aforego_v be_v observe_v so_o that_o we_o be_v teach_v from_o the_o real_a nature_n of_o thing_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o inanimate_a body_n after_o what_o manner_n and_o to_o what_o degree_n we_o ought_v to_o pursue_v our_o own_o particular_a happiness_n that_o be_v only_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o and_o be_v include_v in_o that_o of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a agent_n so_o we_o be_v hence_o also_o instruct_v what_o action_n be_v prescribe_v or_o forbid_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n since_o such_o action_n only_o be_v thereby_o commend_v as_o promote_v this_o great_a end_n and_o the_o contrary_a action_n forbid_v which_o disturb_v or_o hinder_v it_o which_o be_v also_o suppose_a by_o all_o prince_n and_o state_n in_o their_o deliberation_n and_o treaty_n of_o peace_n it_o be_v that_o in_o which_o they_o all_o agree_v as_o contribute_v to_o their_o common_a safety_n and_o preservation_n viz._n that_o the_o power_n of_o all_o the_o several_a state_n concern_v shall_v be_v so_o just_o moderate_v and_o equal_o balance_v that_o none_o may_v destroy_v or_o oppress_v each_o other_o thus_o between_o neighbour_a nation_n not_o subject_a to_o the_o same_o common_a power_n it_o be_v chief_o provide_v in_o all_o their_o league_n and_o treaty_n that_o the_o force_n of_o each_o particular_a commonwealth_n shall_v be_v so_o equal_o balance_v by_o the_o assistance_n and_o support_v of_o their_o confederates_n and_o ally_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v impossible_a for_o any_o one_o of_o they_o to_o swallow_v up_o or_o destroy_v another_o but_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v still_o leave_v to_o each_o of_o they_o power_n and_o mean_v sufficient_a to_o preserve_v themselves_o and_o their_o subject_n in_o peace_n and_o safety_n as_o be_v the_o main_a end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v at_o first_o ordain_v by_o god_n and_o institute_v by_o men._n §_o 7._o and_o as_o it_o be_v proper_a to_o all_o natural_a body_n that_o whilst_o they_o persevere_v in_o their_o own_o motion_n there_o be_v likewise_o a_o necessity_n they_o shall_v also_o contribute_v and_o be_v subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o motion_n of_o innumerable_a other_o body_n from_o the_o general_a law_n of_o motion_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o which_o rule_n be_v also_o find_v true_a in_o animal_n it_o seem_v to_o admonish_v we_o not_o only_o as_o mere_a animal_n but_o rational_a agent_n that_o we_o contribute_v our_o particular_a endeavour_n towards_o the_o general_a good_a or_o preservation_n of_o all_o those_o of_o their_o own_o kind_a since_o it_o be_v not_o only_o a_o possible_a effect_n but_o also_o such_o a_o one_o as_o depend_v upon_o cause_n so_o perfect_a and_o certain_a we_o may_v with_o reason_n believe_v that_o it_o will_v endure_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o world_n but_o if_o we_o far_o add_v to_o these_o observation_n those_o thing_n that_o distinguish_v animate_v from_o inanimate_a body_n they_o will_v yet_o more_o strong_o convince_v we_o and_o make_v we_o see_v more_o sufficient_a reason_n wherefore_o not_o so_o much_o concern_v ourselves_o with_o other_o corporeal_a being_n we_o shall_v be_v chief_o solicitous_a in_o give_v our_o assistance_n to_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_a first_o than_o the_o nature_n of_o animate_v be_v distinguish_v from_o that_o of_o inanimate_a body_n by_o such_o a_o fit_a disposition_n of_o part_n and_o a_o apt_a conformation_n of_o their_o natural_a organ_n as_o suffice_v for_o their_o generation_n sensation_n imagination_n affection_n nourishment_n and_o also_o all_o spontaneous_a motion_n and_o it_o be_v by_o these_o action_n that_o all_o sort_n of_o animal_n endeavour_v their_o conservation_n and_o happiness_n for_o the_o time_n that_o be_v appoint_v they_o and_o thereby_o procure_v the_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a species_n §_o 8._o but_o i_o shall_v not_o dwell_v too_o long_o upon_o these_o common_a obvious_a thing_n which_o be_v so_o evident_a in_o themselves_o but_o shall_v from_o hence_o deduce_v something_o more_o material_a to_o our_o purpose_n viz._n that_o from_o the_o same_o intrinseck_n constitution_n of_o all_o animal_n whereby_o they_o be_v determine_v to_o this_o endeavour_n of_o preserve_v themselves_o there_o be_v beside_o give_v manifest_a declaration_n that_o love_v and_o benevolent_a action_n towards_o those_o of_o their_o own_o kind_a be_v also_o necessary_a for_o their_o own_o defence_n and_o constitute_v the_o happy_a state_n of_o life_n they_o can_v enjoy_v and_o likewise_o that_o it_o be_v far_o ordain_v from_o the_o same_o concourse_n of_o external_n and_o internal_a cause_n that_o all_o rational_a agent_n can_v but_o be_v sensible_a or_o mindful_a of_o these_o indication_n the_o first_o of_o these_o conclusion_n contain_v the_o sense_n and_o sanction_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o the_o latter_a regard_v its_o promulgation_n or_o the_o manner_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o be_v make_v know_v to_o we_o i_o shall_v explain_v each_o of_o they_o in_o their_o order_n §_o 9_o it_o be_v therefore_o first_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o corporeal_a bulk_n even_o of_o the_o large_a animal_n be_v contain_v within_o a_o small_a and_o narrow_a compass_n as_o also_o that_o the_o space_n of_o time_n wherein_o they_o can_v live_v or_o be_v preserve_v be_v not_o long_o from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o but_o a_o few_o thing_n and_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o they_o be_v real_o necessary_a for_o their_o nourishment_n and_o preservation_n or_o where_o there_o be_v need_n of_o a_o concurrence_n of_o more_o of_o they_o they_o be_v only_o such_o as_o may_v be_v free_o communicate_v to_o many_o at_o once_o whence_o they_o be_v natural_o lead_v to_o desire_v but_o a_o few_o particular_a thing_n but_o daily_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o divers_a other_o in_o common_a who_o use_n may_v yet_o be_v well_o communicate_v to_o many_o at_o once_o without_o exhaust_v their_o store_n such_o as_o be_v the_o free_a enjoyment_n of_o air_n light_n fire_n water_n etc._n etc._n and_o far_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o structure_n of_o their_o body_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o same_o superficies_n of_o the_o skin_n which_o hinder_v the_o effusion_n govern_v also_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o do_v at_o the_o same_o time_n fix_v bound_n to_o those_o appetite_n and_o necessity_n by_o which_o they_o be_v urge_v to_o seek_v their_o own_o preservation_n so_o that_o those_o few_o thing_n that_o suffice_v to_o repair_v the_o vital_a flame_n which_o daily_o consume_v be_v likewise_o sufficient_a not_o only_o for_o the_o conservation_n of_o their_o life_n and_o natural_a strength_n but_o also_o for_o enable_v they_o to_o contribute_v their_o help_n and_o assistance_n to_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o last_o the_o structure_n and_o capacity_n of_o the_o vessel_n in_o which_o their_o aliment_n be_v digest_v and_o of_o those_o that_o convey_v the_o chyle_n as_o also_o of_o the_o vein_n and_o artery_n that_o receive_v it_o be_v but_o narrow_a require_v but_o a_o small_a quantity_n to_o fill_v they_o so_o that_o i_o think_v no_o brute_n can_v be_v guilty_a of_o mr._n h_n error_n of_o judge_v or_o desire_v all_o thing_n whatever_o as_o necessary_a for_o its_o own_o preservation_n since_o from_o the_o intrinseck_n and_o constituent_a part_n of_o all_o animal_n it_o plain_o appear_v that_o but_o a_o few_o thing_n suffice_v to_o allay_v their_o hunger_n and_o thirst_n and_o to_o prevent_v the_o injury_n of_o the_o wether_n and_o if_o so_o few_o thing_n be_v necessary_a for_o their_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n they_o may_v very_o well_o leave_v the_o rest_n of_o those_o product_n which_o the_o earth_n so_o plentiful_o bring_v forth_o to_o be_v enjoy_v by_o other_o of_o their_o own_o kind_n since_o the_o finite_a quantity_n of_o their_o body_n limit_v their_o appetite_n to_o the_o desire_v and_o their_o power_n only_o to_o the_o use_v a_o few_o necessary_a thing_n from_o this_o use_n and_o necessity_n there_o arise_v a_o natural_a division_n or_o appropriation_n of_o thing_n among_o divers_a animal_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n as_o i_o show_v before_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n the_o allowance_n or_o permission_n of_o which_o distribution_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o that_o mutual_a concord_n and_o benevolence_n among_o they_o and_o which_o their_o nature_n require_v for_o their_o preservation_n so_o that_o if_o this_o innate_a love_n or_o desire_v of_o self-preservation_n in_o animal_n be_v limit_v after_o the_o manner_n we_o have_v now_o describe_v this_o once_o satisfy_v there_o can_v be_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o shall_v withstand_v or_o obstruct_v the_o conservation_n of_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n either_o by_o hinder_v their_o enjoyment_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o they_o themselves_o do_v not_o need_v or_o in_o refuse_v to_o lend_v they_o their_o help_n and_o assistance_n when_o there_o be_v occasion_n and_o that_o it_o
unto_o and_o which_o be_v most_o inseparable_o conjoin_v with_o his_o own_o particular_a conservation_n and_o happiness_n but_o whereas_o god_n have_v create_v other_o creature_n to_o act_v for_o their_o own_o present_a satisfaction_n and_o preservation_n without_o any_o consideration_n of_o that_o of_o other_o he_o have_v make_v man_n alone_o not_o only_o able_a to_o contribute_v to_o the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o his_o own_o kind_n but_o have_v also_o make_v he_o sensible_a of_o this_o ability_n and_o i_o shall_v far_o show_v in_o this_o discourse_n that_o he_o have_v lay_v a_o sufficient_a obligation_n on_o he_o to_o exert_v it_o §_o 22._o another_o faculty_n of_o the_o rational_a soul_n and_o only_o proper_a to_o man_n as_o a_o sociable_a creature_n be_v that_o of_o speech_n or_o express_v our_o notion_n by_o significant_a word_n or_o sound_n which_o though_o it_o be_v not_o bear_v with_o we_o yet_o however_o may_v be_v reckon_v among_o the_o natural_a faculty_n of_o mankind_n as_o well_o as_o go_v with_o two_o leg_n since_o we_o find_v no_o brute_n creature_n capable_a of_o it_o though_o divers_a of_o they_o be_v endue_v with_o tongue_n like_o we_o and_o that_o divers_a bird_n can_v pronounce_v whole_a sentence_n yet_o have_v they_o no_o notion_n of_o what_o they_o say_v whereas_o there_o be_v no_o nation_n though_o never_o so_o barbarous_a but_o have_v the_o use_n of_o speech_n and_o to_o show_v you_o far_o how_o natural_a some_o sort_n of_o speech_n be_v to_o mankind_n i_o have_v hear_v of_o two_o young_a gentleman_n that_o be_v brother_n and_o i_o know_v one_o of_o they_o myself_o who_o though_o bear_v deaf_a and_o consequent_o dumb_a yet_o by_o often_o and_o long_o conversation_n with_o each_o other_o come_v to_o frame_v a_o certain_a language_n between_o themselves_o which_o though_o it_o seem_v perfect_a gibberish_n to_o the_o stander_n by_o yet_o by_o the_o sole_a motion_n of_o their_o lip_n and_o other_o sign_n they_o perfect_o understand_v each_o other_o which_o be_v likewise_o evident_a from_o this_o that_o in_o the_o dark_a they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o converse_v at_o all_o so_o that_o this_o faculty_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v bestow_v by_o god_n on_o mankind_n not_o for_o his_o preservation_n as_o a_o mere_a animal_n since_o divers_a brute_n be_v able_a to_o subsist_v for_o more_o year_n without_o it_o and_o therefore_o seem_v to_o be_v intend_v to_o render_v man_n a_o sociable_a creature_n and_o who_o be_v by_o this_o faculty_n to_o benefit_v other_o of_o his_o own_o kind_n as_o well_o as_o himself_o for_o we_o be_v not_o only_o hereby_o able_a to_o impose_v certain_a arbitrary_a name_n to_o particular_a thing_n but_o have_v first_o frame_v universal_a idea_n can_v likewise_o give_v name_n to_o they_o as_o to_o this_o general_a idea_n applicable_a to_o all_o particular_a man_n in_o the_o world_n we_o can_v give_v the_o name_n of_o man_n and_o herein_o consist_v the_o main_a difference_n between_o man_n and_o brute_n and_o not_o in_o ratiocination_n alone_o since_o i_o suppose_v even_o brute_n have_v right_a idea_n of_o those_o object_n they_o have_v receive_v by_o their_o sense_n and_o can_v likewise_o infer_v or_o reason_n right_a about_o they_o as_o when_o a_o dog_n by_o often_o see_v his_o master_n take_v down_o his_o stick_n before_o he_o go_v abroad_o do_v thence_o argue_v when_o ever_o he_o do_v so_o that_o his_o go_v abroad_o will_v follow_v express_v his_o joy_n by_o bark_v and_o leap_v yet_o we_o can_v find_v that_o brute_n have_v any_o general_a or_o complex_fw-la idea_n much_o less_o name_n for_o they_o have_v no_o more_o but_o a_o few_o ordinary_a sign_n whereby_o to_o express_v their_o present_a appetite_n and_o passion_n but_o the_o main_a benefit_n of_o speech_n seem_v to_o respect_v other_o more_o than_o ourselves_o since_o we_o be_v hereby_o able_a to_o instruct_v they_o in_o many_o art_n and_o science_n necessary_a for_o their_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n and_o also_o to_o advise_v and_o admonish_v they_o in_o all_o civil_a and_o moral_a duty_n and_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o one_o so_o brutish_a who_o be_v not_o sensible_a that_o in_o the_o exercise_n of_o this_o faculty_n consist_v one_o of_o the_o great_a pleasure_n of_o humane_a life_n viz._n conversation_n and_o suppose_v man_n in_o a_o state_n of_o war_n i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o they_o can_v ever_o well_o get_v out_o of_o it_o again_o be_v it_o not_o for_o treaty_n and_o article_n of_o peace_n but_o must_v like_o game_n cock_n and_o bull_n fight_v it_o out_o till_o one_o side_n be_v either_o quite_o destroy_v or_o force_v to_o run_v away_o and_o quit_v that_o territory_n or_o country_n where_o they_o live_v §_o 23._o nor_o can_v we_o omit_v another_o great_a benefit_n we_o receive_v from_o speech_n viz._n the_o invention_n of_o letter_n by_o which_o we_o be_v not_o only_o able_a to_o register_n our_o present_a thought_n for_o our_o own_o remembrance_n but_o can_v likewise_o profit_v and_o instruct_v not_o only_o the_o present_a but_o also_o all_o future_a generation_n by_o book_n or_o write_n as_o we_o do_v now_o make_v use_n of_o the_o knowledge_n and_o experience_n of_o those_o who_o die_v some_o thousand_o of_o year_n before_o we_o be_v bear_v but_o since_o mr._n h._n and_o other_o have_v make_v some_o objection_n against_o the_o benefit_n of_o speech_n and_o letter_n as_o that_o they_o tend_v oftentimes_o to_o promote_v false_a opinion_n and_o war_n among_o mankind_n grant_v it_o to_o be_v so_o it_o be_v no_o more_o a_o objection_n against_o the_o benefit_n we_o receive_v by_o they_o than_o it_o be_v to_o say_v that_o the_o air_n water_n or_o food_n the_o only_a mean_n of_o life_n be_v hurtful_a to_o mankind_n since_o by_o the_o necessary_a course_n of_o nature_n or_o else_o our_o own_o intemperance_n they_o often_o become_v the_o cause_n of_o plague_n surfeit_n and_o divers_a other_o disease_n whereby_o mankind_n be_v destroy_v yet_o since_o that_o author_n have_v make_v the_o use_n of_o speech_n one_o great_a reason_n why_o man_n can_v live_v so_o peaceable_o as_o brute_n and_o therefore_o fancy_n they_o must_v be_v in_o a_o natural_a state_n of_o war_n i_o shall_v therefore_o refer_v the_o answer_v it_o to_o the_o second_o part_n since_o my_o intention_n be_v not_o here_o to_o argue_v but_o instruct_v §_o 24._o man_n do_v also_o far_o exceed_v brute_n in_o their_o rational_a or_o discursive_a faculty_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o number_n or_o collect_v divers_a single_a thing_n into_o one_o total_a sum_n which_o we_o call_v arithmetic_n so_o necessary_a for_o all_o affair_n of_o a_o civil_a life_n and_o the_o duty_n of_o distributive_a justice_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v a_o art_n and_o that_o divers_a barbarous_a nation_n want_v that_o exact_a knowledge_n of_o it_o which_o we_o have_v yet_o by_o reckon_v upon_o their_o finger_n they_o have_v a_o sufficient_a use_n of_o it_o as_o much_o as_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o purpose_n or_o business_n and_o if_o they_o do_v but_o apply_v their_o mind_n to_o it_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o they_o will_v arrive_v to_o the_o same_o perfection_n in_o arithmetic_n as_o we_o do_v but_o i_o look_v upon_o this_o faculty_n as_o peculiar_a to_o mankind_n since_o we_o can_v perceive_v brute_n to_o have_v any_o knowledge_n of_o it_o thus_o if_o from_o bitch_n or_o sow_n you_o take_v away_o never_o so_o many_o of_o their_o young_a one_o yet_o if_o you_o leave_v they_o but_o one_o or_o two_o they_o do_v not_o miss_v the_o rest_n which_o show_v that_o they_o have_v no_o idea_n of_o number_n whatever_o they_o may_v have_v of_o quantity_n §_o 26._o to_o this_o observation_n may_v likewise_o be_v add_v as_o a_o consequence_n thereof_o that_o faculty_n so_o proper_a to_o mankind_n of_o measure_v the_o quantity_n of_o body_n the_o distance_n between_o they_o and_o the_o proportion_n they_o bear_v to_o each_o other_o which_o science_n we_o call_v geometry_n or_o mathematics_n which_o art_n be_v certain_o invent_v by_o man_n as_o a_o creature_n intend_v for_o a_o sociable_a life_n since_o on_o some_o of_o these_o depend_v most_o trade_n all_o commerce_n architecture_n navigation_n and_o most_o of_o the_o rule_n of_o distributive_a justice_n with_o other_o art_n needless_a here_o to_o be_v set_v down_o so_o that_o whoever_o will_v but_o serious_o reflect_v upon_o the_o excellency_n of_o these_o science_n as_o well_o in_o the_o certainty_n of_o their_o demonstration_n as_o in_o the_o vast_a and_o stupendous_a effect_n they_o produce_v can_v but_o acknowledge_v that_o our_o rational_a faculty_n exceed_v that_o of_o brute_n by_o many_o degree_n §_o 27._o but_o there_o yet_o remain_v behind_o two_o of_o the_o great_a prerogative_n of_o man_n soul_n and_o in_o respect_n of_o which_o alone_o he_o be_v make_v a_o sit_v
