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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A40104	The history of the troubles of Suethland and Poland, which occasioned the expulsion of Sigismundus the Third, king of those kingdomes, with his heires for ever from the Suethish crown with a continuation of those troubles, untill the truce, an. 1629 : as also, a particular narration of the daily passages at the last and great treaty of pacification between those two kingdomes, concluded at Stumbsdorff in Prussia, anno 1635 : concluding with a breife commemoration of the life and death of Sr. George Duglas, Knight, Lord Ambassadour extraordinary from the late King of Great Brittaine, for the treaty above mentioned / faithfully couched by J. Fowler ...	Fowler, J. (John); Sweden. Treaties, etc. Poland, 1635 Sept. 12.; Poland. Treaties, etc. Sweden, 1635 Sept. 12.	1656 (1656)	Wing F1731; ESTC R42031	226,818	260

it's neighbouring bounds which kept firme therunto and would not admit of a Newtrality with the Suethes albeit they had been once if report err not upon a Treatie For which their fidelity they have since obtained no small priviledges from that Crown prejudiciall not onely to the Neighbour Cities as that of Elbing where formerly the English Merchants of the Eastland Company had a flourishing residence but also to those Merchants and their Nation in the point of trade by their Stample upon all wollen cloaths imported to be dispersed through Poland which Monopoly hath been and is no small greivance unto that Society Neither hath that yoake been taken off notwithstanding Englands merits towards that Crown and the intervention and earnest Solicitation of Englands Ambassadors and other Ministers as will hereafter further appear But returne we now to what is yet remaining that so we may proceed unto the promised Treatie The Polanders as hath been said being wholly on the losing hand and having other ancient constant enemies as the Turk and Tartar and the Russian no assured friend to cope withall besides the Sueths a Peace or if that could not be a truce was mediated Neither was King Gustavus reluctant thereunto as having then a designe upon the main body of the Roman Empire as well to revenge the Injuries he pretended to have received from the Austrian Family for aiding the Polander against him as to assist and succour the all-most totally oppressed Protestant Princes of Germany sundry of whom were his Allaies and who had secretly re clamed his power for their Protection GVSTAVVS ADOLPHVS D. G. SVECORVM GOTHORVM ET VANDALORVM REX MAGNVS PRINCEPS FINLANDIAE etc. The Most Illustrious Puisant and Victorious Prince GVSTAVVS ADOLPHVS by the grace of GOD. King of the Swethens Goths and Vandals great Prince of Finland Duke of Esthonia Carelia Lord of Ingria c sould by P Stent Tho Cecill sculp The King of France deputed the Baron of Charnace The Elector of Brandenburg also had his Ambassadors there and by the Mediation of those publike Ministers interposing the Authority of their Potent Principalls a Truce was upon the sixteenth of September 1629. concluded between those jarring Crownes upon the tearmes that the Curious may see in the Articles themselves long since exposed to publike view and not necessary to be here inserted Before the expiration of this Truce King Sigismundus paying the Debt that all men owe to Nature left the Polanders free to a new Election and three Sons the Princes Vladislaus and Casimir the name of the third Brother I remember not to the hopes thereof Also one Daughter Which three besides their mutuall relations of Brothers and Sister by the same Father might also be said to have been Cousin Germanes to each other by their respective Mothers who both were Sisters to the then Germane Emperour King Sigismundus after the decease of the elder whom he had first married Espousing also the younger by Papall dispensation The more Superstitious and Jesuited Faction which there is very powerfull in prejudice of the accustomed way of Elective Succession to that Crown would have baulked Vladislaus the elder howbeit not for want of merit but as by them conceived to be more favourable towards Protestanisme then they desired and would have chosen Casimirus the younger at present their King by his Brothers decease whom they thought as having amongst them received his Education would prove more inclining toward them but were vigorously opposed by the Illustrious Prince Christopher Radzivill Duke of Bierze and Dubinskie Palatine of Vilnen and great Generall of Lithuania who is said to have brought five thousand Horse to that Parliament a prevaling Argument by whose meanes the elder Prince obtained his Elective Right and was Crowned by the name of Vladislaus the fourth He was a Prince of great Courage and Vigour both of mind and body and inherited not only his Fathers pretensions unto his Hereditary Crown of Suethland but the fame desires for its recovery and hatred against the Detainer thereof Nor is it likely but that upon the terminating of the truce currant he would willingly have entred into a War for the re-gaining of the Right devolved unto him from his Paternall Ancestors had not the States of Poland shewed themselves more willing to a Treatie as having been but late before engaged against the Russian from whom he had gained the Citie and Dukedom of Smolensko with other Territories as also against the Turke and Tartar whom by the losse of two set Battels he had forced unto tearmes of accommodation by means wherof the Crowne of Poland had sustained a vast Charge with other Inconveniencies incident and might therfore require a time of breathing Yet not withstanding they also raised a powerfull Army to countenance the Cause and not without resolution for a vigorous Engagement in case the means used for obtaining a Peace or longer Truce should have proved uneffectuall It is certainly much to be lamented that the Spirit of Discord hath so much power over the minds of Christian Princes as that their Emulations and Dissentions which are the steps whereby the Othoman Empire hath mounted unto its present formidable height should be rendred perpetuall to the prejudice of Christendome the reproach of the Christian