Selected quad for the lemma: state_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
state_n	government_n	king_n	monarchy_n	1,384	5	9.4516	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A48803	The marrow of history, or, The pilgrimmage of kings and princes truly representing the variety of dangers inhaerent to their crowns, and the lamentable deaths which many of them, and some of the best of them, have undergone : collected, not onely out of the best modern histories, but from all those which have been most famous in the Latine, Greek, or in the Hebrew tongue : shewing, not onely the tragedies of princes at their deaths, but their exploits and sayings in their lives, and by what virtues some of them have flourished in the height of honour, and overcome by what affections, others of them have sunk into the depth of all calamities : a work most delightfull for knowledge, and as profitable for example / collected by Lodowick Lloyd ... ; and corrected and revived by R.C. ...	Lloyd, Lodowick, fl. 1573-1610.; Codrington, Robert, 1601-1665.	1653 (1653)	Wing L2660; ESTC R39067	223,145	321

that eat lice in Scithia called Budmi or them that eat Serpents called Ophiophagi or those that féed on mens bodies called Anthropophagi yea or those that eat their own parents as the Caspians did Vnto what purpose should I name the Astomians a people in India without mouths who onely live with the air that commeth unto their nosethrils where they receive breath they can neither eat nor drink as Plini saith in his seventh book they live the longer with the sweet smell and odours of flowers Vnto what end likewise should I speak of those blind Andabates that fight without eyes or of those great eared people the Fanesii whose ears shadowed and covered their whole body or of the Monopods which in like manner shadow their whole body with one foot or of the Arimaspians people in Scythia having but one eye in the midst of their forehead like the great Ciclop Poliphemus which Ulisses destroied yea of millions more whose deformity to deprint whose uglinesse to write were too much charge to the writer and too much tediousnesse to the reader I might speak of people in some part of India who live two hundred years and more whose hair upon their heads in their young age is white and in their old age black called Pandorae I might likewi●e recite a people in Lybia whose horses may not be guided nor governed with bridles be the bitts never so strong but with rods most gently are they tamed be the rods never so weak Herodotus a famous Gréek writer is not ashamed to shew how the women Selencridae brought forth egs whence men were born of such heighth length and stature that I am partly abashed to alledg his authority therein Again the people called Sorbotae of Aethiope are said to be eight cubits long Why should I speak of the Troglodites who live in caves of the ground féeding on Serpents being people of wonderfull swiftnesse and out-run any horse in Aethiope and cannot speak but hisse Why should I speak of the Massagetes of the people Nasomones I will according to promise omit the prolixity therof touching all countreys by the way or some of the chief as of Egypt with brags and vaunts of their antiquity Of the Ethiopians and the people of Caria with their simplicity and slavery so the Carthaginians were false and deceitfull the Babylonians wicked and corrupted the Persians drunkards and gluttons the Sycilians wary and trusty so was the cruelnesse of the Caspians the filthinesse of the Lesbians the drunkennesse of the Scythians the fornication of the Corinthians the rudenesse of the Boetians the ignorance of the Cymmerians the beastlinesse of the Sibarites the hardinesse of the Lacedemonians the delicacy of the Athenians and the pride and glory of the Romans Thus we read that the Spaniards be the greatest travellers and the greatest dispisers the Italian proud and desirous to revenge the Frenchman politick and rash the German a warriour the Saxon a dissembler the Swevian a light talkative person the Britain a busie body the Cimbrian seditious and fierce the Bohemian ungentle and desirous of news the Vandal a mutable wrangler the Bavarian a flouter and a scoffer These qualities are incident to the aforesaid nations by nature But because in this place it were somewhat to the purpose to declare the glory and state of Rome which of all the world was estéemed and feared and for that Rome had more enemies then all the whole world beside to shew briefly how they flourished how their fame spread and their glory grew I think it not expedient to meddle with the antiquity thereof in the time of Janus and Cameses but to touch upon their fame by managing of wars in the time of Romulus who being begotten of Mars and Rhea a Vestal virgin was the first builder of the city and also king thereof This King Romulus warred on the Sabins after he had elected a hundred Senatours to discern and judge the causes of the City to defend Iustice and practice the same and to punish vice and wrongs according to the law of Plato who willed every