said ciuill warre betweene Yorke and Lancaster for England most of the Noble Families were wasted and some destroied whereupon the English Irish which hitherto had valiantly maintained their Conquest now began to repaire into England partly to beare out the factions partly to inherit the Lands of their Kinsmen of whom they were discended And the meere Irish boldly rushed into the possessions which the other had left void in Ireland And from that time vnder the gouernement of English Liefetenants and Deputies seditions and murthers grew more frequent the authority of the English Kings became lesse esteemed of the Irish then in formertimes and the English Pale had sometimes larger sometimes straighter limits according to the diuers successes of the Irish affaires at diuers times After the appeasing of the said bloody warre I finde some 1000 men sent ouer by Henry the seuenth to suppresse Perkin Warbeck an English Rebell and 500 men sent by Henry the eight to suppresse the Geraldines of English race rebelling against him Otherwise the said Annals mention no great or generall rebellion in Ireland especially such by which either much blood of the English was spilt or much of our treasure exhausted till the happy raigne of Queene Elizabeth For in this onely age Religion rather then Liberty first began to be made the cloake of ambition and the Roman Locusts to maintaine the Popes vsurped power breathed euery where fier and sword and not onely made strong combinations against those of the reformed religion in all Kingdomes but were not ashamed to proclaime and promise Heauen for a reward to such cut throates as should lay violent hands on the sacred persons of such Princes as opposed their tyranny Amongst which this famous Queene being of greatest power and most happy in successe against them they not only lest nothing vnattempted against her sacred person and her Crowne of England but whither incouraged by the blind zeale of the ignorant Irish to Popery or animated by an old Prophesie He that will England winne Must with Ireland first beginne Did also raise two strong and dangerous rebellions in Ireland the one of the Earle of Desmond the other of the Earle of Tyrone not to speake of the troubles made by Shane Oneale the easie setling whereof shall be onely mentioned in the treating of Tyrones Ancestors How beit the wonted generall peace seemes to haue continued till after the 19. yeere of the Queenes raigne being 1577 at which time the Lords of Conuaght and Ororke for their particular made a composition for their lands with Sir Nicholas Malby Gouernour of that Prouince wherein they were content to yeeld vnto the Queen so large a rent and such seruices both of labourers to worke vpon occasion of fortifying and of horse and foote to serue vpon occasion of war as it seems the Popish combinations had not yet wrought in them any alienation of mind from their wonted awe and reuerence of the Crowne of England Touching the rebellion of Gerald Earle of Desmond Iohn Gerald the sonne of Thomas whose Progenitors of English race had long behaued themselues valiantly in subduing the Irish had Kildare giuen him by King Edward the second with title of an Earle And this Family of the Fitz Geralds or Geraldens as they are now called long flourished not onely keeping Ireland in obedience to the King but infesting the sea coasts of the Welsh not yet vnited to the Crowne of England and neuer raised armes against England till Thomas Fitz Gerald the sonne of Gerald Fitz Gerald Earle of Kildare and Lord Deputy of Ireland vnder King Henry the eight whom the King had called into England and there brought in question for his ill Gouernement hearing by light and falle rumour that his father was executed rashly tooke Armes against the King inuiting the Emperor Charles the fifth to inuade Ireland which he in the meane time wasted with fire and sword This Thomas and fiue of his Vncles were shortly after hanged the father being before dead of griefe But Queene Marie restored this Family to honour and lands though they neuer after recouered their former dignity Of these Geralds most of the greatest Lords in Mounster are descended though for diuers causes many of them haue taken other Sirnames and particularly the Earles of Desmond Maurice Fitz-thomas a Geraldine was first created Earle of Desmond by Edward the third Of whose posteritie many excelled in wealth vertue and honourable reputation farre extending their power But Iames inuaded his Nephewes inheritance by force and imposed heauy exactions on all depending vpon him whose sonne Thomas following his fathers steps was by the Lord Deputie beheaded in the yeere 1467 his sonnes were restored and the Earledome remained in his posterity till Gerald Earle of Desmond in the yeere 1578 rebelled against Queene Elizabeth To whose aide certaine bands of Italians and Spaniards sent by Pope Gregory the twelfth and Philip King of Spaine landed at Smerwic who besieged by the Lord Arthur Grey then Lord Deputy in a Fort they had built and called the Fort del ore shortly after yeelded themselues in the yeere 1583 and were put to the sword as the necessitie of that State and their manner of inuading the land was then said to require And the Earle of Desmond flying into the Woods was there in a cottage killed and his head cut off being as they say betrayed by his owne followers wherein the Vlster men challenge an honour of faithfulnesse to their Lords aboue those of Mounster for in the following warres none of them could be induced by feare or reward to lay hands on their reuerenced Oneale Thus with an Army of sixe thousand men whereof some fourethousand were newly sent ouer at diuers times this Rebellion of Desmond in Mounster was soone appeased The Earledome of Desmond was by authoritie of Parliament adiudged to the Crowne and made a County with Sheriffes appointed yeerely to be chosen by the Lord Deputie Vpon the attainter of the said Earle of Desmond and his confederats all the lands falling to the Crowne were in Acres of English measure about 574628 Acres Hereof great part was restored to the offenders as to Patrick Condon his Countrey to the White Knight his Countrey to some of the Geraldines and to other their confederats no small portions The rest was diuided into Seigniories granted by letters patents to certaine English Knights and Esquires which vpon this gift and the conditions whereunto they were tied had the common name of Vndertakers In Kerry and Desmond by patent to Sir William Harbert to Charol Harbert to Sir Valentine Browne to Sir Edward Denny besides an vncertaine portion to George Stone and Iohn Chapman and their heites were granted 30560 Acres with yeerely rents fiue hundred foure and twentie pound sixe shillings eight pence sterling In Limerick by Patent to Sir Henrie Billinsley to William Carter to Edmund Mannering to William Trenchard to Sr. George Bourcher to Sr. George Thornton to Richard
hold which he wisely did hauing experienced his false subtiltie and knowing that he sought delaies onely till hee could haue aide from Spaine But the Lord Generall whether it were in emulation of the Lord Deputy or in his fauour and loue to Tyrone was willing to reclaime him by a Gentle course which that crafty Fox could well nourish in him And it seemes some part of the Winter passed while this proiect was negotiated betweene them For in the beginning of the yeere 1596 a Comission was procured out of England whereby her Maiestie though iustly offended with Tyrone and his associates about their demaunds in the former conference with Sir Henry Wallop and Sir Robert Gardner yet in regard of their letters of humble submission since that time presented to her doth signifie her gratious pleasure to Sir Iohn Noreis Lord Generall and Sir Geffry Fenton her Maiesties Secretary for Ireland giuing them authoritie to promise pardon of life and restoring of lands and goods to the said Lords seeking with due humilitie her Royall mercy and to heare them with promise of fauourable consideration in all their complaints And thus much the Commissioners signified to Tyrone and Odannell by Captaine Sant Leger and Captaine Warren sent of purpose vnto them with instructions dated the eleuenth of Aprill this present yeere 1596 and with reference of other particulars to a meeting appointed to be at Dundalke The twentie of the same month Tyrone at Dundalke before these Commissioners craued the Queenes mercy on his knees signing with his hand a most humble submission in writing vowing faith in the presence of Almightie God who seeth into the secrets of all mens hearts and to vse still his owne words most humbly crauing her Maiesties mercy and pardon on the knees of his heart His first petition for liberty of Religion was vtterly reiected For the second touching freedome from Garrisons and Sheriffes he was answered that her Maiestie would not be prescribed how to gouerne In the third interceding for Orelyes pardon it was disliked that he should capitulate for others yet giuing hope of his pardon vpon his owne submission For the fourth concerning the Iurisdiction of Armagh the answer was that her Maiesty would reserue all the Bishops right For the fifth concerning the freeing of Shane Oneales sons it was referred to her Maiesties further pleasure Finally he promised to 〈◊〉 from aiding the Rebels and from intermedling with the neighbor Lords To make his Country a Shiere to admit a Shiriffe To renounce the title of Oneale To confesse vpon his pardon all his intelligences with forraine Princes and all his past actions which may concerne the good of the State To rebuild the Fort and Bridge of Blackwater and to relieue the Garrison for ready money at all times To deliuer in sufficient Pledges To dismisse all his Forces to pay such reasonable fine to her Maiesties vse as should be thought meete by her Maiestie Hugh Odonnel at the same time did agree to diuers articles for the good of his Countrey and made his like humble submission The like did Hugh mac Guire Bryan mac Hugh Euer Oge Roe mac Cooly Bryan Orewark called Ororke Shane Mac Bryan Phillip O Reyly and others To each one was giuen vnder the Commissioners hands a promise of her Maiesties pardon vpon putting in of Pledges And Proclamation was made to giue notice hereof to all the Queenes subiects that in the meanetime no acts of hostilitie might be done against any of those who had thus sub mitted themselues Thus the Vlster Rebels by a submission too honest to be truly intended by them whilest Pledges were expected and Pardons drawne were freed from the prosecution of the Queenes Forces this Summer And euen at this time did Tyrone solicite aide in Spaine and two or three messengers came secretly to the rebels from thence by whom many of them as Ororke Mac William c sent a writing signed to the King of Spaine couenanting that if hee would send sufficient Forces they would ioyne theirs to his and if he would at all relieue them in the meane time they would refuse all conditions of Peace But Tyrone though consenting yet was too craftie to signe this Couenant yea craftily he sent the King of Spaines answere to the Lord Deputie whilest hee notwithstanding relied on the promised succours I finde nothing of moment done this Summer by the Forces with the Generall being restrained by the last agreement at Dundalke onely about the end of August hee wrote out of Connaght vnto the Lord Deputie complaining of diuers wants and desiring more Forces to be sent him To whom the Lord Deputie answered that his Lordship had warrant to supply some of his wants in the Countrie and denied the sending of any Forces to him because himselfe was to goe into the Field By this time the rebels of Lemster were as I formerly mentioned growne strong Feogh Mac Hugh breaking his protection entred into acts of hostilitie and he together with the O Mores O Connors O Birnes O Tooles the Cauenaghs Butlers and the chiefe names of Connaght animated by the successe of Vlster men combined together and demaunded to haue the barbarous titles of O and Mac together with lands they claimed to be restored to them in the meane time spoiling all the Country on all sides About the moneth of Ianuary Sir Richard Bingham Gouernour of Connaght who had valiantly beaten Ororke out of his Countrie and prosecuted the Bourks and other Rebels was called into England vpon complaints of the Irish and Sir Conyer's Clifford was sent to gouerne Connaght This Gentleman complained off by the Irish was valiant and wise but some of our English Statesmen thought him too seuere and that he had thereby driuen many into rebellion howsoeuer himselfe very well experienced in the Country and those who best vnderstood the Irish nature found nothing so necessarie for keeping them in obedience as seueritie nor so dangerous for the increase of murthers and outrages as indulgence towards them His answers to their complaints could not be so admitted as for the time some discountenance fell not on him which reward of seruices he constantly bore till in short time after to his great grace the State thought fit againe to vse his seruice in a place of great commaund in the Armie Sir Iohn Norreys Lord Generall Sir George Bourcher Master of her Maiesties Ordinance and Sir Geffery Fenton her Maiesties Secretary for Ireland being by Commission directed to treat againe with Tyrone did by their letters dated the twenty of Ianuarie remember him of the fauour he had receiued at the last treatie at Dundalke and charged him as formerly he had been charged with high ctimes since that committed by him to the violation of the Articles then agreed on therefore aduising him that since they were for her Maiesties seruice to draw to the Borders he would there testifie to them his penitencie for offences done since his pardon by
Desmonds warre which possessed their Ancestors lands also the incouragement they receiued by the good successe of the Rebels and no lesse the hope of pardon vpon the worst euent And to speake truth Munster vndertakers aboue mentioned were in great part cause of this defection and of their owne fatall miseries For whereas they should haue built Castles and brought ouer Colonies of English and haue admitted no Irish Tenant but onely English these and like couenants were in no part performed by them Of whom the men of best qualitie neuer came ouer but made profit of the land others brought no more English then their owne Families and all entertained Irish seruants and tenants which were now the first to betray them If the couenants had been kept by them they of themselues might haue made two thousand able men whereas the Lord President could not find aboue two hundred of English birth among them when the Rebels first entred the Prouince Neither did these gentle Vndertakers make any resistance to the Rebels but left their dwellings and fled to walled Townes yea when there was such danger in flight as greater could not haue been in defending their owne whereof many of them had wofull experience being surprised with their wiues and children in flight Among the Mounster Rebels were the Vicount Mountgarret the Earle of Ormonds neere Kinsman and the Baron of Cahir a Butler and of the Earles Kindred Both these pretended their discontent and malice against the said Earle for cause of their reuolt But more dangerous causes were suspected and excepta Royall Force were quickly opposed to the Rebels bold attempts a generall reuolt was feared May you hold laughter or will you thinke that Carthage euer bred such a dissembling faedifragous wretch as Tyrone when you shall reade that euen in the middest of all these garboyles and whilest in his letters to the King of Spaine he magnified his victories beseeching him not to beleeue that he would seeke or take any conditions of Peace and vowing constantly to keepe his faith plighted to that King yet most impudently he ceased not to entertaine the Lord Lieutenant by letters and messages with offers of submission This hee did but not so submissiuely as before for now the Gentleman was growne higher in the instep as appeared by the insolent conditions he required Ireland being in this turbulent State many thought it could not bee restored but by the powerfull hand of Robert Earle of Essex This noble Lord had from his youth put himselfe into military actions of greatest moment so farre as the place he held in Court would permit and had of late yeeres wonne much honour in some seruices by Sea and Land so as he had full possession of a superintendencie ouer all martiall affaires and for his noble worth was generally loued and followed by the Nobility and Gentrie In which respects the Queene knew him fit for this seruice Hee had long been a deare fauourite to the Queene but had of late lien so open to his enemies as he had giuen them power to make his imbracing of militarie courses and his popular estimation so much suspected of his Soueraigne as his greatnesse was now indged to depend as much on her Maiesties feare of him as her loue to him And in this respect he might seeme to the Queene most vnfit for this seruice But surely the Earle was perswaded that his Houour could not stand without imbracing this Action and since he affected it no man durst be his riuall Besides that his enemies gladly put for ward this his designe that they might haue him at more aduantage by his absence from Court. Finally the vulgat gaue ominous acclamations to his enterprise but the wiser sort rather wished then hoped happy effects either to his priuate or the publike good in regard of the powerfull enemies hee left in Court whence all seconds were to come to him and of his owne distracted ends though enclined to the publike good yet perhaps in aiming at the speedy end of this warre and some other particulars not fully concurring with the same The Earle of Essex when he first purposed to intertaine the managing of the Irish warres aduised and obtained that two Regiments of old souldiers should be transported out of the Low-Countries into that Kingdome namely The first Regiment Sir Charles Pearcy Colonell 200 1050 Foote Captaine Richard Moryson Lieutenant Colonell 150 Sir Oliuer Lambart 150 Captaine Henrie Masterson 150 Captaine Randal Bret 150 Captaine William Turret 150 Captaine Turner 100 The second Regiment Sir Henry Dockwra Colonel and Conductor of all 200 950 Foote Captaine Iohn Chamberlin Lieutenant Colonel 150 Captaine Edmond Morgan 150 Captaine Edward Michelburne 150 Captaine Walter Floyd 150 Captaine Garret Haruy 150 These Regiments landed in Ireland before the Earles comming ouer and were then dispersed by the Earle into diuers Regiments of new men to season them and to replenish them with sufficient Officers The Earles Patent was granted with title of Lord Lieutenant and with more ample authoritie then many other Lord Deputies had formerly granted them for whereas others had power to pardon all Treasons Felonies and all offences except such treasons as touched her Maiesties person her heires c and the counterfeiting of money This exception was by the Earles importunitie left out which hee extorted with wise prouidence since the Lawyers held all Treasons to touch the Princes person And whereas other Lord Deputies had power to bestow all Offices excepting the chiefe reserued to the Queenes gift his Lordship had power to bestow some of the chiefest and to remoue all Officers not holding by Patent and to suspend such as held by Patent Besides his Lordship had power in many things which neuer had been formerly giuen to any as to make Martiall Lawes he being Lord Martiall of England and to punish the transgressors And to let the lands of Tyrone and other Rebels named to any persons whatsoeuer and to their heires Males reseruing due rents to her Maiestie To command the Ships already sent and to be sent into Ireland except the Lord Admirall were sent forth to Sea and commandement were giuen of ioyning the said ships to his Fleete And lastly to issue the Treasure according to the two establishments with liberty to alter that which was signed by the Lords in England with the aduise and consent of the Counsell of Ireland so as he exceeded not the summe of the Establishments He had an Army assigned him as great as himselfe required and such for number and strength as Ireland had neuer yet seene The establishment was signed by the Queene the foure and twenty of March being the last day after the English account of the yeere 1598. It contained first the pay of the chiefe Officers in the Army the Lord Lieutenant Generall ten pound a day The Lieutenant of the Army three pound a day The Generall of the Horse fortie shillings a day the Marshall of the Campe
Roman Religion with the appeasing thereof in the beginning of the yeere 1603. Together with the Lord Deputies recalling into England and the rewards there giuen him for his seruice in the beginning of the yeere 1603 with mention of his vntimely death within few yeeres after and a word of the State of Ireland some ten yeeres after THE fiue and twentieth of March in the beginning of the yeere 1603 the Lord Deputy wrote this following letter from Mellifant Sir Garret Moores house to Master Secretary in England SIR I haue receiued by Captaine Hayes her Maiesties letters of the sixth of February wherein I am directed to send for Tyrone with promise of securitie for his life onely and vpon his arriuall without further assurance to make stay of him till her pleasure should bee further knowne and at the same time I receiued another from her Maiestie of the seuenteenth of February wherein it pleased her to inlarge the authority giuen vnto me to assure him of his life liberty and pardon vpon some conditions remembred therein And withall I receiued a letter from your selfe of the eighteenth of February recommending to me your owne aduice to fulfill as far as I possibly could the meaning of her Maiesties first letter and signifying her pleasure that I should seeke by all the best meanes I can to promise him his pardon by some other name then Earle of Tyrone and rather by the name of Barron of Dungannon or if it needes must bee by the name of some other Earle Secondly to deliuer him his Country in lesse quantity and with lesse power then before he had it And lastly to force him to cleare his paces and passages made difficult by him against any entrie into his Countrie And now since it hath pleased her Maiesty by so great a trust to giue me so comfortable Arguments of her fauour I am incouraged the more freely to presume to declare my selfe in this great matter which I call great because the consequence is great and dangerous to be delt in without the warrant of her gratious interpretation And though my opinion herein should proceede from a long and aduised consideration described with large and many circumstances and confirmed with strong and iudiciall reasons yet because I thinke it fit to hasten away this messenger I will write of these things somewhat though on the sudden and commit the rest to the sufficient iudgement and relation of the Lord President now in his iourney towards you and the rather because I finde him to concurre with mee in the apprehension of this cause and of the state of all other things of this Kingdome And first for her Maiesties first letter I pray you Sir beleeue me that I haue omitted nothing both by power and policy to ruine him and vtterly to cut him off and if by either I may procure his head before I haue engaged her Royall word for his safety I doe protest I will doe it and much more be ready to possesse my selfe of his person if by only promise of life or by any other meanes wherby I shal not directly scandal the maiesty of publike faith I can procure him to put himself into my power But to speak my opinion freely I thinke that he or any man in his case would hardly aduenture his liberty to preserue onely his life which he knoweth how so well to secure by many other waies for if he flie into Spaine that is the least wherof he can be assured and most men but especially he doe make little difference betweene the value of their life and liberty and to deceiue him I thinke it will bee hard for though wiser men then hee may be ouer-reached yet he hath so many eyes of iealousie awake that it will bee vnpossible to charme them and I do vpon assured ground beleeue that it is nothing but feare of his safety that of a long time especially of late hath kept him frō conformity to the State and if any thing do keep him now from accepting the lowest conditions and from setling himself and his hart to a constant seruing of her Maiestie it will be feare of an absolute forgiuenes or the want of such an estate as may in any measure cōtent him The danger of his subsisting as he doth is either if there come no forraine forces to maintaine still a loose head of Rebellion which will be better able to offend any such as are become subiects then we can be if we were a thousand times more to defend them at all times and in all places to stirre vp and to maintaine al humors and to be a wound remaining open vnto which they may haue recourse and vpon all accidents bee readie to swell or to infect the whole bodie of this Kingdome Otherwise if there should be any inuasion to be a powerfull and politick head to draw this Countrie to their assistance If there come no forraigne Forces and that hee should bee cut off yet is it likely some other in the nature of a spoiling outlaw would arise vp in his place as ill as himselfe and if hee bee kept prisoner the like effects will arise as if hee were dead If hee bee cut off or kept prisoner and the Spaniards should arriue most of the Swordmen will flocke vnto them for aduantage of pay and the discontentment of Lords of Countries would be as great or greater then if hee were amongst them and therefore they as likely to fall then as now to the Spanish partie but if it were possible to make him a good subiect the vse her Maiestie may make of him must bee amongst these people since during his life and libertie none will aspire to that place of O Neale which doth carrie with it so great an interest in the North and what interest hee hath hee may bee led to employ to suppresse and settle the mindes of the people to gouernement and hauing once declared himselfe to bee a dutifull subiect it will be first a great discouragement for the Spaniards to come and if they doe come if hee continue honest his presence and interest will sway the North from giuing them assistance or annoying the subiects if we withdraw our Garrisons and make the rest of Ireland more aduised how they declare themselues against the State Sir to conclude because I cannot shortly expresse mine owne minde herein I thinke it best if it please her Maiestie to receiue him to her mercy so that first his submission bee made in as humble sort and as much for her Maiesties Honour as can be deuised and then that she assure him of absolute forgiuenesse and forgetting of his faults and as much honour and profit as he had before prouided that wee take from him as much as possibly wee may those lockes wherein his chiefest strength lyes Otherwise I am perswaded either the Queene shal not serue her owne turne by him if shee keepe him prisoner or he will serue his turne if he liue at
