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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A49450	A new history of Ethiopia being a full and accurate description of the kingdom of Abessinia, vulgarly, though erroneously called the empire of Prester John : in four books ... : illustrated with copper plates / by ... Job Ludolphus ... ; made English, by J.P., Gent.; Historia Aethiopica. English	Ludolf, Hiob, 1624-1704.; J. P., Gent.	1682 (1682)	Wing L3468; ESTC R9778	257,513	339

reason by Argument you can never subdue the Will Eighthly That the Devil had put it into the Heads of several Catholicks to make a corresponding Agreement between the Catholick and the Alexandrinian Religion asserting all to be Christians as well Alexandrians as Romans That all believe in Christ That Christ saves all That there is little Difference between both Religions That both have Conveniencies and Inconveniencies their Truths and their Errors but that the Wheat was to be separated from the Cockle Ninthly That the Ecclesiastical Censures seem'd very heavy to the Habessines especially when they heard the Patriarch name Dathan and Abiram in the Excommunication CHAP. XIII Of the Expulsion of the Patriarch and the Exilement of the Fathers of the Society The Alexandrians quarrel with the Fathers who are accurs'd Their Churches taken from them Susneus Dyes Ras-Seelax renouncing the Alexandrian Religion is Overthrown and Banish'd Others put to Death The Fathers Dispossessed of their Goods Sent to Fremona The Patriarch by Letters Demands of the King the Causes of his Banishment and a New Dispute The King's Answer The Fathers depart for Fremona Afterwards quite thrown out of the Kingdom AFter the Publication of the King's Edict the Alexandrians being now absolute Victors endeavour'd with all their industry to be quit with the Fathers and expel them quite out of Habessinia To which purpose they omitted no occasion of daily quarrel and contention First accusing the Patriarch for endeavouring by Seditious Sermons to stir up the People to Sedition and to turn them from the Alexandrian Religion for that he had openly exhorted his Hearers to Constancy But understanding that Basilides was displeas'd and gave out threatning words they thought it requisite to act more moderately Soon after the Fathers Churches were taken from them believing that would be a means to put a stop to the Roman Worship And first they were constrain'd to quit their Cathedral at Gorgora a stately Structure after the European manner At their departure they carry'd with them all their Sacred Furniture brake all the Sculpture and spoil'd the Pictures that they might not leave them to be the sport of their Adversaries doing that themselves which they thought the Habessines would do And this Example they follow'd in all other places from whence they were expell'd In the mid'st of these Transactions Susnèus's Distemper increasing and more and more augmented by his continual anguish of Mind he ended this Life the 16th day of Decemb. 1632. The King being Dead the Fathers Adversaries set upon Ras-Seelax in the first place as the Principal Favourer and Protector of the Roman Religion and first of all they promise him all his former Dignities all his Possessions and Goods upon Condition he would return to the Alexandrian Religion Upon his refusal they bring him bound in Chains before the King and pronounce him guilty of Death But the King declaring that he would not pollute his hands with the Blood of his Uncle commanded him to be carry'd to a certain remote Place near to Samenar and sequester'd his Goods And as he was great so was he attended in his fall by several others as Atzai-Tino Secretary of State and the King's Historiographer Walata Georgissa the Queens Cousin In short whoever had favour'd the Fathers were all sent into Exile and some put to Death perhaps because they had bin more bitter in their Expressions than others against the Alexandrian Religion For some had call'd it a Religion for Dogs After all this the Enemies of the Fathers still insisted That nothing was yet done so long as the Patriarch and the Fathers were suffer'd to abide within the Confines of the Kingdom Neither would the Lastaneers be quiet till they heard the Fathers were all thrown out of Ethiopia but would look upon all things transacted for the re-establishment of the Alexandrian Religion as fictitious Stories There needed not many words to press him that was already willing First of all therefore their Goods and Possessions were taken from them then all their Arms especially their Musquets and Fire-Arms But before that they were sent to Fremona where as we have already declar'd Oviedo the Patriarch resided for some time But before their Departure the Patriarch wrote a certain Letter to the King to this Effect I did not adventure to come into Habessinia with my Companions of my own accord but by the Command of the Roman Pontiff and the King of Portugal at the request of your Father where having taken the King's Oath of Obedience I officiated the Office of Patriarch in the Name of the Roman Pontiff and the King of Portugal Now because you Command me to depart my humble request is that your Majesty would set down the Causes of my Exilement in Writing subscrib'd