unpunished_a since_o this_o may_v very_o well_o consist_v with_o the_o public_a peace_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n and_o may_v also_o tend_v to_o the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n since_o it_o may_v not_o only_o make_v man_n more_o careful_a of_o their_o good_n but_o may_v also_o serve_v to_o make_v those_o boy_n more_o crafty_a secret_a and_o undertake_v in_o great_a matter_n when_o they_o shall_v come_v to_o be_v man_n which_o as_o plutarch_n tell_v we_o be_v the_o main_a reason_n why_o lycurgus_n make_v this_o law_n but_o do_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o either_o the_o lacedaemonian_n or_o egyptian_n may_v have_v make_v it_o lawful_a for_o thief_n and_o robber_n to_o assault_v all_o man_n person_n and_o take_v away_o their_o good_n by_o force_n or_o to_o rob_v man_n of_o those_o thing_n such_o as_o food_n and_o raiment_n which_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a for_o human_a life_n or_o that_o such_o a_o law_n can_v ever_o have_v be_v make_v practicable_a or_o 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whenever_o he_o be_v strong_a enough_o to_o rebel_n or_o resist_v the_o magistrate_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o take_v away_o with_o one_o hand_n all_o that_o he_o have_v before_o bestow_v with_o the_o other_o §_o 5._o but_o i_o think_v i_o have_v now_o sufficient_o expose_v the_o falseness_n as_o well_o as_o wickedness_n of_o those_o principle_n and_o though_o i_o will_v not_o be_v so_o uncharitable_a as_o to_o affirm_v that_o either_o mr._n h._n or_o all_o his_o follower_n either_o do_v or_o will_v always_o act_v according_a to_o they_o yet_o as_o cicero_n long_o since_o observe_v in_o his_o office_n they_o have_v more_o reason_n to_o thank_v the_o natural_a goodness_n and_o generosity_n of_o their_o own_o nature_n than_o the_o doctrine_n they_o have_v embrace_v if_o they_o do_v not_o but_o if_o i_o have_v be_v too_o tedious_a in_o the_o performance_n i_o hope_v the_o reader_n will_v pardon_v i_o if_o these_o pernicious_a principle_n be_v sufficient_o confute_v at_o last_o since_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o any_o man_n to_o judge_v of_o their_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n without_o first_o consider_v the_o author_n opinion_n in_o his_o own_o word_n and_o then_o strict_o examine_v the_o reason_n he_o bring_v for_o they_o which_o can_v not_o well_o be_v contract_v into_o a_o less_o compass_n but_o have_v not_o only_o i_o hope_v lay_v foundation_n for_o a_o more_o solid_a build_n in_o the_o precedent_a discourse_n but_o also_o clear_v off_o that_o rubbish_n in_o this_o second_o part_n that_o may_v obstruct_v its_o evidence_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o all_o candid_a and_o indifferent_a reader_n i_o shall_v therefore_o beseech_v god_n the_o great_a ruler_n of_o man_n heart_n and_o affection_n that_o what_o we_o have_v say_v in_o this_o treatise_n may_v have_v that_o good_a effect_n as_o if_o not_o to_o produce_v yet_o at_o least_o to_o increase_v true_a piety_n towards_o god_n and_o good_a will_n and_o charity_n among_o man_n finis_fw-la book_n print_v for_o richard_n baldwin_n state_n tract_n be_v a_o far_a collection_n of_o several_a choice_n treatise_n relate_v to_o the_o government_n from_o the_o year_n 1660_o to_o 1689._o now_o publish_v in_o a_o body_n to_o show_v the_o necessity_n and_o clear_v the_o legality_n of_o the_o late_a revolution_n and_o our_o present_a happy_a settlement_n under_o the_o auspicious_a reign_n of_o their_o majesty_n king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n mathematical_a magic_n or_o the_o wonder_n that_o may_v be_v perform_v by_o mechanical_a geometry_n in_o two_o book_n concern_v mechanical_a power_n and_o motion_n be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o easy_a pleasant_n useful_a and_o yet_o most_o neglect_v part_n of_o mathematics_n not_o before_o treat_v of_o in_o this_o language_n by_o i._o wilkins_n late_a lord_n bishop_n of_o chester_n the_o four_o edition_n bibliotheca_fw-la politica_fw-la or_o a_o discourse_n by_o way_n of_o dialogue_n whether_o monarchy_n be_v jure_fw-la divino_fw-la collect_v out_o of_o the_o most_o 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at_o michaelmas_n 1691._o his_o lordship_n be_v make_v custos_fw-la rotulorum_fw-la for_o the_o say_a county_n by_o the_o late_a lord_n commissioner_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n truth_n bring_v to_o light_n or_o the_o history_n of_o the_o first_o 14_o year_n of_o king_n james_n the_o i._o in_o four_o part_n i._o the_o happy_a state_n of_o england_n at_o his_o majesty_n entrance_n the_o corruption_n of_o it_o afterward_o with_o the_o rise_v of_o particular_a favourite_n and_o the_o division_n between_o this_o and_o other_o state_n abroad_o ii_o the_o divorce_n betwixt_o the_o lady_n francis_n howard_n and_o robert_n earl_n of_o essex_n before_o the_o king_n delegate_n authorize_v under_o the_o king_n be_v broad_a seal_n as_o also_o the_o arraignment_n of_o sir_n jervis_n yelvis_n lieutenant_n of_o the_o tower_n etc._n etc._n about_o the_o murder_n of_o sir_n thomas_n overbury_n with_o all_o proceed_n thereupon_o and_o the_o king_n be_v gracious_a pardon_n and_o favour_n to_o the_o countess_n iii_o a_o declaration_n of_o his_o majesty_n revenue_n since_o he_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n with_o the_o annual_a issue_n gift_n pension_n and_o extraordinary_a disbursement_n iv._o the_o commission_n and_o warrant_n for_o the_o burn_a of_o two_o heretic_n new_o revive_v with_o two_o pardon_n one_o for_o theophilus_n higgon_n the_o other_o for_o sir_n eustace_n hart._n the_o memoir_n of_o mounseur_fw-fr deageant_fw-fr contain_v the_o most_o secret_a transaction_n and_o affair_n of_o france_n from_o the_o death_n of_o henry_n vi_o till_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o ministry_n of_o the_o cardinal_n de_fw-fr richlieu_n to_o which_o be_v add_v a_o particular_a relation_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o embrun_n voyage_n into_o england_n and_o of_o his_o negotiation_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o the_o roman_n catholic_n religion_n here_o together_o with_o the_o duke_n of_o bukingham_n letter_n to_o the_o say_a archbishop_n about_o the_o progress_n of_o that_o affair_n which_o happen_v the_o last_o year_n of_o k._n james_n i._o his_o reign_n faithful_o translate_v out_o of_o the_o french_a original_a the_o present_a state_n of_o christendom_n consider_v in_o nine_o dialogue_n between_o i._o the_o present_a pope_n alexander_n the_o viiith_o and_o lewis_n the_o fourteen_o ii_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n iii_o king_n james_n the_o second_o and_o the_o marescal_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr fuillade_n iv._o the_o duke_n of_o lorraine_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o schomberg_n v._o the_o duke_n of_o lorraine_n and_o the_o elector_n palatine_n vi_o lewis_n the_o xivth_o and_o the_o marquis_n de_fw-fr louvois_n vii_o the_o advoyer_n of_o berne_n and_o the_o chief_a syndic_n of_o geneva_n viii_o cardinal_n ottoboni_n and_o the_o duke_n de_fw-fr chaulnes_n ix_o the_o young_a prince_n abafti_n and_o count_n tecke_o a_o new_a plain_a short_a and_o complete_a french_a and_o english_a grammar_n whereby_o the_o learner_n may_v attain_v in_o few_o month_n to_o speak_v and_o write_v french_a correct_o as_o they_o do_v now_o in_o the_o court_n of_o france_n and_o wherein_o all_o that_o be_v dark_a superfluous_a and_o deficient_a in_o other_o grammar_n be_v plain_a short_a and_o methodical_o supply_v also_o very_o useful_a to_o stranger_n that_o be_v desirous_a to_o learn_v the_o english_a tongue_n for_o who_o sake_n be_v add_v a_o short_a but_o very_o exact_a english_a grammar_n the_o second_o edition_n by_o peter_n berault_n berault_n dr._n joh._n lock_n vide_fw-la chap._n des_fw-fr pensees_n morales_n book_n 8._o chap._n 3._o vid._n his_o essay_n concern_v humane_a understanding_n book_n i._n chap._n 11._o 11._o vide_fw-la the_o preface_n to_o de_fw-fr cive_z vid._n mezeray_n hist._n in_o the_o life_n of_o this_o prince_n leviath_n part_n i._n chap._n 12._o 12._o vid._n dr._n parker_n demonstration_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n pag._n 24._o demonstration_n of_o the_o law_n etc._n etc._n pag._n 23._o credendum_fw-la est_fw-la totum_fw-la qd_n colitur_fw-la deus_fw-la homini_fw-la prodesse_fw-la non_fw-la deo_fw-la de_fw-fr civit._fw-la dei_fw-la lib._n x._o cap._n 5._o matt._n 12.7_o 8._o mark_v 2.27_o luk._n 10.30_o vâ—_n jo._n lerius_fw-la hist._n brasil_n as_o also_o the_o french_a history_n of_o the_o caribbè_a island_n island_n vid._n dr._n parker_n ecclesiastical_a policy_n chap._n 4._o p._n 126_o 127._o vi._n diog._n laert._n in_o vita_fw-la epicuri_fw-la stat_n 7._o jacobi_n cap._n 7._o
imprimatur_fw-la guil._n lancaster_n r._n p._n d._n henrico_n episc._n lond._n à _fw-la sacris_fw-la dome_v mar._n 14._o 1691_o 2._o a_o brief_a disquisition_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n according_a to_o the_o principle_n and_o method_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o reverend_n dr._n cumberland_n now_o lord_n bishop_n of_o peterborough_n be_v latin_n treatise_n on_o that_o subject_a as_o also_o his_o confutation_n of_o mr._n hobbs_n principle_n put_v into_o another_o method_n with_o the_o right_n reverend_a author_n approbation_n london_n print_v and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o richard_n baldwin_n near_o the_o oxford-arm_n in_o warwick-lane_n 1692._o to_o the_o right_n reverend_a father_n in_o god_n richard_n lord_n bishop_n of_o peterborough_n my_o lord_n have_v many_o year_n ago_o when_o your_o learned_a and_o judicious_a treatise_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v first_o publish_v careful_o peruse_v it_o to_o my_o great_a satisfaction_n i_o also_o think_v it_o necessary_a to_o make_v a_o epitome_n or_o abridgement_n of_o it_o as_o well_o for_o my_o own_o better_a remembrance_n as_o that_o i_o believe_v it_o may_v be_v also_o useful_a as_o a_o introduction_n to_o ethic_n for_o some_o near_a relation_n of_o i_o for_o who_o i_o then_o design_v it_o these_o paper_n after_o they_o have_v lie_v by_o i_o several_a year_n i_o happen_v to_o show_v to_o some_o friend_n of_o i_o and_o in_o particular_a to_o the_o honourable_a mr._n boyle_n who_o so_o well_o approve_v of_o the_o undertake_n that_o they_o encourage_v i_o to_o make_v it_o public_a as_o that_o which_o may_v give_v great_a satisfaction_n to_o those_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o our_o own_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o other_o of_o a_o low_a rank_n who_o either_o do_v not_o understand_v latin_a or_o else_o have_v rather_o read_v epitome_n of_o great_a work_n than_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o peruse_v the_o original_n which_o task_n though_o not_o very_o grateful_a to_o i_o yet_o i_o be_v prevail_v 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from_o receive_v that_o nourishment_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o they_o and_o we_o be_v teach_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n by_o the_o act_n immediate_o promote_a the_o common_a good_a that_o the_o happiness_n of_o particular_a man_n which_o be_v the_o member_n of_o this_o natural_a system_n may_v no_o less_o certain_o be_v expect_v nor_o be_v less_o natural_o derive_v from_o thence_o than_o the_o strength_n of_o our_o hand_n do_v proceed_v from_o the_o due_a state_n of_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o blood_n and_o nervous_a juice_n though_o we_o confess_v that_o many_o thing_n may_v happen_v which_o may_v cause_v this_o general_a care_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n not_o always_o to_o meet_v with_o the_o good_a effect_n we_o desire_v so_o that_o particular_a person_n may_v certain_o infallible_o enjoy_v all_o the_o felicity_n they_o can_v hope_v for_o or_o expect_v yet_o this_o be_v no_o argument_n against_o it_o any_o more_o than_o that_o the_o take_n in_o of_o air_n and_o aliment_n however_o necessary_a for_o the_o whole_a body_n shall_v prevent_v all_o those_o accident_n and_o distemper_n it_o be_v subject_a to_o since_o it_o may_v happen_v as_o well_o by_o the_o violent_a and_o unjust_a action_n of_o our_o fellow_n subject_n like_o the_o disease_a constitution_n of_o some_o inward_a part_n or_o by_o the_o invasion_n of_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n like_o a_o blow_n or_o other_o outward_a violence_n that_o good_a man_n may_v be_v deprive_v in_o this_o life_n of_o some_o reward_n of_o their_o good_a deed_n and_o may_v also_o suffer_v divers_a outward_a evil_n yet_o since_o these_o be_v more_o often_o repel_v by_o the_o force_n of_o concord_n and_o civil_a government_n or_o be_v often_o shake_v off_o after_o some_o short_a disturbance_n either_o by_o our_o own_o private_a power_n or_o else_o by_o that_o of_o the_o civil_a sword_n as_o disease_n be_v throw_v off_o by_o a_o healthful_a crisis_n or_o effort_n of_o nature_n so_o that_o notwithstanding_o all_o these_o evil_n man_n be_v more_o often_o recompense_v with_o great_a good_n partly_o from_o the_o assistance_n of_o other_o but_o chief_o from_o that_o of_o civil_a government_n or_o else_o of_o league_n make_v with_o neighbour_a state_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o mankind_n have_v never_o be_v yet_o destroy_v notwithstanding_o all_o the_o tyranny_n and_o war_n that_o man_n unreasonable_a passion_n have_v exercise_v and_o raise_v in_o the_o world_n and_o that_o civil_a government_n or_o empire_n have_v be_v more_o last_a than_o the_o most_o long_o live_v animal_n from_o all_o which_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o deprive_v appetite_n of_o divers_a man_n or_o those_o passion_n which_o do_v often_o produce_v motion_n so_o opposite_a to_o the_o common_a