Profession and the advantage of insulting Infidells as then it did for the Polish Army at that time had the Turkish Forces at such a bay as that the great Generall of Poland Kaenigspolskie in the hearing of this Relator afterwards told the Ambassadour of Great Brittaine that but for the difference like to ensue between the two Crownes of Poland and Suethland by reason of the then neer expiring Truce hee would have convoyed those Miscreants unto the Gates of Constantinople but leaving this digression As the Crown of Poland might be not unwilling for the reasons pre-alledged to admit of Peace so likewise may the Suethes be conceived not to have been averse thereunto as having lost their Coesar in that famous Feild of Lutzen and being still engaged in the Germane War their Forces were then in decadence constrained to retire toward Pomerania and to keep a long the Sea Coast So as both parties being apparently willing a second Treaty was consented unto and those Princes who had assisted at the former as also the States of Holland were by the interessed Crownes invited to resume the Mediatoriall Office whereunto none of them being backward no more then to contribute their endeavours for a Worke so pious and beseeming Christians Sir George Duglass Knight Ambassadour from the late King of Great Brittaine Claudius de Mesme Baron D'Avaux from the King of France the Prince Sigismundus of Brandenborg Uncle to that Elector from his said Nephew with others of the Electorall Counsell as also Ambassadours from the States Generall of the united Provinces did accordingly howbeit at severall times as opportunity by reason of distance of places would permit meet in Prussia the

Province designed for the Treaty with the Commissioners from the fore-mentioned Crownes where each unfolded his utmost abilities for the composure of all differences by most powerfull and rationall arguments and as formerly interposed the Authority of their respective Princes and Principalls to bring the gauled minds of the parties whom a long continued Enmity had rendred in a manner implacable to a condescention for a finall peace or at least a Truce for so long a term as might indeed give some considerable ease to those Countries already so much exhausted by former Wars which is the Treaty formerly promised then which none at least in those parts did ever produce difficulties more numerous knotty or frequently tending to absolute rupture The Succinct and true relation whereof is next to be proceeded unto The Pourtraicture of the most renowmed Vladislaus Sigismundus King of Poland Great Duke of Lithuaniae etc etc sould by P. Stent R E scul THE TREATY OF PACIFICATION Upon the fore-related TROVBLES Concluded in the yeare 1635. BETWEEN The Most Illustrious and Puisant PRINCES ULADISLAUS the fourth KING OF POLAND Great Duke of LITHUANIA c. c. AND CHRISTINA AVGVSTA QUEEN OF SUETHES GOTHES and VANDALS Great Princesse of FINALND c. c. Faithfully related by J. F. an Eye-Witnesse of the daily Passages LONDON Printed for Hen Twyford and Tho Dring 1656. Christina Queene of Swethland Goths Vandalls sould by P Stent R Gaumond fecit A BRIEF RELATION Of the Passages at the Treaty OF PACIFICATION Between the CROWNES of POLAND AND SUETHEN Concluded at Stumbsdorff in Pruissia in the Month of September 1635. The Sueo-Polonian Treaty of Pacification HAVING already shewed the Alliance and ensuing Controversie between the jarring Crownes and Kingdomes of Poland and Suethland and hinted at the mischiefs following the same as also at the sixe yeares Truce concluded An. 1629. and expiring in July 1635 for the preventing whereof a second Treaty for a finall Peace or longer Truce was set on foot the particular passages thereof as formerly promised we now enter upon The mediating Princes and States were the late King of Great Brittaine the King of France the Elector of Brandenburg with the States Generall of the united Provinces by their respective Ambassadors But here before we enter upon the main difference it will not be amiss to mention those things which to Some may seem of lesser moment as the Procuratoriall Letters of the Commissioners from the interessed Crownes the reciprocall Instruments of security Acts usuall in Treaties of that nature which neverthelesse took not up lesse of time but caused even more trouble to the Mediators then the businesse it self in reconciling the differences about Titles mutuall suspitions of advantage or prejudice between the interessed parties afterwards the main businesse in order according to the severall meetings and conferences shall be faithfully and briefly related The first of the more remote Mediating Ministers the Electorals being but neer Neighbours comparatively who arrived at Dantzig was Sir George Duglas Knight Ambassador from the late King of England his repaire thither after a long and tedious Winter Journey from Franckfort on the Main accompanied w th all the inconveniencies of waies weather incident to that Season besides the almost daily passing through one or other part of those opposite Armies which then miserably infested Germany was about the ninth of January 1634. His Lordship understanding that the Commissioners for the Crown of Poland had their residence at a little Town called Morung in Prussia forthwith dispatched Letters to the Lord Chancellour Zadzicke chief in the Commission to certifie his arrivall as he also did to the Commissioners for Suethen at Elbing and to crave their opinion whether it would be more necessary first to go and salute the King of Poland then at Warsaw or to hasten towards the place nominated for the Treaty being a Town in that Province named Holland The Chancellours answer was congratulatory as well in regard of his wished safe arrivall as in consideration that his Master the King of Great Brittaine out of his sincere affection to their King and State had delegated him to this Treaty which he wished might prove auspicious for the diversion of the Tempest then likely to fall between them and the Crown of Suethland He likewise wished that his Lordship had arrived during the King of Polands late being at Dantzig where he might without further trouble to his person have acquitted himself of what his Master had