that the Voyage aforesaid would bee done by passing along the Straights of Wey-gates and specially by the report made by the two Ships of Zelandt and Enck-huysen wherein Iohn Huyghen of Linschoten was Committee who declared the manner of their trauell in such sort that the Generall States and Prince Maurice resolued in the beginning of the next yeere to prepare certayne Ships not onely as they went before to discouer the passage but to send certayn Wares and Merchandizes thither wherein the Merchants might lade what Wares they would with certaine Factors to sell the said Wares in such places as they should arriue neither paying Fraight nor Custome Peter Plantius a learned Cosmographer being a great furtherer and setter forward of this Voyage and was their chiefe Instructer therein setting downe the scituation of the Coasts of Tartaria Cathaia China but how they lye it is not yet sufficiently Discouered for that the courses and rules by him set downe were not fully effected by meanes of some inconueniences that fell out which by reason of the shortnesse of time could not bee holpen In Anno 1595. the Generall States of the vnited Prouinces and Prince Maurice caused seuen Ships to bee prepared to sayle through the Wey-gates or the Straights of Nassaw to the Kingdome of Cathaia and China two out of Amsterdam two out of Zelandt two out of Enck-huysen and one out of Rotterdam sixe of them laden with diuers kindes of Wares Merchandizes and with Money and Factors to sell the said Wares the seuenth being a Pinnasse that had Commission when the other Ships were past about the Cape de Tabin which is the furthest point of Tartaria or so farre that they might sayle forth Southward without any let or hinderance of the Ice to turne backe againe and to bring newes thereof and I being in William Barents Ship that was our chiefe Pilot and Iames Hemskerke chiefe Factor thought good to write downe the same in order as it is hereafter declared as I did the first Voyage according to the course and stretching of the Land as it lyeth First after we had beene mustered at Amsterdam and euery man taken an Oath that was then purposely ministred vnto vs vpon the eighteene of Iune wee sayled to the Texel from thence to put to Sea with other Ships that were appointed to meet vs at a certayne day and so to begin our Voyage in the name of God The second of Iuly wee set sayle out of the Texel The fifth of August the North Cape lay about two miles East from vs and when the Sunne was North-west the Mother and her Daughters lay Southward from vs foure miles The seuenteenth wee saw great store of Ice all along the Coast of Noua Zembla and casting out the Lead had 75. fathom soft ground After that we held diuers courses because of the Ice and sayled South-east and by East South South-east for the space of eighteene miles till the eighteenth of August when the Sunne was East and then we cast out the lead againe and found 30. fathome soft ground and within two houres after that fathome red sand with small shelles three Glasses after that we had ground at twentie fathome red sand with blacke shels as before then wee saw two Ilands which they of Enck-huysen gaue the names of Prince Maurice and his Brother which lay from vs South-east three miles being low Land and then wee sayled eight miles till the Sun was South Then we sayled East and oftentimes casting out the lead we found twentie nineteene eighteene and seuenteene fathome deep good ground mixed with black shels and saw the Wey-gates the Sunne being West which lay East North-east from vs about fiue miles and after that we sayled about eight miles Then we sayled vnder 70. degrees vntill we came to the Wey-gates most part through broken Ice and when we got to Wey-gates we cast out our Lead and for a long time found thirteene and fourteene fathome soft ground mixed with blacke shels not long after that we cast out the Lead and found ten fathome deepe the wind being North and we forced to hold stifly aloofe in regard of the great quantitie of Ice till about mid-night then were forced to wind Northward because of certaine Rocks that lay on the Southside of Wey-gates right before vs about a mile and a halfe hauing ten fathome deepe then we changed our course and sayled West North-west for the space of foure Glasses after that we woond about againe East and East and by South and so entred into VVey-gates and as wee went in wee cast out the Lead and found seuen fathome deepe little more or lesse till the nineteenth of August and then the Sunne being South-east we entred into the VVey-gates in the Road the wind being North. The right Channell betweene the Image point and the Samuters Land was full of Ice so that it was not well to bee past thorow and so we went into the Road which we called the Traen Bay because we found store of Traen-oyle there this is a good Bay for the course of the Ice and good almost for all winds and we may sayle so farre into it as we will at foure fiue and three fathome good Anchor-ground on the East side it is deepe water The twentieth of August the height of the Sunne being taken with the Crosse-staffe wee found that it was eleuated aboue the Horizon 69. degrees 21. minutes when it was South-west and by South being at the highest or before it beganne to descend The one and twentieth of August we went on Land within the VVey-gates with foure and fiftie men to see the situation of the Countrey and being two miles within the Land we found many Vel-werck Traen and such like Wares and diuers foot-steps of men and Deere whereby wee perceiued that some men dwelt there abouts or else vsed to come thither And to assure vs the more thereof wee might perceiue it by the great number of Images which we found there vpon the Image or Beelthooke so called by vs in great abundance whereof ten dayes after wee were better informed by the Samuters and the Russians when wee spake with them And when wee entred further into the Land we vsed all the meanes we could to see if we could find any houses or men by whom we might be informed of the situation of the Sea there abouts whereof afterward we had better intelligence by the Samuters that told vs that there are certayne men dwelling on the VVey-gates and vpon Noua Zembla but we could neither find men houses nor any other things so that to haue better information wee went with some of our men further South-east into the Land towards the Sea-side and as we went we found a path-way made with mens feet in the Mosse or Marsh-ground about halfe knee deepe for that going so deepe we felt hard ground vnder our feet which at the deepest was no higher then our shooes and
at the least the three that went forward in that sort were Cornelius Iacobson Master of William Barents ship William Gysen Pylot of the Pinnasse and Hans van Nuflen William Barents Purser and after that the sayd Master and Pylot had shot three times and mist the Purser stepping somewhat further forward and seeing the Beare to be within the length of a shot presently leuelled his Piece and discharging it at the Beare shot her into the head betweene both the eyes and yet she held the man still fast by the necke and lifted vp her head with the man in her mouth but shee began somwhat to stagger wherewith the Purser and a Scottish-man drew out their Curtelaxes and strooke at her so hard that their Curtelaxes burst and yet she would not leaue the man at last William Geysen went to them and with all his might strooke the Beare vpon the snout with his Piece at which time the Beare fell to the ground making a great noyse and William Geysen leaping vpon her cut her throat The seuenth of September wee buried the dead bodies of our men in the States Iland and hauing stayed the Beare carryed her Skin to Amsterdam The ninth of September we set sayle from the States Iland but the Ice came in so thicke and with such force that we could not get through so that at Eeuening we came backe againe to the States Iland the winde being Westerly There the Admirall and the Pinnasse of Rotterdam fell on ground by certayne Rockes but got off againe without any hurt The tenth of September we sayled againe from the States Iland towards the Wey-gates and sent two Boates into the Sea to certifie vs what store of Ice was abroad and that Eeuening wee came all together into Wey-gates and Anchored by the Twist-point The eleuenth of September in the Morning we sayled againe into the Tartarian Sea but we fell into great store of Ice so that we sayled backe againe to the Wey-gates and Anchored by the Crosse-point and about midnight we saw a Russian Lodgie that sayled from the Bâ—â—lt-point towards the Samuters Land The thirteenth of September the Sunne being South there began a great storme to blow out of the South South-west the weather being mistie melancholy and snowie and the storme increasing more and more we draue through The fourteenth of September the weather began to bee somewhat clearer the winde being North-west and the storme blowing stiffe out of the Tartarian Sea but at Eeuening it was faire weather and then the wind blew North-east the same day our men went on the other side of Wey-gates on the firme land to take the depth of the Channell and entred into the Bough behind the Ilands where there stood a little House made of wood and a great fall of water into the land The same Morning we hoysed vp our Anchor thinking once againe to try what wee could doe to further our Voyage but our Admirall being of another minde lay still till the fifteenth of September The same day in the Morning the winde draue in from the East-end of the Wey-gates whereby we were forced presently to hoyse Anchors and the same day sayled out from the West-end of the Wey-gates with all our Fleet and made homewards againe and that day past by the Ilands called Matfloe and Delgoy and that night we sayled twelue miles North-west and by West till Saturday in the morning and then the winde fell North-east and it began to Snow We saw the point of Candyâ—aes lying South-east from vs and then wee had seuen and twentie fathom deepe red sand with blacke shels The nine and twentieth of September in the Eeuening entred into Ward-house and there we stayed till the tenth of October And that day we set sayle out of Ward-house and vpon the eighteenth of Nouember we arriued in the Maes CHAP. V. The third Voyage Northward to the Kingdomes of Cathaia and China in Anno 1596. Written by GERAT DE VEER §. I. What happened to them at Sea before they came to build their House AFter that the seuen Ships as I said before were returned backe againe from their North Voyage with lesse benefit then was expected the Generall States of the Vnited Prouinces consulted together to send certayne Ships thither againe a third time to see if they might bring the said Voyage to a good end if it were possible to bee done but after much Consultation had they could not agree thereon yet they were content to cause a Proclamation to be made that if any either Townes or Merchants were disposed to venture to make further search that way at their owne charges if the Voyage were accomplished and that thereby it might be made apparant that the sayd passage was to be sayled they were content to giue them a good reward in the Countries behalfe naming a certayne summe of money Whereupon in the beginning of this yeere there was two Ships rigged and set forth by the Towne of Amsterdam to sayle that Voyage the men therein being taken vp vpon two Conditions viz. What they should haue if the Voyage were not accomplished and what they should haue if they got through and brought the Voyage to an end promising them a good reward if they could effect it thereby to encourage the men taking vp as many vnmarried men as they could that they might not bee disswaded by meanes of their Wiues and Children to leaue off the Voyage Vpon these Conditions those two Ships were ready to set sayle in the beginning of May. In the one Iacob Heemskerke Hendrickson was Master and Factor for the Wares and Merchandizes and William Barents chiefe Pylot In the other Iohn Cornelison Rijp was both Master and Factor for the goods that the Merchants had laden in her The fifth of May all the men in both the Ships were Mustered and vpon the tenth of May they sayled from Amsterdam and the thirteenth of May got to the Vlie The thirtieth of May we had a good winde and sayled North-east and wee tooke the height of the Sunne with our Crosse-staffe and found that it was eleuated aboue the Horizon 47. degrees and 42. minutes his Declination was 21. degrees and 42. minutes so that the height of the Pole was 69. degrees and 24. minutes The first of Iune we had no night and the second of Iune we had the winde contrarie but vpon the fourth of Iune we had a good winde out of the West North-west and sayled North-east And when the Sunne was about South South-east wee saw a strange sight in the Element for on each side of the Sunne there was another Sunne and two Raine-bowes that past cleane thorow the three Sunnes and then two Raine-bowes more the one compassing round about the Sunnes and the other crosse thorow the great rundle the great rundle standing with the vttermost point eleuated aboue the Horizon 28. degrees at noone the Sunne being at the highest the height thereof was measured and
their men and they promised it to Cublai One morning whiles Naiam was sleeping negligently in his Tent hauing not so much as sent out any scouts to espie Cublai made shew of his Armie vpon a hill to Naiams Hee himselfe sate in a certaine Castle of wood full of Archers and Crosse-bow men borne by foure Elephants on the top whereof was the Royall Standard with the Images of the Sunne and Moone Hee deuided his Armie into three wings of which he sent that on the right hand and the other on the left against Naiams Armie To euery ten thousand Horse were assigned fiue hundred Foot with Lances taught to leape vp behind the horse-men if any occasion of flight happened and suddenly on aduantage to light and slay the enemies horses with their lances Caidu was not yet come The battel 's ioyned and made a cruell fight which continued from morning till noone and then was Naiam taken and brought before Cublai who commanded that he should be sewed betwixt two Carpets which should be tossed vp and downe till the breath were out of his bodie that so the Imperiall blood might not be exposed to the Sunne and the ayre The remainder of his people sware Obedience to Cublai which were foure Nations Ciorza Carli Barscol and Sitingui Naiam was secretly baptised and by profession a Christian but no follower of the workes of Faith and signed his principall Ensigne with the signe of the Crosse hauing with him infinite store of Christians which were all slaine The Iewes and Saracens that were in the Armie of Cublai began to vpbraid the Christians with this disaster of the Crosse who thereupon complained to Cublai Hee then sharply reprouing the Iewes and Saracens turning to the Christians saith Surely your God and his Crosse would not giue any ayde to Naiam but be not you therefore ashamed because God beeing good and iust ought not at all to defend Iniustice and Iniquitie Naiam was a Traytour to his Lord and contrary to all equitie raised rebellion and sought the helpe of your God in his mischieuous purpose But he as a good and vpright God would not fauour his Designes He returned after this with great triumph to Cambalu and stayed there till Easter On that day he called the Christians before him and kissed their Gospels and made his Barons doe the same The like hee doth in the great Feasts of Saracens Iewes and Ethnikes that Sogomamber Can the God of the Idols Mahumet Moses or whosoeuer is greatest in heauen might helpe him Yet he made best shew of liking to the Christian Faith but pretended the ignorance of the Professors and the mightie acts of the Sorcerers to his not professing it Now for rewarding his Souldiers he hath twelue Barons or wise Counsellours which giue him notice of each Captaynes merit who raiseth them command of one hundred to a thousand and from one thousand to ten thousand and so forward giuing them Vessels of Plate and Tablets The Captayne of one hundred hath a Tablet of siluer and the Captayne of one thousand of Gold or siluer gilded the Captayne of ten thousand hath a Tablet of Gold with a Lions head on it the weight of the Tablets differ also according to the worth and weight of the dignitie On the said Tablet is written a command in this manner By the strength and power of the great God and by the Grace which he hath giuen to our Empire the name of Can be blessed and let them all dye and be destroyed which will not obey him All they which haue these Tablets haue priuiledges in writing of all things which they are to doe or demand And the Generals when they ride in publike they haue a cloth borne ouer their heads and when they sit sit on a Chaire of siluer Their Tablet is of three hundred Saggi fiftie ounces of Gold with the Images of the Sunne and Moone They whose Tablet haue a Gerfalcon may take with them for their guard the whole Armie of a great Commander Cublai is a comeley and faire man of a meane stature of a red and white face blacke and goodly eyes well fashioned nose and all the lineaments of his bodie consisting of a due proportion He hath foure wiues which he accounteth lawfull and the first-borne of them succeedeth him in the Kingdome And euery one of these is called Empresse and holdeth a peculiar Court and that Princely in a proper Palace hauing about three hundred chosen Hand-mayds and Mayd-seruant and many Eunuch seruants and at least ten thousand persons in their Family The King hath also many Concubines There is a certaine Nation of faire people Tartars called Vngut whether euery second yeare he sendeth Ambassadors to puruey the fairest Lasses for him of greatest esteeme for beautie which bring him foure or fiue hundred more or lesse as they see cause There are Praysers or Examiners appointed which take view of all their beauties examining Eyes Nose Mouth c. apart and set price on them at sixteene seuenteene eighteene nineteene twentie or more Carrats And they bring those of that rate which their Commission appoints These hee causeth to bee reuiewed by other Examiners and of so many chuseth perhaps thirtie for his Chamber of the chiefe which he puts to some of his Barons Wiues to see if they snore not in their sleepe if in smell or behauiour they be not offensiue Those which are approoued are by fiues diuided each fifth part wayting three dayes and nights in his Chamber by course the other in the next Lodgings preparing whatsoeuer these command them The lesse prized are put to Cookerie and other noble Officers And sometimes the Can bestowes them on Gentlemen with great portions The men of that Countrey esteeme it a grace and credit to haue Daughters worthy his liking and thinke themselues borne vnder an ill Planet if they haue not for his turne Cublai hath two and twentie Sonnes by his foure legitimate Wiues and the first-borne of his first Wife was called Cingis who should haue succeeded him in the Empire if hee had not dyed before his Father He left a Sonne named Temur a valiant man wife and exercised in Armes who is to succeed his Grand-father in the Empire in stead of his deceased Father But by his Hand-mayds and Mayd-seruants he hath fiue and twentie Sonnes all which are daily exercised in feats of Armes and are great Lords Seuen of his Sonnes by his Wiues are Kings of great Prouinces and maintayne their states with great reputation Three moneths of the yeere to wit December Ianuarie and Februarie Cublai remayneth ordinarily in Cambalu which is at the North-east border of Cataio and there on the South part by the new Citie is seated a great Palace First there is a square Wall each square being eight miles with a deep Ditch enuironing and a Gate in the middle of each after which is the space of a mile in circuit where Souldiers stand After this is
the South the Riuer of Nanchiun becomes nauigable which runneth into Canton and the South Sea On the other side of the Hill at the Citie Naugau ariseth another great Riuer which visiteth the Prouinces of Chiansi and Nanquin and many Cities before hee enters the Sea Eastward Thus what comes from forraine Kingdomes to Canton is this way conueyed to the in-land Kingdomes as also from those hither Horses and seates or Chayres for carriage on mens shoulders Beasts for carriage and Porters being almost innumerable euery day yet all in good order The Mountayne is common to both Prouinces which are distinguished by a Gate erected among the stonie precipices All the way is set with Trees paued with stones frequenâ— with Hostries as secure by night as by day both by the guards of Souldiers and frequencie of Trauellers neither are their ouer-flowings by raynes On the Hill top is a neate Temple and therein a Garrison both Prouinces thence offered to the view Naughan signifieth the Southerne Inne Hee went in one of the Presidents Ships till hee came to the Citie Canceu by the way often entring into his owne Ship and discoursing with him of Europaean affayres Sciences and Religion But so many visitations for Magistrates hindred all dealing with his Sonne in this iourney so that by his Father it was deferred In this Citie Canceu resideth a Vice-roy greater then the Vice-roy of that Prouince they call him the Vice-roy of foure Prouinces Chiansi Fuchien Canton and Vquam not that all those Prouinces are subiect to him but because hee gouerneth two adioyning Regions or lesse Prouinces out of each of them The cause of appointing this Vice-roy extraordinarie was the multitude of Theeues in those parts which bordering on so many Prouinces could not easily by ordinarie course of Iustice bee apprehended whence two Regions out of each were committed to one who by Militarie forces repressed those insolences And because the militarie Magistrates are subiect to that Councell of Warre at Pequin the President was heere receiued with greater State aboue three thousand men were sent to meete him a league off with their Captaynes Colours and Armes many with Hand-gunnes mixed shooting off as he passed making a faire show on both sides the Riuer which there is not very large When hee was come into the Citie the Vice-roy with other Magistrates visited him with Gifts Prouisions Banquets and some companies were set to guard the Ships which was also done euery where such is the China veneration of such Magistrates by their inferiours Heere was a Bridge of Boates opened but once a day for Ships passage which haue payd their customes After they were past this Citie another Riuer addes it selfe to this whence they come into a place called Sciepathau about thirtie miles long in which are many Rockes dispersed on which the impetuous force of the water causeth many ship-wrackes goods lost and men drowned and requireth expert Ship-men a strange thing to see a Riuer full of shelues and sharpe rockes in the midst of the continent In the entrance of this dangerous passage is an Idoll Temple wherein the passengers deuoutly commend the safetie of their fortunes to these vanities which Scilan also heere did in vaine for although with multitude and industrie of Saylers his Ship auoyded the Rockes yet was that broken in which his Wife and Children were carryed though they escaped drowning by reason of her high building euery one getting vp into the highest decke which lifted vp it selfe aboue those shallower waters They cryed pittifully and Father Matthew hauing then gotten a Boate for himselfe came first and receiued them going himselfe into another lesse which went before to conduct the way Scilan sent for another Ship presently to Canceu Father Matthew was taken into another Ship of burthen which was in a gust ouer-throwne Iohn Barradas his boy was drowned and hee hardly recouered the Commodities by dyuing were gotten againe though much hurt by the water They came to a noble and populous Citie called Chiengan where the winde by night was so violent that it dispersed all the Fleet which hardly escaped wracke Scilan terrified with this disastrous passage by water purposed to goe by land to Pequin which is done at the Kings cost in certayn places there being Horses Lighters Porters prouisions ready prouided Now thinking to send backe Ricius to Xanceum least some might accuse him in a time of warre for bringing Strangers to the Court hee shewed some the wonders of his triangle Glasse which hee was willing to giue the President if hee knew he should hold on with him in the Iourney They acquainted their Lord and hee gaue him license to goe to Nanquin and to enter those two Prouinces of Cequion or Cechien and Nanchin or Nanquin Hee was carryed thither with two of Scilans seruants still hauing Souldiers from all places to guard him they thinking that some of his Sonnes were there carryed When hee came to that Mother Citie for before hee seldome went foorth to preuent all lets which is in twentie nine degrees to the Northermost part of the Prouince hee made shew of himselfe as one of Scilans houshold seruants and not knowing whither to goe to deliuer his Letters hee first went into a Temple of note which beares name of the Iron Pillar For they fable that one Huiunsin had some hundreds of yeeres agoe brought perfect Siluer out of Quick-siluer and had deliuered this Citie from a huge Dragon whom hee ouer-whelmed in the ground and tyed to that Iron Pillar and then flew with his whole house Mice and all into Heauen The building of this Temple is worthy the view against which are perpetuall Faires in which nothing is lacking to bee sold. The Priests are those which they call Thausu which let their hayre and beards grow When hee entred that Temple much concourse of people came about him to see a Stranger a strange sight there yea reputed holy for they had thought that the fame of that Idoll had brought him thither from farre Countries But when hee did no worship thereto hee was admonished to doe that which the greatest Magistrates refused not then threatned after they would force him till one of the Ship sayd hee worshipped no Idols But seeing the multitude still flocking about him he returned to the Ship and signified that hee came with the President whom euery man knew The seruants visited their Masters friends and receiued gifts of some especially of the Vice-royes Physician Scarcely had they sayled out of the chiefe Citie when they meete with a Lake admirable for the greatnesse and other things on all the bankes as farre as a man can see are innumerable Townes Castles Villages great Houses thence they may passe into Fuchien and thence to the Sea Eastward Amongst other Townes there is one Citie called Nancan at the foot of a Hill called Liu in which Hill are diuers Anchorites each in his
beginning from a Magician which liued in a Caue of Quiamsi Prouince where his posterity still continueth Their Prelate liueth most commonly at Pequin obserued by the King and admitted into the inmost Palace to consecrate and hallow the Roomes suspected to bee hanted by ill spirits Hee is carried in an open Chaire and with other pompe competent to the chiefe Magistrates and is allowed by the King a great Reuenue But I haue learned of a Conuert that these Prelates now are so ignorant that they know not their owne Charmes and Rites Hee hath no power ouer the people but the Tansus Priests and their Monasteries many of which are also Alchimists These three Sects haue diuersified themselues into 300. in seeming daily encreasing and growing worse and worse Humvu ordayned that these three Lawes should be kept for the good of the Kingdome onely the Literate to rule whence it comes that they seeke not to ruine each other The Kings make vse of them all for their purposes often repairing the old and building new Temples The Kings wiues are more prone to the Idoll Sect and maintayne whole Monasteries without the Palace and buy their Prayers with Almes The Idols are not onely in Temples in this Kingdome but in priuate houses in peculiar places in streets ships Palaces they are the first things you see and yet put they little confidence in them Their wisest men seeke to mixe all three Sects together and so whiles they embrace all are of none and proue Atheists §. VI. Of Strangers and forraine Religions in China HOw inhospitall the Chinois are to Strangers we haue in part heard neither permitting egresse to the Natiues nor ingresse to Aliens except in three respects The first such as come to pay their annuall Tributes The second such as pretending honour and tribute come as wee haue heard from the West with seeming tribute a colour to their gaine by merchandise The third such as in admiration of the Chinian vertues and learning come thither as the Queene of Sheba to Salomon to learne the same which is the Iesuites pretence but these must here fixe their habitation nor may be suffered to returne such is their iealousie of discouering their mysteries to others And this made the Iesuites after so long stay free from feare of expulsion which yet since complaine of persecution But it may not be known that they haue any intelligence or commerce with stranger therfore the Iesuites which haue obtayned two so great priuiledges the Eunuches Palace for their residence and the imployment in correcting the China Kalender both by Royall approbation yet could not obtayne leaue to goe into the Prouince of Canton though with Mathematicall pretexts for that Kalender-busines to obserue longitudes and latitudes of places because they were said to be Countrymen to those of Macao Yea a Colao or Counsellor of State was depriued for sending a message to a bordering King a tempest of libelling complaints thundring and showring against him therefore In the bordering Prouinces they set narrow watch at Custom-houses Bridges and in the very Riuers by ships of warre thereto appointed But if they be once gotten into the inner parts of the Kingdome there are no such Officers nor searches Neither may any stranger passe out of the Kingdome after once entring without the Kings licence The Iesuites steale their ingresse and egresse by meanes of the Portugals which had the Towne of Macao assigned them by the Chinois for trafficke These come vsually twice a yeere to the chiefe Citie of the Prouince of Canton which is not called Quantum or Canton the name of the Prouince but Quam ceu All the day time they haue free entrance in the Citie about their merchandise but must lie on shipboord at night In the midst of the Riuer there is a little Iland and therein a Temple in which they are allowed their Catholike deuotions There by Boat did they prouide to steale in or out of the Countrey The Mahumetans that come in by land if they stay nine yeeres as is obserued may neuer return home againe Of these there are now many thousand Families in China dispersed into the most of the Prouinces and chiefe Cities They haue there their Temples very sumptuous and their Circumcision But as farre as I could euer learne they neither teach nor care to teach others their deuotions but are vnskilfull of the Saracens Tenents and are contemned of the Chinois It seems that their comming in was in the time that the Tartars reigned here which since haue increased and after so long continuance are not held in suspicion as other strangers Some say after the fourth generation they are reputed as Natiues yea they are admitted to the studies of Learning Degrees and Magistracy as well as the Chinois But most of these thus dignified relinquish their former superstition retayning nothing thereof but abstinence from Swines flesh which rather by Nature then for Religion they abhorre Touching Christians in China there is not so great certainty Certaine Mogores told Ricius of some in the Xensian Prouince in the North parts of China at a place called Xucheo which were white bearded vsed Bells worshipped Isa that is Iesus and Marie and honoured the Crucifixe their Priests married which cured diseases without medicines A Iew at Pequin gaue more full intelligence that at Caifumfu and at Lincin in the Prouince of Sciantum and in the Prouince of Sciansi there liued certaine Strangers whose Ancestours had come out of forraine parts which worshipped the Crosse which the Chinois expresse by the Character of Ten and made the signe thereof with the finger on their meate and drinke They also made the same signe with Inke on the foreheads of their children to preserue them from misfortunes A Iesuite also saw in the hands of an Antiquarie a Bell with a Church and Crosse thereon grauen circumscribed with Greeke letters The Iew also reported that those Crosse-worshippers had the same doctrine in their prayers which the Iewes held this the Iesuites interpreted of the Psalter common to them both Hee affirmed that there were many of them in the Northerne Prouinces which so flourished in Letters and Armes that they grew suspicious to the Chinois which hee thought was caused by the Saracens some sixty yeeres before The Magistrates were so incensed hereby that they for feare were dispersed some turning Iewes some Saracens others Idolaters and their Temples were also conuerted into Idolatrous Temples one of which he mentioned in his Countrey Euer since they hide their profession and when the Iesuites sent one of their Conuerts to make enquirie he could learne of none which they thought proceeded from their feare taking him for a Spie sent from the Magistrates All these Sects the Chinois call Hoei the Iewes distinguished by their refusing to eate the sinew or leg the Saracens Swines flesh the Christians by refusing to feed on round-hoofed beasts Asses Horses Mules which all both Chinois
brought to an end To the which end Cicero wisely saith God hath giuen vs some things and not all things that our Successors also might haue some-what to doe Therefore we must not leaue off nor stay our pretence in the middle of our proceedings as long as there is any commoditie to be hoped and in time to bee obtayned for that the greatest and richest Treasures are hardliest to be found I thought good to set downe in regard that I haue vndertaken to describe the three Voyages made into the North Seas in three yeeres one after the other behind Norwary and along and about Muscouia towards the Kingdome of Cathaia and China whereof the two last I my selfe holpe to effect and yet brought them not to the desired end that we well hoped First to shew our diligent and most toylesome labour and paines taken to find out the right course which we could not bring to passe as wee well hoped wished and desired and possible might haue found it by crossing the Seas if we had taken the right course if the Ice the shortnesse of time and bad crosses had not hindered vs. We haue assuredly found that the onely and most hinderance to our Voyage was the Ice that we found about Noua Zembla vnder 73.74.75 and 76. degrees and not so much vpon the Sea betweene both the Lands whereby it appeareth that not the neerenesse of the North-pole but the Ice that commeth in and out from the Tartarian Sea about Noua Zembla caused vs to feele the greatest cold Therefore in regard that the neerenesse of the Pole was not the cause of the great cold that wee felt if wee had had the meanes to haue held our appointed and intended course into the North-east we had peraduenture found some entrance which course wee could not hold from Noua Zembla because that there we entred amongst great store of Ice and how it was about Noua Zembla we could not tel before we had sought it and when we had sought it we could not then alter our course although also it is vncertayn what we should haue done if we had continued in our North-east course because it is not yet found out But it is true that in the Countrey lying vnder 80. degrees which we esteeme to be Greenland there is both Leaues and Grasse to be seene Wherein such Beasts as feed of Leaues and Grasse as Harts Hinds and such like beasts liue whereas to the contrary in Noua Zembla there groweth neyther Leaues nor Grasse and there are no beasts therein but such as eate flesh as Beares and Foxes c. Although Noua Zembla lyeth 4.5 and 6. degrees more Southerly from the Pole then the other Land aforesaid It is also manifest that vpon the South and North-side of the Line of the Sunne on both sides betweene both the Tropicks vnder 23. degrees and an halfe yet it is as hot as it is right vnder the Line What wonder then should it be that about the North-pole also and as many degrees on both sides it should not be colder then right vnder the Pole It was not the Sea nor the neerenesse vnto the Pole but the Ice about the Land that let and hindered vs as I said before for that assoone as we made from the Land and put more into the Sea although it was much further Northward presently we felt more warmth and in that opinion our Pilot William Barents dyed who notwithstanding the fearefull and intolerable cold that he indured yet he was not discouraged but offered to lay wagers with diuers of vs that by Gods helpe hee would bring that pretended Voyage to an end if he held his course North-east from the North Cape But I will leaue that and shew you of the three Voyages aforesaid begunne and set forth by the permission and furtherance of the Generall States of the vnited Prouinces and of Prince Maurice as Admirall of the Sea and the rich Towne of Amsterdam First you must vnderstand that in Anno 1594. there was foure ships set forth out of the vnited Prouinces whereof two were of Amsterdam one of Zelandt and one of Enckhuysen that were appointed to sayle into the North Seas to discouer the Kingdomes of Cathaia and China Northward from Norway Muscouia and about Tartaria whereof William Barents a notable skilfull and wise Pilot was Commander ouer the ships of Amsterdam and with them vpon Whit-sunday departed from Amsterdam and went to the Texell Vpon the fifth of Iune they sayled out of the Texel and hauing a good wind and faire weather vpon the three and twentieth of Iune they arriued at Rilduin in Muscouia which for that it is a place well knowne and a common Voyage I will make no further description thereof The nine and twentieth of Iune at foure of the clocke in the after-noone they set sayle out of Kilduin The fourth of Iuly they saw Noua Zembla lying South-east and by East six or seuen miles from them where they had blacke durtie ground at one hundred and fiue fathome William Barents tooke the height of the Sunne with his Crosse-staffe when it was at the lowest that is betweene North North-east and East and by North and found it to be eleuated aboue the Horizon six degrees and 1 â— part his declination being 12. degrees and 55. minutes from whence substracting the aforesaid height there resteth sixteenth degrees and 35. minutes which being substracted from 90. degrees there resteth 73. degrees and 25. minutes Then they woond East-ward and sayled fiue miles East and by South and East South-east and past by a long point of Land that lay out into the Sea which they named Langenes and hard by that point East-ward there was a great Bay where they went a Land with their Boat but found no people From Langenes to Cape Bapo East North-east it is foure miles From Cape Bapo to the West point of Lombsbay North-east and by North are fiue miles and betweene them both there are two Creeks Lombsbay is a great wide Bay on the West-side thereof hauing a faire Hauen six seuen or eight fathome deepe blacke sand there they went on shoare with their Boat and vpon the shoare placed a Beacon made of an old Mast which they found there calling the Bay Lombsbay because of a certayne kind of Beares so called which they found there in great abundance The East point of Lombsbay is a long narrow point and by it there lyeth an Iland and from that long point to Sea-ward in there is a great Creeke This Lombsbay lyeth vnder 74. degrees and 1 â— part From Lombsbay to the point of the Admirals Iland they sayled six or seuen miles North-east and by North. The Admirals Iland is not very faire on the East-side but a farre off very flat so that you must shunne it long before you come at it it is also very vneuen for at one casting of the Lead they had ten fathome deepe
