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all_o its_o great_a master_n likewise_o the_o present_a state_n of_o learning_n natural_a knowledge_n practice_n of_o physic_n and_o diseale_v in_o poland_n and_o last_o a_o succinct_a description_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o curland_n and_o the_o livonian_a order_n with_o a_o series_n of_o the_o several_a duke_n and_o provincial_a master_n to_o this_o be_v also_o add_v a_o table_n for_o each_o volume_n and_o a_o sculpture_n of_o the_o diet_n in_o session_n with_o some_o memoirs_fw-fr from_o baron_fw-fr blomberg_n vol._n ii_o by_o bernard_n connor_n m._n d._n fellow_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n and_o member_n of_o the_o college_n of_o physician_n who_o in_o his_o travel_n in_o that_o country_n collect_v these_o memoir_n from_o the_o best_a author_n and_o his_o own_o observation_n compose_v and_o publish_a by_o â—ir_n savage_a london_n print_v for_o daâ—_n brown_a without_o templ-bar_n '_o and_o a._n roper_n and_o t._n leigh_n both_o in_o il_fw-fr et-street_n 1698._o d_o r._n connor_n '_o saint_n preface_n in_o my_o preface_n to_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o this_o historical_a relation_n of_o poland_n i_o have_v mention_v my_o incapacity_n for_o matter_n of_o this_o nature_n both_o because_o i_o be_v only_o twelve_o month_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o because_o i_o have_v no_o talon_n or_o genius_n for_o history_n i_o think_v write_v it_o by_o way_n of_o letter_n in_o imitation_n of_o some_o of_o our_o neighbour_n will_v be_v more_o easy_a to_o myself_o and_o more_o acceptable_a to_o the_o public_a i_o be_o proud_a to_o have_v this_o happy_a occasion_n of_o give_v the_o honourable_a person_n i_o write_v to_o so_o public_a a_o testimony_n of_o my_o respect_n i_o be_o sorry_a in_o the_o same_o time_n i_o can_v have_v leisure_n to_o honour_v myself_o in_o write_v to_o the_o noble_a person_n mention_v in_o the_o second_o volume_n as_o i_o have_v have_v in_o the_o first_o i_o follow_v a_o profession_n so_o remote_a from_o history_n particular_o a_o polish_v one_o that_o it_o neither_o allow_v i_o time_n nor_o leave_v i_o any_o inclination_n to_o attend_v any_o other_o business_n i_o hope_v notwithstanding_o the_o person_n i_o promise_v to_o write_v to_o will_v be_v please_v to_o excuse_v i_o for_o not_o be_v able_a to_o keep_v my_o word_n to_o they_o as_o i_o flatter_v myself_o i_o can_v since_o the_o ingenious_a gentleman_n i_o desire_v to_o undertake_v this_o work_n will_v give_v they_o the_o same_o satisfaction_n he_o have_v already_o assist_v i_o in_o my_o first_o volume_n and_o have_v have_v all_o my_o memoirs_fw-fr for_o this_o second_o the_o ancient_n and_o present_a state_n of_o poland_n part_n ii_o the_o present_a state_n letter_n i._n to_o his_o grace_n thomas_n lord_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n of_o the_o form_n of_o the_o government_n in_o poland_n and_o of_o the_o king_n power_n court_n and_o revenue_n my_o lord_n that_o high_a station_n wherewith_o the_o king_n have_v recompense_v your_o merit_n and_o the_o great_a trust_v his_o majesty_n have_v repose_v in_o your_o grace_n during_o his_o absence_n show_v his_o confidence_n in_o your_o ability_n as_o well_o to_o govern_v the_o state_n as_o the_o church_n since_o therefore_o be_v late_o invest_v with_o a_o share_n of_o the_o regal_a authority_n you_o have_v occasion_n to_o know_v more_o intimate_o our_o king_n power_n and_o prerogatives_n i_o think_v myself_o oblige_v to_o give_v your_o grace_n a_o account_n of_o those_o of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o the_o end_n that_o compare_v both_o together_o you_o may_v more_o sensible_o perceive_v the_o excellency_n of_o our_o own_o constitution_n which_o make_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o king_n inseparable_a from_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o people_n for_o when_o the_o executive_a power_n be_v as_o vigilant_a to_o see_v our_o law_n obey_v as_o the_o legislative_a have_v be_v provident_a in_o make_v they_o england_n can_v just_o boast_v of_o a_o much_o great_a happiness_n than_o either_o poland_n or_o any_o other_o kingdom_n of_o europe_n 1698._o have_v my_o lord_n not_o be_v a_o full_a twelve_o month_n at_o the_o late_a king_n of_o poland_n court_n i_o can_v pretend_v to_o be_v thorough_o acquaint_v with_o that_o kingdom_n yet_o i_o find_v that_o like_o most_o other_o country_n it_o have_v undergo_v several_a change_n in_o its_o constitution_n since_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o vith_o century_n at_o which_o time_n it_o begin_v to_o be_v a_o distinct_a nation_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o two_o great_a house_n of_o piastus_n and_o jagello_n poland_n ever_o since_o the_o time_n of_o lechus_n its_o founder_n the_o king_n thereof_o have_v be_v elect_v to_o the_o crown_n after_o a_o hereditary_a manner_n though_o not_o by_o a_o hereditary_a title_n they_o have_v real_o be_v absolute_a and_o their_o will_n go_v for_o a_o law_n for_o than_o they_o make_v peace_n and_o war_n when_o they_o please_v levy_v as_o many_o troop_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a punish_v or_o pardon_v at_o pleasure_n and_o reward_v where_o they_o see_v convenient_a and_o all_o the_o administration_n either_o of_o public_a or_o private_a affair_n be_v so_o whole_o lodge_v in_o the_o king_n hand_n that_o i_o have_v hear_v the_o pole_n themselves_o say_v that_o sigismond_n ii_o 1574._o the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o jagellonic_a family_n be_v to_o the_o full_a as_o absolute_a as_o either_o the_o king_n of_o france_n or_o denmark_n be_v now_o whilst_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n thus_o maintain_v thereby_o a_o supreme_a power_n over_o their_o subject_n they_o exceed_o enlarge_v their_o dominion_n be_v both_o fear_v abroad_o and_o belove_v at_o home_n command_v potent_a and_o numerous_a army_n into_o the_o field_n execute_v most_o erterprise_n speedy_o and_o be_v almost_o always_o sure_o of_o success_n and_o this_o because_o they_o do_v not_o then_o as_o now_o depend_v upon_o the_o linger_a determination_n and_o tedious_a conclusion_n of_o a_o turbulent_a diet._n but_o the_o family_n of_o jagello_n be_v once_o extinct_a by_o the_o death_n of_o sigismond_n ii_o who_o have_v resign_v his_o kingdom_n to_o the_o senate_n and_o polish_v gentry_n and_o give_v they_o full_a power_n and_o authority_n to_o dispose_v thereof_o as_o they_o think_v fit_a the_o crown_n of_o poland_n be_v anew_o declare_v elective_a to_o the_o end_n that_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o christendom_n who_o have_v due_a merit_n and_o qualification_n may_v have_v a_o right_a to_o aspire_v thereunto_o gentry_n this_o give_v occasion_n to_o most_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o europe_n ever_o since_o to_o court_v the_o polish_v nobility_n after_o their_o king_n death_n and_o that_o either_o to_o get_v the_o succeed_a election_n determine_v in_o their_o own_o favour_n or_o else_o to_o have_v some_o of_o their_o friend_n advance_v to_o that_o great_a dignity_n but_o this_o most_o common_o rather_o with_o regard_n to_o their_o own_o private_a interest_n than_o out_o of_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o person_n they_o desire_v to_o promote_v as_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o bourbon_n have_v always_o practise_v thereupon_o the_o gentry_n of_o poland_n therefore_o observe_v that_o several_a prince_n at_o a_o time_n always_o aspire_v to_o their_o crown_n and_o consider_v that_o not_o one_o of_o they_o have_v more_o right_o than_o the_o rest_n as_o likewise_o that_o it_o lay_v altogether_o in_o their_o power_n to_o choose_v who_o they_o please_v resolve_v unanimous_o to_o elect_n none_o but_o such_o as_o shall_v condescend_v nay_o swear_v to_o observe_v the_o term_n and_o condition_n they_o propose_v prince_n hereby_o the_o pole_n by_o degree_n have_v clip_v and_o limit_v the_o ancient_a power_n of_o their_o king_n and_o have_v reduce_v they_o to_o the_o bound_n we_o now_o find_v they_o to_o have_v that_o be_v bare_o to_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o grand_a diet_n for_o the_o pole_n know_v very_o well_o that_o no_o prince_n will_v be_v so_o imprudent_a as_o to_o scruple_n submit_v to_o
of_o the_o cosack_n and_o the_o last_o trouble_n in_o bohemia_n to_o these_o also_o may_v be_v add_v the_o revolution_n of_o our_o own_o nation_n in_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n i._n when_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o people_n extend_v their_o rage_n even_o to_o the_o dip_v their_o hand_n in_o this_o prince_n blood_n politician_n do_v general_o own_v that_o the_o people_n be_v a_o wild_a beast_n which_o ought_v rather_o to_o be_v lead_v than_o leave_v at_o liberty_n and_o by_o consequence_n have_v pronounce_v it_o most_o perilous_a to_o acquiesce_v under_o their_o subjection_n a_o anarchy_n will_v undoubted_o do_v more_o harm_n in_o a_o day_n than_o a_o tyrant_n can_v in_o all_o his_o reign_n if_o he_o punish_v it_o be_v with_o some_o pretence_n of_o justice_n when_o nothing_o can_v abate_v the_o people_n rage_n but_o a_o utter_a extinction_n of_o whatever_o be_v place_v over_o their_o heâ—ds_n a_o mix_a government_n therefore_o make_v out_o of_o all_o these_o three_o be_v that_o which_o have_v prove_v most_o government_n agreeable_a to_o the_o polish_v nation_n be_v a_o just_a medium_fw-la between_o the_o dangerous_a extremity_n of_o a_o absolute_a monarchy_n and_o those_o of_o aristocracy_n and_o democracy_n it_o be_v this_o the_o pole_n have_v pitch_v upon_o as_o most_o proper_a to_o preserve_v the_o public_a liberty_n and_o to_o perpetuate_v the_o happiness_n of_o their_o state_n be_v it_o seem_v persuade_v that_o a_o body_n politic_n resemble_v a_o humane_a in_o this_o that_o as_o the_o one_o borrow_v all_o its_o vigour_n and_o health_n from_o a_o just_a temperament_n of_o the_o different_a humour_n that_o compose_v it_o so_o the_o other_o depend_v absolute_o on_o that_o of_o the_o three_o beforementioned_a form_n of_o government_n and_o moreover_o as_o the_o former_a subsist_v by_o the_o mutual_a opposition_n of_o contrary_a quality_n so_o the_o king_n senate_n and_o gentry_n of_o poland_n have_v in_o some_o measure_n different_a interest_n and_o inclination_n be_v not_o only_o hinder_v from_o deviate_a into_o vicious_a extremity_n but_o also_o through_o a_o noble_a emulation_n be_v excite_v to_o labour_v careful_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o public_a republic_n the_o republic_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o state_n the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n yet_o both_o which_o be_v but_o as_o one_o body_n have_v the_o same_o king_n the_o same_o parliament_n the_o same_o law_n the_o same_o privilege_n the_o same_o religion_n and_o as_o the_o natural_a result_n of_o all_o these_o the_o same_o interest_n these_o two_o state_n be_v so_o very_o well_o unite_v that_o a_o king_n can_v be_v elect_v a_o law_n make_v nor_o any_o state-business_n do_v without_o the_o mutual_a consent_n of_o both_o but_o my_o lord_n as_o the_o king_n be_v the_o prime_n and_o chief_a member_n of_o this_o republic_n i_o will_v give_v your_o grace_n a_o account_n of_o his_o present_a power_n and_o prerogatives_n prerogatives_n the_o pole_n be_v too_o proud_a a_o nation_n to_o agree_v with_o those_o politician_n that_o measure_v the_o grandeur_n of_o a_o prince_n and_o happiness_n of_o a_o state_n by_o the_o despotic_a power_n of_o he_o that_o govern_v it_o and_o therefore_o those_o pernicious_a maxim_n of_o tyrant_n si_fw-la lubet_fw-la licet_fw-la oderint_fw-la dum_fw-la metuant_fw-la and_o the_o like_a will_v be_v but_o ill_o receive_v among_o a_o people_n that_o have_v all_o along_o secure_v their_o liberty_n by_o their_o prudence_n and_o valour_n this_o vassalage_n will_v suit_v well_o enough_o with_o the_o slave_n of_o asia_n and_o africa_n or_o with_o the_o moscovite_n and_o turk_n who_o all_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v govern_v like_o beast_n and_o lead_v by_o the_o nose_n according_a to_o the_o different_a caprice_n or_o pleasure_n of_o their_o prince_n happiness_n as_o for_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n they_o may_v rest_v in_o security_n in_o the_o bosom_n of_o their_o country_n even_o amid_o the_o noise_n of_o arm_n either_o without_o or_o within_o their_o dominion_n since_o they_o have_v always_o their_o subject_n to_o crowd_v about_o they_o for_o their_o guard_n through_o indispensable_a inclination_n for_o what_o contribute_v chief_o to_o the_o happiness_n of_o these_o prince_n be_v the_o loyal_a observance_n and_o voluntary_a obedience_n pay_v they_o even_o by_o those_o that_o be_v at_o liberty_n to_o do_v the_o contrary_n i_o have_v often_o hear_v mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr polignac_n the_o french_a ambassador_n say_v at_o warsaw_n that_o he_o think_v a_o king_n of_o poland_n more_o happy_a in_o his_o person_n and_o condition_n than_o a_o king_n of_o france_n nevertheless_o this_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v so_o alloy_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n that_o it_o do_v not_o exact_v more_o veneration_n from_o the_o noble_n or_o gentry_n than_o they_o think_v he_o deserve_v for_o though_o their_o behaviour_n be_v general_o extraordinary_a observant_a yet_o do_v they_o tacit_o seem_v to_o call_v in_o question_n the_o power_n they_o have_v limit_v and_o often_o refuse_v that_o duty_n which_o they_o have_v deem_v he_o worthy_a of_o by_o his_o election_n unhappiness_n the_o polish_v nobility_n make_v no_o difference_n between_o their_o king_n be_v right_a and_o those_o of_o the_o senate_n and_o deputy_n affirm_v that_o since_o these_o three_o member_n compose_v but_o one_o body_n they_o ought_v equal_o to_o share_v in_o the_o same_o benefit_n and_o injury_n and_o consequent_o ought_v all_o either_o to_o reward_v the_o one_o or_o revenge_v the_o other_o state_n the_o small_a authority_n therefore_o of_o their_o king_n and_o the_o impossibility_n of_o their_o act_n by_o themselves_o have_v at_o all_o time_n expose_v poland_n to_o the_o insult_v of_o their_o neighbour_n and_o the_o rage_n of_o their_o own_o people_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o the_o cosack_n and_o the_o treachery_n and_o sedition_n of_o the_o confederate_n which_o can_v never_o have_v arrive_v at_o so_o great_a height_n if_o the_o king_n have_v have_v but_o sufficient_a power_n to_o have_v suppress_v they_o also_o the_o great_a marshal_n of_o the_o crown_n lubomirski_n will_v never_o have_v have_v the_o boldness_n to_o have_v oppose_v king_n casimir_n design_n open_o and_o to_o have_v form_v so_o many_o faction_n against_o the_o court_n have_v he_o not_o have_v some_o assurance_n of_o remain_v unpunished_a this_o make_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o be_v style_v a_o king_n of_o king_n and_o lord_n of_o lord_n since_o he_o have_v no_o better_a than_o companion_n and_o equal_n for_o his_o subject_n king_n we_o have_v divers_a instance_n of_o the_o pole_n love_v for_o their_o king_n and_o particular_o by_o their_o once_o enforce_v the_o right_n of_o sigismond_n iii_o to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n in_o a_o obstinate_a war_n which_o they_o begin_v several_a time_n as_o likewise_o in_o support_v afterward_o the_o pretence_n of_o vladislaus_n vii_o to_o moscovy_n to_o omit_v divers_a other_o of_o a_o more_o ancient_a date_n this_o respect_n of_o their_o oblige_v they_o frequent_o to_o come_v and_o spend_v their_o estate_n at_o court_n think_v to_o augment_v their_o prince_n grandeur_n by_o their_o prodigality_n and_o magnificence_n this_o appear_v by_o the_o mistake_v make_v by_o gregory_n king_n of_o bohemia_n at_o the_o interview_n between_o he_o and_o casimir_n the_o great_a at_o glogan_n which_o place_v the_o former_a have_v demand_v to_o bound_v the_o limit_n of_o silesia_n when_o he_o salute_v a_o private_a gentleman_n splendid_o clothe_v for_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n power_n the_o custom_n and_o inclination_n of_o the_o pole_n run_v so_o strong_a towards_o honour_v their_o prince_n that_o all_o they_o have_v or_o be_v able_a to_o do_v even_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o their_o life_n and_o fortune_n they_o be_v willing_a to_o lavish_a in_o his_o service_n without_o expect_v any_o great_a recompense_n than_o the_o glory_n of_o wait_v on_o his_o majesty_n person_n insomuch_o that_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o be_v courageous_a and_o prudent_a just_a and_o sober_a liberal_a and_o religious_a one_o that_o observe_v the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o in_o a_o word_n who_o have_v no_o other_o interest_n but_o the_o common_a good_a and_o safety_n of_o his_o subject_n be_v as_o much_o respect_a and_o honour_a and_o as_o faithful_o obey_v both_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o war_n nay_o as_o formidable_a to_o all_o his_o enemy_n as_o most_o prince_n in_o europe_n as_o to_o what_o relate_v to_o war_n no_o monarch_n have_v great_a advantage_n than_o himself_o for_o he_o be_v neither_o at_o the_o trouble_n of_o raise_v force_n nor_o expense_n in_o maintain_v they_o his_o business_n be_v only_o to_o convene_v the_o diet_n and_o they_o do_v all_o these_o thing_n to_o his_o hand_n after_o war_n be_v once_o declare_v he_o can_v continue_v the_o
before_o the_o king_n wherever_o he_o go_v and_o to_o take_v care_n that_o all_o the_o court-officer_n perform_v their_o duty_n in_o their_o several_a station_n over_o who_o he_o have_v the_o sole_a jurisdiction_n in_o criminal_a case_n if_o any_o person_n so_o much_o as_o wound_v one_o of_o his_o officer_n he_o lose_v his_o head_n for_o it_o by_o a_o law_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1573._o he_o be_v moreover_o the_o introducer_n of_o all_o ambassador_n perquisites_n he_o have_v a_o exceed_a great_a benefit_n by_o impose_v prize_n on_o merchant_n ware_n for_o they_o general_o make_v he_o great_a present_n and_o bribe_n to_o augment_v their_o profit_n nevertheless_o his_o power_n be_v very_o much_o lessen_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n for_o than_o he_o must_v act_v in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o grand_a marshal_n of_o lithuania_n absence_n he_o always_o act_n by_o assistance_n of_o the_o court_n marshal_n who_o be_v his_o deputy_n in_o his_o absence_n and_o when_o the_o court_n marshal_n absent_v likewise_o the_o duty_n of_o that_o office_n be_v require_v from_o the_o grand_a marshal_n of_o lithuania_n and_o in_o his_o absence_n from_o his_o little_a marshal_n and_o when_o all_o these_o be_v absent_a that_o duty_n be_v incumbent_a on_o the_o chancellor_n and_o treasurer_n in_o their_o respective_a turn_v the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o grand_a marshal_n or_o grand_a steward_n of_o lithuania_n his_o office_n be_v much_o the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o grand_a marshal_n of_o poland_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o first_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o great_a chancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o second_v lay_n senator_n be_v the_o great_a chancellor_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o three_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o crown_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o four_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o duchy_n kingdom_n the_o chancellor_n and_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n must_v be_v the_o one_o ecclesiastical_a and_o the_o other_o secular_a by_o a_o law_n make_v at_o cracow_n in_o the_o time_n of_o sigismond_n i._n but_o those_o of_o the_o great_a duchy_n be_v both_o oblige_v to_o be_v secular_a though_o 528._o hartknoch_n say_v there_o be_v no_o law_n against_o a_o bishop_n be_v chancellor_n there_o authority_n they_o have_v each_o of_o they_o two_o seal_n the_o chancellor_n the_o great_a seal_n and_o the_o vicechancellor_n the_o lesser_a their_o authority_n be_v equal_a except_o that_o the_o former_a always_o take_v place_n of_o the_o latter_a though_o he_o happen_v to_o be_v a_o bishop_n and_o that_o the_o vicechancellor_n do_v not_o act_v but_o in_o absence_n of_o the_o chancellor_n or_o at_o least_o under_o he_o power_n the_o chancellor_n office_n be_v to_o take_v cognizance_n of_o all_o civil_a affair_n to_o see_v justice_n do_v the_o law_n observe_v and_o to_o render_v ineffectual_a the_o cabal_n and_o intrigue_n of_o foreign_a prince_n in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o liberty_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o republic_n they_o be_v to_o seal_v all_o the_o king_n mandate_n and_o grant_n and_o to_o receive_v and_o answer_v all_o his_o letter_n their_o power_n also_o be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o can_v seal_v several_a thing_n without_o the_o king_n consent_n and_o refuse_v as_o many_o where_o he_o command_v if_o they_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o state_n the_o chancellor_n or_o in_o his_o absence_n the_o vicechancellor_n answer_v to_o all_o speech_n make_v the_o king_n and_o propose_v all_o matter_n to_o be_v debate_v in_o the_o senate_n he_o of_o the_o two_o that_o be_v ecclesiastical_a have_v a_o power_n over_o the_o king_n secretary_n chaplain_n and_o preacher_n as_o likewise_o over_o all_o the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o church_n which_o in_o any_o wise_a relate_v to_o the_o king_n they_o be_v the_o general_a chronicler_n and_o publisher_n of_o the_o law_n and_o take_v cognisance_n of_o all_o appeal_v make_v to_o the_o king_n other_o the_o vicechancellor_n general_o succeed_v the_o chancellor_n though_o sometime_o in_o lithuania_n it_o have_v happen_v otherwise_o the_o ecclesiastical_a chancellor_n or_o vicechancellor_n of_o poland_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n choose_v out_o of_o the_o mean_a bishopric_n as_o culm_n premislia_n chelm_fw-ge etc._n etc._n qualify_v they_o ought_v to_o be_v person_n of_o great_a prudence_n learning_n and_o probity_n their_o business_n be_v to_o admonish_v advise_v and_o direct_v the_o king_n in_o his_o administration_n of_o the_o government_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o five_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o great_a treasurer_n of_o the_o crown_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o six_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o great_a treasurer_n of_o the_o duchy_n authority_n these_o