baron_n make_v a_o ordinance_n touch_v the_o exemption_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o bury_n from_o the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n in_o the_o ten_o year_n of_o the_o conqueror_n episcopi_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n regni_fw-la regius_fw-la potestate_fw-la ad_fw-la universalem_fw-la synodum_fw-la pro_fw-la causis_fw-la audiendis_fw-la &_o tractandis_fw-la convocati_fw-la say_v the_o book_n of_o westminster_n in_o the_o 2_o year_n of_o william_n 2._o there_o be_v a_o parliament_n de_fw-fr cunctis_fw-la regni_fw-la principibus_fw-la another_o which_o have_v selden_n quosque_fw-la regni_fw-la proceres_fw-la all_o the_o peer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n be_v a_o parliament_n at_o rockingham-castle_n in_o northamptonshire_n episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la cunctique_fw-la regni_fw-la principibus_fw-la una_fw-la coeuntibus_fw-la a_o year_n or_o two_o after_o the_o same_o king_n de_fw-fr statu_fw-la regni_fw-la acturus_fw-la etc._n etc._n call_v thither_o by_o the_o command_n selden_n of_o his_o writ_n the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o all_o the_o peer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o the_o coronation_n of_o hen._n 1._o all_o the_o people_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n be_v call_v and_o selden_n law_n be_v then_o make_v but_o it_o be_v per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la baronum_fw-la meorum_fw-la by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o my_o baron_n in_o his_o three_o year_n the_o peer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v call_v without_o any_o mention_n of_o the_o commons_o selden_n and_o another_o a_o while_n after_o consensu_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_fw-la by_o the_o consent_n of_o earl_n and_o baron_n florentius_n wigoriensis_fw-la say_v these_o be_v statute_n which_o anselm_n and_o all_o the_o other_o bishop_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o king_n henry_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o his_o baron_n ordain_v and_o in_o his_o ten_o year_n of_o earl_n and_o peer_n and_o in_o his_o 23._o of_o earl_n and_o baron_n in_o the_o year_n follow_v the_o same_o king_n 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but_o four_o day_n yet_o much_o be_v donâ—…_n in_o it_o the_o first_o day_n the_o king_n disseise_v gerard_n the_o canvil_n of_o the_o sherifwick_n of_o lincoln_n and_o hugh_n bardolâ—…_n of_o the_o castle_n and_o sherifwick_n of_o york_n the_o second_o day_n he_o require_v judgement_n against_o his_o brother_n john_n who_o be_v afterward_o king_n and_o hugh_n de_fw-fr novaâ—…_n bishop_n of_o coventry_n the_o three_o day_n be_v grant_v to_o thâ—…_n king_n of_o every_o plow-land_n in_o england_n 2_o s._n he_o require_v also_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o service_n of_o every_o knight_n fâ—…_n for_o his_o attendance_n into_o normandy_n and_o all_o the_o wooâ—…_n that_o year_n of_o the_o monk_n cisteaux_fw-fr which_o for_o that_o 〈◊〉_d be_v grievous_a and_o unsupportable_a they_o fine_a for_o moâ—…ny_n the_o last_o day_n be_v for_o hear_v of_o grievancesâ—…_n and_o so_o the_o parliament_n break_v up_o and_o the_o same_o yeaâ—…_n hold_v another_o at_o northampton_n of_o the_o noble_n of_o thâ—…_n realm_n king_n john_n in_o his_o five_o year_n he_o and_o his_o great_a mâ—…met_n rex_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la convenerunt_fw-la and_o thâ—…_n selden_n roll_v of_o that_o year_n have_v commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la bâ—…ronum_fw-la meorum_fw-la the_o common_a council_n of_o my_o baronâ—…_n at_o winchester_n in_o the_o six_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n 3._o the_o nobleâ—…_n grant_v to_o the_o king_n of_o every_o knight_n fee_n two_o markâ—…_n in_o silver_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n he_o have_v a_o parliament_n at_o london_n a_o assembly_n of_o baron_n in_o his_o thirteen_o year_n a_o assembly_n of_o the_o lord_n at_o westminster_n in_o his_o fifteen_o year_n of_o noble_n both_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a m._n par._n say_v that_o 20._o h._n 3._o congregati_fw-la sunt_fw-la magnates_fw-la ad_fw-la colloquium_fw-la de_fw-la negotiis_fw-la regni_fw-la tractaturi_fw-la the_o great_a man_n be_v call_v to_o confer_v and_o treat_v of_o the_o business_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o at_o merton_n our_o lord_n the_o king_n grant_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a man_n that_o hereafter_o usury_n shall_v not_o run_v against_o a_o ward_n from_o the_o death_n of_o his_o ancestor_n 21._o hen._n 3._o the_o king_n send_v his_o royal_a writ_n command_v all_o belong_v to_o his_o kingdom_n that_o be_v to_o say_v archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n install_v earl_n and_o baron_n that_o they_o shall_v all_o meet_v at_o london_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o king_n business_n touch_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o at_o the_o day_n prefix_v the_o whole_a multitude_n of_o the_o noble_n of_o the_o kingdom_n meet_v at_o london_n say_v mat._n westminster_n in_o his_o 21_o year_n at_o the_o request_n and_o by_o the_o council_n of_o the_o lord_n the_o charter_n be_v confirm_v 22._o hen._n 3._o at_o winchester_n the_o king_n send_v his_o royal_a writ_n to_o archbishop_n bishop_n prior_n earl_n and_o baron_n to_o treat_v of_o business_n concern_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n 32._o hen._n 3._o the_o king_n command_v all_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o be_v call_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o state_n of_o his_o kingdom_n mat._n westm_n '_o 49._o hen._n 3._o the_o king_n have_v a_o treaty_n at_o oxford_n with_o the_o peer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n m._n westminster_n at_o a_o parliament_n at_o