gouernment shall I say or confusion Neither were Hydras heads monstrously multiplying two for each cut off like this for besides so many Wor's after the first and second Demetrius which might make vp that comparison each limbe nay almost each haire of this Hydra not the Nobles alone but the basest which had nothing but themselues and were nothing but Numbers became so many prodigious Heads they also like Pharaohs leane kine deuouring the fat and vpon light pretences beheading themselues in cutting off the heads and nobler Persons amongst them When they had thus made away almost all the Grandes and left the South parts to the spoile of the Poles which once againe were drawing neere to Mosco to besiege it the Poles also suffered some disaster their Souldiers mutinying for want of pay and banding themselues to returne into Poland there inuaded the Mints and Custome-houses and some gouernments detayning them for their pay sending also threatning Letters to diuers Cities and Townes forced diuers Nobles and Plebeians to composition The Turkes and Tartars brake likewise into Walachia Moldauia and Polonia so that Zolkiewsky or Sulcosky the Generall was forced to goe against them of whom he made so great a slaughter that the Great Turke committed the Polake Embassadour at Constantinople to Ward and threatned the Poles with inuasion These mutinous Souldiers continued meane while that and the next yeere to spoile Poland doing much damage to the King and the Bishops challenging many millions due as they said for pay Yea they passed further into Prussia and made spoile in euery place on the eight of Nouember 1613. passing with a great prey to Thorn being parted into three Bands the Sapians the Sborouians and Smolenskians Another companie of them terrified Silesia The Tartars likewise made impression and committed great spoile in Podolia Thus an Armie diuided could not conquer nor so vtterly exterminate Russia as otherwise opportunity was offered the Pole Souldiers being herein like angry Elephants which sometime recoyle vpon their owne troupes and doe more spoyle then the enemy could either haue effected or expected But whiles the Inuaders were thus inuaded the Russes were forward to worke those executions on themselues which their enemies could haue wished to them till at last awakened with the horrour of their owne euils some began to thinke of a better course In the North about the Dwina a bold fellow a Butcher rayling at the Nobilities basenesse and the Officers corruptions said if they would choose a good Treasurer and pay Souldiers well they might haue those which would fight and expell the Poles their Enemies prouided that they would first choose a worthy Generall for which place he recommended to them a poore maymed Gentleman called Pozarsky who had done good seruice but being neglected now had retyred himselfe not farre off The multitude approued the Butchers counsell and chose Pozarsky for their Leader and that Butcher for a Treasurer deliuering into his hands what money they had which he so faithfully disbursed Pozarsky also discharging so well the trust reposed that a great Army was gathered and the siege of Musco thereby raysed And joyning with Knes Demetry Mastroukswich a kind of Tartar which commanded an Army of Cossaks in seruice of the Russe they â—ell in consultation with Boris Liciu the third Great Souldier of that Countrey vpon choice of an Emperour Their mindes herein disagreeing some naming one some another some named Mastroukswich himselfe other for further securitie against the Poles and to recompence the sufferings and imprisonment of the Russian Chancellor in Poland named his young Sonne Micallowich vnder whose Empire hauing a good Councell appointed they might liue happily This was first approued by the Cossaks and then by the other Armies the Butcher also was taken to become a Counsellor and those three Leaders aforesaid were made Militarie Commanders for the present Emperour against the Poles Embassadours also were sent to diuers Princes to mediate betwixt them and the Pole and betwixt them and the Sweden and by his Majestie of Great Brittaine whom God long preserue to reigne ouer vs his countenance and intercession there hath beene some agreement and the young Emperour hath setled his Dommâ—ons in peace making at last a truce for fourteene yeeres with the Poles obtayning also in that Treatie his Father the Chancellour his libertie and returne out of Poland who since is consecrated Patriarke of Russia His Embassadour to the Emperour came to Lintz in December 1613. and thence was conueighed by the Emperours Officers to the Court where hee had solemne audience where after rich presents of Furres and his Letters he deliuered his speech that Michael Phedorowich was now by vnanimous consent aduanced to the Russian Empire and willing to entertayne and continue the ancient confederacie betwixt both Empires desiring the Imperiall Majestie to dehort the Pole from his vniust attempts to deliuer the Russe Captiues and not againe to infest the recouered Musco but to enter into peace and abstayne from Christian bloudshed Likewise to send an Embassadour to his Court c. This mediation Caesar promised and gaue the Embassadour liberall entertainment and gentle dispatch Not long after in May 1614. the Russian Embassadour had audience with the States of the Vnited Prouinces at Hage and before that in England I was present both at his arriuall at Grauesend and his honourable entertaynment into London and saw him also presently after the running at Tilt and White-hall the foure and twentieth of March admitted to his Maiesties presence performing that Russian Rite of bowing with his face downe to or neere the ground c. Anno 1615. The Turkish Embassador treated with the Caesarean Majestie about the mediation betwixt the Pole and the Muscouite who employed to that purpose Erasmus Heidel and the Baron of Dohn The Pole notwithstanding sent an Army in his Sonnes challenge who was shortly to follow to Smolensko into Muscouia Pontus Tellagard the Sweden Commander infesting also the Russians at the same time But the next yeere 1616. Sir Iohn Merike Knight a man of great experience in those Northerne parts was employed his Majesties Embassadour to negotiate betwixt those two Great Princes the Moscouite and the Sweden the Articles of whose composition I obtayned by the mediation of Sir Thomas Smith my ancient Benefactor in this kind and haue here communicated to thee but in another Chapiter as being now past our Tragicke Thunders as also the following Russe-China Newes that you may see not only the face of Russia washed from her bloudy pollutions but her hands further then euer extended fortunate in treaty of Commerce as far as China likewise the Russe Patent to the English Sweet is the name of Peace and the thing it selfe a Heauen vpon Earth BLESSED ARE THE PEACEMAKERS His Maiesties word else-where here his deed for they shall be called said the only begotten Son the Children of God euen the God of peace will
PVRCHAS HIS PILGRIMES IN FIVE BOOKES The first Containing Peregrinations and Discoueries in the remotest North and East parts of ASIA called TARTARIA and CHINA The second Peregrinations Voyages Discoueries of CHINA TARTARIA RVSSIA and other the North and East parts of the World by English-men and others The third Voyages and Discoueries of the North parts of the World by Land and Sea in ASIA EVROPE the Polare Regions and in the North-west of AMERICA The fourth English Northerne Nauigations and Discoueries Relations of Greenland Greenland the North-west passage and other Arctike Regions with later RVSSIAN OCCVRRENTS The fifth Voyages and Trauels to and in the New World called AMERICA Relations of their Pagan Antiquities and of the Regions and Plantations in the North and South parts thereof and of the Seas and Ilands adiacent The Third Part. Vnus Deus Vna Veritas LONDON Printed by William Stansby for Henrie Fetherstone and are to be sold at his shop in Pauls Church-yard at the signe of the Rose 1625. TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE AND RIGHT REVEREND FATHER IN GOD IOHN Lord Bishop of LINCOLNE Lord Keeper of the GREAT SEALE OF ENGLAND c. Right Reuerend and Honourable THese PILGRIMS deliuering a Historie of the World in their owne Trauels by Sea and Land not onely needed authoritie from the Admiraltie but fearing suspition of Riot without warrantable assemblie become humble Sutors for your Lordships fauour So shall they in the approbation of both to apply by a warrant of Ego dixi dij estis the Patriarchs mysticall Dreame to our Historicall purpose finde a Scala Coeli to ascend from the ground where they are prostrate Petitioners to the Princes Highnesse whence authorised they may againe descend and become the Commons of Common Readers Order requires a Medium betwixt Princely Height and his Lowlinesse whose function is also tearmed Holy Orders as further tying him to that equall inequalitie wherein hee beseecheth your Lordship as by speciall Office and in Proprietie to owne that which hee hath presumed to offer to the Prince in Capite Quemadmodum sub optimo rege omnia Rex imperio possidet Domini dominio Ad reges protestas pertinet ad singulos proprietas Many are the reasons which moued the Author to obtrude his PILGRIMS on your Lordship because he is deeply obliged Yours former fauours euen then when you were initiated in the Mysteries of Honour learning by seruice to Command in the Discipline of that Honorable Worthy Lord Chancellor EGERTON because some conceptions of this Worke were in your Honourable Iurisdiction of Westminster whither lest some traduce Trauellers for Vagrants they returne in hope of Sanctuarie not so much trusting to the ancient Liberties as to your Lordships liberall respect to literate endeauours because these Trauellers aduenturing the world seeke like Iacob at his going and returne a Reuerend Fathers Blessing and Confirmation The Author likewise being called on for his promised Europe submits himselfe to your Lordships Order heere tendring of that debt what hee is able in readie payment The worke it selfe also being a Librarie in this kind presents it selfe to your Honour the Founder of two famous Libraries one in Westminster where the Stones renued Fabrikes speake your Magnificence the other in that famous Nurserie of Arts and Vertue Saint IOHNS Colledge in Cambridge which sometime knew you a hopefull Sonne but now acknowledgeth your Lordship a happie Father where also the Author first conceiued with this Trauelling Genius whereof without trauelling he hath trauelled euer since Learning the Aduancer of your Honour hath secured her welwillers not to bee reiected in whatsoeuer indeauours Scribimus indocti doctique to aduance Learning The greatnesse of Nature to goodnesse of Nature varietie of Estates to a prime Pillar of State the Historie of Religions to a Religious Prelate of Antiquities to an Antiquarie cannot bee altogether vnwelcome that I mention not the dependance of London Ministers Liuings fined by the Times iniquitie on your Lordships equall Sentence These Causes haue moued One hath inforced these PILGRIMES are your Seruants fitly so called à Seruando saued by your Lordships hand when they were giuing vp the ghost despairing through a fatall stroke of euer seeing light Most humbly therefore sue vnto your Honour these PILGRIMES for acknowledgement esteeming your Lordships Name in fore-front a cognisance of blest Libertie and best Seruice Now when Ianus sends many with gratefull emulations to present their acclamations of a New Yeere presenting a wordie rather then worthy Present a World yea a New world in great part one Age younger to mens knowledge then America sometimes stiled by that Name I had written others Causes of my addresse to your Honour but dare not proceed to interrupt Others more weightie In all humble earnestnesse beseecheth now in this Festiuall time the Author with his PILGRIMES to finde Hospitall entertainment not at your Honours table where Great affaires of Church and State are feasted except some recreation some times permit but with Schollers and Gentlemen in the Hall which will welcome such Guests as your Lordship shall Countenance So shall you encourage euer to pray for the increase of your Lordships happinesse in the Happie Seruice of his MAIESTIE Your Lordships most bounden SAMVEL PVRCHAS THE CONTENTS OF THE CHAPTERS AND PARAGRAPHS IN THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE SECOND PART OF PVRCHAS HIS PILGRIMS CHAP. I. THe Iournall of Friar William de Rubruquis a French-man of the Order of the Minorite Friars vnto the East parts of the World Anno Dom. 1253. H. pag. 1. CHAP. II. Tartarian and Northerne Relations written in Latin by the famous Friar Roger Bacon H. p. 52 Relations of Vincentius Beluacensis the most of which he receiued from Friar Simon de Sancto Quintino one of the foure Friars sent by Pope Innocent the fourth to the Tartars seruing to the illustration of the former pag. 58. CHAP. III. Relations touching the Tartars taken out of the Historie of R. Wendouer and Mat. Paris with certaine Epistles of the same subiect pag. 60. CHAP. IIII. The first booke of Marcus Paulus Venetus or of Master Marco Polo a Gentleman of Venice his Voyages pag. 65. § 1. The voyages of Master Nicolo and M. Maffio from Constantinople to the Great Can and their comming home to Venice their second voyage with the Authour and returne ibid. § 2. Obseruations of M. Polo of Armenia Turkie Zorzania Baldach Persia Chirmain Cobniam Ormus Knaue-fooles paradise and other Easterne parts in Asia and Armenia the lesse pag. 69. § 3. Of Sapurgan Balac Thaican Scassem Balaxiam Bascia Chesmur Vochan Samarchan Carchan Peym the dreadfull Desart of Lop and Tanguth pag. 73. § 4. Of Carchoran the originall proceedings and exploits of the Tartars of Priest Iohn and his discendants Customes of the Tartars Of Bargu Erginul Xandu the Cans Citie and Palace of Muske of strange Sorcerers and anstere Monkes pag. 77. § 5. Of Cublai Can his Raigne and Acts Magnificent feasts and
there shee gaue the Monke a Iascot and to the Archdeacon of the Priests another she caused a Nassic to be spread before vs to wit a piece of Cloth as broad as a Couerlet of a Bed very large and a Buckeram which when I would not receiue they sent them to my Interpreter who had them to himselfe He brought the Nassic to Cyprus which he sold for eightie Sultanines of Cyprus but it was much the worse for the carriage Then drinke was brought to wit drinke made of Rice and red Wine like Wine of Rochell and Cosmos Then the Ladie holding the cup full in her hand desired blessing vpon her knees and all the Priests sing with a loud voyce and shee drunke it vp and I and my companion must sing Another time when all of them were almost drunke then meate was brought to wit the carkasse of one Ramme which was presently deuoured and after that great fishes which are called Carpes without Salt or Bread whereof I eate a little so they passed the day vntill the Euening And when the Lady her selfe was drunke she tooke her Chariot the Priests singing and went her way The next Sunday when There was a Marriage in Cana of Galily is read for the Gospell Chans Sonne came whose Mother was a Christian and did the like but not with so great Solemnitie For he gaue no gifts but made the Priests drinke till they were drunke and gaue them parched Millet to eate Before the first Sunday in Lent the Nestorians fast three dayes which they call the Fast of Ionas which he preached to the Niniuites And the Armenians fast fiue dayes which they call the Fast of Saint Sorkis which is the greatest Saint amongst them The Nestorians beginne their Fast vpon Tuesday and end it vpon Thursday so that vpon Friday they eate flesh And all that time I saw the Chancelor to wit the great Secretarie of State called Bulgai make them a pittance of flesh vpon the Friday and they blessed the flesh with great Solemnitie as the Paschall Lambe is blessed but he eate none with them and this I learned of Willielmus Parisiensis who was his very familiar friend The Monke sent to Mangu to fast that weeke which as I heard hee did so that on the Sabbath of Septuagesima at which time it is as it were Easter to the Armenians wee went on Procession to the house of Mangu and the Monke and we two being first searched whether wee had Kniues went in with the Priests before him And while we went in one of the Seruants went forth carrying out the shoulder bones of Rammes burnt to the blacknesse of Coales Whereupon I maruelled greatly what it should meane whereof after I had inquired I vnderstood that hee neuer doth any thing before he haue consulted with those bones Whereupon hee doth not so much as suffer a man to enter his house but first consulteth with that bone which kind of Diuination is thus done When he purposeth to doe any thing he causeth three of those bones to be brought vnto him vnburnt and holding them he thinketh of the thing whereof he will consult whether he may doe it or not and then deliuereth the bones to bee burnt and there are alwayes two little Roomes hard by the house where he lyes where those bones are burnt which are diligently sought for euery day thorow all the Leskar or Tent-dwelling When they are burnt blacke they bring them vnto him then hee lookes vpon them whether the bones by the heate of the fire be cleft right length-wayes then the way is open that he may do it But if the bones be cracked athwart or round pieces flye out of them then he doth it not for the bone is alwayes cleft in the fire or the thinne skin which ouer-spreadeth it And if one of the three be cleft forth right yet he doth it When therefore wee went in before him aduised before that wee should not touch the threshold the Nestorian Priests brought him Incenses and he put it vpon the Censor and they censed him Then they sung blessing his cup and after them the Monke pronounced his blessing and we must blesse last And when he saw vs holding the Bible before our brest he caused it to be brought vnto him that he might see it which hee diligently looked vpon Then after he had drunke and the chiefe Priest had wayted on his Cup they gaue the Priests drinke After that we went forth and my companion stayed last And when wee were without my companion when hee should haue gone out after vs turned his face to Chan bowing himselfe vnto him and then hastily following vs he stumbled at the threshold of the house And when we went in haste toward the house of Baltu his eldest Sonne they that obserued the threshold layd hands on my companion and made him stay that hee should not follow vs calling one and commanding him to carrie him to Bulgai who is the great Secretary of the Court and iudgeth those that are arraigned of life and death But I knew it not yet when I looked backe and saw him not comming I thought they detayned him to giue him some lighter garments For he was weake and so laden with Pelt-garments that he could scarce goe Then they called our Interpreter and made him sit with him but wee went to Chans eldest Sonnes house who had two Wiues and was lodged at the right side of his Fathers Court who as soone as he saw vs comming leaping from his bed whereon he sate cast himselfe vpon the earth smiting his fore-head against the ground worshipping the Crosse and arising caused it to be set vpon a new cloth in an high place by him very honourably He hath a Schoolemaster a Nestorian Priest called Dauid a very Drunkard who teacheth him Then he made vs sit and giue the Priests drinke and hee also dranke receiuing the blessing from them Then wee went vnto the Court of the second Lady which was called Cota who followed Idolaters whom wee found lying sicke a bed Then the Monke made her rise out of her bed and worship the Crosse bowing her knees thrice and ducking toward the ground he standing with the Crosse at the West-side of the house and she on the East this being done they changed places and the Monke went with the Crosse vnto the East and shee vnto the West And hee boldly commanded her although she were so weake that she could scarce stand vpon her feet that shee should cast herselfe downe thrice againe and worship the Crosse toward the East after the manner of the Christians which she did and he taught her to make the signe of the Crosse vpon her forehead After she lay downe vpon her bed and praying for her we went vnto the third house where a Christian Lady vsed to be who being dead a young woman succeeded her who together with the Daughter of her Lord ioyfully receiued vs and
alwayes going to the West vnto a certaine Castle called Camath There Euphrates bendeth to the South towards Halapia But we passing the Riuer went through very high hilly Countries and through the deepe Snow to the West There was so great an Earthquake there that yeare that in one Citie called Arsengan tenne thousand persons noted by name perished beside poore men of whom there was no notice taken Riding three dayes together we saw the gaping of the Earth as it was cleft by the Earthquake and the heapes of Earth which came from the Mountaines and filled the valleyes so that if but a little more of the Earth had beene moued that which Esay speaketh had beene literally fulfilled Euery valley shall be filled and euery Mountaine and little hill shall be humbled We passed through the Valley where the Soldan of Turkie was vanquished of the Tartars It were too long to write how he was ouercome But a certaine seruant of my guides who was with the Tartars said That the Tartars were not aboue tenne thousand in the whole and a certaine Curgine a seruant of the Soldans said That there were two hundred thousand with the Soldan all Horsemen In that plaine where the Battaile was nay that flight there brake out a great Lake at the time of the Earthquake And my heart told me that all the Earth opened her mouth to receiue yet more blood of the Saracens We were in Sebaste of the lesser Armenia in Easter weeke There we visited the Tombes of forty Martyrs There the Church of Saint Blase standeth but I could not goe thither because it was aboue in the Castle On Low-Sunday we came to Cesaria of Cappadocia where there is a Church of Saint Basill the great About fifteene dayes after we came to Iconium making small iournies and resting in many places because we could not so readily procure Horses And my guide did this of purpose taking vpon him to sollicite his owne busines three dayes in euery Towne whereupon I was much grieued but durst not speake because he might haue sold or slaine me and our seruants and there was none to gaine-say it I found many Frankes at Iconium and a certaine Ianuensian Marchant called Nicholas de Sancto Syrio Who with a certaine companion of his a Venetian called Boniface de Molendino carried all the Allum out of Turkie so that the Soldan could not sell any but to those two and they made it so deare that what was wont to be sold for fifteene Bizantians is now sold for fifty My guide presented me to the Soldan The Soldan said he would willingly cause me to be conuayed to the Sea to Armenia or Cilicia Then the foresaid Marchant knowing that the Saracens made little accompt of me and that I was much burthened with the company of my guide who troubled me euery day to giue him gifts caused me to be conueyed to Curcum a Hauen of the King of Armenia I came thither the day before the Ascension and stayed till the day after Penticost Then I heard that Ambassadours came from the King to his Father Then I went speedily to the Kings father to demand whether hee had heard any newes of his Sonne And I found him set with all his Sonnes one excepted called Barum Vsin Who made a certaine Castle And he receiued newes from his Sonne that hee was returned And that Mangu Chan had much eased his Tribute and had giuen him a Priuiledge that no Ambassadour should come into his Countrey Whereupon the old man himselfe with all his Sonnes made a great Banquet And he caused me to be conueyed to the Sea to the Hauen called Aijax and thence I passed ouer into Cyprus And at Nicosia I found our Prouinciall who the same day carried me with him to Antiochia which is in very weake state Wee were there on the Feast of Saint Peter and Paul From thence we came to Tripolis where our Chapter was in the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin ANd our Prouinciall determined that I should leaue Acon not suffering me to come vnto you commanding to write vnto you what I would by the bearer of these Presents And not daring to resist contrarie to my obedience I did according to my power and vnderstanding crauing pardon of your inuincible Clemencie for my superfluities or wants or for any thing that shall be vndiscreetly nay foolishly spoken as from a man of little vnderstanding not accustomed to indite long Histories The Peace of God which passeth all vnder standing preserue your heart and vnderstanding I would willingly see your Highnesse and certayne spirituall friends which I haue in your Kingdome Wherefore if it should not bee contrarie to your Maiesties liking I would beseech you to write to our Prouinciall that he would let me come vnto you and returne shortly againe into the Holy Land Concerning Turkie your Maiestie shall vnderstand that the tenth man there is not a Saracen nay they are all Armenians and Greekes and Children rule ouer them For the Soldan who was conquered of the Tartars had a lawfull Wife of Hiberia by whom he had one feeble Sonne concerning whom he charged that he should be the Soldan He had another of a Greeke Concubine whom he gaue to a certayne great Admirall The third hee had of a Turke To whom many Turks and Turcomans being gathered together they purposed to haue slaine the Sonnes of the Christians They ordayned also as I vnderstood that after they had gotten the Victorie they would destroy all the Churches and kill as many as would not become Saracens But hee was ouercome and many of his men slaine Hee renued his Armie the second time and then was taken and is yet in Prison Pacaster the Sonne of the Greeke Concubine procured of Filiaster that he might be Soldan because the other was weake whom they sent to the Tartars Whereupon his Kindred on the Mothers side to wit the Hiberi and the Curgi were angry So that a child ruleth in Turkie hauing no Treasure few Warriours and many Enemies The Son of Vastacius is weake and hath warre with the Sonne of Assau who likewise is a child and worne out with the seruitude of the Tartars Wherefore if an Armie of the Church should come to the Holy Land it were a very easie thing to subdue all these Countries or to passe through them The King of Hungarie hath not aboue thirtie thousand Souldiers From Cullin to Constantinople are not aboue threescore dayes iourney by Waggons From Constantinople are not so many dayes iourney to the Countrey of the King of Armenia In old time valiant men passed through these Countries and prospered yet they had most valiant Resisters whom God hath now destroyed out of the Earth And wee need not be in danger of the Sea nor in the mercie of Saylers And the price which wee should giue for fraight were sufficient for expenses by Land I speake it confidently if your
another circuit of sixe mile square with three Gates on the South square and three on the North that which is in the midst being in both the greater and kept shut except when the Can passeth that way the other alway open to others In each corner of this Wall and in the midst is a faire Palace eight in all very large in which are kept the Cans munitions and furnitures of all sorts for Horses in one in another Bowes and shooting Artillerie in a third Costlets Curasses and leather Armours and so in the rest Within this circuit is another wall-circuit very thicke and ten paces high all the battlements white the wall square each square a mile in length with sixe gates as the former and eight Palaces also very great wherein are the Cans prouision Betwixt these two last walls are many faire trees and medowes in which are Deere Muske beasts with other game and store of grasse the paths being heigthned two cubits to spare it no durt nor plashes of water being therein Within this last wall is the Palace of the great Can the greatest that hath beene seene abutting with the wall on the North and South and open spaced where the Barons and Souldiers passe It hath no seeling but a very high roofe the foundation of the pauement ten palms high with a wall of marble round about it two paces wide as it were a walke In the end of the wall without is a faire Turret with Pillars In the walls of the Halls and Chambers are carued Dragons Souldiers Birds Beasts of diuers kinds histories of Warres gilded The roofe is so made that nothing is seene but Gold and Imagery In euery square of the Palace is a great Hall of marble capable of great multitudes The Chambers are disposed the best that may be deuised the roofe is red greene azure and of all coloures Behind the Palace are great Roomes and priuate store-houses for his treasures and Iewels for his women and other secret employments Ouer against the said Palace of the Can is another for Cingis his sonne whose Court was in all things like his Fathers Neere this Palace towards the North is a Mount made by hand a mile in compasse one hundred paces high beset with trees that are alwaies greene Vnto this mountaine the king commandeth all the best trees to be brought from remote parts lading Elephants with them for they are taken vp with the roots and are transplanted in this Mountaine And because this Mountaine is alwaies greene it is called The greene Mountaine And where the earth of that Mount was taken away are two Lakes answering each other with a pretie Riuer filling them stored with fish and so grated that the fish cannot get forth The Citie of Cambalu in the Prouince of Cathai seated on a great Riuer was famous and regall from antiquitie And this name Cambalu signifieth The Citie of the Lord or Prince This Citie the great Can remoued vnto the other side of the Riuer where the Palaces are for he vnderstood by the Astrologers that it should rebell against the Empire This new built Citie is called Taidu and he made all the Catayans to goe out of the old Citie into the new which contayneth in compasse foure and twentie miles euery side of the square contayning sixe miles It hath walls of earth ten paces thicke at the bottome and at the top but three by little and little ascending thinner the batlements are white Euery square of the wall hath three principall Gates which are twelue in all hauing sumptuous Palaces built ouer each of them There are also excellent Palaces in the angles of the walls where the Armes of the Garrison which are one thousand at each Gate are kept The buildings are squared out the streets laid very straight by line throughout this Citie so that from one Gate a free prospect openeth thorow the Citie to the opposite Gate hauing very goodly houses built on both sides like Palaces with Gardens and Courts diuided to the Heads of Families In the middle of the Citie a certaine sumptuous house is built wherein hangeth a very great Bell after the third knolling whereof in the night no man may goe out of his house vntill the beginning of the day following except it be for speciall cause as for a woman in trauell c. And they are compelled to carrie a light with them Without the Citie of Cambalu are twelue great Suburbs three or foure miles long ioyning vpon each of the twelue Gates more inhabiting the Suburbs then the Citie heere Marchants and Strangers keepe each Nation hauing a seuerall Store-house or Burse in which they lodge No dead corps of any man is buryed within this Citie but the bodies of Idolaters are burned without the Suburbs where the dead bodies of other sects are buryed And because an huge multitude of Sorcerers conuerse alwayes there they haue about twentie fiue thousand Harlots in the Suburbs and in the Citie and these haue a Captaine appointed ouer euery hundreth and thousand and one Generall whose office is that when Embassadours come or such as haue businesse with the Can whose charges he findeth this Captaine giueth euery Embassadour and euery man of his family change of women nightly at free cost for this is the Queanes tribute The Guards euery night cast those in prison which they finde walking late and if they be found guiltie they are beaten with Cudgels for the Bachsi tell them that it is not good to shed mans blood But many dye of those beatings The great Can hath in his Court twelue thousand Horse-men which they call Casitan faithfull Souldiers of their Lord who guard his person more for state then feare And foure Captaines haue the charge of these whereof euery one commandeth three thousand When one Captaine with three thousand Souldiers within the Palace hath guarded the King for three dayes and nights another Captaine with his Souldiers againe succeedeth and so throughout the whole yeeare this course of watching by course is obserued When through occasion of any feastiuall day hee keepeth a solemne Court his Table being higher then the rest of the Tables is set at the North part of the Hall and his face is to the South hauing the greatest Queene on his left hand to wit his principall wife and his Sonnes and nephews and they of the blood royall on his right Yet their table is in a lower place so that they scarce touch the Kings feet with their heads the seat of the eldest being higher then the rest The Barons and Princes sit in a lower place then that Their wiues also keepe the like order first the Cans sonnes wiues and his kinsmens sits lower on the left hand and after those of the Lords and of euery Captaine and Noble-man each in her degree and order And the Emperour himselfe while he sitteth at his table may cast his eyes vpon all that