be concealed especially in him vpon whole face all men eyes were cast himselfe was content to insinuate that a tender sorrow for losse of his Soueraigne Mistresse caused this passion in him but euery dull vnderstanding might easily conceiue that thereby his heart might rather bee more eased of many and continuall ielousies and feares which the guilt of his offences could not but daily present him after the greatest security of pardon And there needed no Oedipus to find out the true cause of his teares for no doubt the most humble submission he made to the Queene he had so highly and proudly offended much eclipsed the vaine glory his actions might haue carried if he had hold out till her death besides that by his cōming in as it were between two raignes he lost a faire aduantage for by Englands Estate for the present vnsetled to haue subsisted longer in rebellion if he had any such end or at least an ample occasion of fastning great merit on the new King if at first and with free will he had submitted to his mercy which hee would haue pretended to doe onely of an honourable affection to his new Prince and many would in all likelihood haue beleeued so much especially they to whom his present misery and ruined estate were not at all or not fully knowne The sixth of Aprill the Earle of Tyrone made a new submission to the King in the same forme he had done to the Queene the name onely changed He also wrote this following letter to the King of Spaine IT may please your most Excellent Maiesty Hauing since the first time that euer I receiued letters from your Highnesse Father and your Maiesty or written letters vnto you performed to the vttermost of my power whatsoeuer I promised insomuch as in the expectation of your assistance since the repaire of O Donnell to your Maiesty I continued in action vntill all my neerest kinsemen and followers hauing forsaken me I was inforced as my duty is to submit my selfe to my Lord and Soueraigne the beginning of this instant moneth of Aprill in whose seruice and obedience I will continue during my life Therefore and for that growing old my selfe I would gladly see my sonne setled in my life time I haue thought good giuing your Maiesty all thankes for your Princely vsage of my sonne Henry during his being in Spaine most humbly to desire you to send him vnto mee And for the poucrtie whereunto I was driuen I haue in sundry letters both in Irish and other languages so signified the same as it were inconuenient herein to make relation thereof And so I most humbly take my leaue From Dublin c. Your Highnesse poore friend that was Hugh Tyrone Together with the same he wrote another letter to his sonne Henry to hasten his comming from Spaine into Ireland but without any effect Lastly the Lord Deputic renewed to the Earle of Tyrone his Maiesties Protection for a longer time till hee could sue out his Pardon and sent him backe into his Countrey to settle the same and to keepe his friends and former confederates in better order vpon this change of the State Sir Henry Dauers who lately brought letters to the Lord Deputy from the Lords in England returned backe with purpose to repaire presently vnto the King wherevpon the Lord Deputy commended to his relation the following instructions signed with his Lordships hand Wherein you must note that his Lordship omits the newes of the Queenes death receiued by the seruant of a Gentleman as aforesaid the same being onely a priuate inteliigence whereupon hee could not safely build his late proceedings and that his Lordship onely insists vpon letters from the State which could onely giue warrant to the same The instrustions are these You are to informe the Kings Maiesty that at your comming ouer hither the fifth hereof with the letters from the Lords in England signifying the decease of my late Scueraigne Mistresse you found with mee heere at Dublin the Earle of Tyrone newly come in vpon Protection and by that meanes the Rcalme for the present generally quiet all expecting that vpon a conclusion with him which then euery one conceiued to be likely in as much as he put himself into my hand which till that time he would neuer doe to any the Countrey would in short time be thorowly settled so that euery one thet found himselfe in danger did presse me in a manner hourely for his pardon foreseeing that he that staied out longest was sure to be made the example of the Iustice of the State where such as could soonest make their way by assuring their future loyaltie and seruice were hopefull to lay hold vpon their Soueraignes mercy Now to the end you may acquaint his Maiesty how farre forth I haue proceeded with the Earle of Tyrone and vpon what warrant you shall be heereby thus remembred He had often made great meanes to be receiued to mercy which as often I had denied him prosecuting him to the vttermost of my ability being cuer confident in opinion that vntil I had brought him very low driuen him out of his own Countrey as I did the last Summer and left Garrisons vpon him that tooke most of the Creaghts and spoiled the rest of his goods hee would not bee made fit to crauc mercy in that humble manner that was beseeming so great an offender In December last when I was at Galloway he importuned me by many messages and letters and by some that he trusted very well vowed much sincerity if hee might be hearkened vnto there and at that time hee sent me a submission framed in as humble manner as I could reasonably require To that I sent him this answer that I would recommed it to her Maiesty but vntill I had further direction from her I would still prosecute him as I did before and get his head if I could and that was all the comfort I gaue him yet ceased he not to continue a sutor with all the earnestnesse that hee could deuise hoping in the end to obtaine that hee desired In the month of March I receiued letters from her Maiesty of the sixteenth and sauenteenth of February whereby I was authorised to giue him my word for his comming and going safe and to pardon him so as he would come parsonally where I should assigne him to receine it and yeeld to some other conditions in the last of those two letters contained And withall I was specially required aboue all things to driue him to some issue presently because her Maiesty then conceiued that contrariety of successes heere or change of accidents in other parts might turn very much to her disaduantage for which she was still apt to beleeue that hee lay in wait and would spin out all things further then were requisite with delayes and shifts if I should not abridge him Shortly after the Earle renewing his former suit with very great carnestnesse and in most humble manner as may
1. Of the fit meanes to trauell and to hier Coaches or Horsesin generall Chap. 2. Of Sepulchers Monuments and Buildings in generall for I haue formerly spoken particularly of them Chap. 3. Of Germany Bohmerland and Sweitzerland touching the Geographicall description the situation the fertility the trafficke and the diet Chap. 4. Of the vnited Prouinces in Netherland and of Denmark and Poland touching the said subiects of the precedent third Chapter Chap. 5. Of Italy touching all the subiects of the third Chapter going before The third Booke Chap. 1. Of the geographicall description of Turky the situation fertility trafficke and diet Chap. 2. Of France touching the particular subiects of the first Chapter Chap. 3. Of England touching the particular subiects of the first Chapter Chap. 4. Of Scotland touching the subiects contained in the first Chapter Chap. 5. Of Ireland touching the particular subiects of the first Chapter The fourth Booke Chap. 1. Of the Germans Bohemians Sweitzers Netherlanders Daues Polouians and Italians apparell Chap. 2. Of the Turkes French English Scottish and Irish apparell Chap. 3. Of the Germans and Bohemians Commonwealth vnder which title I containe an historicall introduction the Princes Pedegrees and Courts the present state of things the Tributes and Reuenewes the military state for Horse Foot and Nauy the Courts of Iustice rare Lawes more specially the Lawes of inheritance and of womens Dowries the Capitall Iudgements and the diuersitie of degrees in Families and in the Common-wealth Chap. 4. Of the particular Commonwealths as well of the Princes of Germany as of the free Cities such of both as haue absolute power of life and death Chap. 5. Of the Commonwealth of Sweitzerland according to the diuers subiects of the third Chapter Chap. 6. Of the Netherlanders Commonwealth according to the foresaid subiects of the third Chapter The rest of this VVorke not as yet fully finished treateth of the following Heads Chap 1. OF the Commonwealth of Denmarke vnder which title I containe an historicall introduction the Kings Pedegree and Court the present state of the things the Tributes and Reuenewes the military power for Horse Foot and Nauy the Courts of Iustice rare Lawes more specially those of Inheritance and Dowries and Contracts for mariage the Capitoll or Criminall Iudgements and the diuersitie of degrees in Families and the Commonwealth Chap. 2. Of the Commonwealth of Poland vnder which title c. Chap. 3. Of the Commonwealth of Italy touching the historicall introduction the Princes pedegrees the Papall dominion and the Late power of the King of Spaine with some other subiects of the first Chapter Chap. 4. Of the particular Commonwealth of Venice touching most of the foresaid subiects Chap. 5. Of the Commonwealth of the Duke of Florence the Cities of Lucca and Genea with the Dukes of Urbino and of Mantoua Chap. 6. Of the Commonwealth of Italy in generall touching the rest of the heads which belong to the generall State of Italy rather then of any part thereof Chap. 7. Of the Commonwealth of the Turkish Empire vnder which title c. as followeth in the first Chapter Chap. 8. Of the Commonwealth of France vnder which title c. Chap. 9. Of the Commonwealth of England vnder which title c. Chap. 10. Of the Commonwealth of Scotland vnder which title c. Chap. 11. Of the Commonwealth of Ireland vnder which title c. Chap. 12. Of Germany touching Religion Chap. 13. Of Bhemerland Sweitzerland the vnited Prouinces of Netherland of Denmark and Poland touching Religion Chap. 14. Of Italy touching Religion Chap. 15. Of the Turkish Empire touching Religion Chap. 16. Of France England Scotland and Ireland touching Religion Chap. 17. Of the Germans nature wit manners bodily gifts Vniuersities Sciences Arts language pompous Ceremonies specially at Marriages Christnings and Funerals of their customes sports exercises and particularly hunting Chap. 18. Of the Bohemians Sweitzers and Netherlanders of the vnited Prouinces their natures wits manners c. Chap. 19. Of the Danes and Polonians nature c. Chap. 20. Of the Italians nature wit c. Chap. 21. Of the Turkes nature c. Chap. 22. Of the Frenchmens nature c. Chap. 23. Of the Englishmens nature c. Chap. 24. Of the Scotchmens and Irishmens natures wits manners c. Chap. 25. A generall but briefe discourse of the Iewes the Grecians and the Moscouites A briefe Table to vnderstand in the First Part the expences in small Coynes most commonly spent For England A Gold Angell of the standard of 23 Caracts 3 graines and an halfe is three peny waight and 8 graines and is giuen for ten siluer shillings 12 pence making a shilling the siluer being of the standard of 11 ounces two peny weight and the shilling foure penny or ninety six graines weight For Scotland and Ireland The English Coynes are currant and spent For Germany The Reichs Doller of Germany is worth foure shillings foure pence and the siluer Gulden is accounted three shillings foure pence English Twenty Misers siluer Groshen 32 Lubecke shillings 45 Embden stiuers foure Copstucks and a halfe 55 groates 36 Maria grosh 18 spitz-grosh 18 Batz make a Reichs Doller Two sestings make a Lubecke shilling foure Drier a siluer grosh two dreyhellers a Drier two schwerd grosh a schneberger foure creitzers a batz foure pfennning a creitzer For Bohemia Three Pochanels make a Creitzer 9 creitzers and one Pochanell make foure weissgrosh of Morauia 30 grosh a Doller two hallers a pfenning and 5 pfenning a grosh For Sweitzerland Six Rappen make a Plappart or 3 Creitzers and 20 Plapparts or 60 Creitzers make a siluer gulden two finferlins make a finfer and 5 a batz foure angster make a creitzer twelue a Bemish 60 creitzers a siluer gulden For the Low Countries Foure Orkees or Doights make a stiuer two blanks a stiuer and a halfe six stiuers a shilling 20 stiuers a gulden or three shillings foure pence being two shillings English 20 shillings a pound and one hundred pound Flemish makes sixty pound English For Denmarke Two Danish shillings make one Lubecke and 66 Danish shillings make one Reichs Doller For Poland Thirty Polish Grosh make a siluer Gulden 40 a Reichs Doller three Pochanels a Creitzer seuen a Grosh For Italy The siluer Crowne almost fiue shillings English is giuen for 7 Lires of Uenice two Lires make a Iustino 20 Soldi a Lire one Lire and 4 Soldi a Mutsenigo 4 Bagatines a Quatrine two Betsior 3 Quatrines or a Susine and a halfe make a Soldo two Quatrines make a Susine three Susines a Boligneo and 12 Bolignei a Lire Ten Giulij or Poali or Carlini make a siluer Crowne ten Baocci a Giulio or Paolo foure Quatrines a Baocco eight Baelli or Creitzers make a Giulio twenty Soldi or Bolignei of Genoa make a Lire of Genoa whereof 15 make 20 shillings English and 3 of these Lires with 15 Soldi make a siluer Crowne seuen Soldi and an halfe make a Reale foure Soldi a Caualotto
Beretta Ducale which the Dukes weare at their Creation being of inestimable value for the multitude and price of the Iewels especially of a diamond vpon the crowne of the Cap and a chrysolite sct in the midst I saw two crownes of Kings with twelue stomachers of pure gold set with rich Iewels which the Noblewomen wore at Constantinople before the Turkes tooke it and twelue other Crownes all of pure massy gold all which the Venetians diuiding with the French had for their part when they tooke Constantinople in the yeere 1203. I saw a saphyre of extraordinary bignes and a Diamond which the French King Henry the third gaue to this state when he returned that way from Poland and two whole Vnicornes hornes each more then foure foot long and a third shorter and a little dish of a huge price with innumerable vessels which for price rarenes and workemanship are highly valued They say that a Candian thiefe tooke away this treasure which is kept with many doores and barres of iron but that he restored it being betraied by his fellow In a Chappell of this Church is a Font of brasse with a brasen image of Saint Iohn baptizing and the Altar thereof is of a stone brought out of Asia vpon which they say Christ did sit when he preached at Tyrus but others say it is the stone vpon which the Patriarke Iacob did sleepe They shew there the chaire of the blessed Virgin of stone and two peeces of marble spotted with the blood of Iohn Baptist and the marble sepulcher of Duke Andrea Dandoli In the Chappell of the Cardinall Zeno they shew the Rocke strucke by Moses and distilling water and two precious peeces of porphery In the vpper Vestry they shew the picture of the Virgin painted by Saint Lukes hand and the ring of Saint Marke and his Gospell written with his owne hand and a peece of the Crosse of Christ and of the Pillar to which he was tied and Bookes couered with massy siluer and candlestickes chalice and many vessels of siluer guilded all set with little precious stones and the Bishops Miter of great price and many rich vestures for the Priests The chiefe Priest of this Church must be a gentleman of Venice and though hee be no Bishop yet the Popes haue giuen him great priuiledges and he is to be chosen by the Duke because the Dukes built this Church wherupon it is euer since called the Dukes Chappell This Church of Saint Marke is not vnworthily called the golden Church for the rich ornaments thereof especially for the Images thereof painted ala mosaita like a worke engrauen For the workemen doe incorporate gold with little square peeces of glasse and guild the same ouer then breaking them in very small peeces they lay them vpon the pictures Among the Parish Churches belonging to Saint Marke is the Chappell of Saint Theodore where the Inquisitors of Religion sit thrice a weeke namely the Popes Nuntio and the Patriarke an Inquisitor by his place and at this time a Dominican Friar and three Senators chosen by the Senate Likewise the little but most faire Church of Saint Germinian is seated in the market place of Saint Marke whose Priest according to the custome of Venice is chosen by them that haue unmoueable goods in the Parish and is confirmed by the Patriarke in which Church the most notable things are three Images grauen vpon the great Altar and the sepulcher of Iohn Peter Stella Great Chancellor and the Altar of Lodonito Spinello and the Monument of Iames and Francis Sansouine famous engrauers In the Church of Saint Mary Zebenigo the Monuments of Sebastian Fosearint a Phylosopher and of Ierome Molini a Florentine Poet and the picture of the Lords Supper In the Church Saint Vitale the artificiall statua of that Saint on horsebacke In the Church Saint Angelo built by the family of the Morosmi the Altar of the holy Sacrament In the Church of Saint Fantino the Architecture and among other Images the head of a Crucifix and the singular Images of the blessed Virgin and Saint Iohn painted standing by the Crosse. In the Vestry of Saint Fantino whose Monkes vse to accompany and comfort those that are executed the two Altars and in the first of them the brasen Images of the blessed Virgin and Saint Iohn and in the second the excellent Marble Image of Saint Ierome In the Parish Church of Saint Luke seated in the middest of the City amonument of foure most learned men and another of Peter Aretine called the scourge of Princes are the most remarkable things The Inquisitors worthily condemned the bookes of this Aretine for the filthinesse of them howsoeuer they be yet commonly sold and the common report is that they also commanded his horrible Epitaph to be blotted out which was set in this Church of Saint Luke in these words Qui gaice l'Aretin ' Poeta Tusco Chi disse mal ' d'ogniun ' four a che di Dio Scusandosi dicendo is nol ' conosco Here lies the Aretine a Poet of Tuscany Who spake ill of all but of God Excusing himselfe saying I know him not Of the same Aretine saith Ariosto Ecco il flagello de'i Principi Il Diuin ' Pietro Aretino Behold the scourge of Princes The Diuine Peter Arctine In the stately Church of Saint Saluatore the Marble image of Saint Ierem another of him and a third of Saint Laurence and the great Altar of pure siluer are curiously ingrauen and in the chappell of the holy Sacrament the Image of Mary Magdalen and in another chappell the Image of Saint Augustine praying among his Monkes and not farre off two Images of the Monument erected to Duke Francis Venerio all painted with great Art and the Altar of the blessed Virgn equall or to be preferred to the best in the City the Altar of S t Antony and two Monuments of Dukes all adorned with rare engrauen and painted Images and a faire paire of Organs In the Church of Saint Bartholmew the picture of Manna falling from heauen and the brasen Images of Christ of the foure Euangelists ' and six Angels In the Church of Saint Giuliano many pictures but especially that of Christ carrying his Crosse and neere the doore another of Saint Ierome and two Marble Images vpon the Altar In the Church of Saint Stephen rich with Marble and pillers the Marble Images of the Apostles with the pillars whereon they stand and the Altar ingrauen with brasse and the Monument of Iames Suriani and another of Anthony Cornari with this inscription Antenij ad Cineres viator adsta Hic Cornarins ille quem salebant Rerum principia Deos docentem Olim Antenoria stupere Athena Accitus Patrias subinde adoras Ornatus titulis fascibusque Doctrina venetam beauit vrbem At the ashes of Anthony passenger stand This is that Cornarius whom of old Teaching the principles of Nature and the Gods Antenors Athens was wont to admire After called home to his
Countrey Graced with Titles and Magistracy With his Learning he made Venice happy These things I say are in these Churches most remarkeable The second sextary on this side the channell vulgarly I l sestiero di Castello hath the name of the Castle Oliuolo which seated towards the sea may seeme to be diuided from the Citie yet it is ioyned thereto by a long bridge Of old it was a City by it selfe and therefore the Dukes Throne being established in the Iland Realto the Bishops seat was made here who is inuested by the Duke and was consecrated by the Patriarke of Grado till that being extinguished this was raised to the dignity of a Patriarke in the yeere 1450. In the Cathedrall Church of Saint Peter this is written vpon the Chappell in Latine Who ere thou be that approachest worship Within these grates of Iron the crosse is inclosed that is adorned with three haires of the beard of Christ with a naile the cup in which he drunke to his Disciples and with a peece of the true Crosse c. This Patriarcall seat hath two old pulpits of marble the monuments of the Bishops and Patriarkes which with the adioining Pallace of the Patriarkes are the most remarkeable things thereof In the Church of Iohn Baptist in Bragola many curious pictures the sepulcher of that Saint guilded ouer the Image of Christ the pictures of the lesse Altar especially that of Christ baptised that of Saint Hellen that of Christs resurrection and the liuely picture of Christ sitting with his Apostles at his last supper In the Church of Saint Mary Formosa this inscription is read Vincentius Capellus most skilful in Nauigation and Prefect of the Gallies nolesse praised of old who receiued signes of honour from Henry the seuenth King of Britany c. There vpon the great and very faire Altar the Images of the foure Euangelists and vpon the top that of Christs resurrection and of two Angels In the Church Saint Marina the statua on horsebacke erected by the Senate to Tadeo della volpe of Imola and the great Altar with the pillars of prophry In the Church of Saint Leone the Images of Saint Ierome of Christ at supper with his Disciples of Iohn the Euangelist and Saint Michaell all painted by the hands of most skilfull workemen In the Church of Saint Anthony foure most faire Altars in the second whereof the Image of Christ and in the third rich with excellent pillars the History of ten thousand Martyres painted and in the fourth the espousals of the blessed Virgin areal painted with singular Art and a foot statua erected by the Senate to Victor Pisanus In the Church of Saint Dominicke the library and pictures of the Altars In the Church of Saint Francis di Paola many things giuen vpon vow and hung vpon the wals In that of Saint Francis della vigna a very faire and stately Church the Altar of the Chappell belonging to the Family Grimani and the pictures brasen images of the same and in the Chappell of the Family Dandoli the picture of Saint Laurence martyred and in the Chappell of the Iustiniani being very rich the Images of the foure Euangelists and twelue Prophets In the Chappell of our Lady the monument of Marke Anthony Morosini Knight and Procurator famous in the warre which the French King Lewis the twelth made in Lombardy and thrice Ambassador from the State also the famous library of this monastery and the bels which they say were brought out of England after Queene Maries death In the Church of the Saints Iohn and Paul being one of the chiefe Churches the situation the architecture the pictures and the monuments of sixteene Dukes and another of Marke Anthony Bragadini who hauing defended the Iland Cyprus from the Turkes when they tooke it had his skinne fleed off by the command of the tyrant against his faith in the yeere 1571. Also three horsemens statuaes one to Leonardo de Prato Knight of Rhodes another to Nichola Orsino Count of Pitiglia both erected in the Church the third for greater honour erected in the market place to Bartholmeo Coleoni of Bergamo for his good seruice to the State in their Warres all three crected by the Senate Also a foot statua erected by the Senate to Deunys Naldo a most valiant Commander of their foote and the stately sepulcher of Iames de Cauallis and the Chappell of the Rossary magnificall in the architecture in rare marbles in the art of engrauers and excellent pictures especially that of Christ crucified In the Church of Saint Mary delle Virgini a Cloyster of Nunnes built by the Dukes and belonging to them by speciall right two marble sepulchers In the Church Saint Gioseppe the admirable monument of the Germani with admirable Images engrauen of the Duke Grimani created and his Dutchesse Morosini crowned and the like curiously wrought also the Image of Christ transfigured and another of Christ buried are the most remarkeable things And whereas the grauen images of this Church be of rare beauty they say that the chiefe of them were brought out of England after the death of Queene Mary In the Church of Saint Fustina a parish Church and yet the chiefe cloyster of Nunnes twice rebuilt by the family Morosini two curious statuaes of marble of Paros In the Church of the Holy sepulcher being a cloyster of Nunnes the sepulcher of Christ like that at Ierusalem of ophites and like stones In Saint Zachary a cloyster of Nunnes the pall of the Virgin painted another like it in the chappell the sepulcher or Altar vnder which the said Saint father to Iohn Baptist is laid and at the backe of the great Altar three sepulchers of Porphry and Ophyts the stones of the great Altar and the stately architecture of the Church are the things most remarkeable and the same cloyster hath great reuenues In generall vnderstand that the Churches are for the most part built of bricke and some few of free stone though they be so couered with Marbles and like stones as the bricke or free stone is scarce seene in the inside In the Priory of S t Iohn belonging of old to the Templary Knights now to the Knights of Rhodes or Malta it is remarkeable that the reuenues thereof be great and that the Priory is giuen by the Pope which Paul the third gaue to the Cardinall Saint Angelo his nephew for so they call their bastards whom Alexander the Cardinall of Farness succeeded yet not as Cardinall but as Knight of Malta and after him the Pope gaue it to the Cardinall Ascanio Colonna And the most remarkable things in the Church are the pall of the great Altar the supper of our Lord painted the picture of Christ speaking with the woman of Samaria and that of Herods banquet when he gaue Iohn Baptists head to Herodia The Greeke Church belongs to this sextary built in Rio di San ' Lorenzo The almes-house Saint Lazero feeds foure hundred or fiue hundred poore people
