Norway is very much fallen to decay yet it still â—tains the Title of an Archbishoprick and the Remains of one of the fairest and most magnificent Churches of the North Ships ride sâ—fâ—â—e Harbour but they must have very good Pilots to carry them in Here the People make a kind of Bread of Barly-Meal and Oates which they bake between two hollow Flint-stones which Bread ke ps thirty or forty years The Norwegians are little subject to sickness and of such a Constitution that when they are in a Fever one slice of Bacon does them more good than a potched Egg their great inclination to Sorcery makes them have the reputation of Selling the Winds to the Seamen Finmark which makes part of Lapland advances into the Frigid Zone so that day or night continues alternately for several Months together The Inhabitants claim nothing of Property but take the first place that pleases them here to day in another place to morrow They live upon Fish and Hunting and only pay an acknowledgment of certain Skins to the King of Denmark and carry their Fish to Berghen The Castle of Wardhus with a Burrough of 300 Houses the most Northernly of the whole Continent is in the middle of a little Island where it serves only to force the payment of certain duties from those that Traffick to Arch-Angel in Moscovy The Haven is in the Western part of the Island which is separated from the Land by an arm of the Sea about a Quarter of a League broad through which the Ships make Sail and the places adjoyning are not so subject to the Ice as other parts of the same Sea. As for the Norwegians we have not read of them in any ancient Author both Name and Country seem more lately to have been given from their Northern Situation uniting with the Danes and Swedes they were better known in the time of the French Empire by the name of Normans under which appellation in the time of Charles the Simple they got the Province of Normandy conferred on Rollo the first Duke thereof Anno 912 afterwards setling in their own Country they were called Norwegians from their Northern Situation Governed by their own Kings till their final Subjugation by the Danes which was by means of the Marriage of Haquin the last Prince of Nâ—rway unto Margaret Queen of Denmark Norway and Sweden a second Semiâ—amis in the History of those times who having once got sooting in Norway so assured themselves of it that they havâ— ever since possessed it as a Tributary Kingdom so that now Norway and Denmark are both fellow Subjects under the same King. Of Swedeland SWEDEN NORWAY by Robt. Morden THE Monarchy of Sueovonia or Suecia Lat. Sweden Incolis Suede Gal. Suetia Ital. is the most ancient in Europe if it be true that it has had above a hundred and fifty Kings and that the first among them was the Son of Japhet one of the Sons of Noah Perhaps for this reason it was that at the Council of Basil a Swedish Bishop had the Confidence to demand of the Presidents the precedency before all the Bishops of Christendom Some Historians begin to reckon the Kings of Sweden from Jermanicus and demonstrate to us that the Kingdom was Elective till the Reign of Gustavus de Vasa or Ericus who made it Hereditary to his Family in the year 1544 and at the same time put down the Roman Catholick Religion to Embrace the Lutheran Doctrine under this pretence of Religion Charles the Ninth of Sudermania deprived his Nephew Sigismund of his Crown who had been the 13th Elective King of Poland of that Name In the Reign of the Emperor Charles the Great we find them to have been a Free State different from that of the Danes entertaining then Harioldus and Ragenfridus Kings of that Nation driven out by the Sons of Gotericus In the Reign of Sweno the First and Canutus the Great they were subject to the Danes By Queen Margaret about the year 1387 they were again subdued to the Danish yoke after long Wars sundry defections and recoveries not fully delivered until the year 1525 freed by Gustavus aforesaid and ever since commanded by Princes of their own Nation The ancient Inhabitants of this Nation are supposed to be the Suiones or Sitones of Tacitus Inhabiting the greater Scandia of Ptol. by Aimonius called the Sueones in his 48 and 101 Chap. By Jornandes de Rebus Geticis the Suethici at this day by long corruption the Sueci giving Name to the Country now called Suetia or Swedeland extended for a great space of Land betwixt the Baltick and the Frozen Seas The King of Swedeland stiles himself King of the Swedes Goths Vandals Great Prince of Finland Duke of Estonia and Carelia Lord of Ingria and bears in his Arms three Crowns The present King is Charles the Eleventh of the Family of the Palatine of Deux Ponts The Goths and Vandals are famous in History for their Conquests So have the Swedes been in the last Age through the valour of their late Kings and the conquests they have made upon their Neighbours which had made them almost Masters of the Baltick The Peace at Bromsbroo near Christianople Anno 1645 obliged the King of Denmark to restore Jempterland and Herendall to the Swedes and to surrender him the Islâ—nds of Gotland and Oesel to perpetuity with the Province of Halland for thirty years The Peace of Roskil near Copenhagen 1658 surrendered Halland wholly to the Swedes together with Schonen Blâ—king and the Island of Bornholm which afterwards returned to the Danes by exchange of other Lands the Fortress of Bahus and the Bailywick of Drenthâ—m The Peace at Copenhagen 1660 confirms the Treaty of Roskil except for the Bailywick of Dronthem and acquires the Island of Ween The Acquisitions of the Swede from the Empire by the Peace of Munster were the Dutchy of Lower Pomerania and in the Vpper-Stetin Gartz Daâ— and Golnau the Island and Principality of Rugen the Isles and Mouths of Oder the Dukedoms of Bremen and Ferden The City Signiore and part of Wismar Wildhusen in Westphalia the priviledg to attempt the rest of Pomerania and the new Marquisate of Brandenburgh The Treaty of Oliva near Dantzick 1660 was so advantageous to this Kingdom that the King of Poland there utterly renounced the Title of King of Swedeland for the future and consented that Livonia from thenceforth should be Hereditary to the Crown of Sweden This was intended of Livonia upon the North of the River Duna where only Dunâ—mburgh was reserv'd to the Crown of Poland according to the Truce made at Stumsdorf for 26 years Anno 1635. The Peace with Muscovy restor'd to Sweden all that the Grand Duke had taken in Livonia The King of â—weden pretends to the Succession of Cleves and Juliers by Title from his Great Grand-father John Duke of Deux Ponts who Married Magdalene the thirteenth Sister to Duke John-William In the Estates of this Kingdom the Country-men
runneth a long Course of about 400 miles through Carinthia and Hungary falleth into the Danube at Drazat over against Erdoed or Erdewdy the old Teutoburgium of Ant. and Ptol. D. Brown tells us that it is a good stream as high as Villach where there is a Bridg over it and at Clagenfart he passed over it upon two long Wooden Bridges and an Island in the middle between them 5. The Savus Ptol. Saus Strab. in MS. Sheldeni 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sabus Solin La Sava Ital. Saw Germ. Le Save Gal. is a noble River arising in the Mountains between Carinthia and Carniola and swelling by the accession of many Rivers after a Course of above 350 miles entereth the Danube at Belgrade At Crainburg not far distant from the Head it was a considerable stream which afterwards so enlarged as to make remarkable Islands one at Sissex by Zagrabia the other Metubarris at the West of old Sarmium 6. Upon the North of Hungary are the Rivers arising from the Capathian Mountains which divide Poland from Hungary viz. the Gran and Ipola which uniting together runneth into the Danube over against Strigonium or Gran. 6. The Neytra which passing by Newhausel entereth the Danube over against Komara 8. The Wagg or Vagus which Stuckius saith equals the Po in Italy at Fristat 50 miles from its entrance into the Danube it is a very large River and hath a long Bridg over it And at Trenschin it hath a considerable Bridg over it 9. Besides these there are others esteemed Fluvii non ignobiles viz. the Leytha which entereth the Danube at Altemburg or Owar and the Bounds of Austria 10. The Sarvitza or Orpanus arising near Vesprinium and passing Alba Regalis runneth into the Danube at Jeni or Nova Palanka over against Bathmonster 11. Curassus or Crasso fatal to Lewis the second King of Hungary 12. Walpo or Vulpanus over which there is a Bridg at Walcovar 13. The River Bosnath Boswetha or Bacunthus which falleth into the Savus not far from the old Surmium As this Country excelleth in Rivers so it hath many considerable and long Bridges not to mention the Bridg of Boats over the Danube between Gran and Barchan nor of that Bridg of Boats between Buda and Pest where the Danube is half a mile over which is so contrived as to open a passage for Boats and Vessels of Burthen to pass nor shall I name those already mentioned There is a handsome and well contrived Bridg at Calotza But that over the Danube at Esseck is scarce to be parallel'd by any other Built partly over the Dravus and partly over the Fens which are often overflowed and is five miles in length Having Towers built upon it at the distance of every quarter of a mile supported by great Trees erected under it nine or ten in a rank unto each Arch and handsomely Railed on each side It cost the Turks 300000 Dollars and six years time to build it That part of the Bridg which was over the Dravus was burnt down by Count Serini in the late Turkish Wars between Leopold the Emperor and Sultan Mahomet 4th and is now supplied by a Bridg of Boats somewhat below the former As Hungary aboundeth in Rivers so 't is not without its notable Lakes viz. the Lake Balaton or Platzee the Volcaea of old extending a great length between Vesprinium and the Dravus with some strong Forts upon it which put a stop unto the cruelty of Solyman's Soldiers when they destroyed all from Buda unto this Lake There is also the Newsidlar Sea by the Hungarians Terteu by Plin. Peiso A pleasant Lake seven German miles long and three broad in the Commotions of Botscay 14 Villages about this Lake were burnt by the Turks Tartars and Rebellious Heyducks The Rivers and Lakes of Hungary are abundant in Fishes The Tibissus or Teisse is esteemed the most Fishy River in Europe if not in the World. 'T is commonly said that it consisteth of two parts of Water and one of Fish and the River Bodrack which runs into the Tibiscus as aforesaid not far from Tokay is so full of Fish that in Summer-time when the River is low the people say the Water smells of Fish tho the River is thirty fathom broad and eight and a half deep This exceeding fertility some ascribe unto the Saline Tinctures both of its own stream and others accessionary unto it which lick the many Salt Mines under ground and so may carry some principles of faecundity with them The Danube aboundeth with many good Fishes as Trouts Perches large and delicious Carps a Fish called Scheyden much exceeding a Pike At some seasons great store of Hausans some 20 foot long esteemed a good Dish and somewhat like Sturgeon with many other sorts And as the Rivers are full of Fish so in the Winter they are covered with many sorts of Fowls The most considerable Cities of Hungary are Buda Hung. Aquincum or Acincum Ptol. Ant. teste Clev. Sicambria Curta aliis By the Germans called Offen by the French Bude by the Spaniards Italians and English Buda so called as some tell us from Buda the Brother of Attilla Anno Dom. 401. Others suppose it so called from Budini a famous Scythian people who engaged with Attilla in his famous Expedition Yet others tell us it was called Bada from the so many Renowned Baths in it 'T is distant from Belgrade 49 German miles and from Vienna 54 teste Baud. First taken from the Heathen Successors of Attila by Charles the Great 791 taken from the Hungarians by Sultan Solyman Anno Dom. 1526. Recovered the year following by King Ferdinand Brother to the Emperor Charles the Fifth who was Elected King by the four Orders of the States of the Kingdom But in the year 1529 it was retaken by Solyman and committed to John Zapolia Prince of Transylvania Ann. 1541 K. Ferdinand sent his General Roggendorf with an Army of 40000 men and 40 Cannon But the Turks coming in to their Assistance with a numerous Army the Germans were forced to raise the Siege Whereupon the Sultan politickly seized upon the City sent the young Prince Sigismund with the Princess his Mother into Transylvania and kept the Town in his own hands and made it the Seat of a Biglerbeg or Vice-Roy whose authority extended over all the Bashaws of Hungary In the year 1542 it was besieged by Joachim Elector of Brandenburgh who was forced to draw off and quit the Siege 1598 or 9 Count Swartzenburgh besieged it but the attempt miscarried Anno 1602 General Rosworm also with the Imperial Army attacked it in vain Whosoever shall read of the Sieges of 1684 and 1686 will find the Story of the most famous Sieges in the World where Blood was spilt like water and many brave men found their Graves where the Assailants equalling if not surpassing Titus storming Jerusalem and Abdi Bashaw no less bravely obstinate in defending his Trust than Villerius upon the Walls of