clothes of Gold and Silke and are rich Merchants and the Countrey is very commodious to the Can specially by Customes of Merchandise There is great plentie of Corne. Sianfu is a noble and great Citie in the Prouince of Mangi and hath twelue rich and great Cities subiect vnto her iurisdiction They make great store of Silkes and cloth of Gold haue plentie of game and fowle and of all things pertayning to a Citie of note so strong that it was three yeeres besieged and could not be vanquished by the Armie of the Tartars when the Prouince of Mangi was subdued For it is compassed on euery side with Lakes that there was no way vnto it but on the North so that ships came and went continually bringing plentie of victuals which not a little afflicted great Can. The two brethren Master Nicolo and Master Maffio then in his Court hearing hereof went to him and offered their seruice to deuise certaine Engines after the manner of the West able to shoot a stone of three hundred weight thereby to kill men and ruine houses The Can appointed them the best Carpenters which were Nestorian Christians who made three Mangani of those Engines in a short space which were proued and approued before him and by ships sent vnto his Armie Planting them therefore against the Citie Sianfu they began to cast great stones into the Citie and the first falling vpon a certaine house brake it for the most part with the violence thereof Which the besieged Inhabitants seeing were very much astonished and yeelded themselues and became subiect to the obedience of great Can on the same conditions with the rest of Mangi to the great repute of the two Venetian brethren From the Citie Sianfu to a certaine Citie named Singui are numbred fifteene miles South-eastward which although it be not great yet hath it an exceeding multitude of Ships being seated vpon the greatest Riuer in the world called Quian the bredth of which in certaine places contayneth ten miles in other eight and in some sixe But the length thereof extendeth it selfe aboue an hundred dayes iourney from the head to the Sea Innumerable other Riuers flow into it which runne thorow diuers Regions and are nauigable and make it so great incredible store of Merchandise is brought by this Riuer There are also very many other Cities in number about two hundred which participate of this Riuer it floweth through the bounds of sixteene Prouinces The greatest commoditie is Salt wherewith all the Cities which communicate in these waters are stored Master Marco saw at one time at Singui fiue thousand ships and yet other Cities on that Riuer haue more All those ships are couered and haue but one mast and one sayle and vsually carrie foure thousand and so vpwards some of them twelue thousand Venetian Cantari Neither vse cordage of Hempe except for the mast and sayle but haue Canes fifteence paces long which they riue into thinne parts from one end to the other and binding the cut pieces together and wreathing them make very long ropes so that some of them contayne three hundred fathom in length And those lines are as strong as Hempen and serue for halfes and cables to draw their ships vp and downe the Riuer each ship hauing ten or twelue Horses for that purpose On that Riuer in many places are rockie hillockes on which are built Monasteries to their Idols and all the way are Villages and places inhabited Cayngui is a little Citie vpon the foresaid Riuer South-eastward where euery yeere is brought store of Corne and Rise carried the most part to Cambalu For they may passe thither by Lakes and Riuers and by one deepe large hand-made Riuer which the Can caused to be made for passage from one Riuer to another and from Mangi to Cambalu without going to Sea Which worke is goodly and wonderfull for the site and length and more for the profit thereby to the Cities Hee hath made also great Causies to goe on land by those waters commodiously In the mids of the said Riuer is an Iland of a Rocke on which is erected a great Temple and Monasterie in which are two hundred Idolatrous Monkes This is the Mother-temple and Monasterie of many others Cinghianfu is a Citie of Mangi rich in Merchandise plentifull of game of wilde beasts and fowle and of victuall In it are two Churches of Nestorian Christians built Anno 1274. when the great Can sent Gouernour thither Marsachis a Nestorian which built them From the Citie Cinghianfu in three dayes iourney South-eastward you find many Cities and Castles all Idolaters and at last come to the Citie Tinguigui a great and faire Citie abounding with all kinde of victuals When Chinsam Baian Generall of the Armie of the Tartars conquered the Prouince of Mangi he sent many Christians called Alani against this Citie which was double walled into the inner they retired into the other the Alans entred and found there abundance of Wine whereof after a bad iourney they began to drinke so largely that they were all drunke and the Citizens in their sleepe suddenly falling vpon them slue them all none escaping But Baian hearing this sent another great Armie against those Citizens which shortly vanquishing the Citie in reuenge put them all to the sword leauing none aliue The great and excellent Citie Singui contayneth in circuit twentie miles Great multitudes of people are in it it hath many rich Merchants and cunning Artificers and it hath also very many Physicians and Magicians and Wisemen or Philosophers In the Mountaines of this Citie Rhubarb and Ginger grow in great plenty This Citie hath sixteen Cities vnder the iurisdiction thereof where much trading is vsed and very many curious Arts are exercised Very many Silkes are made there The word Singui in their language signifieth The Citie of the Earth as also they haue another Citie which they call Quinsai that is to say The Citie of Heauen From Singui one dayes iourney is Vagiu where is also abundance of Silke and cunning Artificers with many Merchants GOing from Vagiu three dayes continually you find Cities Castles and Villages well peopled and rich The People are Idolaters vnder the Can at the end of those dayes you come to Quinsai which for the excellency hath that name interpreted Citie of Heauen for in the World there is not the like in which are found so many pleasures that a man would thinke he were in Paradise In this Citie Master Marco Polo hath often beene and considered the same with great diligence obseruing the whole state thereof setting downe the same in his memorials as here shall be declared briefly This Citie by common opinion is an hundred miles in circuit for the streets and channels thereof are very wide There are Market places exceeding large On the one side a cleere Lake of fresh water on the other a great Riuer which enters in many places and carries
full fiftie leagues into the Countrey newly conquered It seemed vnto him a thing too much derogating from the greatnesse of the Emperour the maiestie of whose person hee represented if he went any further to see this barbarous King being more fit that he should come forward into the Countrey conquered lately from him by Odmar after he had obtayned the victory then to goe into his Countreys although he had subiected them vnto the Emperour and did pay a very great tribute So the King of China arriued within a league of Pochio with all his Court hee set forward vnto a Plaine where he and Prince Axalla did see each other who was much better accompanied from whom the King did as much differ as from the Emperours owne person They met three seuerall times together the King desired to bee admitted into a Citie which the Emperour had granted vnto him by the treatie Prince Odmar declared that it was of great importance therefore Prince Axalla was by the Emperour appointed for to bee Iudge of this controuersie In the end they required another further within the Countrey the which the King accepted so hee was put into possession of that Citie the situation whereof was very pleasant being compassed about with a Lake Axalla hauing discouered that this barbarous King did earnestly desire it onely for his pleasure and not for any other euill intent the Citie which hee deliuered being seated vpon a Riuer further within his Countrey and that other within our Countrey compassed about with our fortresses but Odmar did not allow of that and supposed it to bee for an euill purpose as for to contriue some new practises Odmar being an olde man who knew the Kings vnfaithfulnesse although hee had made him know it well enough vnto his smart hauing as I haue said wonne twenty or thirty Cities from him and aboue fourescore leagues of Countrey at such time as hee obtayned the last Battell during the time that the Emperour was in his last Voyage against the Persians So the enteruiew continued yet betweene Prince Axalla and the King of China on the Plaine a Tent being pitched whither Prince Axalla did come vnto him whom hee continually honoured as much as the Emperours owne person where after they had long time treated by Interpreters it was in the end agreed that the King of China should enter againe into Quinanci not suffering him to put any Garrison into it nor to fortifie the same but euen as a Prisoner and Subiect vnto the Emperour hee should enioy it and it should bee his owne enioying all the reuenue thereof neither should hee carrie any kingly Ensignes without the expresse leaue of the Gouernour for the Emperour hee should notwithstanding haue a guard of three hundred men for his person and should giue knowledge vnto the said Gouernour of his iourney before he entred into the Emperours Countries the which hee must passe for to goe thither Now the Citie was situated in the middest of a very great Lake in the which were many Ilands wherein there were an infinite number of houses of pleasure and it had beene alwaies a very delicate place where the Kings of China were wont to recreate themselues in all kindes of pleasures that were there to be found in so much as this barbarous King did not respect the conditions propounded vnto him so as he might make his abode there as it were in an Hermitage Hauing left vnto his brother the gouernment of his whole Kingdome through the displeasure he had of his bondage whereunto he was brought a courage certainly magnanimous and worthie a Nation made ciuill with the best learning and vnworthie the name of a Barbarian wherewith we called him Three times in the weeke at Samercand Tamerlan ministred open iustice vnto the meanest in his Imperiall Maiestie a thing which made him beloued of the people ouer whom hee commanded In the other dayes hee gaue secret audience for the affaires of his Estate and tooke aduice for matters of importance which were decided daily in his presence He had such seueritie in his counsell that they must needs deale truely before him and without all passion in discoursing notwithstanding he alwaies shewed himselfe courteous in his conuersation and made himselfe both beloued and feared of his people hee neuer changed his seruants except they committed great faults against him of all the seruants of the late Emperour his Vncle he did not change one of them but hee did withall encrease their estates making them in this change to feele his liberalitie which he made strangers for to taste also vnto whom he was accustomed to giue to binde them vnto him He drew great store of money yeerely for tribute of the Moscouite but he distributed it within the same countrey for to maintayne his authoritie there winning those for his which might haue hurt him by meanes of giuing vnto them Hee had great care of his reuenues and he had such a readinesse that he did see his estate from three moneths vnto three moneths within one houre both the ordinarie and extraordinarie expences they presented it so well digested vnto him But our haste of other voyages permits not our stay here Onely we will adde that after 〈◊〉 things ordered Sicknesse arrested and Death conquered this great Conquerour and this Traueller trauelled the way of all flesh into another world Presently after his death they ranne to call his sonne who as soone as he was come shut his eyes powring out teares as also did all his seruants The Prince Sautochio his eldest sonne within two houres after was proclaymed Emperour throughout â—ll the whole Armie and dispatches were made from all parts to aduertise the Gouernours of Prouinces thereof the Letters being signed with the hand of the new Emperour who hauing assembled all the Armie together hee made an Oration vnto the Captaines and Souldiers and caused them to make a generall muster gratifying all the ancient Seruants of the Emperour his Father he would not dispose of any thing before he had seene Prince Axalla and was ioyned with the Imperiall Armie This young Prince when he came vnto this Empire was nineteene yeeres old hee was faire and had much of the Emperor his Fathers naturall disposition They hoped that hee would wisely through the good counsell that was about him maintayne this great Empire but they feared greatly the young Prince Letrochio his brother whom his mother loued would cause diuisions as it happened in the times of their great grand-father betweene two brethren who had beene occasion of the destruction of their estate the which was releeued and lifted vp againe vnto his height by the valour of Tamerlan CHAP. IX Reports of GHAGGI MEMET a Persian of Tabas in the Prouince of Chilan touching his Trauels and Obseruations in the Countrey of the Great Can vnto M. G. BAPTISTA RAMVSIO HE said that he had beene at Succuir and Campion Cities of the Prouince of
warre made like great ships to the which they make great Fore-castles and high and likewise abafte to fight from them in such manner that they ouer-master their aduersaries and because they vse no Ordnance all their vse is to come many together and compassing the aduersaries ship they boord it and at the first on-set they cast a great deale of Lime to blinde the aduersaries and as well from the Castles as from the tops they cast many sharpe pikes burned at the end which serue for Topdarts of a very stiffe wood they vse also great store of stone and the chiefest they labour for is to breake with their ships the dead workes of their aduersaries that they may be masters ouer them hauing them vnder them and being destitute of any thing to shelter them and as soone as they can enter they come to the Pike or handy-blowes for the which they haue long Pikes and broad-pointed Swords hanging at their sides There bee other Iunkes for lading of goods but they are not so high as those of warre though there bee some very great All these ships as well of warre as of burthen vse two Oares a-head they are very great and foure or fiue men doe rowe euery one of them laying them along the ship they moue them with such a sleight that they make the ship goe forward and they helpe very much for to goe out and in at a barre and setting vpon the enemies for to boord them they call these Oares Lioslios in all manner of their shippings they vse the Lioslios neither doe they vse any other manner of Oares in any kinde of shipping There be other lesser shippings then Iunkes somewhat long called Bancones they beare three Oares on a side and rowe very well and loade a great deale of goods there be other lesse called Lanteas which haue sixe or seuen oares on a side which doe rowe very swift and beare a good burthen also and these two sorts of ships viz. Bancones and Lanteas because they are swift the theeues doe commonly vse The rowing of these Oares is standing two men at euery Oare euery one of his side setting one foot forward another backward In the Iunkes goe foure fiue or sixe men at an Oare They vse also certaine shippings very long like vnto Gallies without Oares or beake-head which doe lade great store of goods and they make them so long because lading bringing a great burden they may sayle the better by the Riuers which sometimes are not rough They haue many other shippings of burthen which is superfluous to tell of euery one There be many small boats of poore people in which are husband and wife and children and they haue no other dwelling but in their boat in a middle decke for defence of the Sunne and of the raine as also haue the Bancones and Lanteas and others which wee said were like Gallies and these deckes are in such sort that vnder them are very good lodgings and chambers in the great ships in these of the poore they are much inferiour there they breed their Pigs their Hennes and there they haue also their poore little Garden and there they haue all their poore state and harbouring The men goe to seeke worke about the Citie to helpe to maintayne their little house the women goe in the boats and with a long cane that reacheth well to the bottome of the Riuer at the end of the which is a little basket made of rods wherewith they get shell-fish with their industrie and passing of people from one side to another they helpe to sustaine their houshold These poore people notwithstanding doe not liue so poorely and beggarly in their apparell as those which liue poorely in Portugall There are other great shippings wherein is the stocke of them both which haue great lodging where they may bestow a great deale of stuffe these haue a great stocke they haue certaine Cages made all the length of the ship with canes in which they keepe two or three thousand Duckes more or lesse as the vessell is some of these belong to Lordships and their seruants goe in them they feed these Duckes as followeth After it is broad day they giue them a little sodden Rice not till they haue enough when they haue giuen â—t them they open a doore to the Riuer where is a Bridge made of canes and the noise they make at their going forth is wonderfull to see them goe tumbling one ouer another for the great abundance of them and the time they take in going out they feed all the day vntill night among the fields of Rice those which are owners of the shipping doe receiue a fee of them that owe the fields for letting them feed in them for they doe cleanse them eating the grasse that groweth among them When night commeth they call with a little Taber and though they be in sundry Barkes euery one knowes their owne by the sound of the Taber and goe vnto it and because alwaies in time some remayne without that come not in there are euery where many flockes of wilde Duckes and likewise of Geese When I saw such a multitude of Duckes in euery one of these Barkes and all of one bignesse and thinking they could not be hatched by Duckes or Hens for if it were so some would haue beene bigger then some seeing so many could not be hatched in one two or fifteene dayes I was willing to know how they hatched them and they told mee it was in one of two sorts In Summer laying two or three thousand Egs in the dung and with the heate of the weather and the dung the Egs are hatched In the Winter they make a Hurdle of canes very great vpon the which they lay this great number of Egges vnder the which they make a slacke fire continuing it of one sort a few dayes till the Egges be hatched And because they are hatched in this sort there are so many of one bignesse and all along the Riuer are many of these Barkes whereby the Countries are well prouided of this food There are some ships wherein the Rulers doe sayle which haue very high lodgings and within houses very well made gilt rich and very sumptuous and on the one side and the other they haue great windowes with their Nets wouen of Silke and very fine small rods set before them that they within seeing all them without may not bee seene of them Toward the side of the Laos and the Bramaes are continually watches and wards in the Riuers in many ships euen a whole moneths Iourney in length vnto the Citie of Cansi these ships are in the places where the Riuers make any armes because of the many theeues which commonly are in these parts being the vttermost of the Kingdome and because the Riuers haue many armes many ships are placed in those parts in euery place where these shippings are there bee
and in their Caps Pecocks Feathers Behinde these Louteas come such as doe beare certaine Tables hanged at staues ends wherein is written in Siluer letters the name degree and office of that Loutea whom they follow In like manner they haue borne after them Hats agreeable vnto their titles if the Loutea bee meane then hath be brought after him but one Hat and that may not be yellow but if hee be of better sort then may hee haue two three or foure the principall and chiefe Louteas may haue all their Hats yellow the which among them is accounted great honour The Loutea for warres although hee bee but meane may notwithstanding haue yellow Hats The Tutanes and Chians when they goe abroad haue besides all this before them led three or foure Horses with their Guard in Armour Furthermore the Louteas yea and all the people in China are wont to eat their meat sitting on Stooles at high Tables as wee doe and that very cleanly although they vse neither Table-clothes nor Napkins Whatsoeuer is set downe vpon the boord is first carued before that it be brought in they feed with two Sticks refraining from touching their meat with their hands euen as we do with Forkes for the which respect they lesse doe need any Table-clothes Neither is the Nation onely ciuill at meat but also in conuersation and in courtesie they seeme to exceed all other Likewise in their dealings after their manner they are so readie that they farre passe all other Gentiles and Moores the greater States are so vaine that they line their clothes with the best silke that may be found The Louteas are an idle generation without all manner of exercises and pastimes except it be eating and drinking Sometimes they walke abroad in the fields to make the Souldiers shoot at Pricks with their Bowes but their eating passeth they will stand eating euen when the other doe draw to shoot The Pricke is a great Blanket spread on certaine long Poles he that striketh it hath of the best man there standing a piece of Crimson Taffata the which is knit about his head in this sort the winner is honoured and the Louteas with their bellies full returne home againe The Inhabitants of China bee very Idolaters all generally doe worship the heauens and as we are wont to say God knoweth it so say they at euery word Tien Tautee that is to say The Heauens doe know it Some doe worship the Sunne and some the Moone as they thinke good for none are bound more to one then to another In their Temples the which they doe call Meani they haue a great Altar in the same place as we haue true it is that one may goe round about it There set they vp the Image of a certaine Loutea of that Countrey whom they haue in great reuerence for certaine notable things he did At the right hand standeth the Deuill much more vgly painted then we doe vse to set him out whereunto great homage is done by such as come into the Temple to aske counsell or to draw lots this opinion they haue of him that he is malicious and able to doe euill If you aske them what they doe thinke of the soules departed they will answer that they be immortall and that as soone as any one departeth out of this life he becommeth a deuil if he haue liued well in this world if otherwise that the same deuil changeth him into a Bufle Oxe or Dog Wherefore to this Deuill doe they much honour to him do they sacrifice praying him that he will make them like vnto himselfe and not like other beasts They haue moreouer another sort of Temples wherein both vpon the Altars and also on the walls doe stand many Idols well proportioned but bare headed These beare name Omithofon accounted of them spirits but such as in heauen doe neither good nor euill thought to bee such men and women as haue chastely liued in this world in abstinence from Fish and Flesh fed only with Rice and Salates Of that Deuill they make some account for these spirits they care little or nothing at all Againe they hold opinion that if a man doe well in this life the heauens will giue him many temporall blessings but if he doe euill then shall he haue infirmities diseases troubles and penurie and all this without any knowledge of God Finally this people knoweth no other thing then to liue and die yet because they be reasonable creatures all seemed good vnto them we spake in our language though it were not very sufficient Our manner of praying so well liked them that in prison importunately they besought vs to write for them somewhat as concerning heauen the which we did to their contentation with such reasons as we knew howbeit not very cunningly As they doe their Idolatry they laugh at themselues The greatest fault we doe finde in them is Sodomie a vice very common in the meaner sort and nothing strange amongst the best Furthermore the Louteas withall the people of China are wont to solemnize the daies of the new and full Moones in visiting one each other and making great banquets for to that end as I haue said doe tend all their pastimes and spending their daies in pleasure They are wont also to solemnize each one his birth day whereunto their kindred and friends doe resort of custome with presents of Iewells or Money receiuing againe for their reward good cheere They keepe in like manner a generall Feast with great Banquets that day their King was borne But their most principall and greatest Feast of all and best cheare is the first day of their new yeere namely the first day of the New Moone of Februarie so that their first moneth is March and they reckon the times accordingly respect being had vnto the reigne of their Princes as when any deed is written they date it thus Made such a day of such a Moone and such a yeere of the raigne of such a King Now will I speake of the manner the which the Chineans doe obserue in doing Iustice. Because the Chinish King maketh his abode continually in the City Pachin his Kingdome so great the shires so many as before it hath beene said in it therefore the Gouernours and Rulers much like vnto our Sheriffes be so appointed suddenly and speedily discharged againe that they haue no time to grow nought Furthermore to keepe the State in more securitie the Louteas that gouerne one shire are chosen out of some other shire distant farre off where they must leaue their Wiues Children and Goods carrying nothing with them but themselues True it is that at their comming thither they doe find in a readinesse all things necessarie their House Furniture Seruants and all other things in such perfection and plentie that they want nothing Thus King is well serued without all feare of Treason In the principall Cities of the shires be foure chiefe Louteas
here with that Trade others are laden with skuls of dead men they dreaming that all the Almes of those men whose skuls these haue beene shall belong to their soules and that the Porter of Heauen seeing them come with thus many attending will open to him as an honourable person Others haue Cages of Birds and call to men to set free those Captiues which are the creatures of God with their Almes which they which doe let loose the Bird and bid him tell God what he hath done in his Seruice others do the like with liuing fishes offering their freedome to the charitable Redeemers which themselues will not giue them much like the sale of Indulgences saying they are Innocents which neuer sinned which freed by Almes are let goe in the Riuer with commendations of this their Redeemers Seruice to the Creator Other Barkes carry Fidlers and Musicians to offer their Seruice Others the Priests sell Hornes of sacrificâ—d Beasts with promise of I know not what Feasts in Heauen others had Tents of sorrow Tombes and all Funerall appurtenances with Women-mourners to be let out for Burials others laden with Books of all sorts of Historie and these also haue Scriueners and Proctors others haue such as offer their seruice to fight in defence of their honour others haue Mid-wiues others Nurses others carry graue men and women to comfort those that haue lost Husbands Wiues Children and the like disconsolate persons others Boyes and Girles for seruice others offer Counsellors in Cases of Law or Learning others Physicians and to conclude nothing is to bee sought on the Land which is not here to be found in this Water-citie Once the cause of the greatnesse of this Kingdome of China is this easie concourse of all parts by water and Riuers some of which in narrow places haue bridges of stone like ours and some made of one only stone laid ouer sometimes of eightie ninetie or one hundred spannes long and fifteene or twentie broad All the High-wayes haue large Causies made of good stone with Pillers and Arches fairely wrought inscribed with the Founders names and prayses in golden Letters In many places they haue Wels to refresh the Trauellers And in more barren and lesse inhabited places are single women which giue free entertainment to such as haue no monie which abuse and abomination they call a worke of Mercie and is prouided by the deceased for good of their soules with Rents and mayntenance Others haue also bequeathed in the like places houses with Lights to see the way and fires for Trauellers water and Lodging I haue in one and twentie yeares vnfortunate trauels seene a great part of Asia and the riches of Europe but if my testimonie be worthy credit all together is not comparable to China alone such are the endowments of nature in a wholsome Ayre Soyle Riuers and Seas with their Policie Iustice Riches and State that they obscure all the lustres of other parts Yet such is their bestiall and Deuillish Idolatry and filthy Sodomitry publikly permitted committed taught by their Priests as a vertue that I cannot but grieue at their vngratitude Departing from this admirable Citie we sailed vp the Riuer till on the ninth of October on Tuesday we came to the great Citie of Pequim whither wee were sent by Appeale Wee went three and three as Prisoners and were put in a Prison called Gofania serca where for an entrance they gaue each of vs thirtie stripes Chifu which brought vs presented to the Aitao our Processe signed with twelue seales from Nanquiu The twelue Conchalis which are Criminall Iudges sent one of their company with two Notaries and sixe or seuen Officers to the Prison where wee were and examined vs to whom we answered as before and hee appointed vs to make petition to the Tanigores of the holy Office by our Proctors and gaue vs a Taell for almes with a caueat to beware of the Prisoners that they robbed vs not and then went into another great Roome where he heard many Prisoners Causes three houres together and then caused execution to be done on seuen and twentie men sentenced two dayes before which all dyed with the blowes to our great terrour And the next day wee were collared and manicled being much afraid that our Calempluys businesse would come to light After seuen dayes the Tanigores of the Hospitall of that Prison came in to whom we with pitifull lamentation gaue the Certificate which wee brought from Nanquin By their meanes the Conchalis petitioned the Chaem to reuoke the Sentence of cutting off our thumbs seeing there was no testimonie of theft by vs committed but only our pouertie we more needed pitie then rogour He heard the pleading for and against vs for diuers daies the Prometor or Fiscall laying hard against vs that wee were theeues but being able to proue nothing the Chaem suspended him from his Office and condemned him in twentie Taeis to vs which was brought vs. And at last we were brought into a great Hall painted with diuers representations of execution of Iustice for seuerall crimes there written very fearefull to behold and at the end a fairer gilded roome crossed the same where was a Tribunall with seuen steps compassed with three rewes of grates Iron Latten and blacke Wood inlayed with Mother of pearle hauing a Canopie of Damaske fringed with Gold and greene Silke and vnderneath a Chaire of Siluer for the Chaem and a little Table before him with three Boyes attending on their knees richly attired with chaines of gold on their neckes the middlemost to giue him his Penne the other two to receiue Petitions and to present them on the Table two other Boyes standing at his side in exceeding rich aray the one representing Iustice the other on the right hand Mercy without which conioyned the Iudge they say becomes a Tyrant The rest of the state and ceremonie I omit wee kneeling on our knees with our hands lifted vp and our eyes cast downe to the ground heard gladly our Sentence of absolution Only we were for one yeere banished to the workes of Quansy and eight moneths of that yeere ended to haue free pasport to goe home or whither we would After the Sentence pronounced one of the Conchalys stood vp and fiue times demanded aloud if any could take exception against the Sentence and all being silent the two Boyes representing Iustice and Mercy touched each others Ensignes which they had in their hands and said aloud let them be free according to the Sentence and presently two Chumbims tooke off our Collars and Manicles and all our bonds The foure moneths the Tanigores told vs were taken off the yeere as the Kings almes in regard of our pouertie for had wee beene rich wee must haue serued the whole yeere They gaue vs foure Taeis of almes and went to the Captaine which was to goe for Quansy to commend vs to his charitie which vsed vs accordingly PEquin
feare lest this vndertaking would cost our liues with a People so cruell The next day George Mendez and two others of our companie were carried with a band of Horse-men about the Castle to view it and then brought to the Mitaquer to whom he professeth great facilitie of effecting his purpose which so contented him that he sware by the Rice he eate to present vs to the King and to fulfill his promises presently taking off the remainder of our Irons Hee made vs to eate neere him and did vs other honour After which George Mendez as Camp-master appointed store of Chists Boxes and matterials to fill vp the ditch and three hundred large scaling Ladders able to hold each three Souldiers against the next morning to be made ready two hours before day All this was happily effected the ditch filled and Mendez with two others of vs first scaled the wall and set vp the Tartars Colours fiue thousand Tartars gallantly seconding so that with a hote skirmish the besieged were all slaine and the Castle taken the gates opened to the Mitaquer who with great ceremonies tooke thereof possession He caused George Mendez and the rest of vs to eate neere him razed the Castle and taking Mendez with him on horse-backe returned to his Tent giuing him 1000. Taeis and each of vs 100. the cause of much emulation in some of our companie who by his meanes had obtayned libertie Thence the Mitaquer marched by places desolate to a good Towne by the Riuers side called Lautimey the people whereof were fled the Towne these barbarians fired as they did other places where they came The next day they burned Bunxay a sowne field of aboue sixe leagues circuit most Wheat and came to the Hill Pommitay and the next day to the Riuer Palemzitau within two leagues of the Kings Campe. Guijay Paran sonne of the King of Persia at the Castle of Lautir by the Kings appointment stayed for him to whom Mitaquer on his knees deliuered his Scimitar hauing first kissed the ground fiue times Hee welcomed him with honourable termes and after that stepping backe two or three paces with a new ceremonie and with a voyce high and seuere as he which represented the Kings person said He whose rich border of his garment my mouth continually kisseth whose great power ruleth ouer others by Land and on the Iles of the Sea sends to tell thee by mee his Slaue that thy honourable comming is as welcome to his presence as the sweet Summer morning wherein the bathing of cold water most delights the flesh and that without delay thou hastenest to heare his voice mounted on this Horse richly furnished out of his Treasurie with mee that thou mayest be equall in honour with the principall of his Court and they which see thee thus honoured may know that thou art a strong member whose valour deserues this reward Thus with great state and pompe they went to the King and fifteene dayes after he brought vs to the Tents of the King well horsed then in the sumptuous House of Nacapirau When he came to the Trenches hee descended from his Litter wee from our Horses and asked leaue of Nautaran to enter which granted he againe went to his Litter and we followed on foot at the next passage he descended and went in leauing vs to expect him An houre after he returned with foure faire Boyes gallantly arayed in greene and white with their golden Xorâ—as on their feet to whom all the people rose vp and drawing their Scimitars laid them on the ground saying three times A hundred thousand yeeres liue the Lord of our heads Wee lying prostrate with our faces on the ground one of the Boyes said to vs with a loude voice Reioyce yee men of the Worlds end for the houre of your desire is comne in which the libertie which the Mitaquer promised you in the Castle of Nixianco shall bee granted you Lift vp your heads from the ground and your hands to Heauen giuing thankes to the Lord which made the Stars Wee answered as wee were taught Let it bee our fortune that his foot tread on our heads the Boy answered The Lord grant your request These foure Boyes with Mitaquer guided vs on thorow a Gallerie standing on sixe and twentie Pillars of Brasse from which wee entred a great Hall of timber in which stood Mogores Persians Berdios Calaminhans and Bramas thence wee came to another Hall called Tigihipau where were great store of armed men in fiue files quite thorow the Hall their Swords garnished with Gold There Mitaquer performed some ceremonies swearing on the Maces which the foure Boyes carried kneeling and kissing the ground three times Then we passed another gate and came to a square great Hall like the Cloister of a Monasterie in which stood foure files of brazen Images like Sauages with Maces and Crownes seuâ—n and twentie spannes high and sixe broad which the Tartars said were the three hundred and sixty Gods which made the dayes of the yeere which the Tartar King had taken out of a Temple called Angicamoy in the Citie Xipatom in a Chappell of the Sepulchres of the Kings of China to carrie home in triumph In this Hill was a Garden of strange herbs and flowers and therein a Tent vpon twelue turned posts of Camphire wood in which was a Throne all garnished with much curiositie of Gold and Siluer workes representing very liuely the Sunne Moone Starres Cloudes In the midst of the Throne stood a siluer great Statue called Abicaunilancor that is God of the health of Kings taken also from Angicamoy about which stood foure and thirtie Idols as big as children about sixe yeeres old in two rankes set on their knees and hands lifted vp as in veneration At the entrie of the Tent were foure Boyes gorgeously arayed which went about it with Censers and at the sound of a Bell prostrated themselues on the ground and censing said Let our crie come vnto thee as a sweet sauour that thou mayest heare vs. That Tent was guarded by sixtie Halbarders standing a pretie distance from it round about Beyond that Hill wee entred another place where were foure rich roomes in which were many great persons Thence we followed Mitaquer and the Boyes vnto a great Hall like a Church where stood sixe Porters with Maces which with new ceremonie let vs in Here was the King of Tartars accompanied with his Grandes among which were the Kings of Pafua Mecuy Capimper Raia Benam and the Anchesacotay and other Kings to the number of fourteene all in rich attire placed at the foot of the Throne two or three paces distant and a little further off stood two and thirtie faire women playing on diuers Instruments The King sate on the Throne encompassed with twelue Boyes on their knees with small Scepters of gold on their shoulders amongst which was a faire Damsell which euer and anone fanned the King This was the sister of Mitaquer who