Hill and a Hill to a Mount Many doe falsely thinke that it had the name of such vessels in which tribute was brought to Rome and then the vessels were broken here Of old eight bridges were built ouer Tyber among which is reckoned Pons Miluius vulgarly Ponte Mole without the gate IIII Delpopolo more then a mile distant from Rome and neere this bridge Constantine the Great vnder the signe of the Crosse did ouercome the tyrant Maxentius Also this bridge was famous for the night lusts of Nero The second bridge is called XXXV di Castel ' Sant ' Angelo and it was of old called Elius of the Emperour Elius Adrianus who built it but Pope Nicholas the fifth built it as now it stands and set vpon it the Image of Saint Peter with his keyes and of Saint Paul with his sword The third bridge is called XXXVI Vaticanus as leading to that Mount and was also of old called Triumphalis of the Triumphes passing vpon it and it was not lawfull for the Countrey people to enter that way but at this day onely the ruines thereof are seene The fourth bridge is called XXXVII Ponte-Sisto of Pope Sixtus the fourth who repaired it It was of old called Ianiculonsis of that Mount and Aurelius of the way of that name and it was built of marble by Antoninus Pius and after being decaied was long called Ponte Rotto that is the broken bridge till the said Pope repaired it in the yeere 1475. and it is two hundred and fifteene foote broad and is built vpon three Arches of stone The fifth bridge ioining Rome and the Iland and next to the Capitolium is called XXXVIII Ponte at quattro Capt and was of old called Tarpeius of the Rocke Tarpcia which is in the Mount Capitolino and was called Fabricius of the repairer and it is seuenty foot long and hath but one Arch of stone The sixth bridge of a Church neere it is called XXXIX di S. Maria AEgittiaca and was of old called Scnatorim and Palatinus and it is somewhat longer then the bridge Sisto The seuenth bridge of a Church neere it is called XL di S. Bartolomeo and it is opposite to the fifth bridge and ioineth the Iland with that part of Rome called Trasteuere and of old it was called Psquilinus and Cestius and it is sixty foot long hauing but one Arch of stone The eight bridge at the foot of the Mount Auentine was of old called XLI Sublicius because it was built of wood in the warre with the Tuscanes that it might be more easily broken and repaired And we read that the Tuscanes being Victors had taken Rome if Horatius Cocles had not defended the bridge till it was broken downe behind him which done he saued himselfe by swimming After that Emilius Lepidus built this bridge of stone and called it Emilius and when it was broken with floods first the Emperour Tyberius repaired it and then Antoninus Pius built it very high of marble condemned men were cast from it into the water This bridge being the first that was built ouer Tyber now is not to be seene by any ruines Rome by the great power of the Emperours and since of the Popes hath beene long most famous and was first built in Latium vpon Tyber fifteene miles from the Tyrrhene sea as the Greekes write by Ascanius Eurilantes Romulus and Remus Nephewes to AEneas or as other Greekes write by the Achiui or as other Greekes write by the sonnes of Roma a woman of Troy married to the Latine King of the Aborigenes which sonnes were Romulus and Remus or as Xenagoras writes by the sonne of Vlisses by Circe to omit many other opinions of the Greekes The Latine Historians doe no lesse vary Some say it was built by the sonnes of AEneas namely Romulus and Remus Others say that Ascanius built Alba and Remus built Capua and Romulus built Ianiculum after called Rome But I omit these diuers opinions and will follow Leander the Fryar who saith that Rome the daughter of the King in Italy built Rome the same yeere that Moses was borne And when the City had beene long forsaken for the vnwholsome ayre of the Fennes adioining that Euander comming from Arcadia into Italy seated himselfe vpon the Mount Palatine and built a City called Palantium of his City in Arcadia and he being dead that Hercules comming with an Army left some of his consorts here who built vpon the Mount of Saturnius after called Capitolinus Before the destruction of Troy for the vnwholsome aire Rome being againe forsaken that the Albani began to dwell there in Cottages and seed their flockes there For by the continuall ouer flowings of Tyber the field was made fenny and the aire vnwholsome but Historians write that vpon sacrifices made to God Vertuno these Fennes by little and little were dried vp Hee adde that Amulius tooke the Kingdome of the Albani from his brother Numiter whose daughter Rhea a Vestall Virgin being great with child by Amulius Mars or any other brought forth Romulus and Remus and Amulius left them by Tyber to perish in the waters but a shee wolfe sed them and after Faustulus ouerseer of al the flocks and cattell of Amulius tooke them home who comming to ripe yeeres killed Amulius and restored their Grand-father Numitor to his Kingdome but themselues being desirous to build a City vpon the Mount Palatine at the foote whereof they had been cast out Romulus drew with a plow the circuit of the Citie of a quadrangular forme in the 430. yeere after the destruction of Troy and in the yeere of the World 3211. He gaue Mount Celius to be inhabited by Celius King of Toseany aiding him against the Sabines and then taking by force the Sabine weomen and they making peace betweene them he gaue to Tatius and his Sabines for their dwelling the Mountaines Capitolinus and Quirinalis and to his brother Remus the Mount Auentinus and kept for himselfe and his men the Mountaines Palatinus and Esquilinus till the rest being dead himselfe alone became Lord of all The seuen rockes were of old called seuen hils hauing a pleasant plaine betweene them and Tyber and this circuit is in forme of a bent bowe the Tyber standing for the string Romu'us made the City foure square but he being dead Ancus Martius inclosed the Mount Ianiculus beyond Tyber and Seruius inclosed other Mounts on this side of the Tyber Six Kings raigned two hundred forty three yeeres in Rome and Torquine being banished it became a popular State wherein Consuls yeerely chosen did gouerne and eight hundred eighty seuen Consuls in foure hundred sixty foure yeeres by forty three battels obtained the Empire almost of the whole world In the meane time the Decemuiri that is tenne men ruled for two yeeres and the Tribunes for Military affaires hauing Consular power ruled forty three yeeres and in the time of any difficult warre a Dictator was chosen who with absolute power ruled till that businesse was ended
thereof namely clothes of Gold Damasks and Grogerans to the value of a thousand thousand zechines as the report went and setting the ship on fire tooke away the marriners for slaues And the very time of my being in this Iland seuen Turkish Gallies lay vpon this coast and robbed all the Venetian ships falling into their hands so as howsoeuer they had peace then with the Turkish Ottoman yet their ships durst not stirre out of this hauen Whereupon they hauing now occasion to send out ships for Corne the Magistrate forced the Master of an English ship then harbouring there to wast these ships though much against his will when there were some 20 Venetian ships in the same Hauen whereof diuers were of 400 or 500 tuns Also at this time it hapned that a Spanish ship of Catolonia was driuen into this Harbor and the Magistrate calling our Merchants before him would haue forced them to giue caution that the English ships then lying there should not assaile the same though betweene England Spaine war had now long time bin proclaimed but they contesting against this course as iniurious to them yet could not be dismissed till they gaue their words that our ships should not assayle the same by day or night so long as it lay in this Hauen And this Spanish ship for long time not daring to goe forth at last vpon occasion of Venetian Gallies landing there was wafted by them and so escaped Vpon the robbing and burning of the foresaid Venetian ship by Turkish Pyrates the Venetian Baliffe so they call their Ambassadour lying then at Constantinople had obtained the great Turkes Mandate that these Pyrates gallies being burnt they should presently be sent in bonds to his Court and this Mandate was brought by a Chiauss or Pencioner who came in the same ship with vs whereupon the Pyrates being more inraged against the Venetians did at this time take and spoyle another Venetian ship of some foure hundred and fifty Tunnes called the Syluester and not content with the most rich booty did cast into the Sea many Marriners yeelding to mercy and could hardly be perswaded by the intercession of Turkes passengers in the same ship to spare the liues of some twenty chiefe Marriners yet aliue and to forbeare the burning of the ship The Italians of best iudgement did not expect that the great Turke would duly punish these outrages but rather were of opinion that himselfe and his chiefe Visere would draw the greatest part of the prey to their own hands and that the Turkish Gouernours inticed by like participation would endeuour to free these Pyrates and doe their best to nourish them yea that this very Chiauss now sent with a Mandate to suppresse them would be induced by bribes to returne to Constantinople with relation that the Pyrates could not be found so they did as no doubt they would for a time hide themselues and in conclusion that the Venetians after hauing spent much money in obtaining new Mandates for their apprehension should find no other remedy but to repell force by force Vpon Wednesday the thirtieth of March after the old stile in the beginning of the yeere 1597 we set sayle but by contrarietie of winds were againe driuen backe into the Hauen of Zante Vpon Friday the first of Aprill after dinner againe we set saile and the second of Aprill sayling by the Iland Cefalonia whereof I spake in our voyage from Venice to Ierusalem we cast anchor in the outward Hauen of the Iland Corfu because the Master of our ship was sicke and this his sickenesse increasing we set saile to returne backe to the chiefe City of that Iland the Hauen whereof we entered the sixth of Aprill From Zante to Cefaloniae are seuenty miles and from thence to Corfu are 120 miles This Iland Corfu inhabited by Greekes is very fertile yeelding plenty of fruites corne wines and Currands and this Hauen is fortified with two Forts cut out off a Rocke namely the old and the new Fort which is more then a mile in circuit both being very strong and held vnexpugnable so as this Iland is worthily reputed one of the chiefe Keyes of Christendome The Master of our ship hauing recouered his health wee set saile vpon Tuesday the twelfth of Aprill and returned againe to the foresaid outward Hauen of Corfu Iland where an old woman a passenger died and her kinsemen carried her body to be buried on Land Here againe we were forced to stay the winds being contrary Atlast vpon the nineteenth of Aprill towards euening with a faire wind we ioyfully set saile and the twentieth day we sailed ouer the streight Sea betweene Greece and the Prouince of Apulia in Italy Vpon Friday the two and twentieth of Aprill towards the euening hauing sayled some two hundred miles from the said streight we were carried by the shoare of the City Raguza with a faire gale of wind and had the wind beene neuer so contrary yet our Master knowing some late difference risen betweene the Raguzeans and Venetians would not willingly haue landed in that Hauen The blame of which difference some imputed to the Raguzeans in that they fauoured the Scocchi a Neighbour people vpon the shoare of Sclauonia who being subiect to the Emperour and Christians yet robbed all kinds of ships passing these Seas and had lately spoiled and burnt a Venetian Gally in the Port of Rouinge But other alleaged a more probable cause thereof namely that some Venetian Gentlemen for some venerious in solencies there committed had Iately beene slaine in a tumult Raguze of old called Epidaurus and the chiefe City of Selauonia is foure hundred miles distant from Venice built at the foot of an high mountaine vpon the Sea shoare and hath great trafficke by those Seas and huge ships which the Kings of Spatne haue often hired and ioined to their Nauy The gouernement is popular and this City to the wonder of many doth to this day maintaine the liberty though it be seated betweene the very iawes of the two powerfull States of the great Turke and Venetians to one of which all other neere Townes Ilands and Countries are subiect For the Venetians are loath to driue them being Christians to such despaire as they might be forced to yeeld themselues to the great Turke and the City is very strongly fortified towards the sea whence the Venetians can onely assaile them besides that they pay great customes of their trafficke to the State of Venice for which reason that State attempts nothing against the freedome of the City Againe the Turkes knowing that if they should besiege the City by Land the Citizens would with all their best moueables flie into Italy by Sea and receiuing also a great yeerely tribute from the trafficke of this City where the great Turke hath his owne Officer called Chiaussagha to gather the same are also content not to molest them by warre especially since they know that the Pope the King of Spaine
such an humble and heartie submission as they might recommend into England from him Tyrone by his answere of the two and twentie of Ianuarie acknowledged vnder his hand her Maiesties mercy therein extended to him and confessed offences and breaches of the Articles there signed withall desiring them to examine the wrongs and prouocations by which he had beene driuen thereunto and protesting his sorrow for these offences The same day he met the Commissioners neere Dundalke where he being on the one side of the Brooke they on the other hee put of his hat and holding it with great reuerence in his hand said to them That hee was come thither not onely to shew his duty to them as her Maiesties Commissioners but his inward desire to bee made continued a subiect When he would haue remembred the wrongs since his late Pardon prouoking him to disloialtie they cut him off by remembring him of all the benefits and that of his last pardon receiued from the Queene which should haue counterpoised his wrongs and haue kept him in duty He confessed this with shew of great remorse and protested before God and heauen that there was no Prince not creature whom he honoured as he did her Maiestie nor any Nation of people that he loued or trusted more then the English Protesting further that if her Maiestie would please to accept of him againe as a subiect and to take such course as hee might bee so continued thus still he reserued pretence of wrongs to shaddow his future disloialties then he doubted not but to redeeme all his faults past with some notable seruices Besides hee gaue answers to diuers questions and signed them after with his hand First asked what messages and letters had passed betweene Spaine and him he answered neuer to haue receiued any but incouragements from Spaine and assurances of an Army to aide him that he neuer had further contract with the Spaniards and that he had sent the King of Spaines letter aboue mentioned to the Lord Deputie and Counsell that he neuer receiued thence any money or ought of value nor any of his confederates to his knowledge Only Odonnel had some fifteene barrels of powder whereof he should haue had a portion but neuer had it Secondly for the late Submitties Pardons and Pledges hee vndertooke that with all speede the Pledges should be sent to Dublin with Agents to sue out the Pardon 's granted in the last Treatie at Dundalke Thirdly for his making O kealy he vowed that the Gentlemen of the Countrie made him and that he would hereafter neuer meddle in the causes of the Brenny Fourthly for the Rebels of Lemster and the Butlers he answered that he neuer had confederacy with any but Feogh Mac Hugh and for the Butlers hee neuer had any thing to doe with them Fiftly for Agents in Spaine he denied to haue any or to know any his confederates had Sixthly for his iealousie of the State hee auowed it to be vpon iust causes which hee would after make knowne This done hee desired Captaine Warren might come ouer the Brooke to him and then by him he requested that himselfe might come ouer to the Commissioners in token of his faithfull heart to her Maiestie which granted he with great reuerence saluted them and with hat in hand lifting vp his eyes to Heauen desired God to take vengeance on him if her Maiestie vouchsafing to make him a subiect and to cause the Articles of Dundalke to be kept to him he would not continue faithfull and desired neuer to see Christ in the face if he meant not as he spake He confessed that the Spanish ships lately arriued in the North had brought Odonnel the Kings letter signifying that he heard the Earle of Tirone to be dead and the Irish to haue receiued a great ouerthrow desiring to be aduertised of their State And that Odonnel before his comming had giuen answer that if the King sent an Army he would take his part and hoped the like of the other Irish. But at his comming that the Spanish Captaine excusing that the King had not written to him he only told him that promise had not been kept with him by the English and therefore he would not refuse the Kings promised aide And with many execrations swore that the Captaine left neither Munition nor Treasure with him and that he neuer receiued any thing from the King of Spaine but that letter ahoue mentioned which he sent to the Lord Deputy And that he neuer wrote but three letters into Spaine all about one time and as he thought all intercepted Lastly he vehemently denied to haue incited any Mounster men to rebellion since his last pardon So with like reuerence as formerly he tooke his leaue Vpon aduertisement hereof into England the Commissioners receiued ample power to conclude all things with Tyrone Thus much they made knowne to him by letters sent to him by his old friend Captaine Warren the ninth of March with instructions to appoint the second of Aprill the day of meeting at Dundalke which Tyrone accepted with shew of ioy to be receiued to her Maiesties mercy the sweetnes whereof he had often experienced and of feare to be pursued by her forces which he professed himselfe not able to resist But by his letters the fifteene of March he made doubt of meeting pretending that his pledges were not changed according to couenant nor restitution made him by those that had preyed his Country and that his confederates could not come so soone The Commissioners replyed by letters the two and twenty of March that these were but delayes since the pledges at the meeting vpon his putting in his eldest sonne for pledge should be restored and he in all things reasonably satisfied protesting that if he refused this occasion they could doe no more for him since her Maiesty would be no longer abused by his faire promises and delayes Adding that he must conforme himselfe to the directions they had and could not alter Master Secretary wrote out of England vnto the Commissioners the two and twenty of March That her Maiesty was displeased to haue the treaty thus delayed and charged to haue the meeting in a Towne as a submission of the Rebels not in the field as a parley That her Maiesty prepared for the warre resoluing not to haue any more treaties if this tooke not effect Lastly desiring them to acquaint the Lord Deputy with all their directions and the issues and to excuse his not writing to his Lordship thinking that the Commissioners were not at Dublyn with him Vpon the tenth of Aprill in the yeere 1597 the Commissioners againe pressed Tyrone by letters not to slacke his owne greatest good by delayes and appointed for the last day of meeting the sixteenth of that present moneth and that his confederats not able then to come should draw after as soone as they could protesting that this was the last time that they would write vnto him Tyrone on the
seuenteenth of April sent his reasons of not comming First iustifying his relaps into disloialty by the truce not obserued to him and because restitution was not made him of preyes taken from him which was promised Then excusing his not meeting because his pledges by the truce being from three moneths to three moneths to be changed were still detained yea his pledges the second time put in were kept together with the first And saying that he durst not come to the Lord Generall because many promises by him made being not kept he knew it was much against his honourable mind and so could not be perswaded but that the Lord Generall was ouerruled by the Lord Deputy so as he could not make good his promises without the Lord Deputies consent who shewed malice to him and was no doubt the cause of all the breaches of such promises as had beene made vnto him Againe in regard he heard that the Lord Bourgh was to come ouer Lord Deputy who was altogether vnknowne to him he protested to feare that the acts of the Lord Generall with him would not be made good wishing that rather the Lord Generall might be continued in his command for then he would be confident of a good conclusion Finally he desired a meeting neere Dundalke the sixe and twenty of Aprill but this appointment for the day being against the last finall resolution and for the place against her Maiesties directions there was no more speech of this treaty In the meane time Sir William Russell Lord Deputy by the managing of those and like affaires finding himselfe not duly countenanced out of England in the place he sustained had made earnest suit to be called home and accordingly about the end of May he was reuoked and the Lord Bourgh so he himselfe writes others write Burke and Camden writes Borough came ouer Lord Deputy The ill successe of the treaties and small progresse of the warres together with this vnexpected change of the Lord Deputy comming with supreme authority as well in martiall as ciuill causes brake the heart of Sir Iohn Norryes Lord Generall a leader as worthy and famous as England bred in our age Of late according to vulgar speech he had displeased the Earle of Essex then a great fauourite in Court and by his merites possessed of the superintendency in all martiall affaires For Sir Iohn Norryes had imbraced the action of Brest Fort in Britany and the warres in those parts when the Earle himself had purpose to entertaine them and preuailed against the Earle by vndertaking them with lesse forces then the Earle desired for the same And it was thought that the Earle had preferred the Lord Bourgh of purpose to discontent him in regard the said Lord Bourgh had had a priuate quarrell with the said Generall in England and that besides the superiour command of this Lord though otherwise most worthy yet of lesse experience in the warres then the Generall had could not but be vnsupportable to him esteemed one of the greatest Captaines of his time and yet hauing inferiour command of the Presidentship of Mounster in the same Kingdome Certainely vpon the arriuall of this new Lord Deputy presently Generall Norryes was commanded to his gouernement of Mounster and not to stirre thence without leaue When he came thither this griefe so wrought vpon his high spirit as it apparantly brake his braue and formerly vndaunted heart for without sickenes or any publike signe of griefe he suddenly died in the imbrace of his deere brother Sir Thomas Norreys his vicepresident within some two moneths of his comming into Mounster The Lord Bourgh at his entry into the place of Lord Deputy found all the North in Rebellion except seuen Castles with their Townes or Villages all but one lying towards the sea namely Newry Knockfergus Carlingford Greene-Castle Armagh Dondrom and Olderfleet And all Connaght was likewise in Rebellion together with the Earle of Ormonds nephewes the Butlers in Mounster In this moneth of May Ororke was sent into England by the King of Scots and there executed This Ororke seemes to haue beene expelled his Countrey when Sir Richard Bingham was Gouernour of Connaght but those of his name and the chiefe of them vsurping the Countrey of Letrym still continued Rebels Tyrone hitherto with all subtilty and a thousand sleights abusing the State when he saw any danger hanging ouer him by fained countenance and false words pretended humblest submission and hearty sorrow for his villanies but as soone as opportunity of pursuing him was omitted or the forces were of necessity to be drawne from his Countrey with the terror of them all his loyalty vanished yea he failed not to mingle secretly the greatest Counsels of mischiefe with his humblest submissions And these courses had beene nourished by the sloth of our Leaders the frugality of some of our counsellers and the Queenes inbred lenity yet of all other he had most abused the late Lord Generals loue to him and his credulity which specially grew out of his loue Now of this new Lord Deputy by letters hee requested a truce or cessation which it seemed good to the Lord Deputy to grant for a moneth in regard of the conueniency of her Maiesties present affaires not any way to gratifie the Rebell for he had no purpose to entertaine more speech of his submission or to slacke the pursuit of him and his confederates to which he was wholly bent He saw the lamentable effects which these cessations together with protections had hitherto produced and among other euils did specially resolue to auoid them Therefore assoone as the moneth of truce was expired the Lord Deputy aswell by his first actions to giue luster and ominous presage to his gouernement as because he iudged it best for the seruice to strike at the head presently drew the Forces towards Tyrone The Irish in a fastnes neere Armagh so they call straight passages in woods where to the natural strength of the place is added the art of interlacing the low bowes and casting the bodies of trees acrosse the way opposed the passage of the English who made their way with their swords and found that the Irish resolutely assaulted would easily giue ground Then the Lord Deputy assaulted the Fort of Blackewater formerly built by the English vpon the passage to Dungannon whence the Eurle at his first entering into rebellion had by force expelled the English as carefully as he would haue driuen poyson from his heart This Fort he soon wonne and repayring the same put a company of English souldiers into it to guard it But 〈◊〉 the Lord Deputy with the whole army were rendering thanks to God for this good succesle the 〈◊〉 shewed themselues out of the thicke woods neere adioyning on the North-side of the Fort so as the prayers were interrupted by calling to armes The English entered 〈◊〉 and preuayled against them driuing them to styeinto the thickest of their dens In this conflict were killed Francis Vaughan