and Tartars and assaulted Barchan a Palanka opposite to Gran. Since the Battel between Syclos and Mohatz 1687 the chief Places belonging to the Turks in Hungary are Agria Hatwan Gyulla Great VVaradin and Temeswar in the Vpper Hungary Canissa and Albâ— Regalis in the Lower Hungary Of Germany A New Map of GERMANY By Robt. Morden THE Name of Germans is much controverted amongst Authors some think them so called by the Romans who seeing the people so like unto the Gauls called them Germans to the Gauls Others derive it from Ger signifying all and man whence also came the Name of Almaine which some fabulously derive from Alman whom they would have to be the 11th King of the Dutch or Germans Others from the River Atmul by later Writers called Almannus whereunto they should border Others more probably from the Dutch Allensen Mann Signifying all sorts of men or all hardy and valiant The many opinions also and great differences we have found amongst Authors in the Interpretations of the many ancient German Nations makes me at present not to mention them 'T is generally agreed that the Gomerians or Cimbri were the first Inhabitants of Gaul Germany and all the Nations of the North and West of Europe and that the Gauls their Off-spring under their Captain Segovesus victoriously ranged over all Germany from whom have sprung the ancient Inhabitants of this Country Divided they were into several Nations and these also subdivided into lesser Tribes The first Nation of the Germans who made the Romans as well feel their Swords as know their Names were the Cimbri Tentones and Ambrones upon their Invasion of Gaul and Italy who were overcome and Destroyed by Marius After this Caesar upon his Conquest of France having passed the Rhine and provoked the Germans stirred up a tedious War all other Adventures were easie to the daring Romans Nothing could give Check to Caesars Fortune only the Germans who at last were rather Triumphed over than Subdued by their greatest Armies How little was their Progress How inconsiderable were their Acquests after so long a War which continued for more Generations than others lasted Years And indeed some part of Germany viz. that beyond the Elbe and Danube was never so much as Attacqued Endangered once by Drusius in the Reign of Caesar Augustus but freed by the Victory of Arminius and the death of Varus and his Legions neglected afterwards as a people unconquerable or not worth the conquering Towards the wain of the Roman Empire the Names of the ancient Inhabitants by little and little worn out and quite extinguished through their Fights and Butcheries amongst themselves their Transmigrations into foreign Countries their affection and union into new Names and the Fleetings and Invasions of the Sarmatians and more Eastern people Germany became confounded and peopled with thirteen for the most part differing Names of the Saxons Almans French Thuringiens Boioarians Huns Lombards Avares Hungarians Danes Norwegians Suethide or Sclaves whose Original fortunes Kingdoms and States issuing from them I must refer for a larger Treatise of Geography if God permit But the fatal period of the Roman Empire drawing on apace the Franks Burgundians Almains and other German Nations break through their Guards dispossess the Romans of all Gaul Rhetia and Noricum till in the end the French prevailing over the rest extend their Empire over all the Modern Germany chiefly by the Valour of Charles the Great created Emperor of the West part of France and Germany Afterwards in the time of Lodovicus Pius the Son of Charles the Great Empire of his Father was parcelled out into many parts viz. Italy France Burgundy Lorrain and Germany amongst his Sons and Nephews with the Title of Kings by which means the Kingdoms of Lorrain and Germany United in the Person of Lewis the Ancient were aliened from the French and possessed by the great Princes of Lorrain Saxony Suabia and Bavaria As also by them dismembred into many Principalities and Inferior States all passing under the Name of Alman or Germans Germany is now bounded on the East with Poland and Hungary on the West with France Switzerland and the Seventeen Provinces on the North with the Baltick Sea and Denmark and on the South with the Alps which part it from Italy The length whereof from East to West viz. from the Borders of Lorrain to Poland is 766 miles the breadth from North to South viz. from the Baltick Sea to the Southermost part of Tyrol is 657 miles of the same Measure viz. 73 to a degree 'T is situate in the Northern Temperate Zone the longest day in the Southern parts being 15 hours and an half in the most Northern 17 hours and a Quarter 'T is a spacious Country and very Populous the People of strong Constitution of a good Proportion and Complexion very ingenious and stout much given to Drink but of an Honest Noble Nature The poorer sort great pains-takers and the Nobles either stout Souldiers or good Scholars The Women are of good Complexion but corpulent good Bearers and fruitful Breeders The Title of the Father descends to their Children so that every Son of a Duke is a Duke and every Daughter of a Dutchess is a Dutchess whence it follows that the Nobility being too much multiplied is no less impoverished The Language here generally spoken is the High-Dutch a Language very Ancient and hath less commixture with the Latin than any which is used in these Western parts No Country in the World is either better Planted with goodly Cities or more Pleasant and Healthful A Country abounding with Mines of Silver and other Metals plentiful in Corn Wines Salt Flesh Linnen Quick-silver Allom Saffron Armour and Iron-works The Germans are excellent Mechanicks eminent for Water-works Chymistry and Printing Memorable is the story of Regiomontanus's Wooden Eagle that flew a quarter of a mile to meet the Emperor Maximilian but especially famous is this Region for the two Grand Inventions of the latter Ages viz. That fatal Instrument the Gun first found out by Bertholdus Swart a Frier The Mystery of Printing first discovered by a Soldier The Religion of this Country is divided into Papists and Protestants the latter again divided into Lutherans and Calvinists About the year 1250 the Empire being greatly distracted into many Factions each Faction chose a King of the Romans or Emperor The Empire thus fluctuating for about twenty years The Princes met at Quidlinburg and made a League of Defence together and meeting at Francfort they chose Radolphus Earl of Hapsburg in the year 1270 who gaining Austria and other Territories adjacent was the first Arch-Duke of Austria about 1280. About the year 1500 the State of Burgundy which comprehended also the Low-Countries was by Marriage with the Heiress thereof added to the House of Austria About the same time under Maximilian the First the publick Courts of Judicature called the Imperial Chamber the Supream Tribunal and Appeal of Justice was fixed at Spire and
resides Charlsstat is a strong Fort built by the Swedes near the mouth of the River Weser This Country with the Principality of Ferden in Westphalia now belongs to the Swedes by the Treaty of Munster Of Lawenburg THIS Dutchy gives Name to the Princes of Saxon Lawenburg who are Branches of the same House with the Princes of Anhalt It s chief place is Lawenburg or Laubenburg upon the Elb a fine Town but the Castle is ruined and the Duke lives at Ratzeburg though he hath nothing there but the Castle the Town belonging as was said to the Duke of Mecklenburg Of Magdeburg Ditio Magdeburgensis THIS Diocess lies extended on both sides of the Elb betwixt Brandenburg and the proper Saxony The chief Town is Magdenburg Magdenburg incolis Magdburg al. Magdeburg antiquis monumentis Pathenopolis Mesuium Ptol. testis Appiano A Burgraveship of the Empire and Arch-Bishops See giving name to the Country Reedified by Editha Wise unto the Emperor Henry the First and Daughter to Edmund King of England and thus named in Honour of her Sex. Her Effigies in stone is in the Cathedral Church with 19 Tuns of Gold which she gave thereunto though others say it was from the Worship of the Virgin Diana A place of great state large and fair and strongly fortified once the Metropolitan City of Germany famous in the Protestant Wars for a whole years years Siege against the Emperor Charles the Fifth But sacked and burnt by Tilly and 36000 persons put to the Sword and destroyed 1631. and the Town almost ruined 'T was also famous for the first Turnament which was in Germany which was performed here in the year 637. by the Emperor Henry Sirnamed the Fowler These are the chief parts of the Lower Saxony and contain the ninth Circle of the Empire Of BOHEMIA BOiemum Tac. Beiohemum Paterc Bomi Ptol. Boheim Germ. Boheme Galliâ— Boemia Hispanis Bohemia Italis Czeskazem incolis teste Brieto This Kingdom is environed about with Mountains and Forests as it were with Fortifications The Air sharp and piercing the Country rough and hilly rich in Minerals and yielding sufficient plenty of Corn and other necessary Provisions Wine excepted First inhabited by some of the Germans who were dispossessed by the Boii who gave Name unto the Country The Boii were routed by the Marcomanni a people of Germany And these were also ejected by the Sclaves under Zechus Brother unto Lechus the Founder of the Polish Monarchy about the year 649. called in their own Country-language Czechi but named from the Country they seized upon Boiohaemi upon their first arrival This people were Governed by Dukes until about the year 1086. when Vratislaus or Vladislaus was created the first King of Bohemia in a Diet at Mentz by the Emperor Henry the Fourth about the year 1199. Power was given to the States to chuse their Princes before being Elected by the Grace of the Emperors since which time the Kingdom continued Elective though most commonly enjoyed by the next of blood until the Royal Line being extinct the Kingdom was devolved upon the House of Austria Chief Places are Praga Italis Prag incolis Prague Gallis Marobudum Ptol. teste Sans Briet the Capital and Royal City of the Kingdom of Bohemia seated upon the River Muldaw by the Bohemians Vltave it consisteth of three Towns the Old the New and the Lesser 'T is an Arch-Bishoprick and University where in the year 1409. were reckoned above 40000 Students under the Rectorship of John Hus. The greatest remarks are the Emperors Palace and Summer-house A fair Cathedral Church built 923. The Palace and Garden of Colaredo The Palace of Count Wallestein Duke of Freidland The Bridg being 1700 Foot long and 35 foot broad with two Gates under two High Towers of Stone at each end Near Prague that deciding Battel was fought Novemb. 8. 1620 between Frederick Prince Palatine of the Rhine Elected King of Bohemia and the Emperor Ferdinand the Second where the Victory fell unto the Imperialists Prague forced to yield and King Frederick and his Queen forced to fly into Silesia Teutchin Broda by the River Saczua a strong place when taken by Zisca who then forced the Emperor Sigismund to fly out of Bohemia Janikaw where was fought that famous Battel of Febr. 24. 1643. between Torstenson and the Imperialists the success gave the Swedes the advantage of proceeding further Czaslaw is the place where Zisca was buried that famous Bohemian General who fought when he was blind and when dead wished his friends to make a Drum of his Skin Guttenburg or Cottenburg is famous for its Silver Mines Egra is a strong City accounted the second of Bohemia and chief Magazine of the Country The Mountains of the Giants in Bohemia called Riphaei or Cerconossi are famous for three things for their Signification and Prognosticks of all Tempests for the rarity of Plants Stones and Gems there growing and for a Spectrum called Ribenzal which is said to walk about those Mountains in the form of a Huntsman Anselmus de Boot tells us that Rudolphus the second King of Bohemia had a Table of Jewels which he calls the Eighth Wonder of the World it was wrought with uch Art that the Jewels which were set together with invisible joints presented a most pleasant Landskip naturally representing Woods Rivers Flowers Clouds Animals c. the like not to be found in the World. The Waters of Carolina al. Karsbad found out Anno 1370. in the time of Charles the Fourth will in a Nights time turn Wood into a stony crust That the Loadstones of Bohemia will give the point of the World but not draw Iron and that a Needle touched with one of those Stones never points directly North but decline eight or more degrees to the last That Mummies as good as any in Egypt have been found in Bohemia a whole man of Myrrh Amber Bones of Giants and Unicorns horns are dig'd out of the Mountains See the Hlstory of Bohemia Bohuslao Balbino Soc. Jes in fol. Prag 1679. Other chief Towns are Pilsen large and Walled Tabor upon the River Lauznitz Koningsgratz Ger. Hradium Reginae Kralowikradetz Boh. Kuttenburg Ger. Kutnahora Boh. Budereiss Ger. al. Budeiowice Boh. Leitmeritz Ger. al. Litomierzitze Boh. To these we may add the County of Glatz upon the Borders of Silesia Of Moravia Marherin or Mahren IS a Country lying open only towards Austria and the South upon the other sides environed with Mountains and Forests plain within and exceedingly populous pleasant and fruitful for Corn Wine and Pasturage The Air somewhat unhealthy being debarred from the cleansing East and Northern Winds Once a Kingdom now a Marquisate subject to the Bohemians an Appendant of that State since Anno 1417. when Sigismund the Emperor gave it to Albertus King of Bohemia Chief Places are Olmutz or Olmuntz Germ. Olmuez Olomucium Olomuncium Latino Holemane Boh. the Eburum of Ptol. teste Pyram Appiano rather Barouua teste Laz. A University seated