with your own and the hands of some of your Counsellors and Peers that all the World may know whether I am compell'd to suffer for my Life and Conversation or for the sake of my Doctrine I granted the Ceremonies desired by your Father except the Communion under both Kinds which only the Pope himself can dispute with The same also I again offer so that you and your Subjects will yield Obedience to the Church of Rome as the head of all other Churches My last request is That as the Matter was Debated at first so it may be referr'd to another Dispute by which means the Truth of the whole affair will more manifestly appear To this Writing the King thus reply'd Whatever was done by me before was done by the Command of my Father whom I was in Duty bound to Obey so that I was forc'd to wage War under his Conduct both with Kindred and Subjects But after the last Battel of Wainadega the Learned and Unlearned Clergy and Layety Civil and Military young and old all sorts of Persons made their Addresses to my Father Crying out How long shall we be perplexed and wearied with unprofitable things How long shall we encounter Brethren and Kindred cutting off the right hand with the left How long shall we thrust our Swords into our own Bowels Especially since we learn nothing from the Roman Religion but what we knew before For what the Romans call the two Natures in Christ his Divinity and his Humanity that we knew from the beginning to this time For we all believe that our Lord Christ is perfect God and perfect Man perfect God in his Divinity and perfect Man in his Humanity But in regard those Natures are not separated nor divided for neither of them subsist of its self but both of them conjoyn'd the one with the other therefore we do not say that they are two things For one is made two yet so as the Natures are not mix'd in their Subsistence This Controversie therefore among us is of little moment neither was it for this that there has bin so much Bloodshed among us but chiefly because the Blood was deny'd to the Layety whereas Christ has said in his Gospel Unless

against him finding himself Inferior in Force he betook himself to the inaccessible Rocks of Shewa from whence at last by the Craft of a certain well-brib'd Gallan he was allur'd to come forth who feigning himself to be highly offended with Ras-Seelax came to the unwary young Prince and promis'd him the Assistance of all his Friends which while he was inveagled out to expect in a neighbouring Wood he was there surrounded by a select Party of the Enemy and pay'd for his rash belief with the loss of his Life CHAP. XI Of the Coming of the Roman Patriarch into Habessinia and how he Managed his Affairs there Alphonsus Mendez made Patriarch of Ethiopia His Inauguration and Journey to Goa c. Their miserable Reception at first His difficult Passage by Land Met by the Jesuits He comes to Fremona thence to the King The King swears Obedience to the Pope So does the Court Ras-Seelax's behaviour blam'd The Solemnity concluded with an Anathema New Edicts in favour of the Romish Worship The Women Commanded to swear The Patriarchal See New Disturbances occasion'd by the new Computation Baptism and Ordination reiterated Sermons Visitation and Confirmation A Countryman 's Joke A Seminary Tecla-George Revolts Suppress'd and Hang'd The Captain of the Guards excommunicated upon a slight Occasion by the Patriarch but Pardon'd at the King's intercession Their Courtiers offended Their Indignation increases and why A Witch imprison'd by Command of the Patriarch Which alienates the King's Affection from him His Authority decreases through private Grudges and an Act of Ras Seelax The Agawi Revolt The King 's ill Success Ras-Seelax more Prosperous against Luca-Marjam Kebax kill'd and Teker-Egzi These Mischiefs attributed to the Romans Melcax takes upon him the Regal Power Ras Seelax accus'd His Goods confiscated The Fathers render'd odious to the King Their Indulgencies laugh'd at Serthax's unhappy Revolt A New Expedition against the Lasti Prosperous at first at last Vnfortunate The Fathers tax'd The King indulges the Old Ceremonies The Patriarch offended Another more mild Edict but too late OF These prosperous Successes the Fathers wrote presently to Rome and into Portugal But very prudently there was nothing rashly decreed at first lest the Design of another Patriarch like that of Nonius Barret should come to nothing But when King Susneus himself had by his own Letters requested a Patriarch and had made publick Profession of the Romish Religion the Conclave then thought it not expedient to make any longer delays And therefore as if they had bin to send into some Portuguese Province upon the Nomination of Philip the Fourth then King of Portugal as well as Spain Alphonsus Mendez a Person of great Eminency by Nativity a Portuguese a Doctor in Theology and of the Society of Jesus which claim'd Ethiopia peculiarly to it self as a Province by them wholly converted to the Faith was created Patriarch Besides that it might have occasion'd great Emulation had a Person bin chosen out of any other Nation or Society Being inaugurated with the usual Ceremonies at Lisbon in the Month of May 1624. he set Sail and arriv'd at Goa where understanding that all things succeeded to the