treasurer_n be_v master_n and_o guardian_n of_o the_o treasure_n and_o revenue_n of_o the_o republic_n which_o be_v bring_v they_o in_o by_o four_o general_a collector_n who_o all_o keep_v a_o true_a register_n of_o it_o give_v a_o copy_n thereof_o to_o the_o king_n and_o another_o to_o the_o treasurer_n they_o also_o have_v the_o keep_n of_o the_o regalia_z as_o the_o crown_n sceptre_n globe_n sword_n of_o state_n robe_n etc._n etc._n they_o moreover_o have_v in_o their_o custody_n all_o the_o king_n furniture_n and_o record_n and_o be_v to_o preside_v in_o the_o office_n of_o the_o mint_n they_o likewise_o pay_v all_o salary_n either_o of_o the_o military_a or_o civil_a list_n the_o treasurer_n privilege_n be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o give_v any_o account_n either_o to_o the_o king_n or_o any_o of_o his_o officer_n how_o they_o perform_v their_o trust_n but_o in_o due_a time_n the_o diet_n appoint_v commissioner_n for_o that_o purpose_n they_o be_v oblige_v faithful_o to_o charge_n and_o discharge_v themselves_o before_o they_o otherwise_o the_o republic_n may_v sue_v they_o for_o it_o and_o confiscate_v their_o land_n nevertheless_o the_o treasurer_n who_o most_o common_o misemploy_v the_o public_a stock_n by_o treat_v the_o commissioner_n well_o and_o make_v they_o considerable_a present_n withal_o often_o obtain_v their_o discharge_n without_o much_o difficulty_n trust_n i_o may_v here_o give_v your_o grace_n a_o account_n of_o a_o passage_n that_o happen_v when_o count_n morstyn_n be_v great_a treasurer_n of_o poland_n who_o have_v more_o regard_n to_o his_o own_o private_a interest_n than_o public_a benefit_n send_v all_o the_o riches_n of_o the_o treasury_n into_o france_n when_o fear_v that_o the_o diet_n will_v soon_o think_v fit_a to_o call_v he_o to_o account_n he_o retire_v private_o with_o all_o his_o effect_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o go_v to_o settle_v in_o france_n where_o he_o purchase_v the_o whole_a county_n of_o chateau-villain_n which_o be_v worth_a above_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o livre_n a_o year_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o seven_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o little_a or_o court_n marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o eight_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o little_a or_o court_n marshal_n of_o the_o duchy_n it_o these_o court_n marshal_n in_o the_o time_n of_o vladislaus_n vii_o have_v a_o contest_v with_o the_o chancellor_n for_o precedence_n but_o at_o length_n they_o be_v order_v to_o be_v content_v with_o the_o last_o place_n in_o the_o senate_n therefore_o starovolscius_fw-la who_o in_o his_o colen_n edition_n of_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n place_n they_o next_o to_o the_o great_a marshal_n in_o that_o of_o dantzic_n put_v they_o last_o of_o all_o officer_n it_o will_v not_o be_v here_o amiss_o to_o acquaint_v your_o grace_n that_o beside_o these_o ten_o crown-officer_n there_o be_v three_o other_o sort_n of_o officer_n which_o be_v not_o senator_n and_o they_o be_v either_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o great_a duchy_n the_o king_n court_n or_o belong_v peculiar_o to_o palatinate_n and_o district_v the_o principal_a of_o the_o first_o kind_a be_v these_o general_n the_o two_o grand_a general_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o great_a duchy_n who_o be_v the_o king_n be_v immediate_a substitute_n and_o have_v a_o full_a power_n to_o do_v whatever_o his_o majesty_n can_v be_v he_o present_a though_o this_o dignity_n of_o great_a general_n be_v the_o most_o considerable_a and_o honourable_a of_o any_o in_o the_o republic_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o make_v the_o person_n that_o enjoy_v it_o to_o be_v a_o senator_n nor_o qualify_v he_o to_o have_v the_o least_o seat_n in_o the_o diet_n unless_o he_o be_v therewithal_o a_o palatin_n or_o castellan_n as_o most_o common_o he_o be_v authority_n the_o two_o great_a general_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n have_v equal_a power_n in_o their_o respective_a state_n and_o have_v no_o dependence_n upon_o each_o other_o unless_o that_o the_o great_a general_n of_o lithuania_n always_o give_v place_n to_o he_o of_o poland_n yet_o have_v he_o the_o sole_a command_n
england_n and_o curland_n or_o the_o port_n of_o the_o city_n of_o dantzic_n war._n moreover_o for_o the_o acknowledgement_n that_o the_o say_a duke_n of_o curland_n do_v hold_v and_o enjoy_v the_o say_a island_n of_o tobago_n from_o and_o under_o his_o say_a majesty_n it_o be_v further_o provide_v and_o agree_v that_o when_o and_o as_o often_o as_o the_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n his_o heir_n or_o successor_n shall_v so_o require_v it_o or_o when_o he_o or_o they_o be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n against_o another_o king_n prince_n or_o state_n except_o only_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n the_o duke_n of_o curland_n his_o heir_n and_o successor_n at_o their_o own_o proper_a cost_v and_o charge_n from_o time_n to_o time_n shall_v bring_v or_o cause_n to_o be_v bring_v one_o good_a man_n of_o war_n furnish_v with_o 40_o great_a iron_n gun_n to_o such_o port_n station_n or_o place_n which_o his_o say_a majesty_n his_o heir_n and_o successor_n shall_v name_n into_o which_o ship_n his_o majesty_n his_o heir_n and_o successor_n shall_v put_v commander_n and_o seaman_n and_o supply_v they_o with_o food_n and_o wage_n under_o the_o conduct_n and_o at_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o say_a king_n so_o long_o as_o the_o say_a ship_n shall_v abide_v in_o his_o or_o their_o service_n which_o at_o one_o time_n shall_v never_o exceed_v the_o limit_n of_o a_o year_n for_o the_o testimony_n and_o undoubted_a confirmation_n whereof_o the_o abovesaid_a party_n namely_o the_o most_o serene_a and_o most_o potent_a king_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o the_o most_o illustrious_a duke_n of_o curland_n have_v set_v their_o hand_n interchangeable_o to_o the_o mutual_a agreement_n contain_v and_o explain_v in_o these_o present_n and_o moreover_o have_v apply_v their_o great_a seal_n for_o the_o establishment_n thereof_o effect_n hereupon_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o curland_n minister_n his_o majesty_n king_n charles_n ii_o scent_n a_o letter_n to_o the_o states-general_n to_o acquaint_v they_o with_o this_o his_o grant_n and_o to_o recommend_v to_o their_o consideration_n the_o just_a pretension_n of_o the_o say_a duke_n to_o this_o island_n but_o notwithstanding_o the_o state_n incline_v to_o favour_v the_o lambson_n interest_n who_o have_v the_o impudence_n to_o call_v this_o a_o sham-grant_a affirm_v that_o his_o majesty_n can_v not_o give_v that_o which_o be_v none_o of_o he_o to_o dispose_v of_o the_o say_v royal_a letter_n have_v little_a or_o no_o effect_n till_o it_o happen_v that_o count_n d'_fw-fr etree_n the_o french_a admiral_n take_v the_o island_n and_o make_v there_o a_o miserable_a slaughter_n and_o extirpation_n of_o the_o dutch_a but_o who_o think_v fit_a to_o quit_v the_o possession_n of_o it_o soon_o after_o king_n notwithstanding_o several_a of_o the_o french_a gentry_n and_o merchant_n have_v a_o prospect_n of_o benefit_n before_o their_o eye_n afterward_o solicit_v their_o king_n to_o grant_v the_o say_v conquer_a island_n to_o they_o but_o which_o he_o generous_o refuse_v declare_v that_o it_o belong_v to_o a_o neutral_a prince_n who_o do_v no_o body_n any_o harm_n charles_n hereupon_o the_o duke_n without_o further_a loss_n of_o time_n prepare_v to_o send_v ship_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o his_o right_n and_o upon_o his_o request_n king_n charles_n be_v please_v to_o favour_v he_o with_o his_o second_o royal_a letter_n to_o the_o government_n of_o barbadoes_n direct_v to_o the_o then_o governor_n sir_n jonathan_n atkins_n and_o date_v the_o 19_o of_o january_n 1680_o whereby_o that_o governor_n be_v order_v not_o only_o to_o permit_v and_o suffer_v the_o commander_n and_o officer_n of_o the_o say_a ship_n to_o provide_v and_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o what_o they_o may_v stand_v in_o need_n of_o but_o likewise_o to_o be_v aid_v and_o assist_v to_o they_o with_o his_o authority_n wherever_o there_o shall_v be_v find_v occasion_n intercept_v the_o like_a letter_n be_v some_o time_n before_o dispatch_v from_o king_n charles_n to_o the_o say_a government_n by_o one_o of_o the_o duke_n ship_n call_v the_o flowerpot_n but_o which_o together_o with_o the_o ship_n be_v betray_v to_o the_o pirate_n of_o algiers_n by_o one_o captain_n nagel_n the_o commander_n governor_n upon_o the_o governor_n of_o berbadoes_n receipt_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a royal_a letter_n the_o duke_n be_v encourage_v to_o send_v a_o governor_n to_o tobago_n and_o soon_o after_o several_a other_o from_o time_n to_o time_n to_o keep_v possession_n thereof_o till_o by_o assistance_n of_o the_o english_a he_o may_v be_v able_a to_o establish_v a_o colony_n there_o captain_n in_o 1681_o the_o duke_n enter_v into_o a_o contract_n with_o captain_n pointz_n grant_v 120000_o acre_n of_o the_o say_a island_n to_o he_o and_o company_n upon_o very_o advantageous_a term_n tobago_n this_o island_n lie_v very_o commodious_o among_o the_o caribbee_n or_o antilles_n have_v many_o excellent_a havens_n and_o rivers_n and_o afford_v divers_a good_a product_n and_o will_v be_v of_o very_o dangerous_a consequence_n to_o the_o english_a either_o in_o french_a or_o dutch_a hand_n for_o hand_n first_o when_o in_o the_o year_n 1664_o 1665_o and_o 1666_o it_o be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o dutch_a they_o take_v in_o the_o war_n several_a hundred_o sail_n of_o ship_n belong_v to_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n either_o go_v or_o come_v from_o the_o plantation_n and_o bring_v they_o to_o tobago_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a be_v it_o in_o the_o english_a hand_n under_o the_o duke_n of_o curland_n their_o allegiance_n will_v prevent_v for_o the_o future_a the_o like_a damage_n second_o in_o the_o say_a war_n both_o french_a and_o dutch_a make_v up_o their_o fleet_n at_o the_o say_a island_n and_o take_v and_o plunder_v st._n christopher_n mountserat_fw-la antegoa_n berbudas_n etc._n etc._n to_o the_o great_a damage_n of_o the_o english_a three_o king_n charles_n be_v at_o excessive_a charge_n in_o fit_v out_o a_o fleet_n to_o preserve_v mevis_n from_o be_v take_v by_o the_o dutch_a in_o the_o say_a war_n and_o four_o the_o say_a island_n be_v accommodate_v with_o harbour_n and_o road_n beyond_o any_o other_o of_o the_o caribbee_n may_v probable_o shelter_v enemy_n to_o the_o english_a crown_n when_o if_o it_o be_v in_o their_o hand_n that_o inconveniency_n will_v be_v prevent_v call_v much_o more_o may_v be_v add_v concern_v this_o island_n but_o for_o brevity_n sake_n it_o be_v omit_v only_o i_o may_v take_v notice_n that_o a_o french_a geographer_n suppose_v that_o either_o tobacco_n have_v take_v its_o name_n from_o this_o island_n or_o this_o island_n have_v be_v so_o call_v from_o that_o weed_n issue_n this_o duke_n james_n upon_o his_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o curland_n be_v marry_v to_o chariotte_n the_o daughter_n of_o george_n william_n elector_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o last_o elector_n frederic_n william_n sister_n who_o die_v in_o 1676_o by_o who_o he_o have_v the_o late_a duke_n frederic_n casimir_n prince_n ferdinand_n lieutenant-general_n in_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburgh_n army_n and_o prince_n alexander_n who_o be_v wound_v by_o a_o cannon-ball_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o buda_n and_o who_o die_v in_o his_o way_n to_o vienna_n and_o three_o princess_n whereof_o lovis_n elizabeth_n marry_v frederic_n landtgrave_n of_o hesse_n of_o the_o line_n of_o hambourg_n marry_o amalia_n marry_v may_n 21_o 1673_o charles_n landtgrave_n of_o hesse_n of_o the_o line_n of_o cassel_n and_o the_o three_o charlotte_n live_v still_o unmarried_a in_o the_o king_n of_o sueden_n court._n duke_n james_n be_v succeed_v by_o his_o elder_a son_n 1683._o frederic_n casimir_n but_o now_o late_o decease_v who_o while_o he_o be_v prince_n serve_v under_o our_o present_a king_n in_o holland_n in_o the_o first_o french_a war_n bring_v several_a regiment_n of_o horse_n and_o dragoon_n along_o with_o he_o and_o there_o marry_v princess_n sophia_n amalia_n of_o nassau-siegen_n who_o die_v in_o childbed_n on_o the_o 25_o of_o december_n 1688_o by_o this_o duchess_n he_o have_v three_o princess_n alive_a he_o be_v a_o second_o time_n marry_v at_o berlin_n in_o the_o year_n 1691_o to_o the_o princess_n elizabeth_n sophia_n the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburgh_n sister_n by_o who_o he_o have_v two_o or_o more_o son_n this_o duke_n die_v at_o mittaw_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o february_n 1698_o and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o elder_a son_n 1698._o frederic_n casimir_n ii_o the_o present_a duke_n be_v a_o child_n not_o above_o six_o year_n of_o age._n poland_n the_o duke_n of_o curland_n be_v vassal_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o elector_n be_v to_o the_o emperor_n for_o when_o any_o new_a king_n be_v elect_v there_o this_o duke_n be_v oblige_v to_o send_v his_o envoy_n to_o receive_v investiture_n by_o have_v a_o standard_n deliver_v with_o the_o arm_n of_o poland_n on_o one_o side_n
any_o condition_n to_o become_v master_n of_o so_o considerable_a a_o kingdom_n to_o which_o he_o have_v no_o right_a either_o by_o birth_n or_o other_o claim_n and_o more_o especial_o since_o these_o condition_n be_v neither_o rigorous_a nor_o dishonourable_a but_o such_o as_o be_v decent_o consistent_a with_o the_o regal_a character_n he_o be_v to_o be_v invest_v with_o republic_n thus_o the_o polish_v gentry_n of_o a_o kind_n of_o monarchical_a government_n have_v in_o time_n make_v a_o perfect_a republic_n consist_v of_o three_o order_n the_o king_n senate_n and_o gentry_n which_o they_o call_v the_o nobility_n poland_n here_o my_o lord_n i_o must_v take_v notice_n to_o your_o grace_n that_o the_o polish_v nation_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o sort_n of_o people_n the_o gentry_n or_o freeborn_a subject_n who_o be_v hardly_o a_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o vassal_n who_o be_v no_o better_a than_o slave_n to_o the_o gentry_n for_o they_o have_v no_o benefit_n of_o the_o law_n can_v buy_v no_o estate_n nor_o enjoy_v any_o property_n no_o more_o than_o our_o negro_n in_o the_o west-indies_n can_n and_o this_o because_o some_o age_n since_o the_o common_a people_n revolt_a against_o their_o lord_n and_o have_v drive_v they_o out_o of_o the_o nation_n the_o gentry_n come_v with_o a_o foreign_a power_n and_o reduce_v they_o to_o a_o great_a subjection_n than_o before_o in_o which_o they_o have_v be_v keep_v ever_o since_o so_o that_o the_o government_n of_o poland_n at_o present_a comprehend_v only_o the_o king_n and_o gentry_n by_o a_o gentleman_n or_o nobleman_n of_o poland_n be_v understand_v a_o person_n who_o either_o himself_n or_o his_o family_n have_v a_o possession_n in_o land_n for_o they_o never_o intermarry_v with_o the_o common_a people_n all_o the_o gentry_n from_o the_o king_n son_n to_o those_o that_o be_v but_o only_a master_n of_o a_o acre_n of_o land_n be_v equal_o noble_a both_o by_o their_o birth_n and_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o no_o body_n be_v bear_v either_o a_o palatine_n senator_n or_o lord_n but_o those_o title_n be_v always_o annex_v to_o certain_a employment_n which_o the_o king_n only_o give_v to_o person_n advance_v in_o age_n and_o recommend_v by_o their_o merit_n diet._n the_o diet_n of_o poland_n in_o some_o respect_n resemble_v our_o parliament_n be_v make_v up_o of_o two_o house_n the_o house_n of_o senator_n answerable_a to_o our_o house_n of_o lord_n and_o the_o house_n of_o nuncio_n not_o unlike_o our_o house_n of_o commons_o the_o senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n palatine_n castellan_n and_o the_o ten_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o all_o about_o 142._o in_o the_o upper-house_n the_o senator_n sit_v not_o by_o any_o writ_n of_o summons_n or_o letter_n patent_n as_o in_o england_n but_o only_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o great_a preferment_n in_o the_o king_n gift_n which_o they_o enjoy_v for_o life_n so_o that_o the_o king_n whole_o constitute_v the_o upper_a house_n but_o the_o low_a be_v the_o representative_n of_o the_o gentry_n elect_v by_o they_o alone_o in_o their_o respective_a province_n without_o the_o concurrence_n of_o the_o common_a people_n who_o have_v no_o privilege_n to_o vote_n in_o their_o election_n insomuch_o that_o at_o least_o nine_o part_n in_o ten_o of_o the_o people_n of_o poland_n be_v exclude_v from_o have_v any_o share_n in_o the_o government_n power_n the_o grand_a diet_n of_o poland_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o king_n senators_z and_o deputy_n assemble_v together_o in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o his_o majesty_n command_v without_o this_o great_a assembly_n of_o the_o state_n the_o king_n can_v neither_o make_v nor_o repeal_n law_n declare_v war_n nor_o conclude_v a_o peace_n make_v no_o alliance_n with_o any_o foreign_a prince_n raise_v neither_o troop_n nor_o tax_n coin_v no_o money_n and_o in_o a_o word_n can_v determine_v no_o matter_n of_o state_n of_o any_o importance_n without_o the_o universal_a consent_n and_o concurrence_n of_o this_o parliament_n which_o they_o term_v the_o free_a state_n of_o poland_n government_n several_a powerful_a motive_n have_v incline_v the_o pole_n to_o establish_v this_o kind_n of_o mix_a government_n which_o they_o take_v to_o be_v a_o just_a temperament_n of_o whatever_o be_v to_o be_v find_v most_o excellent_a in_o the_o several_a monarchy_n aristocracy_n and_o democracy_n that_o have_v be_v in_o the_o world_n the_o most_o considerable_a of_o which_o motive_n as_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o they_o in_o their_o history_n or_o learn_v they_o from_o the_o most_o know_v among_o their_o native_n be_v as_o follow_v motive_n first_o they_o think_v by_o this_o judicious_a choice_n of_o a_o government_n to_o preserve_v their_o kingdom_n from_o those_o disorder_n which_o most_o common_o attend_v absolute_a monarchy_n agree_v herein_o with_o that_o prince_n of_o philosopher_n aristotle_n who_o though_o he_o prefer_v this_o kind_n of_o government_n to_o all_o other_o yet_o be_v he_o nevertheless_o oblige_v to_o own_o that_o when_o ever_o it_o degenerate_v it_o be_v the_o most_o pernicious_a of_o all_o thus_o the_o pole_n have_v temper_v the_o exorbitant_a power_n of_o their_o king_n with_o the_o mixture_n of_o two_o other_o government_n whereby_o they_o think_v to_o secure_v their_o liberty_n a_o thing_n always_o most_o dear_a to_o they_o from_o the_o arbitrary_a will_n of_o a_o prince_n who_o by_o imagine_v himself_o above_o the_o law_n may_v fancy_n whatever_o his_o passion_n prompt_v he_o to_o allowable_a and_o his_o true_a interest_n to_o be_v the_o entire_a subjection_n of_o his_o people_n the_o miserable_a example_n of_o their_o neighbour_n the_o turk_n and_o moscovite_n have_v sufficient_o convince_v they_o of_o this_o truth_n wherefore_o the_o polish_v nation_n think_v it_o but_o convenient_a to_o limit_v the_o excessive_a power_n of_o their_o king_n and_o confine_v they_o to_o rule_v with_o more_o moderation_n and_o justice_n motive_n second_o the_o pole_n have_v observe_v as_o well_o from_o their_o own_o government_n as_o from_o that_o of_o their_o neighbour_n that_o no_o small_a disadvantage_n have_v flow_v from_o a_o aristocracy_n they_o can_v not_o be_v persuade_v but_o that_o the_o authority_n of_o one_o person_n be_v infinite_o more_o easy_a to_o be_v tolerate_v than_o that_o of_o many_o for_o that_o either_o the_o ambition_n or_o jealousy_n of_o such_o will_v often_o disturb_v the_o repose_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o the_o public_a poland_n also_o begin_v to_o reflect_v upon_o its_o former_a misery_n under_o its_o woievod_n when_o it_o be_v deplorable_o rend_v and_o tear_v by_o the_o faction_n among_o those_o palatine_n insomuch_o that_o even_o while_o it_o become_v a_o conqueror_n from_o without_o it_o be_v vanquish_v within_o and_o that_o by_o its_o own_o force_n this_o give_v the_o pole_n no_o small_a dislike_n to_o a_o aristocracy_n which_o they_o have_v resolve_v never_o more_o to_o admit_v among_o they_o motive_n the_o three_o reason_n of_o state_n which_o have_v oblige_v the_o pole_n to_o reject_v a_o democracy_n be_v that_o they_o look_v upon_o that_o sort_n of_o government_n to_o be_v the_o most_o dangerous_a of_o all_o be_v the_o easy_a inflame_v and_o the_o great_a enemy_n to_o true_a nobility_n its_o first_o maxim_n be_v to_o procure_v a_o universal_a level_v or_o make_v all_o alike_o whereby_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o common_a liberty_n they_o weaken_v and_o enervate_v those_o great_a genius_n which_o be_v design_v to_o govern_v and_o protect_v they_o how_o then_o can_v it_o be_v expect_v that_o the_o descendants_n of_o those_o mighty_a warrior_n who_o found_v the_o polish_v nation_n and_o have_v so_o long_o maintain_v the_o honour_n of_o it_o by_o their_o valour_n shall_v submit_v to_o have_v their_o blood_n debase_v by_o mix_v it_o with_o the_o ignoble_a vulgar_a the_o tyranny_n of_o law_n which_o the_o noble_n be_v subject_v to_o in_o a_o absolute_a commonwealth_n will_v be_v too_o rude_a a_o check_n to_o this_o ambition_n which_o the_o pole_n have_v always_o have_v to_o command_v over_o their_o vassal_n and_o therefore_o they_o have_v always_o entertain_v a_o secret_a odium_n for_o those_o grecian_a republic_n that_o banish_v their_o great_a statesman_n mere_o because_o they_o will_v not_o have_v they_o gain_v too_o fast_o upon_o the_o affection_n of_o the_o people_n if_o any_o shall_v perhaps_o doubt_v of_o the_o pernicious_a consequence_n of_o a_o popular_a government_n where_o reason_n do_v not_o so_o much_o reign_v as_o a_o unruly_a violence_n of_o a_o people_n who_o know_v no_o other_o law_n than_o those_o of_o their_o passion_n let_v they_o cast_v their_o eye_n on_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n who_o be_v often_o ready_a to_o overturn_v the_o state_n have_v not_o the_o senate_n speedy_o apply_v a_o prudent_a remedy_n but_o there_o be_v other_o example_n more_o modern_a as_o the_o revolt_n