committed unto him and accordingly have received a Princely answer but that forasmuch as the trouble and distance of the waies had hindred his sooner coming into those parts he believed there was no necessity of undergoing the like molestation by a new journey to his Majesty to whom it would be most gratefull if his Lordship should first repaire to the place appointed for the Treaty there by his Masters authority and his own endeavours to effect those things that might be conducing to the matter in hand and to their Princes dignity Lastly He wished that his Lordship having refreshed himself some time might come in safety to the place of meeting concluding with offers of Service and Curtesies in such cases accustomed By way of Postcript he added that at the instant of signing those Letters he was certified by their Subdelegates that the adverse party had altered some things formerly agreed upon complaining that almost daily from the 12th of that present month whereon they began to handle the Preparatories the other side had done nothing but protracted time by propounding new conditions which course if they should longer persist in themselves should be constrained having first solemnly protested before the Mediators to depart thence and commit their King and Countries cause to the Divine Justice I have given this Letter at length to shew in what state the businesse was and how far advanced when his Lordship arrived in those parts but shall not in the course of this relation insist so particularly on each of the severall Letters that passed between his Lordship and the respective parties My intention being to use as much brevity as the necessary circumstances of the Treatie will permit And here by the way is to be noted that the answer from the Commissionners of Suethland to his Lordships Letters was not lesse courteous nor lesse stuffed with complaints then the other The treatie had already taken commencement from the Alternal Security as the Basis and ground work of the maine affaire to which end the Commissionners of Poland and Suethen had sent their Subdelegates those Christopher Lode and Daniell Nawarousky Secretaries these John Necodemie of Ahausen Commissarie for Prussia to Holland a small Town nominated to be the Mansion of the Mediators and the place of meeting for the parties to settle and draw up a particular instrument of the security aforesaid between whom after much debate and many mutations on

to thrust ones Sicle into another mans Harvest and to meddle with things that properly belong to the State and Orders of Suethland who have never had ought in more or more ancient estimation then their fidelity and obedience toward their Kings and then whom it concerns none more that the right forme of Government should not be changed and if it were to have it restored The Sudercopian Parliament was convened by his Highness to whom with the Senators the King had committed the kingdome Not upon light grounds as the Ambassadours may have partly perceived by the Acts for it was necessary to call a Parliament neither was ought therein concluded derogatory to the regall Dignity or to the Patriall Rights nor were new Laws enacted but the old put in execution That which preserves tranquility of Religion generally received in a kingdome which executes the Laws abolisheth civill dissention establisheth the regall Oath and the hereditary Covenants doth more confirme then weaken the Regall Rights No man therefore will doubt but that his Majesty vvill have it unviolably observed and will thinke nothing can more conduce to the illustration and amplification of his Dignity It was called for his good not for sedition or disobedience neither was it unwitting to him for hee had been certified of the motives by Artizouskie in August preceding he protested indeed but the thing was done The power of calling Parliaments is knowne to be in the Supreme Prince when within the Kingdome but if otherwise it hath never been observed that Treason was imputed if they to whom the Government was committed did call a Parliament in the Regall absence so long as nothing was acted contrary to their Faith and Oath given This Kingdome hath some Presidents as in the times of Christian the first and John the second when the effects of the Regall Oath began to languish which may easily happen in the Kingly absence Forraign examples are not wanting nor argumentative proofs of the best learned in Politicks many years past as well of the Roman as of our Religion that the King being absent Parliaments may be kept without derogating from Majesty According to Cominaeus they swarve from the Law of Nations and the custome of their Ancestors who plot to root out the most laudable institution of celebrating common Counsels the greatest strength and establishment of a Kingdome Under Edward the second of England Charles the eighth and Lewis the eleventh of France and these also are Hereditary Kingdomes Parliaments have been called the King present In Germany it is no new thing for the States to convene against the Emperors mind and it is yet fresh in memory that the like hath been done in Poland the King even this Sigismund the third not only unwilling but also prohibiting and protesting against it which is not here mentioned to accuse others for all men have judged Parliaments to be lawfull when publikely called for weighty causes and not contrary to the good of King and Kingdome albeit against his mind being absent Confederacies opposite to the Regall Dignity Praeeminencie and Rights have not been undertaken as is unjustly objected Such savour of Sedition which never entred into the thoughts of the Suethes Conspiracy is close treacherous distructitive to King and Country but Parliaments are lawfull and do fortifie both It is therefore Illegall to taxe the Suethes of treason for so convening when as the same appeares not to be forbidden them by any Law but unto Kings is not permitted to Enact Lawes without the Peoples consent no more then to governe the people contrary to the Law and without the assent of the Senators The more weighty inducements to that Parliaments indiction were the publike Debts the unpaid stipends of the Soldery whose Military Vertue is not unknown