good_a ought_v no_o more_o to_o hinder_v we_o from_o acknowledge_v the_o natural_a propension_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n consider_v together_o to_o be_v more_o powerful_o carry_v towards_o that_o which_o we_o every_o day_n see_v may_v be_v procure_v thereby_o viz._n the_o conservation_n and_o far_a perfection_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n than_o that_o divers_a disease_n breed_v in_o the_o part_n of_o animal_n or_o any_o outward_a violence_n shall_v hinder_v we_o from_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o frame_n of_o their_o body_n and_o the_o natural_a function_n of_o their_o part_n be_v fit_v and_o intend_v by_o god_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o life_n and_o the_o propagation_n of_o their_o species_n but_o that_o we_o may_v carry_v on_o this_o similitude_n between_o a_o live_a body_n and_o its_o particular_a member_n with_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n and_o all_o the_o individual_v contain_v under_o it_o a_o little_a far_o i_o will_v here_o give_v you_o monsieur_n pascal_n excellent_a notion_n concern_v this_o common_a good_a as_o it_o be_v publish_v in_o those_o fragment_n morales_n entitle_v les_fw-fr pensees_n de_fw-fr mounseur_fw-fr pascal_n since_o it_o both_o explain_v and_o confirm_v our_o method_n he_o there_o suppose_v that_o god_n have_v make_v the_o heaven_n and_o the_o earth_n and_o divers_a other_o creature_n not_o at_o all_o sensible_a of_o their_o common_a happiness_n will_v also_o make_v some_o rational_a being_n which_o may_v know_v he_o and_o may_v make_v up_o one_o body_n consist_v of_o rational_a member_n and_o that_o all_o man_n be_v member_n of_o this_o body_n so_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o their_o happiness_n that_o all_o particular_a man_n as_o member_n of_o this_o body_n conform_v their_o particular_a will_n to_o the_o universal_a will_n of_o god_n that_o govern_v the_o whole_a body_n as_o the_o head_n or_o soul_n thereof_o and_o though_o it_o often_o happen_v that_o one_o man_n false_o suppose_v himself_o a_o independent_a be_v and_o so_o will_v make_v himself_o the_o only_a centre_n of_o all_o his_o action_n yet_o he_o will_v at_o last_o find_v himself_o whilst_o in_o this_o state_n separate_v from_o the_o body_n of_o rational_a being_n and_o who_o not_o have_v any_o true_a principle_n of_o life_n or_o motion_n do_v nothing_o but_o wander_v about_o distract_v in_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o his_o own_o be_v but_o if_o ever_o he_o come_v to_o a_o true_a knowledge_n of_o himself_o he_o will_v find_v that_o he_o be_v not_o that_o whole_a body_n but_o only_o a_o small_a member_n of_o it_o and_o have_v no_o proper_a life_n and_o motion_n but_o as_o he_o be_v a_o part_n thereof_o so_o that_o to_o regulate_v our_o self-love_n every_o man_n ought_v to_o imagine_v himself_o but_o one_o small_a part_n of_o this_o body_n of_o mankind_n compose_v of_o so_o many_o intelligent_a member_n and_o to_o know_v what_o proportion_n of_o love_n every_o man_n owe_v himself_o let_v he_o consider_v what_o degree_n of_o love_n the_o body_n bear_v to_o any_o one_o small_a single_a part_n and_o so_o much_o love_n that_o part_n if_o it_o have_v sense_n ought_v to_o bestow_v upon_o itself_o and_o no_o more_o all_o self-love_n that_o exceed_v this_o be_v unjust_a so_o far_o this_o sagacious_a contemplative_a gentleman_n think_v long_o since_o though_o i_o confess_v he_o do_v not_o proceed_v to_o show_v in_o what_o manner_n the_o good_a of_o every_o individual_a person_n depend_v upon_o the_o happiness_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n as_o our_o author_n have_v here_o do_v though_o no_o doubt_n he_o be_v excellent_o well_o fit_v to_o do_v it_o if_o he_o have_v live_v to_o reduce_v those_o excellent_a thought_n into_o a_o set_a discourse_n we_o have_v deliver_v in_o this_o epitome_n the_o sum_n of_o that_o method_n by_o which_o we_o have_v inquire_v into_o the_o sanction_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o which_o we_o have_v consider_v all_o the_o felicity_n natural_o flow_v from_o good_a action_n as_o a_o reward_n annex_v to_o they_o by_o god_n the_o author_n of_o nature_n and_o their_o loss_n or_o contrary_a evil_n that_o follow_v they_o as_o a_o punishment_n natural_o flow_v from_o their_o transgression_n and_o indeed_o our_o method_n seem_v very_o much_o confirm_v from_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o mankind_n since_o all_o man_n of_o however_o different_a opinion_n concern_v moral_a principle_n do_v yet_o agree_v in_o this_o that_o good_a action_n ought_v still_o to_o be_v encourage_v by_o reward_n and_o evil_a one_o to_o be_v restrain_v by_o punishment_n in_o this_o all_o sect_n of_o philosopher_n however_o quarrel_v among_o themselves_o do_v agree_v as_o also_o the_o founder_n of_o all_o religion_n and_o the_o maker_n of_o all_o civil_a law_n have_v make_v this_o their_o main_a foundation_n nay_o those_o who_o will_v seem_v most_o to_o neglect_v all_o reward_n and_o will_v deduce_v all_o virtue_n from_o gratitude_n alone_o yet_o find_v it_o necessary_a to_o acknowledge_v this_o gratitude_n to_o proceed_v from_o the_o memory_n of_o benefit_n receive_v but_o sure_o it_o still_o argue_v as_o much_o love_n towards_o
knowledge_n of_o the_o reason_n and_o ground_n of_o all_o the_o particular_a law_n of_o nature_n §_o 2._o and_o also_o that_o all_o moral_a virtue_n be_v contain_v under_o this_o one_o law_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a that_o prudence_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o knowledge_n of_o our_o duty_n in_o order_n to_o the_o graet_fw-la end_n the_o common_a good_a as_o constancy_n in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o it_o be_v therefore_o true_a fortitude_n §_o 3._o that_o temperance_n or_o moderation_n in_o all_o corporeal_a pleasure_n be_v no_o otherwise_o a_o virtue_n than_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n that_o under_o love_n and_o benevolence_n be_v contain_v the_o virtue_n of_o innocence_n meekness_n etc._n etc._n §_o 4_o 5._o equity_n a_o virtue_n as_o it_o promote_v the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n §_o 6._o the_o same_o prove_v likewise_o of_o justice_n since_o nothing_o can_v be_v call_v we_o either_o by_o natural_a or_o civil_a law_n but_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o this_o great_a end_n and_o a_o natural_a and_o civil_a property_n necessary_a thereunto_o the_o one_o in_o a_o natural_a state_n the_o other_o in_o a_o civil_a society_n §_o 7._o from_o property_n arise_v the_o necessity_n of_o contract_n promise_n gift_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v govern_v by_o this_o great_a law_n §_o 8._o from_o this_o natural_a property_n arise_v the_o virtue_n of_o moderation_n set_v bound_n to_o inordinate_a self-love_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a frugality_n no_o otherwise_o a_o virtue_n than_o as_o it_o render_v we_o not_o burdensome_a not_o injurious_a to_o other_o §_o 9_o the_o natural_a love_n of_o parent_n to_o their_o child_n to_o be_v exercise_v and_o limit_v with_o respect_n to_o the_o common_a good_a §_o 10._o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o moral_a virtue_n such_o as_o temperance_n frugality_n etc._n etc._n more_o particular_o explain_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o same_o original_n and_o not_o to_o be_v understand_v without_o it_o §_o 11._o the_o same_o more_o particular_o apply_v and_o make_v out_o in_o every_o particular_a virtue_n which_o constitute_v justice_n §_o 12._o all_o the_o homolitical_a virtue_n i._n e._n such_o as_o respect_v conversation_n or_o the_o due_a use_n of_o speech_n explain_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n with_o a_o like_a respect_n to_o the_o common_a good_a §_o 13_o 14_o 15._o self-love_n and_o self-preservation_n only_o lawful_a in_o order_n to_o this_o end_n §_o 16._o some_o far_a explanation_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o temperance_n and_o wherein_o it_o consist_v §_o 17._o that_o part_n of_o it_o call_v chastity_n a_o virtue_n only_o as_o it_o tend_v to_o the_o good_a and_o propagation_n of_o mankind_n §_o 18._o another_o part_n of_o it_o viz._n modesty_n in_o seek_v of_o riches_n honour_n etc._n etc._n virtue_n only_a as_o they_o limit_v our_o self-love_n from_o pretend_v to_o more_o than_o we_o have_v need_n of_o or_o deserve_v in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a §_o 19_o that_o a_o regard_n to_o this_o great_a rule_n run_v through_o all_o the_o moral_a virtue_n which_o be_v all_o of_o they_o contain_v under_o the_o most_o diffusive_a benevolence_n towards_o rational_a being_n §_o 20._o right_o reason_n explain_v to_o be_v only_o a_o due_a consideration_n of_o this_o end_n in_o all_o moral_a action_n towards_o god_n or_o man_n and_o that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o moral_a rule_n be_v as_o certain_a as_o that_o of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o any_o other_o natural_a cause_n and_o effect_n concern_v the_o preservation_n of_o animal_n §_o 21._o and_o that_o from_o their_o true_a understanding_n proceed_v all_o the_o certainty_n we_o can_v have_v of_o natural_a law_n notwithstanding_o there_o may_v be_v a_o sufficient_a latitude_n leave_v we_o for_o indifferent_a action_n §_o 22._o the_o common_a good_a as_o it_o be_v a_o collection_n of_o all_o other_o good_n so_o it_o be_v a_o true_a standard_n or_o measure_n of_o they_o as_o show_v what_o good_n be_v to_o be_v seek_v for_o or_o desire_v before_o other_o §_o 23._o it_o be_v only_o to_o be_v learn_v from_o hence_o what_o degree_n of_o passion_n or_o affection_n be_v lawful_a that_o be_v consistent_a with_o the_o common_a good_a and_o consequent_o thereby_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o several_a degree_n and_o proportion_n of_o goodness_n and_o happiness_n §_o 24._o piety_n towards_o god_n a_o virtue_n as_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o rational_a being_n §_o 25._o nothing_o a_o good_a but_o as_o it_o contribute_v to_o this_o great_a end_n §_o 26._o the_o reason_n of_o this_o disquisition_n into_o the_o true_a ground_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a as_o be_v that_o which_o make_v all_o moral_a philosophy_n a_o practical_a science_n and_o not_o mere_o speculative_a like_o that_o of_o the_o stoic_n §_o 27._o a_o brief_a conclusion_n out_o of_o dr._n parker_n demonstration_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n §_o 28._o the_o content_n of_o the_o five_o chapter_n the_o objection_n of_o two_o sort_n of_o man_n platonist_n and_o epicurean_o against_o this_o notion_n of_o the_o common_a good_a the_o objection_n of_o the_o former_a to_o be_v first_o consider_v their_o first_o objection_n that_o it_o be_v more_o suitable_a to_o god_n goodness_n to_o imprint_v certain_a innate_a idea_n of_o good_a and_o evil_n on_o our_o mind_n §_o 1._o answer_v thereunto_o out_o of_o mr._n lock_n be_v essay_n etc._n etc._n §_o 2._o a_o far_a answer_n from_o st._n paul_n that_o the_o visible_a thing_n of_o the_o creation_n be_v a_o sufficient_a proof_n of_o the_o be_v of_o a_o god_n and_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n §_o 3._o the_o laboriousness_n of_o our_o method_n no_o material_a objection_n §_o 4._o a_o explicit_a idea_n of_o this_o common_a good_a not_o always_o necessary_a to_o its_o observation_n §_o 5._o another_o objection_n against_o our_o method_n that_o it_o make_v every_o man_n obligation_n to_o endeavour_v this_o common_a good_a to_o arise_v from_o its_o be_v chief_o good_a to_o himself_o answer_v that_o this_o if_o it_o be_v consider_v will_v prove_v a_o mistake_n though_o i_o grant_v our_o obligation_n to_o it_o as_o a_o law_n can_v extend_v far_o than_o as_o it_o concern_v our_o happiness_n or_o misery_n §_o 6_o 7._o a_o reply_n to_o the_o objection_n of_o the_o epicurean_o the_o first_o objection_n that_o it_o seem_v not_o suitable_a to_o god_n goodness_n etc._n etc._n to_o permit_v this_o great_a end_n of_o the_o common_a good_a to_o depend_v upon_o the_o unreasonable_a passion_n and_o lust_n of_o mankind_n answ._n that_o god_n intend_v man_n for_o a_o voluntary_a creature_n to_o be_v move_v by_o moral_a evil_n as_o well_o as_o good_a and_o that_o god_n notwithstanding_o all_o this_o restrain_v his_o action_n by_o his_o infinite_a power_n and_o providence_n §_o 8_o 9_o second_o objection_n if_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v so_o easy_a to_o be_v know_v how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o so_o many_o nation_n seem_v whole_o ignorant_a of_o it_o many_o live_n without_o any_o knowledge_n of_o a_o god_n or_o of_o a_o moral_a good_a or_o evil_a §_o 10._o answer_n this_o objection_n be_v of_o no_o more_o weight_n against_o the_o certainty_n of_o this_o law_n than_o it_o be_v against_o that_o of_o arithmetic_n and_o geometry_n but_o that_o if_o they_o be_v guilty_a of_o this_o ignorance_n it_o proceed_v either_o from_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o tradition_n of_o the_o creation_n or_o else_o from_o want_n of_o time_n or_o opportunity_n to_o consider_v these_o thing_n §_o 11._o man_n not_o make_v a_o due_a use_n of_o their_o faculty_n in_o discover_v these_o truth_n no_o objection_n against_o their_o certainty_n §_o 12._o the_o last_o objection_n that_o this_o notion_n of_o the_o common_a good_a be_v a_o mere_a platonic_a idea_n without_o any_o reality_n in_o nature_n §_o 13._o this_o objection_n in_o vain_a if_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o this_o notion_n of_o the_o common_a good_a be_v make_v up_o of_o particular_n and_o that_o from_o thence_o arise_v a_o idea_n of_o a_o common_a or_o general_a good_a which_o though_o a_o complex_fw-la one_o be_v as_o true_a and_o real_a as_o any_o other_o and_o as_o agreeable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n far_o prove_v from_o lock_n be_v essay_n and_o that_o mr._n h._n himself_n can_v deny_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o notion_n §_o 14._o mr._n h_n great_a rule_n of_o do_v as_o you_o will_v be_v do_v by_o signify_v nothing_o without_o respect_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n §_o 15._o so_o neither_o that_o of_o preserve_v a_o man_n self_n or_o any_o other_o innocent_a person_n unless_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n §_o 16._o not_o only_o the_o whole_a law_n of_o nature_n but_o the_o reveal_v law_n of_o moses_n and_o