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starostaship_n after_o the_o death_n of_o those_o that_o enjoy_v they_o if_o the_o king_n chance_n to_o die_v before_o the_o queen_n have_v this_o reformation_n assign_v she_o than_o the_o republic_n give_v she_o a_o yearly_o pension_n out_o of_o the_o crown-revenue_n but_o this_o no_o long_o than_o she_o continue_v unmarried_a or_o stay_v in_o the_o realm_n for_o otherwise_o in_o both_o those_o case_n the_o queen_n regent_n get_v it_o or_o else_o it_o revert_v to_o the_o state_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o queen_n regent_n never_o come_v by_o it_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o diet_n and_o that_o be_v no_o ordinary_a expense_n to_o she_o to_o procure_v by_o purchase_v almost_o all_o the_o vote_n of_o that_o mercenary_a assembly_n this_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o present_a queen-dowager_n for_o when_o the_o queen_n her_o predecessor_n marry_v the_o duke_n of_o lorraine_n she_o observe_v that_o the_o settlement_n of_o her_o pension_n be_v like_a 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poland_n also_o have_v be_v so_o kind_a as_o to_o part_v with_o their_o prerogative_n in_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n so_o that_o now_o they_o retain_v only_o the_o collation_n of_o benefice_n as_o for_o the_o foundation_n of_o monastery_n whatever_o power_n the_o king_n may_v have_v leave_v to_o erect_v they_o they_o must_v always_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o three_o order_n of_o the_o state_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v likewise_o limit_v in_o divers_a other_o respect_n for_o he_o can_v neither_o increase_v nor_o diminish_v the_o number_n of_o officer_n either_o of_o his_o court_n or_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o name_v any_o stranger_n that_o be_v not_o naturalize_v to_o any_o charge_n or_o government_n only_o in_o the_o foot_n army_n and_o there_o too_o such_o a_o person_n can_v pretend_v to_o no_o more_o than_o to_o be_v a_o captain_n or_o at_o most_o a_o colonel_n this_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o example_n of_o stephen_n batori_n who_o have_v have_v considerable_a service_n do_v he_o 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parliament_n thereby_o this_o pernicious_a constitution_n occasion_n many_o trouble_n and_o animosity_n for_o it_o encourage_v unruly_a and_o mutinous_a people_n to_o disturb_v the_o commonwealth_n officer_n never_o serve_v the_o republic_n faithful_o treasurer_n arè_v thereby_o embolden_v to_o give_v no_o account_n of_o the_o public_a revenue_n the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n and_o governor_n of_o province_n and_o town_n do_v as_o they_o think_v fit_a and_o most_o common_o mind_v their_o own_o private_a affair_n more_o than_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o republic_n in_o a_o word_n though_o the_o pole_n term_v this_o constitution_n the_o great_a mark_n of_o their_o liberty_n it_o inevitable_o ruin_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o whole_a state_n and_o every_o one_o see_v what_o bad_a consequence_n must_v and_o do_v necessary_o follow_v from_o this_o excessive_a liberty_n or_o rather_o libertinism_n of_o every_o private_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n respect_n my_o lord_n this_o great_a privilege_n of_o the_o ofcer_n make_v they_o pay_v more_o than_o ordinary_a respect_n to_o the_o king_n before_o they_o be_v dignify_v and_o court_v he_o to_o give_v they_o a_o charge_v which_o he_o can_v never_o afterward_o take_v away_o moreover_o this_o power_n of_o the_o king_n be_v to_o name_n such_o of_o the_o qualify_v nobility_n as_o best_o please_v he_o to_o these_o important_a employment_n keep_v all_o the_o gentry_n in_o a_o great_a dependence_n on_o he_o for_o the_o design_n of_o the_o republic_n in_o lodging_n the_o nomination_n of_o officer_n in_o the_o king_n hand_n be_v that_o he_o shall_v take_v care_n to_o confer_v they_o on_o those_o that_o have_v best_o deserve_v they_o by_o their_o service_n either_o in_o peace_n or_o war_n and_o exclude_v such_o from_o they_o as_o have_v be_v stubborn_a mutinous_a and_o unserviceable_a to_o the_o state_n another_o reason_n that_o make_v the_o king_n respect_v be_v the_o natural_a ambition_n
the_o pole_n have_v to_o aspire_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o by_o their_o constitution_n all_o the_o noble_n as_o they_o call_v they_o or_o freeborn_a of_o the_o land_n be_v equal_a as_o to_o their_o birth_n and_o none_o though_o never_o so_o poor_a owe_v precedence_n unless_o through_o a_o compliment_n to_o any_o ever_o so_o rich_a insomuch_o that_o preferment_n and_o honour_n be_v the_o only_a mean_n by_o which_o they_o attain_v to_o precedence_n which_o be_v annex_v thereto_o and_o ascertain_v by_o the_o statute_n and_o law_n now_o one_o will_v think_v that_o this_o mighty_a power_n which_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v to_o dispose_v of_o so_o many_o place_n of_o profit_n and_o trust_v so_o many_o land_n by_o royal_a tenure_n and_o so_o many_o benefice_n must_v needs_o gain_v he_o the_o love_n and_o affection_n of_o those_o on_o who_o they_o be_v confer_v but_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o pole_n be_v none_o of_o the_o most_o grateful_a and_o know_v too_o well_o that_o the_o king_n can_v dispose_v of_o those_o preferment_n but_o to_o themselves_o they_o believe_v that_o when_o he_o grant_v they_o he_o only_o give_v back_o what_o of_o right_o belong_v to_o they_o and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o a_o act_n of_o grace_n in_o he_o as_o a_o piece_n of_o justice_n approach_n when_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n come_v to_o any_o city_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v oblige_v immediate_o to_o present_v he_o with_o the_o key_n and_o he_o can_v send_v his_o regiment_n of_o guard_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o gate_n the_o citizen_n of_o dantzick_n only_o have_v a_o privilege_n to_o keep_v their_o own_o key_n and_o to_o hinder_v all_o but_o a_o few_o troop_n from_o follow_v the_o king_n into_o the_o city_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o dantzick_n have_v more_o immunity_n and_o privilege_n than_o any_o other_o city_n of_o poland_n insomuch_o that_o it_o may_v be_v rather_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v a_o small_a republic_n of_o itself_o under_o protection_n of_o that_o kingdom_n than_o a_o city_n subject_a to_o it_o nay_o it_o have_v in_o a_o manner_n all_o the_o mark_n of_o a_o sovereign_a power_n for_o it_o can_v condemn_v to_o death_n without_o appeal_n even_o the_o polish_v gentry_n if_o they_o commit_v any_o crime_n within_o its_o territory_n and_o jurisdiction_n diet._n the_o king_n can_v raise_v no_o troop_n at_o his_o own_o charge_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o diet_n and_o this_o for_o fear_v that_o he_o shall_v strengthen_v himself_o and_o entrench_v upon_o their_o liberty_n nevertheless_o vladislaus_n vii_o levy_v some_o with_o the_o portion_n of_o his_o queen_n mary_n ludovica_n but_o the_o senate_n so_o murmur_v that_o he_o be_v soon_o oblige_v to_o disband_v they_o the_o king_n can_v on_o any_o account_n whatever_o go_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o diet_n for_o your_o grace_n may_v observe_v that_o king_n henry_n of_o valois_n be_v fain_o to_o steal_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n when_o he_o go_v into_o france_n sigismond_n iii_o after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n john_n king_n of_o sueden_n be_v force_v to_o call_v a_o diet_n at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n 1592._o to_o obtain_v consent_n to_o return_v into_o sueden_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o his_o hereditary_a kingdom_n and_o that_o lewis_n king_n of_o hungary_n who_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1370_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o return_v to_o his_o native_a kingdom_n desire_v leave_v of_o the_o senate_n and_o be_v oblige_v to_o augment_v their_o privilege_n to_o obtain_v it_o respect_v the_o king_n child_n be_v more_o than_o ordinary_o respect_v though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n every_o private_a gentleman_n think_v himself_o as_o great_a as_o they_o by_o the_o law_n and_o to_o have_v as_o lawful_a a_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n yet_o be_v they_o nevertheless_o always_o treat_v as_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n royal._n his_o elder_a son_n have_v the_o title_n of_o prince_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o other_o bare_o that_o of_o prince_n add_v withal_o their_o christian_a name_n as_o prince_n alexander_n and_o prince_n constantin_n of_o poland_n the_o king_n elder_a daughter_n be_v call_v the_o princess_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o other_o only_a princess_n add_v thereto_o their_o name_n as_o princess_n mary_n of_o poland_n but_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v that_o when_o the_o king_n their_o father_n die_v and_o a_o new_a king_n of_o another_o or_o the_o same_o family_n succeed_v and_o have_v child_n then_o do_v they_o lose_v the_o title_n of_o prince_n and_o princess_n of_o poland_n and_o take_v only_o the_o name_n of_o their_o family_n or_o estate_n such_o as_o prince_n sobieski_n princess_n czartoriski_n yet_o however_o the_o senate_n always_o look_v upon_o themselves_o oblige_v to_o provide_v for_o they_o to_o give_v they_o pension_n and_o to_o match_v they_o equal_a to_o their_o dignity_n and_o birth_n which_o have_v ever_o hitherto_o be_v due_o observe_v nay_o the_o pole_n have_v all_o along_o show_v such_o esteem_n and_o affection_n to_o the_o royal_a family_n that_o although_o they_o have_v not_o allow_v they_o any_o hereditary_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o law_n yet_o have_v they_o always_o elect_v one_o of_o they_o king_n where_o there_o be_v any_o survive_v for_o i_o find_v from_o the_o time_n of_o their_o prince_n piastus_n even_o down_o to_o that_o of_o the_o election_n of_o the_o late_a king_n john_n sobieski_n which_o be_v from_o the_o year_n 830._o to_o the_o year_n 1674_o the_o crown_n have_v always_o continue_v in_o the_o same_o family_n in_o a_o direct_a line_n as_o your_o grace_n may_v observe_v in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o my_o account_n of_o poland_n they_o have_v also_o not_o confine_v this_o affection_n of_o they_o to_o the_o king_n son_n only_o but_o have_v likewise_o extend_v it_o towards_o their_o daughter_n and_o even_o their_o widow_n as_o may_v be_v see_v at_o large_a in_o their_o history_n where_o your_o grace_n will_v find_v what_o strict_a regard_v the_o pole_n have_v to_o the_o royal_a race_n in_o the_o election_n of_o the_o princess_n hedwigis_fw-la who_o they_o wait_v for_o with_o great_a patience_n though_o all_o the_o while_o they_o suffer_v extreme_o by_o the_o insult_v of_o the_o duke_n of_o masovia_n who_o pretend_v a_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n as_o be_v a_o relation_n to_o casimir_n the_o great_a slight_v the_o king_n be_v natural_a son_n be_v extreme_o undervalue_v and_o be_v hardly_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v common_a gentleman_n for_o none_o of_o the_o gentry_n care_v to_o keep_v company_n with_o they_o nay_o one_o of_o the_o late_a king_n be_v a_o clerk_n in_o the_o salt_n customhouse_n at_o thorn_n a_o city_n in_o prussia_n where_o his_o place_n be_v not_o worth_n he_o above_o thirty_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la all_o over_o the_o kingdom_n they_o usual_o have_v a_o very_a mean_a opinion_n of_o illegitimate_a child_n though_o nature_n endow_v they_o general_o with_o as_o many_o perfection_n and_o with_o as_o good_a quality_n as_o she_o do_v the_o lawful_o beget_v family_n the_o only_a way_n for_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o continue_v the_o crown_n in_o his_o family_n be_v to_o be_v warlike_a to_o enlarge_v his_o dominion_n to_o gain_v the_o love_n and_o affection_n of_o his_o people_n by_o his_o own_o merit_n and_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o clergy_n to_o send_v his_o child_n early_o to_o the_o war_n to_o get_v credit_n and_o reputation_n in_o the_o army_n to_o spend_v liberal_o all_o his_o revenue_n and_o to_o die_v in_o debt_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o pole_n may_v be_v incline_v to_o elect_a his_o son_n to_o enable_v he_o to_o pay_v what_o his_o father_n owe_v but_o all_o this_o while_n he_o must_v never_o think_v to_o encroach_v on_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o nation_n nor_o endeavour_v by_o any_o mean_n to_o render_v the_o crown_n hereditary_n for_o whenever_o the_o pole_n begin_v to_o smell_v out_o any_o such_o private_a design_n they_o be_v present_o apt_a to_o stir_v up_o seditious_a tumult_n which_o will_v prove_v very_o pernicious_a to_o all_o the_o posterity_n of_o that_o king_n as_o the_o ill_a success_n the_o late_a king_n son_n have_v have_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v denmark_n it_o be_v altogether_o impossible_a for_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n to_o reduce_v his_o subject_n under_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n for_o the_o state_n of_o denmark_n be_v quite_o different_a then_o from_o what_o that_o of_o poland_n be_v now_o in_o denmark_n the_o king_n clergy_n and_o commonalty_n be_v under_o the_o rule_n and_o government_n of_o the_o gentry_n so_o that_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o commonalty_n to_o side_n with_o the_o king_n to_o abate_v and_o depress_v the_o
gnesna_n a_o address_n to_o this_o bishop_n be_v common_o admodum_fw-la reverendo_fw-la when_o other_o have_v only_o reverendo_fw-la the_o four_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o see_n bishop_n of_o cujavia_n and_o pomerania_n the_o see_v of_o who_o bishopric_n be_v at_o vladislaw_n upon_o the_o vistula_n four_o league_n below_o thorn_n in_o low_a poland_n authority_n his_o seat_n in_o the_o senate_n be_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n who_o place_n he_o officiate_n in_o a_o inter-regnum_fw-la as_o your_o grace_n may_v have_v observe_v before_o his_o bishopric_n be_v former_o call_v the_o bishopric_n of_o cruswick_n because_o he_o have_v a_o cathedral_n church_n there_o but_o that_o be_v translate_v to_o vladislaw_n at_o this_o day_n it_o have_v sometime_o the_o name_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o vladislaw_n residence_n his_o usual_a residence_n when_o in_o poland_n be_v either_o at_o wolboria_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o lanschet_fw-mi or_o lagovia_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o sendomir_n and_o when_o in_o prussia_n be_v chief_o at_o sobkovia_n the_o five_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o vilna_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n on_o the_o river_n vilia_fw-la which_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o river_n niemen_n below_o cowno_n diocese_n his_o diocese_n extend_v itself_o through_o lithuania_n and_o white-russia_n even_o to_o the_o border_n of_o moscovy_n the_o six_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o posnan_n a_o city_n in_o low_a or_o great_a poland_n situate_v on_o the_o river_n varta_fw-la there_o be_v the_o tomb_n of_o several_a king_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o this_o city_n all_o which_o be_v very_o magnificent_a diocese_n his_o diocese_n not_o only_o extend_v through_o the_o province_n of_o posnania_n but_o also_o through_o some_o part_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o masovia_n as_o warsaw_n etc._n etc._n the_o seven_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o plosko_fw-mi a_o small_a city_n in_o masovia_n on_o the_o river_n vistula_n five_o league_n above_o vladislaw_n jurisdiction_n he_o have_v the_o same_o jurisdiction_n over_o the_o territory_n of_o pultausk_n as_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n have_v over_o the_o duchy_n of_o severia_n and_o wherein_o there_o lie_v no_o appeal_n to_o the_o king_n see_n his_o episcopal_n see_v be_v at_o pultausk_n in_o masovia_n upon_o the_o river_n narew_n which_o run_v into_o the_o bug_n two_o league_n below_o the_o eight_o eclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o varmia_n in_o royal_a prussia_n which_o bishopric_n be_v so_o divide_v that_o the_o bishop_n have_v two_o part_n and_o the_o chapter_n the_o three_o and_o in_o which_o they_o have_v jurisdiction_n a_o free_a jurisdiction_n over_o the_o gentry_n exempt_v from_o the_o regal_a power_n see_n his_o episcopal_n see_v be_v at_o frawenberg_n a_o little_a town_n near_o frischaff_a the_o nine_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o luceoria_n or_o lucko_n which_o be_v the_o capital_a city_n of_o high_a volhynia_n diocese_n his_o diocese_n contain_v part_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o masovia_n podlachia_n and_o briescia_n or_o polesia_n in_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n the_o ten_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o premislia_n or_o premislaw_n a_o city_n of_o red-russia_n on_o the_o river_n san_n six_o league_n above_o jeroslaw_n and_o twelve_o from_o leopol_n bishop_n in_o this_o city_n there_o be_v a_o greek-schismatic_n bishop_n it_o be_v here_o that_o a_o canon_n of_o the_o cathedral_n church_n name_v orikowski_n in_o the_o beginning_n of_o lutheranism_n maintain_v the_o first_o that_o priest_n may_v marry_v and_o who_o marry_v afterward_o himself_o in_o the_o year_n 1549._o under_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n ii_o the_o eleven_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o samogitia_n who_o obtain_v from_o pope_n curland_n vrban_n viii_o that_o he_o may_v likewise_o be_v bishop_n of_o curland_n see_n this_o bishop_n have_v no_o particular_a see_v appoint_v but_o sometime_o reside_v at_o midnich_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a town_n in_o that_o province_n the_o twelve_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o culm_n a_o city_n of_o royal_a prussia_n on_o the_o river_n vistula_n six_o league_n above_o the_o city_n of_o thorn_n precedence_n this_o bishop_n former_o precede_v the_o bishop_n of_o varmia_n see_n his_o episcopal_n see_v be_v at_o lubavia_n as_o likewise_o at_o stargardie_a which_o the_o german_n call_v althousen_n the_o thirteen_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o chelm_fw-ge in_fw-ge red-russia_n there_o be_v beside_o in_o this_o city_n a_o greek-schismatick_a bishop_n wherefore_o the_o bishop_n of_o chelm_fw-ge have_v for_o some_o time_n translate_v his_o see_n to_o kranostaw_fw-mi a_o town_n in_o the_o same_o palatinate_n of_o chelm_fw-ge build_v upon_o a_o great_a lake_n through_o which_o run_v the_o river_n nieper_n this_o translation_n be_v occasion_v by_o the_o frequent_a eruption_n of_o the_o tartar_n and_o cosak_n and_o who_o have_v altogether_o destroy_v the_o city_n of_o chelm_fw-ge the_o fourteen_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o kiovia_n capital_a city_n of_o low_a volhynia_n honorary_a and_o of_o all_o vkraina_n moscovy_n here_o be_v moreover_o a_o greek-schismatick_a bishop_n formerly_z primate_n of_o all_o russia_n or_o moscovy_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o city_n be_v all_o of_o the_o greek_a persuasion_n and_o at_o present_a be_v subject_a to_o the_o great_a czar_n the_o fifteen_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o honorary_a bishop_n of_o caminiec_n capital_a of_o podolia_n which_o be_v now_o under_o the_o turk_n the_o sixteen_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o honorary_a bishop_n of_o smolensko_n upon_o the_o river_n vistula_n capital_a of_o the_o duchy_n of_o the_o same_o name_n this_o duchy_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o lithuania_n but_o now_o be_v also_o subdue_v by_o the_o moscovite_n court_n every_o one_o of_o these_o bishop_n have_v a_o great_a retinue_n and_o a_o kind_n of_o little_a court_n have_v several_a ecclesiastical_a and_o secular_a officer_n about_o he_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o also_o have_v suffragans_fw-la because_o they_o believe_v themselves_o chief_o make_v bishop_n to_o have_v a_o right_a to_o sit_v in_o the_o senate_n and_o not_o to_o be_v trouble_v with_o the_o duty_n of_o their_o office_n and_o therefore_o allow_v these_o a_o small_a pension_n to_o perform_v all_o episcopal_a function_n for_o they_o guagnini_n say_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1506._o there_o be_v a_o great_a contest_v in_o the_o diet_n hold_v at_o lublin_n between_o the_o ecclesiastical_a and_o lay_v senator_n for_o the_o latter_a pretend_v to_o have_v a_o right_a to_o sit_v next_o the_o king_n on_o his_o left_a hand_n but_o which_o at_o length_n the_o bishop_n overpower_a they_o in_o and_o thereby_o retain_v their_o ancient_a privilege_n revenue_n krzistanowic_n in_o his_o state_n of_o poland_n say_v that_o such_o be_v the_o piety_n of_o the_o pole_n that_o immediate_o after_o they_o become_v christian_n they_o prefer_v their_o clergy_n to_o their_o laity_n and_o allow_v they_o many_o noble_a immunity_n and_o privilege_n which_o they_o enjoy_v to_o this_o day_n most_o of_o the_o bishop_n have_v very_o large_a revenue_n wherewith_o they_o may_v not_o only_o live_v splendid_o and_o comfortable_o themselves_o but_o also_o be_v assistant_n to_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o charitable_a to_o the_o poor_a lithuania_n here_o i_o must_v beg_v leave_n to_o give_v your_o grace_n by_o way_n of_o digression_n some_o account_n of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o religion_n both_o in_o poland_n and_o lithnania_n together_o with_o a_o few_o historical_a circumstance_n relate_v as_o well_o to_o modern_a as_o more_o remote_a time_n and_o wherein_o i_o shall_v all_o along_o endeavour_v to_o be_v as_o concise_a and_o comprehensive_a as_o the_o several_a particular_n i_o have_v to_o go_v through_o will_v admit_v pole_n your_o grace_n may_v first_o be_v inform_v that_o the_o pole_n become_v christian_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o miecislaus_fw-la i._o in_o the_o year_n 964._o as_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o life_n of_o that_o king_n the_o first_o tenet_n they_o embrace_v be_v those_o of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n but_o however_o the_o russian_n entertain_v the_o greek_a persuasion_n which_o they_o continue_v in_o many_o place_n of_o that_o province_n to_o this_o day_n they_o be_v utter_o averse_a to_o the_o roman_n catholic_n religion_n and_o term_v its_o professor_n by_o way_n of_o contempt_n latin_n their_o service_n be_v in_o that_o language_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o greek_a church_n in_o this_o kingdom_n the_o schismatic_n and_o the_o vniat_n whereof_o the_o latter_a differ_v only_o from_o the_o roman_a catholic_n in_o that_o their_o devotion_n be_v all_o in_o the_o greek_a language_n the_o priest_n of_o both_o these_o church_n be_v call_v popi_n the_o word_n pop_n in_o polish_v signify_v a_o