wishes of the Fathers he prepar'd for his farther Journey In November of the same year he arriv'd at Dios hoping there to find some of the Bannian Vessels to carry him into the Red-Sea But they being the year before over-burthen'd by the covetous Exactions of the Turks and fearing the Arabian Pirates had left off Trading into those Parts While he stay'd at Dio he was seasonably forewarn'd by the King's Letters by no means to come near Suaqena or Matzua but to make to rights for Baylur a Port of Dancala There he arriv'd the Third of April following with six Companions four Fathers and two Friers The Fathers were 1. John Velasco Castellano 2. Hierome Lobo or Wolph Which Name lest the Ethiopians should take an occasion to turn to an ill Omen they made a shift to change for another 3. Bruno de Santa Cruce 4. Francesco Marquese The Friers were Emanuel Luis Steward John Martin Attendants he had Thirteen One Servant Five Musicians Three Habessines Two Bricklayers and their Apprentices for the Building of Churches and Houses which the Ethiopic Fathers had desir'd him to bring with him The King had recommended him to the care of the Viceroy of Dancala a Mahometan but in Friendship with the Habessines But the recommendation was so early and he came so late that the Viceroy had forgot it So that his Reception there was very lamentable there being little or no Provision so much as of Necessaries made for him And their Hosts where they Lodg'd were so poor and covetous that instead of receiving any Kindnesses from them they were forc'd to purchase their sorry Convenience with the continual Supplies of their Avarice They could not get Mules or Horses anow to carry themselves and their Luggage so that most of them were forc'd to travel over the rugged and parch'd Earth in continual conflict with hunger thirst and intolerable heat Neither were they much better entertain'd for Sixteen days in the Court of the Viceroy himself all their Presents not sufficing to gratifie the impatient Appetite of his Avarice Parting from thence at the Mercy of those wicked and covetous Varlets that were their Guides and Owners of their Carriage-Horses they travel'd as they were led in daily fear of the Gallans over places where Battels had bin fought as it were Pav'd with the Skulls and Bones of the Slain till at last all these Difficulties and Dangers overcome they were met by Emanuel Barradas with some other Portugueses and Habessines upon the Confines of Tigra who furnish'd them with Provisions Carriages and all other things necessary Upon the strength of which Refreshments they began to ascend the towring Mountains of Abassia and the Fifth day after through more gladsom and verdant Fields and more grateful opportunities of resting themselves they arriv'd at Fremona where they stay'd not only all the Winter but all October and November being both unhealthy Months In December they arriv'd at Gorgora where upon a day appointed with a Noble Attendance and great Applause the Patriarch enter'd the Camp and after Mass said was conducted into the King's Pavillion and there by the King Commanded to sit down by him in a little Chair equal to his own In which great Pomp and State at length the Patriarch came to the point and agreed with the King that upon the XI day of February 1626. he should publickly swear Obedience to the Pope Upon which day together with the King and his Eldest Son Basilides appear'd the King's Brothers the Viceroys and Governors of Provinces and all others that were conspicuous for their Dignity and Quality In the Room were two little Chairs but very rich set one by the other upon which the King sate down on the right hand and the Patriarch in his Pontifical habit upon the left Being so sate the Patriarch

with Crosses Censors and Holy-water and that with a pace so swift that it is a difficult matter to follow them The Body is for some time set down by the Grave during the reading of a certain Paragraph out of St. John's Gospel after which the Body being found and sprinkl'd with Holy Water is not let down but thrown into the Sepulcher King Claudius being desirous to Solemnize the Exequies of Christopher Gomez upon the Anniversary Day that he had lost his Life for the Recovery of Abassia summon'd together all the Priests Canons Monks and all the Neighbouring Poor People and to the first being about Six hundred he gave a Royal Funeral Supper to the last being about Six thousand he distributed a large and noble Alms. They on the other side recited the whole Psalter quite thorough and made the Sky ring with innumerable Allelujahs a Ceremony that serves alike as well upon sad as joyful Occasions Thus when Marcus the Eldest Son of Susneus was Buried they sounded forth Marcus is Dead Hallelujah Marcus is Dead Hallelujah And this they repeated so often and so loud that the Fathers but newly then arriv'd in Ethiopia were astonish'd to hear such an unwonted cry not being able to tell whether the Ethiopians rejoyc'd or lamented So strangely are all Nations delighted with their own Customs CHAP. VII Of the Constitution and Form of Ecclesiastical Government in Ethiopia as also of the Priviledges of the Clergy The Clergy enjoy no immunity Their Head or Abuna created by the Metropolitan of Alexandria His Place in Councils