marlborow_n 55._o hen._n 3._o statute_n be_v make_v by_o the_o assent_n of_o earl_n and_o baron_n here_o the_o place_n of_o bracton_n chief_a justice_n in_o thiâ—…_n king_n time_n be_v worth_a the_o observe_n and_o the_o ratheâ—…_n for_o that_o it_o be_v much_o insist_v on_o of_o late_a to_o make_v foâ—…_n parliament_n be_v above_o the_o king_n the_o word_n iâ—…_n bracton_n be_v the_o king_n have_v a_o superior_a god_n also_o thâ—…_n law_n by_o which_o he_o be_v make_v king_n also_o his_o court_n viz_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n the_o court_n that_o be_v say_v iâ—…_n those_o day_n to_o be_v above_o the_o king_n be_v a_o court_n of_o earl_n and_o baron_n not_o a_o word_n of_o the_o commons_o or_o thâ—…_n representative_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v any_o paâ—…_n of_o the_o superior_a court_n now_o for_o the_o true_a senâ—…_n of_o bractons_n word_n how_o the_o law_n and_o the_o court_n 〈◊〉_d earl_n and_o baron_n be_v the_o king_n superior_n theâ—…_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v superior_n 〈◊〉_d far_o only_o as_o to_o advise_v and_o direct_v the_o king_n out_o of_o hiâ—…_n own_o grace_n and_o good_a will_v only_o which_o appeaâ—…_n plain_o by_o the_o word_n of_o bracton_n himself_o wherâ—…_n speak_v of_o the_o king_n he_o resolve_v thus_o nec_fw-la potest_fw-la 〈◊〉_d necessitatem_fw-la aliquis_fw-la imponere_fw-la quod_fw-la injuriam_fw-la svam_fw-la corrigâ—…_n &_o emendat_fw-la cum_fw-la superiorem_fw-la non_fw-la habeat_fw-la nisi_fw-la deum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d satis_fw-la ei_fw-la erit_fw-la ad_fw-la poenam_fw-la quod_fw-la dominum_fw-la expectat_fw-la ultoreâ—…_n nor_o can_v any_o man_n put_v a_o necessity_n upon_o he_o to_o correâ—…_n and_o amend_v his_o injury_n unless_o he_o will_v himself_o sinâ—…_n he_o have_v no_o superior_a but_o god_n it_o will_v be_v sufficieâ—…_n punishment_n for_o he_o to_o expect_v the_o lord_n a_o avengeâ—…_n here_o the_o same_o man_n who_o speak_v according_o to_o somâ—…mens_n opinion_n say_v the_o law_n and_o court_n of_o earl_n aâ—…_n baron_n be_v superior_a to_o the_o king_n in_o this_o place_n telâ—…_n we_o himself_o the_o king_n have_v no_o superior_a but_o god_n thâ—…_n difference_n be_v easy_o reconcile_v according_a to_o the_o dâ—…stinction_n of_o the_o schoolman_n the_o king_n be_v free_a from_o tâ—…_n coactive_a power_n of_o law_n or_o councillor_n but_o may_v be_v suâ—…ject_n to_o their_o directive_n power_n according_a to_o his_o owâ—…_n will_v that_o be_v god_n can_v only_o compel_v but_o thâ—…_n law_n and_o his_o court_n may_v advise_v he_o rot._n parliament_n 1_o hen._n 4._o nu_fw-la 79._o the_o commons_o express_o affirm_v judgement_n in_o parliament_n 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with_o his_o great_a council_n of_o prelate_n and_o peer_n and_o the_o ordinance_n that_o be_v make_v there_o receive_v their_o establishment_n either_o from_o the_o king_n presence_n in_o parliament_n where_o his_o chair_n of_o state_n be_v constant_o place_v or_o at_o least_o from_o the_o confirmation_n of_o he_o who_o in_o all_o court_n and_o in_o all_o cause_n be_v supreme_a judge_n all_o judgement_n be_v by_o or_o under_o he_o it_o can_v be_v without_o much_o less_o against_o his_o approbation_n the_o king_n only_o and_o none_o but_o he_o if_o he_o be_v able_a shall_v judge_v all_o cause_n say_v bracton_n that_o ancient_a chief_a justice_n in_o hen._n 3._o time_n a_o ancient_a precedent_n i_o meet_v with_o cite_v by_o master_n selden_n of_o a_o judicial_a proceed_v in_o a_o criminal_a cause_n of_o the_o baron_n before_o the_o conquest_n wherein_o i_o observe_v the_o king_n will_n be_v that_o the_o lord_n shall_v be_v judge_n â—…n_o the_o cause_n wherein_o himself_o be_v a_o party_n and_o heâ—…atified_v â—…atified_z their_o proceed_v the_o case_n be_v thus_o earl_n godwin_n have_v have_v a_o trial_n before_o the_o lord_n under_o king_n hardicanute_n touch_v the_o death_n of_o alfred_n son_n to_o king_n ethelbert_n and_o brother_n to_o he_o who_o be_v afterward_o edward_n the_o confessor_n have_v flee_v out_o of_o england_n and_o upon_o his_o return_n with_o hope_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n favour_n he_o solicit_v the_o lord_n â—…o_v intercede_v for_o he_o with_o the_o king_n who_o consult_v together_o bring_v godwin_n with_o they_o before_o the_o king_n to_o obtain_v his_o grace_n and_o favour_n but_o the_o king_n â—…resently_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o behold_v he_o say_v thou_o traitor_n godwin_n i_o do_v appeal_v thou_o of_o the_o death_n of_o my_o brother_n alfred_n who_o thou_o have_v most_o traitorous_o slay_v then_o godwin_n excuse_v it_o answer_v my_o lord_n the_o king_n may_v it_o please_v your_o grace_n i_o neither_o betray_v nor_o kill_v your_o brother_n whereof_o i_o put_v myself_o upon_o the_o judgement_n of_o your_o court_n then_o the_o king_n say_v you_o noble_a lord_n earls_z and_o baron_n of_o the_o land_n who_o be_v my_o liege_n man_n now_o gather_v here_o together_o and_o have_v hear_v my_o appeal_n and_o godwin_n answer_v i_o will_v that_o in_o this_o appeal_n between_o we_o you_o decree_v right_a judgement_n and_o do_v true_a justice._n the_o earl_n and_o baron_n treat_v of_o this_o among_o themselves_o be_v of_o differ_v judgement_n some_o say_v that_o godwin_n be_v never_o bind_v to_o the_o king_n either_o by_o homage_n service_n or_o fealty_n and_o therefore_o can_v not_o be_v his_o traitor_n and_o that_o he_o have_v not_o slay_v alfred_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n other_o say_v that_o neither_o earl_n nor_o baron_n nor_o any_o other_o subject_a of_o the_o king_n can_v wage_v his_o war_n by_o law_n against_o the_o king_n in_o his_o appeal_n but_o most_o whole_o put_v himself_o into_o the_o king_n mercy_n and_o offer_v competent_a amends_o then_o leofric_n consul_n of_o chester_n a_o good_a man_n before_o god_n and_o the_o world_n say_v earl_n godwin_n next_o to_o the_o king_n be_v