are glad to entertain Commerce with them and to crave their Assistance in their Wars one with another This Peninsula may be divided into four principal parts Decan Golconda Narsingua and Malabar Decan acknowledges Visapour Musopatta Baud. Viziapour Thev for her Capital City which is large but scambling the Kings Palace is vastly big but ill built the Seat of Idalcan or Dialcan a Mahometan King once very powerful He took Dabul from the Portugals besieged Chaâ—l and Goa leading in his Army near two hundred thousand men well provided with Ammunition his Artillery great having as 't is said one particular Cannon that will carry a Bullet of near eight hundred pound weight once tributary to the Mogul but now absolute Tav who has won from him Dultabat of a great Trade and one of the best Fortresses in the Moguls Empire Bider Paranda and other places and built the great and new City of Aureng-abad encompassed with a Lake and adorned with a fair Mosque and stately Monument Goa the Barigaza of old is the residence of the Portugal Viceroy and the King of Portugal's Magazine for the East-Indies and Harbour for their Indian Fleet 'T is reported that the Hospital of Goa is more Beautiful Richer and better accommodated than the Hospital of the Holy-Ghost in Rome or the Infirmery of Maltha The City is very large and though without Gates and Walls yet with its Castles and Forts 't is of great strength and force Their Houses fair their Palaces and publick Buildings very Magnificent their Churches stately and richly adorned Her Strength and Beauty took rise from the Decan Kings from whom Anno 1509 Albuquerque the Victorious Portugal conquered it and after that defended it against 70000 Foot and 3500 Horse which Idulcan brought to reduce it with 'T is the bravest and best defended City in the Orient seated in an Isle called Tilsoar 30 miles in Circuit surrounded by a fresh River streaming from the mighty Mountain Bellaguate The whole Isle so abounding in several little Towns Fields Groves and Gardens replenished with Grass Corn Cattle Fruit Flowers and such self-ravishing Objects that here the Portugals live in all manner of delight and pleasure exceeding Proud and Stately but Civil and Courteous both Sexes given to Venery and the Women excessively amorous of White Men but much confined The King of Visapour hath four good Ports in this Decan Territory Rejapour Dabul Dunga of old first yielded to the Mercy of Andragius Governor of Chaul but soon taken by the Decanees but recovered from them by F. Almeyda and after great Slaughter of the Inhabitants and Rich Spoile burnt the City repaired afterward by the Vice Roy of Goa About the year 1620 taken by an English Captain Hall who made the Daring Portugal know that their Bravadoes to the English were not terrible Choul the Comane of Ptol. teste Cast ravished from the Diadem of Decan by Almeyda in the year 1507. And in the year 1573 it was besieged by Misamoluc the Decan Prince with an numerous Army of Horse Foot and Elephants but he was forced to raise his Siege with Loss and Shame Crapatan and Mengrelia which last is one of the best Roads in all India and is famous for Cardamum the best of Spices and the Dutch have a Factory there The HISTORY of Sevagy Tav Sivagi Thev THe Plundering of Surrat by Sivagy and the desperate Attacks made upon some of our East-India Ships especially that of the President Captain Jonathan Hide Commander in the year 1683 by 1500 of his men in three Ships and four Grabs who were bravely repulsed with a great Slaughter though those brave Men had not the happiness long to enjoy the Honour of that noble Action the Ship being unfortunately cast away coming into the Chanel and all the Men but two lost These and many other of his Actions have given many occasion to inquire what he is and what Country he possesseth This Raja Sivagi born at Bashaim the Son of a Captain of the King of Visiapour's being of a restless and turbulent Spirit rebelled in his Fathers life-time and putting himself at the head of several Banditi and other debauched young men he retired unto the Mountains of Visiapour and made his part good against all those that came to attack him The King of Visiapour thinking that his Father kept Intelligence with him caused him to be arrested and he died in prison Sivigy conceived so great a hatred against the King that he used all endeavours to be revenged of him And in a very short time he plundered Visiapour and with the Booty he took made himself so strong in Men Arms and Horses that he became able enough to seize some Towns viz. Rasapour Rasigar Crapaten Daboul and to form a little State thereabout The King dying about that time and the Queens endeavours to reduce him being unsuccessful she accepted the Peace he proposed to her that he should enjoy the Territories which he had subdued that he should be tributary to the Young King and pay him half his Revenue However he could not rest but plundered some places belonging to the Great Mogul who therefore sent Forces against him under the Conduct of the Governor of Aurenge-Abat But Sivigi having his retreat always in the Mountains and being extreamly cunning the Mogul could not reduce him In the mean time to be revenged on the Mogul he resolved to plunder Surrat which he did for 40 days so that none but the English and Dutch saved themselves by the viperous Defence they made by reason of their Cannon which Siâ—â—â— would not venture upon nor durst he adventure to attack the Caâ—â—le but marched off with the Wealth he got which was reported to be worth in Jewels Gold and Silver to the value of Thirty French Millions which was in the year 1664 when he was 35 years oâ— Age. And the Mogul s Affairs not suffering him to pursue his Revenge upon Sivigy he still continues his Robberies and Pyracies upon all opportunities and occasions Malâ—bar or Malavar is a low Country with a delightful Coast and well inhabited by people that practice Pyracy There is a certain wind which blowing there in winter so disturbs the neighbouring Sea that it rouls the Sand to the mouths of the adjoining Ports so that at that time there is not water for little Barks to enter but in the Summer time another contrary wind is there so violent that it drives back the same Sand and renders the Ports again navigable The great number of Rivers in this Country renders Horses useless especially for War. A Country most part of the year verdant and abounding with Cattle Corn Cotton Pepper Ginger Câ—ssia Cardamum Rice Myrobalans Ananas-pappas Melons Dates Coco's and other Fruits Calecut or Calicut thought to be the Town which Ptol. calls Canthapis an Error of Niger and Bertius Calicaris Herb. is a Town of Trade where the Portugals first setled themselves though not with that success as at Cochin where
the Leuearum of Ant. Pembroke the chief Shire-Town seated on Milferd Haven so large and capacious that it may safely contain a 1000 sail of Ships over which it hath two fair Bridges a place of good strength fortified with a Wall and a strong Castle seated on a Rock St. Davids Menevia Fanum Davidis once a City of good account now only notable in that it is a Bishops See and a fair Cathedral Haverfordwest is the Town where the Assizes are kept Tenby is seated upon a Rock having a commodious Road for Ships Fishgard is the Abergwaine of the Welsh The Description of SCOTLAND SCOTIAE Nova Descriptiō per. Robert Morden SCOTLAND is separated from England by the Rivers Tweed and Solway and the Cheviot Hills The Ancient Inhabitants were the Britains divided by Ptolomy into many lesser Names by Dion and Xiphilinus into two only general viz. the Calidonii and Meatae Afterwards called the Picts towards the wain of the Roman Empire from their Paintings and for their better distinction from the civil and clothed Britains distinguished by Am. Marcellinus into the Picts Ducalidoniae and the Vecturiones The Scots a Colony of the bordering Irish intruding amongst and conquering the Picts or Britains all other Names worn out the whole are now accounted Scots The Length of Scotland I find set down by Heylin to be 480 Miles but the breadth in no place more than 60 Miles the truth of which will appear if you consider the Latitude of Solway-Frith near Carlisle the most Southern part of Scotland and Straitsby-head the most Northern you will find the greatest length can be but 260 English Miles and the breadth in the broadest place more than 160 Miles as you will easily see by the Map. Scotland according to its Situation may be divided by the River Tay into two parts viz. North and South commonly distinguished by the Names of Highland and Lowland The first was the Ancient Kingdom of the Scots The other the Old Habitation of the Picts The People of the former are by Nature and Disposition rude and uncivil The Inhabitants of the latter in Disposition Civility Language and Habit are much resembling the English and are thought to be Descended of the Saxons On the West part of Scotland are many Woods Mountains and Lakes Towards the East it is more Fruitful in Corn especially Barley and Oats Their Fruits are not very Excellent nor plentiful but they have abundance of Fish and Fowl not much Cattel nor big Their chief Commodities are Coarse Clothes Freezes Fish Lead Oar Feathers Allows Iron Salt-petre Linnen cloth Train-Oyl some Hides and Tallow The Kingdom of Scotland consists of the Nobility Gentry and Commons These with the Lords Spiritual Assemble together in Parliament when called by Writ from the King of Great Britain who by Reason of his Residence in England constituteth and appoints a Vice-Roy to Act under him at the said Session of Parliament called Lord Commissioner who at present is William Duke of Queensbury As to their Courts of Judicature they have several the Chief is the Session or Colledg of Justice consisting of a President fourteen Senators seven of the Clergy and as many of the Laisy whereunto is now added the Chancellor who is chief and four Lords of the Nobility besides as many Advocates and Clerks as the Senators see convenient These sit and administer Justice every day from nine to twelve except Sundays and Mondays from the first of November to Christmas-Eve and from the first of January to the last of February and from Trinity-Sunday to the first day of August But now by Act of Parliament the Summer-Sessions are taken away and instead thereof they are to be kept in March. This Court is of great state and order the Clerks write all the Material heads that are pleaded at the Bar. And after the parties are removed the Senators consider the Arguments and give sentence and the major part carries it Their final Sentence or Decrees determines all business there being no appeal only to the Parliament who may receive and repeal their decisive sentence The next supream Court is the Justice-Court where all Criminals are tried it consists of a Lord Justice General and of a Lord Justice Clark who is his assistant This Order was changed Anno 1669 and by Act of Parliament four Judges were appointed to sit in this Court with the Lord Justice General c. The Jury is made up of fifteen the major part determines the matter Besides this Court there are in every Shire or County Inferior Civil Judicatories or Courts kept wherein the Sheriff of the Shire or his Deputy decideth Controversies and Law-Suits but from these there are Appeals to the Sessions or Higher Court of Equity There are likewise Judicatories called Commissarials for Ecclesiastical Affairs The Shires of Scotland are viz. Edinburg Barwick Peeblis Selkirk Roxburg Dumfreis Wightown Air Renfrew Lanrick or Lanock Dumbritton or Dunbarton Boot Inner Ara Perth Striveling or Sterling Linlithgow Clackmanan Kinros Couper Fife Forfar Kinkardin Marrischals Aberdeen Bamf Errols Elgin Nairn Innerness Ross Cromarty Tayn Dornock Weik Orkney The Constabulary of Haddington The Stewartries of Strath-yern Monteith Annannaile Kirkubright The Baileries of Kyle Carriek Cunningham Scotland is also divided into several Counties or Parts Lothien Merch Teifidal or Tiviotdale Eskdale Easkdale Liddesdale Annandale Nithisdale Galloway Carrick Kyle Cunningham Clidesdale Lennox Striveling or Sterling Mentieth Fife Strathern Argile Lorn Cantire Arran Albany or Braid Albin Perth Athol Anguis Mernis Buquihan or Buchan Marr Marray Lochabyr Rosse Southerland Strathnavern Cathnes The Government whereof is divided into two Arch-Bishopricks Saint Andrews and Glasco under whom are several Suffragan Bishops It s chief places are 1. Edinburgh the Metropolitan City of this Kingdom Situate in a high and wholsome Air and a Fertil Soil consisting chiefly of one Street about a Mile in length out of which runs many smaller Lanes and Streets 'T is strongly begirt with a Wall and Fortified by a fair and strong Castle seated on the top of a Rock a place Adorned with many fair Edifices Dignified with the Courts of Judicature High Court of Parliament and a University 2. St. Andrews of Old Fanum Reguli hath a fair Prospect towards the Sea near the fall of the Ethan Fortified with a fair and strong Castle Dignified with an Archbishops See. 3. Glasco pleasantly seated on the River Cluyd over which it hath a fair Bridge A place of good Account Dignified with an Arch-Bishops See and a University Glasquum Script Scot. 4. Sterling a place of good strength and Fortified with a strong Castle Strivilingum vel Strevelinum seu Sterlinga 5. Dunbritton a place of great strength having the strongest Castle in all Scotland both by Nature and Art. Castrum Britonum 6. Falkland pleasantly seated for Hunting 7. Perth or St. Johns Town a place of good Account pleasantly seated at the Mouth of the River Tay between two Greens 8. Aberdeen
Schawenburg 4. Of Benthem 5. Of Tecklenburg 6. Of Ravenspurg 7. Hoy. 8. Lingen Lip c. The free Cities are 1. Embden the Amasia Ptol. teste Cleverio 2. Herverden 3. Brake 4. Soest 5. Dortmund in the County of Marck 6. Lemgow in the County of Lip. The Title of Westphalia as Ducal is usurped by the Archbishop of Collen ever since the proscription of Duke Henry Sirnamed the Lion. Our second Division of Germany was that of the Danube wherein may be comprehended first Suevia Italis Schwaben Germanis Sovabe Gallis Of the Circle of Suevia or Almaigne THE Circle or Dukedom of Schwaben or Almaigne for by these two Names the ancient Dukedom was called The State was erected under this last Title by Clovis King of the French. The first Dukes were but Governours under the French during pleasure After the division of the French Empire by the Sons of Lewis the Godly and that the Empire was translated to the Germans they became Hereditary The first that transmitted this Honour to Posterity was Frederick the First created Duke of Schwaben or Almaigne by Henry the Fourth Conradinus taken Prisoner in Italy in his Wars against Charles Duke of Anjou and afterwards beheaded at Naples without Heirs was the last Duke of Scwaben and in whom ended the Succession and Family of the Fredericks After this Disaster the Dukedom for want of Heirs falling to the Empire became scattered into sundry lesser States viz. Ecclesiasticks Laicks and Imperial Cities The Bishops are 1. of Ausbourg whose Residence is at Dilling 2. Of Constauce whose Residence is at Mersburg 3. Of Coire in the Grisons Other Grand Prelates are first the Abbot of Kempten 2. The Grand Prior of the Order of Maltha whose Residence is at Heitersheim about two German Miles South of Brisach and Freiburg The Secular Princes are 1. The Duke of Wirtenburg who was raised to Ducal Dignity in a Diet held at Worms 1495. He hath a Country where the Mountains abound in Mines Vines and Woods The Forest of Schwartz-waldt are well stored with Timber-Trees Game and Venison of all kinds the Vallies are a continuation of Meadows covered with Cattel and watered with Brooks full of Fish the Plains are thick set with Gardens like those of the Hesperides His Residence is at Stutgard Stutgardia seated near to the Necker There is no where to be seen