by her meanes enioyed that grace and respect in the Armie The King was about fortie yeeres old tall not fleshy well set his beard short with Mostachos like the Turks his eyes somewhat small his countenance seuere clothed in a shining reddish vesture set with Pearles on his feet certaine Slippers greene wrought with Gold and Pearles and on his head a kind of Sallet with a border of Diamonds and Rubies Before we came at him by ten or twelue paces we made our courtesie three times kissing the ground with other ceremonies which wee were taught The King commanded the Musike to cease and bid Mitaquer aske this Nation of the end of the world iâ— they haue a King and how their Land is called and how farre it is from China One of vs answered for the rest that our Land was called Portugall our King was great and mightie and from thence to Pequin was about three yeeres Voyage whereat he much maruelled as not thinking the World so great and sâ—riking on his thigh said aloud with eyes to Heauen O Creator of all things which of vs poore Pismires on the Earth may be able to comprehend the maruels of thy greatnesse And signing with his hand he made vs come neerer to the steps of the Throne where the fourteene Kings were placed and demanded vs againe how faire and when we said three yeeres he asked why we came rather by Sea then by Land wee answered that the diuersitie of States and Kings in the way hindred He asked What doe you seeke with so farre trauels and great troubles wee gaue as good reason as we could whereat he shaking his head said to the King of Benan an old man thâ—t it seemed that our Countrey had much Couetousnesse and little Iustice so said the other it appeares for those men which flie on the top of all waters by wit and industrie to get that which God hath not giuen them either pouerty forceth to forsake their Countrey or vanitie and blindnesse caused by couetousnesse makes them forget God and their Fathers After this the women began againe to play and the King retired himselfe into a house alone with his women which played and the Damsell that fanned One of the twelue Scepter-boyes told Mitaquer from his Sister that the King commanded hee should not goe away which he tooke for a great grace and wee returned to our Tents Fortie and three dâ—yes after we came to the Campe Royall in which space were many fights betwixt the besiegers and besieged two assaults by scaling with the Tartars losse the Tartarian called a Councell where were assembled seuen and twentie Kings and many great men and Captaines which agreed that seeing Winter was now comming and the waters of both Riuers had risen and filled the Trenches and many were sicke foure or fiue thousand dying daily that it was best to rayse the siege The King therefore embarked the Foot-men with the munitions fired the Tents and went away with 300000. Horse by land and 20000. Badas 450000. men being found by accounts to haue dyed in this expedition most of sicknesse 300000. Horses and 60000. Badas for want of prouisions the two last moneths and a halfe of this Siege which endured sixe moneths and a halfe Besides 300000. had runne to the Chinois wonne by their great pay Hee lodged the first night of his departure at a Riuer called Quaytragum the next day he came to Guijampee which hee found wholly forsaken thence to Liampew and after seuenteene dayes eight leagues a day he came to Guauxitim and forced it committing therein cruell slaughters to prouide his Armie of necessaries by the spoyle thereof The next day hee came to Caixilo which he medled not with being great and strong hauing therein 50000. men of which 10000. were Mogores Cauchims and Champaas better Souldiers then the Chinois Thence hee passed to the walls of Singrachirou and the next day to Xipator and then sent away most of his Souldiers spending seuen dayes in the pay and execution of Iustice on Prisoners Thence discontent hee went to Lançame by water with onely one hundred and twentie Laulees in which were some ten or twelue thousand men where sixe dayes after hee arriued in the night without any pompe There he stayed sixe and twentie dayes till all his companie were come both of horse and foot after which hee went to a greater Citie called Tuymican where he was personally visited by confining Princes and Ambassadours from remoter Kings Xatamas of Persia Siammom Emperour of the Gueos which within the Countrey confine with Brama of Tangu the Calaminhan Lord of the brute force of Elephants the Sornau of Odiaa intituled King of Siam whose Segniorie comprehendeth seuen hundred leagues of coast from Tanauçarim to Champaa containing seuenteen Kingdomes the King of the Mogores whose Kingdome lyes within land betwixt Corazan neere Persia and the Kingdome of Dely and Chitor and an Emperour called Caran whose Segniorie confineth within the Mountaines of Goncalidan with a Nation which the Naturals call Moscoby of whom wee saw some in this Citie ruddie of bigge stature with shooes and furred cloathes hauing some latine words but seeming rather for ought wee obserued Idolaters then Christians and much giuen to vnnaturall lust To the Ambassadour of that Prince Caran better entertainment was giuen then to all the rest Hee brought with him one hundred and twentie men of his guard with Arrowes and gilded quiuers all cloathed in Shamois skinnes murrie and greene and twelue Porters on horsebacke with Maces of Siluer leading twelue Horses in their right hands with rich embroidered Furnitures After whom followed twelue men of high and Giant-like stature cloathed Sauage-like in Tygers skinnes leading great Grey-hounds in chaynes and collers of Siluer muzled Then came twelue Boyes faire and well proportioned of equall stature in gallant array next them Leixigau the Ambassador himselfe in a Chariot they call it a Pirange with three wheeles on a side garnished with Siluer and a Chayre of the same attended with fortie Foot-men in murrie and greene yeelding a goodly sight all things manifesting the greatnesse of his Lord. Wee were one day in his lodging with Mitaquer who was sent to visit him where amongst other strange things we saw fiue roomes hanged with Tapestrie of Frogges very rich like that vsed amongst vs as if they had come from one place the Canopies Siluer-tables Furniture and State all rich This Ambassadour came not only to welcome home the Tartar but to treate also of a Marriage for his Lord with one of the Tartars Sisters named Meica Vidau a woman of thirtie yeeres very charitable to the poore whom wee haue often seene in their Festiuall dayes Mitaquer at our request mentioned vs to the King who sayd he would send vs with his Ambassador shortly to Cauchenchina and caused vs to be brought againe to his presence with great ceremonie of State and Maiestie as before at
being aduertised of his comming came foorth and receiued him at the Palace gate whereas was vsed betwixt them great courtesie The Captayne came with great Maiestie with his guard of Souldiers and Mace-bearers before him with great musicke of Hoy-buckes Trumpets and Drums and two Whiffelers or Typ-staues that made roome putting the people aside also there came with him two executors of Iustice hauing each of them in their hands a Set made of canes which is an instrument wherewith they doth whip and punish offenders When this Captayne came vnto the Palace gate whereas the father Friars and their companions did receiue him he was brought on the shoulders of eight men very richly apparelled in a chayre wrought of Iuorie and Gold who stayed not till they came into the inner Chamber whereas he did alight from the chayre and went straight vnder a Cloath of estate that was there ordinarily for the same purpose and a Table before him there hee sate downe and straight-wayes arose vp and standing he did receiue the strange ghests who did courtesie vnto him according vnto their fashion which is to joyne their hands together and to stoope with them and their heads downe to the ground hee gratified them againe with bowing his head a little and that with great grauitie These speeches being finished there was brought foorth certaine pieces of blacke Silke of twelue vares long a piece And his Officers did put on the Friars shoulders each of them two which was for either shoulder one and was brought about their bodies and girt therewith the like was done in order vnto the Spanish Souldiers and vnto Omoncon and Sinsay and to their Interpreter But vnto Omoncon and Sinsay was giuen vnto either of them a branch or Nosegay made of Siluer which was set vpon their heads which is accustomable honour that is done vnto such as haue done some great enterprise or such like After that this ceremonie was done they played vpon the Instruments aforesayd which came with the Captayne In the meane time of their musicke there was brought foorth great store of Conserues March-panes and things made of Sugar and excellent good Wine and so being on foote standing hee caused them to eate and hee himselfe from the Chayre whereas he sate did giue them to drinke euery one in order without rising vp which is a ceremonie and token of great fauour and of loue This being done hee arose from the chayre vnder the Cloath of state and went and sate downe in that which was brought on mens backes and with declyning of his head a little hee departed out of the Hall and out of the house and went vnto his owne house whereas by the counsell of Omoncon and Sinsay within an houre after they should goe and visite him the which they did hee receiued them maruellously well and with great courtesie who maruelled at his great Maiestie and authoritie for that Omoncon and Sinsay when they did talke with him were vpon their knâ—es and so did all the rest Hee gaue them againe in his owne house a gallant banquet of diuers sorts of Conserues and Fruits and excellent Wine of the Palme-tree and did talke and reason with them in good sort and was more familiar than at his first visitation After that the Fathers with their companions had remained two dayes in the Port of Tansuso the thrid day they departed in the morning towards Chincheo At their going forth of the Town they were accompanied with a great number of Soldiers both Harquebusses Pikes and before them a great noyse of Trumpets Drums and Hoy-bucks till such time as they came vnto the Riuers side whereas was a Brygandine prouided and made readie in all points to carrie them vp the Riuer all the streets alongst whereas they went there followed them so much people that it was innumerable and all to see them All alongst the Riuers whereas they went was seated with Villages very gallant and fresh both on the one side and on the other At the end of the two leagues they came vnto a great Bay where was at an Anchor a fleete of more then one hundred and fiftie Ships men of warre whose Generall was this Captaine whom wee haue spoken of At such time as the fleete did discouer them they began to salute them as well with great pieces of Artillerie as with Harquebusses and other kinde of pastimes which commonly they doe vse at such times Our Spaniards did trauell vp the Riuer more than three leagues hauing continually both on the one side and on the other very many and faire Townes and full of people In the end of the three leagues they went aland halfe a league from the Towne of Tangoa whereas straight-wayes all such things as they carryed with them were taken vpon mens backes and carryed vnto the Towne before them whereas they were tarrying their comming for to giue them great entertaynment At their going ashoare they found prepared for the two Religious men little Chayres to carrie them vpon mens backes and for the Souldiers and the rest of their companions horse The Fathers did refuse to bee carryed and would haue gone a foot but Omoncon and the other Captayne would not consent thereunto The Fathers obeyed their reasons and entred into the Chayres and were carryed with eight men a piece and the other their companions with foure men a piece according vnto the order giuen by the Gouernour Those that carryed the Chayres 〈◊〉 it with so good a will that there was striuing who should first lay hands to them This Towne of Tangoa hath three thousand Souldiers and is called in their language Coan at the entring in it hath many Gardens and Orchards and a street where through they carryed the Spaniards vnto their lodging they affâ—rmed to bee halfe a league long and all the street whereas they went was full of boards and stalles whereon was layd all kinde of Merchandise very curious and things to bee eaten as fresh Fish and salt Fish of diuers sorts and great abundance of Fowle and Flesh of all sorts Fruits and greene Herbes in such quantitie that it was sufficient to serue such a Citie as Siuill is They were brought vnto the Kings house which was very great marueilously well wrought with stone and bricke and many Halls Parlours and Chambers but none aboue but all below So soone as they were a foote there was brought from the Captayne or Iustice of the Towne whom they doe call Ticoan a message bidding them welcome and therewith a present which was great store of Capons Hennes Teales Duckes Geese Flesh of foure or fiue sorts fresh Fish Wine and fruits of diuers sorts and of so great quantitie that it was sufficient for two hundreth men All the which they would haue giuen for a little coole ayre by reason that it was then very hot weather and againe the great number of people that came thither to see them did augment it the more In the Euening the
diuided by a great Riuer from China and tributarie to the King of China it is in length about an hundred leagues and sixtie broad the people vnlike the Chinois in language and bodily strength but following their lawes customes and gouernement They are better Archers then at any other weapons and not comparable to the Iaponians except in shipping wherein they and the Chinois exceed Yet at this time they were destitute of that defence and Augustine gaue them a great ouerthrow Before Quabacondono would goe he made his Brothers Sonne by the Dairi to be entituled Quabacondono as his Heire and Successour contenting himselfe with the title of Taicosama that is Great Lord. All the Iaponian Princes were commanded to be present at the translation to giue him obedience to whom the Dairi gaue the Fortresse of Meaco and the Palaces of Quabacondono making him Lord of Tensa But his Vncle held the sway of all in his owne hands and after hauing a Sonne of his own caused this his Nephew with some others to crosse himselfe that is to cut his breast acrosse his bowels falling out and some one of those which died with him cutting off his head Augustine with a Fleet of eight hundred sayles entred Corai and tooke two Fortresses the Coraians being driuen from the walls by the Iaponders Gunnes vnknowne to the other and fiue thousand of them slayne This wanne him great credite with Taicosama who promised him much yet performed little Hee defeated also an Armie of twenty thousand and after another of fourescore thousand and the King fleeing into China tooke the Meaco or Royall Citie of Corai Taicosama sent him a Horse and a Sword the honour that Nabunanga was wont after any great Victorie to doe to him The Coraians seeing their King with his troops in safety fled with their prouisions into Woods and Hills and would not thence bee brought by any promises The Iaponian possessed of the Fortresses wanted men to till the ground and therefore must needes want necessaries the wayes also were by the Coraians vpon all occasions assaulted There are two hundred thousand Iaponians at this present in Corai and Augustine is in the extreme borders adioyning to China separated notwithstanding by a Riuer three leagues broad abounding in ships and the shores fortified with multitudes of men so that the successe is doubtfull Froes in his Epistle 1595. writeth that there were then an hundred and ninety Iesuites in Iapon and China that Taicosama not succeeding in his Coraian expedition returned to Meaco and quarrelled the new Quabacondono out of his life who with fiue others at Taicos command executed themselues after the Iaponian manner Augustine meane while endeauoured an Embassage to bee sent from the King of China who thinking himselfe Lord of the World sent to Taicosama that it was an vnmeet thing that He whose industrie and valour had subdued threescore and sixe Kingdomes of Iapon to his Empire should permit the Dairi a priuate man and Subiect to the King of Iapon to hold his former place of dignitie And if hee would depriue him thereof hee promised to send him a Crowne and the title of King and by the same Legates to treate further about the Iaponians forsaking Corai Two Embassadours were sent from Pequin to Augustine to Corai who presently sent word to Taico the Embassadours abiding with him because of the solemne entertaynment which Taico intended for the renowme of his name to all posteritie The Nobles exhaust in the former expedition were yet now enforced to new braueries and expences Hee caused at Ozaca a Hall to bee erected with a thousand Tatami very elegant Mats the timber costly and gilding incredible Yet by store of raynes a great part thereof fell downe which hee intended soone to repaire hauing an hundred thousand men at worke there both night and day in great miserie standing with their feet in the water If any runne away they are killed Before this Hall hee erected a Theatre for Comedies exceeding stately and costly with artificiall paintings of Vrusci Hee repaired the Tower of Ozaca seuen stories high The gilded Plates or Tiles the Bridge called The Bridge of Paradise the new Citie of Fuscimo which he builded and other his immane expenses the Offerings to his Idoll of Fame I omit Hee caused his little Sonne to goe with great State to Sandai to the Dairi that is to bow his head thrice before him downe to the Mats who entertayned him with a solemne feast with great Iubilee in alteration of names and titles of honour to the Nobles Taico had settled peace thorow all Iapon from Warres from Robbers by land and from Rouers by sea which before continually infested all with Piracies one of which Noximandono is mentioned by the Iesuites in this time to haue had a great Fleet of ships and to haue forced a great part of the Coast to yeerely tribute vnto him to bee freed from his Robberies onely the Dairi had higher title and a Crowne and Scepter seemed wanting to his realitie of Regalitie and Soueraigntie already possessed And now whiles hee intended to exceed himselfe in his entertaynment of the Embassadours one of them hating this long detention or imprisonment in Corai fled which newes Augustine sent to both Courts From China the Legacy was renewed the Delinquents kindred punished Meane while the two and twentieth of Iuly 1596. at Meaco it rayned ashes wherewith the houses hills and trees were couered as with snow and a great myst accompanied it At the same time at Ozaca and Sacaia it rayned sands At Meaco after the showre of ashes came another of haires long and white like the hoary haires of an old womans head but softer and not so smelling when cast into the fire In the Northerne Kingdomes of Iechu Iechingo Scimano and Nota the land and houses were couered with them A Comet appeared in August on the thirtieth whereof followed an Earth-quake as a warning to a greater on the fourth of September which threw downe Taicos magnificent Hall with a thousand Tatamos in which hee had purposed to entertayne the China Legates and the Tower of seuen lofts and another Tower and almost all the buildings of the Fortresse and the Store-houses which were very large and stored with Corne and halfe the houses of Ozaca all in halfe an houre sixe hundred people being buried in the ruines It made a noise like Thunder and like the waues beating on the shoare The Earth opened in many places A great new Temple and a Monastery fell downe and the same day in which the Iesuite had heard a Bonzi in the same Temple inuiting to call vpon Amida and much depredicating his mercies The next day at Meaco was a noise greater then of the greatest Cannons that euer were heard dreadfull to man and beast and wee said the Letanies on our knees but scarsely could keepe on our knees for the Earth-quake Others forsooke their houses lamented
their dead fiue hundred being ouerwhelmed and fifteene or twenty Temples called on their Amida and some ranne to Fuscimo Taicos new Citie for him and his Nobles whereof the best part was ruined and much harme happened in many other places Taicos Palace at Fuscimo fell downe and oppressed seuenty women himselfe escaped into the Kitchin vntouched and the relations of that Earth-quake would yeeld a booke alone Taico yet would seeme to dominere ouer Nature and leuell a very huge Hill with the Valley to erect new Palaces And because hee could not entertayne at Fuscimo the China Embassadours he receiued them at Ozaca The solemne state and pompe I omit They had audience the twentieth of October The Kings Letter was written in a plate of Gold very great and ponderous inclosed in a golden Coffer wherein also was the Vest and royall Crowne for Taico and in another was a Crown for Mandocorasama his Wife with title of Queene Hee sent also twenty Vests of Quingui with title and dignity of China for twenty Lords the first of which was Augustine by him named and as many for those whom Taico should name In the Epistle of the King were these words Futatabi cioscen vocasu cotonacare that is Thou shalt not returne againe into Corai and if thou returnest thy dignitie shall no longer aduantage thee words importing their vassallage to the Chinois The Embassadour and Taico were equall in sitting on the Tatamis the chiefe Lords of Iapon were present and after the taste of their Chia Taico receiued the Epistle or golden plate and layd it on his head and the Vests going in to put them on At his returne the Chinois adored him and a feast followed with pompous plenty which was continued other dayes But when the Legates moued him to pull downe his Forts in Corai and to pardon the Coraians hee brake into exceeding furie and commanded them backe to Corai and extruded them in great haste out of the Countrey with inhumane vsage About this time Peter Martines first Bishop of Iapon came thither Taico died Sept. 16. 1598. hauing taken politike order for the State and as foolish for himselfe to be made a God prescribing the forme of his Temple One was crucified for speaking of his death Word was sent by the Gouernours which Taico had appointed as protectors for his Sonne to the Iaponian Lords in Corai to returne and so after seuen yeeres that warre had end What euents followed after in Iapon you may see in my Pilgrimage and somewhat also before in Captayne Saris and Master Cocks relations Taicosamas posteritie rooted out and Ogasha Sama seizing the Soueraigntie to himselfe So much harder is it to be a Man then a God and easier to bequeaâ—h a Temple and tytle of Camus and diuine worship as to a new Faciman or Mars all which his Exâ—cutors performed and caused to be effected his body not burned after the wont but as he had prescribed put in a Câ—est and translated to that sumptuous Temple where he is worshâ—pped as the principall of all the Cami with an Image erected to him seene by Cap. Saris then to bequeath long life to himselfe accomplishment to his Coraian designes or sure succession to his posteritie in all which hee fayled But we will with our persecuted Iesuites leaue Iapon and ship our selues for China §. III. RVGGERIVS enters againe into China with RICIVS and is forced backe to Amacao thence sent for againe by the Vice-roy Sande and Almeida are sent to them and enter the Countrey as farre as Cequion and returne to Sciauchin IT is a custome in China that of all Charters granted by the Magistrates a copie is kept in the Registrie and the execution or what hath therein beene done subscribed at the end The succeeding Vice-roy finding the copie of that Charter granted to the Iesuites at their departure without such subscription because nothing had beene done therein wrote to Canton to the Aitao he which then was absent to the Ansam or Hiam-xan the Gouernour of the Citie and he being ignorant thereof to the Port-gouernours at Amacao They went to the Bishop and by him were sent to our Colledge where they were shewed the sealed Charter but there being then Melchior Carnerus Patriarch of Ethiopia which expedition was dissolued Capralis Gomez Pasius and other principall Iesuites it was thought fit that it should not be deliuered to the Souldiers but carried by two Iesuites to the Aitao and Ruggerius with Ricius were therein employed the China Captaines also consenting that they should goe to Ansan thence by the Ci-hien or Gouernour to be sent to Canton This Ci-hien when they came thither would haue sent it and not them which they refused whereupon he grew angry cast it on the ground and commanded them to returne backe saying that a deposed Vice-royes grant could no way benefit them They went to their Inne and there consulted to goe without his leaue deceiuing a Ship-master with sight of the said Charter who tooke them into his ship but terrified by others cast them out againe with their goods At this time came a message to the Ci-hien of his Fathers death whereupon according to the China Custome he lost his office and returned home during his three yeereâ— mourning They by this occasion and a weightier cause money giuen to the Successour and the Notaries subtiltie in a seeming seruice to the Common-wealth were sent in manner as prisoners to Canton as strangers found there The Aitao notwithstanding gaue them kinde entertaynment They petitioned shewing that they were Religious men which had passed so many Seas allured by the fame of China there to spend their dayes and desired nothing but a small piece of ground to raise thereon a little house to the Lord of Heauen and they would be further burthensome to none but procure liuelihood of their owne mens beneuolence They mentioned nothing of Christian Religion lest it might cause suspicion and bee a let to them the Chinois thinking too well of themselues that strangers should teach them any thing which they haue not already more complete in their owne Bookes Rebellions haue also begunne vnder colour of new Sects The Aitao or high Admirall commended their desires but said it belonged to higher Magistrates and could onely bee granted by the Ciai-yuen the Visitour of the Prouince or the Vice-roy They desired that hee would at least let them stay there in the Palace of the King of Siams Legates till the Portugals Mart came and in meane time they would trye what they could doe with the Visitour or Vice-roy This hee granted but the same day repeated professing that he feared the Visitor if out of Mart-time he should finde stâ—angers there whose censure is dreadfull to euery Magistrate He therefore commanded them presently to packe for Amacao They were comne backe to Ansan and found things in worse case then before For at the gates of the Citie they found an
and in some Commotion The Magistrates petitioned the King against these abuses but sweetnesse of gaine had not only stopped that eare but procured grieuous penalties to those which withstood his Catch-poll-Eunuches which by those punishments grew more insolent Ours which wintered at Lincin happily escaped these Harpy-clutches who with their Presents arriuing at Nanquin rejoyced to see a Residence so prepared there These Presents intended for the King bred such an amazement in the beholders that others were ready to offer force to see them They still minding to present the King the weather now more cleare and peaceable Cataneus went to Amacao where was much rejoycing for these hopes but soone quenched with sorrow for losse of their ship which tradeth to Iapon men and goods lost on which ship all their Commerce dependeth They found themselues therefore vnable to maintayne three Residences the Iesuites Rector scraped all hee could for that purpose and added a Watch and Image of the blessed Virgin and Trigone Glasses Houre-gâ—afles and other Rarities to their Presents Father Diego Pantoia a Spanish Priest also accompanyed Cataneus to Nanquin and thence went with Ricius to Pequin with Sebastian and Emanuell Father Iohn was called from Nancian to reside with Cataneus at Nanquin They went with an Eunuch then going to Pequin with six ships who shewed them much kindnesse In Zinin a City of the Prouince of Sciantum is a Vice-roy which is as High Admirall ouer all the ships whether they carry prouision or other things which gaue kind entertaynment to Ricius telling him at parting Sithai that was Ricius his China name I also desire to goe to Paradise intimating that all his Heauen was not in earthly honours but that he minded also what the other pâ—eached Presently with great pompe and state hee followed him to his ship and there visited him with vsuall Rites of Vrbanity and a Present and wondred much at the sight of those Presents they carryed for the King He sent an Officer also to make him a readier way One Liciu had made way to this Vice-royes friendship who soone after killed himselfe hearing that vpon some complaint of his Books the King had commanded him to bee imprisoned and his Books to bee burned preuenting so the study of his Aduersaries to put him to some shamefull death Amongst those Eunuches which the King had sent to oppresse the people was one Mathan which dwelt at Linciâ— whose exactions had raysed the people and Souldiers into mutiny which burnt his Palace and killed his Seruants himselfe escaping disguised but the Captiue and Slaue of Couetousnesse no lesse then before Our Eunuch addressed himselfe to him but could not till the third time be admitted because his Gifts were not answerable to the others appetite Hee to make way for himselfe betrayed Ours to this Harpy they not knowing it saying that in one of his ships were strangers with precious Gifts for the King which he shewed closely to his Officers with these he might get the Kings fauour The Gouernour which in that and the Neighbour Cities had great command was his great friend of whom Ricius asked counsell he told him that now the Eunuches reigned and they almost only were the Kings Counsellors nor could the greatest Magistrates withstand their iniuries Yet the countenance of this Magistrate was a great helpe to him this being the man whom of all the Gouernours he most feared a man so well deseruing that his Citizens erected to him a Temple Image and Inscription who now also both countenanced Ricius what he might and gaue him the best aduice how to carry himselfe to this Eunuch and perhaps but for him they had lost all and themselues to This Capon had erected Palaces and Temples and had built a huge ship in which the King himselfe might haue sayled so many were the Cels Chambers Hals and other commodious Buildings thereof the Windowes Galleries of vndecaying wood carryed with many Meanders all shining with Vernish and glittering with Gold In this ship was hee carryed to ours where Ricius met him He viewed and liked all and downe on his knees to the Virgins Picture promised to procure her a place in the Palace Ricius modestly refusing his seruice for them to the King saying many Magistrates of best ranke had vndertaken that kindnesse he smiled saying none of them could doe so much as he with the King the King answeres my Petitions the same day to them or late or nothing The Eunuch which brought ours was sent away and all the Presents put a-board his ship Hee carryed the Iesuites with him to the Towre of Thiensin whither hee went to send thence the six moneths Tribute to the King he feasted them Comedies Rope-runners Tumblers Vaulters and Mimicke Ape-men attending the cheare with such disports as they had neuer seene in Europe One cast three great Kniues into the Ayre one after another and catched them againe in their sheathes another lay on the ground raysing his feete ouer his shoulders with which hee tossed vp and tumbled too and fro an Earthen Pitcher in such sort as hardly could bee done with the hands the like hee did with a Drumme on a Table A Comedie was acted only with gestures of disguised Gyants in glorious habits one from the Theatre pronouncing all their parts A Boy danced admirably and then as it were falling layd his hands on the ground and another Boy of Clay came forth which vsing his hands for feete imitated all the prankes of the other and fell to wrestle with the liuing Boy as if both had beene aliue We will leaue you Spectators here and now bring you forth another Actor which hauing in little while trauelled much and learned more of his Fellowes suddenly sent into Europe these Relations not vnworthy your view which I haue therefore examined with the Originall Spanish and the Latine Translation and cut off some superfluities to giue you more full content and to preuent Repetitions the rather because bee descendeth to many particularities which Ricius looking higher and knowing more hath omitted CHAP. VI. A Letter of Father DIEGO DE PANTOIA one of the Company of IESVS to Father LVYS DE GVZMAN Prouinciall in the Prouince of Toledo written in Paquin which is the Court of the King of China the ninth of March the yeere 1602. §. IIII. Difficulties of entring China their dwelling at Nanquin going from thence to Paquin with Presents for the King troubles in the way by an Eunuch RIght Reuerend Father in Christ the peace of Christ bee with you I thinke I doe not satisfie the dutie which I owe vnto your Worship for the loue which you haue alway shewed vnto mee and the Obligation wherein I am bound to so many most dearely beloued Fathers and Brethren of this Prouince if being as I am in this great Kingdome of China procuring the good of these Pagans whereunto it pleased our Lord to choose