a_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o kalisch_n the_o seventy_o eight_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o srzdo_n or_o sremsk_v a_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o posnania_n the_o seventy_o nine_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o zarnow_n a_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o sendomir_n the_o eighti_v lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o malagost_n or_o malogsch_n a_o town_n in_o the_o same_o the_o eighty_o first_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o vielunia_n a_o territory_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o siradia_n the_o eighty_o second_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o praemislaw_n a_o district_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o russia_n the_o eighty_o three_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o halicz_n a_o district_n in_o the_o same_o palatinate_n the_o eighty_o four_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o sanoch_n a_o district_n in_o the_o same_o palatinate_n the_o eighty_o five_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o chelm_fw-ge the_o eighty_o six_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o drohiczin_n a_o district_n of_o the_o province_n of_o podlachia_n the_o eighty_o seven_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o poloviec_n a_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o sendomir_n the_o eighty_o eight_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o premecz_n or_o primen_n a_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o posnania_n the_o eighty_o nine_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o kriven_n a_o town_n in_o the_o same_o palatinate_n the_o nineti_v lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o czekow_n a_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o sendomir_n the_o ninety_o first_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o nakel_n or_o naklo_n a_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o kalisch_n the_o ninety_o second_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o rosprza_n a_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o siradia_n the_o ninety_o three_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o biechovia_n a_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o lanschet_fw-mi the_o ninety_o four_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o bidgotz_n a_o district_n and_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o inowlocz_n the_o ninety_o five_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o brezini_n a_o district_n and_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o lanschet_fw-mi the_o ninety_o six_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o kruswick_n a_o district_n and_o city_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o bresty_n the_o ninety_o seven_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o oswieczin_n a_o duchy_n and_o city_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o cracovia_n the_o ninety_o eight_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o kamin_n a_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o kalisch_n the_o ninety_o nine_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o spicimiria_n or_o rizepice_n a_o district_n and_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o siradia_n the_o hundred_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o inowlocz_n the_o hundred_o and_o first_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o kowalow_v a_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o bresty_n the_o hundred_o and_o second_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o zandoc_n a_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o posnania_n the_o hundred_o and_o three_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o sochazovia_n a_o district_n and_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o rava_n the_o hundred_o and_o four_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o warsaw_n a_o district_n and_o famous_a city_n in_o the_o province_n of_o masovia_n the_o hundred_o and_o five_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o gostinin_n a_o district_n and_o capital_a city_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o rava_n the_o hundred_o and_o six_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o wisna_n a_o district_n and_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o masovia_n the_o hundred_o and_o seven_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o radzanow_n a_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o plosko_fw-mi the_o hundred_o and_o eight_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o sieprcz_n or_o siepez_n a_o town_n in_o the_o same_o palatinate_n the_o hundred_o and_o nine_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o wissegrod_n a_o district_n and_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o masovia_n the_o hundred_o and_o ten_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o ripin_n a_o district_n and_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o dobrina_n the_o hundred_o and_o eleven_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o zacrol_n a_o district_n and_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o masovia_n the_o hundred_o and_o twelve_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o cickanow_n a_o district_n and_o town_n in_o the_o same_o palatinate_n the_o hundred_o and_o thirteen_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o liw_n or_o liwo_n a_o district_n and_o town_n in_o the_o same_o palatinate_n the_o hundred_o and_o fourteen_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o slonsk_n a_o district_n and_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o dobrina_n the_o hundred_o and_o fifteen_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o lubazow_n a_o town_n in_o royal_a prussia_n the_o hundred_o and_o sixteen_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o konarzew_n a_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o siradia_n the_o hundred_o and_o seventeen_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o konarzew_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o lanschet_fw-mi the_o hundred_o and_o eighteen_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o konarzew_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o cujavia_n office_n have_v thus_o go_v through_o the_o several_a precedency_n of_o the_o bishop_n palatine_n and_o castellan_n in_o the_o senate_n your_o grace_n may_v please_v to_o observe_v that_o a_o palatin_n can_v be_v a_o castellan_n of_o the_o same_o place_n whereof_o he_o be_v palatin_a nor_o can_v either_o of_o they_o two_o be_v a_o starosta_n or_o any_o other_o officer_n in_o the_o same_o palatinate_n or_o castellany_n except_o some_o few_o and_o all_o those_o of_o lithuania_n and_o prussia_n where_o the_o palatine_n govern_v whole_o by_o martial_a law_n neither_o can_v a_o palatin_n castellan_n or_o starosta_n have_v two_o command_n either_o of_o the_o same_o kind_a or_o any_o other_o at_o the_o same_o time_n it_o be_v likewise_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o no_o castellan_n can_v be_v burgrave_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n or_o any_o other_o castle_n whilst_o he_o be_v castellan_n polish_v in_o the_o polish_v tongue_n the_o castellan_n be_v call_v lord_n of_o a_o place_n by_o add_v only_o the_o termination_n of_o ki_n or_o ski_n to_o it_o as_o pan_n poznanski_n lord_n of_o posnan_n etc._n etc._n crown-officer_n last_o of_o all_o the_o lay_n senator_n come_v the_o ten_o crown-officer_n who_o stand_v about_o the_o throne_n on_o each_o side_n of_o the_o king_n their_o degree_n be_v as_o follow_v viz._n the_o great_a marshal_n or_o great_a steward_n of_o poland_n the_o great_a marshal_n or_o great_a steward_n of_o lithuania_n the_o great_a chancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o great_a chancellor_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o great_a treasurer_n of_o the_o crown_n the_o great_a treasurer_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o little_a marshal_n or_o court-marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o little_a marshal_n or_o court-marshal_n of_o the_o duchy_n precede_v here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o five_o senator-officer_n of_o lithuania_n have_v the_o same_o dignity_n and_o power_n with_o those_o of_o the_o kingdom_n except_o that_o they_o give_v place_n to_o the_o former_a but_o first_o for_o lay-senator_n the_o hundred_o and_o nineteen_o lay-senator_n who_o be_v the_o great_a marshal_n or_o great_a steward_n of_o poland_n office_n his_o office_n be_v to_o prepare_v every_o thing_n for_o the_o general_a diet_n either_o by_o command_n of_o the_o king_n or_o the_o primate_n to_o assign_v station_n for_o the_o several_a member_n to_o exclude_v such_o as_o be_v none_o and_o to_o provide_v lodging_n for_o foreign_a minister_n and_o moreover_o to_o take_v care_n that_o all_o be_v safe_a where_o that_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o state_n be_v to_o convene_v likewise_o to_o set_v prize_n upon_o all_o vendible_n and_o to_o moderate_v public_a show_n authority_n he_o may_v punish_v offender_n and_o seditious_a person_n even_o with_o death_n without_o be_v subject_n to_o a_o appeal_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o a_o matter_n of_o very_a great_a consequence_n he_o have_v the_o authority_n to_o impose_v silence_n and_o to_o give_v liberty_n to_o speak_v he_o have_v a_o power_n to_o admonish_v a_o senator_n or_o deputy_n if_o he_o exceed_v the_o bound_n of_o modesty_n in_o his_o harangue_n his_o business_n be_v to_o promulgate_v the_o act_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o to_o put_v in_o execution_n the_o king_n decree_n either_o in_o case_n of_o infamy_n or_o death_n his_o duty_n be_v privilege_n also_o to_o carry_v a_o staff_n erect_v
king_n revenue_n arise_v within_o their_o district_n and_o may_v discount_n a_o four_o part_n for_o their_o trouble_n jurisdiction_n the_o starostas_fw-la without_o jurisdiction_n be_v those_o who_o be_v proper_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o exercise_v justice_n unless_o in_o very_o slight_a case_n office_n burgraves_n and_o tribune_n have_v the_o custody_n of_o castle_n fort_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v to_o keep_v constant_a guard_n there_o either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o deputy_n these_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o starostas_fw-la starostaship_n the_o revenue_n of_o starostaship_n partly_o arise_v from_o agriculture_n and_o partly_o from_o manufacture_n and_o handicraft_n they_o have_v be_v sometime_o know_v to_o have_v be_v mortgage_v to_o raise_v the_o king_n revenue_n more_o speedy_o especial_o those_o without_o jurisdiction_n what_o here_o likewise_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o mine_n call_v zuppars_n in_o polish_v may_v be_v take_v notice_n of_o who_o have_v divers_a officer_n and_o substitute_n under_o they_o the_o minor_a ecclesiastical_a and_o temporal_a officer_n and_o person_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v in_o all_o respect_n like_v to_o those_o of_o other_o nation_n i_o have_v purposely_o omit_v they_o thus_o my_o lord_n i_o have_v go_v through_o the_o several_a particular_n which_o i_o propose_v to_o entertain_v your_o grace_n and_o the_o public_a with_o yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n can_v but_o be_v high_o sensible_a of_o my_o presumption_n in_o prefix_v your_o great_a name_n to_o so_o imperfect_a a_o account_n therefore_o hope_v your_o grace_n pardon_n upon_o a_o humble_a acknowledgement_n i_o beg_v leave_v to_o subscribe_v myself_o my_o lord_n your_o grace_n most_o obedient_a and_o most_o humble_a servant_n j._n s._n letter_n iii_o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a james_n vernon_n esq_n principal_a secretary_n of_o state_n of_o the_o grand_a diet_n little_a diet_n and_o other_o general_a assembly_n in_o poland_n with_o a_o account_n of_o all_o the_o several_a court_n of_o justice_n from_o the_o high_a to_o the_o low_a as_o likewise_o of_o the_o judge_n law_n and_o punishment_n in_o that_o kingdom_n sir_n a._n the_o present_a king_n in_o his_o throne_n bb._n the_o ten_o crown_n officer_n c._n the_o a_o bp._n of_o gnesna_n with_o the_o the_o cross_n bear_v behind_o he_o dddd_n the_o other_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n eeeee_o foreign_a ambassador_n admit_v only_o to_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n ffffff_n the_o palatine_n &_o castellan_n in_o the_o three_o row_v on_o each_o side_n gggggg_n the_o deputy_n s_o in_o the_o two_o back_n row_v on_o each_o side_n h._n the_o nuncio_n martial_n or_o speaker_n of_o deputy_n s._n four_o vacant_a seat_n for_o such_o other_o as_o be_v sometime_o admit_v 1._o the_o arm_n of_o poland_n 2._o the_o arm_n of_o lithuania_n sir_n be_v the_o grand_a diet_n or_o parliament_n of_o poland_n by_o the_o native_n call_v seym_n walny_n be_v a_o assembly_n of_o the_o king_n senators_z and_o nuncio_n or_o deputy_n of_o every_o province_n meet_v together_o in_o any_o city_n or_o town_n of_o poland_n or_o lithuania_n in_o order_n to_o deliberate_v upon_o state_n affair_n and_o the_o mean_n to_o secure_v and_o preserve_v the_o kingdom_n both_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o war._n meet_a it_o be_v the_o king_n or_o during_o a_o inter_fw-la regnum_fw-la the_o primate_n who_o have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o convoke_v this_o great_a assembly_n as_o likewise_o to_o determine_v the_o place_n where_o and_o the_o time_n when_o it_o shall_v sit_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o king_n be_v oblige_v to_o call_v a_o diet_n every_o three_o year_n and_o of_o every_o three_o successive_o call_v two_o must_v be_v hold_v in_o poland_n most_o common_o at_o warsaw_n and_o the_o three_o in_o lithuania_n in_o the_o city_n of_o grodno_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o troki_n twenty_o league_n from_o vilna_n capital_a of_o this_o great_a duchy_n so_o that_o every_o nine_o year_n the_o king_n with_o all_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n of_o the_o kingdom_n go_v into_o lithuania_n and_o every_o three_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n of_o lithuania_n come_v into_o poland_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o diet_n be_v be_v hold_v in_o lithuania_n be_v because_o the_o lithuanian_n complain_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a inconvenient_a for_o they_o to_o come_v so_o far_o as_o poland_n thereupon_o when_o the_o king_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o convoke_v this_o general_a meeting_n he_o be_v to_o send_v out_o circular_a letter_n six_o week_n before_o the_o time_n he_o appoint_v for_o its_o session_n by_o the_o constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1613._o to_o all_o the_o palatine_n of_o the_o province_n acquaint_v they_o with_o his_o design_n together_o with_o the_o time_n he_o intend_v it_o shall_v meet_v he_o send_v they_o likewise_o a_o list_n of_o all_o the_o affair_n and_o article_n which_o be_v to_o be_v treat_v of_o in_o that_o diet._n whereupon_o every_o palatin_n or_o his_o deputy_n in_o his_o own_o respective_a government_n forthwith_o dispatch_v notice_n to_o all_o the_o castellan_n starostas_n and_o other_o gentry_n require_v they_o at_o a_o certain_a time_n to_o meet_v together_o in_o order_n to_o deliberate_v on_o the_o article_n and_o affair_n propose_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n as_o likewise_o to_o choose_v a_o nuncio_n or_o deputy_n to_o represent_v their_o intention_n and_o decision_n in_o the_o great_a diet._n these_o letter_n be_v proclaim_v by_o a_o herald_n call_v by_o the_o pole_n wozny_n and_o afterward_o past_v up_o upon_o all_o the_o town-gate_n and_o church-door_n these_o assembly_n in_o the_o province_n be_v term_v by_o they_o comitiola_n in_o the_o polish_v language_n seymiki_n or_o little_a diet_n in_o case_n of_o extremity_n six_o week_n notice_n need_v not_o be_v give_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o year_n 1638._o meet_v the_o several_a place_n these_o little_a diet_n meet_v at_o be_v as_o follow_v poland_n in_o lower_n or_o great_a poland_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o posuan_n and_o kalisch_n siradia_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o sroda_n schadkow_n in_o the_o castellany_n of_o vielunia_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o vielun_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o lanschet_fw-mi bresty_n and_o inowlocz_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o lanschet_fw-mi radzieiow_n appoint_a by_o the_o 257._o constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1510._o in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o dobrina_n the_o little_a diet_n meet_v in_o the_o town_n of_o ripin_n appoint_a by_o the_o constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1567._o in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o plosko_fw-mi rava_n in_o three_o place_n in_o the_o city_n &_o town_n of_o radzanow_n rava_n sochaczow_n gombin_n podlachia_n masovia_n in_o the_o province_n of_o podlachia_n in_o three_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o droghiczin_n mielnik_n bransko_n masovia_n in_o ten_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o cirna_n warsaw_n wisna_n wissegrod_n zakrol_n ciekanow_n lombze_n rozan_n liw_n and_o nur._n little-poland_n in_o the_o province_n of_o upper_a or_o little_o poland_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o cracovia_n in_o two_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o zator_n for_o the_o duchy_n of_o oswieczin_n and_o prossovia_n for_o the_o palatinate_n by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o year_n 1667._o in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o sendomir_n and_o lublin_n in_o the_o city_n &_o town_n of_o opatow_n and_o lublin_n lithuania_n in_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o vilna_n in_o four_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o vilna_n osmian_n wilcomitz_n braclaw_n troki_n in_o five_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o troki_n grodno_n cowno_n lida_n ponienwiez_n polocz_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o polocz_n novogrodec_n in_o two_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o slonim_n wolkowizko_n witebsko_fw-mi in_o two_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o witebsko_n orska_n briescia_n or_o polesia_n in_o two_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o briescia_n pinsko_n mscislaw_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o msceislaw_n minsk_n in_o three_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o minsk_n modzir_fw-it reczycza_fw-it prussia_n in_o the_o province_n of_o prussia_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o pomerania_n marienburg_n culm_n elbing_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o imprimis_fw-la in_o all_o the_o district_n then_o in_o stargar-stuma_a die_v michalovia_n and_o graudentz_n elbing_n russia_n in_o the_o province_n of_o russia_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o russia_n in_o five_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o leopol_n praemislaw_n sanoch_n halitz_n chelm_fw-ge belsko_fw-mi podolia_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o belsko_n caminiec_fw-la since_o caminiec_n be_v take_v by_o the_o turk_n its_o little_a diet_n meet_v at_o leopol_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o kiovia_n braclaw_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o