fairer Rows of Orange-Trees Grotta's better contrived and beautified Fountains more artificial nor Fruits more pleasant to the sight or tast than here They that have been at Tubing Tubingaâ—ol Augusta know how many Princes Counts Lords Barons and Gentlemen have been bred in that Noble College and University where are excellent Professors in all Faculties principally in those which are worthy of Illustrious persons In this Country are reckoned 63 Cities 158 great Towns 645 Villages 537 Water-mills and 14 Abbeys of large Revenue He hath a fair Militia of Horse and Foot and many Fortresses 2. Of the Marquisate of Baden and Durlach The Marquess of Baden after the death of Philip the last of the Hochbergian Branch was united into that Anno 1503 who dying in the year 1515. His Lands were parted between his two Sons Bernard and Ernest who are now the Heads of two principal Branches into which this House is divided viz. Baden and Dourlach whose Country lies adjacent to the Rhine intermingled up from Basil to Philipsburg a Country pleasant and Soil fruitful chiefer Towns are Baden giving name to the Country and so called from the Hot Medicinal Baths thereof 2. Dourlach the Title of the second Son. 3. Of the Counts of Hohenzolleren The Lords of this House are Hereditary Chamberlains to the Emperors since the time of Maximilian the First Their Castle of Hohenzolleren was ruined by Henrietta Countess of Wirtemberg and Montbelliard but reedified about the year 1480 at which time Philip Duke of Burgundy Albert Elector of Brandenburg Albert Duke of Austria and Charles Marquis of Baden laid the first stone of it using a Tray a Trowel and a Mallet all of Silver 4. The Counts of Fustemberg who are very renowned in History a Prince of the Empire 5. The Counts of Helfenstein having flourished above 1000 years expired some years since 6. The Counts of Ottinguen or Oeting are divided into two principal Branches that of Waldenstein is Catholick that of Ottinguen Lutheran 7. The Fuggers are not very ancient 8. The Papenheims are very famous 9. The Baron of Walburg is considerable Besides these there are some parts wholly belonging to the Empire 10. Constance Constantia seated on the Bodenzee belongeth to the House of Austria Anno 1548 it was out-lawed by Charles the Fifth and is famous for the Council here held Anno 1414 where were assembled the Emperor Sigismund four Patriarchs 29 Cardinals 346 Archbishops and Bishops 564 Abbots and Doctors 16000 Secular Princes and Noblemen 450 Harlots 600 Barbers 320 Minstrels and Jesters The business was the deposing of three Popes Gregory the 12th at Rome John the 23d at Bononia and Bennet the 13th in Spain and setting up Martin the Fifth And the degrading and burning of Hierome of Prague and John Hus without any respect to the safe conduct of the Emperor Sigismund The Bodenzee by Plin. Lacus Acronius Brigantinus is about 8 Dutch Miles in length and 3 in breadth and in its greatest depth at Mersperg about 600 yards At the Island Meinaw in the year 1647 the Swedes digging found a Treasure to the value of five Millions The chief and Imperial Cities of Schwaben are Ausburg or Auspurg Augshurg from Augusti Burgum where Augustus setled a Roman Colony after Claudius Drusius Nero Germanicus had brought it into Subjection Druso Magus of old and afterwards Augusta Tiberia Augusta Vindelicorum Ptol. Augusta Vindelicium Ant. famous for its Magnificence Town-House for being a Bishops See and Imperial 2. Vlm Vlma seated at the meetings of the Rivers Iler Blave and Danube of great state large rich and well fortified being six miles in compass Here the Danube begins first to be Navigable Kempten Campidunum was the ordinary Residence of the ancient Dukes of Swaben and the native place of Hildegardis Wife to Charlemagne Dinkelspiel was often taken and retaken in the late Wars Essinguen is a pretty Town upon the Neckar under the protection of the Duke of Wirtenburg At Hal is made great quantity of Salt. Hailbrun is an Imperial City yet pays the Tenth of its Wines and Grain to the Duke of Wirtemburg Kaufbegeren bought its liberty for â—5000 Livres Lindaw stands upon an Island in the Lake Constance and â—â—joyned to the firm Land by a Bridg 290 Paces long belonging to the Emperor who hath given it the priviledg of coining Money Memingam is very ancient Mulhausen is noted for its Gardens and Mills Nertlingen is remarkable for the Battel which the Swedes lost 1634 where General Bannier was slain and Gustavus Horn taken Prisoner Northausen for its Imperial Assemblies and Turnament held there Rotwiel for
on the River Morava or Marckh which running quite through the Country entereth the Donaw near Presburg and gave name to the Country large and strongly fortified taken by the Swedes but restored by the Treaty of Munster 2. Brinnum Brin Ger. Brno Bohemis the Arsicua of Ptol. Vilano but by Sans 't is Hradisch Walled and hath a strong Castle famous for the Siege of 1645. by the Swedes seated upon the River Schwartz 3. Iglaw Germ. or Igla Czihlawa Bohem. on the River so called seated upon a Hill on the Frontiers of Bohemia well fortified having a large Piazza 4. Znoimum Znaim Germ. Znoymo Bohem. seated upon the River Theya which divideth Moravia from Austria is famous for the death of Sigismund the Emperor and for its Painted Houses and for its Sieges of 1645. The Mâ—ravians are a plain dealing people stout and good Soldiers Gradisco near Olmutz is famous for its Myrrh and Frankincense which contrary to the common custom groweth immedately out of the Earth and the Frankincense groweth naturally in the shape and likeness of those parts which men and women most conceal teste Dubravivo in his Bohemian History Of Silesia Schlesingen Schlesien THIS Dutchy is watered in the middle by the River Oder wholly encompassed with Hills and Mountains except towards the North. The Air therefore sharp and piercing lying open to those blustering Winds The Country is plain rough and Woody yet abounding in Corn the Hilly parts yield plenty of Brass and other Metals It was once subject to the King of Poland afterwards it submitted or was subjected to the Kings of Bohemia and is now an Appendant of that State. The ancient Inhabitants among others were the Quadi against whom when M. Antonius the Emperor made War and being in a great strait the Legion of Christians in his Army by their Prayers obtained from Heaven not only Thundershot and Artillery which destroyed the Quadi but gentle showers which refreshed the faint and dying Romans Xiphil in his Dion Chief Places are Breslaw Ger. Wratzlaw Bohem. Vratislavia The Budorgis or Budorigum of Ptol. Pyramio Curio By Ortel Budorgis is Rattibor A Bishops See 970. burnt in the year 1341. now one of the fairest Cities in Germany with strait and open Streets Other Places are Glogaw Crossen belonging to the M. of Brandenburg Lignitz Schweinitz Olaw Oppâ—len Troppaw Ratibor Teschen c. Thus have we surrounded Germany and finished the Survey thereof As to the Revenue of the Emperor 't is not worth mentioning It had need therefore of some Prince whose own Estate is sufficient to support the Grandure and Dignity of so august a Title Of Helvetia or Schwitzerlandt SVISSE by Rt. Morden This Country which should have followed Germany being misplaced in the Copy is therefore here inserted AT what time this whole Mountainous Tract containing many several Nations was comprehended under the general Name of Helvetii they were grown to so great a Multitude by a long Peace and want of Traffique that the Country being Barren was no longer able to maintain them so that setting Fire to their own Towns they resolved to seek out new Dwellings but their passage being stop'd by Caesar he so wasted them by several Defeats that they were forced to crave leave to return into their own destroyed Country After this they continued Members of the Roman Empire till Conquered in the times of Honorius and Valentinian by the Burgundians and Almains betwixt whom it was divided after taken by the French it was made a part of the Kingdom of Burgundy and at length by degrees brought under the Power of the House of Austria by the Force of the Emperor Albert the Son of Rodolph of Haspurg But the People being over-burthened by the Oppression of their Governors taking Occasion by the Factions of the Empire and the Weakness of the Austrian Family they contracted a League Offensive and Defensive for Preservation of their Liberty into which entered those of Switz Vren and Vnderwald 1308. more strictly 1315. To these joyned Lucern 1353. Zurich 1351. Glaris Bearn and Zug 1352. Friburg and Soloturn 1481. Basil and Schafhausen 1501. Appenzeet 1513. called Switz from the name of the Village where first began this Confederacy or because the most Famous and most Potent of them not all united into one Confederation till the Year 1513. Of no great Reputation till the War made upon them by Charles Duke of Burgundy whom they Defeated in three Battels at Granson Morat and Nancy This Country is in Length about 240 Miles and 150 in Breadth very Mountainous affording Deers Wild Goats and Bears The lower Parts of these Mountains afford rich Meadows and Nourishing Pastures for Cattel wherein consists their greatest Wealth In some Places they have good Wines and Corn if the Care and Industry of the Husbandman be not wanting This is said to be the Highest Country in all Europe yet is no place more stored with Lakes and the Rise of more Famous Rivers which run through all Parts thereof viz. The Rhine Northward through the 17 Provinces the Danube Eastward through Germany Hungary the Poe Southwards through Italy and the Rodamus Westward through France As the Soil such are the Inhabitants of rude and rugged Dispositions more fit for Arms than Civil Occupations Serving any Prince that will Hire them In a word they are tall well proportioned and strong naturally Honest Frugal and Industrious great lovers of their Liberty As for the Body of their State it consists of three distinct Parts viz. 1. The Schwitzers 2. The States which are Confederate with them 3. The Praefectures which are Subjects to the Schwitzers The Schwitzers are comprehended in 13 Cantons viz. Suitia Switz Vria Vren Transilvania Vnderwald Luceria Lucern Tugium Zug Berna Bern Tiguriam Zurich Basilea Basil Friburgum Friburg Salodorum Soloturn ' Abbatis cella Appenzeel Glarona Glaritz Scaphusia Schaf hausen these make the Body of that Commonwealth enjoying many Rights and Privileges which the others do not The second Member is made up of the Towns and States Confederates with them for the Preservation of their Liberties viz. The Rhoetii or Grisons who in the year 1408 united in a perpetual League with Vren Switz Vnderwaldea Lucern Zurich Glaritz and Zug The Valesii Valaise or Walisland who in the year 1533. entered in League with the seven Catholick Cantons The Town of St. Gal in the year 1452. obtained the Protection and Confederacy of the six Cantons of Zurich Bern Lucern Switz Zug and Glaritz The Abbot of St. Gal only with Zurich Lucern Switzt and Glaritz Mulhausen Mulhusium Arialbinum Ant. teste Simlero in Alsatia a Town Imperial joyned in a perpetual League with all the Switzers 1515. Rotweil Rotevilla in Suavia a Town Imperial not far from the head of the Danow united 1519. with all the Cantons Bienna Bienne teste Baudrand rather Biel upon the Bieler-Lake was taken into the League with Bern 1547. Neocomium Naufchastal Gallis Nowenburg Germ. with
it the Garden of Holland as well for the cleanness of their Streets as the beauty of their Houses It is also famous for its Antiquity for its Library and the Excellent Edition of Books there Printed as also for the entire Defeat of the Spanish Army In this City was born that Taylor who to his ruin was made King of the Anabaptists in Munster Goude Gouda has this Advantage to be Situated among Springs and where the Inhabitants enjoy the purest Air in all Holland Rotterdam Roterodamum the place where Erasmus was Born is the best of the twelve Cities which they call small ones by reason of its great Trade upon the Meuse The Hague Haga Comitis St. Gravenhage la Hage which is the Residence of the States General is not a Burrough-Town but a Village the best Built and as delightful a place as most in the World. The Texel Texelia is a Port to the North. Famous for its Harbour The Brill Briela has the same Advantage towards the South in the Island of Voorn the rest of the Coast is all Sands with some small Shelter for Fisher-boats with the Islands Over-flac and Gorre There is also the rich and daily Butter and Cheese-Market Gorkum Gorichemum on the Wale a strong place and one of the Keys of Holland The fair and commodious Haven Schonhoven Schonhovia The strong and rich Goude Gouda Oudwater c. Elstein on the Yssel or Fossa Drusiana al. Itala with their Cables Cordage and other Trade The Butter and Cheese-Town Alkmear in the Marches Memorable for the defeat the Inhabitants gave Tâ— Alva meerly because he gave them no way to escape Important Enchusen or the Zuder Sea good and Rich Havens Horn and Edam Famous for Ships and Cheese and the Sea Nymph that learned to spin Zeland Zelandia is the Province which was first set at Liberty and last consented to the Peace with Spain At this day it contains the greatest part of the Prince of Oranges Possession That of Vacheren Walachria in the Map contains ten Dutch miles in compass is the fairest of all in the Low-Countries with the City of Middleburgh the Capital City of the Province and the Staple for Wines a strâ—â—â— and large Empory Flushing Flissinga the Key of the Netherlands is 〈◊〉 a good Harbour Once an English Garison and a Cautionary Town where the Renowned Sir Philip Sidney was the first Governour and died in that Service The strong Sea-Town Vere Veria having many Staples for Herring and other Commodities Famous for the most Noble and Illustrious Family of the Veres now Earls of Oxford The second Island is Schouwen Scaldia in the Map 2. containing six miles in Circuit its chief Town is Zerick-Zee noted for Madder and Salt and Brauwershaven inhabited by Fishermen here was first invented the marting of Herrings The third is Zuiit-Bevetland in the Map 3 whose only Town of note is Goes The fourth is Duueland or Duyueland named thus from the abundance of Pigeons there breeding It hath no Town of Note but is memorable for the bold passage of the