Common-wealth to be governed with reward unto the vertuous and punishment to the vicious Again he appointed certain souldiers unto the number of one M. to be in a readinesse alwaies to defend the City After Romulus succéeded Numa Pompilius the second king a man very religious and pittiful he in his time made laws to observe rites sacrifices and ceremonies to worship their Gods he made Bishops and Priests he appointed the Vestal virgins and all that belong thereto Thirdly came Tulius Hostillius to be king in Rome whose felicity was onely to teach the youth of Rome the discipline of warfare and stirred them wonderfully to exercise and practice the same Then fourthly succeeded An. Martius with the like industry and care of the further and surer state of the City in raising the high walls of Rome and raising a bridge upon the river Tyber in amending and beautifying all the stréets of Rome The fifth King was Tarquinius Pri●cus who though he was a stranger born at Corinth yet he increased the policy of the Romans with the wisedome of Greece he triumphed over the people of Tusk and inlarged the fame of Rome much more then it was to this came next Servius Tul●ius who was the sixth and Tarquinius Superbus the seventh and last King of Rome who for his misgovernment and lust in the City against the chast matrons for the pride and infringement of the liberty having withall ravished Lucrecia Collatinus wife was at length after long rule and government banished Rome The first alteration and change of state was then after these seven Kings governed Rome two hundred years and a half which was the first infancy of Rome Then Collatinus and Brutus after these Kings were exiled in reward of restoring liberty and for honest life were the first Consuls in Rome they I say altered the government of the City from a Monarchy to a kind of government called Aristocratia which continued in Rome from the time of Brutus and Collatinus untill the time of Appius Claudius and Quin●us Fulvius which was two hundred years In this season during this two hundred years was Rome most assailed of all kind of enemies stirred unto wars of all nations for the space of two hundred years and a half Then Appius Claudius forgetting the law which he himself made in Rome against fornication forgetting the ravishment of Lucrecia and the banishment of Tarquinius for breaking of the same against all right and reason willingly and wilfully ravished Virginia the daughter of Virginius and after that her own father slue her in the open fight of Rome the cause being known unto all the City the people were straight in arms to revenge the wrongs and injuries against the laws Even as the Kings before named were exiled and banished Rome for the ravishment of Lucretia so now the ten Commissioners called Decem. viri were likewise excluded and rejected for

was as Iustine saith five and twenty days journey in great danger and peril of life as well by wild beasts waters as also by forreign foes She had thrée hundred thousand women of Scythia in company with her For the fame she had heard of this great Prince she came from her Countrey where she was a Quéen to lie with a stranger to satisfie her lust And when she had accomplished her mind after thirty nights lying with him she returned unto her own countrey again Cicero doth write that we are more moved by report oftentimes to love then by sight For as by report Quéen Thalestris came to lie with Alexander from Scythia unto Hircania for his magnanimity victories and courage so by report came the Quéen of Sheba from Ethiopia unto Solomon to hear and to learn wisdome O golden world Oh happy age when either for simplicity men could not speak or for temperance men would not speak The innocence of them then and the subtilty of us now the temperancy of their age and the lust of our age being wel weighed and throughly examined it is easily to be séen how vertuously they lived in ignorance and how viciously we live in knowledge Before Aruntius proud Tarquins son was by lust moved toward Collatines wife there was no alterations of States nor change of Common-wealths no banishment of Princes in Rome And Rome being changed for this mans lust onely from a Monarchy unto another state called Aristocracy it continued so long in that form until Appius Claudius ravished Virginius daughter which was the occasion of the second change And the popular state which had the chief rule always in Rome changed the states of the City for that lust so reigned Thus might I speak of divers other Countreys where lust was the just cause of the subversion of them For by one Venus a strumpet in Cyprus all Cyprus was full of Whores By one Semiramis in Babilon all Persia at length grew full of queans By one Rhodope in Egypt at the beginning all the country became full of strumpets In Rome Flora was honoured like a Goddesse having such solemnity and on Theaters which were called according to her own name Floralia In Thebes was Phrine so magnified that her name was put in print upon every Gate of the City As for Lais in Corinth and Lamia in