a_o man_n of_o the_o best_a parentage_n of_o all_o england_n and_o he_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o by_o his_o counsel_n alfred_n the_o king_n brother_n be_v slay_v therefore_o for_o my_o part_n i_o consider_v that_o he_o and_o his_o son_n and_o all_o we_o twelve_o earl_n who_o be_v his_o friend_n and_o kinsman_n do_v go_v humble_o before_o the_o king_n lade_v with_o so_o much_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o each_o of_o we_o can_v carry_v in_o our_o arm_n offer_v he_o that_o for_o his_o offence_n and_o humble_o pray_v for_o pardon_n and_o he_o will_v pardon_v the_o earl_n and_o take_v his_o homage_n and_o fealty_n will_v restore_v he_o all_o his_o land_n all_o they_o in_o this_o form_n lade_n themselves_o with_o treasure_n and_o come_v to_o the_o king_n do_v show_v the_o manner_n and_o order_n of_o their_o consideration_n to_o which_o the_o king_n not_o willing_a to_o contradict_v do_v ratify_v all_o that_o they_o have_v judge_v 23_o hen._n 2._o in_o lent_n there_o be_v a_o assembly_n of_o all_o the_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a baron_n at_o westminster_n selden_n for_o the_o determination_n of_o that_o great_a contention_n between_o alfonso_n king_n of_o castille_n and_o sancho_n king_n of_o navarre_n touch_v divers_a castle_n and_o territory_n in_o spain_n which_o be_v by_o compromise_n submit_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o the_o king_n consult_v with_o his_o bishop_n earls_z and_o baron_n determine_v it_o as_o he_o say_v himself_o in_o the_o first_o person_n in_o the_o exemplification_n of_o the_o judgement_n 2_o of_o king_n john_n also_o that_o great_a controversy_n touch_v the_o barony_n that_o william_n of_o mowbray_n claim_v against_o william_n of_o stutvil_n which_o have_v depend_v from_o the_o time_n of_o king_n hen._n 2._o be_v end_v by_o the_o council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o will_v of_o the_o king_n concilio_n regni_fw-la &_o voluntate_fw-la regis_fw-la the_o lord_n in_o parliament_n adjudge_v william_n de_fw-fr weston_n to_o death_n for_o surrender_v barwick_n castle_n but_o for_o selden_n that_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n be_v not_o inform_v of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o judgement_n the_o constable_n of_o the_o tower_n allen_n buxall_n be_v command_v safe_o to_o keep_v the_o say_a william_n until_o he_o have_v other_o commandment_n from_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n 4_o ric._n 2._o also_o the_o lord_n adjudge_v john_n lord_n of_o gomentz_n for_o surrender_v the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o ardee_n selden_n and_o for_o that_o he_o be_v a_o gentleman_n and_o bannaret_n and_o have_v serve_v the_o late_a king_n he_o shall_v be_v behead_v and_o for_o that_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n be_v not_o inform_v of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o judgement_n the_o execution_n thereof_o
the_o king_n at_o his_o parliament_n of_o his_o special_a grace_n and_o for_o affection_n which_o he_o bear_v to_o his_o prelate_n earl_n and_o baron_n and_o other_o have_v grant_v that_o they_o that_o have_v liberty_n by_o prescription_n shall_v enjoy_v they_o in_o the_o stat._n de_fw-fr finibus_fw-la levatis_fw-la the_o king_n word_n be_v we_o intend_v to_o provide_v remedy_n in_o our_o parliament_n have_v ordain_v etc._n etc._n 28._o edw._n 1._o c._n 5._o the_o king_n will_n that_o the_o chancellor_n and_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o bench_n shall_v follow_v he_o so_o that_o he_o may_v have_v at_o all_o time_n some_o near_o unto_o he_o thaâ—…_n be_v learn_v in_o the_o law_n and_o in_o chap._n 24._o the_o word_n be_v our_o lord_n the_o king_n after_o full_a conference_n and_o debate_n have_v with_o his_o earl_n baron_n noble_n and_o other_o great_a man_n by_o their_o whole_a consent_n have_v ordain_v etc._n etc._n the_o stat._n de_fw-la tallagio_n if_o any_o such_o statute_n there_o be_v speak_v in_o the_o king_n person_n no_o officer_n of_o we_o no_o tallage_n shall_v be_v take_v by_o we_o we_o will_v and_o grant_n 1._o edw._n 2._o begin_v thus_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n willeth_n and_o command_v the_o stat._n of_o 9_o the_o same_o king_n sai_z our_o lord_n the_o king_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o prelate_n earl_n and_o other_o great_a state_n have_v ordain_v 10._o edw._n 2._o it_o be_v provide_v by_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o his_o justice_n the_o stat._n of_o carlisle_n say_v we_o have_v send_v our_o command_n in_o write_v firm_o to_o be_v observe_v 1._o edw._n 3._o begin_v thus_o king_n edw._n 3._o at_o his_o parliament_n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o commonalty_n by_o their_o petition_n before_o he_o and_o his_o council_n in_o parliament_n have_v grant_v etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o 5_o chap._n the_o king_n will_v that_o no_o man_n be_v charge_v to_o arm_v himself_o otherwise_o than_o he_o be_v wont_a 5._o edw._n 3._o our_o lord_n the_o king_n at_o the_o request_n of_o his_o people_n have_v establish_v these_o thing_n which_o he_o will_v to_o be_v keep_v 9_o of_o the_o same_o king_n there_o be_v this_o title_n our_o lord_n the_o king_n by_o the_o assent_n etc._n etc._n and_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o council_n be_v there_o have_v ordain_v etc._n etc._n in_o his_o 10_o year_n it_o be_v say_v because_o our_o lord_n king_n edw._n 3._o have_v receive_v by_o the_o complaint_n of_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n also_o at_o the_o show_v of_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o his_o commons_o by_o their_o petition_n put_v in_o his_o parliament_n etc._n etc._n have_v ordain_v by_o the_o assent_n etc._n etc._n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o say_a knight_n and_o commons_o etc._n etc._n the_o same_o year_n in_o another_o parliament_n you_o may_v