Spaniards under Mondragon cross the Sea in the year 1575. and for that in the year 1520. it was overwhelmed with a deluge of waters Tolen is an Island so called from a Town of that Name divided from Brabrant by a narrow Creek or Arm of the Sea. The more ancient Inhabitants of these Islands were the Mattiaci of Tacitus They contain in all 8 Walled Towns and about 100 Villages The Country is low flat and Marshy rich in Corn and Pasturage unhealthful and subject to Inundations being kept in and defended from the Sea by Banks The Bishoprick or Lordship of Vtretcht Vtricesium Amm. was first occasioned by one Willebrod an English man the Apostle of those parts and first Bishop hereof about the year 611. during the Regency of Pepin the Fat. The Successors of this Willibrod by the Liberality of the French Kings and German Emperors attained unto as well the Temporal as the Spiritual Jurisdiction together with that of Overyssel unto Charles the Fifth by the consent of Henry Count Palatine then Bishop seized upon the whole Temporal Dominion hereof leaving only the Spiritual to the Prelates which also since by the Usurpation of the States hath likewise been taken from them It has a Capital City of the same Name Inhabitd for the most part by the Nobility of the Country first called Inferius Trajectum or Vltrajectum Vtricesium Amm. There is also the Thorow-fare Rhenen the fair and strong Amersfort the Frontier-Town Montfort Wick de Duerstede the Batavodurum of Tac. Ptol. They reckon about Vtrecht 56 Cities to the farthest whereof you may go by Water from Vtrecht in one day Guelders Gueldria Guelders was first founded by two Brothers Wickard and Luppola first made Guardians of the Country by the Inhabitants in the reign of the Emperor Charles the Bald. It was made an Earldom by the Emperor Henry the Third made a Dukedom by the Emperor Lewis of Bavaria After the decease of Charles of Egmond the last Duke by composition between him and Charles the Fifth Emperor this Province with the Earldom of Zutphen united for a long time in the House of the Dukes of Gelderland descended upon the Emperor Charles the Fifth and added by him to his other Provinces of the Netherlands under Philip the Second the greatest part shoke off the Spanish yoak and now with Zutphen Governed in manner of a Free Estate confederated with the rest of the United Provinces a third part of Golderland excepted where stands the Towns of Ruremond Guelders Venlo Watchtendonc Stralo and Grol remaining yet subject to the Arch-Dutchess or Spaniards who in the year 1627. attempted in vain to bring the Rhine to the City of Gueldria and into the Meuse to deprive the Vnited Provinces of the Trade of Germany Nimmegen Noviomagus al. Neomagus the Capital City of the Dutchy of Gueldria Founded by Magus King of the Gauls taken by Prince Maurice in the year 1592. Opposite to it is that Fort Knotsenburg large Built by the States in the Quarter of Batavia where the Ancient Batavians Inhabited Arnheim Arenacum in the Veluwe the third Capital City of Guelders and the Ordinary Residence of the Dukes thereof The Town and Country of Culemberg The strong and Martial Venlo Venloa The Natural and Artificial Fortified Ruremond Ruremunda The strong and encompassed Frontier Bommel Bommelia the Fort Voorn and Crevecour making it Impregnable The Province of Zutphen bears the same Name with the Capital City and passes sometimes for a fourth part of the Dutchy of Gelders having no Voice in the Assembly of the States-General but only conjoyned with this Dutchy In the Siege of which was slain that Honour of Chivalry and Mirrour of Learning Sir Philip Sidney In this Province also stands Groll Grolla and eight or nine small Cities more In Over-Issel Trans Issallania so called from its Situation beyond the Issel where the Rhine and that share their Streams together by means
who has set up a Parliament and built a very strong Cittadel to secure it It is observed of Tournay that it was taken four several times upon St. Andrews day 1. By Henry the VIII King of England 2. By the Emperor Maximilian the First 3. By the Emperor Charles the Fifth 4. By the Duke of Parma Douay Dracum upon the Confines of Artois and Haynault is indifferent strong the Church of Nostredam is about 1200 Years old It is a Staple of Corn and Honoured with an University Courtray Cortracum upon the Lis an Ancient Town and of great Importance by reason of its Situation 't is the best in the County next the Capital places and the Inhabitants are excellent Artists in Diapring Linnen-Cloaths Dunkirk Dunquerea Duinkerk a Town of great Importance by reason of the conveniency of the Port and is one of the most considerable Purchases of the French King taken by the Duke of Orleance 1644. Graveline Gravelinga Grevelinghen not far from it a very considerable and strong Town Furna Furnes the Residence of Lovis the XI during his Retirement with the Duke of Burgundy The Soil is so fertile that the Low-Countries as the Natives say would have produced as much Riches as the Indies had all their Territories been as fruitful as that of Furnes Near Niue or Neoportus was fought that memorable Battel betwixt the Arch-Duke Albert and the States where by the valour of the English and the excellent conduct of those Noble and gallant persons Sir Francis and Sir Horatio Vere the Victory next under God was gained for the States Artois Artesia United to the Crown of France by the Pyraenean Treaty from which it was dismember'd is a Province extraordinary fertile in Corn. Arras Gallis Artrebatum the Origiacum Ptol. Atrecht Belgis the Capital City thereof consists of a High and Low Town both very strong since the last Conquests of the French King the River which belongs to it has been made Navigable for Vessels to go beyond Doway Hesdin Hesdinum is a Regular Hexagon by which the River was Navigable as far as Montrevil Bapaume Bapalma is a place that cannot well be Besieged because there is no Water in all the Neighbourhood Lins is famous for the Victory of the French in the year 1648. where the Prince of Ligne and the Marquis of Grana were taken with 20 Captains 6000 and 200 common Soldiers 40 Great Guns and 90 Insigns Bethune makes excellent good Cheese And Terroane Tervanna Terwin is known by its Ruins St. Omers Audomaropolis Fannum S. Aadomari is a strong City surrounded with Marshes wherein there are Floating Islands Haynault Hannona by the Dutch Henegow according to the Report of the Inhabitants and the Records of the Province acknowledgeth only God and the Sun for their Supreme Lords however it has now two other Lords the French King and the King of Spain Mons Montes by the Dutch Bergben the Capital City Fortified with three Moats is Governed by a Soveraign Council Independent from the Parliament of Malines It has also Canonesses that prove their Nobility for 300 Races and are permitted to Marry Near Mons the valiant Earl of Ossory did wonders and so desperately engaged the French that the Duke of Luxemburg was never so roughly handled This County of Hainault contains four Principalities Barbancon Chimai Conde and Ligne 3 Marquisates Aisaux Terlon Vergnies and 15 Counts The Estate is ancient being sometimes a part of the great Earldom of Ardenne from which it was divided and made a distinct Earldom by Alberick Sirnamed the Orpheline one of the youngest Sons of Brunulph Count of Ardenne slain by Dagobert a French King who had this part with title of Earl given him by Sigebert King of Austrasia to be held under the Soveraignty of the French Kings After long continuance and often changes it was by Jaqueline the last Princess wanting Heirs surrendered together with Holland Zealand and West-Friesland united in Families unto Philip the Good Duke of Burgundy her next Kinsman In whose House the right but the possession in the French King now remaineth at least the greatest part Valentiennes Valentiana is a great fair and well fortified place taken by the French 1677. lying upon the Scheld Quercetum Quesnoy Landdecium Landrecy Avenna Avesnes Philippevilla Philipville and Marienburgh Mariaburgum are strong places all in the French Kings Power as also Aeth Athum a considerable Town together with Binch Binchium Marimont not far from it was one of the fairest Houses in all the Country Mary Queen of Hungary having omitted nothing that might adorn the Structure The Battel of Senef 1674. was one of the most remarkable Exploits of that exquisite General the Prince of Conde Luxemburgensis Ducatus The Dutchy of Luxemburg Luceburgum so called from the Image of the Sun there worshipped It is a strong place of Defence but surrendred to the French 1684. It was sometimes a part of the Principality of Aâ—â—enne By â—â—e Emperor Charles the Fourth made a Dukedom in the person of his brother Wenceslaus By Elizabeth the last Princess wanting Heirs it was sold to Philip the Good Duke of Burgoign Has a City that bears the same Name Thionville Theodonis Villa Lewis the 14th of France was not much advanced in the fifth year of his Age ere he began to triumph over his Enemies at the memorable Battel of Rocroy 1643. and the gaining of Thionville by the Conduct of the Duke D'Anguien Montmedi Mons Medius Danvilliers Damuillâ—rium belong to the French King And Yuoix Yuodium by the French Carigan There are some Lands in the Forest of Arden that belong to the Bishop of Liege that is to say Bovilion Bullionium with the Title of a Dutchy and a strong Castle upon the Rock or high Hill whereof was named that famous Godfry of Builâ—on Duke of Lorrain and the first of the Latins King of Jerusalem St. Hubert to whom the Huntsmen make particular Devotions And Rochefort that beheld the French Victors over the Spaniards at the Battel of Avin in the year 1635. Brabant Brabantia in the middle of the Low-Countries has four Capital Cities of as many Countries Brussels Lovaine Breda and Boisleduc Brussels Bruxella is a City very well Peopled the Seat of the Governour in whose Palace is room enough to lodg several Kings The Channel that runs to Antwerp is one of the greatest Undertakings in the Low-Countries wherein there are prodigious Sluices for the Making whereof Sums of Money no less prodigious were expended The Church of St. Gudula is one of the fairest in all the Country The Neighbourhood of the Forest of Sognies lies very convenient for Hunting Lovaine Lovanium which some affirm to be the Capital City of Brabant is one of the biggest Cities of Europe with a famous University which gives the Natives occasion to call it a City of Scholars Brussels a City of Curtesans Antwerp a City of Merchants and Malines a City of Advocates by reason of its Parliament Tillemont was taken
the County of Rousillon on the Coast of Spain being now under the French King's Conquests but for Method and Order-sake I shall refer them to their proper place The chief Islands of France are 1. Strong Bell-Isle Venetica San. Calosus 2. Salt Nermoustier 3. Ree the Out-work to Rochel fatal to the English 1627. 4. Oleron Vliaras where Richard the III. gave those Laws as Lord of the Sea known to the World by the Title of The Laws of Oleron 5. The Tower d'Cardovan in the Mouth of the Garonne 6. The Isle Ouessant Vxantus by the English over against the Lizard In the Mediterranean lye the Isles de Ere 's the Staechades of Ptol. Of Spain A New Map of HISPANIA and PORTUGALLIA By Robt. Morden SPAIN by the Greeks first called Iberia not from Iberus the most famous River in that Kingdom nor from Iberi a people of Asia Quid igitur inquit Bochartus Ehraeis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Eber Chaldaeis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ebra vel ibra est transitus quicquid est ulterius Inde plurale ebrin vel ebrin terminus fines significat Merito igitur Iberi dicii qui ex Phoenicium sententiâ terrarum fines ultimos habitarunt It was also called Hisperia either from Hesperus a King thereof or rather as being the furthest Country Westward So also by the Greeks and Romans it was called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from Pan the companion of Bacchus By the Phoenicians Spania or Sphania a Country of Rabbets or Conics lastly by the Moors Mus-Arabia Conjointly with Portugal it makes a great Peninsula being encompassed with the Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea only towards the North-East for 240 miles it is firmly tack'd to the Continent by the Pyrenean Hills It is situate in the most Western part of all Europe in the most Southernly part of the Northern Temperate Zone and the longest Summers day is about 15 hours As for the Dimensions it is said to be in length from Porto on the Mouth of the River Duero to Cape Creus in Catalonia 600 Geometrical Miles And from Cape Gibralter to Cape Penas in the Bay of Bisca for the breadth is 480 miles By Cluver 760 miles in length and 600 in breadth Heylin who follows Josephus saith this Kingdom was first Inhabited by the Progeny of Tubal the Son of Japhet being the Descendants of the Iberii who came in under Panus Cluver saith that the Celtae a great and Potent Nation descended from Aschenaz were the first that did people Spain and caused the whole Country to be called Celtiberia The next Forreigners that came into Spain were the Phoenicians Sailing from Tyrus as Diodorus and Strabo relate it Then the Greeks or Rhodians afterwards the Carthagenians did overrun a great part of it under the conduct of Amilcor Asdrubal and Annibal even from the Western Ocean to the Pyrenes destroyed Saguntum now Morvedre built new Carthage and had not Annibals ill Fate hurried him for Italy the whole Country had been subdu'd to the State of Carthage But the Carthagenians being overcome by the Romans in the second Punick War it fell under the Dominions of the Romans by whom it was divided into three Provinces Boetica Lusitanica and Terraconensis Baetica was bounded on the North and West by the River Ana now Guadiana on the South by the Mediterranean Sea as far as Almeria on the East it was separated from Terragon by a straight line from Almeria to Cuidad Real and contained the Kingdoms of Granata Andaluzia part of New Castile and Estremadura and was inhabited by the Turduli Eastward and by the Celtici towards the West Lusitania was bounded on the North by the River Durius now Duero on the West by the Ocean on the South by the River Guadiana on the East by a line drawn