brother to the Lord Deputies wife and Robert Turnour Seriant Mastor of the Army and two foster brethren to Henry 〈◊〉 of Kildare who with his troope of Horse valiantly serued vpon the Rebell and tooke the death of his foster brethren so to heart after the education of the Irish as he shortly after died Many also were wounded among whom Thomas Walker was of chiefe name When the Lord Deputy first resolued to draw vp to Blackewater he sent directions to Sir Conyers Clifford to come vp with the Connaght forces by the way of Ballyshainnon and to meete him there which he in like sort attempted but being ouer matched by the Rebels lying in his way could not peirce so farre but was forced to retire and by that retreat wonne great reputation to himselfe and the men vnder him for hauing with him some sixe or seuen hundred foote onely of which part was of the old Britan Souldiers and being assayled by more then 2000. Rebels during thirty miles march he valiantly repelled them and safely retired to the garrison The Lord Deputy leaning the Fort at the Blacke-water well guarded to the charge of Captaine Thomas Williams withdrew the Forces towards the Pale Now the Rubels tossed betweene hope feare and shame resolued to besiege the Fort and Tyrone thought his reputation lost if he recouered it not and so with ioynt force they compassed and assay led the same Whereof the Lord Deputy being aduertised with all possible expedition gathered the forces to leade them to the reliefe of that fort and the Rebels hearing of his Lordships approach quitted the siege of the Fort and retired into their strengths Whereupon the Lord Deputy marched forward and hauing passed the Blackwater Fort and purposing to enter and passe the pace leading to Dungannon Tyrones chiefe House he fel suddenly sicke and being carried backe in his horse litter to Armagh and thence to the Newry died in the way to the great ioy of the Rebels deiected with his sharpe prosecution and bold aduentures and to the no lesse griefe of the English erected with hope of good successe Howsoeuer many of good iudgement held his purpose of passing to Dungannon very dangerous and altogether fruitlesse since no garrisons being planted to gaine ground no other issue could be hoped in the best euent then a bragge of courage in passing to Tyrones cheefe feate which no other Deputy had yet attempted And as they greatly commended the Lord Deputies valour in these actions so they feared the ingaging and losse of the Queenes Army by this or some like bold attempt After his death Sir Thomas Norreys Lord President of Mounster was vnder the great seale of Ireland prouisionally made Lord Iustice of the Kingdome as the customeis in such sudden changes who repaired to Dublin and there executed his place for one month as I thinke of September and no longer for he being sick cast down in minde by the great sorrow he had conceiued for the late death of his worthy brother made great suite to the Queene and the Lords in England to be eased of this burthen of being Lord Iustice and to haue leaue to retire himselfe to his gouernement of the Prouince of Mounster And so Adam Loftus Lord Chauncellor of Ireland and Lord Archbishop of Dublin and Robert Gardner chiefe Iustice of Ireland by letters out of England the thirteene of October were made Lords Iustices for the ciuell gouernement and the Earle of Ormond with title of Lord Liefetenant of the Army was authorized to command in cheefe for all martiall affayres Tyrone after his old custome flies vnto the Lord Lieftenant with protestations of loyalty and complaines of wrongs inforcing his disloiall courses which his Lordship aduertising into England receiued authority from thence to treat with Tyrone about his submission hauing Sir Geffery Fenton Secretary of Ireland ioyned with him for an assistant Hereupon ensued a meeting at Dundalke on the 22 of December where Tyrone made his most humble submission in writing acknowledging her Maiesties great mercie in giuing him and his Associates their pardons vpon former submissions and vpon the knees of his heart as he writes professed most heartie penitencie for his disloialtie and especially his foule relopses thereinto humbly befeeching the Lord Lieutenant to be a meanes to her sacred Maiestie for his pardon withall making knowne his grieuances which how soever they could not iustifie his offence yet might in some measure qualifie the 〈◊〉 thereof And till these might be booked to be sent ouer with his Submission most humbly crauing of his Lordship to grant a truce or cessation of Armes for eight weeks following And further to the end it might appeare that his submission proceeded from his heart promising that for the time of this cessation there should be no impediment giuen to her Maiesties Ministers bringing victuals to Blackwater Fort yea that for a poore token of his humblest duty hee would voluntarily giue to the hands of the Captaine fortie Beeues and suffer the souldiers to cut and fetch in wood or any other prouisions For his performance whereof hee offered presently to giue Pledges to his Lordship The same day hee subscribed the following articles propounded to him by the Lord Lieutenant First he promiseth for him and his associates faithfully to keepe her Maiesties Peace during the cessation Secondly that hee will presently recall all Vlster men sent by him into Lemster leauing those who should not obay his directions to the Lord Lieutenants discretion Thirdly it any during the Truce shall breake into Rebellion he promiseth not to aide them so as none depending on his Truce be in the meanetime taken in by the State without his consent Fourthly he agreeth to a generall Liberty of buying necessaries for his men in the Pale and for the Queenes subiects in Vlster and nothing to be forceably taken on either side Fiftly that vpon pretended wrongs no reuenge be taken but restitution be made within ten dayes after complaint Sixthly that during the Truce hee shall haue no intelligence with the King of Spaine or other forraine Prince but acquaint the State with any message hee shall receiue or proiect he shall heare Seuenthly that he shall presently draw a booke of his grieuances such as he can proue without mention of friuolous matters vnworthie her sacred Maiesties view Eightly that he will deliuer into the Fortforty Beeues and giue safe conduct to her Maiesties Ministers to vittaile the said Fort of Blackwater and suffer the souldiers to cut and fetch wood on the South-side of Armagh and for all other necessaries permit them to agree with the owners so as they come not of themselues into his Countrie but haue his men with them in company Ninthly that any prey being tracked into his Countrie he shall make restitution and deliuer the theeues to be executed and if any be stopped from following of his track the stopper shall answere the goods so tracked which course the Lord
thirtie shillings a day the Sergeant Maior twentie shillings a day the Lieutenant of the Horse twentie shillings a day The Quartermaster twentie shillings a day the Iudge Marshall twentie shillings a day the Auditor Generall thirteene shillings foure pence a day the Comptroler generall of the victuals ten shillings a day the Lieutenant of the Ordinance ten shillings a day the Surueyer sixe shillings eight pence two Clerkes of Munitions each fiue shillings a day foure Corporals of the field sixe shillings eight pence a day a peece one Commissarie of victuals eight shillings and three other each sixe shillings a day The Carriage Master sixe shilling eight pence a day and twentie Colonels each ten shillings a day whereof the totall in the yeere amounts to thirteene thousand one hundred twentie seuen pound sixteene shillings eight pence It contained further the pay of thirteene hundred Horse diuided into sixe and twentie Bands each Band hauing a Captaine at foure shillings a day a Lieutenant at two shillings sixe pence a day a Cornet at two shillings a day and fiftie horsemen each at fifteene pence a day whereof the totall in the yeere amounts to one and thirtie thousand foure hundred eight pound fiue shillings It contained further the pay of sixteene thousand footemen distributed into one hundred and sixty Bands each Band hauing a Captaine at foure shillings a day a Lieutenant at two shillings a day an Ensigne eighteene pence a day two Sergeants a Drum and a Surgeon each at twelue pence a day and ninetie foure souldiers and sixe dead paies allowed to the Captaine at eight pence each by the day whereof the totall in the yeere amounts to two hundred twenty eight thousand two hundred fortie sixe pound thirteene shillings foure pence Lastly it contained an extraordinarie supply of six thousand pound to be allowed by concordatum for Spies Guides Messengers Barkes hiring keeping of Prisoners buildings reparations rewardes and like charges the totall of the Establishment by the yeere amounts to two hundred seuenty seuen thousand seuen hundred eighty two pound fifteene shillings Besides her Maiesty was at great charge for many things not contained in the establishment as followeth First for Officers generall The Lord Lieftenant for his ordinary entertainement by the yeere one thousand three hundreth pound His Lordships Band of Horse by the yeere one thousand fiue hundred thirteene pound two shillings six pence His Lordships fifty footmen by the yeere six hundred eight pound sixe shillings eight pence Both these bands of horse and foot being not of the Army I take to be allowed him for his followers and the seruants in his family besides his company of horse and foot in the Army the Treasurer at warres by the yeere sixe hundred eight and thirty pound fifteene shillings The Marshall of the Army by the yeere one hundred foure pound eighteene shillings and nine pence The Master of the Ordinance for himselfe by the yeere foure hundred fifty pound three shillings foure pence and for Clerkes Gunners and Ministers of the Ordinance by the yeere foure hundred fifty nine pound fiue shillings ten pence The Muster-Master generall by the yeere two hundred nine pound seuenteene shillings six pence Secondly for chiefe Officers newly erected The Gouernour of Loghfoyle by the yeere three hundred sixty fiue pound The Gouernour of Caricfergus by the yeere one hundred eighty two pound ten shillings The Gouernour of Dundalke as much The Commander of the Forces at Rathdrum and Wickelow as much The Commander of the Forces in Ophaly as much The Commander of the Forces at Cauan as much These payments being made in sterling money doe amount to sixe thousand fiue hundred fourescore ten pound nineteene shillings seuen pence Obserue that all these aboue named Officers excepting the Muster-Master as also the Lieftenant of the Army The Generall of the Horse The Seriant Maior And likewise the Gouernours of Prouinces and Garrisons haue all beside their fees the command of a band of Horse or of Foot or of both Thirdly for Officers in the foure Courts and certaine Pattentees In the Exchequer the Earle of Ormond Lord Treasurer of Ireland hath for his fee forty pound The Treasurer at warres threescore sixe pounds thirteene shillings and foure pence The chiefe Baron threescore and eleuen pound ten shillings and in augmentation fourescore eight ponnd seuenteene shillings and nine pence The Chancellor foureteene pound The second Baron foure and thirty pound The Auditor Generall two hundred pound The Surueyor Generall fourescore pound The Remembrancer forty pound The Seriant at Law seuenteene pound sixe shillings and eight pence The Attourney Generall one hundred forty nine pound sixe shillings eight pence The Solicitor one hundred forty nine pound sixe shillings eight pence The Escheator six pound thirteene shillings and foure pence The second Remembrancer ten pound ten shillings The chiefe Ingrosser fourteene pound The second Ingrosser nine pound sixe shillings and eight pence The chiefe Chamberlaine thirteene pound six shillings and eight pence The second Chamberlaine sixe pound thirteene shillings and foure pence The Clerke of the first fruits ten pound The keeper of the Records thirteene pound sixe thillings and eight pence The Vsher of the Court three pound sixe shillings and eight pence The Clerke of the Common Pleas three pound sixe shillings eight pence The Transcriptor fifty three shillings foure pence The Deputy Auditor eleuen pound The Vicetreasurers Deputy eleuen pound The Somoniter one hundred sixe shillings eight pence The Marshall of the Court one hundred sixe shillings eight pence A Messenger foure and forty shillings fiue pence farthing Two Pursiuants each eighteene pound fiue shillings fee. In the Kings Bench the chiefe Iustice foure hundred pound The second Iustice one hundred three and thirty pound sixe shillings eight pence The Clerke of the Crowne ten pound In the Common Pleas the chiefe Iustice threescore seuen pound ten shillings and in augmentation fourescore eight pound seuenteene shillings nine pence farthing The second Iustice forty pound and in augmentation twenty pound The Prothonator ten pound In the Chauncery The Lord Chauncellor foure hundred and fifteene pound sixe shillings eight pence The Master of the Roles fifty pound and in augmentation fourescore eight pound seuenteene shillings nine pence Two Ministers each seuen twenty pound thirteen shillings foure pence The Clerke of the Crowne sixe pound thirteene shillings foure pence and in augmentation six twenty pound thirteene shillings foure pence The Clerke of the Hamper foureteene pound Diuers Officers in the Starre-chamber sixe and fifty pound thirteene shillings foure pence Diuers Ministers of the Ordinance holding by Patent one hundred thirty fiue pound thirteene shillings fiue pence farthing The Constable of the Castle of Dublyn and his warders with diuers other Constables and Porters three hundred thirty fiue pound thirteene shillings two pence farthing For Officers of the State The Secretary one hundred sixe pound thirteene shillings foure pence The Clerke of the Counsell threescore and
was imagined in England affirming of certainty that in the last cessation he had thrice at least spoken very long with Tyrone and at his last being in Mounster had once heard from him And in generall that the subiects were no better seruants to her Maiesty then the rebels with whom they daily practised and would giue no assistance with bodies or goods to her Maiesties seruice yea would no doubt quit their allegiance whensoeuer they might doe it with safety That euery rogue asked a Company and if he had one then sought a Regiment but that God blessing her Maiesties Army he hoped shortly to giue law to their irregular humours The Prouince of Mounster as I formerly said was much confirmed in rebellion by the Earle of Tyrone his last iourney into those parts where he strengthened Iames Fitz-thomas who by the Northerne rebels sent thither from Tyrone was exalted to be Earle of Desmond in the yeere 1598. and was by a nicke-name called the Suggon Earle he combined with Florence mac Carty called by the Irish Mac Carty more a name greatly followed there and in like sort with most of the great men of those parts incouraging those whom he found willing to persist taking pledges of those he sususpected to be wauering and burning and spoyling those few who did absolutely refuse to ioyne with him as the Lord Barry with some others And at this time another accident seeming of great consequence did much erect the hearts of the Rebels and dismay the subiects of those parts which I will briefely set downe Sir George Carey hauing newly receiued letters Pattents to bee Lord President of Mounster and resoluing presently to repaire to his charge departed from Dublin on his iourny thitherward the seuenth of Aprill and vpon the ninth came to Kilkenny with the Earle of Thomond in his company and one hundred horse to attend him where the Earle of Ormond told them he had appointed to parley with some Rebels of those parts wherof Owny Mac Rory was the chiefe and desired them to accompany him The tenth of Aprill they rode out of Kilkenny with some twentie Horse of the Earle of Ormonds followers and some few others mounted vpon hacknies his Lordship refusing to haue the Lord Presidents Horse to guard him So they rode eight long miles to the place of meeting and the Earle of Ormond left his Company of two hundred Foot two mile short of that place The Rebell Owny came out of the Woods with fiue hundred men well Armed and leauing his shot and the grosse of his troope some Calieuers shot distant from the Earle came vp to him with some choise pikes After an hower spent nothing concluded the Lord President moued the Earle to returne but he would first speake with the Iesuit Archer and the Rebels calling him his Lordship reproued Archer and called him traytor In the meane time the grosse of the Rebels had crept ouer the shrubs and compassed round the Earle and his companie which the Lord President disliking prayed the Earle to returne but as he turned about his hackney the Rebels tooke him prisoner and Owny Mac Rory laid hands on the Lord President but the Earle of Thomond rushing vpon him with his horse made him leaue his hold and they both escaped by the swiftnesse and strength of their horses from the pushes of many pikes wherewith the Earle of Thomond was slightly hurt in the backe This treacherie was said to be plotted by Owny and Archer and very few others for if more had knowne it many thought that the Earle had such spies and was so feared among the Rebels as his Lordship would haue had notice thereof either for feare or loue But there wanted not others who thought the Earle was willingly surprised Howsoeuer it were the Rebels did him no hurt in his person onely one of the Earles men was slaine fiue were hurt and fourteene taken prisoners The Lord President with the one hundred horse attending him and sixe hundred foote which he sent for out of Mounster kept the vnsetled humours of those parts from present tumult where the Earles true followers wanting their head and the ill affected now standing in no awe of his power were all at liberty The Countesse of Ormond was much afflicted with her husbands misfortune and with feare of her own and her daughters estate For diuers pretended to be heires to the Earle as Sir Edward Butler his brother and in respect his bloud was attainted Sir Walter Butler the Earles Nephew and for other reasons the Vicount Mount-Garret And each of these was likely to seeke to haue the Earles sole daughter in their hands besides that these controuersies bred distracted humours among the Gentlemen and others of those parts The Lord Deputie hearing hereof presently dispatched Sir George Bourcher to command in chiefe and Sir Christop Saint Laurence to assist him in guarding the Countesse her daughter and the Earles houses with the forces appointed by the Lord Deputie for that seruice namely The Earles Company of foote 200. The foote Company of Sir Christopher Saint Laurence 200. The Earles troope of horse 50. Horse of Saint Laurence 25. Sir George Bourchers horse 10. Yet the Lord Deputie conceiued the Earles surprise to bee an euill more spetious then materiall seeing no reason why the Counsels of the warre should stagger vpon his wel or ill doing For whereas some were of opinion that he was willingly taken and would declare himselfe for Tyrone his Lordship resolued that if he continued faithfull his Countries might easily be defended if otherwise as easily wasted since after the Garrisons should be once planted at Loughfoyle and those parts on the backe of Tyrone hee should bee able to spare forces for any such seruice And whereas many thought the newes would much amaze the Court of England his Lordship on the contrary since neither the Lord President nor himselfe deserued any imputation for this euent the parley being contriued without the Lord Presidents priuity and both contriued and executed without making himselfe acquainted therewith conceiued it would make the Army both better and more carefully seconded out of England And whereas it was thought that this accident would erect the rogues spirits which before began to bee deiected and so hinder the submission of many his Lordship knowing that they would neuer be faithfull to the State till they could not subsist against it was of opinion that till they were brought into greater extremities it would proue better that they should stand out then come in His Lordship the fifteenth of Aprill aduertised Master Secretarie of this accident and how he had sent forces to strengthen those parts and had taken speciall care for the safetie of the Earles daughter and heire and being loth suddenly to giue his opinion herein onely professed to thinke it strange that one so full of regard to himselfe in all his proceedings should be so easily ouertaken Then his Lordship gaue confidence that if
person but therein explained other grieuances besides the former complaints And whereas the Lords of the Counsell had taxed him for being ruled by young counsell wherby he vnderstood his three most familiar friends to be meant namely Sir Henry Dauers Sir Richard Moryson and Sir William Godolphin he boldly answered that besides the Counsellors of State hee vsed the familiarity of none which were not older then Alexander the great when he conquered the World Lastly he protested to Master Secretarie that he tooke him for his chiefest friend and knew that he had more power to do him good or hurt then any other yet as he would not dishonestly lose him so he would not basely keepe him beseeching him to vse his power in mediating licence vnto him that he might come ouer for a short time to kisse the Queenes hand for touching other fauours concerning the publike he would neuer acknowledge any particular obligation to him or to any other since hee made his demaunds as he thought best for the seruice but the granting or denying thereof concerned not him The Muster of the Army at Dundalke before the sitting downe at the Faghard Hill Colonels of Regiments In Lyst By Muster Whereof Irishmen Swords wanting Sick hurt lying at Dundalk Captaine Berey 472. The Lord Deputies Guard 200 Targets 28 120 01 00 16 Pikes 32 Shot 60 The Marshall Sir Rich. Wingfield 150 Targets 4 96 10 30 06 Pikes 39 Shot 53 Vnder the Lord Deputie 400. The Sergeant Maior Sir Oliuer Lambert 200 Targets 10 108 08 05 05 Pikes 46 Shot 52 Capt. Handserd 100 Targets 1 79 20 10 06 Pikes 28 Shot 50 Capt. Fisher. 100 Targets 3 69 05 20 11 Pikes 21 Shot 45 Sir Christopher Saint Laurence Sir Christopher Saint Laurence 200 Targets 10 141 113 14 12 Pikes 61 Shot 70 Sir Henry Follyot 150 Targets 6 90 15 10 09 Pikes 36 Shot 48 Earle of Kildare 150 Targets 6 81 78 06 14 Pikes 35 Shot 40 Sir Fra Shane 100 Targets 00 55 47 04 08 Pikes 18 Shot 37 Sir Charles Percy 336. Sir Charles Percy 200 Targets 10 149 28 30 04 Pikes 54 Shot 85 Captaine Williams 150 Targets 00 90 06 03 10 Pikes 37 Shot 53 Captaine Roe 100 Targets 4 59 08 05 01 Pikes 25 Shot 30 Capt. Stannton 100 Targets 00 38 00 00 10 Pikes 18 Shot 20 Sir Richard Morison 473. Sir Rich. Moryson 200 Targets 6 118 22 25 36 Pikes 44 Shot 68 Sir Hen. Dauers 200 Targets 26 128 12 15 22 Pikes 37 Shot 65 Capt. Caufeild 150 Targets 07 94 10 10 23 Pikes 32 Shot 55 Capt. Constable 100 Targets 3 76 01 12 05 Pikes 25 Shot 48 Ca. Rauenscroft 100 Targets 3 57 01 23 06 Pikes 24 Shot 30 Sir Thom. Bourk 276. Sir Thom. Bourk 150 Targets 06 85 82 26 14 Pikes 25 Shot 54 Lord Deluin 150 Targets 03 76 74 30 10 Pikes 30 Shot 43 Sir Henrie Harrington 100 Targets 03 40 37 08 12 Pikes 20 Shot 17 Sir Garret More 100 Targets 07 75 13 02 08 Pikes 23 Shot 45 Sir Oliuer Saint Iohns Sir Oliuer Saint Iohns 150 Targets 10 95 24 15 05 Pikes 33 Shot 52 Sir Thom. Wingfeild 150 Targets 05 102 25 20 13 Pikes 29 Shot 68 Capt. Billings 100 Targets 03 59 01 04 15 Pikes 24 Shot 32 Capt. Treauor 100 Targets 06 70 01 15 14 Pikes 23 Shot 41 The men of Dublin 50 Targets 03 44 40 00 01 Pikes 15 Shot 26 Sir S. Bagnol 346 S r S. Bagnol with brokē cōpanies and his owne 200 Targets 18 200 20 30 00 Pikes 24 Shot 158 Capt. Esmond 150 Targets 02 82 15 10 14 Pikes 28 Shot 52 Capt. Freckleton 100 Targets 03 64 03 06 02 Pikes 15 Shot 46  Totall 4150 Totall 2640 702 388 315 The greatest part of the Army haue neither Armours nor Murrions neither are here mentioned the sicke and hurt in other places besides Dundalke nor yet the warders allowed out of some of these Companies The fourteenth of September his Lordship began another iourny into the North and the fifteenth incamped at the hill of Faghard three miles beyond Dundalke and there his Lordship lay till the ninth of October in such extremitie of weather as would haue hindred his passage if the enemie had not withstood him his Lordships tent being 〈◊〉 wet and often blowne downe Before his Lordship came Tyrone with his vttermost strength had possessed the Moyry being a strong fastnesse as any the Rebels had but his Lordship resolued to march ouer him if hee stopped his way and make him know that his Kerne could not keepe the fortification against the Queenes forces Many skirmishes fell out happily to vs and two seuerall dayes the Rebels were beaten out of their trenches with great losse till at last vpon the eight of October they left the passage cleere Then after the army was a few daies refreshed at Dundalke his Lordship marched the twenty one of October to the Newry passing through the Moyry where he caused all the rebels trenches to be laid flat to the groūd and the woods to be cut downe on both sides of the Pace At the Newry for want of victuals his Lordship staied till the second of Nouember when he set forward eight miles towards Armagh and there incamped The Rebels horse-men shewed themselues vpon a hil wherupon Sir Samuel Bagnols Regiment hauing the Reare and being not yet come into the Campe was directed to march towardes them there being a bog between vs and them but the Rogues quickly drew to their fastnes The next morning his Lordship rode some quarter of a mile from the Campe and viewed a place where Sir Iohn Norreys formerly intended to build a Fort and liking his choice set downe there with the Army to build the same The place is a hill like a Promontory all inuironed with bogges a Riuer and great store of wood By it on the right hand ouer the Riuer and a great bogge was a little firme ground and then another bogge ouer that a faire Countrey with houses and much corne His Lordship could by no meanes send ouer any horse but foure miles about wherefore he commanded a regiment of foote to aduance to the first peece of firme ground and from thence to send ouer the next bogge some few men to bring in the Corne and Tymber of the houses with directions to make their retreit to the grosse if the enemies horses should fall downe that way On the left hand and before was a bogge ouer the bogge before a great wood that continueth through all this fastnes and ouer the bogge on the left hand a hill where Tyrone all that day and most of the time that the Army lay there did muster himselfe and his men This day most of his horse and foote fell ouer but farre about on the right hand vpon which our straglers that went out retired to the firme ground ouer the first bogge and there beganne betweene our foote and theirs a very good skirmish till