occupancy_n or_o possession_n since_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o this_o more_o exact_a property_n or_o dominion_n consist_v in_o a_o strict_a and_o more_o limit_v use_n of_o these_o thing_n have_v a_o great_a efficacy_n in_o order_n to_o the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o that_o nation_n or_o part_n of_o mankind_n which_o have_v thus_o agree_v to_o it_o than_o the_o bare_a occupancy_n or_o possession_n of_o these_o thing_n have_v before_o such_o a_o division_n make_v or_o agree_v upon_o nor_o can_v it_o now_o be_v alter_v however_o perhaps_o hard_a and_o unequal_a it_o may_v prove_v to_o some_o particular_a person_n since_o it_o will_v always_o conduce_v to_o the_o happiness_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o each_o particular_a civil_a society_n or_o commonweal_n that_o it_o shall_v continue_v as_o it_o do_v than_o it_o shall_v be_v still_o alter_v according_a to_o every_o man_n be_v particular_a fancy_n or_o interest_n since_o such_o a_o change_n can_v never_o be_v make_v without_o inconceivable_a discontent_n and_o civil_a dissension_n which_o will_v quick_o end_v in_o open_a violence_n and_o hostility_n §_o 30._o so_o that_o from_o these_o principle_n here_o lay_v down_o there_o be_v no_o right_o confer_v upon_o any_o man_n of_o do_v whatever_o his_o own_o wild_a fancy_n or_o unbounded_a appetite_n may_v prompt_v he_o to_o but_o only_o what_o he_o shall_v according_a to_o right_a reason_n true_o judge_v necessary_a to_o his_o own_o or_o family_n happiness_n and_o preservation_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n therefore_o i_o here_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o whatever_o right_o we_o enjoy_v even_o to_o the_o thing_n most_o necessary_a for_o our_o preservation_n it_o be_v found_v if_o not_o in_o the_o precept_n yet_o at_o least_o permission_n of_o this_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n when_o we_o true_o judge_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n concern_v the_o mean_n necessary_a and_o conduce_v to_o this_o great_a end_n so_o that_o it_o can_v never_o be_v prove_v that_o any_o one_o have_v a_o right_a of_o preserve_v himself_o unless_o it_o be_v first_o make_v out_o how_o this_o right_a of_o self-preservation_n conduce_v to_o or_o at_o least_o consist_v with_o this_o common_a good_n since_o no_o rational_a man_n can_v ever_o believe_v that_o god_n intend_v the_o preservation_n much_o less_o the_o sensual_a pleasure_n of_o any_o one_o man_n as_o the_o sole_a end_n of_o his_o creation_n which_o principle_n be_v once_o establish_v as_o the_o foundation_n and_o original_a of_o all_o the_o natural_a or_o civil_a right_n we_o enjoy_v our_o own_o natural_a power_n and_o right_n will_v appear_v so_o limit_v thereby_o that_o we_o can_v without_o injury_n and_o injustice_n violate_v or_o invade_v the_o right_n of_o other_o much_o less_o break_v out_o into_o open_a war_n against_o they_o without_o just_a cause_n nay_o all_o those_o argument_n by_o which_o any_o one_o man_n can_v assume_v a_o right_a to_o preserve_v himself_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n will_v likewise_o be_v of_o the_o same_o force_n to_o prove_v that_o he_o ought_v to_o preserve_v other_o also_o and_o that_o it_o can_v never_o become_v lawful_a for_o we_o in_o any_o state_n to_o rob_v innocent_a person_n of_o what_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o wellbeing_a and_o preservation_n but_o rather_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o all_o man_n natural_a right_n shall_v be_v secure_v from_o the_o mischief_n of_o unreasonable_a violence_n and_o war_n and_o contention_n which_o natural_a security_n in_o a_o civil_a state_n or_o commonweal_n be_v high_o improve_v and_o increase_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o humane_a skill_n and_o industry_n according_a to_o the_o establish_a law_n of_o property_n or_o dominion_n §_o 31._o i_o have_v speak_v thus_o much_o concern_v the_o necessary_a connexion_n between_o the_o particular_a action_n above_o mention_v and_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n that_o by_o consider_v their_o relation_n to_o this_o great_a end_n the_o nature_n of_o all_o humane_a action_n may_v more_o certain_o be_v know_v and_o predetermine_v since_o the_o dependence_n of_o natural_a effect_n on_o their_o cause_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a and_o immutable_a for_o as_o well_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n or_o community_n as_o of_o civil_a society_n or_o separate_v property_n those_o humane_a action_n which_o cause_n or_o procure_v that_o the_o mind_n of_o all_o other_o person_n shall_v not_o be_v prejudice_v by_o error_n lie_n or_o perfidiousness_n nor_o their_o body_n hurt_v nor_o their_o life_n good_n fame_n and_o chastity_n violate_v or_o take_v away_o and_o also_o by_o which_o a_o grateful_a return_n be_v render_v to_o those_o that_o have_v do_v we_o good_a or_o in_o short_a all_o those_o action_n by_o which_o the_o true_a happiness_n of_o any_o one_o man_n or_o more_o be_v procure_v without_o injury_n to_o other_o as_o they_o always_o be_v so_o they_o ever_o will_v be_v the_o certain_a cause_n of_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n and_o be_v therefore_o distinguish_v by_o the_o title_n of_o moral_a virtue_n as_o i_o shall_v more_o at_o large_a demonstrate_v in_o this_o discourse_n when_o i_o come_v to_o show_v how_o all_o moral_a virtue_n be_v derive_v from_o and_o at_o last_o resolve_v into_o this_o principle_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n but_o least_o the_o variousness_n of_o the_o observation_n treat_v of_o in_o this_o chapter_n and_o their_o independance_n upon_o each_o other_o shall_v render_v they_o perplex_v and_o consequent_o unconvince_v to_o common_a reader_n who_o may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o carry_v so_o long_a a_o train_n of_o consequence_n in_o their_o mind_n i_o shall_v contract_v what_o have_v be_v now_o say_v into_o these_o few_o plain_a proposition_n 1._o that_o though_o all_o particular_a man_n be_v mortal_a and_o but_o of_o a_o short_a duration_n yet_o that_o god_n have_v still_o preserve_v mankind_n without_o any_o sensible_a failure_n or_o decay_n 2._o that_o in_o order_n to_o this_o god_n have_v make_v man_n to_o be_v propagate_v by_o generation_n and_o also_o to_o be_v preserve_v by_o divers_a outward_a mean_n which_o we_o call_v necessary_n of_o life_n 3._o that_o these_o natural_a mean_n can_v no_o way_n answer_v this_o end_n but_o as_o they_o be_v allow_v or_o appropriate_v to_o the_o use_n and_o occasion_n of_o particular_a person_n during_o the_o time_n they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o they_o and_o so_o can_v at_o the_o same_o time_n answer_v the_o different_a or_o contrary_a desire_n and_o necessity_n of_o divers_a man_n endeavour_v to_o use_v these_o thing_n after_o contrary_a or_o different_a manner_n 4._o that_o the_o take_v away_o those_o necessary_n of_o life_n which_o another_o be_v right_o possess_v of_o do_v not_o only_o cause_v the_o ruin_n and_o destruction_n of_o that_o person_n and_o his_o family_n who_o be_v thus_o possess_v of_o they_o but_o by_o cause_v a_o perpetual_a strife_n among_o mankind_n will_v render_v these_o thing_n uncapable_a of_o be_v make_v use_n of_o at_o all_o for_o their_o common_a good_a and_o preservation_n 5._o that_o such_o a_o strife_n if_o prosecute_v to_o the_o utmost_a will_v certain_o end_v in_o the_o destruction_n not_o only_o of_o particular_a person_n and_o nation_n but_o of_o all_o mankind_n contrary_a to_o god_n design_n 6._o from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v rational_o collect_v that_o god_n design_n the_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n as_o also_o of_o all_o individual_a person_n as_o part_n of_o it_o as_o far_o as_o their_o frail_a and_o mortal_a nature_n will_v permit_v and_o in_o subordination_n to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a body_n thereof_o 7._o that_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o sure_a mean_n to_o procure_v this_o great_a end_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n than_o a_o universal_a benevolence_n towards_o rational_a being_n consist_v first_o in_o divine_a love_n or_o piety_n towards_o god_n and_o in_o respect_n of_o man_n not_o only_o in_o permit_v each_o other_o quiet_o to_o enjoy_v all_o the_o necessary_n of_o life_n but_o also_o in_o make_v a_o settle_a division_n of_o they_o to_o other_o so_o as_o to_o be_v appropriate_v to_o several_a man_n use_n or_o occasion_n which_o dictate_v be_v give_v we_o by_o god_n as_o a_o rule_n of_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o which_o be_v contain_v our_o true_a happiness_n as_o in_o its_o violation_n our_o great_a misery_n be_v therefore_o true_o and_o proper_o a_o law_n and_o indeed_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n chap._n ii_o observation_n and_o conclusion_n draw_v from_o the_o consideration_n of_o humane_a nature_n and_o right_a reason_n as_o also_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n §_o 1._o have_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n draw_v such_o easy_a
of_o a_o ordinary_a humane_a body_n do_v seldom_o exceed_v above_o a_o four_o part_n of_o that_o of_o a_o horse_n or_o bull_n yet_o for_o the_o motion_n and_o government_n of_o so_o much_o a_o small_a body_n nature_n have_v allow_v he_o near_o double_a the_o quantity_n of_o brain_n viz._n about_o the_o weight_n of_o four_o or_o five_o pound_n so_o that_o there_o be_v eight_o time_n as_o much_o brain_n appoint_v for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o like_a bulk_n in_o a_o man_n as_o in_o a_o ox_n or_o horse_n and_o though_o the_o carcase_n of_o the_o large_a sheep_n and_o hog_n do_v often_o weigh_v near_a as_o much_o as_o a_o humane_a body_n yet_o their_o brain_n be_v not_o above_o a_o eight_o part_n of_o the_o weight_n in_o proportion_n to_o we_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v thus_o ordain_v by_o nature_n that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a largeness_n of_o the_o vessel_n the_o animal_n spirit_n shall_v be_v prepare_v in_o great_a plenty_n and_o also_o have_v more_o room_n to_o work_v and_o so_o shall_v become_v more_o lively_a and_o vigorous_a in_o man_n than_o in_o other_o creature_n since_o all_o the_o nerve_n do_v either_o spring_n from_o the_o brain_n or_o else_o from_o the_o spinal_a marrow_n which_o be_v continuous_a and_o of_o the_o same_o substance_n with_o it_o whence_o it_o may_v follow_v that_o this_o large_a quantity_n and_o consequent_o great_a strength_n of_o brain_n in_o a_o man_n above_o other_o creature_n be_v intend_v to_o serve_v he_o to_o direct_v and_o govern_v that_o great_a variety_n of_o motion_n and_o action_n depend_v thereupon_o with_o a_o more_o exact_a care_n and_o deliberation_n §_o 17._o a_o second_o observation_n to_o prove_v that_o man_n be_v a_o creature_n ordain_v by_o god_n for_o a_o full_a and_o more_o constant_a association_n with_o those_o of_o his_o own_o kind_a which_o also_o tend_v to_o the_o promote_a of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o his_o species_n than_o other_o creature_n may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o his_o blood_n and_o spermatick_a vessel_n by_o which_o his_o appetite_n to_o copulation_n be_v not_o confine_v as_o in_o most_o other_o creature_n to_o some_o certain_a time_n but_o be_v equal_o the_o same_o at_o all_o season_n of_o the_o year_n from_o whence_o proceed_v a_o desire_n of_o marriage_n or_o a_o constant_a cohabitation_n with_o one_o or_o more_o woman_n from_o whence_o must_v likewise_o follow_v a_o more_o constant_a generation_n of_o their_o offspring_n and_o a_o more_o last_a care_n of_o they_o when_o generate_v and_o bring_v forth_o for_o whereas_o brute_n quit_v the_o care_n of_o their_o young_a and_o drive_v they_o away_o from_o they_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o they_o be_v able_a to_o shift_v for_o themselves_o man_n alone_a love_n and_o cherish_v his_o offspring_n and_o continue_v his_o love_n and_o care_n of_o they_o as_o long_o as_o they_o live_v and_o still_o love_v they_o the_o more_o the_o long_o they_o have_v continue_v with_o they_o and_o the_o more_o care_n and_o pain_n they_o have_v bestow_v on_o their_o education_n and_o so_o likewise_o man_n be_v the_o only_a creature_n we_o know_v of_o that_o make_v any_o return_n for_o this_o care_n by_o act_n of_o duty_n and_o gratitude_n towards_o his_o parent_n for_o as_o for_o the_o gratitude_n of_o stork_n to_o their_o sire_n or_o dam_n when_o old_a i_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o old_a fable_n §_o 18._o last_o i_o shall_v consider_v the_o wonderful_a frame_n and_o structure_n of_o the_o hand_n in_o man_n which_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o not_o peculiar_a to_o he_o alone_o all_o creature_n of_o the_o ape_n or_o monkey_n kind_a have_v their_o fore-paw_n very_o like_o it_o and_o in_o many_o action_n use_v they_o to_o the_o same_o end_n both_o in_o feed_v themselves_o and_o carry_v their_o young_a one_o yet_o since_o we_o see_v our_o hand_n be_v not_o give_v we_o instead_o of_o foot_n to_o go_v upon_o as_o in_o they_o we_o may_v just_o conclude_v that_o they_o be_v frame_v for_o some_o high_a and_o noble_a use_n than_o our_o bare_a preservation_n or_o the_o hurt_v or_o destroy_v of_o other_o since_o if_o god_n have_v ordain_v they_o only_o for_o this_o end_n sharp_a tooth_n claw_n and_o horn_n will_v have_v do_v much_o better_a and_o will_v have_v save_v we_o the_o trouble_n of_o make_v sword_n spear_n and_o such_o like_a instrument_n not_o only_o of_o self-preservation_n but_o destruction_n whereas_o we_o find_v that_o by_o the_o help_n of_o our_o hand_n direct_v by_o our_o reason_n we_o be_v able_a to_o do_v much_o more_o than_o any_o of_o those_o weak_a silly_a animal_n can_v do_v with_o their_o paw_n since_o they_o can_v serve_v they_o to_o make_v any_o of_o those_o ordinary_a instrument_n or_o utensil_n of_o life_n which_o even_o the_o most_o barbarous_a nation_n can_v be_v without_o or_o so_o much_o as_o to_o administer_v to_o each_o other_o many_o of_o those_o ordinary_a help_n and_o assistance_n which_o man_n by_o mean_n of_o their_o hand_n do_v daily_o afford_v each_o other_o so_o that_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o ordinary_a use_n of_o these_o member_n especial_o in_o labour_a man_n and_o mechanic_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o they_o do_v not_o only_o serve_v for_o their_o own_o sustenance_n and_o preservation_n but_o also_o for_o the_o benefit_n and_o maintenance_n of_o many_o other_o of_o their_o own_o kind_n who_o can_v well_o subsist_v without_o the_o manual_a labour_n of_o other_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v this_o noble_a instrument_n the_o hand_n be_v often_o abuse_v by_o wicked_a and_o violent_a man_n to_o make_v unjust_a war_n and_o commit_v murder_n and_o robbery_n and_o by_o lesser_a thief_n to_o pick_v pocket_n pilfer_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o without_o this_o they_o can_v never_o commit_v such_o villainy_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o their_o hand_n be_v bestow_v upon_o they_o by_o god_n for_o that_o end_n since_o if_o he_o intend_v the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n as_o his_o great_a end_n he_o never_o can_v intend_v that_o these_o instrument_n shall_v be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o a_o quite_o contrary_a design_n viz._n their_o ruin_n and_o destruction_n so_o that_o whoever_o will_v but_o strict_o consider_v all_o this_o can_v but_o confess_v that_o we_o be_v make_v and_o ordain_v to_o depend_v upon_o each_o other_o assistance_n and_o that_o man_n be_v create_v for_o a_o high_a purpose_n than_o his_o own_o single_a self-preservation_n §_o 19_o which_o may_v be_v far_o make_v out_o from_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o humane_a nature_n as_o that_o no_o man_n be_v bear_v self-sufficient_a or_o able_a to_o procure_v all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o his_o bare_a subsistence_n much_o less_o for_o a_o quiet_a or_o pleasant_a life_n but_o needs_o the_o assistance_n of_o other_o to_o breed_v he_o up_o whilst_o a_o infant_n or_o to_o tend_v he_o when_o he_o be_v sick_a old_a or_o unable_a to_o help_v himself_o or_o if_o it_o be_v sometime_o possible_a for_o a_o time_n yet_o it_o must_v be_v with_o great_a hardship_n and_o scantiness_n that_o any_o man_n be_v own_o single_a labour_n unassisted_a with_o the_o help_n of_o other_o can_v provide_v himself_o all_o the_o necessary_n of_o life_n whence_o first_o arise_v another_o necessity_n of_o marriage_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v the_o contract_n of_o a_o man_n and_o a_o woman_n to_o live_v together_o for_o the_o propagation_n of_o their_o species_n and_o breed_v up_o of_o their_o offspring_n and_o also_o for_o mutual_a help_n and_o a_o joint_a provision_n of_o the_o necessary_n of_o life_n for_o themselves_o and_o they_o and_o second_o a_o necessity_n of_o a_o man_n live_v in_o concord_n or_o society_n with_o all_o other_o man_n especial_o those_o of_o his_o own_o nation_n or_o commonwealth_n so_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a the_o chief_a happiness_n and_o wellbeing_a of_o mankind_n depend_v upon_o their_o mutual_a administration_n of_o these_o thing_n as_o often_o as_o need_v shall_v require_v that_o be_v upon_o act_n of_o the_o high_a love_n and_o benevolence_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_n to_o all_o which_o may_v be_v add_v another_o observation_n of_o the_o great_a difference_n in_o the_o frame_n of_o man_n body_n from_o those_o of_o brute_n in_o the_o upright_a posture_n of_o their_o progressive_a motion_n man_n alone_o go_v upon_o two_o leg_n whereas_o most_o other_o terrestrial_a animal_n go_v upon_o all_o four_o whereby_o man_n have_v the_o constant_a use_n of_o their_o hand_n both_o to_o help_v and_o assist_v themselves_o and_o other_o to_o a_o much_o great_a degree_n and_o in_o a_o much_o more_o powerful_a manner_n than_o what_o brute_n be_v able_a to_o perform_v but_o whereas_o some_o atheist_n have_v allege_v that_o this_o posture_n proceed_v rather_o from_o custom_n and_o
endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n as_o the_o great_a they_o be_v capable_a of_o it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o we_o lie_v under_o a_o sufficient_a obligation_n by_o all_o the_o tie_v of_o duty_n and_o gratitude_n to_o concur_v with_o god_n will_n and_o design_n in_o pursue_v and_o endeavour_v this_o great_a end_n §_o 11._o but_o since_o god_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o make_v man_n a_o creature_n consist_v of_o two_o different_a and_o distinct_a part_n or_o principle_n a_o soul_n and_o a_o body_n both_o capable_a of_o good_a and_o evil_a i._n e._n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n i_o come_v now_o to_o the_o other_o part_n of_o this_o duty_n or_o obligation_n by_o which_o we_o be_v bind_v by_o all_o the_o rational_a motive_n or_o reward_n that_o man_n nature_n be_v capable_a of_o to_o observe_v this_o great_a law_n and_o deter_v by_o all_o the_o contrary_a evil_n or_o punishment_n from_o neglect_v or_o transgress_v it_o in_o order_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o these_o plain_a axiom_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a which_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o learned_a bishop_n wilkin_n excellent_a discourse_n of_o natural_a religion_n axiom_n 1._o that_o which_o be_v moral_o good_a i.e._n agreeable_a to_o the_o will_n of_o god_n be_v to_o be_v desire_v and_o prosecute_v and_o that_o which_o be_v evil_a i._n e._n contrary_a to_o his_o will_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v ax._n 2._o the_o great_a congruity_n there_o be_v in_o any_o thing_n to_o the_o reason_n of_o mankind_n and_o the_o great_a tendency_n it_o have_v to_o promote_v or_o hinder_v the_o perfection_n of_o man_n nature_n in_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a so_o much_o great_a degree_n it_o have_v of_o moral_a good_a or_o evil_a and_o according_a to_o which_o we_o ought_v to_o proportion_v our_o inclination_n or_o aversion_n thereunto_o ax._n 3_o so_o that_o it_o be_v suitable_a both_o to_o the_o reason_n and_o interest_n of_o mankind_n that_o all_o person_n shall_v submit_v themselves_o to_o god_n will_n upon_o who_o they_o depend_v for_o their_o happiness_n and_o wellbeing_a by_o do_v such_o thing_n as_o may_v render_v they_o acceptable_a to_o he_o and_o avoid_v those_o contrary_a action_n which_o may_v provoke_v his_o displeasure_n that_o be_v in_o short_a in_o prosecute_a the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n ax._n 4._o hence_o the_o rational_a nature_n and_o the_o perfection_n belong_v to_o it_o be_v more_o noble_a than_o the_o sensitive_a a_o moral_a good_a be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o a_o animal_n pleasure_n and_o that_o which_o be_v moral_o evil_a be_v more_o to_o be_v avoid_v than_o that_o which_o be_v mere_o animal_n ax._n 5._o a_o present_a animal_n good_a may_v be_v part_v with_o upon_o a_o probable_a expectation_n of_o a_o great_a future_a moral_n good_n ax._n 6._o a_o present_a evil_n be_v to_o be_v endure_v for_o the_o probable_a avoid_n of_o a_o great_a though_o future_a evil._n but_o since_o all_o the_o reward_n which_o god_n can_v bestow_v upon_o we_o for_o our_o observe_v this_o fundamental_a law_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n do_v only_o amount_v to_o the_o true_a and_o high_a happiness_n that_o man_n nature_n be_v capable_a of_o it_o be_v fit_a that_o we_o sufficient_o state_n that_o happiness_n and_o wherein_o it_o consist_v for_o the_o clear_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o these_o two_o plain_a proposition_n §_o 12._o prop._n 1._o that_o which_o give_v or_o constitute_v the_o essence_n of_o any_o thing_n and_o distinguish_v it_o from_o all_o other_o thing_n be_v call_v the_o essential_a form_n of_o that_o thing_n prop._n 2._o that_o state_n or_o condition_n by_o which_o the_o nature_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o utmost_a perfection_n which_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o according_a to_o its_o kind_n be_v call_v the_o chief_a end_n good_a or_o happiness_n of_o such_o a_o be_v thus_o for_o example_n to_o give_v you_o a_o scale_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o being_n we_o know_v to_o be_v endue_v with_o life_n or_o motion_n 1._o the_o nature_n of_o plant_n consist_v in_o have_v a_o vegetative_a life_n by_o which_o they_o receive_v nourishment_n and_o growth_n and_o be_v enable_v to_o multiply_v their_o kind_n the_o utmost_a perfection_n which_o this_o kind_n of_o be_v be_v capable_a of_o be_v to_o grow_v up_o to_o a_o state_n of_o maturity_n to_o continue_v unto_o its_o natural_a period_n and_o to_o propagate_v its_o kind_n 2._o the_o nature_n of_o brutus_n beside_o what_o be_v common_a to_o they_o with_o plant_n consist_v in_o their_o be_v endue_v with_o faculty_n whereby_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o apprehend_v external_a object_n and_o of_o receive_v pain_n or_o pleasure_n from_o they_o in_o order_n to_o their_o own_o preservation_n and_o the_o propagation_n of_o their_o species_n the_o utmost_a perfection_n of_o these_o consist_v in_o mere_a sensitive_a pleasure_n i_o e._n of_o do_v and_o enjoy_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v grateful_a to_o their_o appetite_n and_o sense_n but_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n beside_o what_o be_v common_a to_o he_o with_o plant_n and_o brute_n both_o in_o the_o vegetative_a and_o sensitive_a life_n consist_v in_o the_o faculty_n of_o right_a reason_n whereby_o he_o be_v make_v capable_a of_o understand_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o its_o reward_n and_o punishment_n either_o in_o this_o life_n or_o that_o to_o come_v to_o induce_v he_o to_o their_o observation_n and_o deter_v he_o from_o the_o transgression_n of_o they_o which_o sentiment_n as_o no_o creature_n in_o this_o visible_a world_n except_o man_n do_v partake_v of_o so_o his_o chief_a good_a or_o happiness_n consist_v in_o the_o improvement_n and_o perfection_n of_o this_o faculty_n that_o be_v in_o such_o action_n as_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o right_a reason_n and_o as_o may_v best_o entitle_v he_o to_o the_o divine_a favour_n and_o afford_v he_o the_o great_a assurance_n of_o a_o last_a happiness_n both_o in_o this_o life_n and_o after_o it_o be_v end_v so_o that_o all_o the_o action_n of_o man_n consider_v as_o voluntary_a and_o subject_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o thereby_o capable_a of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n be_v call_v moral_a as_o be_v direct_v by_o god_n the_o supreme_a legislator_n to_o the_o great_a and_o most_o excellent_a end_n viz._n the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n §_o 13._o have_v lay_v down_o these_o principle_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a in_o order_n to_o the_o settle_n and_o clear_v the_o nature_n of_o this_o obligation_n and_o wherein_o it_o consist_v i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n particular_o declare_v the_o sanction_n of_o this_o law_n viz._n those_o reward_n which_o god_n have_v ordain_v for_o the_o observation_n of_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a and_o those_o punishment_n he_o have_v appoint_v for_o its_o breach_n or_o transgression_n but_o i_o have_v already_o lay_v down_o that_o all_o obligation_n upon_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n arise_v proper_o from_o the_o command_v of_o some_o rightful_a superior_a power_n that_o be_v such_o a_o one_o who_o have_v not_o only_o force_v sufficient_a to_o inflict_v what_o evil_n he_o please_v upon_o the_o disobedient_a but_o who_o have_v also_o give_v we_o just_a ground_n or_o reason_n wherefore_o he_o require_v we_o to_o determine_v the_o natural_a liberty_n of_o our_o will_n according_a to_o his_o pleasure_n both_o which_o whenever_o they_o meet_v in_o any_o supreme_a power_n and_o that_o he_o have_v once_o signify_v his_o will_n to_o we_o aught_o to_o produce_v in_o our_o mind_n not_o only_o fear_v to_o offend_v but_o also_o a_o love_n of_o and_o obedience_n to_o his_o command_n the_o former_a from_o the_o consideration_n of_o his_o irresistible_a power_n the_o latter_a from_o their_o own_o intrinseck_n goodness_n as_o also_o from_o all_o those_o motive_n which_o ought_v to_o persuade_v we_o to_o perform_v his_o will._n for_o as_o one_o who_o have_v no_o other_o reason_n than_o downright_a force_n why_o he_o will_v have_v i_o perform_v and_o submit_v to_o his_o command_n whether_o i_o will_v or_o no_o may_v indeed_o so_o far_o terrify_v i_o that_o to_o avoid_v a_o great_a evil_n i_o may_v think_v it_o best_o to_o obey_v he_o yet_o that_o fear_v once_o remove_v there_o will_v then_o remain_v nothing_o that_o can_v hinder_v i_o from_o act_v according_a to_o my_o own_o rather_o than_o his_o will_n or_o humour_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n he_o who_o can_v give_v i_o never_o so_o good_a reason_n why_o i_o ought_v to_o obey_v he_o yet_o if_o destitute_a of_o power_n to_o inflict_v any_o punishment_n upon_o i_o for_o my_o disobedience_n such_o his_o command_n may_v without_o any_o outward_a inconvenience_n be_v neglect_v by_o
beside_o himself_o and_o that_o he_o do_v true_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n towards_o himself_o by_o a_o temperate_a and_o a_o rational_a life_n as_o also_o towards_o his_o neighbour_n by_o observe_v that_o great_a rule_n of_o do_v as_o he_o will_v be_v do_v by_o in_o all_o case_n towards_o other_o i_o say_v such_o a_o man_n though_o never_o so_o simple_a and_o ignorant_a in_o other_o thing_n do_v real_o contribute_v his_o share_n of_o endeavour_n towards_o procure_v the_o common_a good_a and_o though_o he_o may_v not_o distinct_o know_v all_o the_o true_a reason_n and_o ground_n of_o his_o own_o action_n yet_o if_o he_o thus_o lead_v his_o life_n and_o observe_v all_o these_o rule_n tend_v to_o this_o end_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o he_o will_v meet_v with_o all_o those_o reward_n intend_v by_o god_n for_o virtuous_a action_n provide_v he_o have_v never_o hear_v of_o or_o at_o least_o wilful_o refuse_v the_o more_o perfect_a law_n of_o the_o gospel_n deliver_v by_o our_o saviour_n jesus_n christ_n when_o due_o propose_v to_o he_o thus_o a_o country_n carpenter_n may_v deserve_v sufficient_a wage_n and_o commendation_n if_o he_o can_v build_v a_o house_n and_o honest_o perform_v his_o work_n according_a to_o those_o few_o practical_a rule_n he_o have_v learn_v though_o he_o do_v not_o understand_v all_o the_o principle_n of_o geometry_n or_o architecture_n according_a to_o which_o all_o that_o he_o have_v wrought_v may_v easy_o be_v demonstrate_v to_o he_o if_o he_o will_v but_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o understand_v they_o §_o 6._o there_o be_v another_o objection_n which_o this_o sort_n of_o man_n may_v make_v against_o our_o method_n of_o find_v out_o and_o demonstrate_v this_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n in_o that_o i_o make_v every_o man_n obligation_n to_o endeavour_v it_o to_o arise_v from_o its_o be_v good_a or_o evil_n to_o himself_o alone_o whereby_o it_o may_v seem_v as_o if_o we_o suppose_v the_o honour_n of_o god_n and_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n be_v to_o be_v postpone_v and_o make_v subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o happiness_n of_o any_o particular_a person_n to_o satisfy_v which_o scruple_n i_o do_v in_o the_o first_o place_n affirm_v that_o we_o do_v not_o intend_v any_o such_o thing_n since_o we_o have_v all_o along_o endeavour_v to_o establish_v the_o quite_o contrary_a doctrine_n for_o i_o assert_v that_o no_o man_n have_v any_o right_n proper_o so_o call_v to_o his_o own_o life_n or_o be_v but_o in_o order_n and_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o honour_n and_o service_n of_o god_n and_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n i_o shall_v therefore_o now_o more_o distinct_o declare_v how_o these_o though_o some_o may_v think_v they_o contrary_a to_o each_o other_o do_v very_o well_o consist_v in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o our_o natural_a obligation_n to_o this_o law_n be_v not_o discover_v by_o we_o in_o the_o same_o order_n and_o method_n as_o it_o be_v constitute_v by_o god_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n for_o our_o weak_a finite_a understanding_n when_o act_v without_o the_o assistance_n of_o divine_a revelation_n do_v slow_o enough_o at_o first_o attain_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o individual_a or_o single_a thing_n and_o thence_o take_v rise_v from_o such_o common_a effect_n as_o be_v most_o obvious_a to_o our_o sense_n proceed_v to_o their_o more_o obstruse_a cause_n until_o at_o length_n discover_v one_o infinite_a be_v call_v god_n to_o be_v the_o first_o cause_n and_o creator_n of_o all_o thing_n we_o from_o thence_o collect_v not_o only_o what_o be_v his_o nature_n but_o also_o what_o be_v his_o will_n whereby_o we_o do_v not_o only_o find_v that_o he_o be_v the_o best_a and_o most_o perfect_a be_v but_o that_o as_o such_o he_o will_v and_o procure_v the_o good_a and_o preservation_n not_o of_o some_o few_o singular_n alone_o but_o of_o the_o whole_a species_n of_o mankind_n and_o last_o that_o he_o will_v have_v we_o man_n cooperate_v as_o subordinate_a though_o free_a agent_n to_o this_o end_n as_o the_o great_a and_o worthy_a we_o can_v undertake_v which_o though_o it_o be_v the_o last_o thing_n we_o come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o yet_o be_v that_o which_o be_v first_o and_o chief_o intend_v by_o god_n as_o the_o principal_a object_n of_o our_o knowledge_n and_o the_o main_a end_n of_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v evident_a this_o knowledge_n of_o ourselves_o and_o of_o thing_n thus_o learn_v from_o experience_n and_o observation_n be_v intend_v by_o god_n only_o to_o serve_v as_o step_n to_o raise_v we_o to_o that_o large_a knowledge_n and_o noble_a desire_n of_o pursue_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n as_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o our_o moral_a duty_n and_o that_o our_o will_n and_o affection_n towards_o this_o end_n be_v not_o to_o be_v regulate_v or_o direct_v in_o the_o same_o order_n by_o which_o this_o common_a good_a come_v to_o be_v discover_v i._n e._n with_o a_o respect_n to_o ourselves_o alone_o but_o from_o a_o true_a judgement_n concern_v the_o measure_n of_o that_o natural_a good_a and_o perfection_n therein_o contain_v so_o that_o though_o we_o be_v at_o first_o indeed_o excite_v to_o the_o procure_v our_o own_o happiness_n as_o the_o prime_n and_o most_o natural_a motive_n of_o all_o our_o action_n yet_o we_o come_v at_o last_o upon_o better_a consideration_n to_o discover_v that_o this_o happiness_n of_o we_o be_v contain_v in_o our_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n and_o be_v inseparable_a from_o it_o as_o the_o conservation_n of_o any_o of_o our_o particular_a member_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o health_n and_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n §_o 7._o and_o this_o proposition_n that_o every_o single_a man_n good_a be_v contain_v in_o the_o common-good_a prove_v indeed_o that_o the_o sanction_n of_o this_o general_a law_n be_v by_o reward_n and_o punishment_n to_o every_o single_a man_n but_o that_o every_o be_v not_o to_o be_v restrain_v to_o myself_o or_o any_o one_o man_n alone_o but_o extend_v alike_o to_o each_o other_o man_n or_o all_o man_n since_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o these_o word_n every_o man_n collective_o take_v amount_v to_o all_o man_n as_o every_o part_n