from Cuidal Real to Samora a Town seated on the River Duero and contains almost all Portugal part of Old and part of New Castile The rest of Spain went to the making up of the Province of Terragon The Romans also divided Spain into two parts the one Citerior the other Vlterior the first comprehended the Province of Terragon the latter did comprise Baetica and Lusitania and so remained until the time of Honorius the Emperor when Gundericus King of the Vandals made an Eruption out of Germany and over-ran it about the year of our Lord 400. The Vandals were not well setled in their New Conquest when the Goths seized on this Country forcing the Vandals into Baetica and after into Africa and so made the Conquest absolute The Sarracens and Moors invaded it in the year 720 under the Conduct of of Musa and Tariff who were invited in by Julian who was sent on an Embassie to the Moors of Africa by Roderick the Gothish King but in the mean time deflowred his Daughter Cava which the Father took in such indignation that he procured the Moors to come into Spain who after a Battel that lasted seven days in which Roderick had 130000 Foot and 35000 Horse and Tariffe had 30000 Horse and 180000 Foot the Moors were Victorious and having harassed the whole Country Founded several Kingdoms therein but the Moors not long enjoyed the sole Sovereignty therein for the Goths having recovered themselves the Moors by little and little were brought under Heylin tells us that at last Spain fell into a 12-partite division viz. Leon and Oviedo Navarre Corduba Gallicia Bisca Tolledo Murcia Castile Portugal Valentia Catelogue and Arragon But I chose rather to follow Clever Mercator Sanson who all agree that at last Spain fell under the Command of several more powerful Princes and was parted into 15 grand Divisions most of which carried the Title of Kingdoms five lie upon the Ocean Biscaia Astruria Galicia Portugal and Andalusia five upon the Mediterranean Grenada Murcia Valentia Catalonia and the Islands of Majorca Minorca and Yuica and five Midland viz. Arragon Navarr the two Castiles and Leon. Afterwards the whole Country was reduced under the Power of the Kings of Castile Arragon and Portugal and under these three Titles it is that the King of Spain at present possesseth his large Dominions which he Governs by Eight Vice-Royes But in the year 1640. the Duke of Braganza was proclaim'd King of Portugal and ever since it continues Independent The People of Spain are of a swarthy Complexion black Hair and of good Proportion stately in all their Actions of a Majestical Gate and Deportment grave and serious in their Carriages in Offices of Piety very devout not to say superstitious obedient and faithful to their King patient in Adversities not prone to alter their resolutions in War too deliberate Arts they esteem dishonourable much addicted to Women and naturally proud Their Women sober discreet indifferent handsome clear complexioned loving to their Husbands and Friends yet by them so narrowly watched and overlooked that 't is hardly possible for them to have conference with any other man. In matters of Religion they are Roman
possessed of A Country very fertile in Corn Cattel Wine and Fruits Hemp and Flax compared with Savoy and Switzerland but inferior to the rest of Italy to which it did belong It contains 15 Marquisates 52 Earldoms 160 Castles or Walled places Divided into these parts viz. Ducatus Augustanus le Duche de Aouste Marchionatus Segusinus le Marquisate de Suse Marchionatus Eporediae le Marquisat d' Juree Marchionatus Salutiarum le Marquisat de Salusse Marchionatus Cevae le Marquisat de Ceva Comitatus Astensis le Comte d' Aste Dominium Vercellense la Seigneurie de Verceil To which is added Canavensis Tractus la Canavese The Principal Town whereof is Turin Augusta Taurinorum Polib Plin. Ptol. Taurasia App. Liv. the Court and Palace of the Duke of Savoy situate on the River Po a place very important for the Guard of Italy and Fortified with a strong Cittadâ—l adjoymâ—â— to it is a Park of the Duke's six miles in Circuit full of Woâ—â—â— Laâ—es and Pleasant Fountains which makes it one of the sweetest Situations in Europe The See of an Arch-Bishop and an University where Eresmus took his Degree Vercelli Vercellae Plin. Ptol. Verceil Gallis a strong Town bordering upon Milain and by the Pyrenean Treaty restored to the Duke of Savoy Nice or Nizze Nicaea Strab. Liv. Vrbs Vediantiorum built out of the Ruins of Cemeneleum Ptol. Cemelion Plin. Cemela Not. Six miles Northwards Seated at the Influx of the River Varus near the Sea beautified with a Cathedral Church the Bishops Palace a Monastery of Nuns and an Impregnable Cittadel famous for the resistance of a Navy of 200 Sail under the Turkish Admiral Barbarosa Anno 1543. Given by Joanna Ludovico II. to the Duke of Savoy 1365. The Country is called Nicaeensis Comitatus la Contado di Nizza Incolis Ie Comte de Nice Gallis And is famous for the Astronomer Hipparchus and the Poet Parthenius Near which is the Harbor Villa Franca where the Dukes Gallies do ride Jurea or Hiurea is the Eporedia of Ptol. Eporredia Plin. Eporadia Strab. Eporadir Ant. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sheld a Bishops Sea and gives Title to the Marquisate del Juree Coni Cuneuâ—â— taken by the French 1641. now it belongs to the Duke of Savoy a strong Walled Town Suse Segusium Ptol. Segusio Plin. Ant. is the chief place of the Segusinus Marchionatus Ceva the Ceba Caseum Cebanum Plin. and gives name to a Marquisate Aouste Aosta Augst Germ. Avost Aoste Gallis is the Augusta Praetoria Plin. Ptol. and the chief of Augusta Ducatus anciently a Roman Colony and now for greatness and beauty of her Buildings may compare with the most stately Cities of Lombardy Saluzzo Italis Salutiae Salinae Augusta Vagiennorum of the Ancients Saluce Gallis is the chief place Marchesato di Saluzzo Carmaniola now Carmagnola is seated two miles from the Po River and nine from the Tenarus Quieras is the Cherasceo or Cuirasco Carrea Plin. Clarascum Chierasco is Famous for the Peace made Anno 1631. The Principality of Masseran is under the Government of its own Prince e gente Ferrera Flisca who is a Dependant on the Pope Pignarol Pinaroliam Pinarolo Ital. Fortified with a Castle of great Importance Sold by Charles Emanuel to Lewis the Thirteenth of France Anno 1631. a Commodious Pass from France to Italy on all occasions Of Montferat or Montis Ferrati Ducatus Monferrato Italis Monferrat Gallis THE Estate or Country of Montferat doth in part belong to the Duke of Mantua and the rest to the Duke of Savoy a Mountainous Country but of a fertil Soil The River Tenarus parts the Possessions of Mantua from that of Savoy Chief places belonging to the Duke of Mantua are the Impregnable Fortified Casale or Casal upon the Po Bodincomagum Bodincomagus of Plin. Ptol. Anno 1640. the French beat the Spaniards off from the Siege of Casal and in their Camp took 60000 Duckets and a Chariot that cost 8000 Duckets It is Fortified with a Castle and strong Cittadel the surest Key to the Estate of the Duke of Mantua and indeed to all Italy Alba Alba Pompeia where Pertinax the Roman Emperor was born but Barbarously murthered by the Pretorian Soldiers now belongs to the Duke of Savoy since the Peace of Quieras or Pace Clarasci Trin Gallis Trino Italis Tridinum Tridinium Veteri a Walled Town restored to the Duke of Mantua by the Peace aforesaid Acqui Aquae Statellae Strab. Aquae Statyella Plin. belonging to the Duke of Mantua Chief Rivers are the Great and Little Doire The Stura and the Denarus and the Bormio Of the State of Genoua Res-publica Genuensis il Genovesato seu Riviera di Genoua ONce very large at present containing only the Ancient Liguria in the Continent the Isle Corsica and Capraria The old Ligurians were a stout and warlike Nation vanquished by the Romans and made one of the 11 Regions of Italy in Augustus Caesar's Division and one of the 17 in the time of Constantine the Emperor A Country very Mountainous in the Land and full of craggy Rocks to the Sea but among those Hills are Rich Valleys abounding in Citrons Limons Oranges and Vines which produceth excellent Wines 'T is in length about 150 Miles in breadth not one fourth part so much tho some pretenders to Geography tell us 't is 800 in length and not so much in breadth The chief City whereof is called Genoua of old Genua first built by Janus the first King of Italy but miserably destroyed by Mago the Brother of Hannibal built again by the Senate of Rome but again ruined by the Lombards and re-edified by Charles the Great situate on the Shore of the Ligurian Sea full of stately Palaces richly adorned within and without to which are joyned pleasant and delightful Gardens It s Strada Nuova or Newstreet being a long and spacious Street on each side embellished with stately Palaces for the most part all supported with vast Pillars of Marble not to be parrallel'd in the World Among which is the Jesuits Colledg and magnificent Church but inferior to a new Church over one of whose Altars to omit other Ornaments of an excessive Value are placed four Pillars of wreathed Aggat of an incredible Greatness The Palace of the Doria with its famous Bird-Cage To which we may add its new Mould built even in the Sea which make the Port encompassed with fair Buildings in form of a Theatre twice as large and much safer than before opposite to which on a Pharos is a Lanthorn of great bigness to give light to Sea-men in the Night This City is in Circuit about 8 Miles fortified towards the Sea by Art towards the Land by Art and Nature Now Genoua la Superba The Inhabitants are addicted to Trade and Usury The Women are allowed the Liberty of the Streets Other places of Note are Sarzana or Serezana a strong Fortress within the Confines of Tuscany Principatus Monoeci
Monaco Incolis Mourgues Gallis Hercules Monoeci Portus of old is a small but a strong Town seated upon a Rock under its own Prince Gente Grimaldi An. 1641. It received the French Protection Finale is the Polliopice of Ant. teste Siml Oneglia is a Principality under the Duke of Savoy teste Baud. Savona Savo Liv. famous for the Interview of Ferdinand of Spain and Lewis the 12th of France as also for yeilding three Popes to the Church of Rome Vintimiglia Abiniminium Ptol. Albintimilium Tac. Albintemelium Cic. Vintimilium Var. and Albenga Albingaunum Plin. Albigaunum Ptol. both well fortified As for their Government the principal of their Magistrates hath the Name of Duke to whom there are assistant 8 Principal Officers which with the Duke are called the Signeury which is also in matters of greatest concern subordinate to the General Council consisting of 400 Persons all Gentlemen of the City who with the Signeury constitute the whole Body of the Commonwealth Their Forces have been 10000 ready to Arm at any time and 25 Gallies always ready in the publick Arsenal 4 Gallies at Sea to secure their Trade They are now under the Shelter and Protection of the Spaniards Of the Dutchy of Milan Ducatus Mediolanensis Stato de Milano WHose Ancient Inhabitants were the Insubres but is now under the Obedience of the King of Spain seated in the best part of Lombardy rich in Natures gifts and for its wonderful Fertility esteemed the Flower in the Garden of Italy and the Noblest Dutchy in Christendom the ways are there very pleasant set out almost as strait as a Line with channels of running Water and rows of Trees on both sides the most desirable Place to live in that can be seen if the Government were not so excessive severe that there is nothing but Poverty over all this rich Country It s chief City is Milan Mediolanum Strab. Plin. Milatio Ital. Mâ—yland Germ. which tho so often ruined and its Foundations sown with Salt having been Besieged 40 and taken 22 times yet it exalts it self as the fairest and greatest City of all Lombardy seated in a wide Plain environed with several Rivers strongly guarded with a spacious and almost impregnable Castle besides its other Fortifications the Buildings fair and stately three especially very Magnificent its Castle or Cittadel Hospital or Lazarette its Cathedral or Dome here are 36 Monasteries of Nuns 30 Convents of Friers 96 Parochial 11 Collegiat Churches most of which are stately Structures beautified with curious Paintings Images and Sepulchres In the Cabinet of the Chanoine Setalla are â—are Curiosities both of Art and Nature The whole City is about 10 Miles in compass exceeding Populous containing 300000 Inhabitants very Rich having many Families of Nobility and Gentry of great Commerce by reason of its Merchants Shopkeepers and Artificers and a general Staple for all Merchandizes from France Spain and other Parts of Italy and Germany Other Places in Milan are 1 Pavia Papia seu Ticinum made an University by Charles the 4th guarded with a Castle and adorned with the richest Cathedral in Europe worth 300000 Crowns per Annum famous for the Battel in which Francis the first King of France was taken Prisoner by Charles the 5th 2. Alexandria or Alessandria now the strongest Work of the whole Dutchy well fortified against the Assaults and Batteries of the French. 3. Cremena seated on the Banks of the Poe a Place of good Trade its Houses stately its Streets large beautified with curious Gardens famous for its high Tower and Cathedral Church Here Vitellius Soldiers were defeated by the Forces of Vespasian and the Town fired by them Lodi is the Laus Pompeja of the Ancients a Frontier Town but a miserable Garison 20 Miles from Milan in the Venetian Territory Tortona is the Dertona Ptol. Plin. Derton Steph. Derthon or Darthon Strab. taken by the French 1642. after delivered to the Spaniards Novara Crema Mortara are also considerable Her Lakes are Lago Magiore Varbanus Lacus of Strab. in length 300 Stadia 56 Miles and 6 broad with her two Borremean Islands the loveliest Spots of Ground in the World. 