eight d. per diem Per annum one hundred ninety nine thousand seuen hundred fifteene li. sixteene s. eight d. Pensioners in the Muster-booke per annum one thousand eight hundred nine li. fifteene s. ten d. Pensioners by letters Patents per annum eight hundred seuenty foure li. fiue s. nine pence ob Thirteene Almesmen per annum eightie eight li. nineteene s. foure d. ob Officers of the Musters which are payable out of the checkes namely one Muster-Master at sixe s. eight d. a Comptroller at ten s. and twenty Commissaries each at three s. foure d. per diem Per annum one thousand fiue hundred twenty li. sixteene s. eight d. Extraordinarie allowance for Messengers Espials Post-barkes rewards of seruices c. per annum sixe thousand li. Totall of this Establishment per annum two hundred fifty fiue thousand seuen hundred seuenty three li. fourteene d. qu. denny Memorandum that the dead paies allowed to the Captaines in each Company of horse or foote are herein contained but the charge of munition of leuying horse and foote for reinforcing the Army with many like charges are not herein contained The sixth of Aprill 1601 his Lordship receiued aduertisement from Captaine Io sias Badley at the Nowry that he and Captaine Edward Blony Gouernour of the Forte of Mount-Norreys purposing to surprise Loghrorcan could not carrie a boat which they had prouided to that purpose but he carrying certaine fireworkes prouided in case the boat should faile went to the Fort and ioyning with Captaine Blany marched towards that Iland where they arriued by eight of the clocke in the morning and leaning their forces behind a Wood they both went together to discouer the Iland which done Captaine Bodley made readie thirtie arrowes with wildfier and so they both fell downe with one hundred shot close to the water where the shot playing incessantly vpon the Iland while the other deliuered their arrowes suddenly the houses fired and burnt so vehemently as the rebels lodging there forsooke the Iland and swumme to the further shoare That after they 〈◊〉 burnt to the ground they fired a great house vpon their side of the shoare and killed there sixe Kerne gaining their Armes besides Churles and Calliachs and after the burning of other houses also they brought away some Cowes and Sheepe with other pillage and they vnderstood by a prisoner that there were about thirty persons in the Iland whereof onely eight swumme away of which foure were shot in the water so as the rest either were killed or lay hurt in the Iland Likewise they vnderstood by the said prisoner that great store of butter corne meale and powder was burnt and spoiled in the Iland which all the rebels of that Countrey made their magasine Further that some forty kerne skirmished with them at places of aduantage in their retreat for two miles march but howsoeuer the common opinion was that the Rebels sustained great losse by this seruice yet of the English onely two were slaine and seuen hurt The seuenth of Aprill Sir Henry Dockwra Gouernour of Loughfoyle wrote to his Lordship that he had taken the submission of Hugh Boy Boy of whose seruice to her Maiesty he was confident to make manifold good vses as well for the present setling Sir Iohn Odogherties Countrey after his late death as for reuealing the Rebels secret counsels wel knowne to him Among which he confidently anowed that the King of Spaine had promised to inuade Ireland this yeere with six thousand men to land at some Towne in Munster swearing that three of the chief Cities had promised to receiue them Adding that Florence Mac Carty had written to Odonnel that he had submitted to the Queene onely vpon necessity and that vpon the Spaniards comming hee would ioyne with them This Gouernour further aduertised that Phelim Oge chiefe of a contrary faction in Odogherties country desired to make his humble submission to the Queenes mercy vpon these conditions to leaue of the name of Odogherty and obey any man to whom her Maiesty should giue that Countrey To pay all debts his men did owe to any subiects To discharge his souldiers To returne to the owners twelue hundred Beeues hee had cut for Odonnell To make satisfaction for a Barke comming to the Liffer which his people had taken and spoiled And to yeeld vp to him the Gonernor all the cattle should be found in his Countrey belonging to Odonnell Adding that Sir Iohn Bolles in a iourney made vpon Ocane had killed fifty of his people had burned many houses and much corne And that the garrison of the Liffer had spoiled Tirconnel had slaine many had brought away two hundred Cowes and great booties The tenth of April Sir Oghy Ohanlon a northerne Lord submitted himselfe on his knees to her Maiesties mercy at Tredagh and signed certaine Articles for the performance whereof hee tooke his oath And because these Articles except there fell out some speciall reason to leaue out some of them and to adde others were the same to which all submitties at this time were tied I will once for all adde the briefe of them After his acknowledgement that Queene Elizabeth by the Grace of God Queene of England France and Ireland c. Is the true absolute and Soueraigne Lady of this realme of Ireland and of euery part of all the people therof with humble confession of his former disloyaltie and of his penitency and like profession that he had felt the waight of her Maiesties power This done further to the example of all other offenders he testified that hee made this his humble submission and protestation of his penitency his future loyalty and indeuour to redeeme his faults by his good seruices Then he acknowledged vnder his hand that now before the Lord Deputy and Counsell he taketh a corporall and religious oath for all and seuerall Articles following Namely That he will euer continue a loyall subiect That for performance thereof and of all the following Articles he will put in sufficient pledges That hee doth renounce all manner of obedience to any forraine power or Potentate depending only on the Queene his Soueraigne That hee renounceth all Rebels and will not aide them but serue against them when he is commanded That hee will to the vtter most of his power withstand and confound any disloyal subiect or forraine enemy attempting against the sacred person or estate of her Maiesty or the quietnes of her faithfull subiects more especially against the Arch-traytor Tyrone and the King of Spaine supporting him That hee will come to the State whensoeuer hee is commanded neither will vpon wrongs seeke to right himselfe but will seeke redresse by course of Law That he will reueale all conspiracies of treason which hee shall heare That he will sue out her Maiesties pardon within certaine dayes for him and his followers and answer for their good behauiour That hee will booke these followers within certaine dayes That he will suffer all
vpon the Rebels promise of horse but also great store of Armes for the common people vpon hope they had giuen them of their generall reuolt and humbly praying their Lordships that in regard our greatest strength and aduantage consisted in our horses they would cause a thousand quarters of Oates to be speedily sent for Corke without which store our horses were like to starue within a short time and in case they approued the prosecution in the North to bee continued without intermission then they would bee pleased to send the like quantitie of Oates to be kept in store at Carlingford Lastly praying their Lordships to send hether a Master Gunner with sixe Canoniers The second of October his Lordship wrote this following letter to Master Secretarie SIr I doe thinke we shall finde these forces out of Spaine to be aboue foure thousand aboundantly prouided with Munition Artillery and Armes besides their owne vse to arme the Countrie people great store of treasure and of all victuals but flesh All the Chiefes that are in rebellion and all the loose sword men will presently take their parts The Lords that we haue reclaimed if we doe not defend them from Tirone must and will returne vnto him Vpon the first good countenance the Spanish army shall make I feare me many will declare themselues for them but vpon the first blow we shall receiue from the which I hope God will preserue vs I doubt there would fall out a generall reuolt The Commander of the Spanish Army is one of the greatest Souldiers the King of Spaine hath the Captaine vnder him are most ancient men their Bands some out of Italy some from the Terceraes and few Bisonioes They are specially well armed all their shot as I heard muskets they haue brought sixteene hundred saddles and Armes for horsemen of light shot whereof they make account to be prouided in Ireland and so may they be as well as in any part of Christendome and likewise to haue horses for their saddles but therein I thinke they will be deceiued There are not yet come vnto vs any other forces but such 〈◊〉 onely I found in this Prouince Vpon the arriuall of the first troopes which I looke for howerly we shall send you word of some good blowes that will passe betweene vs for I meane to dwell close by them by the grace of God to put them to it Sir the King of Spaine hath now begun to inuade her Maiesties Kingdomes if only to put Ireland in generall commotion he hath chosen the worst place if to doe that and to lay a sudden foundation for the warre of England the best if he hath beene deceiued in any expectation here the State of Spaine must now make good the errour and doubtlesse is ingaged to supplie all defects The commodity that is offered vnto her Maiesty is that shee may sooner preuent then Spaine prouide Now as her Maiesties faithfull workeman I am bold to propound in my own taske that it may please her to send presently good part of her royall Fleete and with them such prouisions for battery as we did write for and at the least so many horse and foote as by our letter we haue sued for with victuals and munitions in aboundance for them It will be fit that this Winter there be a sharpe warre made in Vlster which will keepe the Spaniard from any important succour and ruine for euer the Traitors if the warre be well followed If it be made by the seuerall Gouernours the effect will not be so great if you will haue it performed thorowly you must make one Gouernour of all Vlster and the fittest man that can bee chosen in England or Ireland is Sir Arthur Chichester If you resolue on that course from him you must continually receiue his demands onely of the three hundred horse wee did write for it were good he had sent him out of the North one hundred For foot if you send him out of England to supply the Companies at Loughfoyle and Knockefergus aboue our proportion it will be much better for Armagh and those parts shall receiue from vs. This course I hope will soone make an end of the warre in Ireland of Spaine in Ireland and perchance of Spaine for a long time with England I doubt not but you will conceiue this action to bee of no lesse importance then it is What goodly Hauens are in these parts for shipping how many fighting men of the Irish may be from hence by the King of Spaine carried for an inuasion of England the want of which two kinds hath beene his chiefe impediment hitherto you well know Beleeue Sir out of my experience here if the King of Spaine should preuaile in Ireland he may carry aboue ten thousand men from hence that ioined with his Army will be of more vse for the inuasion of England then any that can be chosen out of any part of Christen dome And now Sir that you know as I hope the worst I cannot dissemble how confident I am to beate these Spanish Dons as well as euer I did our Irish Macks and Oes and to make a perfect conclusion of the warre of Ireland as soone as if this interruption had neuer happened if wee haue Gods blessing and the Queenes and those ordinary meanes without the which none but infinite powers can worke I beseech the eternall God preserue her Maiesty and her Kingdomes and send me the happinesse to kisse her royall hands with the conscience of hauing done her the seruice I desire And so Sir I doe wish you all happinesse and will be euer From Corke the 2 of October 1601 Yours Sir most assured to doe you seruice Mountioy The same day his Lordship wrote another letter to Master Secretary as followeth SIR here are diuers worthy men very fit to haue charge who haue followed the wars here as voluntaries to their very great expence look now by my meanes to haue command vpon the comming ouer of the next Companies if you send more then serue only for supplies I haue no meanes to keep them from going thither to vse the helpe of their friends and get them Companies there but by promising them any thing that I can doe for them here for by that course I conceiue I ease you of that trouble which their importunate sutes would breede you and hold them here ready for any seruice vpon the sudden thinking it no pollicy at this time to spare any that may giue furtherance to the great worke we haue in hand If it will please you to doe me that fauour to procure that the Companies to come ouer may be appointed Captaines of my nomination I shall be able to satisfie those Gentlemens expectations who I am perswaded will be fitter for this imployment then any that can be sent from thence and they finding their aduancement here where they are to be tied to their taske will in my iudgement endeauour to deserue the best being in the
theirs doubled I am the bolder to pronounce it in his name that euer hath protected my righteous cause in which I blesse them all And putting you in the first place I end scribling in hast Your louing Soueraigne E. R. The same day his Lordship receiued letters from the Lords in England signifying that renne shippes of warre set sayle from Rochester with the first wind after the eight of October last to attend the Coast of Mounster wherein were sent two thousand foot for the Army in Mounster vnder Captaines appointed That two thousand more were then leuied to bee sent to the Army by the way of Bristow and Barstable which were left to his Lordship to bee disposed in supplies or Companies as hee thought fit That one thousand foote more were sent to supplie Loughfoyle Garrison That two hundred horse were sent to his Lordship for the Army and fifty horse to Loughfoyle That they had sent his Lordship besides the former twenty last of powder thirty last more That they had sent large prouisions of victuals And that they greatly commended the Lord Presidents prouidence that he had made his souldiers former ly liue of their pay in money and so preserued the former store of victuals in Mounster for this time without which the Army could not haue kept the field till the new prouisions ariued The last part of their L PS letter followeth in these words Hereunto we must adde this as that whereof our selues haue been a good while both hearers and obseruers That no Prince can apprehend with better acceptation your Lordships proceeding in that Kingdome then her Maiestie doth in so much as she vsed often this speech that she would not wish her Army there nor the safetie of her people in better hands then in yours In whom and so in other Principall Officers of her State and Army as she doth obserue that all difficulties are well entertained with alacritie and resolution so we must let your Lordship know that when her Maiestie had read a priuate letter of yours to mee the principall Secretarie written from kilkenny with your owne hand assoone as you had heard the newes of a forraigne enemie it pleased her Maiestie to cause it bee read to vs all as being written in a stile wherein shee discerned both the strong powers of your owne minde in promising to your selfe all happy successe against such an enemie and the liuely affections you beare to her person for which you desire to bee made a Sacrifice wherein although you haue not deceiued her former expectation yet her Maiestie would haue you know that shee doth not doubt but you shall liue to doe her many more seruices after you haue made the Prouince of Mounster serue for a Sepulcher to these new Conquerours Of the foure thousand men which now her Maiestie sendeth into Mounster wee send onely two thousand vnder Captaines the rest wee leaue to conductors to be vsed as you shall please when they arriue and to displace any whom wee doe send if you thinke them not sufficient Now therefore till wee heare further from you wee haue no more to say but that wee account our selues all in one ship with you that wee will all concurre to aduance by our Ministerie whatsoeuer her Maiestie shall resolue to doe for you all of vs hauing one ende and one desire to inable you as her Maiesties principall instrument to free that Kingdome from the malicious attempts of forraine power and to redeeme it out of the in ward misery by intestine rebellion The fifth of Nouember foure barkes with munition and victuals that were sent from Dublin arriued in Kinsale harbor and vpon certaine intelligence that Tyrone was comming vp with a great Army to ioyne with the Spaniard it was resolued by the Counsell of States and the Colonels of Councell at warre that the next day the Camp should be fortified against Tyrone on the North side furthest from the towneward and that the next day following the Lord President with two Regiments of foote consisting of two thousand one hundred men in Lyst and with three hundred twentie fiue horse should draw to the borders of the Prouince to stop or at least hinder Tyrones passage To which purpose the Lord Barry and the Lord Bourke with the forces of the Countrie had direction to attend the Lord President The sixth day the Campe was accordingly fortified and the seuenth in the morning the Lord President with the said horse and foote left the Campe at which time it was concluded by both Counsels that wee could attempt nothing against the towne vntill either the Lord President returned or the new Forces and prouisions promised from England arriued it being iudged a great worke for vs in the meane time to continue our lying before the Towne since the Spaniards in the Towne were more in number then we who besieged them The same seuenth day his Lordship and the Counsell here wrote to the Lords in England this following letter IT may please your Lordships The first and second of this present moneth we receiued her Maiesties and your Lordships most comfortable letters of the fourth and sixth of the last and for the speciall care it pleaseth you to take of vs doe yeeld as we haue iust cause our most humble and heartiest thankes protesting that we will labour to deserue the same and the continuance which it pleaseth your Lordships to promise thereof with the vttermost of our endeuours and seruices euen to the sacrificing of our liues And in the meane time humbly pray your Lordships both to accept in good part and fauourably to report vnto her Maiestie what hitherto we haue been able to performe though nothing to that we did affect if our meanes had answered our desires or that little we expected to come fome Dublin which we sent for vpon the Spaniards first landing here had by a more fauourable wind arriued sooner as we hoped Wee beseech your Lordships giue vs leaue to referre you for your information in that point to the Iournall which herewithall we send for thereby wee conceiue will best appeare both what wee haue done and were enabled to doe since the returne of Master Marshall and other Officers and Commanders sent of purpose into the Pale and the parts Northwards to draw the forces thereabouts the more speedily hither to vs and to hasten hither such other prouisions as 〈…〉 here we should haue need off And with your Lordships fauour license vs to adde that wee can hardly proceede any further till our supplies of men and munitions come for we finde it a worke of great difficulty and assured losse of men and expence of al prouisions of warre to vndertake with these meanes we haue to force so many men out of any place although it were not greatly otherwise fortified but by the bodies of men onely whereas this Towne of Kinsale hath a good wall and many strong Castles in it Wee doe looke howerly for Tyrone esteemed to
fearefull to come to you and therefore desires my license to go for England which I haue now sent him with this purpose to giue him contentment as much as may bee and yet when he comes to mee I meane to schoole him and so I hope to hold him in good termes for so at this time especially it doth behoue vs to bring our great worke to the better conclusion I make no question but that both he and O Connor Sligo and the rest of them doe all somewhat iuggle and play on both hands to serue their owne turnes and therefore truly deserue the lesse fauour for they so doe here for the most part and yet I winke at it But since it behoneth vs so greatly to draw the warre to an end to ease her Maiestie of that exceeding charge and consumption of men and Armes which her Maiestie and the State of England are growne verie wearie of and indeed vnwilling to continue much longer Wee that are here imployed as chiefe instruments to effect what so earnestly is desired must beare more for our Countries good then our owne natures can well endure and therefore let mee aduise you with much earnestnesse to apply your selfe vnto it as the onely and sole meanes to make our doings acceptable in England where we must be censured and by your next let me know certainly I pray you whether you haue done any thing already for the intituling of her Maiesty to any of their lands in that Prouince or whether you haue any way attempted it or giuen them cause to suspect it I shall be well satisfied with your answere presuming that you will doe it sincerely yet if any such thing be I pray you proceed no further in it but labour by all meanes to winne them both because I know it to be her Maiesties pleasure and that the multitude of Subiects is the glory of a Prince and so euery way it is fittest to reclaime rather then destroy them if by any good meanes it might be wrought O Connor Slige as you know was restrained of his liberty by the Rebels and that I thinke vpon a letter I sent vnto him so that hee hath a iust pretence for his standing out so long and for any action into which he shall enter neither shall we be able to disproue his allegations though perhaps himselfe be not innocent neither at the beginning nor now You must therefore be content to thinke that what he doth is by compulsion though indeed you doe not thinke so for some reasons apparant to your selfe Your stone worke at Galloway about the Bulworkes will I feare proue chargable and very long yet can I doe no more then recommend it to your good husbandry and discretion who may best iudge what is fittest Tyrone is not yet gone ouer the Earne but lies betweene that and Ruske where I haue planted a garrison and another at the Agher hard by the Clogher which lie both very fitly to doe seruice vpon him To the former all the Garrisons neere the Blackewater and that at Mountioy and Monaghan may fitly draw vpon all occasions and so I haue lefe order with Sir Arthur Chichester who hath the chiefe care of all And to the latter and to Omy which is but twelue miles from it Sir Henry Dockwra hath promised me to put vp most of the Forces of Loughfoyle and to lie there about himselfe To Eniskillin or there about Sir Henry Follyot hath direction to draw his whole Force leauing a Ward onely at Ballishannon and Beleeke which is already done but hee hath not his boates yet from you which is a great hinderance vnto him and therefore I pray you send them with all speed possible if they be not gone already Touching your motion for Master Atturney I now returne to Dublyn where if he cause it to be moued at the Table I will with the rest yeeld to any thing that is fit In the meane time you may vse the chiefe Iustice in those businesses who hath allowance for his diet and is of great experience and continuance in that Prouinee so as thereby hee may best know euery mans disposition I pray you let me heare stom you againe with as much speed as you can touching the state of that Prouince vnder your gouernement And so hoping for all these late bruites that we shall not this yeere be troubled by the Spaniards or if we be that their number shall be small for so Master Secretary hath confidently written to me out of England I commend me right heartily to you From the Newry this twelfth of September 1602. The Lord Deputy being arriued at Dublyn and this Summers seruice ended since the composing of the Irish troubles was henceforward to bee wrought by the garrisons planted in all parts vpon the Rebels and the setling of the State to be managed by Counsellors Sir Henry Dauers Serieant Maior of the Armie was the rather induced by the necessity of his priuate affaires to discontinue his seruice in Ireland Whereupon his place of Serieant Maior being void was conferred vpon Sir Arthur Chichester And because Sir Richard Moryson had a pretence to the place by former hopes giuen him from the Lord Deputy his Lordship to giue him contentment raised his Company of foote reduced lately in a generall cash to 150 to the former number of two hundred The seuen and twenty of September the Lord Deputy at Dublyn teceiued from the Lords in England this following letter directed to his Lordship and the Counsell of Ireland AFter our hearty commendations to your good Lordship and the rest of the Counsell there Whereas your Lordship in your late letters of the twenty nine of the last Iuly doth aduertise vs of a great abuse crept in amongst the Ministers of the victuals in that Realme namely that you cannot know from any of them when the victuals arriue in any Port nor whether it be of an old contract or a new nor whether it be for her Maiesty or themselues and by that meanes you can neuer find how you are prouided for nor what you may further expect and which is worse that the Rebels doe get of the best victuals that are sent thither and you cannot call the Victualer to acount thereof because he affirmes stifly that he is warranted by vs to sell it for his benefit and so as he sell it to the subiect how ill soeuer affected it is no fault of his if the Rebels afterwards get it Vpon this information from your Lordship we haue not onely called all the Victualers to account how this great abuse is committed but haue perused our former order taken this time 2 yeers when we contracted with them to appoint commissaries there for the keeping issuing of victuals by whose default being their Ministers it should seeme these lewd parts are plaied Therefore for your Lordships satisfaction in the first point the answer of Tolles and Cockain will suffice who doe absolutely affirme that they sent
Lawes and obedience due to his Maiesty The foure twentieth day his Lordship was aduertised that the Citizens of Lymrick had with their Priests entred into all the Churches of the City and there erecting Altars had vsed the Rites of the Romish Church The 25. day his Lordship wrote this letter to the Citizens of Waterford YOur letters of the three and twentieth of this instant came this day to my hands And hauing duely considered the contents of the same I find that they returne a double excuse of the courses you haue vsed first for your delay of time to proclaime the Kings most Excellent Maiesty according to such directions as was sent vnto you from the Earle of Ormond by a Counsellor of this State And the next for such disorders as were reported to bee committed by the publike breach of his Highnesse Lawes in matters of Religion To the which We returne you this answer following First albeit We would haue wished that you had had a more carefull regard to haue performed such directions as you receiued from to Noble a Peere of this Realme by so reuerent a messenger as you might assure your selues in such a matter durst not abuse you his Highnesse sole and vndoubted right concurring also with your owne knowledge and consciences yet We will not condemne you for that omission of the time seeing afterwards you did obey our directions in that behalfe and gaue so publike a testimony of your ioyful allowance and consent to his Maiesties Right and lawfull title proclaimed amongst you But as in this part you haue giuen vnto vs a kinde of contentment so in the last point Wee cannot forbeare to let you vnderstand the Iust mislike We doe conceiue that you being Citizens of wisdome and good experience and the Lawes of the Realme continuing in force would be drawne either by your Priests or any like practises to commit any publike breach of the Lawes and the rather because out of that vnspotted duty which you professe you haue euer carried to the Crowne you would not in reason conceiue that the example of your offence in such a cause and in so great and populous a City could not but in it selfe be very dangerous in these disordered times wherein examples doe carry men astray which in discharge of Our duty to the Kings Highnesse Wee may not suffer And therefore haue resolued to make Our speedy repaire vnto those parts for none other purpose but to establish his Maiesties Lawes that no publike nor contemptious breach be made of them wherein We wish you had bin more wary contenting your selues with the long and fauourable tolleration you enioyed during the late Queens raigne rather then in this sort to haue prescribed Lawes to your selues whereby in wisdome you may perceiue how much you haue preiudiced the very obtaining of your owne desire by the courses you haue taken as we are credibly informed And yet because it may be that the reports of your behauiour haue beene made more hainous then there is cause Wee are well pleased to suspend Our giuing credit to such particular informations vntill vpon due examination the truth may appeare wherein We hope and shall be glad that you can acquit your selues so of these imputations now laid vpon you or otherwise that you conforme your selues now at last in such sort to the obedience you owe to his Maiesty and his Lawes as We be not inforced to take seuere notice of your contrary actions The same day his Lordship was aduertised from the Mayor of Galloway that howsoeuer he found no seditious inclination in the Citizens yet to preuent disorders in these mutinous times the Gouernor of the Fort had giuen him some of his souldiers to assist his authority whom he to that purpose had placed in the strongest Castles of the City The same day his Lordship receiued letters from the Mayor of Corke signifying that the thirteenth day of this moneth he had published in the City the Proclamation of the King with the greatest solemnity he could and complaining that the Souldiers in the Kings Fort offered many abuses to the Towne with offer from the Corporation to vndertake the safe keeping of that Fort for his Maiesty The 26 day his Lordship wrote to the Soueraigne of Wexford that whereas they excused their erecting of popish rites by the report they heard of his Maiesties being a Roman Catholike he could not but maruell at their simplicity to be seduced by lying Priests to such an opinion since it was apparant to the World that his Maiesty professed the true religion of the Gospell and euer with carefull sincerity maintained it in his Kingdome of Scotland charging him and those of Wexford vpon their Wexford to his Maiesty to desist from the disordered course they had taken in celebrating publikely the idolatrous Masse least hee at his comming vp into those parts should haue cause seuerely to punish their contempt shewed to his Maiesty and the lawes of his Kingdome The same day his Lordship was aduertised from the Commissioners of Mounst r that the Citizens of Corke grew daily more and more insolent defacing places of scripture written on the wals of the Church to the end they might wash and paint ouer the old Pictures and that one tearmed a Legat from the Pope with many Priests had gone in solemne procession hallowing the Church and singing Masse therein publikely the Townes-men hauing placed guards of armed men set at the Church dore and at the Porch yea burying their dead with all Papisticall Ceremonies and taking the Sacrament in like sort to spend their liues and goods in desence of the Romish Religion and thereupon taking boldnes to offer wrong to the English and to practice the getting of the Kings Fort into their hands yea refusing to sell any thing to the English for the new mixed money and not suffering the Kings victuals to be issued out of the store till they had assurance that the Souldiers should be sent out of the liberties of Corke The 27 day his Lordship wrote to the Soueraigne of Clemmell commending him and the rest of that City that they had proclaimed the King with great ioy and gladnesse but charging them vpon their vttermost perill to cease from the publike exercise of the Romish Religion which they of themselues had mutinously established The same day his Lordship wrote this following letter to the Soueraigne of Kilkenny AFter my hearty commendations I haue receiued your Letters of the 25 and 26 of this moneth and am glad to vnderstand thereby that you are somewhat conformable to my directions being willing to haue cause to interpret your actions to the best but though I meane not to search into your consciences yet I must needs take knowledge of the publike breach of his Maiesties Lawes and whereas you let me vnderstand that the Inhabitants are willing to withdraw themselues for their spirituall exercise to priuacy contented onely with the vse of the ruinous Abbey