Athens their Fame was more heard then their Honesty known It grew in fine to that strength that all the Princes of the world were as bulwarks and defenders of lust Yea learned Philosophers and wise Law-givers séemed to defend the same in writing As Lycurgus and Solon two famous wise men the one a Law-giver among the Lacedemonians people in the beginning more expert in the banners and flags of Mars then studious or desirous to haunt the palaces of Venus The other a Law-giver in Athens people likewise more frequenting at the first the school of Minerva then the lurking dens and secret snares of Cupid these two famous men made laws to maintain lust under the colour and pretext of issue every young woman being married to an old man might for children take choise what young man she would of her husbands name So likewise might any young man choose a young woman being married to an old woman Aristotle séemeth to defend this law after a sort So Abrahams wife Sara after a sort willed her husband to accompany with a young maid for that he might have children And Sempronia a woman excellently well learned in the Gréek and Latine and Sapho a woman of no lesse fame then of learning defended lust by their Writings I might have large scope herein to prove Lust as a Lord to rule and govern every where I have sufficiently I hope declared the effect of Lust For as Princes wise stout and learned have been hereto subject so the Poets fain that the Gods themselves have yielded to the might of lust What I pray you translated Jupiter to a Bull Neptune unto a horse Mercury unto a Goat Lust What moved Apollo to be in love with Daphnes What caused Bacchus to favour Gnosida What made Pan to yeeld unto Sirinx lust What moved wise learned stout and strong as well as the foolish the ignorant the weak and the simple but onely that corruption of nature that seed and dregs of Adam which equally without grace moveth all men to sin For there is no man but he is privy to lust moved by lust and sorely assaulted by it Yet there be some that subdue lust some that rule lust but none that vanquish lust for as some are born chast so some do make themselves chast and some who are thus made chast are yet not without some spice of lust I speak not of Proculus the Emperour who kept at his pleasure a hundred maids of Sarmatia Neither do I think herein of Sardanapalus King of Assyria who was alwaies we●ried but never satisfied with Venus But I speak of those that fight and wrastle against nature of those I say that are in common combats with the world the flesh and the Divell For lust saith Ovi● is I wot not what and commeth I wot not whence it taketh root without breaking of flesh and pierceth the very intrals of the heart without any cutting of the vein it is the onely businesse and travel of idle men The young Roman Estrasco at mount Celio beholding the beauty of a Lady called Verrona either of them by nature being dumb one fell in love with the other so sore that Estrasco would often go from Rome to Salon and Verrona would as oft travel from Salon to Rome the one to sée the other and this dumb love continued thus thirty years till it fortuned that the wife of Estrasco died and the husband of Lady Verrona died also Whereby these lovers thirty years without words did both manifest their long desire by a marriage So was Masinissa K. of Numidia Sophronisba a Lady of Carthage the one enflamed with the other onely by a sight that King Masinissa had of Sophronisba The like is written of that most valiant Captain Pyrrhus the long defendor of the Tarentines and King of Epirots when he came from Italy unto Neapolis being but one day there he fell in love with a fair Lady called Gamalice to the great infamy of so famous a Prince and to the great shame of so noble a Lady The like lust arrested that noble and renowned Conquerour Alexander so that when he thought to give battel to the Queen of Amazons having a sight of her at a river side where they both had appointed to come to talk concerning their wars their fury and rage before bent to fight and murther was by a sight changed into a wanton pastime and sport We do read also that Quéen Cleopatra made a banquet for Anthony her lover in the Province of Bithinia in the Wood Sechin where the young virgins were not so cunning to hide them in the thick bushes but the