and in such plentie that besides all the Kingdome of China doth furnish it selfe thereof they send forth as many ships ladings as they will For their Apparell though they haue great abundance and cheapnesse yet in goodnesse they may not compare with our Countrey There is much Silke and that very good but they know not how to dresse it They make good Damaskes razed Veluets Taffataes and other sorts but the colours though at the first sight they seeme reasonable are quickly lost and fade away The ordinary apparell of the common people is of blacke cloth made of Cotton or of certayne shags of Silke which are very great farre greater then a flocke which only serue for this purpose and are very warme Persons of Honour weare commonly an outward Garment of Silke which they vse in Visitations and other like Actions And there are many which alwayes goe abroad apparelled in Silke but not in such great number as that Booke setteth downe whereof I made mention before All men euen to the very Souldiers weare their apparell long downe to the in-step of the foot with very broad sleeues open before and fastened to the sides beneath the arme They be so well contented and pleased with their manner of apparell that they think there is none in the World comparable to theirs And in very truth they bee graue and modest and especially those of the Mandarins which differeth from all others sauing the Bonzi which shaue their Beards and Heads All the men and women let their Hayre grow long and the men trusse it vp and wind it on a knot on the top of their crowne They weare certayne Nets on their heads like Coyffes made very cunningly of Horse-hayre and in the Summer time many weare Caps and Hats of the same There are many sorts of Caps or Hats for I know not what their seuerall names are according to the state of euery one The basest sort which the common people vse ordinarily is round Their shooes are of the same stuffe that their Garments are of very commonly of Silke made with many faire borders and knots It is a discourtesie for a man to be seene especially before any man of Worship without a Cap on his head They greatly esteeme for the most part things of our Countrey and they are very deare And some pieces of Silke which the Portugall Merchants brings especially Veluets of three Piles are far more dearer then their owne All woollen cloth is much esteemed and very deare likewise Chamblets and fine Linnen-cloth which they bring from India are very deare Looking-glasses and all things made of Glasse and many other things which in our Countrey are very good cheape are here deare and in great estimation The Chineses haue commonly little Beards small Eyes and Noses and all of them haue black Eyes so that they much maruelled at the colour of mine which are of Gray or Iron colour which they neuer saw and they find many secrets in them and very commonly they say that these eyes of mine know where stones and precious things are with a thousand other Mysteries so that they thinke they haue Letters in them To paint an euil-fauoured man they paint him in short apparell with a great Beard Eyes and Nose They are commonly all white yet not so white as those of Europe and therefore to them we seeme very white The Learned men are very graue of very good capacitie and appeare outwardly very modest and graue There are Arificers of all Arts that are in our Countrey and very many with the selfe-same manner forme of Instruments Euery man is free to follow what Trade he will without being bound to follow his Fathers Trades as diuers times I haue heard it spoken when I was in Europe and those which will may study forsake or change that course of life They worke very good cheape but in cunning and excellencie ours most commonly excell them much though in some things they be very skilfull The seruice of young men and maydes is easie and good cheape because there is great store of people so that a yeares wages is not aboue two Duckets and meate and drinke without apparell As there are many poore people that haue many Sonnes and Daughters it is a very ordinary thing to sell them and this the cheapest thing in China For a youth of twelue or fifteene yeares without any naturall blemish will cost not past twelue or fifteene Rials of Plate and in time of Dearth much lesse and it is a common thing to buy them for seruice though they vse them well and marry them at their time Although the abundance and riches of this Kingdome be very great as the people also is yet there is no body that is very rich neyther in any state of people may they compare in this point with our Countrey You shall not find in China which is able to spend twenty thousand Duckets of Rent how neere of Kinne soeuer he be to the King and very few and those easie to bee numbred that can spend ten thousand Duckets and the ordinary is no more which they possesse then that which their Lands and Offices yeeld them which is not great But though it bee true that those of our Countrey possesse much more Siluer considering the cheapnesse of things in their Countrey all commeth to one account There are very few of the poore people idle because all of them commonly take paines and earne their liuing Though the multitude of the Nation be so many and the Kingdome so great yet the surnames of all the Kingdome are not aboue three hundred and all of one syllable There are some though very few which may be called Knights which for seruice to the Kings in some necessities haue giuen them Offices in succession but the common vse is not to haue any Nobilitie by Descent in China neyther can any man say I am of a better House then you But the honour and Nobilitie dependeth wholly vpon Learning and to obtayne degrees and Offices of Mandarins And therefore an House which now is in Office and his Father bee one if he haue a Sonne a Doctor which is made a Mandarin he is honourable and the honour continueth as long as the Learned men and Mandarins doe liue There is no man neyther Kinsman nor not Kinsman of the King which hath euer a Village of his owne that payeth him Tribute but all men pay it to the King and hee giueth stipends and wages to the Mandarins so that they receiue nothing of particular men by right though they extort much continually by oppression Commonly the Chinois doe marry from fifteene to eighteene and twentie yeares and all of them doe marrie one Wife that is chiefe and this is their lawfull Marriage On the day of their Marriage when the Bride doth passe to the House of her Husband shee carrieth openly before her through the streets all
Daughters Those assisting Captaynes he honoured with a plate of Iron like a Charger in which are engrauen those their exploits for deliuerance of the Kingdome which being shewne to the King is priuiledged with pardon of any penaltie though mortall three times except for Treason which forfeiteth presently all Priuiledges Euery time it obtaynes any pardon it is engrauen in the Plate The Sonnes in Law and Fathers in Law of the King and some which haue extraordinarily merited of the State enjoy like Honours and Reuenues with the same diminution of time as before He also ordained that all Magistracie and Gouernment should belong to those Licentiates and Doctors whereto neyther the fauour of the King or other Magistrates are necessary but their owne merits except where corruption frustrates Law All Magistrates are called Quonfu and for honours sake they are stiled Lau ye or Lau sie that is Lord or Father The Portugals call them Mandarins These haue some representation of Aristocratie in that Gouernment for though they doe nothing but first petitioning the King hee also determines nothing without their sollicitation And if a priuate man petitions which is seldome because Officers are appointed to examine Petitions before the King sees them the King if hee will grant it sends it to the Tribunall proper for that businesse to aduise him what is fit to bee done I haue found for certaine that the King cannot giue Money or Magistracie to any except hee bee solicited by some Magistrate I meane this of publike Reuenues which doubtlesse doe exceed one hundred and fiftie Millions yearely are not brought into the Palace Treasurie nor may the King spend them at his pleasure but all whether Money or Rice and other things in kinde are layed vp in the publike Treasuries and Store-houses in all the Kingdome Thence the expenses of the King his Wiues Children Eunuches Family and of all his Kindred are in Royall sort disbursed but according to the ancient Lawes neither more nor lesse Thence the Stipends of Magistrates and Souldiers and all Officers thorow the Kingdome are paid the publike Buildings the Kings Palace Cities Walls Towres Fortresses and all prouision of War are thence sustayned which cause new Tributes sometimes to be imposed this huge Reuenue notwithstanding Of Magistrates are two sorts one of the Court which rule there and thence rule the Kingdome and other Prouinciall which gouerne particular Cities or Prouinces Of both sorts are fiue or six Bookes to be sold euery where printed twice each moneth at Pequin as by their course of printing you haue seene is easie contayning nothing else but the name Countrey and degree of the Magistrates and therefore printed so often because of the exaltings shiftings setting lower death of Parents which suspends three yeares to mourning in priuate their owne deaths or depriuations Of the Court Tribunals are reckoned sixe the first Li pu Pu is asmuch as Tribunall or Court and Li as Magistrates to which it belongeth to name the chiefe Magistrates of the Kingdome bringing vp from the lower to the higher according to the Lawes prescribed or if they deserue it abasing or quite depriuing them For those Licentiates and Doctors continually ascend except their owne faults deject them wherein a depriuation makes for euer vncapable The second is called Ho-pu that is the Exchequer Court or that of the Treasury which exacts and disburseth the Kings Reuenues The third is the Li-pu or Court of Rites which ordereth the publike Sacrifices Temples Priests Kings Marriages Schooles Examinations Festiuall Dayes common Gratulations to the King Titles giuen to the wel-deseruing Physicians Colledges of Mathematicians entertayning and sending Embassages with their Rites Presents Letters the King holding it abasing to his Majesty to write to any The fourth is the Pimpu or Military Court which rewards the meriting and takes from the sluggish Souldier ordereth their Musters and giues Military degrees The fifth is Cumpu which hath care of the publike Buildings Palaces for the King or his Kindred and the Magistrates Shippes for publike burthens or Armadas Bridges Walls of Cities and all like prouisions The sixth Court is Himpu which inquireth into Criminall Causes and sentenceth them also all the publike Prisons are subject hereto All the affaires of the Kingdom depend on these Courts which therefore haue Magistrates and Notaries in euery City and Prouince to admonish them faithully of all things the multitude and order facilitating this so weighty a Designe For first in euery Court is a Lord Chiefe Iustice or President called Ciam Ciu who hath two Assistants one sitting at his right hand the other at his left called Cilam their dignity in the Royall Cities is accounted principall After these euery Tribunall hath diuers Offices each of which hath diuers Colleagues besides Notaries Courtiers Apparitors and other Seruants Besides these Tribunals there is another the greatest in the Court and Kingdome they call them Colaos which are three or foure sometimes sixe which haue no peculiar businesses but take care of the whole Re-publike and are the Kings Priuy-Counsell in all Affaires These are daily admitted into the Kings Palace and there abide whole dayes and answere as they see cause to the Petitions which are put vp to the King who was wont to define matters with these Colai in publike and shewing their answere to the King hee alters or approoueth the same and sets his hand thereto for the execution Besides these Orders of Magistrates and others not mentioned as like to our owne there are two sorts not vsuall with vs the one Choli the other called Zauli In each of these Orders are aboue sixty choice Philosophers men approued for their wisdome and courage before experienced These two Rankes are vsed by the King in Court or Prouince businesses of greater weight with great and Royall power which causeth to them great respect and veneration These by Libell admonish the King if any thing be done contrary to the Lawes in any parts of the Kingdome not sparing any of the Magistrates nor the Kings House nor the King himselfe to the wonder of other Nations And although the King sometimes bee touched to the quicke and toucheth them to the quicke againe yet cease they not still to rip the sore till it be cured Other Magistrates may doe it yea any priuate man but these mens Libels or Petitions are of most worth as proceeding from their peculiar Office The Copies of them and of the Kings answers are printed by many so that the Court and State Affaires flye thorow the Kingdome and are by some written in Bookes and those of most moment transcribed into the Annals of the Kingdome Of late when the King would for loue of a second Sonne haue excluded the eldest so many by Libels reprehended the King that he in anger depriued or abased one hundred of the Magistrates They yet ceased not but one day went together into
the punishment that is inflicted vpon them If a man kill his owne seruant little or nothing is said vnto him for the same reason because hee is accounted to be his Kolophey or Bond-slaue and so to haue right ouer his very head The most is some small mulct to the Emperour if the partie bee rich and so the quarrell is made rather against the purse then against the iniustice They haue no written Law saue onely a small Booke that contayneth the time and manner of their sitting order in proceeding and such other Iudiciall formes and circumstances but nothing to direct them to giue Sentence vpon right or wrong Their onely Law is their Speaking Law that is the pleasure of the Prince and of his Magistrates and Officers THe Souldiers of Russia are called Sinaboiarskey or the Sonnes of Gentlemen because they are all of that degree by vertue of their military profession For euery Souldier in Russia is a Gentleman and none are Gentlemen but onely the Souldiers that take it by discent from their Ancestors so that the sonne of a Gentleman which is borne a Souldier is euer a Gentleman and a Souldier withall and professeth nothing else but military matters When they are of yeeres able to beare Armes they come to the Office of Roserade or Great Constable and there present themselues who entreth their names and allotteth them certaine Lands to maintaine their charges for the most part of the same that their fathers enioyed For the Lands assigned to maintayne the Armie are euer certaine annexed to this Office without improuing or detracting one foot But that if the Emperour haue sufficient in wages the roomes being full so farre as the Land doeth extend already they are many times deferred and haue nothing allowed them except some one portion of the Land be diuided into two Which is a cause of great disorder within that Countrey When a Souldier that hath many children shall haue sometimes but one entertayned in the Emperours pay So that the rest hauing nothing are forced to liue by vniust and wicked shifts that tend to the hurt and oppression of the Mousicke or common sort of people This inconuenience groweth by maintayning his forces in a continuall succession The whole number of his Souldiers in continuall pay is this First he hath of his Dworaney that is Pensioners or Guard of his person to the number of 15000. Horsemen with their Captaines and other Officers that are alwaies in a readinesse Of these fifteene thousand Horsemen there are three sorts or degrees which differ as well in estimation as in wages one degree from another The first sort of them is called Dworaney Bulshey or the companie of head Pensioners that haue some 100. some 80. Rubbels a yeere and none vnder 70. The second sort are called Seredney Dworaney or the middle ranke of Pensioners these haue 60. or 50. Rubbels by the yeere none vnder 40. The third and lowest sort are the Dyta Boiarskey that is the lowe Pensioners their salarie is 30. Rubbels a yeere for him that hath most some haue but 25. some 20. none vnder 12. Whereof the halfe part is payd them at the Mosko the other halfe in the field by the General when they haue any warres and are employed in seruice When they receiue their whole pay it amounteth to 55000. Rubb by the yeere And this is their wages besides lands allotted to euery one of them both to the greater and the lesse according to their degrees Whereof he that hath least hath to yeeld him 20. Rubbels or Markes by the yeere Besides these 15000. Horsemen that are of better choise as being the Emperours owne Guard when himselfe goeth to the warres not vnlike the Roman Souldiers called Pretoriani are 110. men of speciall account for their Nobilitie and trust which are chosen by the Emperour and haue their names registred that find among them for the Emperours warres to the number of 65000. Horsemen with all necessaries meet for the warres of the Russe manner To this end they haue yeerely allowance made by the Emperour for themselues and their Companies to the summe of 40000. Rubbels And these 65000. are to repaire to the field euery yeere on the borders towards the Chrim Tartar except they bee appointed for some other seruice whether there bee warres with the Tartars or not This might seeme peraduenture somewhat dangerous for some State to haue so great forces vnder the command of Noblemen to assemble euery yeere to one certaine place But the matter is so vsed as that no danger can grow to the Emperour or his State by this meanes First Because these Noblemen are many to wit 110. in all and changed by the Emperour so oft as hee thinketh good Secondly Because they haue their liuings of the Emperour being otherwise but of very small Reuenue and receiue this yeerely pay of 40000. Rubbels when it is presently to be paid forth againe to the Souldiers that are vnder them Thirdly Because for the most part they are about the Emperors person being of his Counsell either speciall or at large Fourthly They are rather as Pay-masters then Captaines to their Companies themselues not going forth ordinarily to the warres saue when some of them are appointed by speciall order from the Emperour himselfe So the whole number of Horsemen that are euer in a readinesse and in continuall pay are 80000. a few more or lesse If he haue need of a greater number which seldome falleth out then hee entertayneth of those Sinaboiarskey that are out of pay so many as he needeth and if yet he want of his number hee giueth charge to his Noblemen that hold Lands of him to bring into the field euery man a proportionable number of his seruants called Kolophey such as till his Lands with their furniture according to the iust number that hee intendeth to make Which the seruice being done presently lay in their weapons and returne to their seruile occupations againe Of Footmen that are in continuall pay he hath to the number of 12000. all Gunners called Strelsey Whereof 5000. are to attend about the Citie of Mosko or any other place where the Emperour shall abide and 2000. which are called Stremaney Stresley or Gunners at the Stirrop about his owne person at the very Court or house where himselfe lodgeth The rest are placed in his garrison Townes till there be occasion to haue them in the field and receiue for their salarie or stipend euery man seuen Rubbels a yeere besides twelue measures a piece of Rye and Oats Of mercenary Souldiers that are strangers whom they call Nimscoy they haue at this time 4300. of Polonians of Chirchasses that are vnder the Polonians about 4000. whereof 3500. are abroad in his Garrisons of Dutches and Scots about 150 of Greekes Turkes Danes and Sweadens all in one band 100. or thereabouts But these they vse only vpon the Tartar side and against the Siberians as they doe
He is of thirtie foure yeeres old or thereabouts and hath reigned almost the space of six yeeres THe chiefe Officers of the Emperours houshold are these which follow The first is the Office of the Boiaren Conesheua or Master of the Horse Which contayneth no more then is expressed by the name that is to be Ouer-seer of the Horse and not Magister Equitum or Master of the Horsemen For he appointeth other for that Seruice as occasion doth require as before was said He that beareth that Office at this time is Borris Federowich Godonoe Brother to the Empresse Of Horse for Seruice in his Warres besides other for his ordinary vses he hath to the number of 10000. which are kept about Mosko The next is the Lord Steward of his houshold at this time one Gregorie Vasilowich Godonoe The third is his Treasurer that keepeth all his Moneyes Iewels Plate c. now called Stepan Vasilowich Godonoe The fourth his Comptroller now Andreas Petrowich Clesinine The fift his Chamberlaine He that attendeth that Office at this time is called Estoma Bisabroza Pastelnischay The sixt his Tasters now Theodore Alexandrowich and Iuan Vasilowich Godonoe The seuenth his Harbengers which are three Noblemen no diuers other Gentlemen that do the Office vnder them These are his ordinary Officers and Offices of the chiefest account Of Gentlemen beside that wait about his Chamber and Person called Shilsey Strapsey there are two hundred all Noblemens Sonnes His ordinary Guard is two thousand Hagbutters ready with their Peeces charged and their Match lighted with other necessary Furniture continually day and night which come not within the house but waite without in the Court or Yard where the Emperour is abiding In night time there lodgeth next to his Bed-chamber the chiefe Chamberlaine with one or two more of best trust about him A second chamber off there lodge six other of like account for their trust and faithfulnesse In the third chamber lye certayne young Gentlemen of these two hundred called Shilsey Strapsey that take their turne by forties euery night There are Groomes besides that watch in their course and lye at euery gate and doore of the Court called Estopnick The Hag-butters or Gunners whereof there are two thousand as was said before watch about the Emperours Lodging or Bed-chamber by course two hundred and fiftie euery night and two hundred and fiftie more in the Court-yard and about the Treasure-house His Court or house at the Mosko is made Castle-wise walled about with great store of faire Ordnance planted vpon the wall and contayneth a great breadth of ground within it with many dwelling houses Which are appointed for such as are knowne to be sure and trustie to the Emperour THe priuate behauiour and qualitie of the Russe people may partly be vnderstood by that which hath beene sayd concerning the publike State and vsage of the Countrey As touching the naturall habit of their bodies they are for the most part of a large size and of very fleshly bodies accounting it a grace to be somewhat grosse and burley and therefore they nourish and spread their Beards to haue them long and broad But for the most part they are very vnweldy and vnactiue withall Which may bee thought to come partly of the Climate and the numbnesse which they get by the cold in Winter and partly of their Dyet that standeth most of Roots Onions Garlike Cabbage and such like things that breed grosse humours which they vse to eate alone and with their other meates Their Dyet is rather much then curious At their Meales they beginne commonly with a Chark or small cup of Aqua-vitae which they call Russe Wine and then drinke not till towards the end of their Meales taking it in largely and all together with kissing one another at euery pledge And therefore after Dinner there is no talking with them but euery man goeth to his bench to take his after-noones sleepe which is as ordinary with them as their nights rest When they exceed and haue varietie of Dishes the first are their baked meates for roast meats they vse little and then their Broaths or Pottage To drinke drunke is an ordinary matter with them euery day in the Weeke Their common Drinke is Mead the poorer sort vse water and a thin Drinke called Quasse which is nothing else as wee say but water turned out of his wits with a little Bran meashed with it This Dyet would breed in them many Diseases but that they vse Bath-stoues or Hot-houses in stead of all Physicke commonly twice or thrice euery Weeke All the Winter time and almost the whole Summer they heate their Peaches which are made like the Germane Bath-stoues and their Potlads like Ouens that so warme the House that a stranger at the first shall hardly like of it These two extremities specially in the Winter of heate within their Houses and of extreame cold without together with their Dyet maketh them of a darke and sallow complexion their skinnes being tanned and parched both with cold and with heat specially the women that for the greater part are of farre worse complexions then the men Whereof the cause I take to be their keeping within the Hot-houses and busying themselues about the heating and vsing of their Bath-stoues and Peaches The Russe because that he is vsed to both these extremities of heate and of cold can beare them both a great deale more patiently then strangers can doe You shall see them sometimes to season their bodies come out of their Bath-stoues all on a froth and fuming as hote almost as a Pigge at a Spit and presently to leape into the Riuer starke naked or to powre cold water all ouer their bodies and that in the coldest of all the Winter time The women to mend the bad hue of their skinnes vse to paint their faces with white and redde colours so visibly that euery man may perceiue it Which is made no matter because it is common and liked well by their Husbands who make their Wiues and Daughters an ordinary allowance to buy them colours to paint their faces withall and delight themselues much to see them of foule women to become such faire Images This parcheth the skinne and helpeth to deforme them when their painting is of They apparell themselues after the Greeke manner The Noblemans attyre is on this fashion First a Taffia or little night cap on his head that couereth little more then his crowne commonly very rich wrought of Silke and Gold Thread and set with Pearle and Precious Stone His head he keepeth shauen close to the very skin except he be in some displeasure with the Emperour Then he suffereth his haire to grow and hang downe vpon his shoulders couering his face as vgly and deformedly as he can Ouer the Taffia he weareth a wide Cap of blacke Foxe which they account for the best Furre with a Tiara or long Bonnet put within
the Master in vnlading of his Ship brought her so light that vnfortunatly hee ouer-set her hauing goods in her worth seuen hundred pounds This ill chance happening vnto the two London Ships the Captayne of them agreed with Thomas Marmaduke Master of the Hull Ship to take in the goods which was saued at the rate of fiue pounds the Tunâ—e which was a great rate notwithstanding they had beene a meanes to get him goods worth fiue hundred pounds for the Hull Ship and vpon the one and twentieth of August 1611. they departed from Greenland in the Hope-well being ninetie nine men in all and arriued at Hull the sixth of September where the sayd Edge tooke out the Companies goods and Shipped them for London by order from the Companie This yeere Edge in coasting in the Shallops discouered all the Harbours on the West side of Greenland §. II. Dutch Spanish Danish disturbance also by Hull men and by a new Patent with the succeeding Successe and further Discoueries till this present IN the yeere 1612. the Companie set forth two Ships viz. The Whale burthen one hundred and sixtie Tunnes and the Sea-horse burthen one hundred and eightie tunnes vnder the Command of Iohn Russell and Thomas Edge for discouering and killing of the Whale They discouered that yeere nothing worth writing of by reason of some falling out betwixt Russell and Edge yet they killed that yeere seuenteene Whales and some Sea-horses of which they made one hundred and eightie Tunnes of Oyle with much difficultie as not being experimented in the businesse This yeere the Hollanders to keepe their wont in following of the English steps came to Greenland with one Ship being brought thither by an English man and not out of any knowledge of their owne Discoueries but by the direction of one Allen Sallowes a man imployed by the Muscouia Companie in the Northerne Seas for the space of twentie yeeres before who leauing his Countrey for Debt was entertayned by the Hollanders and imployed by them to bring them to Greenland for their Pylot At which time being met withall by the Companies Ships they were commanded to depart and forbidden to haunt or frequent those parts any more by mee Thomas Edge There was also a Spanish Ship brought thither by one Nicholas Woodcocke this yeere a man formerly imployed by the sayd Companie which Spanish Ship made a full Voyage in Green-harbour But Woodcocke at his returne into England being complained of by the Companie was Imprisoned in the Gatehouse and Tower sixteene Moneths for carrying the Spanish Ship thither In the yeere 1613. the Companie set out for Greenland seuen sayle of Ships vnder the Command of Beniamin Ioseph and Thomas Edge the Ships departed from Grauesâ—nd the sâ—x and twentieth of Aprill and arriued in Greenland the fourteenth of May. This yeere the English had the Kings Patent vnder the broad Seale of England to forbid all Strangers and others but the Muscouia Companie to vse the Coast of Greenland The English met with fifteene sayle of great Ships two of them were Dutch Ships the rest were French Spanish and of the Archdukes besides foure English Interlopâ—rs The Companies Ships forced them all from the Coast of Greenland not suffering any of them to make a Voyage they tooke from the two Dutch Ships certayne goods buâ— in gâ—ing to take it they neglected their owne voyage which was damnified thereby to the value of three or foure thousand pounds For their Ships came home dead Fraight two or three hundred Tunnes by that meanes This yeere was Hope Iland and other Ilands discouered to the Eastward by the Companie In the yeere following which was 1614. the Companie set out for Greenland thirteene great Ships and two Pinnasses vnder the Command of Beniamin Ioseph and Thomas Edge all which Ships were well appointed with all manner of Artillerie for defence and other necessaries for the making of their Voyage and for Discouerie This yeere the Hollanders set out for Greenland eighteene great Ships whereof foure of them were of the States men of Warre Ships with thirtie pieces of Ordnance a piece This yeere the Dutch stayed and fished for the Whale perforce they were farre stronger then the English which was a cause that the English Ships came home halfe laden and the Dutch with a poore Voyage This yeere the Companie Discouered vnto the Northwards of Greenland as farre as 80. Degrees odde Minuts in the Ship Thomazen as by her daily Iournall doth appeare at large in which Ship was imployed Thomas Sherwin and William Baffin being the second Voyage they were imployed into those parts And some Ilands to the Eastwards of Greenland were Discouered by foure Ships imployed in that seruice as by their Iournall more at large appeareth In the yeere 1615. the Companie set out for Greenland two sayle of great Ships and two Pinnasses vnder the Command of Beniamin Ioseph and Thomas Edge who following their Instructions arriued vpon the Coast of Greenland the sixth of Iune which they found to bee much pestered with Ice and being foggie weather they runne into the Ice so farre that they were fast in it fourteene dayes before they could cleare themselues of it This yeere also the Hollanders set out fourteene sayle of ships whereof three of them were States Men of warre of great force they killed Whales in Horn-sound Bel-sound and Faire-hauen and stayed vpon the coast of Greenland perforce as they did the former yeere whereby the English came home halfe laden This yeere also the King of Denmarke sent vnto Greenland three of his ships Men of warre to demand a toll of the English but they had none payd them for they fell with the Fore-land in 79. degrees where Captaine Edge was and he denyed payment of any toll alledging that the Countrey of Greenland belonged to the King of England These were the first Danish ships that euer came to Greenland who had for their Pilot one Iames Vaden an Englishman to bring them thither In the yeere 1616. the Company set out for Greenland eight Sayle of great ships and two Pinnasses vnder the command of Thomas Edge who following his course arriued in Greenland about the fourth of Iune hauing formerly appointed all his ships for their seuerall Harbours for their making of their Voyage vpon the Whale and hauing in euery Harbour a sufficient number of expert men and all prouisions fitting for such a Voyage This yeere it pleased God to blesse them by their labours that they full laded all their ships with Oyle and left an ouer-plâ—s in the Countrey which their ships could not take in They imployed this yeere a small Pinnasse vnto the East-ward which discouered the East-ward part of Greenland Namely the Iland called now Edges Iland and other Ilands lying to the North-wards as farre as seuentie eight degrees this Pinnasse was some twentie tunnes and had twelue men in
South and South and by East to another small point three miles on which point there stood a Crosse and therefore they called it the Crosse-point there also was a flat Bay and low water fiue six or seuen fadome deepe soft ground From Crosse-point they sayled along by the land South South-east foure miles and then came to another small point which behind it had a great Crâ—eke that reached Eastward This point they called the fifth point or Saint Laurence point From the fifth point they sayled to the Sconce point three miles South South-east and there lay a long blacke Rocke close by the land whereon there stood a Crosse then they entred into the Ice againe and put inward to the Sea because of the Ice Their intent was to sayle along the coast of Noua Zembla to the Wey-gates but by reason that the Ice met them they woond Westward and from the ninth of August in the Eeuening till the tenth of August in the Morning sayled West and by North eleuen miles and after that foure miles West North-west and North-west and by West the winde being North in the Morning they woond Eastward againe and sayled vntill Eeuening ten miles East and East and by South after that East and East and by North foure miles and there they saw land and were against a great Creeke where with their Boate they went on land and there found a faire Hauen fiue fathome deepe sandie ground This Creeke on the North side hath three blacke points and about the three points lyeth the road but you must keepe somewhat from the third point for it is stonie and betweene the second and third point there is another faire Bay for North-west North and North-east windes blacke sandie ground This Bay they called Saint Laurence Bay and there they tooke the height of the Sunne which was 70. degrees and â— 4. From Saint Laurence Bay South South-east two miles to Sconce point there lay along blacke Rocke close by the land whereon there stood a Crosse there they went on Land with their Boat and perceiued that some men had beene there and that they were fled to saue themselues for there they found sixe Sackes with Rye-meale buried in the ground and a heape of stones by the Crosse and a Bullet for a great Piece and thereabouts also there stood another Crosse with three Houses made of wood after the North Countrey manner and in the houses they found many barrels of Pike-stanes whereby they conjectured that there they vsed to take Salmons and by them stood fiue or six Coffins by Graues with dead mens bones the Coffins standing vpon the ground all filled vp with stones there also lay a broken Russia ship the Keele thereof being fortie foure foot long but they could see no man on the Land it is a faire Hauen for all winder which they called the Meale-hauen because of the Meale that they found there From the blacke Rocke or Cliffe with the Crosse two miles South South-east there lay a low Iland a little into the Sea from whence they sayled nine or ten miles South South-east there the height of the Sunne was 70. degrees and 50. minutes when it was South South-west From that Iland they sayled along by the Land foure miles South-east and by South there they came to two Ilands whereof the vttermost lay a mile from the Land those Ilands they called Saint Clara. Then they entred into the Ice againe and woond inward to the Sea in the wind and sayled from the Iland vntill Eeuening West South-west foure miles the wind being North-west that Eeuening it was very mistie and then they had eightie fathome deepe Then againe they sayled South-west and by West and West South-west three miles there they had seuentie fathome deepe and so sayled till the thirteenth of August in the morning South-west and by West foure miles two houres before they had ground at fiftie sixe fathome and in the morning at fortie fiue fathome soft muddie ground Then they woond from the land and sayled North and North and by East foure miles from thence they woond to land againe and sayled till the fourteene of August fiue or sixe miles South-west sayling close by the land which as they ghesse was the Iland of Colgoyen August the fifteenth the Sun being South-west William Barents tooke the height thereof and found it to bee eleuated aboue the Horizon 35. degrees his Declination being 14. degrees and ¼ so that as there wanted 55. degrees of 90. which 55. and 14. degrees ¼ being both added together made 69. Degrees 15. Minutes which was the height of the Pole in that place the wind being North-west then they sayled two miles more Eastward and came to the Ilands called Matfloe and Delgoy and there in the morning they met with the other Ships of their companie being of Zelandt and Enck-huysen that came out of Wey-gates the same day there they shewed each other where they had beene and how farre each of them had sayled and discouered The Ship of Enck-huysen had past the Straights of Wey-gates and said that at the end of Wey-gates hee had found a large Sea and that they had sayled fiftie or sixtie miles further Eastward and were of opinion that they had beene about the Riuer Obi that commeth out of Tartaria and that the Land of Tartaria reacheth North-eastward againe from thence whereby they thought that they were not farre from Cape Tabin which is the point of Tartaria that reacheth towards the Kingdome of Cathai North-east and then Southward and so thinking that they had Discouered enough for that time and that it was too late in the yeere to sayle any further as also that their Commission was to discouer the scituation and to come home againe before Winter they turned againe towards the Wey-gates and came to an Iland about fiue miles great lying South-east from Wey-gates on the Tartarian side and called it the States Iland there they found many Stones that were of Christall Mountayne being a kind of Diamond When they were met together as I sayd before they made signes of joy discharging some of their Ordnance and were merrie the other Ships thinking that William Barents had sayled round about Noua Zembla and had come backe againe through the Wey-gates and after they had shewed each other what they had done and made signes of joy for their meeting they set their course to turne backe againe for Holland and vpon the sixteenth of August they went vnder the Ilands of Matfloe and Delgoy and put into the road because the wind was North-west and lay till the eighteenth of August Then they set sayle and came to the Texel the sixteenth of September CHAP. IIII. A briefe Declaration of BARENTS his second Nauigation made in Anno 1595. behinde Norway Muscouia and Tartaria written by GERAT DE VEER THe foure Ships aforesaid being returned home about Haruest-time in Anno 1594. they were in good hope