which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o he_o be_v often_o bribe_v either_o by_o the_o king_n foreign_a prince_n or_o some_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n proceed_v on_o the_o day_n prefix_v for_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o diet_n the_o king_n with_o all_o the_o senator_n and_o nuncios_fw-la go_v to_o hear_v a_o sermon_n which_o be_v end_v he_o retire_v into_o the_o senate_n where_o he_o be_v several_o salute_v by_o the_o member_n thereof_o and_o the_o nuncios_fw-la retire_v likewise_o into_o their_o house_n call_v by_o the_o pole_n izba_n poselska_n confer_v together_o about_o elect_v a_o speaker_n during_o which_o the_o last_o speaker_n or_o marshal_n officiate_n till_o a_o new_a one_o be_v choose_v and_o then_o be_v oblige_v to_o resign_v his_o staff_n to_o the_o marshal_n elect_v who_o be_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a before_o he_o enter_v upon_o his_o office_n proceed_n when_o the_o marshal_n or_o speaker_n be_v elect_v he_o with_o all_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o province_n go_v to_o kiss_v the_o king_n hand_n in_o the_o diet-chamber_n where_o his_o majesty_n sit_v on_o a_o throne_n erect_v for_o that_o purpose_n then_o the_o chancellor_n in_o the_o king_n name_n propose_v all_o the_o point_n to_o be_v debate_v in_o the_o diet_n and_o desire_v the_o senator_n and_o nobility_n to_o take_v they_o into_o consideration_n whereupon_o the_o king_n immediate_o leave_v they_o lest_o his_o presence_n may_v be_v a_o awe_n upon_o they_o and_o then_o the_o senator_n retire_v into_o their_o room_n by_o themselves_o and_o the_o nuncios_fw-la into_o they_o by_o they_o call_v izba_n poselska_n they_o forthwith_o set_v about_o deliberate_v on_o the_o article_n propose_v hauteville_n here_z sir_n i_o may_v remark_n a_o pleasant_a reflection_n of_o hauteville_n in_o his_o account_n of_o poland_n where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o pole_n employ_v more_o time_n in_o drink_v and_o feast_v than_o in_o debate_v matter_n of_o state_n for_o that_o they_o never_o think_v on_o that_o work_n till_o they_o begin_v to_o want_v money_n to_o buy_v hungarian_a wine_n deputy_n after_o the_o chancellor_n have_v thus_o propose_v to_o the_o diet_n in_o the_o king_n name_n all_o the_o article_n they_o be_v to_o go_v upon_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o nuncios_fw-la likewise_o on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o deputy_n present_n to_o the_o king_n what_o they_o desire_v of_o his_o majesty_n which_o be_v 1._o to_o make_v void_a all_o intrenchment_n either_o upon_o the_o state_n or_o the_o people_n and_o 2._o to_o bestow_v all_o vacant_a office_n upon_o person_n of_o worth_n and_o merit_n authority_n this_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n have_v a_o great_a authority_n over_o they_o in_o the_o diet_n for_o he_o it_o be_v that_o command_v silence_n among_o they_o and_o who_o transmits_n all_o their_o request_n to_o the_o king_n or_o senate_n and_o see_v that_o by_o his_o power_n he_o can_v either_o animate_v or_o moderate_v they_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o if_o he_o be_v a_o person_n of_o no_o ordinary_a esteem_n and_o that_o the_o court_n always_o endeavour_n by_o various_a favour_n to_o secure_v he_o for_o their_o friend_n house_n the_o manner_n of_o proceed_n in_o the_o nuncios_fw-la house_n be_v much_o the_o same_o as_o in_o the_o little_a diet_n no_o body_n offer_v his_o opinion_n there_o till_o have_v first_o ask_v leave_v of_o the_o marshal_n who_o alone_o introduce_v all_o messenger_n from_o the_o king_n senators_z army_z or_o foreign_a prince_n and_o answer_v they_o all_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o house_n if_o any_o disserence_n arise_v among_o the_o nuncios_fw-la or_o other_o tumult_n be_v raise_v by_o the_o spectator_n he_o cause_v silence_n immediate_o by_o strike_v his_o staff_n against_o the_o ground_n power_n the_o two_o order_n be_v thus_o separate_v there_o be_v nevertheless_o frequent_a intercourse_n between_o they_o as_o be_v between_o our_o two_o most_o honourable_a house_n the_o nuncios_fw-la have_v a_o power_n of_o impeach_v all_o magistrate_n and_o officer_n for_o male_a administration_n and_o to_o put_v the_o king_n in_o mind_n as_o often_o as_o they_o think_v fit_a of_o his_o coronation-oath_n moreover_o the_o nuncios_fw-la power_n and_o authority_n appear_v the_o great_a in_o that_o no_o constitution_n or_o law_n be_v of_o any_o validity_n or_o force_n that_o be_v not_o first_o begin_v in_o their_o house_n nay_o their_o marshal_n be_v to_o be_v the_o first_o starter_n of_o all_o law_n and_o when_o conclude_v upon_o it_o be_v his_o office_n only_o to_o read_v they_o before_o the_o senate_n for_o this_o reason_n in_o the_o year_n 1668._o the_o marshal_n protest_v against_o a_o certain_a law_n because_o it_o be_v first_o concert_v in_o the_o senate_n but_o what_o be_v more_o to_o be_v admire_v than_o all_o this_o be_v that_o the_o dissent_n of_o one_o single_a nuncio_n be_v sufficient_a to_o annul_v the_o whole_a proceed_n and_o to_o occasion_v the_o diet_n to_o be_v dissolve_v encourage_v to_o confirm_v this_o authority_n and_o for_o the_o further_o security_n of_o the_o nuncios_fw-la sigismond_n i._o in_o the_o year_n 1510._o ordain_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v high_a treason_n to_o injure_v any_o member_n of_o the_o diet_n though_o he_o afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1539._o restrain_v this_o law_n to_o the_o royal_a person_n but_o which_o notwithstanding_o john_n casimir_n in_o some_o measure_n renew_v in_o the_o year_n 1649._o privilege_n 1649._o if_o one_o of_o these_o nuncios_fw-la commit_v any_o crime_n he_o be_v to_o be_v try_v only_o by_o his_o fellow-member_n this_o privilege_n of_o the_o nuncios_fw-la begin_v a_o month_n before_o and_o last_v as_o long_o after_o the_o diet._n committee_n upon_o some_o occasion_n the_o marshal_n assign_v committee_n of_o these_o nuncios_fw-la who_o be_v to_o transact_v apart_o such_o matter_n as_o be_v entrust_v to_o they_o sit_v the_o nuncios_fw-la remain_v in_o their_o house_n till_o the_o five_o day_n before_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o diet_n when_o they_o be_v all_o to_o go_v to_o the_o senate_n et_fw-la sic_fw-la comitia_fw-la ad_fw-la patres_fw-la transfer_v dicuntur_fw-la but_o if_o within_o the_o time_n assign_v by_o the_o law_n they_o find_v they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o finish_v their_o business_n they_o humble_o petition_v the_o king_n that_o the_o diet_n may_v be_v prorogue_v employ_v whilst_o the_o nuncios_fw-la be_v thus_o provide_v for_o the_o public_a good_a in_o their_o house_n the_o king_n and_o senate_n do_v not_o pass_v their_o time_n idle_o in_o they_o for_o after_o the_o chancellor_n have_v give_v the_o charge_n to_o the_o low_a house_n and_o they_o be_v retire_v he_o together_o with_o the_o senator_n tries_z criminal_a cause_n for_o a_o whole_a week_n which_o be_v end_v there_o be_v several_a other_o matter_n assign_v for_o certain_a day_n until_o the_o low_a house_n bring_v up_o bill_n to_o be_v debate_v low_a near_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o diet_n and_o before_o the_o senator_n and_o nuncios_fw-la be_v join_v the_o marshal_n of_o the_o low_a house_n in_o a_o set_a speech_n give_v thanks_o to_o the_o deputy_n for_o the_o honour_n and_o favour_n they_o have_v confer_v upon_o he_o and_o be_v answer_v by_o one_o of_o the_o nuncios_fw-la in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o rest_n who_o return_v he_o their_o acknowledgement_n for_o his_o faithful_a execution_n of_o his_o office_n join_v when_o the_o nuncios_fw-la be_v come_v to_o the_o upper_a house_n their_o marshal_n or_o speaker_n sit_v on_o a_o form_n below_o the_o senator_n marshal_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o deputy_n stand_v behind_o the_o other_o senator_n who_o be_v seat_v all_o in_o their_o order_n be_v thus_o join_v they_o proceed_v to_o confirm_v create_v or_o abrogate_v law_n no_o body_n speak_v here_o without_o have_v first_o obtain_v leave_n of_o the_o great_a marshal_n marshal_n in_o this_o meeting_n the_o nuncio-marshal_n power_n be_v at_o a_o end_n his_o office_n be_v then_o officiate_v by_o the_o great_a marshal_n either_o of_o poland_n or_o lithuania_n or_o in_o their_o absence_n by_o some_o other_o of_o the_o senator_n officer_n the_o great_a marshal_n have_v authority_n not_o only_o to_o check_v a_o nuncio_n but_o also_o a_o senator_n in_o speak_v if_o he_o exceed_v his_o bound_n he_o also_o in_o case_n of_o great_a disorder_n impose_v silence_n by_o strike_v his_o staff_n on_o the_o ground_n opinion_n in_o case_n of_o controversy_n the_o king_n always_o suspend_v his_o opinion_n till_o the_o difference_n be_v reconcile_v this_o the_o king_n henry_n and_o stephen_n promise_v faithful_o to_o observe_v as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o book_n of_o their_o law_n page_n 254._o law_n to_o establish_v a_o law_n or_o constitution_n in_o the_o diet_n the_o deputy_n must_v first_o propose_v it_o by_o their_o marshal_n and_o then_o the_o king_n and_o senate_n be_v to_o approve_v of_o it_o but_o however_o before_o it_o
can_v have_v any_o force_n it_o must_v be_v review_v by_o the_o great_a marshal_n and_o two_o deputy_n or_o by_o three_o senator_n and_o six_o deputy_n have_v be_v thus_o review_v it_o be_v read_v out_o in_o the_o diet_n by_o the_o nuncio_n marshal_n after_o which_o the_o chancellor_n demand_n with_o a_o low_a voice_n if_o the_o king_n senate_n and_o deputy_n consent_v to_o apply_v the_o seal_n which_o be_v answer_v in_o the_o affirmative_a it_o be_v present_o seal_v and_o enroll_v among_o the_o act_n in_o the_o register_n of_o warsaw_n and_o this_o by_o the_o care_n of_o the_o deputy_n marshal_n who_o be_v to_o see_v it_o do_v soon_o after_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o session_n after_o this_o one_o of_o the_o king_n secretary_n be_v to_o get_v it_o print_v and_o disperse_v among_o the_o several_a little_a diet_n and_o tribunal_n all_o over_o the_o kingdom_n print_v it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o where_o the_o diet_n have_v be_v dissolve_v through_o the_o obstinacy_n of_o any_o particular_a member_n no_o law_n or_o constitution_n can_v be_v commit_v to_o the_o press_n whereupon_o in_o the_o year_n 1665._o the_o nuncios_fw-la severe_o reprove_v their_o marshal_n for_o but_o suffer_v they_o to_o be_v transcribe_v where_o the_o session_n have_v be_v adjourn_v the_o same_o law_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o all_o decree_n of_o the_o diet_n for_o immediate_o after_o the_o publish_n of_o they_o by_o the_o referendary_a they_o be_v to_o be_v transcribe_v sign_v seal_v and_o print_v those_o decree_n that_o concern_v the_o treasury_n be_v to_o be_v sign_v only_o by_o a_o prothonotary_n appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n limit_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o diet_n ought_v never_o to_o sit_v above_o six_o week_n and_o the_o gentry_n be_v so_o very_o exact_a in_o observe_v this_o privilege_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o that_o time_n be_v expire_v they_o send_v their_o marshal_n to_o take_v leave_v of_o the_o king_n in_o their_o name_n and_o moreover_o to_o acquaint_v he_o that_o they_o intend_v to_o wait_v on_o he_o to_o kiss_v his_o hand_n which_o they_o be_v admit_v to_o do_v soon_o after_o they_o be_v so_o obstinate_o bend_v upon_o defend_v this_o custom_n that_o though_o the_o urgency_n of_o state_n require_v never_o so_o short_a a_o continuance_n of_o the_o diet_n after_o the_o time_n prescribe_v yet_o they_o always_o vigorous_o oppose_v it_o as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o year_n 1649._o when_o the_o tartar_n and_o cosacks_n have_v almost_o overrun_v the_o kingdom_n wherefore_o the_o reason_n i_o suppose_v why_o the_o member_n of_o the_o diet_n be_v so_o punctual_a in_o observe_v this_o constitution_n above_o any_o other_o be_v because_o by_o that_o time_n their_o money_n general_o be_v spend_v and_o other_o provision_n which_o they_o bring_v in_o wagon_n from_o home_n as_o beer_n wine_n meat_n fowl_n etc._n etc._n consume_v by_o the_o great_a train_n of_o guard_n and_o other_o domestic_n which_o they_o have_v with_o they_o diet_n the_o affair_n general_o treat_v of_o in_o the_o grand_a diet_n be_v either_o a_o king_n election_n or_o his_o marriage_n send_v ambassador_n to_o foreign_a prince_n declare_v war_n or_o make_v peace_n impose_v tax_n to_o carry_v on_o a_o war_n make_v alliance_n with_o other_o prince_n and_o all_o other_o state_n affair_n likewise_o all_o suit_n of_o law_n between_o private_a person_n have_v their_o last_o appeal_n from_o the_o tribunal_n to_o the_o diet_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o difference_n adjust_v by_o they_o between_o the_o order_n of_o malta_n and_o prince_n demetrius_n wiesnowiski_n who_o withhold_v possession_n of_o what_o be_v give_v by_o his_o brother-in-law_n the_o duke_n of_o ostrog_n to_o this_o order_n also_o in_o criminal_a case_n they_o judge_v and_o condemn_v as_o they_o do_v those_o who_o assassinate_v gonczeski_n lieutenant_n general_n of_o lithuania_n who_o have_v all_o their_o head_n cut_v off_o by_o proceed_n in_o this_o court_n treason_n in_o case_n of_o high-treason_n the_o pole_n say_v their_o king_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o trial_n of_o any_o traitor_n and_o therefore_o the_o marshal_n lubomirski_n complain_v of_o john_n casimir'_v condemn_v he_o in_o the_o diet_n for_o contumacy_n also_o they_o do_v not_o general_o admit_v the_o nuncios_fw-la at_o that_o time_n though_o stephen_n batori_fw-la at_o a_o diet_n hold_v at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o year_n 1582._o cause_v they_o to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o trial_n of_o shorowski_n for_o treason_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v all_o be_v witness_n of_o the_o injustice_n do_v he_o poland_n it_o be_v likewise_o in_o the_o diet_n that_o stranger_n be_v naturalize_v and_o native_n of_o the_o country_n who_o be_v not_o freeborn_a be_v make_v gentleman_n former_o no_o person_n be_v capable_a of_o this_o honour_n but_o such_o only_a as_o have_v serve_v in_o the_o war_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n or_o else_o who_o have_v do_v some_o other_o good_a service_n to_o the_o state_n but_o now_o there_o need_v no_o other_o merit_n or_o good_a quality_n than_o to_o be_v rich_a enough_o to_o purchase_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o court_n or_o the_o protection_n of_o some_o great_a man._n they_o that_o pretend_v to_o the_o indigenat_n that_o be_v to_o be_v make_v noble_a have_v no_o more_o to_o do_v than_o to_o apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o nuncio-marshal_n who_o have_v the_o power_n to_o put_v their_o name_n into_o the_o roll_n of_o those_o that_o desire_v to_o be_v make_v polish_v gentleman_n after_o which_o they_o be_v to_o give_v in_o a_o note_n of_o their_o genealogy_n name_n surname_n family_n and_o service_n and_o to_o put_v their_o arm_n in_o the_o middle_a when_o they_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o accept_v by_o the_o diet_n and_o have_v get_v their_o patent_n sign_v they_o be_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n before_o the_o same_o marshal_n to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o their_o king_n and_o country_n and_o whereof_o the_o marshal_n afterward_o give_v they_o a_o certificate_n stand_v nevertheless_o though_o the_o candidate_n be_v declare_v noble_a by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o three_o order_n yet_o be_v he_o capable_a only_o of_o mean_a employment_n and_o to_o have_v a_o vote_n among_o the_o gentry_n it_o not_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n to_o bestow_v either_o on_o he_o or_o his_o child_n any_o important_a preferment_n till_o the_o three_o generation_n be_v past_a and_o the_o republic_n be_v thereby_o satisfy_v of_o their_o fidelity_n loyalty_n and_o affection_n for_o their_o country_n diet._n though_o no_o other_o person_n but_o the_o king_n senate_n and_o nuncios_fw-la can_v have_v any_o business_n or_o vote_n in_o the_o diet_n yet_o vast_a number_n of_o other_o people_n still_o flock_v thither_o also_o most_o common_o foreign_a prince_n choose_v then_o to_o send_v their_o ambassador_n according_a to_o the_o interest_n they_o have_v to_o maintain_v in_o the_o diet._n at_o this_o time_n likewise_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o nobility_n that_o have_v wherewithal_o to_o appear_v in_o any_o sort_n of_o grandeur_n meet_v here_o together_o with_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n though_o they_o have_v no_o other_o business_n than_o to_o see_v and_o be_v see_v it_o be_v then_o their_o son_n get_v acquaint_v with_o other_o of_o the_o young_a gentry_n and_o often_o be_v marry_v to_o some_o of_o the_o young_a lady_n that_o come_v in_o like_a manner_n to_o be_v observe_v and_o to_o get_v husband_n in_o short_a the_o diet_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o general_a rendezvouz_n of_o all_o the_o people_n of_o quality_n in_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o man_n and_o woman_n as_o child_n so_o that_o what_o city_n soever_o the_o diet_n sit_v in_o there_o be_v always_o thirty_o thousand_o and_o sometime_o forty_o thousand_o person_n more_o than_o there_o use_v to_o be_v notwithstanding_o nevertheless_o provision_n be_v not_o very_o scarce_o by_o reason_n that_o every_o gentleman_n almost_o bring_v his_o necessary_n along_o with_o he_o nay_o the_o great_a part_n send_v their_o fuel_n and_o provender_n for_o their_o horse_n by_o the_o river_n vistula_n to_o warsaw_n when_o they_o come_v from_o that_o side_n of_o the_o country_n there_o be_v likewise_o several_a gentleman_n that_o always_o come_v from_o germany_n sweden_n and_o other_o adjacent_a country_n to_o see_v this_o general_a meeting_n which_o be_v a_o fine_a sight_n and_o the_o only_a thing_n that_o be_v worth_a observe_v in_o poland_n night_n at_o this_o time_n there_o be_v always_o such_o a_o crowd_n of_o soldier_n heyduke_n and_o footman_n in_o the_o street_n that_o it_o be_v not_o safe_a to_o be_v abroad_o after_o day_n shut_v in_o for_o fear_n of_o be_v robe_v or_o stripe_v naked_a as_o happen_v almost_o every_o night_n for_o the_o polish_v gentry_n give_v so_o very_o short_a allowance_n to_o their_o guard_n and_o servant_n
the_o church_n and_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n be_v oblige_v to_o be_v assist_v to_o they_o in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o sentence_n as_o often_o as_o they_o shall_v be_v so_o require_v nunciature_n to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n belong_v the_o court_n of_o nunciature_n hold_v by_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n for_o that_o purpose_n always_o reside_v in_o poland_n however_o before_o he_o can_v have_v any_o jurisdiction_n he_o must_v have_v present_v the_o king_n and_o the_o principal_a minister_n of_o state_n with_o the_o apostolic_a brief_n of_o his_o nunciature_n court_n the_o civil_a jurisdiction_n be_v divide_v among_o divers_a sort_n of_o judge_n and_o belong_v to_o the_o commonalty_n as_o well_o as_o gentry_n some_o of_o these_o determine_v cause_n exempt_a from_o appeal_n and_o other_o can_v tribunal_n those_o from_o who_o there_o lie_v no_o appeal_n be_v the_o three_o hightribunal_n institute_v by_o stephen_n batori_n the_o judge_n whereof_o be_v all_o gentry_n two_o of_o these_o tribunal_n be_v for_o the_o kingdom_n and_o one_o for_o the_o great_a duchy_n those_o for_o the_o kingdom_n keep_v their_o session_n six_o month_n at_o petricovia_n in_o low_a poland_n and_o the_o other_o six_o at_o lublin_n in_o high_a poland_n that_o for_o the_o great_a duchy_n be_v alternative_o one_o year_n at_o vilna_n and_o another_o either_o at_o novogrodec_n or_o minski_n they_o all_o consist_v of_o so_o many_o judge_n both_o ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a choose_v out_o of_o every_o palatinate_n the_o former_a once_o in_o four_o year_n and_o the_o latter_a once_o in_o two_o judgement_n be_v pronounce_v here_o by_o plurality_n of_o voice_n but_o where_o matter_n be_v pure_o ecclesiastical_a there_o ought_v to_o be_v as_o many_o of_o the_o clergy_n as_o the_o laity_n the_o cause_n here_o be_v hear_v in_o order_n for_o three_o day_n be_v allow_v to_o enter_v all_o that_o come_v and_o whatever_o be_v not_o enter_v within_o that_o time_n can_v be_v adjudge_v that_o sit_v a_o man_n that_o have_v a_o trial_n in_o these_o court_n may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v all_o the_o nation_n for_o his_o judge_n deputy_n both_o ecclesiastical_a and_o temporal_a be_v send_v thither_o for_o that_o purpose_n from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n green-cloth_n the_o senate_n also_o judge_n of_o civil_a or_o criminal_a matter_n without_o appeal_n as_o do_v likewise_o the_o great_a marshal_n in_o all_o case_n relate_v to_o the_o king_n officer_n and_o the_o great_a chancellor_n in_o matter_n of_o appeal_n to_o the_o court_n which_o they_o have_v only_a cognisance_n of_o but_o the_o marshal_n jurisdiction_n extend_v over_o all_o merchant_n and_o stranger_n both_o who_o find_v but_o little_a justice_n do_v they_o in_o poland_n when_o they_o have_v occasion_n for_o it_o court_v also_o there_o be_v two_o exchequer_n court_v for_o the_o revenue_n one_o hold_v at_o radom_n in_o high_a poland_n and_o the_o other_o at_o vilna_n these_o court_n seldom_o sit_v above_o a_o fortnight_n or_o three_o week_n appeal_n those_o that_o be_v not_o exempt_a from_o appeal_n be_v the_o court_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o commonalty_n in_o every_o palatinate_n which_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o have_v any_o of_o the_o clergy_n for_o judge_n those_o for_o the_o gentry_n be_v either_o the_o court_n of_o land-judicature_n or_o those_o of_o the_o starostas_n and_o be_v more_o or_o few_o in_o number_n according_a to_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o palatinate_n where_o they_o be_v hold_v judge_n the_o court_n of_o land-judicature_n have_v one_o judge_n a_o associate_n and_o a_o natory_n or_o head-clerk_n to_o try_v cause_n and_o administer_v all_o civil_a justice_n in_o some_o place_n four_o in_o other_o six_o time_n a_o year_n and_o in_o other_o once_o a_o month._n the_o courseof_o these_o court_n can_v only_o be_v interrupt_v by_o the_o death_n of_o any_o of_o their_o judge_n by_o the_o diet_n or_o by_o the_o general_a meeting_n of_o the_o palatine_n and_o magistrate_n which_o last_o be_v every_o autumn_n to_o hear_v appeal_n from_o inferior_a court_n the_o town_n where_o the_o gentry_n sit_v be_v in_o great_a number_n and_o it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o none_o who_o have_v land_n or_o good_n within_o each_o jurisdiction_n can_v be_v make_v to_o appear_v at_o a_o court_n where_o they_o have_v none_o court_n the_o immediate_a appeal_n from_o these_o court_n be_v to_o the_o vice-chamberlain_n of_o the_o palatinate_n who_o either_o by_o himself_o or_o his_o deputy_n the_o chamberlain_n of_o that_o district_n restore_v all_o that_o have_v be_v dispossess_v and_o ascertain_v all_o bound_n and_o limit_n of_o land_n this_o be_v as_o it_o be_v his_o whole_a jurisdiction_n but_o where_o there_o be_v any_o contest_v between_o the_o king_n and_o any_o of_o the_o gentry_n in_o this_o kind_a then_o at_o their_o request_n appeal_n commissioner_n be_v appoint_v out_o of_o the_o senate_n to_o inspect_v the_o matter_n dispute_v and_o to_o do_v justice_n therein_o likewise_o where_o the_o difference_n be_v between_o the_o king_n and_o a_o clergyman_n commissioner_n be_v order_v but_o there_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o diocese_n claim_v the_o nomination_n of_o one_o or_o more_o of_o they_o when_o any_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o court_n of_o land-judicature_n die_v the_o king_n can_v name_v other_o till_o the_o district_n to_o which_o they_o belong_v have_v choose_v four_o out_o of_o the_o housekeeper_n but_o then_o he_o may_v pitch_v upon_o one_o for_o each_o election_n this_o office_n be_v once_o obtain_v it_o can_v be_v forfeit_v but_o by_o a_o high_a promotion_n or_o male_a administration_n court_n the_o other_o court_n for_o the_o gentry_n be_v those_o that_o take_v cognizance_n of_o criminal_a case_n whereof_o there_o be_v one_o only_o in_o every_o starostaship_n call_v sudy_a grodskie_n where_o either_o the_o starosta_n himself_o or_o his_o lieutenant-criminal_a administer_v justice_n in_o his_o castle_n or_o some_o other_o public_a place_n at_o least_o every_o six_o week_n he_o likewise_o have_v cognisance_n of_o civil_a cause_n between_o such_o as_o have_v no_o land_n and_o such_o foreigner_n as_o come_v to_o trade_n here_o process_n in_o criminal_a case_n be_v to_o be_v serve_v here_o a_o fortnight_n and_o in_o civil_a a_o week_n before_o the_o court_n sit_v office_n he_o be_v also_o the_o executive_a minister_n of_o all_o sentence_n pronounce_v and_o likewise_o a_o sole_a conservator_n of_o the_o peace_n within_o his_o territory_n he_o be_v oblige_v by_o himself_o or_o his_o officer_n to_o see_v all_o public_a execution_n perform_v the_o court_n of_o the_o commonalty_n be_v either_o in_o city_n or_o village_n city_n in_o city_n justice_n be_v administer_v by_o the_o scabin_n town-hall_n or_o judg-advocate_n the_o scabin_n have_v cognisance_n of_o all_o capital_a offence_n and_o criminal_a matter_n the_o town-hall_n of_o all_o civil_a case_n to_o which_o likewise_o the_o gentry_n be_v subject_a and_o the_o judg-advocate_n of_o offence_n commit_v by_o soldier_n civil_a matter_n of_o small_a moment_n be_v determine_v sole_o by_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n but_o which_o be_v subject_a to_o appeal_v to_o the_o town-hall_n and_o thence_o to_o the_o king_n village_n in_o village_n the_o commonalty_n be_v subject_a to_o scabin_n be_v the_o king_n officer_n and_o to_o scultet_n or_o peculiar_a lord_n from_o which_o last_o lie_v no_o appeal_n here_o justice_n be_v almost_o arbitrary_a except_o in_o criminal_a case_n the_o scultet_n be_v hereditary_a judge_n the_o execution_n of_o all_o sentence_n in_o city_n and_o town_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o its_o own_o magistrate_n though_o in_o some_o case_n they_o be_v force_v to_o beg_v assistance_n from_o the_o starostas_fw-la court_v the_o officer_n and_o magistrate_n of_o the_o plebeian_n court_n be_v some_o name_v by_o their_o peculiar_a lord_n and_o some_o elect_v by_o their_o fellow_n citizen_n except_o in_o cracow_n only_o where_o the_o palatine_a have_v a_o right_a of_o choose_v the_o magistrate_n though_o he_o have_v not_o the_o same_o power_n to_o dis-place_n they_o after_o they_o be_v once_o choose_v for_o they_o be_v to_o continue_v their_o office_n for_o life_n unless_o they_o forfeit_v it_o by_o infamy_n or_o inability_n out_o of_o the_o xxiv_o compose_v the_o council_n or_o senate_n of_o cracow_n the_o palatine_a every_o year_n depute_v eight_o with_o the_o title_n and_o power_n of_o president_n he_o also_o name_v the_o judge_n and_o scabins_n by_o the_o magdeburg_n law_n though_o these_o in_o other_o city_n be_v choose_v by_o the_o council_n the_o scultet_n or_o hereditary_a judge_n can_v be_v remove_v but_o in_o extraordinary_a case_n profit_n the_o profit_n of_o all_o office_n be_v but_o very_o small_a and_o scarce_o any_o certain_a the_o pole_n esteem_v the_o honour_n of_o enjoy_v they_o sufficient_a recompense_n nevertheless_o they_o have_v all_o salary_n and_o perquisites_n though_o inconsiderable_a jurisdiction_n the_o military_a