collective_o take_v signify_v the_o whole_a and_o though_o the_o main_a end_n intend_v by_o god_n the_o legislator_n from_o such_o reward_n and_o punishment_n be_v obedience_n to_o his_o law_n and_o the_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n as_o his_o subject_n which_o be_v indeed_o of_o much_o great_a value_n to_o he_o than_o the_o happiness_n of_o any_o one_o single_a person_n yet_o will_v it_o not_o detract_v from_o the_o perfection_n or_o sincerity_n of_o this_o obedience_n if_o from_o the_o consideration_n of_o a_o man_n be_v own_o particular_a happiness_n or_o misery_n he_o thereby_o come_v to_o consider_v and_o understand_v that_o god_n have_v command_v he_o to_o pursue_v a_o high_a and_o noble_a end_n than_o that_o alone_o yet_o to_o which_o his_o own_o happiness_n or_o misery_n be_v inseparable_o connect_v §_o 8._o i_o come_v in_o the_o last_o place_n to_o these_o objection_n that_o may_v be_v make_v by_o man_n of_o quite_o contrary_a principle_n and_o who_o will_v not_o acknowledge_v that_o we_o either_o can_v or_o aught_o to_o propose_v this_o common_a good_a as_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o main_a end_n of_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n their_o first_o objection_n may_v be_v this_o that_o it_o seem_v not_o suitable_a to_o god_n infinite_a goodness_n and_o power_n and_o wisdom_n in_o the_o government_n of_o mankind_n if_o he_o do_v real_o intend_v its_o good_a and_o happiness_n as_o we_o here_o suppose_v to_o permit_v so_o great_a a_o design_n to_o be_v so_o often_o disturb_v if_o not_o quite_o frustrate_v in_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o world_n by_o the_o various_a passion_n and_o unreasonable_a appetite_n of_o so_o many_o violent_a wicked_a and_o unjust_a man_n which_o if_o mankind_n be_v well_o consider_v do_v make_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o this_o aggregate_v body_n in_o answer_n to_o this_o objection_n i_o may_v tell_v those_o that_o make_v it_o that_o the_o true_a original_n of_o that_o deprave_a state_n of_o mankind_n and_o from_o which_o all_o that_o disorder_n which_o we_o now_o find_v in_o humane_a nature_n be_v derive_v be_v the_o fall_n of_o adam_n the_o first_o father_n of_o mankind_n who_o thereby_o convey_v a_o weakness_n of_o reason_n and_o that_o prevail_a power_n which_o we_o feel_v in_o our_o sensual_a appetite_n and_o passion_n to_o all_o his_o posterity_n whereby_o man_n be_v become_v very_o prone_a to_o evil_a and_o too_o apt_a to_o transgress_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o insist_v upon_o this_o because_o the_o
necessary_a for_o the_o common_a good_a and_o preservation_n and_o consequent_o that_o of_o all_o mankind_n sect._n 4._o a_o more_o certain_a account_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a as_o well_o natural_a as_o moral_a than_o what_o mr._n h._n have_v give_v we_o sect._n 5._o mr._n h._n notwithstanding_o all_o he_o have_v say_v to_o the_o contrary_a acknowledge_v a_o common_a good_a in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n sect._n 6._o the_o difference_n between_o a_o natural_a and_o a_o moral_a good_a and_o wherein_o it_o consist_v the_o confound_a of_o these_o the_o great_a cause_n of_o mr._n h_n error_n in_o this_o matter_n sect._n 7._o mr._n h._n sometime_o blame_v this_o narrow_a humour_n in_o some_o man_n that_o desire_v nothing_o but_o their_o own_o private_a advantage_n and_o likewise_o confess_v that_o that_o be_v a_o great_a good_a which_o benefit_n more_o person_n than_o what_o do_v good_a but_o to_o a_o few_o sect._n 8._o that_o notwithstanding_o all_o what_o mr._n h._n have_v say_v to_o the_o contrary_a all_o rational_a and_o good_a man_n must_v acknowledge_v that_o to_o be_v good_a which_o tend_v to_o the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n and_o which_o likewise_o may_v any_o way_n contribute_v to_o effect_v it_o that_o if_o we_o do_v not_o make_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a agent_n the_o end_n of_o all_o our_o action_n all_o our_o notion_n about_o moral_a as_o well_o as_o natural_a good_a will_v be_v various_a and_o uncertain_a sect._n 9_o the_o head_n of_o the_o seven_o principle_n that_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n be_v a_o state_n of_o war._n that_o all_o mr._n h_n precedent_n principle_n tend_v only_o to_o prove_v this_o darling_n one_o if_o therefore_o those_o be_v well_o answer_v this_o principle_n must_v fall_v his_o new_a reason_n in_o his_o leviathan_n propose_v he_o deduce_v this_o state_n of_o war_n from_o three_o cause_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o man._n one_a competition_n two_o diffidence_n 3_o glory_n each_o of_o which_o do_v in_o their_o turn_n make_v man_n fall_v together_o by_o the_o ear_n a_o state_n of_o war_n not_o only_o that_o of_o actual_a fight_n but_o all_o that_o time_n wherein_o man_n inclination_n to_o it_o may_v be_v certain_o know_v illustrate_v by_o a_o simile_n of_o rainy_a wether_n sect._n 1_o answer_v to_o this_o argument_n it_o be_v first_o observe_v that_o mr._n h._n differ_v in_o his_o manner_n of_o prove_v the_o necessity_n of_o this_o state_n of_o war_n differ_v in_o his_o leviathan_n from_o that_o in_o his_o de_n cive_z since_o he_o here_o only_o suppose_v such_o a_o war_n to_o be_v lawful_a without_o any_o other_o proof_n sect._n 2._o 2_o d._n observation_n that_o this_o author_n in_o his_o argument_n here_o propose_v do_v still_o take_v the_o natural_a state_n of_o man_n only_o from_o his_o passion_n without_o any_o consideration_n of_o reason_n or_o experience_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o what_o he_o have_v before_o lay_v down_o when_o he_o make_v experience_n any_o of_o the_o faculty_n of_o the_o mind_n yet_o that_o none_o of_o these_o passion_n do_v necessary_o and_o uninevitable_o hurry_v man_n into_o a_o state_n of_o war._n sect._n 3_o that_o none_o of_o these_o person_n if_o govern_v by_o reason_n aught_o to_o incite_v man_n to_o war_n and_o that_o reason_n can_v never_o persuade_v man_n to_o fall_v together_o by_o the_o ear_n out_o of_o competition_n sect._n 4._o that_o diffidence_n of_o other_o can_v never_o if_o due_o consider_v be_v any_o motive_n to_o make_v war_n with_o all_o man_n since_o such_o a_o war_n be_v not_o only_o destructive_a in_o its_o own_o nature_n but_o also_o impracticable_a sect._n 5._o mr._n h._n appeal_n to_o experience_n of_o what_o man_n do_v for_o their_o own_o security_n answer_v as_o also_o his_o simile_n from_o the_o wether_n sect._n 6_o he_o himself_o grant_v that_o there_o be_v never_o actual_o throughout_o the_o world_n such_o a_o state_n of_o war_n as_o he_o describe_v his_o instance_n from_o the_o savage_a people_n of_o america_n make_v rather_o against_o than_o for_o he_o prove_v by_o authority_n of_o traveller_n sect._n 7._o his_o instance_n from_o the_o practice_n of_o sovereign_a power_n prove_v to_o be_v of_o no_o force_n sect._n 8._o answer_v to_o his_o argument_n from_o the_o passion_n of_o glory_n which_o do_v not_o inevitable_o hurry_v man_n to_o war_n since_o it_o be_v more_o often_o master_v by_o other_o great_a passion_n as_o fear_v of_o death_n desire_v of_o thing_n necessary_a etc._n etc._n observation_n that_o the_o same_o passion_n which_o excite_v man_n to_o war_n do_v also_o with_o he_o at_o other_o time_n persuade_v they_o to_o peace_n and_o that_o those_o passion_n be_v real_o the_o more_o strong_a that_o do_v so_o sect_n 9_o mr._n h_n argument_n from_o certain_a peculiarity_n in_o humane_a nature_n why_o man_n can_v live_v as_o sociable_o with_o each_o other_o as_o brute_n the_o one_a competition_n for_o honour_n etc._n etc._n answer_v no_o argument_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o this_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n sect._n 10._o his_o second_o reason_n answer_v that_o the_o common_a good_a among_o brute_n differ_v not_o from_o the_o private_a as_o it_o do_v among_o men._n sect_n 11._o answer_v to_o his_o 3d._a instance_n that_o creature_n not_o have_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n do_v not_o find_v fault_n with_o the_o administration_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o this_o can_v be_v no_o argument_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n before_o commonwealth_n be_v institute_v etc._n etc._n sect._n 12._o answer_v to_o his_o four_o reason_n that_o brute_n have_v not_o the_o use_n of_o speech_n and_o so_o cannót_v make_v good_a seem_v evil_a and_o evil_a good_a man_n not_o in_o a_o worse_a condition_n than_o brute_n by_o reason_n of_o speech_n but_o rather_o in_o a_o better_a sect._n 13._o answer_v to_o his_o 5_o reason_n that_o brute_n do_v not_o distinguish_v between_o injury_n and_o damage_n whereas_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o man_n sect._n 14._o answer_v to_o his_o last_o reason_n that_o the_o agreement_n of_o brute_n be_v natural_a but_o in_o man_n artificial_a sect._n 15._o so_o much_o grant_v mr._n h._n that_o man_n be_v torment_v with_o divers_a passion_n which_o beast_n be_v not_o and_o so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n man_n be_v endue_v with_o other_o passion_n which_o move_v they_o more_o strong_o to_o concord_n sect._n 16._o a_o far_a consideration_n of_o the_o absurdity_n and_o inconsistency_n of_o this_o hypothesis_n of_o a_o natural_a state_n of_o war._n sect._n 17._o the_o head_n of_o the_o eight_o principle_n that_o mutual_a compact_n of_o fidelity_n be_v void_a in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n but_o not_o so_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n his_o reason_n for_o it_o because_o where_o covenant_n be_v make_v upon_o a_o mutual_a trust_n of_o future_a performance_n either_o party_n may_v choose_v whether_o he_o will_v perform_v or_o not_o because_o he_o be_v not_o sure_a that_o the_o other_o will_v perform_v his_o part_n also_o and_o of_o this_o he_o be_v the_o sole_a judge_n but_o that_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o a_o civil_a state_n where_o there_o be_v a_o common_a power_n to_o compel_v either_o of_o they_o that_o refuse_v sect._n 1_o the_o reason_n apparent_a why_o he_o suppose_v civil_a sovereign_n always_o in_o a_o state_n of_o war._n sect._n 2._o upon_o these_o principle_n it_o be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a for_o prince_n or_o state_n to_o make_v any_o league_n or_o treaty_n of_o peace_n with_o each_o other_o this_o notion_n give_v they_o also_o a_o right_n of_o put_v to_o death_n or_o make_v slave_n of_o ambassador_n and_o all_o other_o that_o come_v into_o their_o dominion_n sect._n 3_o that_o upon_o this_o principle_n of_o mr._n h_n if_o compact_n do_v not_o bind_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n neither_o will_v they_o be_v of_o any_o force_n in_o a_o civil_a state_n if_o either_o all_o or_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o contractor_n shall_v have_v all_o at_o once_o a_o mind_n to_o break_v they_o upon_o pretence_n that_o either_o other_o do_v not_o perform_v their_o part_n or_o that_o they_o fear_v they_o will_v not_o do_v it_o sect._n 4._o mr._n h._n far_o exceed_v his_o master_n epicurus_n in_o this_o evil_a principle_n sect._n 5._o the_o head_n of_o the_o nine_o principle_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o true_o a_o law_n unless_o as_o it_o be_v deliver_v in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n his_o reason_n for_o it_o that_o though_o they_o be_v dictate_v of_o reason_n yet_o that_o for_o want_n of_o a_o legislator_n and_o of_o sufficient_a security_n for_o those_o that_o shall_v observe_v they_o they_o be_v not_o law_n but_o as_o deliver_v in_o scripture_n sect._n 1_o that_o it_o have_v be_v already_o prove_v that_o this_o law_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a be_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o
that_o proceed_n from_o god_n and_o establish_v by_o sufficient_a reward_n and_o punishment_n it_o have_v all_o the_o condition_n require_v to_o a_o law_n that_o the_o defect_n of_o other_o writer_n in_o not_o take_v the_o like_a method_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o mr._n h's_o and_o other_o fall_v into_o this_o error_n this_o law_n not_o be_v give_v in_o any_o sâ—t_a form_n of_o word_n no_o objection_n against_o its_o certainty_n or_o plainness_n sect._n 2._o this_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v to_o be_v collect_v from_o our_o own_o nature_n and_o that_o of_o thing_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v know_v even_o by_o person_n bear_v deaf_a and_o dumb_a mr._n h._n acknowledge_v these_o law_n to_o be_v proper_o so_o as_o proceed_v from_o god_n his_o allow_v that_o those_o law_n oblige_v only_o to_o a_o desire_n or_o endeavour_v of_o the_o mind_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v observe_v a_o mere_a evasion_n answer_v to_o his_o objection_n of_o the_o want_n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n he_o himself_o have_v obviate_v this_o by_o confess_v in_o his_o leu._n that_o they_o be_v establish_v by_o natural_a reward_n and_o punishment_n if_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o proper_o a_o law_n than_o there_o be_v no_o natural_a right_n proper_o so_o call_v sect._n 3_o answer_v to_o his_o main_a reason_n that_o we_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o external_a act_n for_o want_v of_o sufficient_a security_n that_o if_o this_o be_v a_o sufficient_a objection_n then_o neither_o civil_a law_n will_v oblige_v divine_a punishment_n as_o certain_a as_o humane_a sect._n 4._o that_o man_n great_a security_n consist_v in_o a_o strict_a observation_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n mr._n h._n in_o some_o place_n acknowledge_v that_o if_o we_o do_v not_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n we_o shall_v fall_v into_o other_o evil_n beside_o those_o that_o proceed_v from_o the_o violence_n of_o men._n sect._n 5._o two_o reason_n propose_v show_v the_o falseness_n of_o this_o argument_n of_o mr._n h._n the_o one_o the_o declaration_n of_o all_o civil_a sovereign_n concern_v man_n innocency_n till_o accuse_v the_o other_o from_o mr._n h_n own_o concession_n of_o a_o much_o great_a insecurity_n that_o will_v follow_v from_o their_o non-observation_n viz._n a_o war_n of_o all_o man_n against_o all_o which_o be_v the_o most_o miserable_a state_n of_o all_o other_o sect._n 6_o 7._o the_o head_n of_o the_o ten_o principle_n that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v alterable_a at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n that_o this_o be_v but_o a_o consequence_n of_o his_o former_a principle_n that_o nothing_o be_v good_a or_o evil_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n his_o argument_n for_o this_o principle_n because_o it_o proceed_v from_o civil_a law_n that_o every_o man_n shall_v have_v distinct_a right_n to_o himself_o as_o also_o shall_v not_o invade_v those_o of_o other_o it_o follow_v that_o these_o precept_n thou_o shall_v honour_v thy_o parent_n thou_o shall_v not_o kill_v etc._n etc._n be_v civil_a law_n and_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n prescribe_v the_o same_o thing_n yet_o implicit_o for_o the_o same_o law_n command_v all_o compact_n to_o be_v observe_v and_o that_o to_o yield_v obedience_n when_o obedience_n be_v due_a be_v covenant_v at_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o therefore_o whatever_o civil_a sovereign_n command_v concern_v these_o thing_n must_v be_v obey_v since_o they_o alone_o can_v appoint_v what_o shall_v be_v you_o or_o another_o or_o what_o shall_v be_v murder_n theft_n etc._n etc._n sect._n 1_o nothing_o write_v by_o mr._n h._n more_o wicked_o or_o loose_o nor_o wherein_o he_o more_o contradict_v himself_o than_o in_o this_o principle_n the_o main_a foundation_n of_o which_o be_v already_o destroy_v no_o compact_n make_v at_o the_o institution_n of_o any_o commonwealth_n which_o can_v be_v of_o great_a force_n than_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o dreadful_a consequence_n that_o will_v follow_v from_o the_o contrary_a principle_n mr._n h._n allow_v even_o idolatry_n itself_o to_o be_v lawful_a if_o command_v by_o the_o supreme_a