Emperour and great Duke of all Russia Volademer Moskoe and Nouogrode King of Casan and Astracan Lord of Vobskoe great Duke of Smolenskoe Tuer Huder Vghory Perme Viatsky Bolgory c. Lord and great Duke of Nouogrod in the Low Countreyes of Chernigo Rezan Polotskey Rostoue Geraslaue Bealozera Leifland Oudorskey Obdorskey Condingskey King of all Syberia and the North Coasts Commander of the Countreyes of Iuersky Grysinsky and Emperour of Kabardiuskey of Chirkasky and of the whole Countrey of Garskey and of many other Countreyes and Kingdomes Lord and Emperour to know of his Maiesties health of England the Queene and Princes The second being a Captayne of Gunners the Emperours Guard named Kazriâ—e Dauydowich Beaheetchoue pronouncing the Emperour and Princes Title said hee was sent from them to know his Lordships health and vsage with the Kings Gentlemen The third was one of the Secretaries named Pheodor Boulteene obseruing the former order did deliuer what he had in command from the Emperor Prince and Empresse to informe the Embassador of their much fauour towards him and the Kings Gentlemen in prouiding for his Honourable entertayne and ease a faire large house to lodge in Also that they three were sent from the Emperour Prince and Empresse to be his Prestaues to supply the Emperours goodnesse toward him to prouide his necessaries and deliuer any sute it pleased the Ambassadour to make to the Emperour To all which the Embassadour very wisely gaue answere as they made report vnto the Emperour So we all presently mounted againe the Prestaues on either hand of the Ambassadour his Horse and Foot-cloth being led by his Page some small distance his Coach behind that and some sixe thousand Gallants after behind all who at the Embassadors riding through the guard that was made for him very courteously bowed himselfe Thus was he followed by thousands and within the three wals of the Citie many hundreds of young Noblemen Gentlemen and rich Merchants well mounted begirt the wayes on euery side diuers on foot also euen to the gate of the house where the Embassadour was to be lodged which was some two miles Whether being come he was brought into his Bed-chamber by the Noblemen his Prestaues where with many thankes for their honourable paines they were dismist betaking themselues to their further affaires The next morning came three other Prestaues with the former to know of his Lordships health and how he had rested the night past withall that if his Lordship wanted any thing they all or any one of them were as commanded so readie to obey therein These with the Interpreter and sixe Gentlemen were most within the walls lodged in a house ouer the gate besides we had fiftie Gunners to attend and guard vs in our going abroad The eight of October being the fourth day after our comming to Musco the Prestaues came to his Lordship to let him vnderstand they heard he should goe vp the next day wherefore they desired his speech and Embassage to the Emperour and the rather that the Interpreter might as they pretended translate it To this purpose very earnestly at seuerall times they made demand The Embassadour answered that he was sent from a mightie Prince to bee his Embassadour to their Emperour and being sent to their Master he deemed it not only a dishonour to him but a weaknesse in them to require that at his hands The â—leuenth of October his Lordship being sent for by his Prestaues there wayting hauing excellent Iennets for himselfe the Kings Gentlemen and good horses for the rest as likewise two gallant white Palfreis to carrie or draw a rich Chariot one parcell of the great Present with his followers and the Emperours guard carrying the rest on each side the streets standing the Emperours guard with Peeces in their hands well apparelled to the number of two thousand by esteeme many Messengers posting betwixt the Court and our Prestaues Thus with much state softly riding till we came vnto the vtmost gate of the Court hauing passed through the great Castle before there his Lordship dismounted Then met him a great Duke named Knase Andriay Metowich Soomederoue with certayne Gentlemen to bring him vp So in order as we rode we ascended the staires and a stone Gallerie whereon each side stood many Nobles and Courtiers in faire Coates of Persian Stuffe Veluet Damaske c. At the entry to the great Chamber two Counsellors encountred the Embassadour to conduct him through that Roome round about which sat many graue and richly apparrelled Personages Then we entred the Presence whether being come and making obeysance we staid to heare but not vnderstand a very gallant Nobleman named Peter Basman deliuer the Emperours Title Then the particular of the Presents and some other Ceremonies which performed the Embassadour hauing libertie deliuered so much of his Embassage as the time and occasion then affoorded After which the Emperour arising from his Throne demanded of the King of Englands health the Princes and Queenes then of the Embassadors and the Kings Gentlemen and how they had beene vsed since they entred within his Dominions to all which with obeysance wee answered as was meete Then the young Prince demanded the very same The Embassador hauing taken the Kings Letter of his Gentleman Vsher went vp after his obeysance to deliuer it which the Lord Chancellor would haue intercepted But the Embassadour gaue it to the Emperours owne hands and his Majestie afterwards deliuered it to the Lord Chancellor who tooke it and shewing the superscription to the Emperour and Prince held it in his hand openly with the Seale towards them Then the Emperour called the Embassadour to kisse his hand which he did as likewise the Princes and with his face towards them returned Then did hee call for the Kings Gentlemen to kisse his hand and the Princes which they after obeysance made did accordingly Afterwards his Majestie inuited his Lordship the Kings Gentlemen and the rest to dine with him as likewise Master I. Mericke Agent by name who gaue his attendance there on the Embassadour and was now as diuers times very graciously vsed of the Emperour and Prince no stranger that I euer heard off like him in all respects Being entred the Presence we might behold the excellent Majestie of a mightie Emperour seated in a Chaire of Gold richly embroydered with Persian Stuffe in his right hand hee held a golden Scepter a Crowne of pure Gold vpon his head a Coller of rich stones and Pearles about his necke his outward Garments of Crimson Veluet embroydered very faire with Pearles Precious stones and Gold On his right side on equall height to his Throne standing a very faire Globe of beaten Gold on a Pyramis with a faire Crosse vpon it vnto which before hee spake he turned a little and crost himselfe Nigh that stood a faire Bason and Ewer which the Emperour often vseth daily Close by him in another Throne sat the Prince in an
by Letters Who yet after refusall and I cannot condemne all many came the Commons being resolued else to fetch them out Then by the Boyerenâ— aloud was read the Emperours Letters to this effect That hee much wondred at that time wherein expedition was to bee accounted safest policie hauing sent many Letters and Messengers to them concerning their approouing him to bee their lawfull Prince as being the sonne of Euan Vasâ—lowich their late Emperour and the onely brother of Pheodor Euanowich selfe-vpholder of happy memorie both with inuincible Arguments and direct Reasons to the manifesting thereof they notwithstanding his long patience and gracious remisnesse were not onely so proud as not to answere his Princely Letters but so presumptuous as to retayne his Messengers whereby they made themselues apparantly to bee no lesse Vipers to the State in obscuring him then Traytors to himselfe the true and right Emperour by defrauding them yet giuing him a strong Argument by their Silence of their guiltinesse also allowing thereby time and opportunitie if hee had not beene their true-borne Emperour and with the naturall Mother tendered the life of her deare Children to haue conquered and destroyed the whole Nation All which notwithstanding hee being confident in his owne conscience of his iust Title made the Prince of patience and humilitie from his former many great miseries and dangers had in his Princely wisedome and clemency againe wrote these but certainly his last Peace-requiring and Grace-offering Letters yea was content to desire them he might and doubted not shortly but he should command onely ayming at the good of the Commonwealth and State in generall as he that without much shedding of his Subiects bloud desired the Kingdome Also to this end hee had sent men of great birth viz. Rues Pheodor Euanowich Methithsosky and Rues Demetre Euanowich Suskey and giuen them Commission to displace his Enemies and Prestaue the Godonoues and others till his further pleasure were knowne consuming those monstrous bloud suckers and Traytors with returne of the Commons answere thereunto Likewise to demand his Messengers and they to bee brought before the Commons whom hee had reason to beleeue were ill-intreated if not murthered withall that if they did submit themselues now to him as to their lawfull Prince and Soueraigne which hee was truely resolued their consciences were guiltie of that yet they should finde him a gracious and mercifull Lord if otherwise a seuere and iust Reuenger of them and their many misdeedes towards him as hee that had his Sword euer vnsheathed to execute his vengeance on them all and was easily perswaded they were not ignorant of the many Victories hee had obtayned formerly against them when they would seeme able and willing to fight with his Souldiers and how afflicted and troubled herewith they all were But that now he had their chiefe and strongest Heads and Armes in his owne hand the whole World might not betreth him they durst once speake openly against him as assured that all excepting a very few and they of the worst in heart were his loyall Subiects c. But before this Letter was halfe read the Hearts and Hands of the multitude were strangely combined together not one speaking but all confusedly like fettered and chayned Horses stamping being indeed without any feare but of not doing mischiefe enough all as one running violently into the Castle where meeting two of the pitifully tormented Messengers they pawsed to heare them as sufficiently as their insufficiencie would permit them deliuer the vilde manner of their torturing whipping and roasting which was in deede a Whip and Spurre to driue them without wit or humanitie as if they had beene fired like Gun-powder with the very sparkes of heate Such barbarous crueltie beastly actions and inhumane spectacles as without the great Deuill had beene their Generall no particular could haue acted laying violent hands on all they met but not killing the great mercy of God any man of account Thus the whole Citie was in an vproare all the Counsellors houses sellers and studies ransacked beginning with the Godonoues spoyling renting and stealing all they met vvith but carrying little away but drinke which they could not carry away The Commons no doubt would haue made this day little inferiour to the massacre of Paris so violent and deuillish were their sudden resolutions but that the Nobles best beloued and obeyed intreated where none could command others perswading all wishing an end to this most miserable and neuer exampled mischiefe But the multitude did what they would and could especially on the greatest which certainly were the worst So as the Empresse flying to a safer lodging had her coller of Pearle pluckt from her necke Then the Prince Empresse and Princesse were prestaued a second command being come from the Campe with the Godonoues and many others that were suspected most The Nobles ioyning in one counsell for the present ordering of these sudden accidents and for answere to the Prince Demetrius Euanowich who suddenly was by generall consent concluded by the particular knowledge of Bodan Belskey a great Counsellor that was priuie to his departure and some others to bee their right and lawfull Emperour onely a few excepted So as the young Prince was by many but particularly by his mother counselled to leaue the Kingdome vtterly before it forsooke him to follow his Fathers example in murdering himselfe and herein his mother that Map of miseries that Cradle of crueltie and his onely deare sister would associate him Letters were deuised and Messengers framed to effect this desperate treacherie on his innocent life so as in very few dayes for Mischiefe hath the wings of Thought and Resolution they three did consent an vnhappy coniunction to destroy themselues and rather to lay violent hands vpon their hatefull liues then make an Enemie seeme cruell in executing Iustice on them which yet certainly this Emperour neuer dreamt of but determined the Prince should be within himselfe not lesse then Absolute and in a very great Dukedome The Princely Mother began the health of Death to her noble Sonne who pledged her with a heartie draught therein so much strength did hee adde to his vile wicked obedience that hee prooued a banquerout presently and hand in hand embracing each other they fell and died as one the Mother counselling and acting whilest the child bethought and suffered yet see Prouidence and Commiseration Constancy and Obedience the Princesse dranke but like a Virgin temperately so as modestie the want of which was the death of the Mother now prooued the life of the Daughter Howeuer it was with Boris for other things I thought it not amisse to adde this testimonie of his respect to the English Nation and Merchants in Priuiledges granted them as followeth ONe Almightie God without and before the Beginning the Father the Sonne and the Holy Ghost whom we glorifie in the Trinitie our onely God Creator and Preseruer of all things euerywhere by which Will and Working
of the Russes Many of them found grieuances notwithstanding in his too much respect to the Poles and many made question of his birth Many were suspected of conspiracie and diuers tortured which was but quenching fire with Oyle the â—â—ame growing greater And now beganne Demetrius to repent of his haâ—tie dismissing his guards and began a new Check-roll of Lieflanders and Germanes to which hee added an hundred English Halberdiers and as many Scots their Captaynes hee calleth Matthias Câ—oâ—senius and Albert Lant and an hundred French vnder Iaques Margeret armed with Partisanâ— Then also he inlarged his pay but too late Alexander Gosenskie Coruinus was sent Embassadour from Poland with rich Presents and Letters from King Sigismund to Demetrius which because they expressed not the Title of Emperour were not receiued not opened In excuse where of the Embassadour vsed words vnsufferable to Russian patience that he should goe and depriue the great Turke of those Titles Demetrius dissembled notwithstanding in regard of his past experience and hoped helpes from the Pole The dayes following were spent in pastimes and sloth Saturday was solemne to the Russians a Feast then happening which they preferre before Easter The Emperour and Empresse â—ate crowned in the Hall and made a great Feast to their owne and to strangers in which the Pole Embassadour refused to be present except he might sit at the Princes Table as the Russian Embassadour had beene honoured at Cracoâ—ia The Russes denied stiffely but Demetrius at length yeelded Many peremptorie and licentious passages happened the Poles carrying themselues domineeringly to the Russes as Victors to the conquered Demetrius at first ouer-bold now beganne to feare and warned the Poles to bee warie and sent for all his guards On Friday the Russes preparing for offence and the Poles for their defence for they and not the Prince seemed to bee then in danger in the Euening the Nobles command the people to arme against the next day The Empresse was this while secure and made ready a magnificent Feast against Sunday But on Saturday the sixteenth of the Kalends of Iune the Conspirators assemble early and a great cry is raysed to kill the Poles and Demetrius Some greedie of spoyle runne presently to the Poles Lodgings assault them and embroyle all with slaughters Others runne to the Castle Few of the guard were there delay hauing bred securitie in Demetrius nor were any of their Captayne 's seene Margaret then lay sicke as he after told me Thuanus which disease saued his life Things were done with such furie and celeritie that many Russes in Polish attire were slaine before they were knowne Peter Basman came running forth halfe naked was killed by one of his own seruants Suiskie their Leader carrying a Sword in one hand a Crosse in the other caused the great Bel to be rung in token of fire that Demetrius might be raised come forth of his Parlor He awakned with the noyse now seeing a greater danger then fire taketh a Turkish Sword and suddenly slips downe out of a window breaking his legge with the fall whereby he was easily taken by the people and by Suiskoys command carried into the greater Hall where Embassadours haue audience There some vpbrayding his impostures he with his sword layd one on the ground and then desired the Nobilitie to permit him to speake to the people which was denyed Some say that he obtayned of Suiskey that he might be tryed by the testimonie of Vasilowich his Wife which being brought out of the Nunnery affirmed before the Nobles on her oath that her Sonne Demetrius was many yeeres before murthered by Boris his perfidies which she at first seeing the peoples fauour and iust reuenge on Boris willingly dissembled whereupon they ranne vpon him and with many wounds slue him Thus writeth Peter Paterson of Vpsal which then was in Russia When they had slaine him they thrust a rope thorow his secret parts and drew him thorow the myre into the Market place where he remayned foure dayes lying all gorie and myrie on a boord with Peter Basman vnder it and an vgly Vizar ouer it a Bag-pipe in his mouth with other lasciuious cruelties exercised on his dead body The Palatine Sendomir or Sandamersko was blocked vp in his House and other Poles Houses rifled many of which died not vnreuenged howsoeuer by numbers ouercomne Viteneskie after much slaughter of the assayling Russes when he saw Ordnance brought set forth a white flagge in token of yeelding bidding his Seruants cast abroad his money which whiles the people were gathering he and his made way with their Swords with great slaughter yeelded to the Boiarens which came from the Castle The miserable Bride was not only spoyled of inestimable Treasure but of all her Apparell and Iewels carefull only of her Father and Vncle and thinking it a happy purchase if she might saue her life and recouer her Countrey Meane-while without her Garment to couer her without Bed to lye on without securitie of life shee expected in poore Weeds the issue of the peoples furie Many Merchants endured like fates Ambrose Cellar besides the losse of thirtie thousand Crownes lost his life Ianies Win was with his own Sword beheaded Nathan lost one hundred and fiftie thousand Florens Nicolaâ— Limborough fiftie thousand Two of Auspurg had lent two hundred thousand Crownes to Demetrius which now was not to pay them Marcellius lost an hundred thousand Florens Twelue hundred Poles lost their liues many were saued by the Boiarens Foure hundred Russes were slayne At night the tumult ceased Scarsly would the people giue leaue to bury the bodies after three dayes wallowing in the durt in the Germane Church-yard After this tempest was calmed the Boiarens assembled in counsell about a new Election where Suiskey made speech to them professing himselfe sorrowfull for that had passed in the execution of a iust zeale to the Imperiall Family and his Countrey and in hatred of a cruell Tyrant that Iuan Vasilowich how euer injuriously taxed by some had left Kingdomes annexed to his Inheritance as Monuments of his great spirit by whom he had beene sent to Stephen King of Poland to treate of peace and euer since had so carried himselfe in the State that none could justly blame him that Iohn being dead Theodore succeeded but another ruled who murthered the yonger brother and as was thought after that poysoned the other so attayning the Empire which how miserable was it all his time that Demetrius therefore whosoeuer he was found friends himselfe amongst others but when their Religion was endangered Forreiners aduanced Lawes violated Exotike fashions brought in liberties suppressed he withstood with the peril of his life which it grieued him to haue enjoyed as a Theeues benefit by his grant which had no right to take it yet seeing their forwardnesse in a cause so just would God it had not beene so bloudy more regarding his Countreyes safety then
Gracae permittimus earumque secundum constitutiones Patrum Sanctorum tuebimur in nullo puncto violandam immutandam Et vniuersam vener abilium Patrum Ministrorâ—m Dei Confessariorum vestrorum Coronam debito in honore sumus habituri Heroes Aulicos cuiuscunque sortis alios deligere promouere patriam possessionem pecunialem aliamque omnem prouisionem à nemine abalienando sed suum vnicuique attribuere promittimus secundum antiquam consuetudinem insuper nostra Imperatoria prouisione vnumquemque secundum ipsius dignitatem merita promouere Qui autem in malitia contâ—macia sua perseuerare non cessabunt ij Deum Opt. Max. â—astissiman eius Genitricem strictissimo illos gladâ—o punituros certo sciant nostrum Imperatorium beneuolum animum in iram vindictam mutatum experientur Non vult enim Deus Omnipotens vt ob malitiam contumaciam Rebellium innocentium vlterius sanguis effundatur Templa Dei spolientur gloria sancti Nominis eâ—us magis ac magis deprimatur Vos omnes apud animum vestrum diligentius perpendite his qui adhus nobis tergiuer santur renunciate vt animo mutato ad veritatis agnitionem redeant seditiosos pacis publicae diremptores reliquant Iam vero ad quas Arces Ciuitates hae literae nostrae peruenerint Mandamus vt eorum Capitanei Tenutarij omnia ad victum necessaria pecuniam colligant in paratisque habeant ad nostrum aduentum Interea Exercitus sacrae Regiae Maiestatis Domini Parentis nostri nostrique proprij ne vllum detrimentum patiantur sed vna in fraterno amore quoad venerimus viuatis Et donec Opt. Max. ex mera gratia sua nostraque Imperatorium cura diligentia toto Imperio Moscouitico firmato restaurato vobis petiri concesserit Dabantur Varsourae Anno Domini 1612. 9. die Martij The points of the Embassage of the Russian Messenger sent to his sacred Maiestie briefly collected BY what manner their naturall Lords ruled ouer them they alleaged to wit beginning from Borâ—k who was of the bloud of Augustus Caesar Emperour of Rome euen vnto the last Lord and Emperour Pheodor Euanowich in whom their Race ceased That Boris Godonoue abiding with Pheodor Euanowich was created by his owne force and power Emperour or Lord but after a little time the pleasure of God so working being thrust-out of the Imperiall seate departed this life shamefully and by violent death together with his Wife and Children That Christophorus Otropitij the Rostrige being of base descent vnder the Name which he did beare of Emperour otherwise Demetrij Euanowich slaine at Owglets did fraudulently and by deceit wherewith he deceiued the common people and others that beleeued them obtaine the Imperiall Seate by force without the consent of the Spiritualtie and all the chiefe Bishops and Lords and great men of the Kingdome who durst not withstand the same seeing the Commons to yeeld thereunto How the excellent Lord Palatin of Sandomire gaue his daughter in marriage to the Rostrige and himselfe many Gentlemen both of the Kingdome of Poland and great Duchy of Litow accompanying him came into Moscouia Then that Vasili Euanowich Suiskey with his brethren and many others associated to this attempt and stirring vp other great men of the Land did kill the Rostrige with many Gentlemen of Poland and the great Duchy of Litow and put the rest into diuers Castles And himselfe was made Emperour although he were not elected by all the States Whereupon many of our sort did not willingly acknowledge him Emperour and many would not obey him How another named the Wor did rise vp at Kalusia and caused himselfe to bee named Demetrij and so accounted Whereof when many both Russes and Poles heard they assembled vnto him thinking him to be the true Demetrij and the Russes did so much the more willingly draw vnto him because of the murtherers How others called Wors did name and call themselues sonnes of the slaine Emperour as Iuan Peter Pheodor and by many and diuers other names and vnder the same names did consume the State and shead much bloud How the Kings sacred Maiestie comming to Sâ—olensko sent his Messengers the Lord of Praemislaue and other noble men who comming vnto the Campe the forenamed Wors fled away but diuers of the Russes came vnto his Maiestie And taking counsell with the Boiarins at that time remayning with Suiskey in the chiefe Citie we sent our Messengers to his Maiestie at that time being at Smolensko viz. Michael Salticoue and others requesting that his Maiestie would grant vs his Sonne to be our Lord. How they were dispatched away and what answere they brought from his Maiestie with conditions engrossed and signed with his hand and seale How that after the deposing of Suiskey the noble Lord Generall of the Kingdome comming into Moscouia concluded all the said businesses and treaties and confirmed them with the oath of himselfe and his fellow Souldiers And that they after that oath likewise made their oath for the same Then that for the greater defence of the said principall Citie from the Wors they sent Souldiers into the Citie and sent also their Messengers from the whole Countrie Fidareta the Metropolitan and Vasili Galichin with others vnto the Kings Maiestie and required an oath in his Maiesties behalfe of all the seuerall Prouinces How that his Maiesties Souldiers dwelled and behaued themselues in this capitall Citie of Mosco before the troubles began without iniuring any man punishing the euill according to their deserts How the Boiarins handled other Gentlemen and principall persons of the Russe Religion although more inclined vnto them but especially the Officers and Seruants of the Wors as also such as had fled ouer It followeth how they often sent word vnto the Citie of Smolensko and willed them to deliuer vp the Citie vnto his Maiestie to bee vnder his prosperous gouernment and power As for the secret plots of their Messengers Galechin and others they said they were ignorant as also of some vnknowne practises handled with the Wor called Halusin But they said that they had written very often to the Citie of Smolensko and commanded them to doe whatsoeuer stood with his Maiesties pleasure and liked him without further effusion of bloud How also it befell in the chiefe Citie to Lepun and Saâ—usky and the other Rebels when they violated their fidelitie That they certified his Maiesties Souldiers thereof and that they with them did rise against the Rebels and that euen to this present they doe keepe and will keepe their oath once made and their due obedience vnto their Lord. And in that Lepun was punished of God for his treacherie and departed this life with so shamefull a death wee thinke it to bee for the good example of others to reduce them into their former estate to reuoke others vnto their
fidelitie and for keeping their oath alreadie giuen Therefore after many circumstances they inferred that they would presently send their Messengers to the generall Parliament but mooued with the perswasion of the honorable Lord Generall to wit that his Maiestie would bee contented with their fidelitie once made and performed vnder oath and with their griefe for the same cause and will cheerefully forgiue them and doth not refuse to giue his Sonne to raigne ouer them Adding withall that many Kingdomes to wit the Kingdome of Hungarie the Kingdome of Bohemia and a great part of Russia doe earnestly request that he would receiue them vnder the happy gouernment of his Maiestie that they might enioy the priuiledges of Poland and Litow to which none in the whole world can be compared But because his Excellent Maiestie as a Christian Lord reiecting all other Kingdomes and Dominions will graciously receiue vnder his Rule and gouernment the said Dominions and that he is sorry for their destruction he therefore now admonisheth them if they will bee vnder his prosperous Rule and enter into an vnion together with the Kingdome of Poland and the great Duchy of Litow and liue friendly with them if they will performe and consent therevnto His Excellent Maiestie promiseth to remit their offence and to receiue them vnder his happy gouernment and authoritie and refuseth and by no meanes will alter or change their faith and conscience or places dedicated vnto God or builded for deuotion neither will impose on them any other Religion or alter their ancient Manners or Customes but will bestow on them priuiledges and offices and that the Rights and Priuiledges which the Poles with the great Duchy of Litow doe enioy shall be conferred on them and that they shall be equalled with the Kingdome and great Duchy of Litow c. which iurisdictions and priuiledges in former times their Predecessors wanted For this perswasion therefore of the honourable Lord Generall which he had in charge from his Maiestie to make they yeeld all thankes but notwithstanding they propound and plainly adde that their oath shall be so that his Maiesties sonne shall succeed in their gouernment with certaine additions to wit that they will haue none other ouer them but onely his Maiesties sonne and that the whole Land doth make it knowne and propound their iudgement and sentence by way of denunciation that by no meanes but by offering his Maiesties sonne these troubles of Moscouia can be extinguished Adding withall that at that time in the first troubles when the honourable Lord Generall came into the Country of Moscouia and required the oath for the Kings Maiesties sonne if his Maiestie had made any mention thereof it is certaine that the Commons and all the Nobilitie would not haue consented thereunto by any meanes and that greater effusion of bloud had risen thereupon And that they had taken for their Prince Klutzinsky called the Wor to whom all were not assembled who also at that time had a great power of men as well of Poles as Russes and Litowes They therefore seeing the great discord amongst the people taking counsell did freely choose for their Lord and Emperour his Excellent Maiesties sonne vnto whom they had a great affection and who had a long time before layen in their hearts assuring themselues also that by this election of his Maiesties sonne many troubles and dissentions would be pacified and so reiected the aforesaid Wor Klutzinsky As also they receiued into their chiefe Citie the chiefe Generall But when it was heard that his Excellent Maiestie would by no meanes giue vnto them his sonne for their Lord and to rule ouer them they fell into such effusion of bloud and insurrections As also the same time the whole Country of Moscouia looked and expected nothing else then his Maiesties sonne Calling to memorie for their better aduice that it was to be feared least whilest his Maiestie came too late with his sonne diuers parts of the Land should choose vnto themselues seuerall Lords As to the Southward the Castles Strachen and others to the King of Persia part of Pomerland and Siberia to the Kings of Denmarke and England Nouogrod Plesco Iuanogrod and others to the King of Sweden and that the other Cities would choose to themselues other Lords separate from the rest In the meane season they desire his Excellent Maiestie to make a speedy end of these warres according to his Obligation and promise ratified by the oath of the honorable Lord Generall and the whole Armie and that his Maiestie himselfe with his sonne would come into Moscouia They request also that his Excellent Maiestie would retayne with himselfe and his Sonne Counsellors and Messengers of their Commonwealth for the ordayning and concluding of perpetuall Conditions They request also that his Maiestie in the name of his Sonne would send vnto all the Inhabitants of the Townes and write vnto the seuerall Cities signifying his comming into their Dominions and willing that out of the seuerall Prouinces all sorts of men send their Messengers to treate and conclude of the affaires of all sorts of People and of peâ—petuall tranquillitie Promising after the said Charge and Letters to all people in generall and notifying from their said Lord that by Gods grace there may bee throughout the whole Land of Moscouia tranquillitie peace and securitie To conclude they pray heartily vnto the Lord God to grant vnto his Maiestie in this businesse begun a prosperous and speedy end Thus haue wee seene dissolute resolutions or resolute dissolutenesse men onely constant in inconstancy resolued vpon irresolution As we often see sicke persons turning euery way and no way eased in the night time longing for day and in the day for night such was now the Russian sicknesse they would and they would not and yet would againe and againe would not they scarsly knew what or why fluctuating in an inward storme of diuersifyed hopes feares desires distracted affections no lesse then in that outward broile of State For it was not long that they looked toward Poland whether for breach of conditions of that part or out of inueterate hate to the Pole or their Nationall iealousie and distrust of Strangers or a naturall inconstancy they fell off from that Prince and their Chancellor Father to the now raigning Emperour employed there with others in Embassage were detayned thereupon prisoners It is also reported that they made secret ouertures to His Maiestie of Great Britaine and that Sir Iohn Merick and Sir Willam Russel were therein employed but the strong conuulsions and sharpe agues and agonies of that State could not or would not endure the lingring of such remote pâ—isicke the wheele of Things being whirled about before such a Treatie might admit a passage of Messengers to and fro Once that Russian Head grew so heady and giddy that at last it bred innumerable Heads yea the whole Body became Heads in the worst of tyrannies a popular