them hauing the Lawes Magistrates People and all passengers together with a good cause on his side but this is peculiar to the English that not onely the officers of Iustice but all priuate men present or meeting him by chance are bound to apprehend a murtherer or any theefe that the next Constables or vnder officers are bound to pursue them by hue and cry from Village to Village and City to City And howsoeuer the English are for a great part discended of the French and so partaking with them nature and manners haue also like customes more specially in quarrels and single fights yet in France they haue not this custome to pursue and apprehend malefactors Onely they haue Marshals in seuerall Prouinces to pursue malefactors with light horses but otherwise onely the officers of Iustice vse to apprehend them in Cities And of late to represse the malice of men after a long ciuill warre breaking out into single fights and murthers they haue made seuere Lawes and imposed great penalties vpon those that quarrell especially if any bloud be shed whereas in England onely man slaiers are called in capitall question and small or no punishment is inflicted vpon one that lightly wounds another For the rest the French and English haue the same aptnesse to quarrels and the same brauerie in these single fights Also the Scots are therein like the English saue that the Scots will take parts and assaile an enemie with disparitie of numbers and armes wherein also the Northerne English are not at this day fully reformed In this kind the Barbarous Irish doe offend in Ireland but the English and Irish-English there haue the customes of the English And in times of peace few or no theeues rob by the high waies of Ireland but the stealths of Cowes Horses and Sheepe are frequent All I haue said of this subiect is onely to this purpose that the Traueller being informed of the condition of Iustice Combats and Roberies in forraigne parts may better learne to apply himselfe to patience and to vse moderation according to the necessitie danger more proper to him then others in diuers places 24 Being to write of simulation I am at a stay and grope for passage as in a darke Labyrinth for the voyce of the Vulgar esteemes the vice of dissimulation proper to a Traueller and highly doth reproch him there with Shall we then say that hee who knowes so to liue with Italians Spaniards and very barbarous Pagans as he can gaine their well-wishing will be at home and among his friends subiect to the odious vice of dissimulation the very plague of true friendship Surely by trauell the good become better in all kinds of vertue and the ill more wicked in all vices But let the indifferent Iudge tell me if the greater part of Clownes vnder their rugged cotes and most Lawyers and Merchants vnder the shadow of faire words and sometimes wicked periuries haue not more skill to dissemble if that be to deceiue then any Traualer whatsoeuer not excepting Plato himselfe No doubt simulation in fit place and time is a vertue He that cannot dissemble cannot liue But hee that so dissembles as he is accounted a dissembler indeed hath not the skill to dissemble but is noted with that infamy so as another shall better bee belieued vpon his word then hee vpon his oath Cicero commends the saying of Epicharmus Remember to distrust and calles it the sinew of wisedome and the Italians haue a Prouerb Da chi mifido miguarda Dio Da chinon mifido miguarderò io From him I trust God helpe me at my neede Of him I trust not my selfe will take heede Antigonus prayes God to defend him from his friends Let me speake of mine owne experience My selfe was neuer deceiued by the Italians whom I suspected but by a German which Nation hath a cleare countenance and generall reputation of honesty I was at Lindaw stripped and cousoned for a time of al the gold I carried about me Therefore it is a point of art for a Traueller to know how to auoide deceit and how to dissemble honesty I meane to saue himselfe not to deceiue others Let him haue a cleare countenance to all men and an open brest to his friend but when there is question of his Countries good of his enemies lying in waite for him of his owne credit or life let him shut his bosome close from his inward friends That Counsell thou wouldest haue another keepe first keepe it thy selfe A Traueller must dissemble his long iourneys yet onely in dangerous places and among suspected persons My selfe haue obserued some too warie in this kinde who in most safe waies vsed grosse caution to hide from their neere friend the purpose of their iourney and sometimes in Cities would conceale where and what hower they dined and supped In like sort a traueller must sometimes hide his money change his habit dissemble his Country and fairely conceale his Religion but this hee must doe onely when necessity forceth Let mee insist vpon some examples which are most proper to manifest the truth in a darke argument My selfe in Italy many times passed for a German and then consorted my selfe with Germans faithfull companions as they bee all in generall haters of drunkennes as some of them be either drinking altogether water or vsing the French diet and of the same Religion with me as those are of the Palatinate of Rheme and in some other Prouinces Then I couenanted with these my consorts that when any man spake Dutch to me though I had some skill in that Language especially for vulgar speeches and most of all if wee were in any long discourse one of them should take the answere out of my mouth as being slow of speech though it were done somewhat vnmannerly Secondly that if I were discouered in any dangerous place not to be a German as I professed they should say that I was vnknowne to them and by the way fell into their company and so withdrawing themselues out of danger by leauing the place should leaue to me the care of my selfe And with these consorts I went to Naples and there confidently though lesse wisely in respect of the warre betweene England and Spaine I entered to view the strong Fort kept by the Spaniards and after went to Milan Another time vnder the name of a Polonian I went to the Duke of Loraine his Court at Nanzi where being curiously sifted by the guard at the City-gate and being asked many questions about the King and Queene and State of Poland I so satisfied them as they admitted me into the City but when at the very entrance they bad me hold vp my hand which ceremony the French vse in taking of othes I was much affraied least they should put me to my oath for my Country but when they had asked me if I came not from any place infected with the plague and I had answered no vpon my oth they let me passe into
faire Cities Vrbinum subiect to the Duke thereof which some make part of Ptcanum Rimini Bologna subiect to the Pope and ancient Rauenna which with the greatest part of this Prouince is subiect to the Pope who erected Vrbine from a County to a Dukedome with couenant of vassalage which the Popes seldome omit yet some part of the Prouince is subiect to the Venetians 11 Lombardy of old was part of Gallia Cisalpina which the Riuer Padus vulgarly Po and of old called Eridanus diuides into Cispadan on this side the Po and Transpadan beyond the Po. Cispadan of old called Emilia now vulgarly di qua del ' Po containes Pigmont so called as seated at the foote of the Mountaines whereof the chiefe Citie is Turin of old called Augusta Taurinorum and this Prouince is subiect to the Duke of Sauoy Also it containes the Territory of Parma subiect to the Duke thereof wherin are the cities Parma Piacenza Transpadane vulgarly di la del ' Po containes the Dukedome of Milan the chiefe City whereof is Milano and it hath other Cities namely Como where both Plimes were borne seated on the most pleasant Lake 〈◊〉 vulgarly di Como abounding with excellent fishes Also Tic. num vulgarly 〈◊〉 where the French King Francis the first was taken prisoner by the Army of Charles the fifth Lastly Cremona among other things famous for the Tower This Dukedome is the largest and richest of all other as Flaunders is among the Counties and it is subiect to the King of Spaine 12 Also Transpadane Lombardy containes the Dukedome of Mantua subiect to the Duke thereof and Marca Treuisana or Triuigiana subiect to the State of Venice Mantua is the chiefe City of the Dukedome and Marca Treuisana hath the famous Cities Venice Padoa 〈◊〉 Verona Vicenza Brescia and Bergamo The 〈◊〉 of old inhabited all Cisalpina Gailia who gaue the name to the Iyrrhene Sea and were expelled by the Galles and of them the Insubres inhabited the Transpadan part and there built Milano and the Senones inhabited the Cispadane part 13 Histria is deuided into Forum Iulij and Histria properly so called Vorum Iulij vnlgarly Frieli and Patria because the Venetians acknowledge they came from thence was a Dukedome erected by the Lombards the chiefe City whereof is the most ancient Aguilegia adorned with the title of a Patriarchate which at this day is almost fallen to the ground Neere that City is a Towne in which they write that S. Marke penned his Gospell Now the chiefe City is Frioli The confines of this Region lie vpon Marca Trenisana and all the Prouince to the Riuer 〈◊〉 is subiect to the State of Venice The other part is subiect to the Arch-Dukes 〈◊〉 Austria Here growes the wine Pucinum now called Prosecho much celebrated by 〈◊〉 14 Histria properly so called is almost in the forme of a Peninsule almost an Iland and the chiefe City is Iustinopolis vnlgarly Capo d'Istria and all the Prouince is subiect to the State of Venice Italy in Winter time namely the moneths of December January and February hath a temperate cold with little or no frosts or Ice And howsoeuer my selfe did see not onely the Riuers of the State of Venice but the very Inland Seas of Venice frozen and couered with thicke yce for the space of three weekes yet the Venetiaos find it was a rare accident In Summer the heate is excessiue and the dew falling by night is very vnwholsome as also thunderings and lightnings are frequent which doe great hurt both to man and beast then abroad as sad experience often shewes them But in the Dog-daies no man is so hardy as to put his head out of his dores or to goe out of the City For they prouerbially say Quando il Sole alberga in Leone 〈◊〉 sano guadagna assai that is When the Sunne lodgeth in the Signe of the Lion he that preserues his health gaines enough This excesse of heate they carefully auoid by inhabiting vpon the sides of the Mountaines and Hilles towards the Sea which cooleth the windes and by retiring into vaults vnder ground or open Tarrasses lying vpon Riuers and free from the Sunne Yea some haue found the meanes by an artificiall Mill to draw Winde into a vault and from thence to disperie it into any roome of the house All Italy is diuided with the Mount Apennine as a back is with the bone and vpon both sides thereof as well towards the North as South the Hilles and Plaines extend towards the Tirrhene and Adriatike Seaes in so narrow compasses as many times a man may at once see both the Seas from the top of the Mountaine so as the fresh windes blowing from each Sea doe not a little mitigate the heate of the clime For the Sea windes blowing from any quarter whatsoeuer while they gather cold by long gliding on the water must needes refresh where they blow as on the contrary winds sweeping vpon the earth increase the heate Thus in the West part of Sicily when the South East wind blowes and sweepes vpon the plaine parched by the Sun it brings excessiue heate yet the same wind yea the very South wind in his nature most hot when they sweepe vpon the Sea and after beate vpon the Mountaines of Liguria doe bring a pleasant coolenesse with them Touching the fertility of Italy before I speake of it giue me leaue to remember that Ierome Turler writing of Trauell into forraigne parts relates that a Prince of Naples hauing a kinseman to his pupill who desired much to see forraigne Kingdomes he could not deny him so iust a request but onely wished him first to see Rome whether he went and after his returne the Prince tooke an accompt of him what he had seene and finding him sparingly to relate his obseruations in that place he made this answere to his request Cozen you haue seene at Rome faire Meadowes Plaines Mountaines Woods Groues Fountaines Riuers Villages Castles Cities Baths Amphitheaters Play-houses Temples Pillars Statuaes Colosses triumphall Arkes Pyramides Academies Gardens Water-Conduits Men good and ill learned and vnlearned more you cannot see in the vniuersall World then be content and stay at home And so he restrained the young Man in his desire to trauell wherein perhaps he rather sought to get liberty then experience This I write to shew that the Italians are so rauished with the beauty of their owne Countrey as hauing by sharpenesse of wit more then the true value of things magnified and propounded to strangers admiration each Brooke for a Riuer each vice for the neighbour vertue and each poore thing as if it were to be extolled aboue the Moone they haue thereby more wronged themselues then vs. For we passing through Italy though we find our selues deceiued in the fame of things yet still we heare and see many things worthy to be obserued but of the Italians holding Italy for a Paradice very few sharpen their wits with any long voyage and great part
Cardinals Hat maried Isabel daughter to the K. of Spaine and gouernes Netherland but hath no children 7. Wencestaus 8. Fredericke 9. Carolus al three died yong Foure sisters Anna married to the King of Spaine anno 1563 died anno 1580. Elizabeth married to Charles the 9 King of France anno 1570. Mary Margaret died yong Fiue sisters Elizabeth married to the King of Poland died an 1545. Anne wife to the Duke of Bauaria Marie wife to the Duke of Cleue Magdalen vnmarried and Catherine wife to the Duke of Mantua and after to the King of Poland Ferdinand of Ispruck so called of that Citie wherein he holds his Court. Hee married the daughter of the Duke of Mantua by whom he had some daughters but no heire male But by a Citizens daughter of Augsburg his wife hee had two sonnes This is the third Family of the Arch-Dukes called of Ispruch the Citie wherein they liue Charles Marques of Burgh Andrew a Cardinall Iohn died a childe Sixe sisters Leonora wife to the Duke of Mantua Barbara wife the Duke of Feraria Margareta Vrsula Helena and Ioanna Charles of Gratz so called of that City where he held his Court. Hee is the fourth sonne of the Emperour Ferdinand by Marie the daughter of the Duke of Bauaria Hee begat twelue children and dying in the yeere 1519 left two sonnes besides diuers daughters This is the fourth Family of the Arch-Dukes of Austria called Zu Gratz of that City wherein they hold their Court. Ferdinand zu Gratz Carolus Posthumus Margeret gouerned Netherland and died in the yeare 1530. Leopold the second Duke of Austria died in the yeare 1386. Fredericke proscribed in the Counsell at Constantia died in the yeere 1440. Sigismond dyed in the yeere 1497. Ernestus of Iron died in the yere 1435. Ladislaus Posthumus King of Bohemia vnder George Pochibraccius his Tutor and King of Hungary vnder Iohn Huniades Tutorage died in the yeere 1457. Thus I haue shewed that besides the branch of the House of Austria now raigning in Spaine there remaine three branches thereof in Germany the first of the Emperour Rodolphus and his brethren Ernestus dying in his life time Mathias and Maximilianus and Albertus Whereof foure liued vnmarried the fifth named Albertus hath long been married but hath no child The second branch is that of Ferdinand of Ispruch waa married Philippina the daughter of a Citizen in Augsburg whereupon his kinsmen difdaining that her ignoble Issue should enherit with them forced him to agree that the County of Tyroll should not descend vpon his sonne whereupon his eldest sonne by her named Charles possesseth onely the City and territory of Burgh which was in his Fathers power to giue with title of the Marquesse of Burgh and the said County at the Fathers death fell backe to the Emperour His second sonne Andrew Cardinal of Brixia besides the spirituall possessions of that County hath also the Bishopricke of Costnetz in Sueuia But Ferdinand of his second wife daughter to the Duke of Mantua had some daughters but no heire male The third branch is of Charles of Gratz who besides his heires males left eight daughters whereof one is now married to Sigismund King of Poland by election and of Suecia by inheritance the second to the Prince of Transiluania the third to Philip King of Spaine The Emperour by right of his owne inheritance not of the Empire is Lord of many and large Prouinces namely King of Hungary King of Bohemia with the annexed most fertile Prouinces of Morauia Silesia and Lusatia Also towards the Alpes he hath by Inheritance many large Prouinces gotten by his Progenitors as appeares by his Pedegree namely the Arch-Dukedome of Austria the Prouinces of Styria Carinthia Carmola Tyroll and other large territories in Sueuia and Alsatia besides great iurisdictions among the Sweitzers called the Grysons Ferdinand the Emperour brother to the Emperour Charles the fifth married the sister and heire of Lodouicus King of Hungary and Bohemia and after the vnhappy death of Lodouicus killed in the field by the Turkes in the yeere 1526 was chosen King of Bohemia which Kingdome with the Empire descended to his heires And this Kingdome is exempted from the Parliaments and Contributions of Germany by a priuiledge granted by Charles the fourth Emperour and King of Bohemia of whom the Germans complaine as more respecting Bohemia then the Empire In which point he is lesse to be taxed because howsoeuer that Kingdome freely elects their Kings yet the heire is therein alwaies respected before any other and being an Infant yet is commonly chosen King with a Tutor for his Nonage The three States of Barrons Knights and Citizens chuse the King but Ferdinand the Emperour in his life time caused his sonne Maximilian to be chosen King In like manner this Emperour Rodolphus was chosen King of Bohemia and also King of Hungaria while his Father liued And howsoeuer he being vnmarried hath lesse care of his Successour yet custome and the publike good haue such force as Bohemia seemes hereditary to the House of Austria either for feare of so great a Family bordering vpon the Kingdome or because they iustly triumph to haue the Emperours sente at Prage the cuecfe City of Bohemia especially since no Prince out of that Family is able to beare the burthen of the Empire if they obserue the Law binding the Electors to chuse an Emperour among the Princes borne in Germany As the said three States choose the King so they chuse a Viceroy for life to gouerne the Kingdome at the Kings death and to be one of the Electors as King of Bohemia at the choyce of the Emperour dead in the same person Yet commonly before this time wherein the vnmarried Emperour neglects the succession the Germans were wont while the Emperour liued to chuse his successor intitled King of the Romans At this time the Baron of Rosenburg was Viceroy of Bohemia for life who held his Court neere Lintz vpon the confines of Austria and was said to haue the keeping of the Kings Crowne in a Castle called Carlstein Touching Hungary it had the name of the people called the Hunns who vnder their King Geysa receiued the Christian Religion his sonne Stephen was chosen King in the yeere 1002 from whom in order many Kings haue beene chosen so as due respect was alwayes had of the eldest sonnes to the deceased who sometimes refused did stirre vp ciuill warres King Andrew about the yeere 1230 first gaue great priuiledges to the Nobility which their Kings to this day haue vsed to confirme as soone as they were elected King Vladislaus in the yeere 1490 first ioyned the Kingdomes of Bohemia and Hungary together whose sonne Lodouicus perished in the vnhappy battell against the Turkes in the yeere 1526 At which time Ferdinand of the House of Austria brother to the Emperor Charles the fifth and successor to him in the Empire was chosen King of Hungary as well by the couenant which the
Abbot and Towne of Saint Gallus the Rhetians or Grisons the Bishop of Sedun the Valcsians and the Townes Rotauile Mulhasium and Bipenue And the gouernements are Turgea that of Baden of the Rhegusci of the Sarunetes of the free Prouince the Lugani the Locarnenses the Inhabitants of the middle Valley and the Bilitionenses That of Turgea is subiect to the seuen old Cantons yet Bern Friburg and Solothurn haue also their rights in capitall causes That of Raden the Sarunetes the Rhegusci and the free Prouince are subiect likewise to the seuen old Cantons onely Bern hath beene admitted partner in that of Baden and Apenzill in that of the Rhegusci The foure Italian gouernements are equally subiect to all the cantons excepting Apenzill and the Bilitionenses are subiect to the three old Cantons All these ioined haue these Cities and Townes Zurech Bern Lucern Zug Bazill Friburg Solothurn Schafhusen the Towne of S. Gallus Chur of the Grisons Sedun of the Valesians Roteuil Mulhuse Bipenne all the rest dwell in Villages Among the cantons Bazill of the Rauraci Schafhusen of Germany Glarona in part of the Grisons Vria in part of the Lepontij are seated out of the old confines of Sweitzerland and so are all the fellowes in league excepting the Abbot and Towne of S. Gallus and the Towne Ripenne Among these the old Nation of the Rhetians now called Grisons were of old called Valesiani Viberi Seduni and Veragri And Roteuile is a city of Germany and Mulhuse of the Sequaui in France Among the gouernements the Rhegusci and the Sarunetes are of the old Rhetians and the Luganenses the Locarnenses the Mendrisij and the Inhabitants of the middle Valley and the Bilitionij are of the Lepontij and Italian Nation which tongue they speake Many doubt to number these confederates among common-wealths since each of them is no otherwise tied to the decrees of the other then by free consent as all priuate societies are whereas in a commonwealth the greater part binds all yet because they haue one common councell and most of the Prouinces are ruled thereby because warre and peace is made by common consent and they liue almost vnder the same lawes and customes and are vnited strictly in perpetuall league Semler concludes that this society comes neerest to the forme of a common-wealth for whereas some hating the nation obiect Anarchy to them and say they got freedome by killing the Gentlemen and others interpreting it more mildly and confessing the oppression of the Gentlemen yet iudge the reuenge to haue exceeded all measure the truth thereof will appeare by the History of Semler and others shewing that great part of the Gentry was extinguished by the House of Austria Therefore it must be a mixt commonwealth if such it may be called being neither a Monarchy of one iust King Aristocraty of iust great men nor Democrity a popular state much lesse any of the corrupt commonwealths called Tyranny Oligarchy and Anarchy that is the tyranny of a King or of noble men or a confused State the equity of the gouernment shewing that it much differs from them The Vrij Suitij Vnderualdij the Glaronenses dwelling scattered and Zug though it be a Towne gouerne all with the consent of the people Zurech Bern Lucern Bazill Friburg Solothurn and Schafhusen are gouerned by the cheefe men but since the Magistrates are chosen by the people some of these Cities are more some lesse Aristocraticall or popular The Ambassadours sent to publike meetings haue Aristocraticall forme but since they are chosen by the people with limited power it may seeme popular And it is not vnequall that the people hauing setled freedome with their danger should be partners of their gouernement but in the meane time the Sweitzers auoide as much as they can the discommodities of a popular State while none but the best and most wise are sent to the meetings and howsoeuer their power is limited yet when they returne they so relate all things to the people as they easily vnderstand them and giue consent thereunto But to make the strict vnion of these confederates more apparant it will not be amisse to peruse some of the heads of the league between the eight old Cantons Therin first is cautioned of sending mutuall aides so as first in publike counsell the iustnes of the warre may be examined Then the aides are not to be required of all but of each particular Canton according to their mutuall leagues Zurech by old league hath right to require aides of the first six Cantons and by a new league also of Bern. And Bern requires aide of the three first Cantons and they of Bern. Lucerna requires aide of fiue Cantons The three first Cantons require mutuall aides of one another and of all the rest Zug and Lucerna are bound to aide the fiue Cantons Glarona requires aide of the three old cantons and Zurech Thus while one Canton cals the next ioined to it in league howsoeuer each one cannot require aid of all or each one by right of league yet in any common danger all the Cantons bring their forces being called of some one or more Cantons in league with them besides that they haue wisely decreed that in sudden dangers all shall bring succours whether they be called or no. They which are called to giue aide by vertue of any league serue at their owne cost without any pay Between Bern and the three old Cantons it is decreed that if the aides be sent beyond certaine bounds then they which called them shall giue them pay and in like sort certaine bounds of sending aides are limited between all the rest of the Cantons in their seuerall leagues with all conditions expressed In any siege the Canton which causeth it is bound to find many necessaries but if the cause be publike all prouisions are made at the publike charge The foure old cantons and Glarona cannot make any new league which is free to the rest alwayes preseruing the old league which they also may encrease or diminish by common consent It is decreed that euery fiue or ten yeeres this league shall be renewed by word or writing or if need be by oath Zu rech Bern Vria Suitia and Vnderualdia in this league except the rights of the Roman Empire Lucerna and Zug the rights of the Dukes of Austria Glarona the rights of their lawfull Magistrates and each Canton the rights of old leagues When the said eight Cantons receiued the other fiue into their number besides the foresaid heads it was decreed among other things in their league that the fiue last cantons howsoeuer wronged should make no warre without the consent of the eight old Cantons and in like sort that they should make no league without their consent neither in time of warre should refuse good conditions of peace And lastly it was decreed that without great cause no warre should be made in places out of the mountaines and difficult passages of that Prouince where