The present State of the Alexandrian Church deplorable The Clergy ignorant the Patriarch Illiterate The Habessine Metropolitans ordain the Clergy only No Bishops nor Arch-Bishops The Icegue governs the Monks They acknowledge but four Oecumenical Patriarchs The Catalogue of Metropolitans incertain They do not reck'n these sent by the Pope After Mendez one call'd the Cophtit His Successors The Orders of Deacon Presbyter and Sub-Presbyter The Clergy Marry but not twice WE have already declar'd That the Supream Power in Ecclesiastical Affairs is invested in the King Therefore all Ecclesiastical Causes except only in very slight Matters are all determin'd by the King's Judges Neither do the Clergy or Monks enjoy any sort of Ecclesiastical Immunity or Priviledge of Exemption Nor does the Canon Siquis suadente diabolo hujus Sacrilegii reatum incurrerit quod in Clericum vel Monachum violentas manus injecerit c. help them at all but that upon offences committed they are punish'd as Lay Persons by the Secular Judges And many times they are sensible of the rough and violent hands of wicked Men without any fear of Excommunication But as to what concerns the Law of Order or the Diocesan Law those things are left to the Clergy Their Chief Head is call'd Papas or Metropolitan Tho the Title or Sirname of Abuna that is to say Our Father be more frequently given him He by ancient Custom at the King's desire is Consecrated to that Dignity by the Patriarch of Alexandria and sent out of Egypt into Ethiopia For they do not think it fitting for the Patriarch to nominate any one out of their own Nation tho never so skilful in their Language Laws and Customs It being provided by those Nicene Canons extant in the Arabic Language That the Ethiopians shall not Elect or Create a Patriarch but that their chief Chief Prelate shall be under the Jurisdiction of Him that resides at Alexandria And a little after That if the Council be held in Greece and the Prelate of Ethiopia be present he shall have the seventh place next the Prelate of Seleucia For they are very obstinate in maintaining their old Customs tho it happen to be one of their greatest Misfortunes The State and Condition of the Alexandrian Church being quite different now from what it was formerly that is to say altogether miserable and deplorable For both the Patriarch and his Clergy are a poor sort of contemptible and rustic People and void of all common Endowments They are as it were the Servants and Slaves of the Turks whose continual vexations so terrifie them from undertaking Ecclesiastical Employment that many times they receive their Ordination by constraint and with Tears in their Eyes which requires nothing more from them than to read Arabic For the Coptic or ancient Egyptian Language as it was spoken in the times of the Grecian Kings and as Athanasius Kirker has given a view of it to the Europeans is now almost buried in Oblivion Their Churches are either all destroy'd or very near to Ruin the Turks not suffering them either to Rebuild or Repair The Patriarch if he can but only read and write and understand the Scripture after an ordinary manner is thought sufficiently worthy of St. Mark 's Chair Hence it may be easily conjectur'd what sort of Persons are sent into Ethiopia for the Government of so many Churches In the time of the Fathers of the Society there was sent such a sad Tool into Habessinia to be the Abuna that being rejected for his Simplicity he was forc'd to Grind Corn for his living To whom another Succeeding not much better gifted gave occasion to the Courtiers to jest and cry We have a Miller still Now as these Patriarchs know very little so they do as little only in set forms of Words they ordain Under-Clercs just as wise and learned as themselves For this reason the Fathers of the Society little regarded the Ordinations of the Abuna but when any of the Abessine Priests came over to them they ordain'd them again after the Roman manner not without the great resentment and indignation of the rest In none of their Kingdoms or Provinces have they any Bishops or Arch-Bishops So that unless the Icegue with the assistance of his Monks had taken some care of the Church all thought of Religion had fallen to the ground long e're this This Abuna is by some tho improperly call'd Patriarch his truer Title being that of Bik Papas or Bik Papaste Prince or Master of the Metropolitans of whom they acknowledge only Four to be of equal Power and Dignity among themselves Among these they reckon the Roman Patriarch to be the First and call him Bik Papaste Zaromeja or the Roman Patriarch For they have no higher Title to give to any one who may be thought Superior to a Patriarch The first Metropolitan of Habessinia was Frumentius the Ethiopic Apostle From him to Simeon who dy'd with Elius in defence of the Alexandrian Religion they reck'n in order Ninety five Metropolitans We have not yet seen the Catalogue but in the Ethiopic Register they are Number'd up in this Order Abuna Abba Matthew Abba Salama Abba Jacob. Abba Bartholomew Abba Michael Abba Isaac Abba John Abba Mark who was Metropolitan in the Time of David Abba Joseph In the Reign of Claudius was receiv'd into the Kingdom with great Pomp without any regard had to John Bermudes whom the Pope had