then_o they_o proceed_v to_o institute_v the_o court_n call_v kaptur_n treat_v of_o before_o interregnum_fw-la this_o diet_n consist_v of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n who_o represent_v the_o king_n person_n and_o the_o other_o senator_n together_o with_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o province_n 275._o in_o case_n there_o be_v no_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n when_o the_o king_n die_v the_o office_n of_o inter-rex_a come_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n and_o next_o to_o the_o bishop_n of_o posnan_n and_o so_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o lower_n poland_n which_o in_o this_o respect_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o high_a though_o in_o nothing_o else_o yet_o however_o they_o may_v grant_v away_o their_o power_n as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o inter-regnum_n before_o the_o election_n of_o the_o late_a king_n when_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n officiate_v during_o the_o whole_a interregnum_fw-la by_o a_o common_a consent_n of_o those_o bishop_n proceed_n 291._o some_o of_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n be_v dispatch_v to_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n to_o remain_v with_o they_o and_o to_o be_v assist_v to_o they_o with_o their_o counsel_n in_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o war._n some_o senator_n and_o deputy_n likewise_o be_v appoint_v to_o inspect_v the_o crown-treasure_n deposit_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n and_o to_o take_v a_o inventory_n thereof_o which_o they_o be_v afterward_o to_o report_v to_o the_o diet._n this_o treasure_n be_v common_o commit_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o eight_o senator_n who_o be_v the_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n the_o palatine_n of_o cracovia_n posnania_n vilna_n sendomir_n kalisch_n and_o troki_n together_o with_o the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n each_o have_v his_o particular_a seal_n and_o key_n and_o therefore_o none_o to_o act_v without_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o also_o commissioner_n be_v send_v to_o inform_v themselves_o of_o the_o king_n crown-revenue_n which_o they_o be_v likewise_o to_o make_v their_o report_n of_o during_o this_o session_n and_o till_o a_o new_a king_n be_v proclaim_v the_o republic_n 306._o claim_v the_o title_n of_o most_o serene_a from_o all_o sovereign_a prince_n and_o crown_v head_n although_o hautaville_n say_v he_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n write_v to_o this_o diet_n of_o election_n have_v not_o falute_v they_o with_o that_o title_n but_o only_o express_v himself_o in_o these_o term_n to_o our_o dear_a and_o well_o belove_a friend_n and_o ally_n the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n two_o whilst_o this_o diet_n sit_v which_o by_o the_o law_n be_v not_o to_o be_v above_o a_o fortnight_n without_o prorogation_n and_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o circular_a letter_n to_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n all_o court_n of_o justice_n cease_v except_o only_o that_o of_o the_o marshal_n which_o continue_v as_o before_o and_o a_o court_n establish_v to_o 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manner_n hurry_v away_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o multitude_n which_o be_v so_o great_a that_o prasmowski_n than_o primate_n be_v force_v to_o proclaim_v he_o though_o he_o know_v that_o the_o republic_n at_o that_o juncture_n have_v need_n of_o both_o a_o rich_a and_o valiant_a king_n neither_o of_o which_o that_o prince_n can_v in_o the_o least_o pretend_v to_o be_v he_o be_v no_o soon_o proclaim_v but_o the_o chancellor_n begin_v to_o insinuate_v that_o he_o owe_v his_o crown_n to_o he_o nor_o be_v it_o a_o difficult_a task_n for_o he_o to_o impose_v on_o a_o prince_n who_o be_v easy_o govern_v and_o who_o have_v always_o show_v more_o good_a nature_n than_o judgement_n diet_n after_o the_o diet_n of_o convocation_n end_v the_o nuncios_fw-la and_o deputy_n retire_v to_o their_o several_a country_n where_o they_o acquaint_v the_o gentry_n be_v a_o second_o time_n assemble_v in_o their_o little_a diet_n of_o the_o proceed_n in_o this_o general_a convocation_n and_o particular_o 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as_o for_o those_o that_o have_v suffrage_n in_o this_o election_n it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o diet_n have_v in_o general_a as_o likewise_o the_o deputy_n of_o some_o particular_a city_n especial_o the_o great_a one_o of_o prussia_n which_o former_o have_v not_o only_a place_n among_o the_o nuncios_fw-la but_o also_o in_o the_o senate_n as_o for_o the_o lesser_a the_o bishop_n of_o varmia_n general_o subscribe_v in_o their_o name_n there_o be_v other_o who_o have_v pretend_v to_o but_o have_v be_v deny_v a_o vote_n in_o the_o election_n as_o the_o duke_n of_o prussia_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o curland_n when_o they_o be_v only_a tributary_n to_o poland_n the_o king_n son_n also_o be_v exclude_v from_o a_o vote_n though_o they_o shall_v be_v dignify_v with_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n soldiers_z likewise_o be_v refuse_v a_o suffrage_n though_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o they_o lay_v claim_v to_o such_o a_o privilege_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n choose_v out_o of_o the_o gentry_n when_o the_o cosack_v once_o pretend_v to_o it_o but_o who_o be_v reject_v with_o contempt_n be_v look_v upon_o to_o be_v no_o better_o than_o the_o scum_n or_o dregs_o of_o the_o populace_n conventa_fw-la at_o the_o time_n of_o this_o election_n the_o diet_n apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o conservation_n of_o their_o right_n and_o liberty_n for_o this_o be_v the_o best_a time_n to_o secure_v their_o constitution_n and_o privilege_n and_o to_o prevent_v any_o abuse_n of_o or_o breach_n in_o their_o law_n for_o which_o purpose_n they_o be_v always_o then_o very_o busy_a in_o make_v new_a law_n not_o only_o to_o preserve_v but_o likewise_o enlarge_v their_o prerogative_n as_o soon_o therefore_o as_o their_o king_n be_v elect_v they_o propose_v to_o he_o certain_a article_n or_o capitulation_n to_o be_v agree_v to_o before_o he_o can_v be_v proclaim_v these_o article_n they_o call_v pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la be_v proper_o a_o contract_n between_o the_o king_n and_o people_n which_o he_o swear_v afterward_o to_o keep_v inviolable_a before_o the_o altar_n in_o the_o church_n of_o st._n john_n at_o warsaw_n ambassador_n provide_v the_o elect_a king_n be_v a_o foreign_a prince_n then_o must_v his_o ambassador_n who_o represent_v he_o sign_z these_o article_n and_o take_v this_o oath_n for_o he_o thus_o at_o the_o election_n of_o henry_n of_o valois_n his_o ambassador_n john_n de_fw-fr monluc_n bishop_n of_o valence_n be_v oblige_v to_o come_v to_o the_o diet_n where_o after_o the_o condition_n to_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o new_a king_n his_o master_n be_v read_v to_o he_o he_o sign_v they_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o say_v henry_n and_o of_o charles_n ix_o his_o brother_n king_n of_o france_n then_o be_v he_o conduct_v to_o st._n john_n church_n where_o after_o take_v the_o abovesaid_a oath_n his_o master_n henry_n of_o valois_n be_v proclaim_v king_n of_o poland_n by_o the_o great_a marshal_n the_o eighteent_n of_o may_n in_o the_o year_n 1573._o afterward_o according_a to_o custom_n in_o these_o case_n ambassador_n be_v send_v by_o the_o republic_n to_o take_v the_o oath_n from_o that_o king_n in_o person_n at_o paris_n which_o they_o do_v on_o the_o ten_o of_o september_n follow_v this_o be_v the_o method_n prescribe_v by_o the_o law_n for_o swear_v to_o observe_v the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la yet_o which_o be_v not_o always_o punctual_o observe_v for_o king_n michael_n and_o john_n sobieski_n take_v that_o oath_n several_a day_n after_o their_o election_n administer_v the_o form_n of_o this_o agreement_n or_o capitulation_n be_v draw_v up_o and_o methodise_v by_o order_n of_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o they_o make_v the_o decree_n of_o election_n after_o which_o the_o three_o order_n viz._n the_o king_n elect_v or_o his_o ambassador_n the_o senate_n and_o deputy_n go_v to_o the_o church_n where_o the_o chancellor_n or_o grand_a marshal_n read_v distinct_o with_o a_o audible_a voice_n the_o whole_a contract_n as_o follow_v article_n 1._o that_o the_o king_n shall_v not_o assume_v to_o himself_o the_o quality_n of_o heir_n of_o poland_n nor_o will_v appoint_v any_o to_o be_v his_o successor_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a will_v preserve_v and_o maintain_v inviolable_a the_o law_n and_o constitution_n make_v for_o the_o free_a election_n of_o a_o king_n 2._o that_o he_o will_v pretend_v to_o no_o right_n of_o coin_v money_n but_o will_v entire_o leave_v that_o power_n and_o the_o profit_n thereof_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o republic_n 3._o that_o he_o will_v ratify_v and_o confirm_v all_o the_o former_a article_n of_o peace_n make_v with_o foreign_a prince_n 4._o that_o he_o will_v make_v it_o his_o principal_a care_n to_o preserve_v and_o maintain_v the_o quiet_a and_o tranquillity_n of_o the_o public_a 5._o that_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o diet_n he_o will_v not_o
it_o be_v practise_v in_o the_o last_o election_n with_o as_o much_o brevity_n and_o succinctness_n as_o possible_a and_o which_o be_v as_o follow_v swear_v after_o the_o king_n have_v thus_o be_v conduct_v into_o the_o church_n the_o ceremony_n forthwith_o begin_v first_o the_o archbishop_n in_o a_o short_a oration_n exhort_v the_o king_n to_o continue_v steadfast_a in_o the_o roman_a communion_n to_o exercise_v all_o regal_a and_o princely_a virtue_n and_o last_o to_o remunerate_v his_o obligation_n to_o the_o republic_n by_o a_o just_a and_o inviolable_a administration_n of_o the_o government_n after_o which_o the_o archbishop_n ask_v he_o to_o this_o effect_n in_o latin_a will_v you_o support_v and_o maintain_v the_o holy_a catholic_n faith_n and_o uphold_v it_o by_o good_a work_n to_o which_o the_o king_n answer_v i_o will_n then_o the_o archbishop_n ask_v he_o again_o will_v you_o protect_v and_o defend_v the_o church_n and_o their_o minister_n answer_n i_o will_n then_o the_o archbishop_n again_o will_v you_o govern_v and_o rule_v the_o kingdom_n commit_v by_o god_n to_o your_o charge_n according_a to_o equity_n and_o justice_n answer_n i_o will_n then_o the_o king-elect_a kneel_v and_o kiss_v the_o archbishops_n hand_n and_o lay_v his_o own_o upon_o the_o evangelist_n swear_v to_o perform_v all_o that_o he_o have_v before_o swear_v to_o observe_v at_o st._n john_n church_n at_o warsaw_n with_o some_o other_o particular_n that_o induce_v i_o to_o repeat_v the_o form_n which_o run_v thus_o oath_n we_o frederic_n augustus_n due_o elect_a king_n of_o poland_n great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n and_o duke_n of_o russia_n prussia_n masovia_n samogitia_n kiovia_n volhynia_n podolia_n podlachia_n livonia_n smolensko_n severia_n and_o czernicovia_n by_o all_o the_o order_n of_o both_o state_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n and_o by_o all_o the_o province_n incorporate_v and_o depend_v thereupon_o do_v sincere_o promise_v and_o swear_v before_o almighty_a god_n and_o 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archbishop_n deliver_v a_o draw_a sword_n into_o his_o right_a hand_n with_o these_o word_n receive_v this_o sword_n and_o cordial_o protect_v and_o defend_v the_o holy_a church_n against_o all_o unbeliever_n then_o the_o king_n deliver_v the_o sword_n to_o the_o great_a swordbearer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o have_v put_v it_o up_o in_o its_o scabbard_n return_v it_o to_o the_o archbishop_n who_o then_o gird_v it_o to_o the_o king_n side_n whereupon_o the_o king_n immediate_o rise_v and_o draw_v it_o again_o flourish_v it_o three_o time_n over_o his_o head_n to_o signify_v that_o he_o will_v defend_v the_o trinity_n and_o church_n against_o all_o unbeliever_n he_o this_o be_v do_v the_o king_n kneel_v again_o and_o the_o archbishop_n put_v the_o crown_n after_o a_o very_a solemn_a manner_n on_o his_o head_n which_o the_o two_o bishop_n bear_v up_o with_o their_o hand_n till_o the_o archbishop_n have_v say_v certain_a prayer_n after_o which_o the_o archbishop_n put_v the_o sceptre_n into_o the_o king_n right_a hand_n and_o the_o globe_n into_o his_o left_a when_o the_o king_n rise_v his_o sword_n be_v give_v again_o to_o the_o swordbearer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o bear_v before_o he_o enthrone_v after_o this_o his_o majesty_n be_v bring_v back_o between_o the_o archbishop_n and_o the_o two_o bishop_n to_o the_o throne_n wherein_o he_o be_v forthwith_o place_v by_o the_o archbishop_n with_o these_o word_n sit_v and_o maintain_v the_o place_n give_v you_o by_o god_n etc._n etc._n the_o king_n be_v thus_o seat_v the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n return_v to_o the_o altar_n where_o they_o sing_v te_fw-la deum_fw-la which_o be_v end_v and_o the_o archbishop_n sit_v down_o by_o the_o altar_n the_o king_n come_v and_o offer_v he_o gold_n kiss_v his_o hand_n and_o have_v make_v his_o confession_n to_o he_o receive_v the_o sacrament_n and_o benediction_n from_o he_o king_n thus_o the_o ceremony_n be_v at_o a_o end_n the_o archbishop_n rises_z and_o give_v his_o benediction_n to_o all_o present_a when_o the_o court-marshal_n with_o a_o loud_a voice_n cry_v out_o vivat_fw-la rex_fw-la vivat_fw-la rex_fw-la which_o signal_n be_v take_v from_o he_o by_o the_o people_n all_o the_o church_n soon_o ring_v with_o the_o same_o joyful_a note_n after_o which_o the_o great_a treasurer_n scatter_v a_o great_a number_n of_o coronation-medal_n among_o the_o people_n and_o the_o gun_n begin_v to_o roar_v out_o their_o satisfaction_n in_o what_o have_v be_v do_v when_o the_o king_n forthwith_o return_v to_o his_o court_n with_o great_a pomp_n and_o magnificence_n thereupon_o the_o coronation_n be_v thus_o complete_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o day_n be_v spend_v in_o various_a kind_n of_o feast_n and_o rejoice_n among_o which_o there_o be_v one_o very_o particular_a in_o the_o king_n court_n where_o they_o roast_v three_o whole_a ox_n stuff_v and_o lard_v with_o divers_a kind_n of_n fatten_v wild_a beast_n when_o they_o also_o give_v a_o great_a many_o hogshead_n of_o wine_n and_o beer_n
large_a black_a velvet_n pall_v throw_v over_o it_o with_o a_o cross_n of_o red_a satin_n in_o the_o middle_a and_o six_o long_a black_a silk_n tassel_n hang_v down_o from_o it_o which_o be_v bear_v up_o by_o as_o many_o of_o the_o decease_a person_n be_v domestic_n all_o in_o close_o mourn_v before_o the_o chariot_n march_v several_a priest_n monk_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o people_n each_o of_o which_o carry_v a_o white_a wax_n torch_n light_v in_o his_o hand_n next_o to_o who_o and_o immediate_o before_o the_o hearse_n come_v three_o man_n on_o horseback_n who_o carry_v the_o arm_n of_o the_o decease_a one_o his_o sword_n another_o his_o lance_n and_o the_o three_o his_o dart._n proceed_n the_o procession_n thus_o set_v out_o march_v very_o slow_o in_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o usual_o come_v late_o to_o the_o church_n after_o the_o burial-service_n be_v over_o those_o that_o carry_v the_o armour_n enter_v the_o church_n on_o horseback_n and_o furious_o ride_v up_o to_o the_o coffin_n break_v the_o arm_n of_o the_o decease_a thereupon_o after_o which_o the_o body_n be_v inter_v then_o they_o return_v to_o the_o house_n where_o there_o be_v always_o a_o great_a feast_n prepare_v when_o the_o lay-guest_n will_v not_o only_o drink_v to_o excess_n but_o likewise_o force_v the_o clergy_n to_o follow_v their_o example_n innterment_n here_o it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o observe_v something_o relate_v to_o the_o interment_n of_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o poland_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o king_n die_v he_o be_v lay_v upon_o a_o bed_n of_o state_n and_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o the_o senator_n both_o ecclesiastical_a and_o temporal_a be_v appoint_v to_o attend_v about_o his_o corpse_n the_o republic_n also_o order_v all_o necessary_a expense_n relate_v hereunto_o to_o be_v levy_v out_o of_o the_o crown_n revenue_n a_o decease_a queen_n likewise_o have_v the_o same_o ceremony_n and_o honour_n as_o a_o king_n for_o queen_n mary_n ludovica_n wife_n to_o john_n casimir_n be_v carry_v from_o the_o suburb_n of_o warsaw_n where_o she_o die_v to_o the_o castle_n where_o she_o lie_v in_o state_n till_o she_o be_v carry_v to_o cracow_n to_o be_v bury_v death_n it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o entertain_v your_o lordship_n with_o the_o manner_n of_o her_o death_n there_o be_v something_o observable_a in_o it_o she_o die_v of_o a_o defluxion_n upon_o her_o lung_n or_o of_o a_o consumption_n occasion_v by_o excess_n of_o passion_n on_o account_n of_o a_o contest_v she_o have_v have_v with_o the_o chancellor_n patz_n about_o something_o she_o have_v propose_v to_o he_o which_o he_o will_v not_o consent_v to_o this_o princess_n love_v so_o dear_o to_o intermeddle_v with_o and_o to_o govern_v the_o state_n sole_o according_a to_o her_o fancy_n that_o she_o be_v not_o a_o little_a jealous_a when_o the_o king_n her_o husband_n speak_v to_o any_o other_o woman_n and_o that_o chief_o for_o fear_v he_o may_v incline_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o another_o more_o than_o herself_o this_o your_o lordship_n may_v imagine_v give_v he_o no_o great_a cause_n to_o be_v concern_v at_o her_o death_n for_o at_o the_o very_a instant_a of_o her_o expire_n he_o post_v away_o to_o a_o mistress_n he_o have_v former_o love_v but_o who_o he_o dare_v not_o have_v speak_v to_o during_o his_o queen_n life_n poland_n as_o mourn_v be_v not_o only_o a_o necessary_a circumstance_n but_o also_o the_o sequel_n of_o a_o funeral_n so_o i_o think_v myself_o oblige_v here_o to_o give_v some_o short_a account_n of_o it_o the_o mourn_v of_o the_o man_n be_v much_o like_o we_o only_o differ_v according_a to_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o country_n but_o the_o woman_n of_o quality_n be_v general_o apparel_v in_o a_o sort_n of_o coarse_a black_a stuff_n and_o their_o linen_n be_v not_o much_o fine_a than_o canvas_n and_o the_o great_a the_o quality_n always_o the_o coarse_a the_o linen_n and_o stuff_n this_o habit_n do_v not_o misbecome_v widow_n that_o be_v both_o young_a and_o handsome_a it_o may_v here_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o senator_n deputy_n and_o all_o other_o that_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o appear_v at_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n must_v be_v in_o black_a though_o the_o fashion_n of_o the_o several_a country_n of_o foreigner_n be_v not_o require_v in_o like_a manner_n to_o be_v alter_v pole_n for_o the_o other_o custom_n of_o eat_v and_o drink_v among_o the_o pole_n both_o at_o feast_n and_o elsewhere_o they_o be_v various_a but_o first_o i_o must_v give_v some_o account_n of_o the_o edible_n and_o potable_n their_o ordinary_a meat_n be_v beef_n and_o veal_n for_o mutton_n they_o do_v not_o value_v and_o general_o give_v it_o to_o their_o servant_n they_o have_v great_a store_n of_o grey_a but_o no_o red_a partridge_n a_o great_a many_o hare_n but_o no_o rabit_n for_o they_o will_v soon_o eat_v a_o cat_n than_o these_o last_o they_o have_v it_o be_v true_a some_o