find_v these_o be_v the_o article_n accord_v by_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n with_o the_o assent_n etc._n etc._n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o the_o commons_o by_o their_o petition_n â—…ut_o in_o the_o say_a parliament_n in_o the_o year-book_n 22_o edw._n 3._o 3._o pl._n 25._o it_o be_v say_v the_o king_n make_v the_o law_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o peer_n and_o commons_o and_o not_o the_o peer_n and_o commons_o the_o stat._n of_o 1._o ric._n 2._o have_v this_o beginning_n richâ—…d_v the_o 2._o by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o prelate_n duke_n earl_n and_o baron_n and_o at_o the_o instance_n and_o special_a request_n of_o â—…_n commons_o ordain_v there_o be_v a_o statute_n make_v 5_o ric._n 2._o c._n 5._o against_o lollard_n in_o the_o next_o year_n the_o commons_o petition_v he_o suppliant_a les_fw-fr commons_o que_fw-fr come_v un_fw-fr estatute_n fuit_fw-la fait_fw-fr etc._n etc._n the_o commons_o beseech_v that_o whereas_o a_o statute_n be_v make_v in_o the_o last_o parliament_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v never_o assent_v to_o nor_o grant_v by_o the_o commons_o but_o that_o which_o be_v do_v therein_o be_v do_v without_o their_o assent_n in_o this_o petition_n the_o commons_o acknowledge_v it_o a_o statute_n and_o so_o call_v it_o though_o they_o assent_v not_o to_o it_o 17_o ric._n 2._o nu_fw-la 44._o the_o commons_o desire_v some_o pursue_v to_o make_v a_o law_n which_o they_o conceive_v hurtful_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o his_o majesty_n will_v not_o pass_v it_o as_o for_o the_o parliament_n in_o hen._n 4._o hen._n 5._o hen._n 6._o edw._n 4._o and_o ric._n 3._o reign_n the_o most_o of_o they_o do_v agree_v in_o this_o one_o title_n our_o lord_n the_o king_n by_o the_o advice_n and_o assent_n of_o his_o lord_n and_o at_o the_o special_a instance_n and_o request_n of_o the_o commons_o have_v ordain_v the_o precedent_n in_o this_o point_n be_v so_o numerous_a that_o it_o be_v endless_a to_o cite_v they_o the_o statute_n in_o hen._n 7._o day_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n agree_v both_o in_o the_o title_n and_o body_n of_o the_o act_n in_o these_o word_n our_o lord_n the_o king_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o the_o commons_o iâ—…_n parliament_n assemble_v and_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o have_v ordain_v unto_o this_o king_n time_n we_o find_v the_o commons_o very_o often_o petition_v but_o not_o petition_v unto_o the_o first_o petition_n make_v to_o the_o commons_o that_o i_o meet_v with_o among_o the_o statute_n be_v but_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o king_n hen_n 7._o reign_n which_o be_v so_o well_o approve_v that_o the_o petition_n itself_o be_v turn_v into_o â—…_n statute_n it_o begin_v thus_o to_o the_o right_a worshipfuâ—…_n commons_o in_o this_o present_a parliament_n assemble_v show_v to_o your_o discreet_a wisdom_n the_o warden_n of_o the_o fellowship_n of_o the_o craft_n of_o upholster_n within_o london_n etc._n etc._n this_o petition_n though_o it_o be_v direct_v to_o the_o commons_o in_o the_o title_n yet_o the_o prayer_n of_o the_o petition_n be_v turn_v to_o the_o king_n and_o not_o to_o the_o commons_o for_o it_o conclude_v therefore_o it_o may_v please_v the_o king_n highness_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o his_o commons_o in_o parliament_n etc._n etc._n next_o for_o the_o statute_n of_o hen._n 8._o they_o do_v most_o part_n agree_v both_o in_o their_o title_n and_o the_o body_n of_o the_o act_n with_o those_o of_o his_o father_n king_n hen._n 7._o last_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o edw._n 6._o qu._n marry_o q._n elizabeth_n k._n james_n and_o of_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n that_o now_o be_v there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v in_o their_o title_n of_o any_o assent_n of_o lord_n and_o commons_o or_o of_o any_o ordain_v by_o the_o king_n but_o only_o in_o general_a term_n it_o be_v say_v act_v make_v in_o parliament_n or_o thus_o at_o the_o parliament_n be_v enact_v yet_o in_o the_o body_n of_o many_o of_o these_o act_n of_o these_o last_o prince_n there_o be_v sometime_o mention_v make_v of_o consent_n of_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o these_o or_o the_o like_a word_n it_o be_v enact_v by_o the_o king_n with_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o except_o only_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o our_o lord_n king_n charles_n wherein_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n that_o i_o can_v find_v of_o any_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o or_o ordain_v by_o the_o king_n but_o the_o word_n be_v be_v it_o enact_v by_o authority_n of_o parliament_n or_o else_o be_v it_o enact_v by_o the_o king_n the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o commons_o as_o if_o they_o be_v all_o fellow-commissioner_n thus_o it_o appear_v that_o even_o till_o the_o time_n of_o k._n ed._n 6._o who_o live_v but_o in_o our_o father_n day_n it_o be_v punctual_o express_v in_o every_o king_n law_n that_o the_o statute_n &_o ordinance_n be_v make_v by_o the_o king_n and_o withal_o we_o may_v see_v by_o what_o degree_n the_o style_n and_o title_n oâ—…_n act_n of_o parliament_n have_v be_v vary_v and_o to_o who_o disadvantage_n the_o high_a we_o look_v the_o more_o absolute_a we_o find_v the_o power_n of_o king_n in_o ordaininâ—…_n law_n nor_o do_v we_o meet_v with_o at_o first_o so_o much_o as_o thâ—…_n assent_v or_o advice_n of_o the_o lord_n mention_v nay_o 〈◊〉_d we_o cast_v our_o eye_n upon_o many_o statute_n of_o those_o that_o bâ—…_n of_o most_o antiquity_n they_o will_v appear_v as_o if_o they_o weâ—…_n no_o law_n at_o all_o but_o as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v make_v only_o to_o teach_v we_o that_o the_o punishment_n of_o many_o offencâ—…_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o mere_a pleasure_n of_o king_n the_o punitive_a part_n of_o the_o law_n which_o give_v all_o the_o vigoâ—…_n and_o bind_v power_n to_o the_o law_n we_o find_v commit_v by_o the_o