demands with other men yea at home froward and obstinat in traffick and in following their Comands vnder whose pay they serue in war Their chiefe men haue pensions of Princes to fauour them in their publike meetings and so publike Counsels being referred to priuate profit they are apt to be corrupted and by degrees fall at discord among themselues with great lessning of the reputation they had gotten among strangers He addes that the Sweitzers at the Popes instigation armed against the French in Milan as if it were onely the act of Suitia and Friburg who pretended offence against the French for a messenger of theirs killed by them And that the French King for sparing a small addition to their Pensions neglected to reconcile himselfe to them and so lost their friendship which after hee would haue redeemed with great treasure hoping that either they would not arme against him or if they did that hauing no horse nor artilery they could do him small hurt The same Guicciardine in the actions of the yere 1513 witnesseth that the Sweitzers had then gotten great reputation by the terrour of their Armes and that it seemed then that their States or Burgesses and souldiers began to carry themselues no more as grasers or mercinary men but as Senatours and subiects of a well ordered Common-wealth and that they now swaied all affaires almost al Christian Princes hauing their Ambassadours with them by pensions and great rewards seeking to haue league with them and to be serued by them in their warres But that hereupon they grew proud and remembring that by their Armes the French King Charles the eighth had got the Kingdome of Naples and Lewis the twelfth the Dukedome of Milan with the City and State of Genoa and victorie against the Venetians they began to proceede insolently in the affaires with Princes that the French King Francis the first then wooed them and to haue audience gaue them the Forts of Lugana and of Lugarna with such indignitie did Princes then seeke their friendship Yet that hee could not obtaine his demaunds but that they rather chose vpon ample conditions of profit to assist the Duke of Milan Also in the actions of the yeere 1516 when the Emperour ioyned with other Princes in League against the King of France he writes that the Sweitzers according to their Leagues serued both on the Emperours and the French Kings side And that the Emperour knowing the hatred that Nation bore to the House of Austria feared lest the Sweitzers on his owne part should serue him as they serued the Duke of Milan at Nouaria thinking it more probable in that he wanted money to content them whereof the French King had plenty And that hee feared this the more because their generall Captaine had with much insolency demanded pay for them And that hereupon the Emperour retired with his Army the Sweitzers not following him but staying at Lodi which after they sacked and so returned home Of the other side hee writes that onely some few of the Sweitzers were at first come to the French party who professed to bee ready to defend Milan but that they would in no wise fight against their Countrimen on the other side That the French complained of the slow comming of the rest and at first doubted lest they should not come and when they came feared no lesse lest they should conspire with their countrimen seruing the Emperour or left vpon pretence of their Magistrates command they should suddenly leaue thē and returne home That the French iustly complained thus of their slow cōming purposely vsed to be affected by them and continued to doubt of their faith especially because they had alwaies said that they would not fight with their country men and to feare as before lest the Cantons should recall their men from seruing the French which feare after increased when they saw two thousand of them already returned home and doubted that the rest would follow Also in the actions of the yeere 1526 he writes that the French King made request to haue a great leauy of Sweitzers hoping they would readily serue him the rather to blot out their ignominy in the battell of Pauia but that this Nation which not long before by their fierce nature had opportunity much to increase their State had now no more either desire of glory or care of the Common-wealth but with incredible couetousnesse made it their last end to returne home laded with money managing the warre like Merchants and vsing the necessitie of Princes to their profit like mercenary corrupt men doing all things to that end in their publike meetings And that the priuate Captaines according to the necessity of Princes stood vpon high termes making most impudent and intollerable demaunds That the French King requiring aides of them according to his league they after their accustomed manner made long consultations and in the ende answered that they would send no aides except the King first paid them all pensions due in areare being a great summe and not suddenly to bee prouided which their delay was very hurtfull to the King making his Army long time lie idle By the premises we may gather that the Sweitzers Armes were first made knowne to forraine parts about the yere 1483 that they increased in reputation to the yere 1513 when they attained to the height of their glory which fel in few yeres by the foresaid iealousies and couetous practises And no maruell for their leagues and leuies are made with huge expences Their Bands are great consumers of victuals and wasters of the Countries they passe They make frequent and great mutinies for pay They haue league with the Emperour as possessing the Arch-Dukedome of Austria with the Kings of Spaine as Arch-Dukes of Austria by title as heires to the Duke of Burgundy and Conquerors of the Dukedome of Milan and with the Kings of France vpon ample Pensions Now all the warres of those times hauing been managed by these Princes and the Sweitzers by league seruing on all sides since they will not fight against their Countrimen small trust can be placed in their auxiliary Bands If any man speake of the King of England he did not in those times leade any army into the continent but associated with one of the Kings of Spaine or France or with the Emperour in which case the Sweitzers serued vpon the same condition on both sides And if any of their confederates should make warre with the King of England at home they shall haue no vse of Sweitzers who condition in their leagues not to bee sent beyond the Seaes nor to be imploied in Nauall fights If any man speake of the warres in Netherland the Sweitzers wil be found no lesse vnprofitable to their confederates those wars consisting in taking and defending strong places and the Sweitzers couenanting in their leagues not to haue their bodies diuided nor to serue in that kind And in truth since all the rage of late warres commonly
Cantons the Gouernours are sent by course from the Cantons for two yeeres who iudge according to the lawes of the seuerall people and for those beyond the Alpes the Gouernour hath assistants of the Country chosen and ioyned with him to iudge of capitall and more weighty causes but in Ciuill causes he iudgeth alone though sometimes he calles some of the wiser inhabitants to aduise him therein The Gouernours about the Solstice of the yeere yeeld account before the Senate of Sweitzerland which then iudgeth the appeales made by the subiects They serue the Cantons in warre to which they are subict and they follow the standard of that cantons which for the present yeere giues them a Gouernor and in ciuill warre they are bound to follow the greater part of the Cantons to which they are subiect The Gouernor of Baden is present in the publike Senate of the Sweitzers he takes the voices and they being equall is the arbiter of the difference but he hath only power in the territory of Baden not in the City and there he appoints capitall Iudges for life for their manner is that the Iudges once chosen by him exercise that place so long as they liue And the same Gouernour hath the power to mitigate their Iudgements The next in autority are the Clerke or Secretary and the vnder or Deputy Gouernour Two little Townes of the County or territory of Baden haue Gouernours from the Bishop of Costnetz but they serue the Sweitzers in their warres and the Gouernour of Baden is their Iudge for capitall causes The prefecture or gouernement of Terg most large of all the rest hath 50 Parishes whereof some haue their own immunities or priuiledges the rest are subiect to diuers iurisdictions but the Soueraigne power is in the Gouernour sent and chosen by the Cantons excepting Cella where the Citizens haue their owne gouernement the Bishop of Costnetz hauing only the keeping of the Castle and halfe the mulcts or fines The seuen Cantons with consent of the Lords in the seuerall iurisdictions of all this prefecture of Torg appoint one forme of Iustice. And the Iudges impose very great fines which belong to the Cantons and especially vpon crimes which haue coherence with capitall offences namely foule iniuries breaches of peace violence offered by the high way challengers of publike waies or passages changers of Land-markes or goods committed in trust to their keeping breakers of publike faith and those who scandale or reproch any Magistrate The prefectures of the Saranetes and the Rhegusci and those of Italy haue each a Gouernour vulgarly called Commissary sent from the Sweitzers and because the people speake the Italian tongue hee hath a Sweitzer skilfull in that tongue for his interpreter The people hath the power to chuse their owne Magistrates and Officers and to determine of things concerning their Common-wealth the Commissary not intermedling therewith CHAP. VI. Of the Netherlanders Common-wealth according to the foresaid subiects of the former Chapters LOwer Germany called of old Belgia and now commonly Netherland which the French name Pais bas that is Low countries is diuided into seuenteene Prouinces as I haue formerly shewed in the Geographicall description thereof namely seuen Counties of Flaunders of Artois of Hannaw of Holland of Zealand of Zutphane and of Namurtz foure Dukedomes of Luzenburg of Limburg of Brabant and of Gelderland the Lordship or Dominion of West Freisland three Countries or Territories or places of Iurisdiction of Grouing of Vtrecht and of Transisola vulgarly Dlands ouer Ysel To which fifteene Prouinces that the number of seuenteene may be compleate some adde the County of Walkenburg which is part of the Dukedome of Limburg and others adde the two dominions of Mecblin and Antwerp which are contained vnder the Dukedome of Brebant And how soeuer it be not my purpose to speak of any other Prouinces then those which they cal vnited and through which onely I passed yet it is not amisse in a word or two to shew how these Principalities at first hauing seuerall Princes by little and little grew into one body and in our daies through ciuill warre became diuided into two parts the one of diuers Prouinces vnited for defeuce of their liberty the other of the rest remaining vnder the obedience of their Prince The County of Flaunders hath giuen the name of Flemmings to all the inhabitants of these Prouincess before named and the Earles thereof when other Prouinces were erected to Dukedomes did obstinately retaine their owne degree least they should disgrace their antiquitic with the newnesse of any Ducall or other title And it is manifest that this Earle was the first Peere of France hauing the prerogatiue to carry the sword before the King of France at his Coronation and to gird the same to his side being not bound to appeare in Iudgement before his Compeeres except some controuersie were about the property of his Earledome or he should deny iustice to his subiects and finally hauing the badges of Soueraigne Maiesty to raise an Army to make Warre and Peace to yeeld no tributes or subiection to the King of France to punish or pardon his subiects to make Statutes to grant priuiledges to coine mony and to write himself by the Grace of God Earle which no other Prince of France might do but only the Duke of Britany Baldwyn Earle of Flaunders in the yeere 1202 became Emperour of Constantinople and held that dignity sixty yeeres after which time the Empire returned to the Greekes Earle Lodwick died in the yeere 1383 and Margaret his daughter and heire was married to Phillip Duke of Burgundy who by her right became Earle of Flaunders Charles Duke of Burgundy died in the yeere 1477 and Marie his daughter and heire was married to the Emperour Maximillian and so Flaunders became subiect to the House of Austria For Phillip sonne to Maximillian died before his father and left two sons whereof Charles the eldest was Emperour the fifth of that name and heire to his Grandfather Maximillian And Charles the Emperour taking the King of France Francis the first prisoner in the battell of Pauia in the yeere 1525 forced him to renounce all Soueraigne power ouer Flaunders and Artois and to yeeld the Rightes of the House of Aniou to the Kingdome of Naples and of the House of Orleans to the Dukedome of Milan and of Genoa Charles died and his younger brother Ferdinand succeeded him in the Empire being long before designed his successor by being chosen King of the Romans but he left al his States of inheritance to his eldest son Phillip King of Spaine The rest of the Prouinces by like right of marriage became subiect to Maximillian and so fell to Charles and lastly to the King of Spaine excepting Virecht and the Transisolan Dominion which by the yeelding of the Bishop reseruing his spiritual rights and of the States of those Prouinces were ioyned to the rest and so finally fell to Phillip King
of Spaine Histories witnesse that some of these Prouinces did owe homage to the Empire and the rest to the King of France till they fell into the hands of the powerfull Dukes of Borgundy who by diuers transactions tooke all rights from the Kings of France and because the Empire hath been euer since in the House of Austria it cannot seeme strange the Kings of Spaine being of the same House that these Prouinces haue been freed of the homage due to the Empire The Emperour Charles the fifth happily gouerned these Prouinces with great iudgement handling the people gently who had alwaies been held vnder a gentle yoke by their Princes inioying great priuiledges inuiolably kept to them neuer vsed to absolute gouernement but hauing often taken Armes when their Princes imposed exactions vpon them or broke any of their priuiledges and so bringing their Princes to iust and equall termes But his son Phillip K. of Spaine and many other Kingdomes straying from his Fathers example in the gouernement of Netherland and obstinately despising his counsell which at his death as it were by his last Testament he gaue him to handle this people gently and not induring their voluntarie and free subiection hath caused the greater or at least the richer part of these Prouinces to fall from him and his heires For vpon the first dissention about Religion Pope Pius the fourth induced Phillip King of Spaine to publish a Decree in Netherland for the establishing of the infamous Inquisition first inuented in Spaine of late to punish the Iewes and Saracens who being Christians yet retained their owne rites and also for the execution of the Decrees made in the Councell of Trent which done more then 400 Gentlemen made petition to the King to abolish this decree and ioyning the intercession of the Emperor sent this petition to the King by the hands of diuers Lords and Gentlemen whereof the Prince of Egmond was one who had done the King very great seruice in the battell of Saint Quintens These petitioners were despised by the Spaniards and called Geuses that is beggers or poore slaues and the King sent them backe vnregarded and sent the Duke of Alua to go uern Netherland who cruelly raged against the Professors of the reformed religion beheaded the Prince of Egmond and the Earle of Horn both Knights of the golden fleece and on all sides proceeded butcherly In the meane time the Prince of Orange who formerly had in vaine perswaded the Prince of Egmond to fly foreseing this tiranny with other banished Geutlemen was gone out of Netherland and fled to the Prince of Condy in France At last the Duke of Alua hauing brought all in subiection reformed the policy and imposed an exaction of the tenth penny was recalled into Spaine whither he retourned with much treasure he had extorted and Don Iuvan of Austria succeeded in that Gouernment in whose time the fatal Ciuill warre began in Flaunders and shortly after mutinous troopes called Male contents ioined together neither acknowledging the King nor the States of the Prouinces and while Don Iunan pursued them he died in the Camp in the yeere 1578. Then Alexander Farnese Duke of Parma was made Gouernor of Netherland and the King persisting in his purpose to bring that people to absolute subiection and the Professors of the reformed religion being grieuously persecuted and all the people being murinously affected for the newe and tirannicall exaction of the tenth penny without consent of the generall States the troubles still continuing in Flaunders at last some few Prouinces hauing the Prince of Orange for their Generall in the warre strictly combined themselues in league for mutual defence So Flaunders and the firme land was left vnder the Spanish yoke but the confederate Prouinces firmly resoluing to cast off all subiection to the King of Spaine instituted a new forme of common wealth For the Prince of Orange wisely and variantly procuring the publike good was in the yeere 1584 traiterously slaine with a baller by a desperate Roague whereupon the cities of Flaunders lay open to the Duke of Parma But the foresaid vnited Prouinces cast themselues into the protection of the Queene of England and if my memory faile not they are thus named Holland Zealand Vtreiht Groning west Friesland besides many townes for Gelderland some fortes and strong cities of Brabant and Ostend in Flaunders a towne for neerenes fit to annoy the Enemy And the foresaid fortes and strong cities for the most part lying vpon the coast of the sea within land vpon the mouth of the Rheine where it fals into the sea gaue free traffick by sea to the vnited Prouinces forbad the same to the cities within land and besides yeelded this commodity that as the Spanish soldiers from their forts send frey booters to spoile the vnited countries of Gelderland Groning Friesland so the soldiers of the states might frōthence make incursiōs vpō the countries subiect to the King of Spaine wherby the country people were forced to pay large yeerly cōtributions to be free from this spoile The few inhabitants of these small Prouinces whome men will iudge but a breakefast to the Spanish Army notwithstanding haue not only bene able to this day to keepe out these powerfull forces from entring their territories but may iustly brag that they haue wonne many strong forts and townes from the Spaniard and carried their Army into Flaunders where in a field fought at Newport they obtained a glorious victory against the Spaniardes And so much in small progresse of time haue their iust and moderate Counsells increased their common-wealth gouerned with great equity and equality as at last forsaken as it were by the King of France for the time hauing little helpe from England they alone did not onely long defend themselues from the powerfull reuenge of the Spaniard but stoutly bearing out the warr to a wished peace are now no more to be pittied but in common iudgment rather to be enuied and feared by their neighbours Mention hath bene made of the Prince of Orange and hereafter mention is to be made of his sonne Count Maurice therefore it will not be amisse to say somthing of this noble family The vnited Prouinces consisting of citizens and the common people there being few Gentlemen in Friesland and few or none in Holland and Zeland and such kind of Plebean men vnfit to leade Armies they aswell for the common-wealths sake first tooke the Prince of Orange for their head as after for thankfulnes to him much esteemed the Family of Nassaw and besides others of that Family gouerning in Friesland and other parts made choise of the said Princes sonne Count Maurice to be General of their Army but with limited power from the States and he hath a double as I thinke voice in their publike meetings in which notwithstanding hee seldome or neuer vsed to be present His father the Prince of Orange had all his
inheritance in Brabant and Flaunders excepting the Principality of Orange seated in France neare the City of Marseits und when he suspected the counsels of the King of Spaine into whose net Count Egmond confident in his innocency and great seruice done to the King and the Count of Horne vnaduisedly fell he first withdrew himselfe into France and after into Holland where as I said hee ioyned with the States of the Vnited Prouinces and was much respected and loued of them all inioying from them honourable meanes of maintenance well deserued in that his name and assistance much profited the common cause He had many wiues first he married the Countesse of Buren sole daughter and heire to her father and she bare him a sonne who in the beginning of these troubles was a Student in the Vniuersity of Louan whence the Gouernour called him and sent him into Spaine and she bore him likewise a daughter which was married to Count Hollock a German well respected by the States for his warlike reputation and good seruices done to them and he with his wife liued in Holland when I passed through these parts His second wife was the sister to the Elector of Saxony by whom he had the foresaid Count Maurice who yet being young succeeded his father in the generall conduct of the States Army and about this time whereof I write had taken two strong Cities in Brabant the inheritance of the Prince of Orange namely Bredaw and Getrudenberg and because they were part of the Earledome of Buren some difference was then about them betweene the said Count Maurice and his said sister by the fathers side wherein it was generally said that the States fauoured the Count. Also the Prince had by this wife a daughter after married to the Gouernour of Friesland His third wife was sister to the Duke of Mompensier in France which had been a Nun and by her hee had sixe daughters Lewis married to the Palatine of the Rhein Marie then liuing at Hage the third liuing then in France the fourth with the Count of Schwarthenburg and Francis also then liuing at Hage and a sixth then brought vp in the County of Nassaw His fourth wife was a French Lady of the Family Chastillon famous in that worthy Admirall of France killed in the Parisian Massacre And this wife after the Prince was slaine liued then at Hage with her onely sonne by him who being borne at Delph in Holland was therefore and for many respects much regarded by the Hollanders and yet being a childe was honoured with military commands and a large stipend for his maintenance and shortly after had the title of Colonell of Holland with no small addition to his meanes Being now to speake of the Magistrates Lawes and degrees of Orders in this Commonwealth it will not be amisie first for coniecture of the generall estate of Netherland to write some few things out of Marchantius a Flemming and other approued Authours particularly of the County of Flanders for the preheminence it alwaies had ouer the rest of the Prouinces The chiefe strength of the Common-wealth of Flanders is in the Counsell or Parliament of the three generall States namely of the Clergy the Nobility and the foure members in steed of the people making the third estate in other Kingdomes and without the consent of these the Earles were neuer wont to exact money or make warre And howsoeuer the King of Spaine hath weakned the authority of this Counsell yet when Subsidies are imposed the very forme of old proceeding comforts the people as a shadow of their old liberty The Earle by writing is to appoint the time and place of this Assembly or in the Earles name the Counsell of Flanders vsed to call together the Burgesses or Deputies thereof In these three States the Clergy is of chiefe dignitie as well for their degree as for the greatnesse of their reuenewes and many Territories vnder their command and among these were onely fiue Bishops till Pope Pius the fourth in the yeere 1560 estalished three new seates of Bishops at Gant Bruges and Ypre The first degree of Nobility is that of Barons hauing their name of Banners which they are bound to follow whereof there bee very many in Flanders and of them some in later times haue beene raised to the titles of Earles and Princes In the second ranke are the Lords of Townes and Villages whence Gentlemen haue their sirnames and they cannot be numbered without tediousnesse But almost all of them haue possession giuen them from some of the Feudatory Courts of the Earles of Flanders and differ in many customes but in this all agree that he who hath this fee cannot alienate it without the consent of the Prince and the next heire or vpon oath giuen in Court that hee doth it for pouerty and want The inheritance of Fees descends to the eldest sonnes a third part reserued for the younger brothers so they giue ouer to the elder their part in the other goods that are not in Fee And it is an high fault if these Lords impose any tribute vpon their subiects except it bee with the consent of the Earle of Flaunders There bee some of these that are called vassals whereof some are clients of an higher some of a lower degree And the Earle of Flanders hath about seuenteene feudatory Courts and the number is very great of Clients in Fee depending immediately vpon one or other of the said Courts whereby the Earle hath many pecuniary profits and other seruices vpon fines and alienations of inheritance In the third rancke of Gentlemen are they who hold inheritance in Fee whereof some are tied to the Iurisdiction and Counsell of the Earle as the Chancelor so called of correcting or cancelling writings ill drawne with blotting outlines which dignitie is tied to the Prepositure of Bruges Church and before the Counsell of Flaunders was erected this Office was of greater authoritie then now it is Others of this kind are Burgraues or Castellanes or high Sheriffes who are set Iudges ouer Townes and Castles with prerogatiue to haue a proportion of the mulcts or fines which dignity belongs to certaine Families and may be alienated to others by sale or for dowrie in marriage and all haue not the like but diuers iurisdiction and preheminence The Burgraue of 〈◊〉 hath the Lordship or command of the Towne which no other Burgraue hath the ruling of the weights in the Market the customes at the Gate capitall Iudgement the fines that are vnder three pounds of Paris and a part with the Earle of the greater fines and the power to appoint the Baily Scabins and Burgomafter and a third part of the goods of bastards dying without children Also the Burgraue of Ypre takes an oath to himselfe of the Officers of that Towne as well as to the Earle and he hath the fines and power to appoint Magistrates Others of this third rancke of Gentlemen haue warlike Offices by inheritance as the