power_n that_o the_o secondary_a law_n of_o nature_n can_v never_o contradict_v or_o alter_v those_o that_o be_v prior_n to_o they_o as_o more_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a though_o civil_a law_n may_v restrain_v or_o enlarge_v several_a particular_a instance_n his_o example_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_a boy_n answer_v sect._n 2._o a_o conclude_v instance_n in_o answer_n to_o this_o from_o that_o law_n of_o we_o against_o relieve_v wander_a beggar_n sect._n 3_o uncertain_a whether_o mr._n h._n broach_v this_o dangerous_a doctrine_n out_o of_o ignorance_n or_o design_n of_o flatter_a civil_a sovereign_n yet_o that_o by_o this_o he_o endeavour_v to_o destroy_v all_o virtue_n and_o goodness_n in_o prince_n and_o all_o obligation_n of_o obedience_n in_o subject_n whenever_o they_o be_v strong_a enough_o to_o rebel_v sect._n 4._o the_o conclusion_n contain_v a_o apology_n for_o the_o length_n of_o these_o confutation_n sect._n 5._o the_o second_o part_n wherein_o the_o moral_a principle_n of_o mr._n hobbs_n de_n cive_z &_o leviathan_n be_v full_o consider_v and_o confute_v introduction_n §_o 1_o though_o perhaps_o it_o may_v not_o seem_v unnecessary_a after_o so_o much_o as_o have_v be_v say_v to_o prove_v the_o certainty_n and_o constant_a obligation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o rational_a being_n more_o particular_o to_o confute_v the_o principle_n of_o epicurus_n and_o his_o follower_n mr._n h._n it_o be_v a_o true_a maxim_n in_o other_o science_n as_o well_o as_o geometry_n rectum_fw-la est_fw-la index_n svi_fw-la &_o obliqui_fw-la yet_o since_o those_o author_n have_v not_o only_o poison_v the_o world_n with_o their_o pernicious_a tenet_n but_o have_v also_o endeavour_v to_o support_v they_o with_o the_o specious_a appearance_n of_o reason_n and_o argument_n it_o may_v be_v expect_v that_o we_o shall_v say_v somewhat_o in_o answer_n to_o these_o reason_n and_o argument_n mr._n h._n the_o reviver_n of_o those_o principle_n in_o this_o age_n have_v bring_v in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr cive_z &_o leviathan_n to_o maintain_v and_o support_v they_o and_o therefore_o i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o add_v some_o consideration_n and_o confutation_n of_o they_o as_o far_o as_o they_o contradict_v the_o principle_n we_o have_v here_o lay_v down_o and_o rather_o to_o put_v they_o here_o all_o together_o at_o the_o end_n than_o in_o the_o body_n of_o our_o treatise_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n since_o there_o they_o will_v not_o only_o have_v interrupt_v the_o coherence_n of_o the_o discourse_n itself_o but_o will_v have_v also_o disturb_v and_o take_v off_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o ordinary_a reader_n for_o who_o i_o chief_o intend_v it_o from_o a_o due_a consideration_n of_o the_o truth_n and_o connexion_n of_o the_o thing_n therein_o contain_v and_o therefore_o i_o have_v think_v fit_a rather_o to_o cast_v they_o all_o together_o into_o a_o distinct_a part_n by_o themselves_o since_o if_o you_o be_v master_n of_o that_o former_a part_n of_o this_o discourse_n you_o will_v easy_o perceive_v not_o only_o the_o falsehood_n and_o absurdity_n of_o mr._n h_n principle_n but_o that_o it_o be_v from_o his_o ignorance_n or_o inconsideration_n of_o this_o great_a principle_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n that_o he_o first_o fall_v into_o those_o error_n and_o make_v private_a self-preservation_n not_o only_o the_o first_o motive_n which_o have_v be_v true_a enough_o but_o also_o the_o sole_a end_n of_o all_o moral_a action_n which_o be_v altogether_o false_a and_o below_o the_o dignity_n not_o only_o of_o a_o philosopher_n but_o a_o man._n i_o have_v therefore_o go_v through_o all_o his_o moral_a principle_n in_o order_n and_o as_o for_o his_o politic_a one_o if_o these_o be_v false_a they_o will_v need_v no_o other_o confutation_n and_o i_o have_v reduce_v they_o into_o certain_a head_n or_o proposition_n and_o have_v true_o give_v you_o this_o sum_n of_o argument_n that_o no_o man_n may_v find_v fault_n with_o i_o for_o misrepresent_v his_o opinion_n principle_n i._n man_n be_v not_o a_o creature_n bear_v apt_a for_o society_n §_o 1._o mr._n h._n in_o his_o philosophical_a element_n or_o treatise_n de_n cive_z chap._n 1._o §_o 2._o lay_n down_o and_o maintain_v this_o principle_n and_o give_v certain_a specious_a reason_n for_o it_o which_o because_o they_o be_v somewhat_o tedious_a and_o divers_a of_o they_o very_o trivial_a i_o shall_v rather_o choose_v to_o contract_v they_o than_o be_v at_o the_o trouble_n of_o transcribe_v all_o that_o he_o have_v loose_o enough_o lay_v down_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o this_o assertion_n refer_v you_o if_o you_o doubt_v whether_o i_o right_o represent_v his_o meaning_n to_o the_o author_n himself_o in_o the_o place_n
abovecited_a he_o there_o in_o the_o first_o place_n suppose_v that_o man_n be_v not_o a_o sociable_a creature_n because_o it_o can_v not_o be_v otherwise_o in_o nature_n but_o only_o by_o accident_n for_o if_o man_n love_v man_n natural_o there_o can_v be_v no_o reason_n give_v why_o every_o one_o shall_v not_o love_v every_o one_o alike_o as_o be_v alike_o man_n or_o why_o he_o shall_v rather_o frequent_v those_o in_o who_o society_n honour_n and_o profit_n be_v confer_v rather_o on_o himself_o than_o other_o therefore_o we_o do_v not_o by_o nature_n seek_v companion_n but_o to_o be_v either_o honour_a or_o profit_v by_o they_o these_o in_o the_o first_o place_n but_o those_o in_o the_o second_o and_o this_o he_o think_v he_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v by_o show_v we_o for_o what_o end_n man_n herd_n together_o and_o what_o they_o do_v when_o they_o be_v meet_v for_o if_o they_o come_v together_o for_o commerce-sake_n every_o one_o mind_n not_o his_o companion_n be_v but_o his_o own_o interest_n if_o for_o public_a affair_n there_o arise_v a_o certain_a court-friendship_n have_v more_o of_o mutual_a fear_n than_o love_n from_o whence_o often_o faction_n but_o never_o goodwill_n be_v produce_v if_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o mirth_n and_o pleasure_n every_o one_o be_v wont_a to_o please_v himself_o in_o those_o thing_n which_o raise_v laughter_n from_o whence_o he_o may_v as_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o what_o be_v ridiculous_a by_o the_o comparison_n of_o another_o weakness_n or_o infirmity_n become_v more_o acceptable_a to_o himself_o and_o he_o there_o proceed_v to_o show_v from_o several_a observation_n he_o have_v make_v in_o the_o company_n he_o have_v keep_v that_o all_o man_n that_o converse_v together_o either_o for_o the_o sake_n or_o the_o instruction_n of_o other_o do_v only_o seek_v company_n for_o their_o own_o profit_n or_o glory_n and_o not_o the_o good_a of_o other_o that_o be_v for_o the_o love_n of_o himself_o not_o of_o his_o companion_n and_o therefore_o since_o man_n can_v never_o seek_v civil_a society_n only_o out_o of_o a_o desire_n of_o glory_n and_o although_o the_o profit_n and_o convenience_n of_o life_n may_v be_v increase_v by_o man_n mutual_a assistance_n yet_o since_o that_o may_v be_v much_o better_o procure_v by_o a_o dominion_n over_o other_o than_o by_o their_o society_n no_o body_n can_v doubt_v but_o that_o man_n be_v more_o vehement_o carry_v by_o their_o nature_n when_o fear_n be_v remove_v to_o dominion_n than_o society_n therefore_o it_o be_v to_o be_v lay_v down_o for_o a_o principle_n that_o the_o original_n of_o all_o great_a and_o last_a society_n do_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o mutual_a benevolence_n of_o man_n but_o their_o mutual_a fear_n and_o by_o fear_n as_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o annotation_n to_o this_o paragraph_n he_o do_v not_o mean_v only_o to_o be_v frighten_v but_o under_o that_o word_n fear_v he_o comprehend_v any_o prospect_n of_o a_o future_a evil_n as_o to_o distrust_v suspect_v beware_v and_o to_o provide_v that_o they_o may_v not_o fear_v to_o be_v also_o the_o part_n of_o those_o who_o be_v afraid_a §_o 2._o have_v give_v you_o the_o author_n sense_n and_o in_o great_a part_n his_o own_o word_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o make_v some_o observation_n upon_o they_o and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n must_v observe_v that_o the_o main_a strength_n of_o his_o argument_n consist_v in_o the_o ill_a or_o false_a use_n of_o these_o word_n unapt_a for_o society_n for_o if_o he_o only_o understand_v by_o they_o that_o man_n be_v bear_v actual_o unapt_a for_o civil_a society_n because_o they_o be_v infant_n or_o else_o unexperienced_a of_o the_o evil_n proceed_v from_o the_o want_v thereof_o this_o be_v indeed_o a_o great_a discovery_n and_o worthy_a a_o philosopher_n that_o child_n or_o people_n without_o experience_n be_v not_o able_a to_o understand_v the_o meaning_n or_o force_n of_o compact_n or_o be_v unable_a immediate_o to_o enter_v into_o a_o civil_a state_n nor_o be_v his_o reason_n any_o better_a that_o though_o infant_n and_o person_n of_o full_a age_n though_o unexperienced_a partake_v of_o human_a nature_n yet_o be_v thus_o unapt_a for_o society_n man_n be_v not_o make_v fit_a for_o it_o by_o nature_n but_o discipline_n §_o 3._o from_o whence_o i_o observe_v that_o he_o only_o take_v the_o measure_n of_o humane_a nature_n from_o those_o passion_n which_o precede_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n experience_n and_o discipline_n and_o as_o they_o first_o and_o chief_o show_v themselves_o in_o child_n and_o fool_n or_o person_n unexperienced_a whereas_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o best_a philosopher_n we_o suppose_v the_o true_a nature_n of_o man_n ought_v rather_o to_o be_v take_v from_o his_o utmost_a perfection_n viz._n his_o reason_n or_o the_o power_n of_o deduce_a effect_n from_o their_o cause_n by_o which_o alone_a he_o be_v distinguish_v from_o brute_n and_o so_o the_o will_n may_v incline_v we_o to_o those_o thing_n which_o reason_n shall_v judge_v most_o fit_a and_o convenient_a for_o our_o nature_n and_o therefore_o mr._n h._n do_v very_o absurd_o to_o oppose_v experience_n and_o discipline_n to_o nature_n since_o whatever_o man_n learn_v by_o either_o of_o these_o they_o must_v still_o attain_v to_o it_o by_o the_o force_n of_o their_o rational_a nature_n and_o those_o faculty_n of_o reason_n and_o speech_n which_o brute_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o and_o therefore_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o creature_n be_v best_a judge_v of_o from_o the_o utmost_a perfection_n it_o attain_v to_o as_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o plant_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v from_o its_o first_o appearance_n or_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o it_o peep_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n but_o from_o its_o utmost_a state_n of_o perfection_n when_o it_o come_v to_o bear_v flower_n seed_n or_o fruit._n and_o even_o that_o experience_n to_o which_o mr._n h._n attribute_n all_o our_o reason_n he_o himself_o grant_v to_o be_v a_o natural_a and_o not_o acquire_v power_n see_v his_o leviathan_n chap._n 8._o where_o treat_v of_o intellectual_a virtue_n he_o have_v these_o word_n the_o intellectual_a virtue_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n natural_a and_o acquire_v by_o natural_a i_o mean_v not_o that_o which_o a_o man_n have_v from_o his_o birth_n for_o that_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o sense_n wherein_o man_n differ_v so_o little_a from_o one_o another_o and_o from_o brute_n beast_n as_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o virtue_n but_o i_o mean_v that_o wit_n which_o be_v get_v by_o use_n only_o and_o experience_n without_o method_n culture_n or_o instruction_n §_o 4._o to_o conclude_v this_o head_n i_o desire_v those_o gentleman_n of_o his_o opinion_n to_o take_v notice_n that_o all_o philosopher_n and_o writer_n of_o politic_n as_o well_o as_o mr._n h._n be_v not_o ignorant_a how_o unfit_a infant_n and_o grow_v person_n without_o experience_n or_o labour_v under_o any_o unruly_a passion_n be_v to_o enter_v into_o league_n or_o compact_n or_o to_o perform_v any_o of_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o civil_a society_n but_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o they_o suppose_v man_n to_o be_v bear_v for_o those_o end_n which_o by_o the_o force_n of_o his_o rational_a nature_n he_o may_v at_o last_o attain_v to_o unless_o something_o preternatural_a such_o as_o be_v those_o disorderly_a passion_n or_o disease_n of_o the_o mind_n intervene_v and_o juvenal_n say_v be_v as_o old_a as_o true_a non_fw-la aliud_fw-la natura_fw-la aliud_fw-la sapientia_fw-la dictat_fw-la and_o sure_o it_o be_v a_o childish_a inference_n and_o favour_n more_o of_o sophistry_n than_o true_a philosophy_n to_o say_v man_n be_v bear_v infant_n and_o therefore_o unapt_a for_o civil_a society_n since_o any_o country_n fellow_n can_v have_v teach_v he_o better_o who_o think_v his_o son_n bear_v apt_a to_o be_v a_o ploughman_n or_o a_o grazier_n though_o he_o know_v he_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o hold_v the_o plough_n until_o he_o be_v twelve_o or_o thirteen_o year_n of_o age_n nor_o yet_o to_o understand_v graze_v until_o he_o be_v able_a to_o ride_v and_o go_v to_o market_n §_o 5._o but_o let_v we_o now_o more_o particular_o examine_v the_o reason_n this_o author_n there_o give_v we_o why_o man_n be_v a_o creature_n natural_o unapt_a for_o society_n which_o he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v only_o by_o accident_n because_o if_o one_o man_n love_v another_o natural_o as_o man_n there_o can_v be_v no_o reason_n why_o every_o man_n shall_v not_o love_v every_o man_n alike_o or_o wherefore_o he_o shall_v rather_o frequent_v those_o in_o who_o company_n he_o be_v most_o likely_a to_o get_v honour_n and_o profit_n therefore_o we_o do_v not_o natural_o seek_v companion_n i._n e._n for_o their_o own_o sake_n but_o either_o to_o gain_v honour_n or_o prosit_fw-la by_o they_o these_o in_o the_o first_o place_n