to any the setling of Dowries whereunto extraordinary collection was necessary which by the Lawes of Suethland the King himself when present cannot compell without a Parliament His Majesty was absent whose part it was to cleere the debts of his Father and the Kingdome which cannot stand safe without salving the publike Faith Another motive was that in the Form of Government prescribed severall things seemed wanting in conformity to the Lawes and Regall Oath whereunto the Orders of the Kingdome conceived they ought to adhaere the more constantly by reason of discords about Religion which were not when the right of Hereditation was conferred upon the Regall Family To the said Form the Senatoriall Votes were also requisite without which the King is by our Laws forbidden to settle ought of the Kingdoms more weighty Affaires These reasons may suffice for the calling of that Parliament albeit more might be given Let us now discusse the heads of what was therein concluded It is reputed treason that some are removed from Office that the Regall Letters receive not due regard that appeales to the King are prohibited with sundry others To all which articulate answers shall be made that so the innocency of the Suethes may appeare to equall minds That some are reduced is not denied and if the Ambassadors were acquainted with the reasons not unjustly for some could not be admitted to beare rule without infringing the Regall Oath Others refractory to the publike peace had like members lost from the body not only separated themselves from the Sudercopian Decree but from others also of greater antiquity which had been by Regall Oath confirmed not without suspition of innovation which is mostly studied by such as esteem nothing more then to be pleasing to the Supreme Majestrate without discerning what is just and commodious for the Common Weale and so to grow upon the ruines of others yet these are permitted to enjoy the benefit of the Lawes and ordinary Priviledges It is moreover to be considered that the more honourable Offices of this Kingdome cannot be immediatly rightly conferred by the King howbeit fixed within the Kingdome unlesse that first if One be to be admitted into the Senatoriall Counsell if into any other great Office the Provinciall Votes have conceded to One of Three Neither can Judges the King even present be otherwise appointed But he remaining out of the Kingdome by his Vice-gerent which Office the Kingdomes Sewer as they here term it did anciently by vertue of a certain Law discharge in the Regall absence This is testified by the Laws themselves by the priviledges of sundry Kings and famous Constitutions of the Kingdome for above five hundred years as also by the union of these three Kingdomes in the Raignes of Queen Margaret and of the Kings Ericke Christopher John the second and Christierne the first and second Come we now to the point of appealing It is not unknown to any that the most High God hath Instituted the Supream Magistrate for a Sanctuary and refuge to the oppressed So that appeales to the King and to those that beare rule and such as the King hath appointed as chief in his absence are lawfull even by the

to the Mediators drawn up in Substance as followeth That whereas the late truce for six yeares between the high and mighty Princes and States the Kings and Kingdomes of Poland and Suethen or Viceversa was now almost expired and that the Treatie of Pacification happily begun could not in that scantness of time attaine a wished issue the Ambassadors of the Mediating Princes and States had thought good to propound to each of the Parties a Prorogation of the said Truce Whereupon the foresaid Truce for six yeares remaining in full force and vertue in all the circumstances and clauses thereof the Commissioners of either Party had consented as they doe by these presents consent and agree unto a prorogation of the said Truce untill the first day of August September November next ensuing that in the meane time by the intervention and industrie of the Mediators the present Treatie for an entire and perfect Peace might by Gods assistance be happily finished And it was also hereby enacted that during the said Prorogation no acts of hostility should by either of the Parties be used or permitted to be used toward the other for the greater assurance and better observation whereof the Commissioners deputed from either of the Parties together with the Mediating Ambassadors had signed and sealed the same the eighteenth day of June 1635. The Ambassadors of the States Generall undertooke the care of sending this instrument to the Suethes by their Secritary for Signature they being still at Jonas dorff who promised to returne it the next day by their Subdelegate in perfect mannner Here by the way we may touch that the end of the Sequestrations approaching certain places of Prussia as Marienburg Stume Lochstadt c. which had been during the six yeares Truce entrusted by way of Sequestration into the hands of the Elector of Brandenburg were to be restored unto the Suethes the 12 23 June as also the Memeln and Brunsberge by them to his Electorall Highnesse within three dayes after the Marquesse Sigismund with the other Electorall Ministers as also the rest of the Mediators began to consider of some new residence Risenberg a little Towne in Prussia the Ducall was pitch't upon whereupon the Marquesse Sigismund taking leave went thether the same day Yet here may not be omitted that the Commissioners of Poland insisted earnestly against the exchange of Sequestrations affirming the same to be Ipso facto a breach of the Treaty and as it were a Summons to the War if made before the Treaty were finished and in their favour the Mediators chiefly his Lordship endeavoured what they could yet could not perswade the Suethes to hearken therunto But let us return to that from whence we have digressed Whilest the Mediators expect the Subdelegate from the Suethes they send the other Copy of the Instrument of Prorogation by the foresaid Secretary unto the Commissiones of Poland to be by them signed and sealed which was done without delay In the Interim Secretary Lording came to Marienburg with a new form of Prorogation which not being conform to