the Countrimen which for being so great warriors haue alwayes beene euill to pacifie and there bee many out in the Mountaines and Breaches of the end of the Rowe the Prouinces of Arauco Tucapel and the Valley of Purâ—n the bounds and borders betweene the Citie of the Conception and los Confines and la Imperial In this Gouernment are eleuen Spanish Townes with a Gouernour placed in the matters of the Gouernment to the Vice-roy and Councell of Piru after the Councell that was in the Countrie was taken away and there is in it two Bishopricks Suffraganes to the Archbishoprick of the Kings In the Bishopricke of Saint Iames are foure Townes The Citie of Saint Iames in the time of the first inhabiting of Chile founded by Captaine Peter of Valdinia it stands in thirtie foure degrees and a quarter of altitude seuentie seuen of longitude one thousand nine hundred and eightie leagues from Toledo by a direct Line fifteene from the Sea and ten beyond the Valley of Chile which they named at the first New Extreame In it is the Cathedrall resident with Monasteries of Dominicke Franciscan and Mercenarie Friars in a plentifull soile of wheat Wine and other things and of very rich Mynes of gold and in her iurisdiction more then eightie thousand Indians in sixe and twentie repartitions This Citie is serued of the Port of Valparayso at the mouth of the Riuer Topocalma which passeth neere vnto it Captaine Valdinia peopled also la Serena in the yeere 1544. neere to a good Hauen it is the first Towne of Spaniards at the enâ—â—ie of Chile sixtie leagues from the Citie of Saint Iames somewhat North-west neere to the Sea in the Valley of Coquimbo with Monasteries of Franciscan and Mercenarie Friars It rayneth in it but three or foure times a yeere and in the Countries before it it neuer rayneth The Port which they call of Coquimbo stands in two and thirtie degrees it is a good Nooke where the ships of Piru doe make a stay In the Prouince of Chucuito which is on the other side of the Rome of the Andes in a cold and barren Countrie doe stand the Citie of Mendoça and of Saint Iohn of the Frontier for Don Garcia of Mendoça peopled them both The Citie of Mendoça is of the same height with Saint Iames about fortie leagues from it of a difficult way for the snow that is in the Andes The Citie of Saint Iohn of the Frontier stands to the South of the Citie of Mendoça In the Bishopricke of the Imperiall are seuen Spanish Townes which are the Citie of the Conception in seuen and thirtie degrees of height seuentie leagues to the South of the Citie of Saint Iames neere to the Sea Peter Valdinia inhabited it in the yeere 1550. The Gouernours are resident in it since the Councell that was there from the yeere 1567. vnto 1574. was taken away There are Monasteries of Dominicans Franciscans and Mercenarie Friarâ— The Port of this Citie stands in a nooke at the shelter of an Iland The Citie of the new village of los Infantes or los Confines Don Garcia of Mendoça peopled it and the Gouernour Villagran commanded it to be called dâ— los Confines It stands sixteene leagues from the Conception to the side of the Streight eight leagues from the Row of the Andes and foure from that which goeth along the Coast. It hath one Monasterie of Dominicans another of Franciscan Friars The warlike Indian come to the bounds of this Citie and the mayne Riuer Biobio by them and others which doe enter into it and the Riuer Ninequeten Peter of Valdinia peopled the Citie of the Imperiall 1â—51 which is in nine and thirtie degrees of height nine and thirtie leagues from the Conception toward the Streights side three leagues from the Sea where the Cathedrall is resident with one Monasterie of Franciscans another of Mercenarie Friars and in her bounds are more then eightie thousand Indians with many other that in her bounds are in armes The Riuer Cauten passeth neere it which is nauigable to the Sea though the Hauen bee not good nor secure Captaine Valdinia peopled also the Rich Village sixteene leagues from Imperiall about the South-eastward and about foure and fortie from the Conception neere to the Snowy Row with one Monasterie of Franciscans another of Mercenaries in a Countrey cold and barren of Bread and Wine The Citie of Valdinia in two leagues off the Sea and fiftie from the Conception to the Streight ward peopled also by Captaine Valdinia with Monasteries of Dominicans Franciscans and Mercenaries in a plentifull Countrie of Wheat and Seedes and in places of good pastures for Cattell and without Vines The merchandize comes vp by the Riuer of Valdinia which passeth neere it and the Port stands in the mouth of it in fortie degrees of height The Citie of Osâ—rno Don Garcia of Mendoça peopled sixtie leagues or more from the Conception to the port of the Streight seuen leagues from the Sea It hath one Monasterie of Dominicans another of Franciscans with another of Nunnes in a cold Countrie scarce of victuals but of much gold and in her bounds two hundred thousand Indians of repartition The Citie of Castro which was inhabited by the Licenciate Lope Garcia de Castro being Gouernour of the Kingdomes of Piru the which is called in the Indian tongue Chilue which is the last of the inhabited in Chile in an Iland of those that are in the Lake of Aucud or Chilue and the Archipelagus stands in three and fortie degrees of altitude one and fortie leagues to the South of Osorno with a Monasterie of Franciscans with twelue thousand Indians of repartition in her bounds for it is an Iland of fiftie leagues in length and from two vntill nine in breadth which the Sea made with other great ones tearing the Land vnto the Row of the Andes It is a mountaynous Countrey and close plentifull of Wheate and of Millet and Mynes of flying Gold on the Strand a thing fewe times or seldome seene The Gouernour Villagran tooke away the name of the Citie which was Cauyete that Don Garcia of Mendoça inhabited and commanded to call it Tucapel and afterward disinhabited it There are in this Gouernment which beginneth in two and twentie degrees the Port and Riuer of Copeapo and to the South of it the Port of Guascoin another Riuer and the Riuer of Coquimbo in two and thirtie degrees and past this the Port of the Cigua in the Riuer and the Port of Quintero at the mouth of the Riuer of Concagua before the Port of Saint Iames or Valparayso and the Port of Topocalma in the Riuer of Maypa and past the Riuer of Maule the Port of the Herradura at the mouth of the Riuer Itata before the Port of the Conception in the great Riuer of Biobio to the North the Iland of Saint Marie right against the State of Aranco and
feeling But to the end thou maiest the better see him take the staffe of perfumes he holds burning in his hand and put it to his face then shalt then finde him without feeling The poore laborer durst not approach neere him nor doe as he was commanded for the great feare they all had of this King But the voice said Haue no feare for I am without comparison greater than this King 〈◊〉 destroy him and defend him doe therefore what I command thee Whereupon the Laborer tooke the staffe of perfumes out of the Kings hand and put it burning to his nose but he moued not 〈◊〉 shewed any feeling This done the voice said vnto him that seeing he had found the King so sleepie he should goe awake him and tell him what he had seene Then the Eagle by the same commandement tooke the man in hs talents and set him in the same place where he found him and for accomplishment of that which he had spoken he came to aduertise him They say that Moteçuma looking on his face found that he was burnt the which he had not felt till then wherewith he continued exceeding heauie and troubled In the foureteenth yeare of the raigne of Moteçuma which was in the yeare of our Lord 1517. there appeared in the North Seas Shippes and men landing whereat the Subiects of Moteçuma wondred much and desirous to learne and to be better satisfied what they were they went aboord in their Canoes carrying many refreshings of meates and stuffes to make apparrell vpon colour to sell them The Spaniards receiued them into their Shippes and in exchange of their victuals and stuffes which were acceptable vnto them they gaue them chaines of false Stones red blew greene and yellow which the Indians imagined to be precious stones The Spaniards inforning themselues who was their King and of his great power dismissed them willing them to carry those Stones vnto their Lord saying that for that time they could not goe to him but they would presently returne and visite him Those of the coast went presently to Mexico with this message carrying the representation of what they had seene painted on a cloath both of the Shippes Men and Stones which they had giuen them King Moteçuma remained very pensiue with this message commanding them not to reueale it to any one The day following he assembled his Counsell and hauing shewed them the painted cloathes and the Chaines he consulted what was to be done where it was resolued to set good watches vpon all the Sea coasts to giue present aduertisement to the King of what they should discouer The yeare following which was in the beginning of the yeare 1518. they discouered a Fleete at Sea in the which was the Marquise of Valle Don Fernande Cortes with his companions newes which much troubled Moteçuma and conferring with his Counsell they all said that without doubt their great and auncient Lord Queztzalâ—oalt was come who had said that he would returne from the East whither he was gone The Indians held opinion that a great Prince had in times past left them and promised to returne Of the beginning and ground of which opinion shall be spoken in another place They therefore sent fiue principall Ambassadors with rich presents to congratulate his comming saying they knew well that their great Lord Queztzalcoalt was come and that his seruant Moteçâ—ma sent to visite him for so he accounted himselfe The Spaniards vnderstood this message by the meanes of Marina an Indian woman whom they brought with them which vnderstood the Mexican tongue Fernande de Cartes finding this a good occasion for his entry commanded to decke his Chamber richly and being set in great state and pompe he caused the Ambassadors to enter who omitted no shewes of humilitie but to worship him as their god They deliuered their charge saying that his seruant Moteçuma sent to visit him and that he held the Country in his name as his Lieutenant that he knew well it was the Topâ—lcin which had beene promised them many yeares since who should returne againe vnto them And therefore they brought him such Garments as he was wont to weare when he did conuerse amongst them beseeching him to accept willingly of them offering him many presents of great value Cortes receiuing the presents answered that he was the same they spake of wherewith they were greatly satisfied seeing themselues to be curteously receiued and intreated by him To conclude the day after this Ambassage all the Captaines and Commanders of the Fleete came vnto the Admirall where vnderstanding the matter and that this Realme of Moteçuma was mighty and rich it seemed fit to gaine the reputation of braue and valiant men among this people and that by this meanes although they were few they should be feared and receiued into Mexico To this end they discharged all their Artillery from their Shippes which being a thing the Indians had neuer heard they were amazed as if heauen had fallen vpon them Then the Spaniards beganne to defie them to fight with them but the Indians not daring to hazard themselues they did beate them and intreate them ill shewing their Swords Lances Pertuisans and other armes wherewith they did terrifie them much The poore Indians were by reason hereof so fearefull and amazed as they changed their opinion saying that their Lord Topilcin came not in this troupe but they were some gods their enemies came to destroy them When as the Ambassadors returned to Mexico Moteçuma was in the house of audience but before he would heare them this miserable man commanded a great number of men to be sacrificed in his presence and with their bloud to sprinkle the Ambassadors supposing by this ceremony which they were accustomed to doe in solemne Ambassages to receiue a good answer But vnderstanding the report and information of the manner of their Ships Men and Armes he stood perplexed and confounded then taking counsell thereon he found no better meanes then to labor to stop the entry of these strangers by Coniurations and Magicke Arts. They had accustomed often to vse this meanes hauing great conference with the Deuill by whose helpe they sometimes obtained strange effects They therefore assembled together all the Sorcerers Magitians and Inchanters who being perswaded by Moteçuma they tooke it in charge to force this people to returne vnto their Country For this consideration they went to a certaine place which they thought fit for the inuocation of their Deuils and practising their Arts a thing worthy of consideration They wrought all they could but seeing nothing could preuaile against the Christians they went to the King telling him that they were more then men for that nothing might hurt them notwithstanding all their Coniurations and Inchantments Then Moteçuma aduised him of another policie that faining to be very well contented with their comming he commanded all his Countries to serue these celestiall gods that were come into his Land The
reprouing him for it and imputing cowardise vnto him he threw himselfe downe as aforesaid At which time the Mexicans had the victorie And thenceforth the Towne of Tlatilulco was subiect to the Lord of Mexico paying tribute and acknowledging subiection Axayacaci was very valiant and warlike in armes and was viciously giuen to women hauing had many wiues and sonnes he was also proud and warlike whereby all his subiects feared him extremely hee did maintaine and hold for good all the Lawes and Ordinances that his predecessor Gueguemotizuma had made according as hath beene mentioned in his Historie and hee continued the space of twelue yeeres in the said Lordship of Mexico at the end whereof he dyed and departed out of this present life A B C A twelue yeeres B Axayacaci C by armed force subdued these Townes following not as before expressed in picture Tlatilulco Atlapulco Xalatlanhio Tlacotepec Motopec Capulnac Ocoyâ—â—ac Quanhpanoayan Xochiacan Teotenanco Caliymayan Cinacantepec Tulucan Xiquipilco Tenancinco Tepeyacac Tlaximaloyan Oztoma Xacotitlan Ocuilan Oztoticpac Matlatlan Cuezcomatlyacac Tecalco Cuetlaxtlan Puxcauhtlan Alcuilizapan Tlaolan Mixtlan Cuecaloztoc Tetzapotitlan Miquizetlan Tamuoc Taupatel Tuchpan Tenexticpac Quauhtlan IN the yeere 1482. after the end and death of Axayacaci succeeded in the Lordship of Mexico Tiçoçicatzi sonne of the said Axayacaci and during the time of his raigne he conquered and got by force of armes fourteene Townes The said Tiçoçicatzi was very valiant and warlike in armes and before that he succeeded in the Lordship of Mexico he had done dangerous feates of valiantnesse in his owne person in the warres whereby hee obtayned the title of Tlacatecatl which they esteemed for a Title of great honour and estate and it was a degree whereâ—y that the Lordship of Mexico being vacant he which had the same degree and title succeeded in the place of the same Dominion of Mexico which title in like manner his Predecessors Brothers and Father and Grand-father had whereby they came to bee Lords of Mexico Also the said Ticocicatzi by the estate and authoritie of the said Lordship of Mexico had many Wiues and Sonnes which hee had by them and he was a graue and seuere man in commanding and was feared and reuerenced of his Subjects hee was likewise enclined to good and vertuous things and was good for his Commonwealth He commanded the Lawes and Statutes to bee kept and approoued for good that his Predecessors had amplified and kept since the time of Gueguemotezuma And he was zealous in punishing and chastning the euâ—ll vices and offence that his Subjects committed And so the Mexican Commonwealth was well ordered and gouerned the time of his life which was the space of fiue yeeres at the end whereof he dyed and departed this present life A B C A Fiue yeeres B Ticocicatzi C by armes subdued these Townes Tonahymoquezayan Toxico Ecatepec Zilan Tecaxic Tuluca Yancuitlan Tlapan Atezcahuacan Mazatlan Xochiyetla Tamapachco Ecatlyquapochco Miquetlan IN the yeere 1486. after the death of Tizizocatzi succeeded Ahuizozin brother to his Predecessor Tizozicatzi in the Signorie of Mexico And during the time of his Lordship he conquered by force of armes fiue and fortie Townes according as hereafter are pictured and named The said Ahuizozin was like to his Predecessor and Brother Tizizocatzi in valiantnesse and feates of warre whereby he got the title of Tlacatecatl which signifieth a great Captaine and from the same title he came to be Lord of Mexico The said Ahuizozin was by nature of a good inclination and giuen to all vertue and likewise in the course of his life hee had his Commonwealth ruled and gouerned well and he fulfilled and kept the Lawes and Statutes that his Predecessors had maintayned since the time of Gueguemotezuma And as the state of the Lordship of Mexico was brought to great Majestie and had the greatest part of this New Spaine subiect acknowledging their seruice and by the great and rich tributes which they gaue the said Mexican Lordship came to much renowme and mightinesse And he like a mightie and great minded Prince gaue great things and preferments to his seruants and he was temperate of condition and mercifull whereby his seruants loued him exceedingly and yeelded him great reuerence And likewise hee had many wiues and children by them because it was a thing adioyned to the Lordship and a point of great estate He was of a merrie condition whereby his seruants did feast him continually in his life time with great and diuers kindes of feasts and musick and songs and instruments as well in the night as in the day for in his place the Musicians and Singers neuer ceased with many Instruments of musicke The course of his life in that Signiorie was sixteene yeeres at the end whereof he dyed and passed out of this present life A B C A sixteene yeeres B Ahuizozin C conquered by armes the townes following Tziccoac Tlappan Molanco Amaxtlan Zapotlan Xaltepec Chiapan Tototepec Xochtlan Xolochiuhylan Cozaquanâ—tenanco Coçohuipilecan Coyâ—acac Acatepec Huexolotlan Acapulco Xiuâ—huacan Apancalecan Tecpatepec Tepechiapco Xicochimalco Xiuhteczacatlan Tequantepec Coyolapan Yztactlalocan Teocuitlatlan Huehaetlan Quanhxayacatitlan Yzhuatlan Comitlan Nanâ—zintlan Huipilan Cahualan Ystatlan Huiztlan Xolotlan Quanhnacaztlan Macatlan Ayanhtochiuitlatla Quanhtlan Cuâ—calcuitlapila Mapachtepâ—c Quauhpilolan Tlacoâ—â—pec Mizquitlan IN the yeere 1502. after the end and death of Ahuiçoçin succeeded in the Lordship of Mexico Motezuma Mexico was now growne into great Majestie Renowme and Authoritie and he by his grauitie and seueritie enlarged exceedingly the State and Dominion of Mexico yea a great deale more then his Predecessors Motexzeuma was the sonne of Axayaçaçi which had beene Lord of Mexico and before hee came to the said Lordship hee had the deserts of a worthy Captaine and a valiant man in warres whereby hee had the title of Tlacatecatl and so hee succeeded in the Lordship of Mexico as is before rehearsed and being in the said Lordship he did greatly increase the Mexican Empire bearing the rule ouer all the Townes in this New Spaine insomuch that they gaue and payed him great tributes of much riches and valâ—e He was feared very much of all his seruants and likewise of his Captaines and Principals insomuch that not one when they had any businesse with him for the great reuerence they had him iâ— durst for feare looke him in the face but that they held downe their eyes and their head low and enclined to the ground and many other extraordinarie respects and ceremonies they did vnto him for the Maiestie he represented vnto them not mentioned here for auoyding of tediousnesse After Mâ—tâ—zuma had succeeded in the said Lordship hee conquered foure and fortie Townes hereafter named and hee subdued them vnder his Lordship and Empire and in their acknowledging of seruitude all the continuance of his life they payed him many and great tributes as hereafter by their pictures and declarations is made manifest Moteçuma was by nature wise and an Astrologer and a Philosopher
by the Mexicans 1040 40.50 And in Peru 1045.50 Corrientes the Cape in the West Indies the distance from the Aequinoctiall 891.40 Cortez the Spaniard his strange attempts in Mexico 1023.40 His Acts there 1024. c. His valour See all the Page 1118.1119 c. Cosackes of Russia 766.30 777.40 They are Barkemen in Russia 243.20 Of the Law of Mahumet 240.40 Their Ciuill Warres 633.10 Fights with the Tartars ibid. Cosin Germans maryed in Norway when 656.40 Cosmos and Caracosmos a drinke of Mares milke how prepared by Tartars 5.30 A tribute of Mares milke for their Princes 5.50 The effects of Cosmos drunke by a Stranger 9.10 Cosmos wholesome for a hunger-sterued man 40.30 Cosmos flâ—st powred out to their Idols by the Tartan before themselues drinke of it 4.30.40 c. 39.20 Cosmos of white Mares no Subiect must drinke of 80.60 The Prince Sacrificeth with it on the 28. of August ibid. Cosmos the Christians of the Greeke Church hold themselues Excommunicate if they drinke it 9.50 10.30 And thinke themselues damned for it 10. They hold that and Carrion abominable as things strangled and offered vnto Idols ibid. 10. The necessitie of this Drinke keepes the Tartars from being Christians ibid. 30 Cosna the Riuer 525.40 Cotam the Prouince where 74.60 Cotan the Kingdome 311.50 Where 313.20 Cotayan Marble or Iaspar deare sold in China 362.20 Costa Rica the furthest part of the West Indies towards the North the extent of its Iurisdiction the Townes Mines c. 881 Costing Sarch is Noua Zembla 579.40 marg Cotton Tree described 106.20 Cotton great store of 70.10 Cotton Wooll growes like Apples 957.50 Cotton infinite store in China 381.60 Coulam 106. Christians Iewes mixt there The Commodities ibid. 10 Councell of Warre in Tartarie 68.40 Councellours of State enoblized in Russia 425.1 Some vsed onely for State and not for Councell 427.50 Their Names in Doctor Fletchers time ibid. Their Office Sitting dayes and houres 428.10 Countries betwixt Russia and Catay 799 Court of the Tartarian Prince 16.40 Court of the China Kings vayled vnto 392 Courtiers the vse of them 523.1 Courtship of the Tartars 88.60 Courtesie requited 219.1 Courtesie is the fifth Cardinall vertue 391.10 Cowes with lumpes on their backes 877.30 Cowes sung to at milking 57.40 Cow-hayre Garments in Russia 460.20 Cowes tayle for a Present 242.30 Crac a Fortresse of the Templers in the Holy Land 29.1 in marg Cranes of fiue seuerall sorts 80.30 Crane Feathers worne for killing of Tartars 629 Crasuoyare 248.30 Creatures of the same kinde differ in forme and qualitie according to their naturall places 990.40 Creation not heard of in China 397.1 Creeples how set to worke in China 276.1 Crimme the Land and Crimme Tartars they bee Mahumetans 232.60 Crim Tartars their Countrey 414.1 439.30 Crim Tartars inhabite the Taurica Cheâ—sonesus 632. Called Pâ—recop Tartars ibid. They inhabite the Countries of Moldauia Podolia c. Amongst the Turkes and other Natiues 633. Their Cottages Forts of skulls c. ibid. They ouerthrow the Nagayan Tartars Diuers of their chiefe Townes ibid. The chiefe Palace of their Chan 634.40 Their Sepulchers ibid. Their Countrey and the Commodities their Citie Crimum whence their name of Crims 635. Their Mint there ibid. They are the old Iauolgences How and when they came into Taurica 637.30 Descended from Cingis Chan their Nobilitie Princes and other notes of Policie and their subiection to the Turke ibid. Election of their Chans 638.10 The Princes younger Sonnes are called Soldans ibid. His Priuie Councell 637 40. 638.20 They learne Arabicke the education of their Children c. ibid. Their Religion Lawes without Lawyers no delayes c. ibid. No wranglers nor excessiue 639.1 Till not their Ground their Diet Liuing Seruants Merchants Tribute Ambassadours c. ibid. The Princes composition with his Neighbours ibid. 40. And with the Turke 640.1 Their Warres and what belongs to that ibid. 641. Their store of Horsemen their Armes redemption of Prisoners Stratagems c. 642. Discipline Ensignes Militarie rewards 643 Crim Tartars their Warres with Russia 439.30 The cause of their quarrell ibid. His Horse eates Oates out of the Russian Emperours Cap. 440.1 The times of his inuading the Russe ibid. 10 Their Fights Armes and Apparell like the Turke ibid. How they passe a Riuer their hardinesse subtilties ibid. A Storie of their deceiuing the Hungarians with their owne Seale 440.30 Their Seiges Stratagems and contempt of Death ibid. Desire of Captiues their prouision to carry them Their Religion Idols reuerence to their Princes Image Sorcerie Marriages Nobilitie Dyet and dwellings 441. They let their Horse blood and drinke it ibid. Their hords or wandring Cities 442.1 Their Frontiers Complexions Persons Speech Songs Archerie c. ibid. The seuerall sorts Tribes and appellations of Tartars ibid. 20. They naturally hate the Russe 451.30 And that hinders their Conuersion 460.60 Crimum a Citie of the Crim Tartars 635. The Storie of it ibid. Criminall matters how proceeded in in Russia 434 Crimson colour the deriuation of the word 442 50 Crying of Commodities about the streetes in China 209 Crit or Merkit Nestorian Christians in Catay 15.10 Crocodiles see Lezards They liue onely in hote Riuers slow Creatures their manner of feeding their battels with the Tygres Storie of an Indians killing a Crocodile 931.10.20 Crocodiles dispeopling the Countrey 872.50 Crosier Staffe carryed before the Bishops of Russia 447.1 Crosse much vsed in the Greeke Church 455.10 They signe themselues with it ibid. Which is their ordinary Thankesgiuing for Sleepe Meate c. They arme themselues with it and account it the chiefe signe of a true Christian ibid. They sweare by it in Controuersies ibid. Crosses of Chalke made ouer their Doores on Twelfth-day 455.50 Crosse vsed at the Ordination of Priests in the Greeke Church 447.50 Crosse the signe vsed at the Bishops benediction at a Coronation 421.10 Crosse the Muscouite Priests blesse withall 227. Vsed in Baptisme 229.30 Crosse carryed to Assemblies for Iudicature 667.40 Crosse kissed to end Controuersies 434.10 Where this Ceremony is performed ibid. This is their Corporall or booke Oath ibid. See Crucifixe Crosse made by the Nestorians and Armenians without Christ vpon it 13.50 32.10 Crosse Rubarbe and Holy-water how they cured a Tartarian Lady 32.40 Crosse aduanced for an Ensigne by a Tartar Prince The Iewes deride it Cublai Chan defends it 82.20 Crosse the Chinois expresse by the Character of Ten 400.1 Reuerenced by them 269.50 Crosses of Latton in the West Indies before the Spaniards came thither 875.20 Crosse a Constellation seene in the Indies Latitude taken by it but subiect to errour the distance from the South Pole 918.30 Crosses Iland described 475.30.531.1 Crosse Iland 223.50 Crosse Road in Greenland the Latitude 704.1 And variation of the Compasse ibid. 531.1 Crossing after the Iaponian manner 325.30 Crowes whose dung is liuing Wormes 993 Crownes sixe of the Russian Emperour 741.30 Crowne of the Kings of Peru 1055.1 Of
or Nut preâ—â—ly ripened 956.10.20 Plantations of the West Indies by the Spaniards 861.862 Plantan Tree of West India and his Fruit described it beares Figges 984 Plantius a furtherer of Discoueries 478.30 Plate of the Russian Emperours 742.1.749.1.20 Plate Riuer when discouered the course whence so called the Prouince of Plate the plentifulnesse of it c. 901.40 c. The Townes in it and their Latitudes Distances Soyles Commodities the Ports Points Iles Capes c. With their Latitudes the Indian name of this Riuer his mouth Latitude c. 902 Plate Citie in West India the Latitude 896.40 Plate Riuer encreases like Nilus the breadth and Latitude 934.20 Pleasures in China all end with eating 200 Plowing with Buffalos in China 294.60 Plutoes Image in China described 408.1 Poasts their manner in China 189.40 Podolia some places in it described 632 Poesie of China 370.60 c. Point Trust by Noua Zembla the eleuation 509 Polackes the naturall Etymon of them 439.30 Poland King written great Duke of Letto 765.50 783.50 King of Sweden 787.1 Poland spoyled by its owne Souldiers 790.30 Poland ouerrun by the Tartars 62.1 Policies of Boris to winne the people 745. 752.10 Policie maintayned best by Policy 746.40 Poles entreat a League with Russia and breake it 766.1.10.20 Their outrages in the Citie of Mosco 769.50 777.40 Poles what Townes they haue in Prussia 627. And in Liuonia ibid. Poles abet an Impostor of Russia and helpe him to attaine the Empire 756. Procure the Tartars to ayde him 767.10 Compelled to eate Mans-flesh 780.20 Policie of the Portugals to keepe out the Spaniards from the Philippinaes 285.40 Polygamie litigious 375.40 Politiques studied in China 343.60 Politie and Officers of China 183. c The persons of great Officers free they may commit any offending them to Prison They haue Pensions from the State 185. They take their ease in age with Dignity and their former Pensions 186.1 Pompions of West India their hugenesse 955. Whence they came to them ibid. 30. Marg. Ponchasi what in Chinese 913.50 Pongo strange water falls 934.1 Sir Iohn Pooles Voyage to Denmarke 780.10 Poore drowned in a Famine to saue Corne 739.50 Poore the prouisions for them in Iseland 666.20 667.1.10.20 Popayan Prouince in the West Indies the extent vnder the Aequinoctiall Soyle Mines of Gold Townes and their distances from the Aequinoctiall the people wiser then those of Peru 889.50.60 Christians in it temper of the Ayre Mines habites and Religion of some people Beasts distances of Townes Canibals 890. Other Townes People Soyles Riuers burning Mountaines Townes disinhabited Iles Capes Points c. 891 Pope of Iapon 324.20 Pope receiues the Iaponia Ambassadours 322.10 His answere to them ibid. Pope of Mexico 1033.10.50 His habite 1038. He cuts the Men to be Sacrificed 1048.20 Pope of the Tartars 281.20 His chiefe Sea ibid. Pope the Tartars belieued him to be fiue hundred yeares old Popes assistance of an Impostor in Russia to attaine the Crowne 755.60.768.50 The Pope disturbes the Emperour protects his Rebels whilst the Tartars breake into Christendom 62.30 The Emperour willing to pacifie him to expel them ibid. The Pope priuately rewards and conferres with the Tartars 63.20 Porcelane the sorts and manner of making 177.40 Porcelane 382.10 Porcelane where and how made 101.40 Porke the Dainties of China 197. 207.20 Porcupines where 73.20 Porta Ferrea or Derbent built by Alexander 12.50 Passage that way out of Persia and Turkie to Bulgaria 15.40 Porta Ferrea built by Alexander throwne downe by an Earthquake 55.50 Built with most wonderfull Lime ibid. 50. Gog and Magog shut vp in it 56.1 Broken by the Hunnes 56.40 Porta Ferrea described 48.50 49.10 Ports of Hispaniola their distance from Saint Domingo 862.40 Porters of Hell 274.50 Portugals their Trade in China 190. For Silkes and Muske ibid. In trouble 191. c Portugals in China reside at Amacao 319.30.315.10 Accounted naturall subiects but permitted their Religion ibid. And at Sancian 318.60 The Chinois iealous of them 319.20 Portugals brought vpon the Stage in China 406.1 Made odious for their habites ibid. Persecuted vpon a Witches answer ibid. A tumult amongst them ibid. Poasts in Tartarie their exceeding swiftnesse 87.30 Their Priuiledges 84.40 Foot Poasts ibid. Their great speed 311.1 Poasts-falling an omen of habitation there to be made 657.30 As ours of the Staffe-falling The custome of Norway Poast Horses in Tartarie the prouision for them 87.10.20 c. Lamb in the Tartarian signifies Poast-horses Potozi more of the Mountaine and the Mines the seuerall veynes and the great riches and the manner of the Discourâ—e 944.945.946 How they digge and refine the Siluer 947 Potosi the Citie and Mountaine of Siluer mines in the West Indies the Latitude Inhabitants 896.60 Signification of the Name richnesse of the Mines the Hill vtterly barren the forme and colour of the Earth bignesse c. 897 Pot in Russia the Ceremony of treading on it 230 Powder of Gold found in Riuers 892.1 Where most in quantitie ibid. Praying towards the East vsed by the Mexicans 1133.50 Prayers at a Coronation the forâ—es 420.60 Prayers said by the Priest more holy then vttered by the Laitie 448.10 Praying their posture in Mugalla 799.50 Precious Stone good against Thunder 47.10 Precious Stones plenty in Zeilan 104.20 Precious Stones much worne in Russia 459.460 Prechan the King of Cauchin-China 255.30 Priest of Mahometans his bloody stile 257 Priests how respected 27.20 Priests garments 196.40.50 Priests two sorts in China 196.50 Priests of Mexico how educated taught exercised corrected c. 1108. c. Priests in China shauen head and beard 319.50 Priests of the Mexicanâ— their Degrees Succession Offices Canonicall houres c. 1033.50 Vestments Incense Preachings Râ—uenues Consecration c. 1034. Their habite 1038.1.1041.10 Their two Vnctions 1043 Priests in Russia their Ordination 447.40 Shorne not shauen annoynted with Oyle and cloathed with the Surplesse and Crâ—sse their Office and numbers they may Marry once 447.50 Their maintenance benefit by Prayers for priuâ—te occasions 448.10 Their Offerings and other perquisites on the By ibid. Habite abroad and at Church ibid. Priests women Witches 283.20 Priests Wines their great reputation in Russia 448.1 Priests of the Tartars are Southsayers 43.50 Their description ibid. They haue one chiefe Priest ibid. His house at Court and Office ibid. Their maintenance ibid. Their Musicke in an Ecclipse like to the Corybantes 44.1 Their fee for purifying ibid. 10. Their practices 45.10.20 How the Deuill deludes them 45.10 Priests of the Russians Marry once 225.40 229.1 And haue Children 227.40 Differ onely in their Night-caps from the secular habite 229.1 Crownes shauen and their haire long ibid. Priests burnt for Sacrifice in Curland 628 Presents giuen by the Iesuites to the King of China 352.20 Presents sent by the Russâ— Emperour to the King of Altine 798.1 Presents demanded by the Altine of the Russe ibid. Presents sent to the Spaniards from China 306. 307.20 Presents in Baskets