of_o the_o duchy_n be_v send_v by_o the_o house_n to_o the_o lord_n keeper_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a house_n to_o require_v his_o lordship_n to_o revoke_v two_o writ_n of_o subpoena_n which_o be_v serve_v upon_o m._n th._n knevit_fw-la a_o member_n of_o the_o house_n since_o the_o beginning_n of_o parliament_n the_o lord_n keeper_n demand_v of_o they_o whether_o they_o be_v appoint_v by_o any_o advise_a consideration_n of_o the_o house_n to_o deliver_v this_o message_n unto_o he_o with_o the_o word_n require_v in_o such_o manner_n as_o they_o have_v do_v or_o no_o they_o answer_v his_o lordship_n yea_o his_o lordship_n then_o say_v as_o he_o think_v reverent_o and_o honourable_o of_o the_o house_n and_o of_o their_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o same_o so_o to_o revoke_v the_o say_v subpoena_n in_o that_o sort_n be_v to_o restrain_v her_o majesty_n in_o her_o great_a power_n which_o be_v justice_n in_o the_o place_n wherein_o he_o serve_v under_o she_o and_o therefore_o he_o conclude_v as_o they_o have_v require_v he_o to_o revoke_v his_o writ_n so_o he_o do_v require_v to_o deliberate_v upon_o the_o 22_o of_o february_n be_v wednesday_n 18_o eliz._n report_n be_v make_v by_o mr._n attorney_n of_o the_o duchy_n upon_o the_o committee_n for_o the_o deliver_n of_o one_o mr._n hall_n man_n that_o the_o committee_n find_v no_o precedent_n for_o set_v at_o large_a by_o the_o mace_n any_o person_n in_o arrest_n but_o only_o by_o writ_n and_o that_o by_o divers_a precedent_n of_o record_n peruse_v by_o the_o say_a committee_n it_o appear_v that_o every_o knight_n citizen_n or_o burgess_n which_o do_v require_v privilege_n have_v use_v in_o that_o case_n to_o take_v a_o corporal_a oath_n before_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n or_o lord_n keeper_n that_o the_o party_n for_o who_o such_o writ_n be_v pray_v come_v up_o with_o he_o and_o be_v his_o servant_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o arrest_v make_v thereupon_o m._n hall_n be_v move_v by_o the_o house_n to_o repair_v to_o the_o lord_n keeper_n and_o make_v oath_n and_o then_o take_v a_o warrant_n for_o a_o writ_n of_o privilege_n for_o his_o servant_n it_o be_v account_v by_o some_o to_o be_v a_o privilege_n of_o parliament_n to_o have_v power_n to_o examine_v misdemeanour_n of_o court_n of_o justice_n and_o officer_n of_o state_n yet_o there_o be_v not_o the_o mean_a subject_n but_o have_v liberty_n upon_o just_a cause_n to_o question_v the_o misdemeanour_n of_o any_o court_n or_o officer_n if_o he_o suffer_v by_o they_o there_o be_v no_o law_n against_o he_o for_o so_o do_v so_o that_o this_o can_v proper_o be_v call_v a_o privilege_n because_o it_o be_v not_o against_o any_o public_a law_n it_o have_v be_v esteem_v a_o great_a favour_n of_o prince_n to_o permit_v such_o examination_n for_o when_o the_o lord_n be_v displease_v with_o the_o greatness_n of_o pierce_n gaveston_n it_o be_v say_v that_o in_o the_o next_o parliament_n the_o whole_a assembly_n obtain_v of_o the_o king_n to_o draw_v article_n of_o their_o grievance_n which_o they_o do_v two_o of_o which_o article_n be_v first_o that_o all_o stranger_n shall_v be_v banish_v the_o court_n and_o kingdom_n oâ—…_n which_o gaveston_n be_v one_o second_o that_o the_o business_n of_o the_o state_n shall_v be_v treat_v of_o by_o the_o council_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o noble_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o one_o mortimer_n a_o instrument_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o york_n by_o promise_v the_o kentish_a man_n a_o reformation_n and_o freedom_n from_o taxation_n wrought_v with_o the_o people_n that_o they_o draw_v to_o a_o head_n and_o make_v this_o mortimer_n otherwise_o jack_n cade_n their_o leader_n who_o style_v himself_o captain_n mend-all_a he_o present_v to_o the_o parliament_n the_o complaint_n of_o the_o commons_o and_o he_o petition_n that_o the_o duke_n of_o york_n and_o some_o other_o lord_n may_v be_v receive_v by_o the_o king_n into_o favour_n by_o the_o undue_a practice_n of_o suffolk_n and_o his_o complice_n command_v from_o his_o presence_n and_o that_o all_o their_o opposite_n may_v be_v banish_v the_o court_n and_o put_v from_o their_o office_n and_o that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o general_a amotion_n of_o corrupt_a officer_n these_o petition_n be_v send_v from_o the_o low_a house_n to_o the_o upper_a and_o from_o thence_o commit_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o king_n privy_a council_n who_o have_v examine_v the_o particular_n explode_v they_o as_o frivolous_a and_o the_o author_n of_o they_o to_o be_v presumptuous_a rebel_n concern_v liberty_n or_o freedom_n of_o speech_n i_o find_v that_o at_o a_o parliament_n at_o black_a friar_n in_o the_o 14_o of_o henry_n the_o eight_o sir_n tho._n more_o be_v choose_v speaker_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o he_o first_o disable_v himself_o and_o then_o petition_v the_o king_n that_o if_o in_o communication_n and_o reason_v any_o man_n in_o the_o commons_o house_n shall_v speak_v more_o large_o than_o of_o duty_n they_o ought_v to_o do_v that_o all_o such_o offence_n shall_v be_v pardon_v and_o to_o be_v enter_v of_o record_n which_o be_v grant_v it_o be_v observable_a in_o this_o petition_n that_o liberty_n or_o freedom_n of_o speech_n be_v not_o a_o power_n for_o man_n to_o speak_v what_o they_o will_v or_o please_v in_o parliament_n but_o a_o privilege_n not_o to_o be_v punish_v but_o pardon_v for_o the_o offence_n of_o speak_v more_o large_o than_o in_o duty_n ought_v to_o be_v which_o in_o a_o equitable_a construction_n must_v be_v understand_v of_o rash_a unadvised_a ignorant_a or_o negligent_a escape_n and_o slip_v in_o speech_n and_o not_o