the other Copy drawn in manner of a Patent nor the full time of the Prorogation unto the first of August inserserted as also that the Subscription of Count Brahe alone did not correspond to the plurall number of Commissioners mentioned in the beginning and middle of the said Instrument it was rejected and the foresaid Secretary of the Hollanders returning with full satisfaction from those of Poland who were to begin their journey toward their King then at Thorne the next day early he was sent to Elbing to acquaint the Suethes therewith and to move them to subscribe the Instrument drawn by the Mediators which at last they did This Remora removed the Mediators also repaired towards Thoronia a faire City belonging to the French and the States Ambassadors not having as yet saluted his Majesty They with the Electorals were honourably and magnificently received each severally according to their Dignities his Lordship also by young Prince Radzivill great Chamberlain of Lithuania and Baron Gildenstierne was received in the Kings Coach many others attending with a great Troop of the Polish Nobility on Hors-back and so conveyed to his lodging not far from that where the King then lay The Mediators in their particular audiances declared the true State of the Treaty and that without absolute resignation all hopes of Peace were desperate neither was any argument left unused wherby something might be gathered from the Kings own mouth or be moved to afford his Commissioners more ample Instructions But to a Courageous and a Victorious Prince such Solicitations being disrellishing they were also ineffectuall Wherfore the usuall Visites and Complements being added the main conclusion was that the meetings at the fore-specified place and time should be again resumed His Lordship having taken leave of the King by a private Audiance set forwards with the Hollanders towards Risenberg The French Ambassador doing the like as also the Brandenburgers about two daies after The Mediators being now altogether and understanding that the Commissioners of Poland were likewise returned to Marienwerder the Marquiss Sigismund as neerest concerned undertook to invite by Letters the Suethes to meet again on Munday the 29. June 9. July at a Villagenamed Honigsfeldt equi-distant from Mar 〈…〉 nburg Risenberg and Jonas Dorff but sundry of those Commissioners being gone to the Pillaw to receive the Generall Jacobus de la Garde who was newly arrived from Suethland with a Navy and an Army the meeting was therby retarded The French Ambassador signified the same to those of Poland who to gain time Duke Radzivill now hastning his journey towards Littaw to make provision for the War in case it should so fall out desired a conference at a Village named Leutznaw where a Polish Gentleman had a house fit to receive them Being met the Polanders were urged by the Mediators joyntly by all fair perswasions to declare in a word their Kings sinall resolution touching the resignation it being to be feared that if the last former condition which mentioned the restitution entire of Prussia and Leifland for the said resignation were still insisted on the first meeting would be the last The Commissioners of Poland having retyred themselves about an hour returned and sayd they wondered much to heare the Mediators desire of them a more full Declaration that themselves stood firme to the former and that Prussia and Liefland should not onely be absolutely restored but that the Laws also made in Suethen against King Sigismund and his Heirs should be utterly abolished and satisfaction made to the King out of the Provinces of Suethland all which things they urged as Sine quibus non The other conditions as restoring of Ships Ordnance and exiled persons would be more easily reconciled Whereunto the French Ambassador made answer in the name of his Colleagues that apparently upon these termes Peace was rather to be

same therin expressing that albeit most willing as by duty obliged to procure his dear Countries good yet the same seemed a work of no small difficulty the King having prescribed no direct form of Government especially in those disturbed times wherin the publike Treasure was much exhausted the Kingdom obvious to the inconveniencies of a Russian War and uncertain of obtaining a wished Peace the Crown Revenues so diminished during his Majesties being there as they appeared not a little deficient That nevertheless he would not be wanting to afford his utmost of counsell and assistance for the redress of things amiss wherunto his Propinquity of blood and maturity of years invited him conditionally that they would joyn with him for the Weal of his Majesty and the Kingdom wherof he desired their speedy resolution and compliance to those things that for the said ends should be decreed and that they would not separate untill conclusions were taken concerning the frame of future Government to which effect he would upon their intimation speedily repair to Stocholme These were dated from Nicopia In pursuance hereof they again instance unto him that his presence was both their hope and expectation renewing their requests that he would assume the Government Promising that they would not be wanting to their power in Counsell Assistance security and Obedience for the good of the Kingdom the glory of God and the Emolument of the Natives This was dated the ninth of August 1594. and signed by Nicolaus Gyldenstierne Gustavus Baner Turo Bielke Hogenschildus Bielke Claudins Bielke and Gustavus Gabrielis Duke Charles thus invited repaired to Stocholme where no sooner arrived but he cleared the Arconsian Temple the City and the Queens Island of the Romish Priests and likewise deprived their great Patron Count Ericke of his Command of the Regall Castle for he being a strong Promover of the Papall Creed was formidable to those of the contrary Profession by reason of his power and great Alliances within the Kingdom His Sister being Wife to Ericke Sparre the Chancellour his Aunt married to Claudtus Flemingius Governour of Finland and his Uncles Ericke Gustavus Aruidus Gustavus and Carolus Gustavus were Rulers and Governours of the Westro-gothes the Ostro-gothes and Smaland with others of no mean power To the