white_a rabbit_n which_o they_o breed_v tame_a for_o the_o sake_n of_o their_o fur_n in_o poland_n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o roe-buck_n but_o few_o stag_n abundance_n of_o wild_a boar_n hog_n poultry_n pigeon_n and_o the_o like_a but_o as_o for_o wild-foul_a they_o have_v great_a store_n indeed_o in_o summer_n but_o none_o in_o winter_n as_o in_o other_o country_n when_o they_o be_v best_a they_o have_v a_o great_a many_o wild_a ox_n which_o when_o moderate_o salt_v be_v great_a dainty_n with_o they_o oxen._n the_o manner_n of_o hunt_v these_o wild_a ox_n it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a here_o to_o give_v some_o short_a account_n of_o when_o they_o have_v surround_v the_o beast_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o horseman_n each_o of_o they_o ride_v up_o to_o he_o and_o dart_n he_o with_o a_o arrow_n when_o the_o beast_n feel_v himselfwounded_a eager_o pursue_v its_o enemy_n while_o another_o person_n dart_v he_o from_o behind_o he_o turn_v in_o great_a rage_n after_o that_o person_n and_o then_o another_o dart_v he_o as_o likewise_o many_o other_o successive_o at_o length_n the_o poor_a beast_n be_v so_o tire_v with_o pursue_v so_o many_o assailant_n that_o he_o fall_v down_o and_o be_v easy_o take_v or_o kill_v they_o have_v another_o way_n of_o take_v they_o in_o the_o wood_n which_o be_v by_o cause_v the_o rustic_n to_o enclose_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o with_o tree_n feil_v down_o who_o also_o immediate_o raise_v up_o a_o stage_n for_o spectator_n when_o the_o hunter_n assign_v themselves_o every_o one_o a_o post_n and_o the_o beast_n be_v fright_v into_o the_o middle_a by_o dog_n and_o the_o great_a vociferation_n of_o the_o assailant_n as_o they_o move_v towards_o each_o person_n they_o be_v wound_v with_o dart_n which_o make_v they_o to_o run_v with_o great_a force_n against_o their_o enemy_n and_o find_v a_o opposition_n by_o the_o tree_n they_o endeavour_v to_o force_v their_o way_n whilst_o the_o hunter_n from_o behind_o most_o common_o give_v they_o their_o death_n wound_n but_o if_o they_o happen_v to_o break_v through_o then_o the_o next_o hunter_n hold_v out_o a_o piece_n of_o red_a cloth_n which_o it_o seem_v this_o beast_n have_v a_o antipathy_n against_o forthwith_o leave_v that_o person_n and_o run_v at_o the_o other_o who_o be_v provide_v for_o he_o most_o common_o kill_v he_o or_o in_o case_n of_o danger_n his_o neighbour_n have_v recourse_n to_o the_o aforesaid_a stratagem_n which_o never_o fail_v of_o divert_v the_o fury_n of_o this_o wild_a beast_n it_o may_v be_v also_o observe_v that_o this_o beast_n have_v a_o power_n of_o draw_v a_o man_n to_o he_o with_o his_o tongue_n it_o be_v rough_a if_o he_o can_v but_o reach_v any_o part_n of_o his_o coat_n or_o the_o like_a dainty_n near_o the_o mountain_n of_o hungary_n there_o be_v also_o wild_a goat_n which_o they_o admire_v mighty_o for_o meat_n they_o likewise_o make_v a_o fine_a dish_n as_o they_o think_v it_o of_o beaver_n tail_n but_o throw_v away_o the_o body_n they_o likewise_o eat_v bear_n paw_n when_o pickle_v for_o dainty_n when_o they_o take_v or_o kill_v elk_n they_o do_v not_o gut_n they_o for_o fourteen_o or_o fifteen_o day_n afterward_o and_o sometime_o in_o winter_n not_o in_o a_o whole_a month._n when_o the_o great_a man_n come_v to_o the_o diet_n they_o common_o bring_v these_o with_o their_o skin_n and_o gut_n and_o hang_v they_o at_o their_o window_n some_o five_o or_o six_o at_o a_o time_n until_o they_o turn_v rank_n like_o venison_n then_o they_o roast_v some_o and_o dress_v other_o like_o beef_n a_o la_fw-fr mode_n this_o be_v esteem_v delicious_a meat_n and_o none_o but_o great_a man_n table_n have_v it_o the_o manner_n of_o take_v bear_n also_o i_o presume_v may_v not_o be_v unacceptable_a to_o your_o lordship_n bear_n they_o be_v general_o take_v with_o net_n even_o
and_o be_v arm_v with_o dart_n and_o sabres_fw-es and_o if_o they_o please_v they_o may_v wear_v wing_n and_o feather_n those_o out_o of_o armour_n which_o be_v the_o four_o sort_n of_o horse_n wear_v a_o burka_n or_o rough_a mantle_n about_o their_o neck_n and_o have_v for_o arm_n a_o bow_n and_o arrow_n with_o a_o sabre_n these_o be_v the_o most_o numerous_a of_o all_o and_o compose_v the_o main_a body_n of_o the_o army_n call_z d_o by_o the_o pole_n woysko_n the_o number_n of_o these_o be_v always_o determine_v by_o the_o diet._n neither_o these_o nor_o the_o other_o ever_o wear_v livery_n as_o in_o most_o country_n because_o they_o be_v all_o polish_v gentleman_n these_o be_v they_o better_a discipline_v and_o better_o pay_v will_v perhaps_o be_v the_o fine_a cavalry_n in_o the_o world_n foot_n as_o for_o the_o foot_n they_o be_v either_o pole_n and_o lithuanian_n or_o foreigner_n levy_v chief_o in_o germany_n and_o hungary_n the_o zaporohensian_a cosack_n former_o serve_v the_o 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the_o diet_n be_v to_o march_v against_o they_o so_o the_o turk_n once_o come_n towards_o poland_n with_o 600000_o man_n the_o king_n do_v not_o care_n to_o trust_v even_o to_o 70000_o hire_a foreigner_n but_o convoke_v the_o gentry_n together_o at_o leopol_n with_o who_o if_o he_o have_v set_v forward_o as_o speedy_o as_o he_o be_v advise_v he_o may_v have_v total_o extirpate_v the_o infidel_n for_o aught_o i_o know_v out_o of_o europe_n the_o gentry_n be_v oblige_v to_o be_v in_o arm_n as_o long_o as_o the_o king_n or_o state_n have_v occasion_n for_o they_o they_o all_o serve_v on_o horseback_n not_o only_o for_o honour_n sake_n but_o likewise_o that_o they_o may_v the_o more_o speedy_o intercept_v and_o oppose_v the_o enemy_n before_o they_o reach_v their_o frontier_n when_o the_o war_n be_v over_o the_o nobility_n be_v not_o ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la discharged_n but_o must_v wait_v till_o they_o be_v methodical_o dismiss_v the_o roll_n or_o register_n by_o the_o palatine_n the_o 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leisure_n to_o accomplish_v it_o himself_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o urgency_n of_o his_o profession_n desire_v of_o i_o to_o address_v it_o for_o he_o but_o upon_o a_o just_a reflection_n on_o the_o meanness_n of_o my_o ability_n and_o a_o awful_a regard_n to_o your_o lordship_n grandeur_n i_o find_v i_o have_v more_o than_o ordinary_a reason_n to_o decline_v it_o yet_o however_o upon_o balance_v your_o goodness_n with_o your_o great_a quality_n and_o consider_v my_o well_o mean_v at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o my_o attempt_n i_o hope_v i_o may_v not_o be_v so_o unfortunate_a as_o to_o offend_v if_o i_o undertake_v it_o and_o the_o rather_o because_o of_o the_o great_a conformity_n which_o the_o subject_n i_o be_v to_o write_v of_o have_v with_o the_o hope_n which_o the_o nation_n have_v in_o you_o my_o lord_n order_n your_o lordship_n will_v here_o find_v that_o this_o order_n be_v first_o found_v to_o reward_n and_o encourage_v great_a action_n and_o that_o particular_o in_o the_o german_a nation_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o have_v the_o title_n of_o teutonic_n for_o when_o the_o emperor_n frederic_n barberossa_n have_v engage_v in_o the_o crusade_n for_o recovery_n of_o the_o holy-land_n a_o great_a number_n of_o german_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n join_v his_o army_n as_o volunteer_n of_o this_o crusade_n be_v several_a other_o great_a prince_n of_o europe_n such_o as_o philip_n king_n of_o france_n richard_n i._o king_n of_o england_n frederic_n duke_n of_o suabia_n the_o duke_n of_o austria_n and_o bavaria_n philip_n earl_n of_o flanders_n plorant_fw-la earl_n of_o holland_n etc._n etc._n after_o this_o emperor_n death_n the_o german_n be_v before_o acon_n or_o ptolemais_n which_o they_o then_o besiege_v choose_v for_o their_o leader_n frederick_n duke_n of_o suabia_n second_o son_n to_o the_o aforesaid_a emperor_n and_o henry_n duke_n of_o brabant_n under_o these_o general_n they_o behave_v themselves_o so_o well_o both_o at_o the_o take_n of_o acon_n 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and_o those_o of_o curland_n on_o the_o other_o after_o this_o the_o envoy_n be_v permit_v to_o sit_v down_o to_o cover_v his_o head_n and_o have_v great_a civility_n pay_v he_o power_n this_o duke_n have_v all_o the_o regalia_z that_o the_o german_a sovereign_a prince_n have_v he_o coin_n money_n in_o his_o own_o name_n and_o have_v high_a and_o low_a justice_n over_o the_o nobleman_n of_o his_o country_n only_o in_o some_o extraordinary_a case_n appeal_n may_v be_v make_v to_o the_o court_n of_o poland_n court_n he_o have_v great_a demesn_n of_o which_o his_o revenue_n chief_o consist_v and_o keep_v a_o very_a pretty_a court_n have_v all_o his_o great_a officer_n as_o other_o prince_n have_v the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v officer_n the_o landhoff-meist_a or_o chief_a minister_n the_o high_a chancellor_n the_o supreme_a marshal_n and_o the_o supreme_a burgrave_n these_o be_v the_o four_o great_a state_n officer_n the_o more_o inferior_a be_v the_o councillor_n of_o state_n which_o be_v the_o supreme_a starostas_n whereof_o two_o be_v for_o curland_n viz._n the_o supreme_a starostas_n of_o goldingen_n and_o tuczkon_n and_o two_o for_o semigallia_n viz._n the_o supreme_a starostas_n of_o mittaw_n and_o selburg_n stagostas_n these_o staâ—ostas_n ought_v all_o to_o be_v noble_a native_n and_o landed-man_n next_o follow_v the_o governor_n of_o place_n military-officer_n etc._n etc._n gentry_n the_o gentry_n of_o this_o country_n be_v very_o ancient_a and_o very_a free_a be_v exceed_o jealous_a of_o suffer_v any_o upstart_n nobleman_n to_o come_v among_o they_o esteem_v nothing_o so_o much_o as_o ancient_a family_n and_o creation_n order_n before_o i_o proceed_v to_o give_v a_o far_a account_n of_o this_o country_n i_o must_v add_v a_o word_n or_o two_o more_o concern_v the_o livonian_a order_n and_o which_o i_o can_v not_o have_v do_v before_o unless_o i_o have_v break_v the_o chain_n of_o the_o connection_n choose_v the_o provincial_a master_n of_o this_o order_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o great_a chapter_n of_o prussia_n whereupon_o when_o in_o the_o year_n 1439._o the_o livonian_a knight_n have_v elect_v one_o henry_n a_o bukenode_n for_o their_o master_n they_o be_v force_v to_o give_v a_o reason_n for_o their_o have_v so_o do_v and_o notwithstanding_o be_v afterward_o oblige_v to_o submit_v to_o a_o new_a election_n in_o prussia_n comendador_n next_o the_o provincial_a master_n of_o the_o livonian_a order_n be_v the_o marshal_n of_o the_o order_n after_o who_o come_v the_o several_a commendador_n and_o the_o advocate_n the_o commendador_n be_v in_o number_n eleven_o whereof_o the_o two_o first_o be_v in_o curland_n and_o the_o three_o in_o semigallia_n order_n the_o advocate_n be_v nine_o two_o have_v be_v of_o curland_n and_o one_o of_o semigallia_n these_o knight_n have_v the_o title_n of_o the_o order_n of_o sword-bearer_n and_o their_o habit_n arm_n be_v a_o white_a mantle_n with_o a_o sword_n on_o the_o breast_n in_o pale_a and_o a_o star_n gules_a in_o chief_a but_o after_o their_o join_n with_o the_o teutonick_n order_n they_o have_v likewise_o their_o habit_n and_o cross_n curland_n for_o a_o geographical_a description_n of_o this_o country_n i_o must_v acquaint_v you_o sir_n that_o the_o two_o dutchy_n of_o curland_n and_o semigallia_n have_v these_o several_a principal_a city_n and_o town_n for_o i_o can_v meet_v with_o any_o sub-division_n into_o jalatinate_n or_o district_n as_o i_o have_v perform_v in_o poland_n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o curland_n be_v the_o several_a city_n and_o town_n of_o goldingen_n cap._n vinda_n bish_n pilten_n liba_n erdwalen_n angermund_n grubin_n tuczkon_v frawenburg_n vschwend_n talsen_n candaw_n durben_n hasenpot_n and_o oendange_v goldingen_n of_o all_o which_o the_o chief_a city_n be_v goldingen_n in_o latin_a goldinga_n a_o city_n that_o stand_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n weet_v about_o seven_o german_a mile_n from_o vinda_n or_o windaw_n to_o the_o west_n and_o near_o fifteen_o from_o mittaw_n in_o semigallia_n to_o the_o east_n this_o city_n have_v a_o large_a jurisdiction_n vinda_n vinda_n or_o windaw_n call_v by_o the_o pole_n kiescz_n be_v a_o city_n and_o palatinate_n it_o have_v a_o castle_n knight_n build_v on_o the_o seashore_n and_o which_o be_v former_o residence_n to_o the_o livonian_a knight_n as_o likewise_o the_o place_n where_o they_o convene_v their_o parliament_n or_o general_n assembly_n now_o it_o have_v usual_o a_o garrison_n of_o pole_n but_o which_o be_v nevertheless_o under_o command_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o curland_n this_o city_n be_v one_o of_o the_o seaport_n of_o curland_n the_o other_o be_v liba_n pilten_n pilten_a be_v a_o town_n and_o palatinate_n of_o this_o duchy_n who_o gentry_n be_v protestant_n and_o offer_v themselves_o to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n protection_n he_o endeavour_v to_o re-establish_a a_o popish_a bishop_n there_o this_o have_v former_o be_v a_o catholic_n bishopric_n who_o land_n they_o then_o possess_v whereupon_o they_o alter_v their_o resolution_n and_o forthwith_o submit_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o curland_n curland_n these_o be_v the_o rich_a gentry_n in_o this_o prince_n dominion_n whereof_o the_o principal_a family_n be_v those_o of_o maydel_n beher_n sacken_n mandevil_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o semigallia_n be_v the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o mittaw_n metropolis_n of_o these_o dominion_n bauske_n doblin_n selburg_n radziwiliski_n nithaw_n birze_n pozwole_v lunka_n dalen_n schudding_n pilkall_n beher_n nersten_a and_o salatt_n of_o all_o which_o the_o capital_a of_o this_o duchy_n and_o metropolis_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o curland_n dominion_n be_v mittaw_n mittaw_fw-mi in_o latin_a mittavia_n or_o mittovia_n the_o usual_a place_n of_o residence_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o curland_n this_o city_n be_v build_v on_o the_o river_n musza_n and_o be_v a_o pretty_a large_a place_n contain_v about_o twelve_o thousand_o inhabitant_n it_o have_v a_o weak_a wall_n though_o nevertheless_o a_o well_o castle_n fortify_v and_o stately_a castle_n with_o two_o bastion_n which_o be_v surround_v by_o marsh_n and_o defend_v by_o a_o strong_a and_o numerous_a garrison_n house_n the_o street_n of_o this_o city_n be_v not_o pave_v for_o want_v of_o stone_n and_o the_o citizen_n house_n be_v either_o of_o brick_n or_o timber_n as_o in_o poland_n place_n this_o place_n lie_v about_o seven_o polish_v miles_n from_o riga_n in_o regal_a livonia_n and_o only_o four_o from_o the_o prontier_n of_o samogitia_n conquer_a it_o have_v be_v twice_o take_v of_o late_a by_o the_o swede_n but_o have_v be_v since_o regain_v and_o be_v at_o present_a whole_o subject_a to_o its_o duke_n bauske_n bauske_n another_o strong_a city_n in_o this_o duchy_n which_o have_v a_o well_o fortify_v castle_n and_o a_o numerous_a garrison_n curland_n the_o religion_n of_o this_o country_n be_v general_o lutheran_n though_o there_o be_v some_o few_o roman_a catholic_n and_o calvinist_n there_o church_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o first_o the_o late_a duke_n at_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n request_n give_v leave_v for_o the_o build_n of_o two_o roman_n catholic_n church_n one_o at_o mittaw_n and_o the_o other_o at_o goldingen_n the_o jesuit_n pretend_v to_o have_v buy_v this_o cureteship_n of_o mittaw_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n to_o have_v settle_v there_o but_o nevertheless_o they_o be_v frequent_o oppress_v and_o their_o college_n be_v break_v down_o not_o long_o since_o yet_o notwithstanding_o they_o still_o subsist_v mittaw_n the_o duchess_n of_o curland_n have_v be_v all_o hitherto_o calvinist_n have_v always_o have_v one_o church_n at_o mittaw_n set_v a_o part_n for_o they_o and_o their_o religion_n where_o the_o calvinist_n and_o protestant_n of_o livonia_n as_o likewise_o the_o english_a merchant_n of_o riga_n come_v to_o exercise_n their_o devotion_n there_o be_v no_o liberty_n of_o conscience_n allow_v throughout_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n dominion_n except_o at_o stockholm_n only_o where_o the_o french_a huguenot_n have_v be_v permit_v to_o build_v a_o church_n curland_n as_o to_o the_o government_n of_o curland_n there_o be_v first_o parliament_n the_o parliament_n or_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o state_n of_o this_o duteby_n which_o be_v convene_v after_o this_o manner_n the_o duke_n as_o often_o as_o any_o urgency_n of_o state_n so_o require_v it_o send_v out_o his_o letter_n of_o summons_n to_o all_o the_o starostas_fw-la of_o his_o dominion_n together_o with_o a_o schedule_n of_o the_o point_n propose_v to_o be_v debate_v on_o require_v they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o to_o cause_v deputy_n or_o representative_n of_o the_o gentry_n to_o be_v forth_o with_o elect_v in_o their_o respective_a jurisdiction_n whereupon_o they_o be_v soon_o elect_v according_o and_o furnish_v with_o instruction_n from_o their_o elector_n how_o they_o shall_v behave_v themselves_o in_o like_a manner_n as_o in_o poland_n these_o afterward_o meet_v at_o mittaw_n together_o with_o the_o four_o supreme_a counsellor_n consult_v
general_n of_o the_o clergy_n how_o often_o and_o where_o convene_v 115._o minor_a clergy_n admit_v by_o deputy_n ib._n court_n of_o justice_n the_o kaptur_n what_o and_o its_o power_n 115._o ecclesiastical_a 116._o of_o nunciature_n ib._n high_a tribunal_n ib._n etc._n etc._n senate_n and_o green-cloth_n 117._o exchequer-court_n ib._n of_o land-judicature_n with_o its_o judge_n 118._o of_o the_o vice-chamberlain_n ib._n gentry_n criminal_a court_n 119._o commonalty-court_n in_o city_n ib._n in_o village_n 120._o where_o court_v of_o justice_n cease_v 129._o exception_n ib._n relate_v to_o court_n of_o justice_n in_o lithuania_n 224_o former_a judge_n there_o 225._o candidate_n for_o election_n what_o qualification_n require_v in_o he_o 140_o etc._n etc._n ceremony_n of_o the_o king_n swear_v to_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la 149_o etc._n etc._n of_o his_o enter_v cracow_n 154._o the_o interment_n of_o a_o decease_a king_n 155._o obsequy_n and_o procession_n 154._o procession_n at_o the_o coronation_n 156._o ceremony_n thereat_o ib._n farther_n particular_n ib._n etc._n etc._n coronation-oath_n 157._o word_n at_o kiss_v the_o book_n 159._o unction_n etc._n etc._n ib._n etc._n etc._n how_o pronounce_v king_n 161._o feast_n thereupon_o ibid._n ceremony_n of_o creation_n of_o teutonic_n knight_n 71._o *_o coronation_n king_n appoint_v the_o day_n 153._o place_n fix_v ib._n exception_n ib._n by_o who_o perform_v 155._o manner_n of_o crown_v 160._o enthron_v ibid._n curland_n bishop_n of_o vide_fw-la samogitia_n bishop_n of_o curland_n duchy_n its_o bound_n and_o extent_n 99_o *_o soil_v and_o former_a state_n ib._n etc._n etc._n *_o when_o whole_o conquer_v 100_o *_o convert_v by_o degree_n ib._n *_n its_o duke_n 105_o etc._n etc._n *_o duke_n vassal_n to_o poland_n 115_o *_o his_o privilege_n and_o power_n 116_o *_o revenue_n and_o court_n ibid._n *_o chief_z officer_n ibid._n *_o condition_n of_o gentry_n ib._n 117_o *_o geographical_a description_n 118_o *_o government_n 121_o *_o degree_n of_o demand_v justice_n 122_o *_o ecclesiastical_a court_n 123_o *_o city-court_n ibid._n *_o ministerial_a officer_n ibid._n *_o trade_n of_o curland_n ibid._n *_o corn_n in_o great_a request_n ibid._n *_o when_o curland_n be_v to_o revert_v to_o poland_n ibid._n *_o d._n diet_n grand_a of_o poland_n how_o resemble_v the_o english_a parliament_n 5._o what_o it_o be_v 6_o 83._o it_o be_v power_n ib._n by_o who_o call_v and_o where_o and_o how_o often_o meet_v ib._n manner_n of_o call_v it_o and_o proceed_n thereupon_o 84._o divide_v into_o three_o nation_n 91._o proceed_n at_o the_o open_n 95._o after_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o speaker_n ib._n proceed_n in_o the_o low_a house_n 96._o conference_n between_o the_o two_o house_n 95._o upper_a house_n how_o employ_v 96._o committee_n ib._n manner_n of_o break_v up_o session_n in_o the_o low_a house_n ib._n both_o house_n join_v ib._n diet_n session_n limit_v and_o wherefore_o 98_o etc._n etc._n matter_n general_o treat_v of_o 99_o great_a concourse_n there_o 101._o provision_n not_o scarce_o ib._n dangerous_a to_o be_v out_o a_o night_n 102._o visit_n unacceptable_a ib._n order_n of_o session_n in_o the_o diet_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n cause_n of_o disunion_n here_o 105._o by_o who_o soment_v ib._n great_a freedom_n of_o speech_n 108._o policy_n of_o conclude_a matter_n by_o a_o unanimous_a consent_n 110._o diet_n of_o convocation_n how_o summon_v 126._o proceed_v in_o little_a diet_n ib._n first_o proceed_n in_o this_o diet_n 128._o diet_n of_o election_n where_o hold_v etc._n etc._n 131_o etc._n etc._n first_o proceed_n there_o 133._o exorbitancy_n examine_v 135._o diet_n proceed_v to_o election_n 137_o etc._n etc._n farther_n particular_n thereof_o 138_o etc._n etc._n great_a concourse_n there_o and_o policy_n to_o bias_n they_o 139_o etc._n etc._n rule_n observe_v in_o election_n 141._o poland_n why_o preserve_v elective_a 142_o etc._n etc._n diet_n little_a where_o meet_v 84._o qualification_n for_o and_o manner_n of_o vote_v there_o 89._o proceed_n 90._o deputy_n representative_n of_o the_o gentry_n elect_v only_o by_o the_o gentry_n 6._o assume_v great_a liberty_n in_o the_o diet_n 34_o etc._n etc._n who_o and_o how_o many_o choose_a with_o their_o instruction_n 90._o how_o choose_v 91._o their_o number_n ib._n can_v be_v senator_n ib._n their_o salary_n ib._n when_o first_o send_v ib._n their_o power_n 95._o confirm_v and_o encourage_v ib._n their_o privilege_n 95_o etc._n etc._n how_o long_o sit_v 96._o have_v great_a guard_n at_o the_o diet_n 102._o awe_o the_o king_n and_o senate_n 104._o their_o business_n after_o diet_n of_o convocation_n 131._o dantzic_n privilege_n 23_o *_o where_o situate_a by_o who_o build_v and_o whence_o so_o call_v 42_o *_o how_o distant_a from_o other_o place_n ib._n etc._n etc._n *_o division_n and_o strength_n 43_o *_o one_o of_o the_o hanse-town_n ib._n *_n parish_n building_n street_n and_o garden_n 44_o *_o inhabitant_n their_o number_n and_o religion_n ib._n *_n church_n and_o town-house_n ib._n *_n magazine_n college_n exchange_n etc._n etc._n 45._o *_o jurisdiction_n and_o government_n ib._n *_n senator_n and_o their_o