for_o wilful_a malicious_a offence_n in_o that_o kind_n and_o then_o the_o pardon_n of_o the_o king_n be_v desire_v to_o be_v upon_o record_n that_o it_o may_v be_v plead_v in_o bar_n to_o all_o action_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o ric._n strood_n and_o his_o complice_n be_v not_o think_v sufficient_o protect_v for_o their_o free_a speech_n in_o parliament_n unless_o their_o pardon_n be_v confirm_v by_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n for_o there_o be_v a_o print_a statute_n to_o that_o purpose_n in_o h._n 8_o this_o time_n touch_v the_o freedom_n of_o speech_n the_o commons_o be_v warn_v in_o q._n eliz._n day_n not_o to_o meddle_v with_o the_o queen_n person_n the_o state_n or_o church-government_n in_o her_o time_n the_o discipline_n of_o the_o church_n be_v so_o strict_a that_o the_o litany_n be_v read_v every_o morning_n in_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o during_o the_o parliament_n and_o when_o the_o commons_o first_o order_v to_o have_v a_o fast_a in_o the_o temple_n upon_o a_o sunday_n the_o queen_n hinder_v it_o 21_o jan._n saturday_n 23_o eliz._n the_o case_n be_v thus_o report_v mr._n paul_n wentworth_n move_v for_o a_o public_a set_v fast_o and_o for_o a_o preach_a every_o morning_n at_o 7_o of_o the_o clock_n before_o the_o house_n sit_v the_o house_n be_v divide_v about_o the_o fast_a 115_o be_v for_o it_o and_o a_o 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as_o to_o put_v in_o execution_n such_o a_o innovation_n without_o her_o privity_n or_o pleasure_n first_o know_v thereupon_o mr._n vice-chamberlain_n move_v the_o house_n to_o make_v humble_a submission_n to_o her_o majesty_n acknowledge_v the_o say_a offence_n and_o contempt_n crave_v a_o remission_n of_o the_o same_o with_o a_o full_a purpose_n to_o forbear_v the_o commit_v of_o the_o like_a hereafter_o and_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o whole_a house_n mr._n vice-chamberlain_n carry_v their_o submission_n to_o her_o majesty_n 35_o eliz._n mr._n peter_n wentworth_n and_o sir_n henry_n bromley_n deliver_v a_o petition_n to_o the_o lord_n keeper_n desire_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o upper_a house_n to_o be_v suppliant_n with_o they_o of_o the_o low_a house_n unto_o her_o majesty_n for_o entail_v the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n whereof_o a_o bill_n
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so_o tell_v the_o tale_n of_o she_o as_o if_o she_o have_v choose_v rather_o to_o be_v a_o whore_n than_o to_o be_v think_v a_o whore_n to_o say_v truth_n we_o find_v no_o other_o cause_n of_o the_o expulsion_n of_o tarquin_n than_o the_o wantonness_n and_o licentiousness_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n this_o be_v further_a to_o be_v consider_v in_o the_o roman_a government_n that_o all_o the_o time_n between_o their_o king_n and_o their_o emperor_n there_o last_v a_o continue_a strife_n between_o the_o nobility_n and_o commons_o wherein_o by_o degree_n the_o commons_o prevail_v at_o last_o so_o to_o weaken_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o consul_n and_o senate_n that_o even_o the_o last_o spark_n of_o monarchy_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n extinguish_v and_o then_o instant_o begin_v the_o civil_a war_n which_o last_v till_o the_o regal_a power_n be_v quick_o bring_v home_o and_o settle_v in_o monarchy_n so_o long_o as_o the_o power_n of_o the_o senate_n stand_v good_a for_o the_o 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by_o mean_n of_o this_o fatherly_a power_n say_v bodin_n the_o roman_n flourish_v in_o all_o honour_n and_o virtue_n and_o oftentimes_o be_v their_o common-weal_n thereby_o deliver_v from_o most_o imminent_a destruction_n when_o the_o father_n draw_v out_o of_o the_o consistory_n their_o son_n be_v tribune_n publish_v law_n tend_v to_o sedition_n among_o other_o cassius_n throw_v his_o son_n headlong_o out_o of_o the_o consistory_n publish_v the_o law_n agraria_n for_o the_o division_n of_o land_n in_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o people_n and_o after_o by_o his_o own_o private_a judgement_n put_v he_o to_o death_n the_o magistrate_n sergeant_n and_o people_n stand_v thereat_o astonish_v and_o not_o dare_v to_o withstand_v his_o fatherly_a authority_n although_o they_o will_v with_o all_o their_o power_n have_v have_v that_o law_n for_o division_n of_o land_n which_o be_v sufficient_a proof_n this_o power_n of_o the_o father_n not_o only_o to_o have_v be_v sacred_a and_o inviolable_a but_o also_o to_o have_v be_v lawful_a for_o he_o either_o by_o right_n or_o wrong_n to_o dispose_v of_o the_o life_n and_o death_n of_o his_o child_n even_o contrary_a to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o magistrate_n and_o people_n it_o be_v general_o believe_v that_o the_o government_n of_o rome_n after_o the_o expulsion_n of_o king_n be_v popular_a bodin_n endeavour_v to_o prove_v it_o but_o i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v with_o his_o argument_n and_o though_o it_o will_v be_v think_v a_o paradox_n yet_o i_o must_v maintain_v it_o be_v never_o true_o popular_a first_o it_o be_v difficult_a to_o agree_v what_o a_o popular_a government_n be_v aristotle_n say_v it_o be_v where_o many_o or_o a_o multitude_n do_v rule_v he_o do_v not_o say_v where_o the_o people_n or_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o people_n or_o the_o representor_n of_o the_o people_n govern_v bodin_n affirm_v if_o all_o the_o people_n be_v interest_v in_o the_o government_n it_o be_v a_o popular_a estate_n lib._n 2._o c._n 1._o but_o after_o in_o the_o same_o chapter_n he_o resolve_v that_o it_o be_v a_o popular_a estate_n when_o all_o the_o people_n or_o the_o great_a part_n thereof_o have_v the_o sovereignty_n and_o he_o put_v the_o case_n that_o if_o there_o be_v threescore_o thousand_o citizen_n and_o forty_o thousand_o of_o they_o have_v the_o sovereignty_n and_o twenty_o thousand_o be_v