former Criminations against their King they add that contrary to his Regall Oath and promise under his hand and Seal to protect from injury the Poor as well as the Rich he permitted without punishment or inquisition made the Nightly Watches to be abused and beaten The Polanders of his Train to be day and night in Armes by whom with others of the Natives who delighted in such mischiefs sundry of the said Night-watches being frequently murthered were so found lying in the Streets others miserably wounded yea even their houses were unsecure from violence and notwithstanding complaints were many times preferred yet no redress was granted nor Justice executed upon the Murtherers Sundry other things to the same purpose they repeat as the Concession formerly mentioned of Leisland to the Crown of Poland as also the diminishing of the Navy and Ordenance to the great damage of the Common-wealth And that unwitting to the Duke or States of the Kingdom in prejudice also of the Gustavian Testament and the Constitutions of Calmar An. 1587. he had transacted with the Neighbour Princes touching certain most weighty Affairs of Suethland the peculiar Badge or Cognisance wherof he had alienated requiring by Ericke Sparre his Ambassadour a dilation or prolonging of the compromissoriall transaction about the said Badge viz. The three Crowns which in the year 1591. at the Treaty with the Dane by the River Flakesiobecke had been at their earnest and most instant request suspended untill An. 1597 And that Sigismundus by that Embassie sought to attain by entreaty from the Dane that which he had formerly not without much difficulty and suit obtained from the States of Suethland therby alienating the right of the Suethes to those three Crowns the proper and peculiar Badge and one of the chief Regalities of the Kingdom which he ought not to have done And this he did say they by the perswasions of his said Counsellour Ericke Sparre the better to compass his hostile intensions towards his Uncle the Duke to the notorious breach of the foresaid Testament the express words wherof are viz. Our dear Sons not only he who with his posterity shall succeed us in the Regall Chair but the rest likewise of our dear Sons shall neither by themselves apart or with their familiar Counsellours Servants or Subjects attempt treat or decide any Affairs wherin the welfare and honour of the Kingdom are concerned by concluding of War Peace Leagues or other Concernments of the Common-wealth of weight and moment except by the counsell and consent of them all with approbation of the Prime States of the Kingdom joyntly They further objurgate his causing of Arrest to be made at Lubecke and other Maratine Cities of their Ships and Goods and spoyling them of their said Goods and Merchandizes And that some years past Suethland being afflicted with a great dearth of Corn wherby many thousands perished and the residue much exhausted in their Substance he by the counsell of Steno Baner Olaus Suercherus and Lindormias Bond severely prohibited those of Dantzig and other Sea Ports of the Polish Dominion from administring relief to those of Suethen and at the same time enjoyed those of Rivell albeit incorporated into Swethland not to furnish them with any provision and sollicited the like with other Marine Places belonging to the Romish Empire By all these things they shew that his second departure produced no better fruite then his first both being without the privity of the States and that as his first discession to receive an Extraneous Crowne accasioned a conceding of Leifeland to the Polander So his second left them in a confusednesse without any prefect forme of Government contrary to his promise which Comedie say they was commenced by those Counsellours who were unwilling to be longer ruled by the Gustavian Line but that themselves might prevent each other in the domination of the parts whereby would have ensued the ruine of the whole King Sigismundus say they precipitating his departure had sent to his Uncle then at Nycopia by Ericke Gustavus and Claudius Slatte a certain Plenipotentiarie importing that induced by his urgent Affairs and by his promise he now intended to repair into Poland and that to the end his Native Country might not be destitute of good Government and Administration of Justice untill God should grant him a return he committed the same unto him his said Uncle as being a Prince Hereditary and chief among the other Orders of the Kingdom together with others the faithfull Senators therof to whom with him this Plenipotentiary was joyntly given to be governed and administred accordingly Provided that in the first and chief place he and they should honour and

certified the same by Letters to the Suethish Commissioners engaging his word that other Procuratorials should be exhibited by those of Poland either at the first meeting or within few daies after The Commissioners of Suethland returned a thankfull answer for his Lordships engaged word upon the trust wherof they would meet at the time appointed they only desired that his Lordship would intimate unto the Commissioners of Poland the necessity of signing a new the Instrument of Security formerly drawn at Holland by their Subdelegates as an inducement to the rest of the Treaty which his Lordship deferred not and the next day all parties being agreed the said former Instrument was renewed with this clause added That it should remain in full force in all points except the places of aboad and meeting which by the consent of all parties were changed hereunto the Subdelegates Christopher Lode and Daniell Nab arowskie on the one side George Lording on the other signing his Lordship and the Marquesse Sigismund of Brandenburg were Witnesses The same night late there arrived at Mariemburg the French Ambassador Claudius de Mesne Baron D' Avaux who came from Stocholme where by extreamity of Weather and the Ice he had been detained six months From the States Generall came likewise Rochus van Honart chief Counsellor in the high Courts of Holland Zeland and West Freizeland Andreas Bicker Burg-Master of Amsterdam and Joackim And rè chief Counsellour in the high Court of Frieze who were all invited hy the Suethes as also by