division_n ib._n *_n scabin_n syndic_n and_o burgrave_n 46_o *_o centum-viri_a and_o their_o power_n ib._n etc._n etc._n *_o city_n power_n and_o privilege_n 48_o *_o force_v by_o land_n and_o sea_n 49_o *_o how_o often_o take_v and_o regain_v 50_o *_o admit_v to_o vote_n in_o election_n of_o polish_v king_n 51_o *_o dutchy_n what_o in_o poland_n 174._o descent_n nature_n of_o they_o in_o poland_n 180._o child_n support_v their_o family_n however_o 181._o divine_n polish_v how_o far_o their_o learning_n extend_v 78._o *_o their_o divinity_n 79._o *_o e._n escheator_n his_o power_n 77._o ambassador_n send_v to_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n 129._o notify_v their_o arrival_n and_o how_o be_v receive_v ib._n etc._n etc._n 135_o etc._n etc._n other_o send_v from_o the_o republic_n 130._o caution_n to_o foreign_a minister_n ib._n etc._n etc._n what_o requisite_a in_o foreign_a minister_n 136._o what_o foreign_a ambassador_n be_v oblige_v to_o 179._o election_n decree_n of_o present_v the_o king_n 150._o exercise_n what_o practise_v in_o poland_n 202._o edibles_fw-fr what_o sort_v use_v among_o the_o pole_n 209._o odd_a dainty_n 210._o pottage_n and_o sauce_n 215._o crachat_n what_o and_o how_o make_v 216._o edibles_fw-fr among_o the_o rustic_n of_o lithuania_n 227._o meat_n and_o drink_n of_o the_o peasant_n in_o prussia_n 235._o f._n fast_n in_o poland_n how_o observe_v 51._o pole_n retain_v a_o rigid_a custom_n and_o wherefore_o 52._o faction_n foreign_a what_o promote_v they_o 106._o fashion_n present_v in_o poland_n 196._o what_o fur_n use_v ib._n some_o follow_v the_o french_a mode_n 197._o woman_n former_a and_o late_a fashion_n ib._n etc._n etc._n family_n polish_v what_o 202._o fowl_n sort_n in_o poland_n 211_o etc._n etc._n fish_n what_o kind_n the_o pole_n have_v 212._o feast_n custom_n thereat_o 216._o banquetting-hall_n ib._n etc._n etc._n particular_n of_o servant_n there_o 217._o feast_n make_v by_o turn_v 218._o foot_n polish_v what_o and_o how_o employ_v 13_o *_o hire_a and_o their_o condition_n ib._n etc._n etc._n *_o why_o so_o much_o use_v and_o arm_n and_o livery_n 14_o *_o hungarian_n when_o first_o hire_v 16_o *_o force_v polish_v cause_n that_o weaken_v it_o 18_o etc._n etc._n *_o other_o inconvenience_n that_o suppress_v it_o 21_o etc._n etc._n *_o mean_v to_o avoid_v these_o but_o overrule_v 24_o *_o g._n gentry_n polish_v court_v by_o european_a prince_n 3._o resolve_v thereupon_o 4._o equal_o noble_a 5._o seldom_o intermarry_v with_o commonalty_n ibid._n only_o capable_a of_o preferment_n 20_o 167._o have_v not_o equal_a claim_n to_o every_o preferment_n ib._n etc._n etc._n how_o keep_v in_o dependence_n on_o the_o king_n 22._o what_o prove_v equality_n among_o they_o 103._o no_o disgrace_n to_o be_v chastise_v 123._o their_o power_n and_o privilege_n 168._o can_v be_v apprehend_v till_o convict_v 168_o etc._n etc._n exception_n 169._o can_v be_v execute_v without_o the_o king_n consent_n 170._o need_v not_o quarter_v soldier_n ib._n etc._n etc._n other_o privilege_n 171._o need_v not_o pay_v tax_n till_o oblige_v by_o diet_n ib._n have_v pre-emption_a 172._o have_v one_o grievance_n ib._n how_o come_v by_o their_o privilege_n 172._o value_n no_o honour_n and_o why_o 173._o despise_v title_n of_o prince_n ib._n assume_v title_n when_o they_o travel_v 174._o further_a power_n 175._o what_o make_v they_o so_o great_a ib._n etc._n etc._n their_o excessive_a grandeur_n and_o magnificence_n 176._o gentry_n and_o citizen_n in_o lithuania_n 225._o gentry_n how_o far_o oblige_v to_o march_n 15_o *_o gentleman_n polish_v who_o 5._o gentlemen-pensioner_n 29._o a_o gentleman_n how_o make_v 188._o government_n mix_v establish_v in_o poland_n by_o what_o motive_n 6_o etc._n etc._n unhappy_a state_n of_o polish_v government_n 109._o a_o wonder_n how_o it_o can_v subsist_v 110._o
to_o be_v in_o english_a hand_n ibid._n *_o whence_o have_v its_o name_n 114_o *_o u._n vilna_n bishop_n of_o his_o diocese_n 43._o vilna_n castellan_n of_o prefer_v wherefore_o 55._o varmia_n bishop_n of_o his_o jurisdiction_n and_o see_v 44._o vote_n intend_a limitation_n like_a to_o produce_v a_o bad_a effect_n 104._o who_o have_v they_o in_o election_n of_o a_o king_n 144._o volunteer_n what_o in_o poland_n 17_o *_o example_n ib._n etc._n etc._n *_o select_v out_o of_o the_o gentry_n 18_o *_o university_n two_o in_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n 75_o *_o chief_a study_n there_o ibid._n *_o have_v no_o solid_a learning_n 78_o *_o w._n woman_n polish_v their_o former_a and_o late_a fashion_n 197._o very_o modest_a 200._o exception_n 201._o their_o liberty_n restrain_v ibid._n war_n two_o quality_n necessary_a there_o 26_o *_o z._n zuppars_n what_o 80._o vide_fw-la mine_n finis_fw-la from_o the_o year_n 550_o to_o the_o year_n 1698._o former_a power_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n a._n d._n 1574._o advantage_n thereby_o why_o european_a prince_n court_v the_o polish_v gentry_n nobility_n resolve_v thereupon_o abridge_v the_o ancient_a power_n of_o their_o prince_n and_o constitute_v a_o republic_n division_n of_o the_o people_n of_o poland_n the_o diet._n it_o be_v power_n motive_n for_o a_o mix_a government_n a_o motive_n ii_o motive_n iii_o motive_n advantage_n of_o a_o mix_a government_n division_n of_o the_o republic_n king_n present_a power_n and_o prerogatives_n his_o happiness_n unhappiness_n a_o great_a inconvenience_n to_o the_o state_n instance_n of_o pole_n affection_n to_o their_o king_n modern_a king_n power_n abroad_o and_o at_o home_o the_o great_a respect_n pay_v he_o his_o title_n and_o other_o prerogative_n his_o pension_n houshold-officer_n and_o guard_n queen_n consort_n court_n how_o maintain_v king_n patrimonial_a estate_n and_o perquisites_n late_a king_n be_v great_a riches_n the_o crown_n revenue_n queen_n revenue_n the_o king_n power_n limit_v in_o several_a respect_n nobility_n only_o capable_a of_o preferment_n other_o limitation_n of_o the_o king_n power_n inconvenience_n thereby_o why_o he_o be_v pay_v so_o great_a respect_n city_n present_v their_o key_n upon_o his_o approach_n why_o he_o can_v raise_v no_o force_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o diet._n his_o legitimate_a issue_n great_o respect_v his_o illegitimate_a as_o much_o slight_v mean_v to_o continue_v the_o crown_n in_o one_o family_n why_o the_o k._n of_o poland_n can_v imitate_v he_o of_o denmark_n not_o unhappy_a because_o he_o can_v secure_v the_o succession_n to_o his_o family_n crown_n and_o court_n officer_n gentleman_n pensioner_n horse-guard_n court_n officer_n in_o lithuania_n and_o in_o several_a province_n chief_z officer_n of_o queen_n court._n principal_a officer_n of_o primate_n court._n what_o peculiar_a to_o he_o the_o senate_n and_o its_o office_n senator_n by_o who_o make_v and_o their_o oath_n four_o to_o attend_v the_o king_n and_o wherefore_o senators_z not_o suffer_v to_o travel_v travel_v vide_fw-la sueton._n cap._n 42._o in_o vita_fw-la jul._n caesar_n &_o tacit_fw-la lib_n 12._o annal._n cap._n 23._o this_o title_n not_o bestow_v by_o its_o self_n senator_n office_n extreme_o prize_v their_o dignity_n their_o division_n and_o subdivision_n diocese_n of_o poland_n peculiar_a jurisdiction_n of_o the_o two_o archbishop_n ecclesiastical_a senator_n his_o power_n and_o state_n his_o power_n as_o inter._n rex_fw-la why_o entrust_v so_o much_o his_o see_n two_o other_o bishop_n in_o leopol_n those_o of_o the_o greek_a persuasion_n their_o tenet_n ceremony_n and_o ornoment_n his_o bishopric_n and_o power_n his_o residence_n and_o precedence_n his_o see_n precedence_n and_o authority_n several_a place_n of_o residence_n his_o diocese_n his_o diocese_n his_o jurisdiction_n and_o see_n his_o jurisdiction_n and_o see_n his_o diocese_n here_o be_v a_o greek_a bishop_n likewise_o bishop_n of_o curland_n yet_o have_v no_o see_n his_o precedence_n and_o see_n he_o see_v translate_v and_o wherefore_o honorary_a a_o greek_a bishop_n former_o primate_n of_o moscovy_n honorary_a honorary_a each_o bishop_n have_v a_o kind_a of_o little_a court_n their_o precedence_n in_o the_o diet_n and_o large_a revenue_n religion_n in_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n conversion_n and_o several_a persuasion_n of_o the_o pole_n socinian_o expel_v 1658._o 1673._o lutheran_n and_o calvinist_n and_o other_o religion_n in_o poland_n the_o roman_a catholic_n prevail_v and_o always_o prefer_v privilege_n of_o regular_a clergy_n their_o dissolute_a life_n fast_n how_o observe_v in_o poland_n manner_n of_o the_o secular_a clergy_n the_o pole_n behaviour_n at_o church_n their_o church_n division_n and_o subdivision_n of_o lay_n senator_n palatine_n etc._n etc._n with_o their_o precedence_n 1._o lay-senator_n prefer_v and_o wherefore_o 1130._o 1130._o duglossus_n lib._n 4._o annal._n polon_n p._n 369._o prefer_v for_o what_o reason_n reason_n lib._n 2_o cap._n 3._o p._n 504._o prefer_v and_o why_o wherefore_o prefer_v and_o how_o choose_v honorary_a palatinate_n why_o he_o have_v the_o title_n of_o the_o province_n honorary_a palatinate_n honorary_a palatinate_n former_o seat_n of_o teutonic_n knight_n honorary_a palatinate_n great_a part_n honorary_a honorary_a palatinate_n duty_n and_o office_n of_o palatine_n palatine_n hartknoch_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 3._o p._n 506._o etc._n etc._n vice_n palatine_n and_o how_o qualify_v duty_n of_o castellan_n their_o division_n qualification_n office_n and_o title_n great_a castellan_n and_o their_o precedence_n lay-senator_n honorary_a honorary_a honorary_a honorary_a lesser_a castellan_n no_o enjoy_n plurality_n of_o office_n castellan_n how_o call_v in_o polish_v the_o ten_o crown-officer_n those_o of_o the_o kingdom_n precede_v lay-senator_n his_o office_n power_n and_o authority_n duty_n and_o privilege_n his_o perquisites_n deputy_n and_o who_o officiate_n in_o case_n of_o absence_n qualification_n of_o these_o of_o the_o kingdom_n kingdom_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 3._o p._n 528._o both_o have_v seal_n and_o equal_a authority_n their_o office_n and_o power_n succeed_v each_o other_o how_o ought_v to_o be_v qualify_v their_o office_n and_o authority_n a_o remarkable_a breach_n of_o trust_n contend_v for_o precedence_n but_o refuse_v it_o extra-senatorial_a officer_n great_a general_n have_v equal_a authority_n their_o power_n and_o duty_n king_n interest_n to_o head_n his_o army_n present_v great_a general_n dignity_n successive_a lieutenant-general_n and_o their_o office_n chief_a commander_n of_o the_o guard_n other_o great_a officer_n in_o the_o army_n camp-notary_n captain_n of_o guard_n against_o incursion_n great_a secretary_n and_o their_o authority_n referendary_n and_o their_o office_n cupbearer_n carver_n sword-bearer_n court-treasurer_n and_o their_o office_n treasurer_n of_o prussia_n associate_n to_o judge_n chief_a notary_n register_n inchancery_n escheator_n commissioner_n of_o custom_n house_n governor_n of_o mine_n governor_n of_o the_o mint_n court-officer_n civil_a officer_n of_o district_n vice-chamberlain_n and_o his_o office_n chamberlain_n judge_n and_o assistant_n prothonotary_n head_n collector_n other_o officer_n and_o why_o so_o call_v military_a officer_n of_o district_n starostas_n with_o jurisdiction_n vice-starostas_a etc._n etc._n jurisdiction_n of_o starostas_n starostas_n without_o jurisdiction_n burgraves_n and_o their_o office_n revenue_n of_o starostaship_n zuppars_n what_o what_o the_o diet_n be_v by_o who_o call_v and_o where_o and_o how_o often_o meet_a manner_n of_o call_v it_o and_o proceed_n thereupon_o where_o the_o little_a diet_n meet_v i._o in_o great_a poland_n poland_n vide_fw-la herburt_n voice_fw-la comitia_fw-la p._n 92._o and_o in_o edit_n polon_n p._n 257._o podlachia_n and_o masovia_n ii_o in_o little-poland_n iii_o in_o lithuania_n iv._o in_o prussia_n v._o in_o russia_n vi_o in_o volhynia_n vii_o in_o samogitia_n qualification_n for_o and_o manner_n of_o vote_v in_o little_a diet_n who_o and_o how_o many_o choose_a deputy_n with_o their_o instruction_n proceed_n in_o little_a diet_n diet_n hartknoch_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 6._o p._n 682._o etc._n etc._n deputy_n how_o choose_v choose_v hartknoch_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 6._o p._n 689._o can_v be_v senator_n their_o salary_n when_o first_o send_v vide_fw-la constitut_n an._n 1581._o p._n 375._o their_o general_a meeting_n diet_n divide_v into_o three_o nation_n speaker_n how_o choose_v and_o heat_n thereupon_o how_o occasion_v next_o proceed_v further_o proceed_n reflection_n of_o hauteville_n speaker_n request_v for_o the_o deputy_n his_o authority_n proceed_n in_o the_o low_a house_n conference_n be_v with_o the_o upper_a and_o nuncios_fw-la power_n confirm_v and_o encourage_v their_o privilege_n privilege_n constitut_n an._n 1649._o committee_n how_o long_o sit_v upper_a house_n how_o employ_v manner_n of_o break_v up_o session_n in_o the_o low_a two_o house_n join_v speaker_n power_n devolve_v to_o great_a marshal_n where_o the_o king_n suspend_v his_o opinion_n what_o require_v to_o establish_v a_o law_n where_o it_o can_v be_v print_v session_n of_o the_o diet_n limit_v wherefore_o affair_n treat_v of_o in_o the_o grand_a
diet_n who_o not_o to_o be_v present_a at_o trial_n for_o treason_n naturalisation_n and_o manner_n of_o make_v noble_a in_o poland_n restrain_v in_o some_o respect_n notwith_o stand_v great_a concourse_n at_o the_o diet._n provision_n indifferent_a planty_n notwithstanding_o dangerous_a to_o walk_v a_o night_n visit_n at_o this_o time_n unacceptable_a great_a guard_n of_o some_o gentry_n order_n of_o session_n in_o the_o diet._n member_n wear_v no_o distinguish_a habit_n habit_n hartnoch_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 3._o p._n 512._o what_o prove_v equality_n among_o polish_v gentry_n intend_a limitation_n of_o vote_n like_o to_o produce_v a_o bad_a effect_n deputy_n awe_v the_o king_n and_o senate_n cause_n of_o disunion_n in_o the_o diet._n foment_v by_o the_o empire_n and_o france_n what_o promote_v foreign_a faction_n member_n not_o to_o give_v reason_n for_o dissent_n to_o any_o bill_n easy_a matter_n to_o annul_v the_o project_n of_o the_o diet._n great_a freedom_n of_o speech_n there_o unhappy_a state_n of_o the_o polish_v government_n policy_n of_o conclude_a matter_n by_o unanimous_a consent_n wonderful_n how_o the_o polish_v government_n can_v subsist_v must_v always_o flourish_v for_o several_a reason_n i._o reason_n ii_o reason_n iii_o reason_n assembly_n of_o the_o convocation_n and_o synod_n in_o poland_n the_o kaptur_n court_n ecclesiastical_a court_n and_o their_o jurisdiction_n court_n of_o nunciature_n gentry_n civil_a court_n high_a tribunal_n the_o senate_n and_o green-cloth_n exchequer_n court_v gentry-court_n not_o free_a from_o appeal_n of_o land-judicature_n with_o its_o judge_n vice-chamberlain_n court_n commissioner_n to_o take_v appeal_n gentry_n criminal_a court_n starostas_n power_n and_o office_n court_n of_o commonalty_n in_o city_n in_o village_n officer_n and_o magistrate_n of_o plebeian_n court_v 〈◊〉_d profit_n military_a jurisdiction_n origin_n progress_n and_o present_a state_n of_o law_n punishment_n in_o poland_n manner_n of_o chastise_v servant_n no_o disgrace_n to_o the_o genty_fw-mi to_o be_v thus_o beat_v crown_n vacant_a have_v many_o way_n diet_n summon_v proceed_n in_o little_a diet_n before_o grand_a session_n who_o officiate_n where_o no_o interregnum_fw-la interregnum_fw-la lib._n 2._o cap._n 1._o p._n 275._o first_o proceed_n proceed_n hartnoch_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 1._o p._n 291._o 291._o ibid._n lib._n &_o cap._n eodem_fw-la p._n 306._o court_n of_o justice_n cease_v except_o two_o foreign_a minister_n on_o this_o occasion_n notify_v their_o arrival_n and_o how_o receive_v ambassador_n from_o the_o republic_n caution_n to_o foreign_a minister_n deputy_n business_n after_o this_o diet_n diet_n of_o election_n election_n hartknoch_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 1._o p._n 295._o 295._o ibid._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 1._o p._n eadem_fw-la first_o proceed_n therein_o therein_o piasecius_fw-la ad_fw-la an._n 1632._o p._n 530._o exorbitancy_n examine_v and_o ambassador_n receive_v manner_n of_o receive_v they_o what_o requisite_a in_o foreign_a minister_n diet_n proceed_v to_o election_n further_o particular_n thereof_o great_a concourse_n at_o the_o election_n and_o policy_n to_o bias_n they_o qualification_n require_v in_o a_o candidate_n candidate_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 1._o p._n 309._o to_o 312._o 312._o ibid._n p._n 431._o rule_n observe_v by_o the_o pole_n in_o election_n why_o preserve_v their_o kingdom_n elective_a who_o have_v vote_n and_o who_o not_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la when_o take_v by_o ambassador_n by_o who_o draw_v and_o after_o what_o manner_n administer_v the_o form_n and_o several_a article_n a_o article_n violate_v occasional_a article_n ceremony_n of_o the_o king_n swear_v the_o oath_n present_v with_o the_o decree_n of_o election_n concern_v the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n interest_n of_o foreign_a prince_n to_o oppose_v it_o reason_n for_o and_o against_o such_o a_o election_n the_o king_n have_v no_o regal_a authority_n till_o crown_v crown_v hartknoch_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 1._o p._n 331._o appoint_v the_o day_n of_o coronation_n coronation_n neugebaver_n hist_o polon_n lib._n 3._o p._n 185._o manner_n of_o his_o enter_v cracow_n with_o other_o ceremony_n obsequy_n of_o decease_a king_n and_o order_n of_o procession_n procession_n piasetius_n in_o chron._n anno_fw-la 1632._o p._n 525._o 525._o hart_n knoch_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 1._o p._n 336._o ceremony_n at_o the_o interment_n day_n of_o corenation_n and_o by_o who_o perform_v perform_v herbert_n tit._n cardinalatus_n p._n 63._o 63._o heidenstein_n lib._n 2._o rerum_fw-la polon_n p._n 95._o procession_n in_o order_n to_o coronation_n ceremony_n at_o the_o coronation_n further_o particular_n of_o the_o ceremony_n of_o coronation_n king_n exhort_v and_o swear_v his_o coronation_n oath_n word_n at_o kiss_v the_o book_n unction_n with_o other_o ceremony_n manner_n of_o crown_v he_o be_v enthrone_v and_o prenounce_v king_n feast_n thereupon_o procession_n to_o receive_v homage_n and_o citizen_n knight_v inter-rex_a resign_v and_o king_n proclaim_v queen_n where_o crown_v and_o where_o not_o place_v of_o their_o coronation_n and_o what_o require_v to_o confirm_v it_o gentry_n only_o capable_a of_o preferment_n commonalty_n incapable_a except_o some_o few_o gentry_n power_n and_o privilege_n can_v be_v apprehend_v till_o convict_v exception_n can_v be_v execute_v without_o the_o king_n consent_n need_v not_o quarter_v soldier_n other_o privilege_n of_o the_o gentry_n need_v not_o pay_v tax_n unless_o oblige_v by_o the_o diet._n privilege_n of_o preemption_n have_v one_o grievance_n notwithstanding_o how_o they_o come_v by_o these_o privilege_n all_o equal_a and_o consesequent_o value_n no_o honour_n title_n of_o prince_n despise_v a_o order_n institute_v but_o undervalue_v what_o dutchy_n in_o poland_n polish_v gentry_n assume_v title_n when_o they_o travel_v farther_o power_n of_o polish_v gentry_n what_o make_v they_o so_o great_a their_o excessive_a grandeur_n and_o magnificence_n mean_v to_o support_v for_o ever_o the_o polish_v republic_n what_o foreign_a ambassador_n be_v oblige_v to_o law_n difference_n decide_v by_o the_o sword_n a_o example_n nature_n of_o descent_n in_o poland_n child_n however_o support_v their_o family_n good_a temper_n of_o the_o pole_n and_o its_o effect_n how_o occasion_v polish_v peasant_n how_o first_o enslave_v live_v satisfy_v notwithstanding_o their_o present_a condition_n enrich_v their_o lord_n how_o establish_v in_o a_o farm_n their_o service_n annex_v thereto_o meet_v to_o reap_v their_o lord_n corn._n their_o manner_n at_o bed_n and_o board_n child_n how_o teach_v to_o go_v habit_n of_o both_o the_o man_n and_o woman_n nobility_n how_o acquire_v in_o poland_n creation_n of_o a_o gentleman_n a_o three_o way_n of_o become_v noble_a three_o way_n of_o forfeit_v it_o in_o what_o case_n restore_v character_n of_o the_o pole_n their_o complexion_n constitution_n etc._n etc._n manner_n of_o the_o polish_v men._n their_o further_a character_n education_n and_o learning_n to_o what_o generaly_a apply_v themselves_o worst_a part_n of_o their_o character_n genius_n how_o incline_v enure_v to_o hardship_n greedy_n of_o money_n manner_n of_o lend_v and_o borrow_v love_n to_o make_v a_o figure_n their_o present_a fashion_n what_o fur_n use_v rustic_n habit_n in_o lithuania_n a_o few_o follow_v the_o french_a mode_n the_o woman_n former_a and_o late_a fashion_n pole_n great_a extravagance_n description_n of_o their_o house_n furniture_n no_o garden_n nor_o orchard_n private_a and_o public_a bath_n with_o their_o effect_n pole_n great_a admirer_n of_o show_n their_o attendant_n woman_n very_o modest_a exception_n woman_n liberty_n restrain_v indifference_n in_o the_o polish_v temper_v what_o exercise_n practise_v polish_v family_n and_o name_n former_o and_o now_o marriage_n and_o their_o duration_n court-marriage_n custom_n thereat_o present_v make_v the_o bride_n espousal_n and_o ceremony_n who_o not_o marry_v without_o dispensation_n burial_n and_o order_n of_o procession_n other_o proceed_n particular_n relate_v to_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n innterment_n cause_o of_o j._n casimir_n queen_n death_n manner_n of_o mourn_v in_o poland_n edibles_fw-fr among_o the_o pole_n way_n of_o hunt_v wild_a oxen._n odd_a dainty_n manner_n of_o take_v bear_n other_o sort_n of_o fowl_n what_o fish_n they_o have_v way_n of_o order_v cabbage_n their_o potable_n beer_n of_o what_o quality_n sort_n of_o mead._n and_o of_o wine_n what_o strong_a water_n custom_n in_o eat_v and_o drink_v pottage_n and_o sauce_n pole_n eat_v little_a bread_n crachat_n how_o make_v custom_n at_o feast_n banquet_v hall_n particular_n of_o servant_n manner_n at_o table_n pole_n way_n of_o take_v tobacco_n feast_n make_v by_o turn_n brimmer_n much_o practise_v custom_n in_o travel_v description_n of_o inns._n have_v few_o conveniency_n traveller_n oblige_v to_o carry_v provision_n etc._n etc._n travel_v cheap_a in_o other_o respect_n pole_n manner_n of_o travel_v incommodity_n in_o travel_n how_o remedy_v disturb_v a_o winter_n night_n by_o boor_n danger_n of_o lose_v nose_n manner_n of_o peculiar_a country_n concern_v lithuania_n what_o relate_v to_o court_n of_o justice_n there_o former_a judge_n of_o