it_o be_v thus_o natural_o determine_v nor_o will_v he_o allow_v any_o difference_n by_o nature_n between_o man_n and_o other_o creature_n neither_o between_o man_n endue_v with_o reason_n and_o those_o that_o have_v not_o yet_o attain_v the_o use_n of_o it_o neither_o between_o fool_n and_o madman_n and_o other_o that_o be_v of_o sound_a understanding_n and_o his_o reason_n be_v this_o for_o whatever_o any_o creature_n do_v by_o the_o force_n of_o its_o nature_n it_o do_v it_o by_o the_o high_a right_n viz._n because_o it_o act_v as_o it_o be_v by_o nature_n determine_v neither_o be_v it_o able_a to_o act_v otherwise_o therefore_o among_o man_n whilst_o consider_v as_o live_v under_o the_o mere_a empire_n of_o nature_n as_o well_o he_o that_o do_v not_o yet_o understand_v reason_n or_o have_v not_o acquire_v a_o habit_n of_o virtue_n live_v by_o the_o high_a right_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o his_o own_o appetite_n as_o well_o as_o he_o that_o direct_v his_o life_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o reason_n so_o that_o as_o a_o wiseman_n have_v a_o right_a to_o all_o thing_n that_o reason_n dictate_v or_o of_o live_v according_a to_o its_o rule_n so_o likewise_o the_o ignorant_a and_o foolish_a have_v a_o like_a right_n to_o all_o thing_n which_o their_o appetite_n desire_v so_o that_o every_o man_n natural_a right_n be_v not_o determine_v by_o right_a reason_n but_o by_o power_n and_o appetite_n for_o all_o man_n be_v not_o natural_o ordain_v to_o operate_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_n be_v bear_v ignorant_a of_o all_o thing_n and_o before_o they_o come_v to_o know_v the_o true_a rule_n of_o life_n or_o acquire_v a_o habit_n of_o virtue_n a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o life_n slip_v away_o though_o they_o be_v never_o so_o well_o educate_v and_o therefore_o he_o conclude_v that_o whatever_o any_o one_o do_v in_o order_n as_o he_o think_v to_o his_o own_o preservation_n or_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o sensual_a appetite_n whilst_o he_o be_v in_o this_o mere_a state_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v lawful_a because_o the_o only_a rule_n he_o have_v to_o act_v by_o §_o 9_o have_v give_v you_o all_o that_o can_v be_v say_v for_o this_o wicked_a as_o well_o as_o foolish_a opinion_n in_o their_o own_o word_n i_o shall_v now_o endeavour_v to_o confute_v it_o in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o i_o observe_v that_o this_o which_o they_o call_v the_o right_n of_o nature_n and_o which_o mr._n h._n define_v to_o be_v a_o state_n of_o perfect_a liberty_n be_v in_o their_o sense_n no_o other_o than_o that_o of_o absolute_a necessity_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o reader_n to_o judge_v how_o proper_o this_o word_n right_o belong_v to_o brute_n infant_n and_o fool_n for_o the_o word_n right_o be_v use_v by_o those_o that_o treat_v of_o ethic_n only_o in_o respect_n of_o reasonable_a man_n as_o capable_a of_o deliberation_n and_o judgement_n and_o endue_v with_o freedom_n of_o action_n and_o so_o subject_a to_o law_n for_o to_o call_v that_o necessity_n by_o which_o fish_n devour_v each_o other_o and_o madman_n beat_v their_o keeper_n a_o right_a be_v as_o proper_a to_o talk_v of_o a_o right_n of_o stone_n to_o fall_v downward_o no_o philosopher_n but_o these_o ever_o use_v the_o word_n right_o for_o necessity_n but_o a_o liberty_n leave_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n of_o act_v according_a to_o reason_n 2_o the_o last_o author_n confound_v the_o nature_n of_o beast_n fool_n and_o madman_n who_o have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o a_o god_n or_o sense_n of_o a_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a with_o that_o of_o rational_a creature_n who_o be_v ordain_v for_o great_a end_n and_o to_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o high_a law_n than_o that_o of_o mere_a appetite_n or_o passion_n and_o i_o desire_v these_o gentleman_n to_o show_v we_o that_o such_o unreasonable_a appetite_n and_o passion_n do_v necessary_o and_o unevitable_o carry_v man_n to_o act_v constant_o according_a to_o they_o so_o that_o the_o man_n have_v then_o no_o power_n leave_v to_o oppose_v resist_v or_o restrain_v they_o and_o though_o we_o grant_v that_o child_n be_v not_o yet_o sensible_a and_o fool_n and_o madman_n be_v never_o perhaps_o capable_a of_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n or_o nature_n and_o so_o can_v be_v subject_a to_o they_o nor_o be_v to_o be_v esteem_v among_o voluntary_a agent_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o those_o that_o be_v of_o mature_a age_n and_o sound_a mind_n and_o so_o can_v plead_v invincible_a ignorance_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o out_o of_o their_o own_o wilful_a humour_n or_o unreasonable_a appetite_n neglect_v to_o know_v or_o learn_v or_o through_o wilful_a ignorance_n transgress_v it_o shall_v claim_v the_o like_a exemption_n for_o though_o we_o be_v not_o angry_a with_o child_n or_o natural_a fool_n if_o they_o cry_v for_o or_o take_v away_o any_o thing_n they_o see_v and_o pity_v mad_a people_n even_o while_o they_o be_v outrageous_a with_o those_o that_o tend_v they_o yet_o have_v we_o not_o the_o same_o forbearance_n and_o pity_n for_o man_n of_o sound_a mind_n and_o mature_a age_n if_o they_o do_v the_o like_a unreasonable_a thing_n and_o govern_v themselves_o by_o no_o other_o law_n but_o their_o own_o unreasonable_a appetite_n and_o passion_n since_o it_o be_v in_o their_o power_n both_o to_o have_v know_v and_o act_v otherwise_o and_o to_o have_v deliberate_v and_o judge_v whether_o it_o be_v not_o better_o for_o they_o to_o forbear_v such_o evil_a act_n than_o to_o do_v they_o §_o 10._o neither_o can_n invincible_a ignorance_n be_v any_o excuse_n as_o to_o they_o for_o though_o perhaps_o they_o may_v not_o have_v brain_n fit_a for_o the_o mathematics_n or_o be_v not_o able_a to_o deduce_v all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n from_o their_o true_a principle_n yet_o by_o the_o precept_n of_o other_o as_o well_o as_o their_o own_o reason_n and_o the_o observation_n of_o their_o own_o nature_n as_o well_o as_o other_o man_n they_o may_v easy_o have_v learn_v all_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o honest_a man_n that_o be_v their_o duty_n towards_o their_o neighbour_n by_o that_o golden_a rule_n of_o do_v as_o they_o will_v be_v do_v by_o and_o their_o duty_n towards_o themselves_o by_o endeavour_v their_o own_o true_a happiness_n and_o preservation_n by_o the_o only_a mean_n tend_v thereunto_o viz._n without_o injure_v other_o and_o do_v their_o duty_n towards_o god_n in_o reverence_v he_o and_o obey_v his_o will_n when_o discover_v to_o they_o also_o in_o endeavour_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n and_o all_o which_o principle_n have_v be_v ever_o so_o natural_a to_o man_n that_o they_o have_v in_o all_o age_n acknowledge_v they_o to_o have_v still_o remain_v the_o same_o therefore_o mr._n h._n as_o also_o the_o author_n of_o the_o treatise_n last_o mention_v be_v very_o much_o mistake_v so_o direct_o to_o oppose_v our_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o the_o rational_a nature_n of_o man_n as_o if_o he_o be_v so_o much_o behold_v to_o art_n for_o they_o that_o he_o can_v never_o have_v acquire_v they_o himself_o without_o teach_v which_o be_v all_o one_o as_o to_o say_v that_o because_o most_o man_n learn_v arithmetic_n therefore_o it_o be_v so_o absolute_o beside_o or_o above_o nature_n that_o no_o man_n ever_o attain_v it_o of_o himself_o which_o be_v contrary_a both_o to_o reason_n and_o experience_n since_o both_o arithmetic_n and_o geometry_n as_o also_o ethic_n must_v have_v be_v natural_a to_o those_o that_o first_o teach_v they_o but_o i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v by_o mr._n h_n own_o concession_n that_o reason_n and_o experience_n be_v as_o natural_a to_o humane_a nature_n as_o hunt_v be_v to_o dog_n be_v though_o in_o both_o of_o they_o there_o be_v require_v both_o exercise_n and_o experience_n to_o learn_v it_o §_o 11._o nor_o do_v mr._n h_n excuse_n which_o he_o give_v we_o in_o the_o 13_o chapter_n of_o his_o leviathan_n signify_v any_o thing_n viz._n that_o man_n passion_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n be_v no_o sin_n nor_o the_o action_n which_o proceed_v from_o they_o as_o long_o as_o they_o see_v no_o power_n which_o can_v prohibit_v they_o for_o neither_o can_v a_o law_n be_v know_v before_o it_o be_v make_v neither_o can_v it_o be_v make_v till_o they_o have_v agree_v upon_o a_o legislator_n to_o which_o may_v be_v easy_o answer_v that_o mr._n h._n all_o along_o proceed_v upon_o this_o false_a supposition_n that_o god_n be_v not_o a_o legislator_n without_o divine_a revelation_n nor_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v proper_o his_o law_n both_o which_o assertion_n if_o they_o have_v be_v prove_v false_a in_o the_o precede_a discourse_n it_o will_v certain_o follow_v that_o
and_o that_o man_n natural_a propension_n to_o a_o benevolence_n towards_o other_o be_v not_o so_o strong_a in_o man_n as_o in_o other_o animal_n so_o that_o i_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o impartial_a reader_n whether_o upon_o a_o due_a consideration_n of_o his_o answer_n and_o our_o reply_v he_o will_v conclude_v as_o this_o author_n do_v in_o his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr homine_fw-la chap._n 10._o that_o man_n do_v exceed_v wolf_n bear_n and_o serpent_n in_o cruelty_n and_o rapacity_n who_o be_v not_o rapacious_a beyond_o hunger_n which_o if_o he_o have_v affirm_v of_o some_o man_n who_o be_v degenerate_v from_o all_o sentiment_n of_o humanity_n have_v not_o be_v much_o amiss_o but_o to_o affirm_v it_o of_o all_o mankind_n in_o general_n be_v too_o severe_a and_o false_a a_o censure_n to_o be_v let_v pass_v whereas_o it_o must_v be_v at_o the_o worst_a acknowledge_v that_o no_o general_a proposition_n can_v be_v make_v concern_v the_o particular_a passion_n and_o humour_n of_o all_o man_n since_o there_o be_v not_o only_o a_o great_a difference_n of_o wit_n but_o also_o a_o great_a variety_n of_o passion_n and_o inclination_n among_o man_n than_o brute_n and_o that_o not_o only_o among_o whole_a nation_n but_o particular_a person_n for_o all_o the_o kind_n of_o brute_n have_v almost_o the_o like_a inclination_n and_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o like_a passion_n and_o appetite_n so_o that_o if_o you_o know_v one_o of_o they_o you_o almost_o know_v they_o all_o but_o in_o mankind_n so_o many_o man_n so_o many_o mind_n and_o so_o many_o almost_o several_a humour_n and_o disposition_n and_o which_o be_v more_o the_o same_o man_n do_v not_o only_o differ_v from_o other_o but_o also_o oftentimes_o from_o himself_o and_o that_o which_o at_o one_o time_n he_o mighty_o love_v and_o approve_v of_o at_o another_o he_o abhor_v and_o condemn_v §_o 16._o yet_o so_o much_o i_o shall_v grant_v mr._n h._n that_o man_n be_v torment_v with_o many_o passion_n unknown_a to_o brute_n such_o as_o be_v covetousness_n ambition_n vainglory_n envy_n emulation_n or_o strife_n of_o wit_n with_o the_o sense_n of_o which_o brute_n be_v not_o at_o all_o concern_v all_o which_o i_o confess_v do_v extreme_o hinder_v man_n natural_a peace_n and_o concord_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n he_o have_v not_o only_o several_a other_o passion_n that_o as_o strong_o persuade_v he_o to_o seek_v and_o observe_v they_o yet_o god_n have_v also_o endue_v he_o with_o reason_n whereby_o from_o the_o consideration_n of_o his_o own_o nature_n and_o of_o other_o thing_n he_o may_v attain_v a_o knowledge_n of_o his_o deity_n and_o be_v thereby_o lead_v to_o discover_v that_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o only_o bare_a dictate_v of_o reason_n but_o be_v also_o law_n true_o establish_v by_o the_o will_n of_o god_n the_o legislator_n for_o his_o own_o honour_n and_o the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n but_o so_o far_o i_o shall_v agree_v with_o mr._n h._n that_o in_o any_o country_n where_o man_n live_v without_o any_o knowledge_n of_o a_o law_n either_o natural_a or_o reveal_v that_o in_o all_o those_o place_n they_o be_v in_o as_o bad_a or_o worse_a state_n than_o brute_n can_v be_v imagine_v to_o be_v §_o 17._o to_o conclude_v i_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n that_o mr._n h_n hypothesis_n labour_v under_o these_o great_a absurdity_n first_o he_o suppose_v that_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n a_o man_n reason_n tell_v he_o that_o his_o self-preservation_n can_v be_v obtain_v without_o this_o war_n against_o all_o man_n but_o afterward_o find_v by_o experience_n the_o fatal_a evil_n and_o mischief_n proceed_v from_o this_o kind_n of_o life_n to_o have_v also_o by_o his_o reason_n find_v out_o and_o then_o propose_v those_o condition_n of_o peace_n call_v law_n of_o nature_n in_o order_n to_o his_o own_o happiness_n and_o self-preservation_n as_o if_o right_a reason_n can_v ever_o dictate_v contradictory_n or_o opposite_a mean_n to_o this_o same_o end_n such_o as_o be_v a_o state_n of_o war_n and_o a_o state_n of_o peace_n a_o neglect_n and_o violation_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o lawful_a and_o necessary_a for_o a_o man_n safety_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n and_o a_o strict_a observation_n of_o they_o when_o once_o enter_v into_o a_o civil_a state_n for_o the_o same_o design_n second_o this_o hypothesis_n be_v high_o derogatory_n to_o the_o goodness_n and_o providence_n of_o god_n for_o if_o he_o be_v the_o author_n and_o creator_n of_o mankind_n as_o certain_o he_o be_v than_o whoever_o believe_v this_o 127._o hypothesis_n must_v also_o believe_v that_o god_n contrive_v thing_n so_o ill_o that_o unless_o his_o creature_n have_v be_v more_o cunning_a and_o provident_a than_o himself_o they_o must_v of_o necessity_n like_o the_o earthborn_a brethren_n in_o ovid_n metamorphosis_n have_v perish_v by_o each_o other_o hand_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v make_v so_o that_o the_o preservation_n and_o well-being_n of_o mankind_n will_v be_v entire_o attribute_v to_o their_o own_o wit_n and_o cunning_a and_o not_o to_o god_n goodness_n or_o providence_n who_o must_v have_v send_v his_o creature_n into_o the_o world_n in_o such_o a_o evil_a state_n as_o shall_v oblige_v they_o first_o to_o seek_v their_o own_o mutual_a ruin_n and_o destruction_n as_o the_o way_n to_o their_o preservation_n so_o that_o mankind_n must_v owe_v all_o the_o happiness_n and_o comfort_n of_o their_o life_n not_o to_o their_o creator_n but_o themselves_o since_o with_o he_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n whereby_o they_o be_v preserve_v be_v not_o give_v or_o establish_v by_o god_n their_o legislator_n but_o be_v only_o so_o many_o rule_n of_o art_n or_o humane_a wit_n like_o other_o invention_n of_o man_n contrive_v and_o still_o suppose_v man_n to_o be_v depart_v from_o that_o natural_a state_n of_o war_n in_o which_o god_n put_v he_o into_o a_o artificial_a one_o of_o peace_n of_o his_o own_o make_n but_o certain_o the_o deity_n that_o make_v we_o if_o we_o suppose_v he_o good_a and_o wise_a make_v we_o not_o to_o be_v miserable_a as_o mr._n h._n himself_o confess_v we_o must_v have_v be_v have_v we_o continue_v in_o this_o state_n of_o war._n so_o that_o to_o suppose_v god_n make_v we_o and_o leave_v we_o in_o that_o condition_n it_o be_v direct_o to_o deny_v our_o creator_n goodness_n and_o then_o if_o we_o suppose_v he_o wise_a we_o can_v imagine_v that_o he_o will_v frame_v a_o sort_n of_o creature_n only_o to_o destroy_v themselves_o unless_o we_o can_v believe_v his_o only_a design_n be_v to_o sport_v himself_o in_o their_o folly_n and_o madness_n in_o behold_v they_o by_o all_o the_o way_n and_o art_n of_o force_n and_o fraud_n contrive_v their_o own_o mutual_a destruction_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o creation_n of_o man_n be_v the_o product_n of_o the_o divine_a wisdom_n and_o goodness_n his_o natural_a state_n must_v have_v be_v that_o of_o peace_n and_o not_o such_o a_o condition_n as_o that_o which_o this_o author_n suppose_v last_o mr._n h._n do_v himself_o ingenious_o confess_v that_o he_o believe_v there_o be_v never_o actual_o such_o a_o state_n of_o war_n as_o he_o suppose_v and_o describe_v and_o therefore_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v both_o lawful_a and_o usual_a for_o natural_a philosopher_n who_o not_o be_v able_a through_o the_o imbecility_n of_o our_o humane_a faculty_n to_o discover_v the_o true_a nature_n and_o essence_n of_o body_n or_o other_o substance_n do_v therefore_o take_v a_o liberty_n to_o seign_v or_o suppose_v such_o a_o hypothesis_n as_o they_o think_v will_v best_a suit_n with_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o of_o which_o they_o intend_v to_o treat_v and_o from_o thence_o to_o frame_v a_o body_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n or_o physics_n as_o aristotle_n of_o old_a and_o mounseur_fw-fr des_fw-mi cartes_n in_o our_o age_n have_v perform_v yet_o can_v we_o not_o allow_v the_o same_o liberty_n in_o moral_a or_o practical_a philosophy_n as_o in_o speculative_a and_o therefore_o such_o a_o precarious_a hypothesis_n as_o this_o of_o a_o natural_a state_n of_o war_n be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v admit_v as_o the_o necessary_a consequence_n of_o that_o natural_a right_n which_o every_o man_n have_v to_o preserve_v himself_o for_o whether_o we_o consider_v mankind_n to_o have_v be_v together_o with_o the_o world_n generate_v from_o all_o eternity_n as_o aristotle_n and_o the_o more_o modern_a platonist_n do_v believe_v or_o else_o to_o have_v spring_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n like_o mushroom_n as_o epicurus_n of_o old_a and_o mr._n h._n in_o his_o de_n cive_z suppose_v or_o else_o as_o we_o according_a to_o the_o divine_a revelation_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n do_v believe_v that_o mankind_n be_v at_o first_o propagate_v from_o one_o man_n and_o one_o woman_n create_v for_o