Berkeman one of the Electorals from the Marquesse Sigismund unto the next daies generall Convention at Stumbsdorff The next morning early his Lordship and the Marquesse Sigismund according to the usuall custome severally visited the before named Ambassadors congratulating their safe arrivall and then repaired to Stumbsdorff the place of meeting The French Ambassador with those from the States following soone after and whilst they take up Quarters as the poverty of a devasted Villiage would permit the Commissioners Parties being equally distant from the place measure out their way and steps with such exact slownesse fearing even thereby to give each other the least pre-eminency that at one and the same time they enter their Tents which were placed at the two entries into the sayd Villiage Their Traine was according to the dignity of the Parties and as hath been set downe at their entry into Holland The accustomed visits and civilities performed between the Mediators and the Parties took up the time untill four in the afternoon At length all the Mediators met in the quarter of the Marquis of Brandenburg as the more spacious and the more equall so to make way into the maine businesse having consumed already so much time in the Preparatories onely and night hastning on lest the day and this first meeting should be without fruit the Mediators agreed to propound the present Sequestration of the Procuratories which had been hetherto delayd that so they might enter upon the things of more moment And that there might be a timely obviatingof competitions that might arise between the Ambassadors of great Brittaine and France as also between the Electorall Ministers and those of the States Generall it was thought good that his Lordship with the Electoralls and the French Ambassador with the others the Marquis Sigismund remaining still in the Mediatoriall Tent which for the reception and consultation of the Mediators was placed in the midst of the Village should repaire by course as occasion required to the Parties Commissioners of each side Accordingly his Lordship with the Brandenburgers going to the Suethes the others went to the Polanders and conforme to agreement the Sequestration was propounded to both The Polanders made no exception the Suethes affirmed that in regard the promised Procuratories were not yet come they could not consent therunto But yet that time might not be unprofitably trifled they were contented to lay aside the point of the Procuratories for that day and were desirous to make entrance into the Principall Treatie whereunto that a way might be opened it behoved them said they first to know whether or not the King of Poland would absolutely renounce the right he pretended unto Suethen which they beleeved to be the cheife and onely mean to perfect the Treatie of Pacification This was by the Mediators related to the Commissioners of Poland who without further deliberation replyed that it was expedient for them also to understand whether a resignation supposed but not granted the others would restore the Kingdome of Suethland with all other things wherof the King had been deprived seeing that where the same right is it may be by the same reasons disputed The Mediators perceiving the difficulties wherin by these extreams the parties did involve themselves at this first beginning from which they could not be freed unlesse some mediate waies were found out and it being their part and office to propound such waies unto the parties disagreeing they concluded the better to stop these beginnings which in things of weight and moment are wont to encrease to demand from the parties three daies respite within which time they might happily conceive some waies and reasons for bringing the businesse neerer to a composition This was agreed unto howbeit unwillingly by the Suethes because the Poles hereby deferred the producing of their promised Procuratorie and the Mediators for that first daies conclusion thought meet that as a good Omen to the happy issue of the Treaty in agitation the parties should meet and salute each other wherby their minds as yet alienated might by degrees and mutuall civilities be prepared to Peace and Amity and that to the end the same might be without prejudice or preheminence to either side they should issue forth of their respective Tents at one and the same instant and accompanied by the Mediators meet in the mid-way of the Village without any mention of the businesse in question which might sound harshly to either side This was gratefull to both parties they professing themselves most willingly ready to any act of courtesie and humanity Wherupon they met in most friendly manner and having so greeted and congratulated each other each party returned to their residence those of Poland to Marienwerder the Mediators to Marienburg the Suethes to Jonas Dorff The next day the Mediators convene in the Castle of Marienburg to consult and to return prepared with some mediate means of reconciling the differences touching the resignation or restitution of the Kingdome of Suethen But that there might arise no dispute competitionary between the Ambassadors of Great Brittaine and France a Table was so equally placed as the Session could give no precedency to either They being set and having discoursed some time of severall means for compounding the matter in question his Lordship exhibited his mind in writing which imported That he saw no better way for reconciling the extreams of