the people of Carthage delighted in falshood practised perjury and used all kind of crafts as the people of Sarmatha were most false in words most deceitfull in déeds and most cruell one towards the other The Scythians being much molested with wars and driven to leave their wives at home in the custody of the slaves and servants having occasion to be absent four years their wives married their servants and brake their former faith with their husbands until with force and power their servants were slain and so they recovered their countreys and wives again Apollonius the chief Govern●ur of Samos whom the Commons of the countrey from low estate had exalted to dignity to whom they committed the Government and state of Samos was so false of his faith towards his subjects that having their goods lands livings and lives in his own han● he betrayed them to Philip King of Macedonia their most mortal enemy That proud perjurer Cocalus King of Sicily slue King Minos of Créet though under colour of friendship and pretence of communication he had sent for him Cleomines brake promise with the Argives with whom he took truce for certain days and having craftily betrayed them in the night he slue them being sleeping and imprisoned them against his former faith and promise made before Even so did the false Thracians with the Boetians they brake promise violated their faith destroyed their countreys depopulated their cities and having professed friendship and vowed faith became wicked foes and false traytors and all of these received condign punishment But of all false perjurers and unnatural foes Zopyrus amongst the Persians and Lasthen● ● amongst the Olinthians to their perpetual Fame shall be ever mentioned the one in the famous City of Babylon deformed himself in such sort with such dissimulation of forged faith that having the rule and government thereof in his hand he brought King Darius to enjoy it through his deceit and was more faithfull to his King then to his Countrey Lasthenes being the onely trust of the Citizens delivered Olinthus their City into the hands of their long and great enemy Philip King of Macedonia What fraud hath béen found always in friendship what falshood in faith the murthering of Princes the betraying of Kingdoms the oppressing of innocents from time to time in all places can well witnesse the same When Romulus had appointed Spu. Tarpeius to be chief Captain of the Capitol the chamber of Rome where the substance and wealth of Rome did remain Tarpeia Spurius daughter in the night time as she went for water out of the city méeting Tatius King of the Sabines though he was then a mortal enemy to Rome and in continual wars with Romulus yet by her falshood and policy he was brought to be Lord of the Capitol Thus Tarpeia was as false to Rome as King Tatius was to Tarpeia for she looking to have promise kept by Tatius did find him as Rome found her she was buried alive by Tatius close to the Capitol which was then called Saturnus Mount and after her death and burial it was named Tarpeiaes Rock untill Tarquinius Superbus did name it the Capitol by finding a mans head in that place There was never in Rome such falshood shewed by any man as was by Sergius Galba who caused the Magistrates of three famous cities in Lusitania to appear before him promising them great commodities concerning the states and Government of their Cities yéelding his faith and truth for the accomplishment of the same whose professed faith allured to the number of Nine thousand young msn picked and elected for some enterprise for the profit of their countrey But when false Galba had spoiled these thrée cities of the Flower of all their Youth against all promise and faith he slue the most part of them sold and imprisoned the rest whereby he most easily might conquer their Cities Men are never certain nor trusty in doing when they are faulty in Faith For as the Sun lighteneth the Moon so Faith maketh Man in all things perfect For Prudence without Faith is Vain-glory and Pride Temperance without Faith and Truth is Shamefacednesse or sadnesse Iustice without Faith is turned into Injury Fortitude into Slothfulnesse The orders in divers countreys for the observation of Friendship and for maintainance of certain and sure love one towards another were Oaths of Fidelity The noble Romans at what time they sware had this order He or she to take a slint stone in their right hand saying these words If I be guilty or offend any man if I betray my countrey or deceive my friend willingly I wish to be cast away out of Rome by great Jupiter as I cast this stone out of my hand And therewith threw the stone away The ancient Scythians to obserbe amity and love had this Law They poured a great quantity of wine into a great Boul and with their knives opened some vein in their bodies letting their bloud to run out one after another into the boul and then mingling the wine and bloud together they dipped the end of their spears and their arrows in the wine and taking the boul into their hands they drank one to another professing by that draught faith and love The Arabians when they would become faithfull to any to maintain love thereby had this custome One did stand with a sharp stone betwéen two and with it made bloud to issue from the palms of both their hands and taking from either of them a piece of their garment to receive their bloud he dipped seven stones in the bloud and calling Urania and Dionisius their Gods to witnesse their covenant they kept the stones in memory of their friendship and departed one from another The like law was among the Barcians who repairing to a Ditch and standing thereby would say as Herodotus affirmeth As long as that hollow place or ditch were not of it self filled up so long they desired amity and love In reading of Histories