2. Lago Del Coma. 3. Lugani Lacus or Lago di Lugano Its Rivers are Ollius now Oglio River Abdua now Adde River Lambrus fl hodie Lambro River Ticinus fl now Tesine River which runs with such a force that in 3 hours with one Rower Dr. Burnet was carried 30 Miles Sencia fl or Scesia River 4. Coma or Comum where the Plinies were born on the South of the Lago de Coma aforesaid a Lake 48 Miles in length Laricus Lacus Strab. Plin. Of Modena THE Dukedom of Modena Ducatus Mutinensis Stato del Duca di Modena contains the Cities of Modena and Reggio with the Territories adjoining to them Modena the Capital City anciently better known by the name of Mutina famous for the first Battel between Antony and Augustus Caesar Now the Residence of their Duke whose Palace tho not outwardly Great yet is richly adorned within whose Cabinet or Museum is well furnished with choice of natural Rarities Jewels c. Brissello Brixellum Plin. Ptol. famous for the Death of Otho the Roman Emperor who here Slew himself because his Army was unfortunately Vanquished by Vitellius Reggio Regium Lepedi a Place that has occasioned great Stirs between the Popes and the old Dukes of Ferrara Here are many Sculptors both for Ivory and Wood. Of Parma THe Dukedom of Parma Ducatus Parmensis or il Ducato di Parma is much of the same Nature for Soyl and Air as Modena It s chief City Parma is seated in a Fruitful Plain 5 Miles distant from the Appennine about 4 Miles in compass adorned with many rich and stately Structures very Populous and well inhabited by Gentry who are much addicted to Learning Arts and Arms the grounds about this City are of excellent Pastorage which feed abundance of Sheep Here is made the curious Parmasan Cheese so much esteemed throughout all Europe The Duke hath here his Palace a place of great Delight and State its Churches are beautiful and rarely Embellished with Pictures and Images 2. Piacenza or Placentia famous for the Resistance which it made both to Hannibal and Asdrubal now renowned for its Fairs quarterly kept which all Italy Germany and other Countries do frequent and here make their Exchanges The River Trebia was witness to the overthrow or the Romans by Hannibal Of the Dutchy of Mantua THe Dukedom of Mantua Ducatus Mantuanus Ducato di Mantoua Italis is a Country plentiful in Corn Pasture Wines and all sort of Fruit Mantoua the chief City is seated in a Lake 20 Miles in compass by Nature very strong and well fortified having no entrance but over Cawsies The Dukes Palace is fair and stately and the best furnished in all Italy except his Palace at Mirmirolla 5 Miles from the City which for the Pleasures and Delights thereof and for its rich Furniture and beautiful Gardens may acceptably
entertain the best Prince in Christendom Mantoua is of great Antiquity Schottus saith 't is 4 Miles in compass hath 8 Gates and about 50000 Souls It was miserably attacked by the Germans 1619. and by the Emperor Ferdinand 2d's Army in the year 1630. The Dukes yearly Revenue is said to be 400000 Crowns yet the present Duke is very poor being indebted to the Venetians as Leti saith four Millions of Crowns There are besides four or five small Princes but Soveraign Lords viz. Novellara Guastella Bozolo Sabionetta whose male-line is failed Castiglione and Solfare As also of the Estate of the Dutchy of Montferrat which doth in part belong to the Duke of Mantua the other part to the Duke of Savoy as aforesaid Of the States of Venice THE Demeasnes of the Venetians are very full of Rivers Lakes and Channels 't is a Republique of above 1200 years standing and the Bulwark of Christendom against the Turks The chief City is Venice or Venetia Seated at the bottom of the Adriatick Sea or Gulf of Venice built on 72 Islands distant from the main Land about five miles and defended from the fury of the Sea by a Bank of some say 60 others 35 miles in length open in seven places which serve for passages for Boats or Gondola's of which there are 1300 but for Ships or Vessels of great burden the only passage is at Malamocco and Castle Lido which are strongly fortified it is about eight miles in compass having about 4000 Bridges of which that of the Rialto is the chief built over the Grand Canal The Lagunes or Shallows of Venice sink of late so much that the preserving it still an Island is like to become as great a charge to the Venetians as the keeping out of the Sea is to the Dutch. It s Arsenal is the most beautiful the biggest and the best furnished in all Europe being about two miles in Circuit where they always keep 200 Gallies with all Materials for War. It s Magazine of all sorts of Engines and Arms for Sea and Land among which are 1000 Coats of Plates garnished with Gold and covered with Velvet But above all its Church of St. Mark Reported to be the fairest and richest in all the World a Church of Admirable Mosaick Work with Pillars of Marble Porphyry c. and for the inside the Riches of it are so great the Images Tombs c. so glorious the Altars so adorned with Gold Silver Pearls and Precious Stones that all the Treasury of the State may seem to be amassed in the Decking of it In this City are 200 particular Palaces built of Marble adorned with Columns Statues Pictures c. of great Value of such Grandeur as that they are fit to Lodg and give Entertainment to any Prince 17 Rich Hospitals 56 Tribunals or Courts of Justice 67 Parish-Churches 26 Monasteries of Nuns 54 Convents of Friers 18 Chappels 6 Free Schools and its Piazza's sumptuously adorned with Statues Paintings c. As for the Religion of this State though they Tolerate that of the Greek Church they profess that of the Church of Rome but with Caution and Respect to their own Authority Of their Forces some estimate may be made by the Arms they brought against Lewis the XII where they had 2000 Men of Arms 3000 Light Horse and 30000 Foot most of their own Subjects without any Detachments from their Forts or Garisons And a signal Evidence of their Power at Sea was their great Fleet set out against the Grand Signior for the War of Cyprus Anno 1570. in which they Manned out one great Gallion 11 great Gallies 25 tall Ships and 150 Gallies of lesser size To sum up all they once held a War for seven years together against all the Princes of Europe except England in all which time they neither wanted Men nor Money We may conclude therefore That as Europe is the Head of the World and Italy the Face of Europe so Venice is the Eye of Italy the fairest strongest and most Active part in that Powerful Body The Annual Revenues of this Republick according to Mr. Rays information was about five Millions and 300 and 20000 Venetian Duckets yearly Other Cities with their Territories belonging to the State of Venice are the pleasant Vicenza or Vicentia the Healthy Populous and Fruitful Brescia Brixia The strong Fortresses Crema six miles of which is the famous Cave of Custoza 4000 Foot long and 3000 broad and three miles in Circuit with its stately Temple Sancta Maria della Cruce and Bergamo The pleasant Physick-University Padoua Padua the Patavium of the Ancients built by Antenor and is famous for the Birth of Livy Zabarel and Maginus noted for the Civility of the Men and Chastity of the Women with its Garden of Simples Tarvisium Trevigi with its excellent Wheat Verona with its Hill Baldus Famous for Medicinal Herbs The Territory of Friuli where is the well fortified Palma Feltre and Belluno The Territory of Istria Istrie Gall. Hystereich Germ. where is Triest or Tergestum Petana now Pedena belonging to the Emperor Citta Nova or Aemonia Parenzo Parentum and Pola Rovigo once belonging to the Dukedom of Ferrara with Chioggia the Bulwark of Venice Besides all these the State of Venice commands a great part of Dalmatia with the Islands Corfu Cephalonia Ithaca Zant Cithera and others The Isle of St. Maure and the strong Prevesa were in the year 1685. conquered from the Turks The Bishoprick of Trent which belongs to its proper Bishop is in the Protection of the House of Austria It s chief City of the same Name is Inhabited by Italians and Germans and is Famous for the Council held there But of this we have Treated of more at large in the Description of Tirol in Germany Of the Estates of the Church or Pope THE Second part of Italy according to our Method contains the Estates of the Church of Tuscany and Lucca The Territories of the Church are the more considerable because the Pope to whom they belong is a Spiritual as well as a Temporal Prince Chief and Sovereign Pontifex as he styles himself of all Christendom Patriarch of Rome and of the West Primate and Hexarch of Italy Metropolitan of the Suffragan-Bishops of Rome and Bishop of St. John Lateran The chief City is Rome formerly the Capital City of the most considerable Empire in the World Mistress of the fairest part of the Universe Famous for her great Men that excelled in Valour Justice and Temperance The Seat of Kings Consuls and Emperors said to have been 50 miles in compass and her Walls Fortified with 750 Towers But now not having the Moiety of its former pristine splendor and Magnitude scarce containing 11 miles in circuit yet few Cities can compare with her if we consider her Antiquity her Churches her Palaces and other Curiosities Here was the Capitol saved from the Fury of the Gauls by the Cackling of Geese It was twice burnt once in the Civil Wars of Marius
3 Staxes is a Sack 8 Sacks or 24 Stars is Moggio A Stax if the Corn be good will weigh 50 l. English 3 Sacks and three quarters makes the English Quarter 63 Mina's at Genoua makes 100 Sacks at Legorn and 12 Mina's makes a Tun of 40 Bushels Winchester Measure Wine is sold by the Coyno which is 10 Barrels one Barrel is 20 Flask and 2 Mettidals is a Flask Oyl is sold by the Oxcio or Barrel and should weigh 85 l. and hold 32 Mittidals Coxal and Colchester Bayes are sold by the Cayne in Livres Serges and Perpetuanoes Sayes c. are sold by the piece for Dollars Of Lions LIons is Seated upon the Conflux of the Rosne and Soane is Famous for its Trade of Silks and for Exchanges Their Coins currant and Accompts keeping are the same with Paris For Weights I find three sorts viz. The Kings weight the Towns weight and the Silk weight The Town-weight is 100 l. of 16 Ounces which maketh at London 96 l. The Measure is the Alne 7 whereof makes in London 9 Yards so that 't is about a Yard and quarter at London Of Lisbon COmmodities are Honey Wine Oyl Fruits Fish Salt white Marble Allom and besides Drugs Spices Cottons Callicoes Precious Stones Silks and other East-India Persia Arabia and China Commodities Coins are a Vintin which is 20 Res or 3 d. Sterl A Rial which is 40 Res or two Vintins 6 d. Sterl A Teston is 100 Res. 400 Res is an Old Crusadoe or Crown 500 Res is a New Crusadoe or Crown 600 Res is a Piece of Eight 1000 Res is a Mil Rea. Weights are 16 Ounces to a Pound 32 Pound is a Roue 4 Roues is a Kintal 54 Roues is a Tun. This weight is 2½ or 3 per Cent. greater than the English The Quintal which is of two sorts the Greater Quintal whereby they weigh Sugars and all Spices except Pepper and Cinnamon is divided into four Roues each Roue being 32 l. which is 128 l. at 16 Ounces to the Pound and is bigger than the English hundred by 16 l. Pepper is sold by the Quintal of 121 l. which is just our Hundred and Cinnamon by the Quintal of 128 l. English Measures are of two sorts the one is the Vare for Linnen Silk or Stuffs and in measuring to every Vare is given an Inch so that the Vare is 42 Inches and three quarters which is almost an Ell English The other called the Coveda maketh three quarters of a Yard English and to this there is no Advantage given Measure for Corn is the Alquier three of which makes a Bushel of Winchester Measure and 5 of the Alquiers makes the Hanaque 15 Alquiers makes a Tun of Bristol Water-measure 60 Alquiers makes a Moy of Salt. 100 Moys of Salt is 33 Weys English 3 Alquiers makes a Bushel 13 Chants makes an Allmuden and 52 Allmudens is a Tun of Wine Of London WHEN Julius Caesar first entred this Island certain Iron Rings were currant instead of Money afterwards the Romans brought in the Use of Gold Silver and Brass Coins In the time of Richard the First pure Money was Coined in the East of Germany whereof some of those Easterlings were sent over for and employed in his Mint from thence our Money was called Easterling or Sterling Money as some think but others say of the Saxon word Ster weighty The Coins here and throughout all England as well Gold as Silver are several and of a different value but all reduced to Pounds Shillings and Pence all Coined of Gold and Silver only in relation to the Necessity of the Poor and Exchange of great Money a small piece of Brass called a Farthing or fourth part of a Peny hath been permitted to be Coined but no Man enforced to receive it in pay for Rent or Debt which cannot be said of any other State or Nation in the World besides Four Farthings makes a Peny 12 Pence a Shilling and 20 Shillings a Pound Sterling No Monies in any Mint are made of pure Gold and Silver because they are too flexible and therefore Allayed with Copper The Standard of Crown Gold is 22 Carrats of fine Gold and two Carrats of Allay in the Pound-weight Troy which is divided into 44 parts and a half each part is to pass for 20 s. and the half part for 10 which is 44 l. 10 s. the Pound Troy. The Allay of some Gold Coins is all Silver as the Guinea Gold which renders the Gold Coins some more white some more yellow The Standard of Sterling Silver is 11 Ounces and 2 peny-weight of fine Silver and 18 peny-weight of Allay of Copper out of the fire so that 12 Ounces of pure Silver without any Allay is worth 3 l. 4 s. 6 d. and an Ounce is worth 5 s. 4 d. half-peny but with Allay it is worth but 3 l. and the Ounce 5 s. Of Weights there are two sorts used throughout all England viz. Troy Weight and Avoirdupoise Weight The Monyers Divide the Pound Troy into 12 Ounces The Ounce into 20 Penny weight Penny weight into 24 Grains Grain into 20 Mites Mite into 24 Droites Droite into 20 Perits Perit into 24 Blanks 'T is also divided into 24 parts which are called Carrats so that each Carrat is 10 penny weight Troy or half an Ounce And this Carrat is divided into four parts which are called Carrat-grains so that the Carrat-grain is two peny weight and a half or 60 Ordinary Grains so there are 480 Grains in the Ounce and 5760 Grains in the Pound By this weight are weighed Pearls Precious Stones Gold Silver Bread and all manner of Corn and Grain and this weight the Apothecaries do or ought to use though by other Denominations their least weight is a Graln 20 Grains makes a Scruple ℈ 3 Scruples makes a Dram ʒ 8 Drams makes an Ounce ℥ 12 Ounces makes a Pound £ Avoirdupoise Weight is reduced into several Denominations viz. Tuns Hundreds Quarters Pounds and Ounces so that 16 Ounces makes a Pound 28 Pound makes a Quarter 4 Quarters makes a Hundred or 112 l. 20 Hundred makes a Tun. By this weight are weighed all Grocers Ware Flesh Butter Cheese Iron Hemp Flax Lead Steel also all things whereof comes waste All Measures in England are either Applicative or Receptive The smallest Applicative Measure is a Barley-Corn whereof 3 In Length makes an Inch. 12 Inches makes a Foot. 3 Foot makes a Yard 1 Yard and a quarter makes an Ell. 1 Foot and half makes a Cubit 2 Cubits makes a Yard 5 Foot makes a Geometrical Pace 6 Foot makes a Fathom 16 Foot and a half makes a Perch Pole or Rod. 14 Perch makes a Furlong 8 Furl or 320 Perches makes a Mile English So that a Mile according to the Statute of Henry the Seventh ought to be 63360 Inches 1760 Yards 1056 Paces 320 Pole or 5280 Foot that is 280 Foot more than the Italian Mile 60 Miles more exactly 69 and a half makes