by them be hindred and that albeit they had not received hitherto from the Commissioners of Poland any certain resolution and therfore could not expect much good by the next daies meeting they would neverthelesse be present therat This his Lordship signified in writing to the Commissioners of Poland and requested from the Palatine of Belzes a larger Tent wherin the parties and the Mediators might assemble together His Lordship with the Hollanders prepared for the fourth meeting so much the more early to take order for placing the Mediatoriall Tent in equall distance from those of the severall parties and for the bringing of theirs neerer to ease the Mediators of part of their trouble These things set in order the Mediators concluded that to either party should be reiterated the Arbitration of the aforesaid differences by the Mediators Those of Poland to whom his Lordship and the Hollanders had applied themselves absolutely refused the same and the Suethes appeared to the French and the Electorals lesse inclining therto then before and thus the Treaty seemed to hang by a small twist which caused the Mediators to labour so much the more earnestly with the severall parties The Polanders professed themselves willing to hearken to equall conditions if they were propounded neither was there any means left for compounding the difference of the Parliamentary ratification save onely an equall division of the places that were to be restored or kept and at last not without the uncessant trouble of the Mediators in goings between they condescended unto these Conditions 1. That the Truce should be for twenty six years the Suethes requiring that one year should be added by way of compensation for their consent to the restoring of one halfe of Prussia without the strickt necessary form of Parliamentary ratification whereof the Polanders gave no positive assurance but promised their endeavours for its procurement the French Ambassador offering also to repaire to the King about the same 2. That upon the Regall and Senatoriall Commissioners ratification onely untill that of the Republike might be had the Suethes should forth with restore Marienburg Stume Braunsberge and Tolkemyth with the greater Island and the Territories to each of them belonging and that Elbing the Pillaw with the lesser Island and their Territories should still be retained by them 3. That the Fort made in the Wistle by the Suethes and the Fortifications made on the bord therof by those of Dantzig should be demolished hereupon the cessation was prolonged for four daies Thus at last the aversnesse of the parties admitted of shews of reconcilement and by how much the Treaty had seemed neer to vanish into nothing by so much the hopes of its happy issue began to beam forth more bright wherunto the Mediators thought it might be conducible that the parties accompanied by them as at the first should re-salute each other in the midst of the Village that so by a publike contest for Peace and Concord by mutuall interviews the wished end might be the more easily attained neither was the motion unpleasing to either of the parties who now seemed equally desirous of Peace This Ceremony being performed the Mediators and the parties take leave of each other and the vulgar not containing their contentment published the Peace as if already concluded In the mean time the French Ambassador obtained of the King the grant of the year demanded whilest his Lordship and the Hollanders at Marienburg employ themselves with the Sueths about those things which might further the Pacification These promising to exhibite at the next meeting certaine Articles of the whole Treaty wheron the agreement might be perfected The time appointed for the fifth meeting and all the parties being come the Mediators thought good that the Conditions then exhibited by the Suethes as fore-promised should be communicated to the Commissioners of Poland touching the Substance they were all one with the former some only altered and some added for their own availe all the Mediators being present they were accurately discussed by the Polanders not a word or title which might be wrested to their prejudice left unexamined or corrected The French Ambassador quoting in the Mergent the severall exceptions made by them Therwith they also tendred to the Mediators such things as they would have to be inserted importing that forasmuch as the present Truce was chiefly ordained and concluded to the end that during the same a perpetuall Peace might be the more commodiously treated and effected therefore within the space of two years next insuing the date of the said Truce Commissioners should be appointed of both sides with full power and instructions to meet treat and conclude the sayd generall and assured Peace by the intervention of those Kings and Princes whom the Parties should make choice of And if the sayd Peace should not be then effected the same to be resumed within the next two years and if not then the like within the two years ensuing and so consequently the Truce still continuing firme untill the expiration of the twenty six years Also that no Taxes or Customes should be exacted upon the River Dyna from the Inhabitants of the great Dutchy of Lithuania or the Dukedome of Curland That likewise the Rights and Possessions of the Duke of Curland should remaine in the same state they were before the Warr. That in like manner it should be lawfull for those that had been exiled out of Suethland or Leifland to return into their Countrey and to recover their goods and Inheritance and that if they should not like to abide there it should be free for them to sell or otherway dispose of their sayd Goods That Ambassadors or Messengers of either side should have free egresse and regresse That the Fugitives of the great Dutchy of Lithuania the Dukedome of Curland and the Pilten Territory or so many of them as should be found in Leifland should be restored and so reciprocally That foure Ships appertaining to his Electorall Highnesse of Brandenburg should be restored That there should be also freedome of Navigation from the Dutchy of Curland These Conditions were shewed to the Commissioners of Suethland by the French Ambassador and the Brandenburgers followed soon after by his Lordship and the Hollanders the Polish Emendations and additions night now approaching are cursorily by them run over and those appearing to be things but of small moment are referred untill the next day so as all things seemed to go forward according to the general desire One thing only bred some hesitation the French Ambassador reasoning by way of discourse about the restitution of the Romane Religion in Prussia urged by consequence as from the Commissioners of Poland the free exercise thereof in behalfe of those of that Religion remaining in Leifland but that also was remitted to be handled the day following neither was it then conceived that so much trouble would have ensued as that particular did