exclude_v it_o shall_v be_v call_v a_o popular_a estate_n but_o i_o must_v tell_v he_o though_o fifty_o nine_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o ninety_o nine_o of_o they_o govern_v yet_o it_o be_v no_o popular_a estate_n for_o if_o but_o one_o man_n be_v exclude_v the_o same_o reason_n that_o exclude_v that_o one_o man_n may_v exclude_v many_o hundred_o and_o many_o thousand_o yea_o and_o the_o major_a part_n itself_o if_o it_o be_v admit_v that_o the_o people_n be_v or_o ever_o be_v free_a by_o nature_n and_o not_o to_o be_v govern_v but_o by_o their_o own_o consent_n it_o be_v most_o unjust_a to_o exclude_v any_o one_o 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any_o of_o the_o twelve_o frustrate_v the_o whole_a judgement_n how_o much_o more_o ought_v the_o natural_a freedom_n of_o each_o man_n be_v preserve_v by_o allow_v he_o his_o negative_a voice_n which_o be_v but_o a_o continue_v he_o in_o that_o estate_n wherein_o it_o be_v confess_v nature_n at_o first_o place_v he_o justice_n require_v that_o no_o one_o law_n shall_v bind_v all_o except_o all_o consent_n to_o it_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o violent_a and_o contrary_a to_o nature_n than_o to_o allow_v a_o major_a part_n or_o any_o other_o great_a part_n less_o than_o the_o whole_a to_o bind_v all_o the_o people_n the_o next_o difficulty_n to_o discover_v what_o a_o popular_a estate_n be_v be_v to_o find_v out_o where_o the_o supreme_a power_n in_o the_o roman_a government_n rest_v it_o be_v bodin_n opinion_n that_o in_o the_o roman_a state_n the_o government_n be_v in_o the_o magistrate_n the_o authority_n and_o counsel_n in_o the_o senate_n but_o the_o sovereign_a power_n and_o majesty_n in_o the_o people_n lib._n 2._o c._n 1._o so_o in_o his_o first_o book_n his_o doctrine_n be_v that_o the_o ancient_a roman_n say_v imperium_fw-la in_o magistratibus_fw-la authoritatem_fw-la in_o senatu_fw-la potestatem_fw-la in_o plebe_fw-la majestatem_fw-la in_o populi_n jure_fw-la esse_fw-la dicebant_fw-la these_o four_o word_n command_v authority_n power_n and_o majesty_n signify_v ordinary_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o wit_n the_o sovereignty_n or_o supreme_a power_n i_o can_v find_v that_o bodin_n know_v how_o to_o distinguish_v they_o for_o they_o be_v not_o distinct_a faculty_n place_v in_o several_a subject_n but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n diverse_o qualify_v for_o imperium_fw-la authoritas_fw-la potestas_fw-la and_o majestas_fw-la be_v all_o original_o in_o the_o consul_n although_o for_o the_o great_a show_n the_o consul_n will_v have_v the_o opinion_n and_o consent_v of_o
hunton_n treatise_n of_o monarchy_n arist._n pol._n lib._n 4._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o preface_n with_o no_o small_a content_n i_o read_v mr._n hobs_n book_n de_fw-fr cive_z and_o his_o leviathan_n about_o the_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n which_o no_o man_n that_o i_o know_v have_v so_o ample_o and_o judicious_o handle_v i_o consent_v with_o he_o about_o the_o right_n of_o exercise_v government_n but_o i_o can_v agree_v to_o his_o mean_n of_o acquire_v it_o it_o may_v seem_v strange_a i_o shall_v praise_v his_o building_n and_o yet_o mislike_v his_o foundation_n but_o so_o it_o be_v his_o jus_fw-la naturae_fw-la and_o his_o regnum_fw-la institutivum_fw-la will_v not_o down_o with_o i_o they_o appear_v full_a of_o contradiction_n and_o impossibility_n a_o few_o short_a note_n about_o they_o i_o here_o offer_v wish_v he_o will_v consider_v whether_o his_o building_n will_v not_o stand_v firm_a upon_o the_o principle_n of_o regnum_fw-la patrimoniale_a as_o he_o call_v it_o both_o according_a to_o scripture_n and_o reason_n since_o he_o confess_v the_o father_n be_v before_o the_o institution_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n be_v original_o a_o absolute_a sovereign_n with_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n and_o that_o a_o great_a family_n as_o to_o the_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n be_v a_o little_a monarchy_n if_o according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o nature_n he_o have_v handle_v paternal_a government_n before_o that_o by_o institution_n there_o will_v have_v be_v little_a liberty_n leave_v in_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o family_n to_o consent_v to_o institution_n of_o government_n in_o his_o plead_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o people_n he_o arm_v they_o with_o a_o very_a large_a commission_n of_o array_n which_o be_v a_o right_a in_o nature_n for_o every_o man_n to_o war_n against_o every_o man_n when_o he_o please_v and_o also_o a_o right_n for_o all_o the_o people_n to_o govern_v this_o latter_a point_n although_o he_o affirm_v in_o word_n yet_o by_o consequence_n he_o deny_v as_o to_o i_o it_o seem_v he_o say_v a_o representative_a may_v be_v of_o all_o or_o but_o of_o a_o part_n of_o the_o people_n if_o it_o be_v of_o all_o he_o term_v it_o a_o democraty_n which_o be_v the_o government_n of_o the_o people_n but_o how_o can_v such_o a_o commonwealth_n be_v generate_v for_o if_o every_o man_n covenant_n with_o every_o man_n who_o shall_v be_v leave_v to_o be_v the_o representative_a if_o all_o must_v be_v representative_n who_o will_v remain_v to_o covenant_n for_o â—…e_o that_o be_v sovereign_n make_v no_o covenant_n by_o his_o doctrine_n it_o be_v not_o all_o that_o will_v come_v together_o that_o make_v the_o democraty_n but_o all_o that_o have_v power_n by_o covenant_n thus_o his_o democraty_n by_o institution_n fail_v the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o a_o democraty_n by_o acquisition_n for_o if_o all_o be_v conqueror_n who_o shall_v covenant_n for_o life_n and_o liberty_n and_o if_o all_o be_v not_o conqueror_n how_o can_v it_o be_v a_o democraty_n by_o conquest_n a_o paternal_a democraty_n i_o be_o confident_a he_o will_v not_o affirm_v so_o that_o in_o conclusion_n the_o poor_a