Martial and Arbitrary in the highest degree wherefore it is not strange if their Laws are Severe their Justice Rigor their Government Tyranny That their Emperor should be absolute uncontroulable whose Speeches may be irrational and yet Laws whose Actions irregular and yet examples whose Sentences and Judgments though corrupt and inconsiderate yet are irresistable Decrees So that when one reflects on the small reward for Virtue and no punishment for thriving Vice how Men are raised by Flattery Chance and the sole Favour of the Prince to the weightiest and and most honorable Charges of the Empire without any previous deserts or experience of Parts or Abilities When one considers that one Frown of their Prince cuts them off that their Treasure is their snare and their Riches will inevitably effect their Ruin though they have all the Arguments of Faithfulness and Honesty one might admire the long contiuuauce of this vast Empire and wonder at the increase of its Dominions But that which cements all Breaches and cures the greatest Disorders is the quickness and severity of their Justice which makes every Crime relating to Government equal and punishes it with the last and extreamest punishment Death And to die by the Hand or Command of the Grand Signior with an entire Resignation is accounted the highest point of Matyrdom the greatest reward of Faithfulness and the consummation of all honour Otherwise this great Body would burst with the Poyson of its own ill Humors and spread into ruinous Divisions The Youths that are designed for the great Offices of the Empire are called by the Turks Ichoglans which are of Christian Parents taken in the War or presented from remote Parts so that they have no other Relations nor Dependences no other interest to serve besides that of their Great Master to whom they are taught by Education and compell'd by necessity to be faithful And indeed they are the best adopted Instruments for such a Tyrannick Prince whom he can raise without envy and destroy without danger Their chiefest studies and learning is in Reading and Writing being instructed in the Arabian Tongue wherein the secrets and treasure of their Religon and Laws are contained especially the Alcoran The more Polite and Ingenious learn the Persian Tongue which fits them with Eloquence corrects the grossness and inriches the barrenness of the Turkish Language They have some Books of Poetry written both in Persian and Arabick but as for Logick Physick Metaphysick and Mathematicks they are wholly ignorant of them Some certain Rules of Astrology they have with which they busie themselves in Prophesies of future Contingences in the Affairs of the Empire As for Geography the wisest or greatest amongst them have not the least inspection into it nor durst their Seamen heretofore venture beyond sight of Land having little knowledge of the Art of Navigation until some improvement which of late they have made therein As for History or Chronology they understand so little that the most Learned affirm Job to be a Judge in Solomon's Court and that Alexander the Great was General of his Armies The Visier Azem or Prime Visier whose great Office of Charge and Trust as it is the highest so it is the nearest to Jove's Thunderbolt and most exposed to Envy and Destruction It being the Policy of the great Princes of the East to constitute one on whom all the blame of miscarriages in Government might be thrown whilst they with the more freedom enjoy their Softness and Luxury This great Minister as he is the Representative of the Grand Signior because to him all the power of the Sultan is immediately devolved so he is the Head or Mouth of the Law and to him are all Appeals made and his State and Greatness lives in the Honour of him whom he represents and his power in respect of his Inferiors is as ample as his Masters who gives it him Next to this Visier Azem are the several Beglerbegs which are so many general Governments upon which depend several Sangiacks or Provinces there being in Turkie about 30 Beglerbegs whereof 22 are Ha's that is such as have their Revenue allotted them in the places that they govern collected by their own Officers according to Commission Of which the first is Kiotahi or Choutaja of Anatolia the yearly Revenue of which is a Million of Aspers and hath under its Jurisdiction 14 Sangiacks and the Command of 22 Castles The 2d is at Cogni or Iconium in Caramania whose Revenue is 660074 Aspers and contains 7 Sangiacks and 20 Castles The 3d Diarbeker or Sangiar whose Revenue is a Million 200660 Aspers and hath 19 Sangiacks of which 11 are properly belonging to the Ottoman Royalties and are Curdian Countries called Hukenmet or Saline which have no Lords or Timariots to command them but are absolute Masters of their own Estates The 4th is Scham or Damas whose Revenue is a Million of Aspers and hath 7 Sangiacks and 5 Sangiacks Saline The 5th is Siwas in Armenia which hath 900000 Aspers Revenue and 6 Sangiacks and 19 Castles The 6th is that of Erzerum on the Confines of Georgia which hath a Revenue of a Million 200660 Aspers and contains 11 Sangiacks and 13 Castles The 7th is the Government of Wan or Van in Media of a Million 132209 Aspers and hath 14 Sangiacks The 8th is Tehilder on the Confines of Georgia with a Revenue of 925000 Aspers and 9 Sangiacks The 9th is the Government of Scheherezul in Assyria which hath a Million of Aspers and 20 Sangiacks The 10th is Halep or Aleppo which hath 877772 Aspers and commands 7 Sangiacks and 2 in which are no Timariots The 11th is Marasch near the River Euphrates being a Revenue of 628450 Aspers and commands 4 Sangiacks The 12th is the Government of Cyprus or Kibros allowed a Revenue of 500650 Aspers and commands 7 Sangiacks 4 with Ha's and 3 with Saline and 14 Castles The 13th is Tripoly of Syria or Tarabolas Scham hath a Revenue of 800000 Aspers and 4 Sangiacks The 14th is Trabizond formerly the Imperial Seat of the Comneni seated on the Euxine Sea This hath no Sangiacks but the Revenue is 734850 Aspers with 14 Castles The 15th is that of Kars hath a Revenue of 820650 Aspers and commands 6 Sangiacks The 16th is that of Mosul or Nineveh in Assyria a Revenue of 681056 Aspers and commands 5 Sangiacks The 17th is of Rika hath a Revenue of 680000 Aspers and 7 Sangiacks These are the Beglerbegs in Asia Of those in Europe the 18th viz. that of Rumuli is the most honourable the Seat of the Pasca or Basha is at Sophia it hath a Million and 100000 Aspers yearly Revenue commands 24 Sangiacks whereof Morea was one though now made part of the Revenue of the Queen-Mother The 19th is the charge of the Kupudan or General of the White Seas whose Revenue is 885000 Aspers he is Admiral of the Turkish Fleet and commands 13 Sangiacks whose Residence is at Galipoli The 20th is that of Buda
in Hungary it commands 21 Sangiacks The 21st is that of Temeswaer and hath 7 Sangiacks The 22d is that of Bosna now called Sclavonia which commands 8 Sangiacks Those that are with Salary or paid out of the Grand Signior's Treasury are first that of Grand Cairo or Misir who hath a Revenue of 600000 Scheriffs or Zechins a year and commands 6 Sangiacks besides as much is the Tribute paid the Grand Signior and another Sum of 600000 Zechins yearly goes for the payment of the Turks The 2d is the Government of Bagdet or Babylon which hath a Revenue of a Million and 700000 Aspers and commands 22 Sangiacks The 3d is that of Yemen in Arabia Felix whose place of Residence is Aden upon the Red Sea which is now under the power of the Arabians As is also the Government of Habelch upon the Confines of the Abissines now wholly lost to the Turk And the Government of Bosra or Balsera a Maritime City in the Sinus Persicus where were reckoned 26 Sangiacks but now the Turks have no power there Lastly the Government of Labse on the Confines of Ormus where are 6 Sangiacks but poor and inconsiderable To these we should add the Governments of Algiers Tunis and Tripoly in Barbary but these are now much fallen off from the Turk's obedience and almost independent and subsisting of themselves Besides the Dominions of the Grand Signior already mentioned he possesses Suaquem upon the Red Sea Dolfar and Elcalif Asaph or Azac at the Mouth of Don Temrock near the Palus Meotis Caffa and other places in Lesser Tartary Bessarabia Ocziacow and Dussan towards the Mouth of the Nieper and the Kingdoms of Zibit and Ziden in Arabia the Happy All which may be seen in the following Map. A New Map of the TURKISH EMPIRE By Robt. Morden So that in less than 300 Years the Turks have made Conquests in Europe Asia and Africa as considerable as those of the Romans who spent 850 ere they accomplish'd theirs The delightful Fields of Asia the pleasant Plains of Greece the Plenty of Egypt the Fruitfulness of the Nile the Luxury of Corinth the Substance of Peloponnesus Lemnos Scio with other Isles of the Egean Sea the Spices of Arabia the Riches of great part of Persia and Georgia all Armenia and Assyria the Provinces of Asia Minor the Countries of Syria Palestine and Phoenicia the Principalities of Moldavia Valachia Romania Bulgaria Servia and the best part of Hungaria concur altogether to satisfie the appetite of this Turkish Sultan all the Extent of this vast Territory the Lands and Houses as well as the Castles and Arms being all his and at his sole Disposal and Gift only to Lands dedicated to Religious Uses he disclaims all Right and will not to the shame of our Sectaries violate the Penetralia of the Sanctuary The absolute and unlimited Power of this Prince is evident by his Titles as God on Earth The Shadow of God Brother to the Sun and Moon The Giver of all Earthly Crowns c. And 't is an ordinary saying That the Grand Signior is above the Law that the written Law is controulable that his Mouth is the Law itself and the power of an infallible Interpretation is in him It is vulgarly known to all that their Law was compiled by Mahomet with the help of Sergius the Monk whose infamous Life is particularly recorded by many Authors and too tedious to be repeated here I shall therefore only say that though there is a great diversity amongst Doctors as touching the Explanation of their Law yet there are five Articles or Fundamentals thereof to which every Turk is obliged 1. Cleanness in the outward parts of the Body and Garments 2. To make Prayers five times a day 3. To observe their Ramazan or monthly Fast 4. To perform faithfully the Zekat or giving of Alms. 5. To make their Pilgrimage to Mâ—cha if they have means and possibility to perform it The sole Article of Faith required to be believed is That there is but one God and Mahomet his Prophet When Mahumetanism was first weak and therefore put on a modest Countenance and plausible Aspect to deceive Mankind then it courted and favoured the Christian Religion drawing its Tenents and Doctrines in some Conformity to that Rule confessing Christ to be a Prophet and greater than Moses that he was born of a Virgin c. But as soon as its Government encreased and that by Arms and bad Arts the Grand Signior had secured his Kingdom his promises of Toleration and Indulgence were changed into a harsher Note and his Edicts were then for Blood and Ruine what knots of Argument he could not untie he cut and made his Spiritual Power as large as his Temporal Yet towards his Followers he rendred his Precepts easie and pleasant acceptable to the Fancy and Appetite as well as to the Capacity of the Vulgar Representing Heaven to them not in a spiritual manner or Delights unexpressible and Ravishments known only in part to illuminated Souls but with gross Conception of the Beauty of Women of the Duration of one Act of Carnal Copulation of the beastly Satisfaction of a gluttonous Palate And that Persuasion and Principle in their Catechism That the Souls of those who die in the Wars against Christians are therefore immediately transported to Paradise must necessarily whet the Swords and raise the Spirits of the Soldiers and is the Reason they run so eagerly to their own Slaughter esteeming their Lives and Bodies at no greater price than the value of Stones and Rubbish to fill Rivers and Ditches The Mufti is the principal Head of the Mahometan Religion or Oracle of all doubtful Questions in their Law and is of great esteem amongst the Turks When he passeth determination in any Case it is brought to the Cadie or Judge and the Grand Signior himself will in no wife contradict or oppose it so that Law-Suits of the greatest moment are concluded in an hour without Arrest of Judgment Appeals or other dilatory Arts of Law. The State of Marriage is accounted both Honourable and Holy amongst the Turks yet the Priest or Churchman hath the least hand in the Solemnity but it is performed by the Cadie or Judge Polygamie is freely indulged to them by their Religion as far as the number of four Wives And lest this Confinement should seem a restriction of their Liberty and free use of Women every one may besides enjoy his Women Slaves which is not much envied by the Wives so long as they enjoy their due Maintenance and a reasonable share in their Husbands Bed For if neglected above a Week she hath Remedy by Law and if she be so modest not to sue for the Default she is often so ingenious to contrive a supply of her Wants being accounted the most lascivious of Women and excel in the most refined and ingenious Subtilties to steal their Pleasure which if discovered the Blood of her Family is reckoned tainted and disgraced but