priuiledge of age and sex euen where the Parents leaue Children lawfully begotten I returne to the foresaid Prouinces which I said to be vnited in mutuall league for their defence against the Spaniards The said Prouinces at the first breaking out of the ciuill warre when Antwerp was besieged humbly and instantly besought Elizabeth Queene of England to vndertake their patronage and defence and to encourage and giue her more power offered her the Soueraignety of those Prouinces but the most wise Queene with graue counsell and for weighty reasons refused to take them for Subiects Perhaps among other reasons of greater weight fearing lest vndertaking that warre as Queene of the Prouinces most part of the burthen thereof should fall vpon her English subiects thinking it probable that the Netherlanders being a people which had often taken Armes against their Prince of all other things least bearing new taxes and impositions which they professed next the persecution for Religion to be the chiefe cause of this warre would alwaies be apt to stir vp sedition when her Maiesty as their Prince should impose but half the tributes customes which themselues by general consent for loue of liberty haue imposed born with incredible patience during this warre And howsoeuer her Maiesty desired their liberty should be preserued yet the peace betweene England and Spaine howsoeuer shaken by many iniuries on both sides prouoking desire of reuenge notwithstanding was not yet fully broken And it seemes probable to me not knowing those counsels but by coniecture that her Maiesty being a woman the King of Spaine being powerfull and some of her Subiects being alienated from her for the reformation of Religion thought it more wisdome to suffer warre for her iust defence then her selfe openly to beginne the same yet would shee not altogether neglect the afflicted people of those Prouinces but resolued with the States thereof that they should make Count Maurice sonne to the Prince of Orange Generall of their Army gouerning their owne affaires and her Maiesty should professe the defence of that afflicted people with whom England alwaies had strict league of trade and amity till meanes might be vsed for restoring them to the King of Spaines fauour Whereupon at the instant suite of the States the tenth of August in the yeere 1585 her Maiesty granted them an aide of fiue thousand Foot and a thousand Horse to whom her Maiesty was to giue pay during the warre yet so as the Prouinces were bound to make restitution of all her expences when the warre should be composed and for pledge of performance should giue into her Maiesties hands the Towne of Vlishing in Zealand with the adioining Castle of Rammekins to be kept with a Garrison of seauen hundred English foote and the Towne of Brill with some adioining Forts to be kept with a Garrison of 450 English Foot the said Prouinces being bound as I said to make reall satisfaction to her Maiesty at the end of the warre for all expences aswel of the said Forces as of these Garrisons which amounted yeerly to the summe of one hundred twenty six thousand pounds sterling And her Maiesty for the safety of her neighbours bore this intollerable burthen till the yeere 1594 at which time Sir Thomas Bodley Knight her Maiesties Ambassadour for those Prouinces by a new transaction diminished those great expences the wealth of those Prouinces being then much increased aswell by the concourse of Merchants leauing desolate Flanders to dwell in that flourishing State as because they had brought many Countries by right of warre to yeeld them contributions namely all the Sea Coast of Brabant some part of Flanders with the Countries vulgarly called Ommelands Drent Twent Linghen Limbrough and Walkenbrough and had greatly increased their tributes aswel in Holland Zeland Freesland and Vtrecht as in Guelderland Zutphan Dlandt ouer Ysell and lastly had taken many strong Townes of no small moment namely Deuenter Zutphan Nimmenghen Stonwicke Bredaw Hulst Steneberg and Groninghen The state of those Prouinces being as I said thus increased and her Maiesty being forced for many yeeres to keepe a strong army at home to subdue the Irish Rebels her Maiesties Ambassadour at the foresaid time made a new transaction with the States for diminishing the charge of the English Forces seruing them And this helpe so long giuen by her Maiesty to the vnited Prouinces cannot seeme of smal moment For howsoeuer the Queen did not alwaies keepe the full number of the said Forces and sometimes called home or cashiered part of them yet shee did alwaies maintaine the greatest part decreasing or increasing the same according to the necessity of the present affaires and imploied the Forces called home onely in voiages by Sea profitable aswell to the vnited Prouinces as to England and that for a short time of Sommer seruice after sending them backe to serue the States The States who gouerne these Prouinces if they haue made no change in particulars which at pleasure they both can and vse to doe are graue men Counsellors or Burgesses vulgarly called States chosen by the people of each City and Towne not for a limited time but during pleasure and with full power who residing in the chief City of the Prouince haue care all iointly of the prouinciall affaires and each particularly of his Cities or Townes affaires And this Counsell must needes be distracted with diuers opinions arising from the diuers affaires of each Prouince City Town and the seuerall commandements they receiue at home These prouinciall States chuse among themselues one two or three Burgesses for each Prouince according to the condition and capacity of those that are chosen for how many soeuer they be they haue but one voice for their Prouince at generall meetings and these they send to reside at Hage in Holland with like authority as they haue there to gouerne the publike affaires of all the vnited Prouinces and they are called the generall States And as the prouinciall States may be diminished in number or increased according to the occasions of the publike businesse or of any particular meeting and may bee called home by the Citizens who chuse them so the generall States chosen by them to reside at Hage enioy their places vpon like condition And out of these generall States certaine chosen men are made Counsellors to order the affaires of warre and to assist and direct the Generall of the Army therein Others are set ouer the affaires of the Admiralty others ouer the Chauncery of Brabant and others ouer diuers particular Offices I call them Counsellors of the Chauncery of Brabant who manage the affaires of Brabant belonging to Holland This must alwaies be vnderstood that the Burgesses or States of Holland in respect of the dignity of that Prouince many waies increased and inriched aboue the rest haue somewhat more authority and respect then any other but the wheele of the publike State is turned by the Senate of the generall States residing
Citie are seated vpon Mountaines yet lower then any other part of the Citie Vpon the higher part of Mount Sion on the same South side towards the West lie many ruines of houses and it is most certaine that the Tower of Dauid and other famous houses there which are now without the walles were of old inclosed within them and that the City extended somewhat further towards the South then now it doth Yet the Hill of Sion is so compassed with knowne Vallies and those Vallies with high Mountaines as this extent could not be great Ierusalem was of old called Moria where they write that Adam was created of red earth is seated vpon Mount Moriah vpon the top wherof towards the North-west is Mount Caluery where they say that Abraham was ready to sacrifice his sonne Isaac and where without doubt our Sauiour Christ suffered and in the lowest part of this Mountaine the Temple of Salomon was seated The Citie was after called Salem and thirdly Iebus and fourthly Ierusalem and at this day the Turkes haue named it 〈◊〉 It is compassed with stately walles the like whereof I did neuer see of red and blacke stone more then an Elle long and about halfe an Elle broad I call them stately for the antiquitie wherein for the most part they much excell the Roman walles I numbred seuen Gates The first of Damasco of old called the Gate of Ephraim on the North side The second of Saint Stephen on the East side which of old had the name of the beasts for sacrifice brought in that way The third the golden Gate also on the East side which at this day is shut and bricked vp The fourth the Gate of presentation on the South-side leading into the Temple of Salomon but at this day shutvp The fifth Sterquilinea also on the South side so called of the filth there carried out The sixth the Gate of Syon also on the South side neare that part of Mount Syon which at this day is without the walles but this Gate hath been newly built The seuenth of Ioppa towards the West also newly built In generall the Gates are nothing lesse then fortified only as it were to terrifie the Christians who enter at the Gate of Ioppa they haue braggingly fortified the same and planted great Ordinance vpon it And howsoeuer the Citie seemes strong enough against sudden tumults yet it is no way able to hold out against a Christian Army well furnished neither doe the Turkes trust to their Forts but to their forces in field The houses here and in all parts of Asia that I haue seene are built of Flint stone very low onely one storie high the top whereof is plaine and plastered and hath battlements almost a yard high and in the day time they hide themselues within the chamber vnder this plastered floare from the Sunne and after Sunne-set walke eate and sleepe vpon the said plastred floare where as they walke each one may see their neighbours sleeping in bed or eating at table But as in the heate of the day they can scarce indure to weare linnen hose so when the Syren or dew falls at night they keepe themselues within dores till it be dried vp or else fling some garment ouer their heads And with this dew of the night all the fields are moistened the falling of raine being very rare in these parts towards the Equinoctiall line and in this place particularly happening onely about the month of October about which time it falles sometimes with great force by whole pales full The houses neare the Temple of Salomon are built with arches into the streete vnder which they walke drie and couered from the Sunne as like wife the houses are built in that sort in that part of the Citie where they shew the house of Herod in both which places the way on both sides the streete is raised for those that walke on foote lying low in the middest for the passage of laded Asses In other parts the Citie lies vninhabited there being onely Monasteriesof diuers Christian Sects with their Gardens And by reason of these waste places and heapes of Flint lying at the dores of the houses and the low building of them some streetes seeme rather ruines then dwelling houses to him that lookes on them neere hand But to them who behold the Citie from eminent places and especially from the most pleasant Mount Oliuet abounding with Oliues and the highest of all the Mountaines the prospect of the Citie and more specially of the Churches and Monasteries which are built with eleuated Glòbes couered with brasse or such glistering mettall promiseth much more beauty of the whole Citie to the beholders eyes then indeed it hath The circuit of the walles containeth some two or three Italian miles All the Citizens are either Tailors Shoomakers Cookes or Smiths which Smiths make their keyes and lockes not of Iron but of wood and in generall poore rascall people mingled of the scumme of diuers Nations partly Arabians partly Moores partly the basest inhabitants of neighbour Countries by which kind of people all the adioyning Territorie is likewise inhabited The Iewes in Turky are distinguished from others by red hats and being practicall doe liue for the most part vpon the sea-coasts and few or none of them come to this Citie inhabited by Christians that hate them and which should haue no traffique if the Christian Monasteries were taken away Finally the Inhabitants of Ierusalem at this day are as wicked as they were when they crucified our Lord gladly taking all occasions to vse Christians despitefully They esteemed vs Princes because wee wore gloues and brought with vs shirts and like necessaries though otherwise we were most poorely appareled yet when we went to see the monuments they sent out their boyes to scorne vs who leaped vpon our backes from the higher parts of the streete we passing in the lower part and snatched from vs our hats and other things while their fathers were no lesse ready to doe vs all iniuries which we were forced to beare silently and with incredible patience Hence it was that Robert Duke of Normandy being sicke and carried into Ierusalem vpon the backs of like rascalls when he met by the way a friend who then was returning into Europe desiring to know what hee would command him to his friends hee earnestly intreated him to tell them that he saw Duke Robert caried into heauen vpon the backs of Diuels The description of the Citie and the Territorie Now followes the explication of the Citie described and first the small Line drawne within the present walles on the West side of the Citie shewes the old walles thereof before Mount Caluery was inclosed within the walles by the Christian Kings for now there remaine no ruines of the old walles this line being onely imaginarie 1 Mount Sion without the walles for part of it is yet inclosed with them 2 The faire Castle which was built by the Pisans of Italy while yet
they were a free State and the building is not vnlike to the Italian Castles It was now kept by a Turkish Agha and Garrison hauing great store of short Iron Ordinance of a huge boare lying at the Gate for terrour of the people I remember that when wee walked after Sunne set vpon the top of the Latine Monastery as those of Asia walke vpon their houses this Agha sent a souldier to vs commanding vs to goe from beholding the Castle or else he would shoote at vs whom we presently obeyed Thus they suspect Christians and suffer them not to enter this Citie with Armes but narrowly search their baggage 3 The Gate of Ioppa Zaffa or Griaffa in some sort fortified where for terrour to the Christians they haue planted some Ordinance for the other Gates haue none neither are fortified at all and all the Christians enter at this Gate 4 The Gate of Mount Sion no whit fortified and newly built as it seemes by the Turkes as also that of Ioppa is 5 The ruines of the house or Pallace of the High Priest Caiphas where they shew a place with a pillar vpon which the Cock crowed when Peter denied Christ and a place where the fire was made at which Peter warmed himselfe and a tree in the place where he denied Christ finally a narrow prison in which Christ was shut vp till the day brake and so he was led to Pilate And the Sect of the Armenian Christians keepes this monument 6 The old Monasterie of the Latine Christians called il Santo Cenacolo which the Turkes haue taken from the Christians and turned to a Mahumetan Mosche or Church and no Christian may enter this place kept by the Santons or Turkish Priests except he will giue an vnreasonable reward which giuen yet he is not free from danger if other Turkes see him enter Here Christ did wash his Apostles feete did eate his last Supper with them did appeare to them after his Resurrection the doores being shut and againe after eight dayes appeared to Thomas doubting Here the holy Ghost descended vpon the Apostles and the Apostle Matthew was chosen by lot The Italian Monastery noted with the figure 33 hath all these representations painted and to these pictures the Pope hath giuen as large indulgences for Papists as if they had seene the other places from which the Turkes keepe them as vnwashed dogges The Sepulcher of Dauid is not sarre from this place kept by the Turkes forbidding entrie to the Christians And here they shew the ruines of the Tower of Dauid or of his Pallace on the South side of the Church-yard giuen to Christians of Europe for buriall in the same place where Dauid of old droue out the Iebuzites In like sort on the South side of this old Monastery is the place where they say the Virgin Mary died 7 Here they shew a place where the Iewes stroue in vaine to take the body of the Virgin Mary from the hands of the Apostles as they carried it to be buried in the Valley of Iehosophat 8 The Caue wherein they say Peter vsed to bewaile the denying of Christ. 9 Here they say the Apostles hid themselues whilst Christ suffered on the Crosse. 10 Here they shew the field Acheldamus bought by the Iewes for a buriall place with the thirtie pence Iudas brought back to them And here looking into a huge caue of the Mountaine we did see infinite whole bodies imbalmed of dead men and standing vpright And this place is giuen for buriall to the Christians of Asia 11 the Gate Sterquilinea at which the filth of the Citie is carried out and cast into the Brooke Cedron And Christ betraied by Iudas was brought into the Citie by this Gate as they say which Gate is old and nothing lesse then fortified 12 The Gate by which the Virgin Marie entring into the outer Temple is said to haue offered Christ then an Infant to the hands of Simion which Gate they say in honour of our Redeemer was shut vp by the Christian Kings and so remaines to this day 13 The outer Temple where they say Christ was exhibited to Simion and the Italians call it the Temple of the Presentation 14 In this large circuit compassed all with walles of old the Temple of Salomon stood At this day it was ouer-growne with grasse and in the middest thereof the Turkes had a Mosche for their wicked worship of Mahomet neither may any Christian come within this circuit much lesse into the Mosche either being a capitall offence which they say some curious Christians had tried with losse of life after they had been drawne to enter into it by some Turkes vaine promises 15 The golden Gate at which Christ entered on Palme-Sunday shut vp by the Christian Kings and so remaining 16 Probatica Piscina without the Gate of the Temple where the Angell troubling the waters the first diseased man that entred them was healed It was at this time dried vp 17 The beautifull Gate where Peter and Iohn made the man walke who was lame from his mothers wombe 18 Salomons house of old hauing a Gate leading into the Temple and it is now inhabited by the Turkish Cady who hath an Episcopall office Here I did see pleasant Fountaines of waters and did looke into the circuit where the Temple stood through an Iron grate when the said Magistrate called vs before him And I remember we were bidden put off our shooes before we entred in to him where hee sat vpon a Carpet spread vpon the ground with his legges crossed like a Tailor and his shooes of as the Turkes vse 19 This Gate of old had the name of the Droues of cattell brought in for sacrifices but at this day is called the Gate of Saint Stephen because the Iewes drew out that Protomartyr by this Gate and so stoned him 20 Heere they say was the house of Anna wherein shee bare the Virgin Marie 21 The Gate of Damasco of old called the Gate of Ephraim 22 The house of Pontius Pilate in which the Turkish Sangiaco who is the military Gouernour of the City and Prouince did then dwell so as no Christian might come into the house without giuing a reward The Fryars say that in this house are heard noises whippings and sighes nightly to this very time and each man the more superstitious he is the more incredible things he tels thereof They say that the staires vpon which Christ ascended when he was brought to Pilate were long since carried to Rome and these be the staires which I said the Romans call Holy vulgarly Scale Sante and doe worship with great superstition They be of marble but for my part let euery man beleeue as he list whither they were brought from thence and be the same staires that Christ ascended or not Onely I am sure that here they shew the place void in the very streete where staires haue beene of old yet must I needs say that marble staires ill befit the poore building
and the State of Venice would assist the Raguzeant against them and no way indure that the Turkish Ottoman should make himselfe Lord of that Hauen Vpon the three and twenty of Aprill towards euening we sayled by the little Iland Augusta being yet of a good large circuit and populous and subiect to the Raguzeans but the Coast is dangerous for ships arriuall by reason of the Rockes called the Augustines and by the little Iland Corsolavi Some Ilands in this Sea are subiect to the Raguzeans and some neere to the Northerne continent haue the Great Turke for their Lord but the rest are subiect to the Venetians and are very many in number but little and good part of them little or not at all inhabited The Italians our consorts told vs of an Iland not farre distant called Pelaguza and lying neere the continent of Italy vpon the Coast whereof the famous Turkish Pyrate of Algier a Hauen in Africa was lately wont to houer and lie hidden and made rich booties of the Venetian and Italian Merchants Vpon Sunday the foure and twenty of Aprill we had in sight and little distant the little Ilands Catza and Lissa and in the afternoone on our left hand towards Italy the Iland Pomo and in the euening towards Dalmatia two Ilands and vpon the continent the City Zaga being some two hundred miles distant from Venice And the night following we sailed ouer an arme of the Sea some thirty miles broade lying betweene Dalmatia and Istria called Il Cornaro which we passed without any appearance of danger though otherwise it be generally reputed so dangerous as the Venetians offended with any Marriner vse this imprecation Maledetto sia il Cornaro che t' ha lasciato passare that is Cursed be the Cornaro for letting thee passe Vpon Monday the fiue and twenty of Aprill as we sailed by the Coast of Istria one of the Marriners aged and as we thought honest and of some authority among the rest priuately admonished me that I should safely locke vp our goods in our chests left the inferior Marriners should steale our shirts or any other thing they found negligently left which they vsed to doe especially at the end of any voyage Vpon Tuesday the sixe and twenty of April we cast anchor beyond Pola in the continent of Istria a City now ruined and vpon the seuen and twenty day we entred the Hauen of Rouinge in Istria subiect to the Venetians where the ships vse to take a Pilot for their owne safety or els are tied so to doe by some old priuiledge of that City Here the Prouisors for health gaue vs liberty of free conuersation as they had formerly done at Zante seeing no man in our ship to be sicke or sickely And I did not a little wonder when I obserued each second or third person of this City to halt and be lame of one foot which made me remember the Citizens of Islebe in Germany and in the Prouince of Saxony where almost all the men haue wry neckes whereof I knew the cause namely because they vsed daily to dig in mines with their neckes leaning on one side but of this common lamenes of the Inhabitants in Rouinge I could not learne any probable cause except it were the foule disease of lust raigning in those parts which I rather thought likely because the lamenesse was common to weomen as men Now the sayling in our great ship was like to be more trouble some dangerous and slow whereupon fiue of vs ioyning together did vpon the thirtieth of Aprill after the old stile hier a boate of sixe Oares for seuen Venetian Duckets to Venice where we arriued the next day towards euening and staied in our boat vpon the wharfe of the Market place of Saint Marke till the Prouisors of health sitting in their Office neere that place came vnto vs and after some conference vnderstanding that we and our ship were free of all infection or sicknesse gaue vs free liberty of conuersation Wee staied three dayes at Venice to refresh our selues and paied each man three lyres for each meale in a Dutch Inne Then hauing receiued money of a Merchant I went to the Village Mestre and there bought of Dutchmen newly arriued in Italy two horses for my selfe and my man the one for thirtie the other for twentie ducates These horses I sold at Stode in Germany after my iourney ended at or about the same rate He that hath the Dutch tongue and either knowes the waies of Germany himselfe or hath consorts skilfull therein being to trauell from Stode or those parts into Italy shall finde more profit in buying a horse in those parts of Germany for so hee shall saue great summes vsually paid for coches and at the iournies end or rather by the way towards the ende of his iourney may in Italy sell his horses with good profit In the Village Mestre each of vs paid each meale fiftie soldi that is two lires and a halfe From hence we took the right way to Augsburg in Germany to Nurnberg Brunswick and to Stode an old Citie lying on the Northern Sea of Germany The particulars of which iourney I here omit hauing in my iourney to Ierusalem passed the very same way from Stode to Venice So as it shall suffice to adde some few things in generall Within the confines of Italy each man of vs paid for each meale fortie and sometimes fiftie Venetian soldi and for hay and stable for his horse commonly at noone foure soldi at night twelue soldi and for ten measures of oates giuen each day to each horse fiftie soldi After we entred Germany each man paid each meale commonly twentie creitzers at Inspruch twentie foure and somtimes twentie six creitzers for hay six creitzers a day or there-abouts and for ten measures of oates seruing one horse for a day wee paid fiftie creitzers In the middle Prouinces of Germany each of vs paid for each meale commonly sixteene creitzers that is foure batzen and in the parts vpon the Northerne sea some foure Lubeck shillings And from the Citie Armstat seated betweene Augsburg and Nurnberg to the said Northern sea side we had a new measure of oates called Hembd one of which measures was sold for some tenne Lubeck shillings and serued three horses for our baite at noone and another was almost sufficient for them at night From Stode seated vpon the German Sea we passed in a boat to the outmost Hauen where wee went abroad an English ship vpon the fourth of Iuly after the old stile being Tuesday The sixt of Iuly early in the morning we set sayle and the eight of Iuly we came vpon the most wished land of England and cast anchor neere Orford a Castle in Suffolke Vpon Saturday the ninth of Iuly after the old stile we landed at Grauesend and without delay with the night-tide passed in a boat to London where we ariued on Sunday at foure of the clock in the morning the tenth of