people_n be_v deprive_v of_o their_o government_n if_o there_o can_v be_v no_o democraty_n by_o his_o principle_n next_o if_o a_o representative_a aristocratical_a of_o a_o part_n of_o the_o people_n be_v free_a from_o covenant_v than_o that_o whole_a assembly_n call_v it_o what_o you_o will_v though_o it_o be_v never_o so_o great_a be_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n and_o every_o one_o of_o that_o assembly_n have_v a_o right_a not_o only_o to_o kill_v any_o of_o the_o subject_n that_o they_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o street_n but_o also_o they_o all_o have_v a_o natural_a right_o to_o cut_v one_o another_o throat_n even_o while_o they_o sit_v together_o in_o council_n by_o his_o principle_n in_o this_o miserable_a condition_n of_o war_n be_v his_o representative_a aristocratical_a by_o institution_n a_o commonwealth_n by_o conquest_n he_o teach_v be_v then_o acquire_v when_o the_o vanquish_a to_o avoid_v present_a death_n covenant_v that_o so_o long_o as_o his_o life_n and_o the_o liberty_n of_o his_o body_n be_v allow_v he_o the_o victor_n shall_v have_v the_o use_v of_o it_o at_o his_o pleasure_n here_o i_o will_v know_v how_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o vanquish_a can_v be_v allow_v if_o the_o victor_n have_v the_o use_v of_o it_o at_o pleasure_n or_o how_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o the_o victor_n to_o perform_v his_o covenant_n except_o he_o can_v always_o stand_v by_o every_o particular_a man_n to_o protect_v his_o life_n and_o liberty_n in_o his_o review_n and_o conclusion_n he_o resolve_v that_o a_o ordinary_a subject_n have_v liberty_n to_o submit_v when_o the_o mean_n of_o his_o life_n be_v within_o the_o guard_n and_o garrison_n of_o the_o enemy_n it_o seem_v hereby_o that_o the_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n by_o institution_n may_v be_v forfeit_v for_o the_o subject_n can_v be_v at_o liberty_n to_o submit_v to_o a_o conqueror_n except_o his_o former_a subjection_n be_v forfeit_v for_o want_v of_o protection_n if_o his_o conqueror_n be_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n when_o he_o conquer_v he_o have_v a_o right_a without_o any_o covenant_n make_v with_o the_o conquer_a if_o conquest_n be_v define_v to_o be_v the_o acquire_v of_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n by_o victory_n why_o be_v it_o say_v the_o right_o be_v acquire_v in_o the_o people_n submission_n by_o which_o they_o contract_v with_o the_o victor_n promise_v obedience_n for_o life_n and_o liberty_n have_v not_o every_o one_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n a_o right_n to_o sovereignty_n before_o conquest_n which_o only_o put_v he_o in_o possession_n of_o his_o right_n if_o his_o conqueror_n be_v not_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n but_o a_o subject_a by_o covenant_n how_o can_v he_o get_v a_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n by_o conquest_n when_o neither_o he_o himself_o have_v right_o to_o conquer_v nor_o subject_n a_o liberty_n to_o submit_v since_o a_o former_a contract_n lawful_o make_v can_v lawful_o be_v break_v by_o they_o i_o wish_v the_o title_n of_o the_o book_n have_v not_o be_v of_o a_o commonwealth_n but_o of_o a_o weal_n public_a or_o common-weal_n which_o be_v the_o true_a word_n careful_o observe_v by_o our_o translator_n of_o bodin_n de_fw-fr republica_n into_o english_a many_o ignorant_a man_n be_v apâ—…_n by_o the_o name_n of_o commonwealth_n to_o understand_v a_o popular_a government_n wherein_o wealth_n and_o all_o thing_n shall_v be_v common_a tend_v to_o the_o level_a community_n in_o the_o state_n of_o pure_a nature_n observation_n on_o mr._n hobs_n leviathan_n or_o his_o artificial_a man_n a_o commonwealth_n i._o if_o god_n create_v only_a adam_n and_o of_o a_o piece_n of_o he_o make_v the_o woman_n and_o if_o by_o generation_n from_o they_o two_o as_o part_n of_o they_o all_o mankind_n be_v propagate_v if_o also_o god_n give_v to_o adam_n not_o only_o the_o dominion_n over_o the_o woman_n and_o the_o child_n that_o shall_v issue_v from_o they_o but_o also_o over_o the_o whole_a earth_n to_o subdue_v it_o and_o over_o all_o the_o creature_n on_o it_o so_o that_o as_o long_o as_o adam_n live_v no_o man_n can_v claim_v or_o enjoy_v any_o thing_n but_o by_o donation_n assignation_n or_o permission_n from_o he_o i_o wonder_v how_o the_o right_a of_o nature_n can_v be_v imagine_v by_o mr._n hobbs_n which_o he_o say_v pag._n 64._o be_v a_o liberty_n for_o each_o man_n to_o use_v his_o own_o power_n as_o he_o will_v himself_o for_o preservation_n of_o his_o own_o life_n a_o condition_n of_o war_n of_o every_o one_o against_o every_o one_o a_o right_a of_o every_o man_n to_o every_o thing_n even_o to_o one_o another_o body_n especial_o since_o himself_o affirm_v pag._n 178._o that_o original_o the_o father_n of_o every_o man_n be_v also_o his_o sovereign_a lord_n with_o power_n over_o he_o of_o life_n and_o death_n two_o mr._n hobbs_n confess_v and_o believe_v it_o be_v never_o general_o so_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o jus_o naturae_fw-la and_o if_o not_o general_o than_o not_o at_o all_o for_o one_o exception_n bar_v all_o if_o he_o mark_v it_o well_o whereas_o he_o imagine_v such_o a_o right_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v now_o practise_v in_o america_n he_o confess_v a_o government_n there_o of_o family_n which_o government_n how_o small_a or_o brutish_a soever_o as_o he_o call_v it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o destroy_v his_o jus_o naturale_fw-la iii_o i_o can_v understand_v how_o this_o right_a of_o nature_n can_v be_v conceive_v without_o imagine_v a_o company_n of_o man_n at_o the_o very_a first_o to_o have_v be_v all_o create_v together_o without_o any_o dependency_n one_o of_o another_o or_o as_o mushroom_n fungorum_fw-la more_o they_o all_o on_o a_o sudden_a be_v spring_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n without_o any_o