by an Armenian Monke 32.40 37.50 Rubies where they grow mostly 104.20.169.40 One as bigge as a mans arme and valued at the worth of a Citie ibid. 110.10 Rubie that driues water from it 802 Rubble a Russian summe a Marke 452.40 Rubruquis the Frier his Iournall to the East parts of the World 1. His message to the Tartarian Princes Sartach 13.20 c. And to Baatu 17.10.20 c. His Iourney to Mangu Chan 18.1 Shaued himselfe in Tartarie 27.10 His Oration to Mangu Chan 27.50 His resolution to keepe company with Sorcerers 36 40. Examined at Caracarum 39.10 Rubâ—uquis his learned Discourse with the Saracens and his Conference with the Courtiers of Mangu Chan 40.50.60 His answer to Mangu Chan concerning his comming into his Countrey 41.10 His dispute with the Nestorians 41.30 c. Not suffered to stay in Tartarie 43.40 He departeth from Mangu Chan 43.50 His way from Volga into Persia 48.30 Returnes to Baatues Court 47.50 He gets his Bookes againe 48.20 His way from Euphrates to Tripolis 51.10 c. His aduice to his King concerning the Tartars 51.50 Ruck the Bird which carries away an Elephant 106.40 Ruffes or Bands not worne by the Ruffes 459 Ruggierus learnes the China tongue 320.20 In fauour with the Gouernour 320.40 Catechises at Amacao ibid. Sent to the Vice-roy about setling at Amacao 321 Fals sicke ibid. Obtaines a Charter for the Iesuites ibid. Returnes into China 327.30 Petitions the Gouernour but is commanded backe to Amacao 327.60 An Edict set vp against him 328.1 Procures a Charter of continuance in China ibid. 10. Returnes for supplies to Amacao 329.10 Baptises some 330. Sent to fetch Feathers for the King ibid. Goes with the Gouernour into Sciauchin ibid. Gets a House there 332.1 Much honoured there ibid. Makes forty Christians ibid. 20. Goes to Mount Vu-tan ibid. 40. Wronged by a false Conuert ibid. 333.10 Returnes into Europe ibid. 20 Rule to know natiue Commodities and Creatures the Indians had before the Spaniards comming thither 963.10 Run Iland one of the Orkneys 827 Russia of old called Sarmatia 413.40 Whence called Russia ibid. The bounds and Shireâ— 414.1 The length and breadth of it ibid. 20 A pleasant Countrey in Summer 415.10 Hotter then England ibid. Natiue Commodities ibid. 60. c. 416.10 It hath no Mines but Iron 417.60 The strange Creatures of it ibid. 418. The chiefe Cities 418.30 The Townes of strength 419.10 The foure Frâ—â—â—â—er Townes 427.10 Their woodden building 419.20 The foure great Iurisdictions and the gouernement of the Prouinces 426.1.10 The tribute payed by the Prouinces 429.1 The Towâ—es of chiefe trade ibid. The neighboure and bâ—rderers 439.30 The Church Gouernement 444. c. They depended vpon the Patriarch of Constantinople or Sâ—o ibid. Ruâ—sia the late alterations there since the Raigne of Iuan Vasilowich faminâ— and Sâ—â—rd there 738. The huge largenesse of the Empire 768.20 An Inter-râ—gnum and popular Gouernment there 782.50 In danger to bee diuided amongst diuers Lordâ— 789.50 Emperour of Russia His Dominions naturall and by Conquest 414. His Customes vpon Salt 417.40 Out of the Fishings 418.30 His tytle changed from Duke to King misliked and why ibid. 40. His Syrname 426.10 Hee deriâ—es himselfe from the Hungarians 419.40 c. Their first getting the Dukedome Volo 〈◊〉 420. Their first entitâ—ling themselueâ— Emperours ibid. Great Duke of Mosco 420.10 Manner of his inauguration ibid. His Stile repeated at his Coronation 421.30 His Gouerâ—ment ibid. 422 His absolute Soueraignty ibid. 〈…〉 all Offices ibid. His 〈◊〉 suffered to deale in Iustice ibid. 〈…〉 the Nobilitie 4â—3 50. His Councell of State 4â—7 40 His Customes and Reuenues 4â—8 30 The Receiuers of them ibid. His Fyâ—es 429.30 His 〈◊〉 429.50 435.40 His yearely income 430.10 Their pretences to impose Taxations ibid. 50. His ordinary Sacriledge and robbing of the Monasteries 430.60 431. A wretched policy of his to get money 431.1 Hiâ— tyrannicall engrossing of commodities ibid. Their vngodly cauillations 431.50.60 His Iealousie of Strangers 433.20 His expences to his Souldiery 435. He hath 80000. Hors euer in a readinesse 436.10 And of Foot twelue thousand ibid. Of Strangers 4300. his maintayning of his Conquests by Colonies 438. His old homage to the Tartar denyed 440.1 Holds the Patriarchs Horse bridle and hath a Pâ—â—â—ion for it 456.10 An earely riser his Morning deuotions 456.60 His salutations to his Empresse going to Church and giuing presence to his Nobility 457.10.20 c. Neither enteâ— nor lyes with his Empresse but when ibid. His Seruice at the table ibid. His after-noone recreations ibid. His houshold and great Officers 4â—8 30 Emperour of Russia his Funerals Mâ—â—rnings and Coronanation 740.741 c. 745.20 His Title 747.40 His glory State 748.30.40.50 His attendance on great Dayes ibid. 749. His title of Selfâ— upholder 755.60 Of Caesar 760.30 His title 765.802 Election of him by Lot 769. See Muscouian Emperour Russian tongue 〈◊〉 the originall Sclanoâ—â—an 433. The Character is the 〈…〉 433.30 Russians they care not to haue any thing before hâ—nd 417.432 Forbidden to drinke 〈…〉 sometimes 418 6◠〈…〉 422.60 432.10 435 The seuerall 〈…〉 423.40 They 〈◊〉 both within without 429.30 Great Drunkards 431.40 The 〈◊〉 dare not looke on a Gentleman 432 1◠〈…〉 common vnfencâ—â— ibid. 〈◊〉 most wretâ—hed conditiâ—â— liuâ—â—g at â—ome as in an Enemies Countrey ibid. 〈…〉 Trade â—3â— 1 〈◊〉 from being 〈…〉 trauellers ibid. 〈◊〉 borne can attaine no higher ibid. It is dangerous to exâ—â— their equalâ— ibid. Their Iustice and proceedings in Law 433. Their 〈…〉 4â—5 20 ◠〈…〉 Cowards 4â—7 â—0 They 〈◊〉 forwards backwards ibid. Better to keepe a Castle then in the field 438.40 Their deiectednesse being taken Prisoners 441.1 Counted double dealers by the Tartars 442.460 They haue preserued no Antiquities 444.40 When Conuerted to Christianity ibid. c. And Conuerted by the Greekes 445.30 Their errours in Doctrine 452.30 Their Scriptures in the Polonian tongue 453. They hold other Christians no better then Turkes why 455.30 They vsually sleepe after dinner 457.50 459.1 Their persons described 458.60 c. Dyet 4â—â— Why the Women are so tawny ibid. 10. Their husbands allowance for Painting ibid. The mens patience of heate and cold ibid. Their Apparell for men women ibid. 460. Their wits and capacities 〈◊〉 scorne to 〈◊〉 460.30 They are all tyrants to their Inferiours ibid. Their beggery desperate begging ibid. Their dissembling incredâ—lity ibid. Russians they date theâ—â— Letters from the yeare of the world 755.40 758. â—0 Their Language different from the Polish 761.30 They account the Romish Religion corrupt prophane 767.50.60 768.30 They Petition the King of Poland to make his 〈◊〉 their Emperor 789.10 And that they mâ—y enioy the priuiledge of his other Subiects their miserable inconstancy 790.10 They fall froâ— the Pole 〈◊〉 offer their Empire to the King of England â—bid 10.20 They elect their 〈◊〉 Son Emperour who stands 791. Their
where and how made 72.10 Spoone the Russian Nobility weare at their Girdle 459.40 Spots blacke seene in the via lacteâ— where 918.40 Spring of water which conuerts it selfe into a stone kils those that drinke of it 894.20 Another Spring conuerted into white Salt ibid. Spring of fresh water in the sea 997 30. On the top of a hot Spring ibid. Springs of seuerall vertues 933.20 c. Some congealing its owne water into stone Others sending forth Pitch Others becomming good Salt Some good for the French Poxe and why Another fuming out smoke some of the Colours of Inke or Bloud 933 Spring-tydes whaâ— 930.1 Spring why it comes on a sudden in very cold Countries 415.10 Squirrels that flye 418.1 Stad in Norway 518. The latitude 52â— 30 Staffe falling this way or that way Why of old accounted a direction 657.30 Stanfew harbour where 212.10 Starres begotten of the Gods 274 30. They dye when Starres fall ibid. Seuerall Stars worshipped by the Mexicans their â—dde conceits of them 1027.40 More and greater in our Northerne Heauens then in the Indies 918 20 Starres continually seene in the day time where and when 496 50 Start Iland one of the Orkneyes 810.10 The latitude States Iland 478.10 481.30 Many Hares there ibid. The Sea frozen there 482.10 Stealing one of the eight Commandements among the Tartars 443 10 Stealing how punished amongst them 79.30 Steele-glasses where made 72 Stephanoâ—etia or Iaffi the chiefe Towne of Walachia 633.1 Sticks instead of meate-forkes 180 201.30 Stock-fish instead of Money 616 40 Stone in Groneland to make pots which the fire cannot hurt 520.1 40 Stones mighty ones in a Bridge 294 40 Stones round and hollow and fowles hanged in them 600.1 Stone-workeâ— of the Indians 1056 1.10 Stones cast out of burning Mountaines in Groneland 610.40 They make Lâ—me and walls indissoluble ibid. Stone a disease vnknowne in China 391.50 Stone Disease a remedy for it 988.20 China good for it 953 60 Stones medicinable for the Spleene Mâ—lt Kidneyes and Flixe where 867.50 Storax where it growes 959.40 Stoues in Island the manner 663.1 And in Groneland 651.40 Strangers made Slaues in Tartary 443.10 Strangers not willingly suffered in Russia 433.10 Strangers prouided against in China 197.20 Why not admitted into China 268.10 The custome of China concerning them 39â— Strangers in China haue a Gouernour â—19 50 Why so suspected there 359.30 Strangers of what sorts are admitted China 399. Being once in must not goe out againe ibid. Stratageme a fine one of distressed Tartars 102.40 Another of theirs to finde the way in the darke 107.20 Stratageme of the Tartars against the Soldan 122.60 Stratagemes of the Crim Tartars vpon the Hungarians and in their owne Inuasions 440.30 50 Of Demetrius the Russiâ—n to rayse a siege 757.10 Of the Spaniaâ—ds to follow one another in the darke vnseene to their Enemies 983.20 Of the Mexicans 1016 50. A prety story vpon that 1017.1 Streame of Riuers still aboue and swift at the bottome 1056.30 Streets plâ—nked and not paued 419 10 Streight of land but eight leagues betweene the North and South Seas Streights Magellane are not Streights but broken Ilands Streights of Florida but imagination 929 Streight of Mecca or the Red Sea 252.50 in marg Stromo one of the Ilands of Farre 582.10 Students free from tribute 381 10 Sturgeons store and cheape in Russia 231.10 233.1 30 Style of the Russian Emperour his and his Subiects pride in it Quarrels for not repeating it all 421.40 50 Style ridiculous of the great Chans Letters 45.50 c. 46 Style of the King of China 254 40 256.1 258.40 260 20 Su-moal 40 Su in Tartarian is water Subo the Iland 285.50 Christiaâ—â— ibid. Sucana Riuer 224.1 Succuir the City described 164.30 Suceu in China another Venice 343.10 Described ibid. Sucheo in China the incredible trading there and tribute it payes 363.20 Sueui Hiberi the people in Tartaria not subiect to the Tartars 2.20 Sugar cheape in China 365.10 great store 411.20 Sugar-houses in China 270.20 Sugar how refined 101.30 Sugar-canes first carried to the West Indies 860.60 Suiskoy the Russe takes part against Demetrius the Impostor is taken and pardoned by him 757.40 Conspires against Demetrius kils him 763.10 His Oration to the Lords he â—s chosen Emperour of Russia 763.50 764.40 His care of the English ibid. His letters to King Iames describing his Predecessours Acts 765. Other writings of his name ibid. in margine Iâ—â—eighâ—s against the King of Poland ibid. 766.767 Cals himselfe Vaâ—lâ— Euanowâ—ch 769.10 Crowned ibid. Chosen by lot and the manner of it 769.60 Makes away the Nobility and consults with Witches Sends an Embassage into Poland to complaine and threaten Aided by the English and Sweden 770. 771. A second Impostor Demetrius sâ—t vp against him 770. Forsaken he renounces the Empire it giuen into the hands of the Pole who imprisons him in Poland where he dyes 780 Sumbreroâ—es vsed in China 394 40 Sumerkent or Astracan the Village vpon Volga in 46. degrees of latitude 48. marg Sumhepadan a Riuer 260.50 Summer and winter when they beginne and end in Brasill 903 40 Summer and Autumne not discernable in the Ilands of Barlouente and why 938.10 Sunne and Moone vsed for Engsignes by the Tartars 82.1.40 Sunne is the Chinois chiefe Deity 148.30 The King stiles himselfe Lord of the World and Child of the Sâ—nne 152.50 The Ceremonies performed to it by the Chinois before their Feasts 302.20 Sunne worshipped in Groneland 820.10 Adored by the Mexicans 1027.10 Pretily denyed by an Indian 1028.40 His Image 1032 Sunne seene both night and day in Noua Zembla where it beginnes to doe so 505.1 Sunne fiue Degrees 35. Minutes high at midnight 574. seuen degrees high in what heigth of the Pole 575.20 576.40 580 Sunne going downe North and rising North North-east where and when 596.30 Sunne but little aboue the Horizon in Winter where and when 494 20.30 Where it riseth and setteth there ibid. When it appeared no more there ibid. The Moone after that seene continually ibid. When the Sunne began to appeare againe 499 60. A Philosophicall discourse vpon it 500 Sunnes three foure Raine-boweâ— at once 483.10 Suoliâ—tan in Persia 70.50 Supererrogation beleeued in China 271.10 Superstitious Religion best agrees with tyrannicall gouernment 422 10 Surgouâ— Towne vpon the Riuer Ob what Nations trade thither 552.10 The Russian Emperours Customes of Merchants there for one yeare ibidem Surplâ—sse the Priests in Russia â—iâ—ested with it at their Ordination 447.50 And worne in Seruice time at Church 448 Swallowes found in the bottome of the Sea which reuiued at the fire 626.1 Sweden Villanage 631.10 They sell their Tenants Daughters for Salt ibid. Swiftnesse admirable in some Tartars 33.50 Swords of wood with edges of flint 1129.40 Their strength and making ibid. Sword-fish described 988.30 T TAbab a mightie Riuer 526 1 Tabasco Prouince in the West Indies the tribute of Cacao paid by the
was lame and that he was therefore so called Tamerlan his first warre against the Moscouite The Armie of the Moscouite The Armie of Tamerlan The order of Tamerlans Battell Quauicay if not Quinsay The Tartarian Exercises Tamerlan his Marriage with the great ChaÌ„s Daughter The scituation of the Citie of Samercand This may bee praysed in a Pagan and Infidell but not in a Christâ—â—n Prince Qui vb que est nusquam est He which is of all Religions is of none Hordas are the moueable populations of the Tartars A wall builded by the King of China This was as the Chinois report built before and perhaps now by age ruined which may be a câ—use Pole mentions them not and by this King repayred 100. yeares after Polos time In which space also the Chinois if this story be true had râ—couered part of their Empire conquâ—red before by Cublai A kind parting betweene the Father and the Sonne Samay made Gouernour of Sachetay in Tamerlans absence Tamerlan his Armie marching against the King of China The conspiracie of Calix against Tamerlan in his absence Good directions from Tamerlan Brore Axalla Many Christians Calix taken prisoner by Axalla Calix beheaded The ordinarie Garrison at Cambalu of 30000. Souldiers Tamerlan welcommed vnto his Armie with new and strange acclamation Tamerlan his Otation vnto his Souldiers vpon his going forward against the King of China The crie of the Souldiers vpon the Emperours Oration A wall builded by the King of China fortie leagues long Perhaps this was not the ancient wall of which the Chinois write but some other betwixt Cathay and those parts of Mangi which the Tartars hauing gotten in Pâ—los dayes might soone after lose and the Chinois recouâ—r the Tartarians stil holding Quinsay some other parts of Mangi or China as this storie iâ— wholly truâ— seemes to import The Prince of Thanais gayneth a Lord of the Mountains to doe the Emperor seruice Vauchefu The speech of the Mountaine Lord vnto Tamerlan Calibes Oration vnto Prince Tamerlan The Lake Hogeen Quaguifou Fiftie thousand men sent into China by a secret passage vnder the leading of the Prince of Thanais and Axalla A secret way found into China by the conduct of the mountaine Lord. Axalla ouerthrew the Chinois that kept the wall of partition Quantiou The custome of the Chinois in religion The Emperour wonne the wals of China The mountain Lord rewarded with great gouernment A good aduertiâ—â—ment for Generalâ— Axalla made Captaine generall of all the foot-men Paguinfou besieged Note these changes of state betwixt the Tartars and Chinois A great Suburbe wonne by Axalla in the night The situation of the Citie of Paguinfou The siege of Paguinfou The Citie of Paguinfou yeelded vnto Tamerlan vpon the death of their Gouernour Axallas choise Tamerlan his kind of godlinesse The King of China his magnificence The custome of the Chinois Tunicheuoy Pannihu Tiaucheuoy The order of the Princes battaile against the King of China The beautie and richnesse of the King of Chinas Armie Tamerlan his speech of the King of China The battaile betweene the King of China and Tamerlan The King of China wounded and taken Prisoner Tamerlans victory ouer the King of China Pannihu Tam. dranke no Wine The comming of the King of China prisoner vnto the Emperour Tamerlan 200. Cities A description of China Rhubarbe Tame or Tamin and Tamegius Quantou Burda Porchio Odmar set vpon the Kings Brother at the passing of a Riuer and slue fifty thousand of his men A stratagem An Embassage from the King of Chinas Brother vnto Tamerlan to treat for peace and the Kings deliuerance Conditions agreed vpon betweene Tamerlan and the Chinois Odmar lefâ— Gouernour of China for Tamerlan Tamerlan turned his fauouâ— vnto Axalla 200000. crowne of yeerley tent giuen vnto Axalla by Tamerlan The meeting betweene the great Cam and Tamerlan at the Citie of Cambalu in Cataio Axalla rewarded by the great Cam for his good seruice and faithfulnesse A message sent by Tamerlan vnto Baiazet The proud answer of Baiazet Heauy parting A notable saying of Tamerlan Tamerlan his dreame Tamerlan iourney against the Turke Tamerlan returneth from the conquest of China vnto Samercand Consultation about the way the Armie should take to the Turkes Empire Tamerlan his chiefest trust Bachu Tamerlan hunted by the way towards the Turke Baiazet marched vnto the siege of Constantinople The gouernmâ—nt Axalla did chuâ—e Notable iustice amongst the Tartarians The causes of Tamerlans warre against the Turkes A stratagem How Tamerlans Armie passed the night before the battell fought against the Turke Tamerlan his custome before a battell The manner of the march of the Turkish Foot-men The order of Tamerlan his battell What the Turks Ianizaries be Mamalukes Tamerlan his principall maxime of warre The battaile betweene Tamerlan and Baiazet Tamerlan his notable victorie obtayned against Baiazet wherein hee was taken prisoner Tamerlan his wisedome the cause of the victorie and wherein performed Baiazet brought before Tamarlan with his pride Tamerlan his saying of Baiazet The despairâ— of Baiazet after he was taken prisoner Baiazet Tamarlans foot-stoole to mount on horâ—eback Tamarlan his pollicie for â—o encrease his Citie Samarcand Axalla cruell against the Ottomans for the deliuery of Greece Presents sent by Tamerlan vnto the great Cham his Vncle. Tamerlan his vow vnto God Articles of a new agreemenâ— betweene Tamerlan and the King of China The magnificent Funerall of the great Cham of Tartaria Tamerlan his vertuous and chaste loue vnto his good Wife The young Prince made Couernour of Quinzai and ouer all the Countrey which seemeth to bee the North parts of China and perhaps in these times Nanquin was the Seat of the K. of China and Quinzai of the Tartar Can. Axalla appointed the young Princes Gouernour and authorised ouer all the Kingdomes of Tamerlan as Gouernour generall The King of China came vnto the Emperour Tamerlans Court and did sweare vnto him once againe obedience The meane apparell of Tamerlan * This battell for breuitie is omitted as is also the most part of the Booke The description of the Citie of Quinzay with the wonderfull situation thereof Tamerlan receiued with great magnificence into Quinsay with rich and rare presents The order hee tooke for his sonnes education Tamerlan his notable saying of succession in his Empire The Empresse deliuered of an other sonne at Samarcand in Parthia Tamerlan his recreations and notable saying thereof The admiration and exceeding loue the people of Quinzay did beare vnto their Emperor The nature of the people of Quinzay toward their Emperour Prince Axalla sent into China for to establish a peace there The meeting of Prince Axalla with the King of China at Pochio The resolution of the meeting betweene Axalla and King of China King of Chinaâ— brother succeeds The iustice of Tamerlan Tamerlan his great liberalitie Tamerlan his core of his reuenue The death of the Emperour Tamerlan Prince Sautochie proclaymed Emperor and signed dispatches Prince Sautochio nineteene
3000 Hâ—uses full of skuls China Charnel or Purgatorie The Deuils banner tryumphant in stupendious Serpents then which neither figure nor creature hath beene more abused to superstition as glorying of that his conquest Gen. 3. though a stronger then he repreâ—ented by the brazen Serpent Ioh. 3. hath taken the old Serpent and led captiuâ—tie captiue and brake the Serpents head which heere seemes intended with Ethnâ—ke vanitie The third strange Aedifice of Nacapirau the Iuno of China 140. Monasteries Tartarian crueltie Nunnes sacred to diuers Gods The Porters of Hell Iupiter or God of Rayne * Encostado à bumbordaÌ„o Golden statue of Nacapirau The fourth glorious Edifice 113. Chappels and their contents 1469. Candlestickes Indulgences Rich siluer Temple Lady Amidas Image Amida Chamberlâ—ine to Nucapirau as â—ris to Iuno a tale perhaps dâ—uised from that Raine bow couenant Gen. 9.15 as that which followeth from Gen. 3.16 A Nunnerie Hospitals for children How the poore children are placed to Trades * Span. Aminto Prouisiâ—ns for all sorts of poore Prouision against sterility and for the poore See sup cap. 4. §. 6. Royall reuenue how disposed The Iesuites also say the King cannot at pleasure dispense it Not to compare China with what we see here Admiranda Pequini * Minapau the Kings Palace the number of Eunuches perhaps is mistaken by the Printer the Span. hath 10000. one cipher lâ—sse Yet Pantoia saith that yeere when hee writ were chosen 3000. out of 20000. and in the Palace were 16000. Eunuchs Sects in 〈◊〉 Cuchimiocos Naustolins Trimâ—chaâ— Gizom Quansy Portugals quarrell Paritie a peace-breakeâ— Musick for the comfort of the dead Vasco Caluo See the former note §. 3. Newes of the Taâ—tariâ—n Armie and siege of Pâ—quim * Lançame Nauticor commeth to Qâ—ansy The Citie taken Nixiamco a China Castle assaulted The Tartars losse Mendez his vndertaking The Castle taken Lautimey State of the Tartarian Campe and Tent Royall The Guardâ— Xipatom Curious Throne The Tartar King His State His person Tartars lossâ— Consultation Siâ—ge of Pequim breakes vp The Kings returne into Tartaria Lançame Tuymican The Mogor is now much altered since that time Lord of India Caran A Marriage treated on betwixt the Caran and Tartar They depart from Tartaria Vzanguee An Vniuersiâ—ie Puxanguim Guns of wood Linxau Singuafâ—tur Temple and superstitions Monkes and Nuns châ—ste in the Deuils name Quanginau A Gentile Pope Lechune Idols Monasteries Rendacalem Xeinaleygrau Singapamor Lake or Cunabetee Ventâ—â—u Chiabata Ianguma Pumfileu Caleypute Tarem Xolor Comhay Huzamguee Magelane straights The second Voyage Villa Lobos The Deuil was worshipped Witches Spaniards hated in the Philippinas Spanish report of a Vision The Indians would not goe into Heauen because there were Spanish Souldiers Ciuit. Honey Cinamon Linseed Oyle * This I translated out of a Manuscript Latine which I found with M. Hak. Natiuity Port. Islas de los Reyes Islas Ladrâ—nes The Philippinas called also the Ilands of the Ponent or West Baia de Sibabas Gold Tandoia Camungo Tandaya Masagua Bohol Wicked policy an Indian pestilence which since hath infected others Moores coâ—â—nage Igla Subo See tom 1. l. 2. c. 2. This which followeth is taken out of Fray Iuan Gonzales de Mendosa his Spanish Relation of China is here much abbreuiated Manilla Limahon a China Rouer Where Limahon was borne Vintoquian a Rouer roâ—ed by this Rouer One hundred and thirtie great ships of Warre with forty thousand men Omoncon Illocos Fernandina 1574. Martin de Goyti slaine Guido de Labacates Gouernour A fort erected Citie burnt Pangasinan Pintados * Iohn de Salzedo who â—ucceeded Goyti and was Nephew to Michael Legaspi Limahon after three moneths siege escapeth Omoncon promisâ—th to carrie the Friers vnto China A good pretence The Friers names that went to China A token that fine cloth is esteemed Spanish bounty They departed towards China China Compasses diuided into 12. parts Chinois meane Mariners Sounding They leaue the worshipping of one Idoll to worship another Tituhul in the Prouince of Chincheo Tanfuso or Tansuso Ensignes to know the Loytias Board-licence The first landing of the Friars The vse of their banquets Wine of a Palme tree Captaine of fortie Ships Sergeants Tangoa China Women House of pleasure Stone-bridge Thriftie tillage Plowing with Buffalos Pasturage A thing to keepe away the Sunne High wayes Chincheo hath seuentie thousand housholds Faire Bridge A thousand ships in one Riuer They haue no vse of Castles Earthquâ—kes in this Countrey Rich Merchandise Triumphant Arches The Insuanto An Assistant Serpents knotted the Kings Armes Goodly sight The Palace State-ceremonie Great Maiesty The Insuantos person and entertaynment Vaine glory Boâ—sting Mortified Fâ—iers Spaniards feasted Table-rite A Comedy other sports The Viands Aucheo Megoa a great Citie spoyled by Iapanders Stratagem Admirable stone bridge Suburâ—s of Aucâ—eo Palace open once a day State Ceremonie Vice-royes state Lions the Armes of that Prouince perhaps this deceiued Pinto who mistooke them seeing them common on pillars c. to be the Kings Armes which were but of some places Totoc Cagâ—itoc Reports of Pequin called Taybin also and Suntiem Lanchin for Nanchin or Nanquin Seâ— Ricci Aucheo described Ordnance bad Thâ— Citâ—e 〈◊〉 noted Vnwholsome Inundations Vice-royes Feast Idolatrous rite to the Sunne Comedies Tomblers Taybin or Paquin diuâ—rsly called either by reason of diuers languages or because they giue appellaâ—iue names as the Tartars call the same Citie Cambalu that is the Royall Citiâ— thereto All things good cheape 111. Idols in one Chappell Three headed Image A woman with childe Vice royes iealousie Ampin People in greaâ— subiection A Portugall prisoner Taocay another Pirat taken to bee Limahon Suâ—pition of euill Omoncon and Sinsay at variance Generall consultation New-moone Musters Their actiuitie their Piâ—ces hearts are sayd to be naught Souldiers are punished Visitors entrance in state Manner of his Courts Superstition Parting complement Treasurer Presents To keepe away the Sun Superstition Plentifull prouision Luckie day Insuantos farewell Feast Ten moneths prouision Laulâ— Monsons Chautubo Gautin Kine and Horse Common-wealth Corchu Ancon A straight From the Philippinas to the China is 200. leagues A Tempest Coniuring against coniuring Inuocation by writing * See sup l. 3. c. 1. §. 2. I found this translat with Master H. Luzon Tioneg 30000. Chineses slaine in the Philippinas Two English ships on the coast of Chincheo iâ— China Iealousie of Strangers Danger of bringing ships to a China Hauen China ambition Iaâ—onian attempt Corea is vnder China China pride retorted Spanish Siluer carried to China * The English ships spoken of by Spaniards according to the mutuall hostilitie of those times Epist. Eman. Caruel 1599. Xatai and Xambalu for Catai and Cambalu Caygar A Course or Coâ—e is a mile and halfe and sometime two miles De Christ. expedit ap Sinas l. 5 c. 11 12 13. Ionic thes rer Ind. t. 3. c. 24. Athec Passaur Capherstam Saracens not admitted Ghideli Assault of Theeues Cabul A kind of Marble much valued
Of the great ordâ—r and diligence the Mexicans vsed to instruct their youth Chap. 27. See the picture story Colledges Their employments and trials The baine of Plantations is expectation of present and externall gain Plaies and dances Military games Idoll gamâ—s Exo. 32. a thing vsuall to Heathens as their Comedies c. maniâ—est Musicke Curious Dancers Great agility Sir Hen. Spelman Tenuchtitian Mexican Lords Tenuch chosen chiefe Lord. Mexico Colhuacan and Tenayncan subdued See the storie before in Acosta Tlatilulco subdued bâ—fore as Acosta saith the Mexicans were subiect to them Ticocicatzi Title Tlacatecatl that is Great Captaine Motezuma His weale and greatnesse Maiestie Conquests Wisdome and learning Lawes Many women some wiues some Concubines See before in Acosta and after in Gomâ—ra morâ— large relaâ—ions of Mutezuma in a wilde kinde of state and maiestie equalling in many things in some exceeding most Princes of the elder world First notice of the Spaniards Mutezumas death Turkey stones Cold. Turkey stones Cochinilla Gold Target of gold Emerald stones Amber Cristall Amber Cotton wooll Cristall Amber A kinde of Baptisme with the naming of their children Presentation in the Temple a Gomara his third part of the Conquest of the West Indies translated into English by T. Nicolas b Of this voyage Reade P. Martyrs fourth Decade and Gomara part 1. of all which followes in this Chapter P. Maâ—t Dec. 5. Gom. vbi supra and Cortes his owne large narration to the Emperour ap Ramus Vol. 3. Indian simplicitie Potonchon called Victory Spanish incurable sicknesse Note for fashion-mongers Zempoallan Panuco Vera Crux Bloudy Sacrifices Tlaxcallan a great Citie Chololla Store of Temples and deuotions Popocatepec a burning Hill Mutezumas religion a The like speech he had made at first to Cortes who easily wrought on that aduantage applying this Tradition to the Spaniards Cortes Narrat Mutezumaâ— death b N. di Gus. ap Ram. vol. 3. c Lit. P. Aluarado Dieg. Godoy ap Ram. vol. 3. d Relat. del Temistitan ca. * This part of Lopez was long since translated and published by Tho. Nichols I haue here in diuers places ameÌ„ded it by the Italian translation of Agostino di Craualiz for the Spanish originall I haue not Purgatory The solemne pompe wherewith Cortes was receiued into Mexico Mutezumas state and Maiestie Spaniards giue gawdy glasâ—e for gold and glory The Oration of Mutezuma to the Spaniards A strange opinion A louing answerâ— Mutezuma described Cin. Title Cin. Change of Apparell His Wardrobe His dietâ—rites Magnificent attendance His wiues Bare-foot seruice Musicke Iesters Plate Mans flesh State ceremonies Iesters and Players Games The Tennis play in Mexico God of the Ball. His Palace Twentie doores Three Courts Hals chambers wals c. Multitude of women His Armes hee after saith a Conie was his armes but this Eagle was generall to all the Mexican Kings Gryffon-tale A house of fowle which were only preserued for their feathers A house of fowle for hawking and other strange things White men Wild beasts Snakes c. Foules of prey Deuils den Store-houses Officers The Armory of Mutezuma Wood for Armes Wodden Swords with stone edges The Gardens of Mutezuma Note of a magnificent minde Houses of pleasure The Court and Guard of Mutezuma Great Vassals State-caution Tributes and subiection of the Indians to their King Pouerty of the Tenants See our picture booke Receiuers Tribute of mens labours Three sorts of Streetes It groweth also in Bermuda The name of Mexico Two Lakes one sâ—lt the other fresh Eâ—bing and flowing by the winde Some as Pairitius hence moued deriue the cause of the Seas flowing from the saltnesse Cause of the saltnesse 200000. Canoas The Market place of Mexico Order of Sellers The diuers wares Indian workemanship Gold-smiths artifices Victuall of diuers sorts Bartering The great Temple of Mexico Chiefe Temple described Two Altars Fortie towres Seuerall Temples to seuerall gods A strange doore Temple-halls Idoll-holes Bloudie walls Deuillish Priests 5000. residents The Idols of Mexico 2000. gods A wicked attyre A mad offering The Charnell house or place of 〈◊〉 mens Sculls Terrible spectacle The accounting of yeares The Indians beleeued that fiue ages were past which they called Sunnes The Coronation of the Kings of Mexico The ointment The opinion of the Mexicans concerning the Soule Nine places for Soules The buriall of Kings in Mexico The order of buriall of the Kings of Michuacan Iudges Painters Sergeants Prisons Witnesses and oathes Bribery Murther Theft Disguise of seâ—e Duels capitall
Tanguth in the entrance of the State of Grand Can who said he was called Daimiâ— Can and sent his Officers to the gouernment of the said Cities which are the first toward the Muslemans and are Idolaters He went thither with a Carauan which went with merchandises out of Persia and from the places adioyning to the Caspian Sea for the Regions of Cataio which Carauan they permit not to pierce further then Succuir and Campion nor any other Merchant therein except he goe Ambassadour to the great Can. This Citie of Succiur is great and populous with faire houses of hewen stones after our manner and hath many great Temples with their Idols of stone It is situate in a Playne where runne infinite Riuolets is abundant in victuals of all sorts and yeelds silke there made of the black Mulberies in great quantitie hath no Wine growing but they make a drinke with Hony as it were Ale Of fruits by reason the Countrey is cold there grow none but Peares Apples Apricocks Peaches Melons and Cucumers Hee said that Rhubard of this commoditie Memet had brought great store at that time to Venice growes all ouer the Countrey but the best in certaine high stony Hills neere adjoyning where are many Springs and Woods of diuers sorts of high Trees and the Land is of a red colour and by reason of many Raynes and Springs almost alway myrie He shewed out of his bosome a picture of the Plant brought out of the Countrey which Ramusio in his Preface to M. Polo hath also presented with this discourse the description of which is this The leaues he said are ordinarily two spans long more or lesse as the Plant is in bignesse narrow below and broad aboue downy with as it were small hayres in their circumference the stalke or trunke is greene foure fingers high and sometimes a span from the ground the greene leaues with age grow yellow and spread on the ground In the midst of the trunke growes a thin branch with flowres fastned within like the Mamole violets in forme but of the colour of Milke and Azure and greater then those violets of a noysome sent The roote within ground is a span or two long of a tawny colour in the barke some as bigge as a mans thigh or legge out of which grow little Roots or Sprigs which spread in the ground and are cut away from the great Roote which within is yellow with many veynes of faire red full of red and yellow juyce cleaning to the fingers and making the hand yellow and being cut in peeces the viscous juyce issueth out and the roote becomes light they lay them therefore on boords turning them vp and downe diuers times a day that the juyce should incorporate therein lest it lose the goodnesse after foure or six dayes hanging them to drie in the winde where the Sunne may not come at them being in two moneths drie and perfect They ordinarily take it out of the ground in the Winter the vertue being then most vnited in the Roote the Spring there beginning at the end of May which at other times is dispersed into the leaues and flowers that juyce also being gone and the roote light and hollow They sell one of their Cart lodes of Roots with leaues for sixteene siluer Saggi not much vnlike ours for they haue no Coynes but make their gold and siluer in small thin rods and thence cut peeces of a Saggio weight which in siluer is twentie Soldi Venetian and in gold a Ducket and halfe He said that they would not gather it if forren Merchants should not come to trade for it themselues making no reckoning thereof and that the Merchants of China and India carry away the greatest part who if they should cut and dresse it as before is expressed after it is brought in Carâ—s in foure or six dayes it would corrupt and seuen burdens greene hee said would not yeeld aboue one drie When it is greene it is intolerably bitter and in Cataio they vse it not for medicine but beate and mixe it with other odoriferous compositions for perfumes to their Idols In some places there is such store that they burne it dryed in stead of wood others giue it their crased horses so little doe they esteeme it in Cataio But there they much prize another small Roote which growes in the Mountaines of Succuir where the Rubard growes and call it Mambroni cini very deare vsed for diseases those specially of the eyes nor did he thinke any of it was brought into these parts He said also that in all Cataio they much vse the leaues of another herb which they â—all Chiai Catai which growes in a place of Catai called Cacianfu They boyle it whether new or drie and taking off a Beaker or two of that decoction fasting as hot as can be borne takes away the Feauer payne of the Head or Stomack Back Ioynts and other diseases especially the Gowt and it is good for digestion They vse to carry it with them in their Voyages and will giue a sack of Rubarb for an ounce of Chiai Catai And the Cataians say that if our Merchants Persians and Frankes knew the goodnesse thereof they would buy no Rauend Cini so they call Rubard I asked him of his Voyage from thence to Constantinople and hee answered mee by Mambre our Interpreter that hee returned not that way he went with the Carauan by reason that the Greene-head Tartars called Iescilbas sent an Embassador at that time when hee was to come away with a great company by the way of Tartaria Deserta aboue the Caspian Sea to the great Turke at Constantinople to make a league against the Persian their common enemie Whereupon he thought good to come with them and so did to Caffa I asked of the way he went He said he should haue returned from Campion to Gauta in six dayes eight Farsenâ—s each of which is three Italian miles are a dayes iourney but on the Hils and Desarts they goe not halfe so much from Gauta to Succuir in fiue dayes from Succuir to Camul in fifteene here the Musulmans or Mahumetans begin from Camul to Turfon is thirteene From Turfon they passe three Cities Chialis ten dayes iourney thence after that Cuchia other ten and after that Acsu in twentie From Acsu to Cascar are other twentie dayes all rough Desart all the former way being thorow places inhabited From Cascar to Samarcand are fiue and twentie dayes From Samarcand to Bochara in Corassam fiue from Bochara to Eri twentie from thence to Veremi in fifteene from Veremi to Casbin in six thence to Soltania in foure and thence to Tauris in six dayes Now for some particulars of those places he related that Campion is subiect to Daimir Can great Emperor of the Tartars the Citie placed in a fertile Playne all cultiuated and abundant in prouisions They are apparelled in black Cotton cloth furred in Winter with skins of