we find more certainty to have béen in the Heathen by prophane Oaths then truth often in us by Evangelist and Gospel Oaths lesse perjury in those Gentiles swearing by Jupiter or Apollo then in Christians swearing by the true and iiving God more amity and friendship amongst them with drinking either of others bloud then in us by professing and acknowledging Christs bloud When Marcus Antonius had the government of Rome after Caesar was murthered by Brutus and Cassius and having put to death Lucullus for his consent therein Volummus hearing of his friend Lucullus death came wéeping and sobbing before Antonius requiring one his knées one grant at Antonius hand which was to send his souldiers to kill him upon the grave of his friend Lucullus and being dead to open Lucullus grave and lay him by his friend Which being denied he went and wrote upon a little piece of paper and carried it in his hand untill he came to the place where Lucullus was buried and there holding fast the

bloud saying these words now Cyrus drink enough of that which thou hast alwaies so long thirsted for Bloud doth require bloud and tyranny will have cruelty Antiochus famed in tyranny brought in subjection Egypt and India with other countries Hannibal excelled all men in tyranny as both Rome and Italy can well testifie To speak of King Philip and his son Alexander the great their tyranny their conquest and bloudy wars it were superfluous as Thessalia Thebes Larissa the Olinthians Phoceans Lacedemonians Athenians Persians Indians and all Asia are witnesse thereto Pyrrhus Antigonus Pompey the great with infinite more bloudy Generals did more rejoyce with tyranny to offend others then with justice to defend their own For the triumphs of cruel Captains are to joy in tyranny the wish and desire of the ungodly tyrant is to destroy all he is thirsty alwaies of bloud hungry continually of murther and slaughter What wished Caligula the Emperour to his own City of Rome onely one neck that with one stroke he might strike it off The difference betwéen a gentle and a goodly Prince and a cruell tyrant is and hath béen alwaies séen King Codrus of Athens how far excelled he cruell Caligula when by an Oracle it was told to the Athenians that they should never have victory during the life of Codrus their King the King understanding of it he cloathed himself like a common souldier nay rather as the history saith like a poor beggar and went into the midst of his enemies to be slain to save Athens How much did noble Curtius and famous Decius surmounted that cruell L. Sylla and that wicked imp C. Marius they instructed by the like Oracle were ready in their arms to mount on horseback to offer themselves alive to an open gulf to save Rome the other with sword and fire were no lesse willing to destroy Rome and to spoil their native soil and country of Italy Again Thrasibulus was not so beneficial to Athens but Catelin was as hurtfull unto Rome Divers Princes and Noble men have béen no lesse studious how to kéep and defend their countries then they were loath and unwilling to trespasse against their countries Happy are those places and most happy are they that injoy such Princes How famous was Thebes while Epaminondas lived how renowned was Sparta while yet Agesilaus ruled how happy was Rome when Fabius Maximus bare sway how flourished Athens when Pericles with his magnanimity when Themisiocles with his worthinesse when Demosthenes with his wisedome defended their state The vertuous lives of goodly Emperours time hath advanced to fame and fame hath spread over the whole world as of Traian Constantine Augustus Alexander Severus with others which are to be honoured and had in perpetual memory But the cruell tyranny of other wicked Magistrates neither time can take away nor any good nature forget as that monster of shame sinck of sin that beast Heli●gabalus that tyrant Nero that monster Caligula with Domitian Dionisius and others which are to be detested and utterly lothed Laertius in his third book doth write that the people of Agineta had a law written that if any of Athens should come unto their great City Aginia he should lose his head Whē Plato the phil●sopher had hapned to come to that City it was told Carmendius who then was chief Iudge for that year that a man of Athens was in Aginia which ought by law to die the calling Plato before him in a great assembly demāded what he was he said a Philosopher a certain man envious unto learning hearing the name of a Philososopher said this is no man but a beast then said Plato I ought to be frée by your law being a beast and not a man and so pleaded the matter that by the name of a beast he was dismissed applying thus the sense thereof that with tyrants and envious people beasts are better esteemed then men Such is the furious rage of tyranny that without mercy and respect of person he féedeth his fury King Atreus brother to Thiestes and son to King Pelops slew without pity the thrée sons of his brother Thiestes whose bloud he caused his brother and their father to drink unawares and after he had hidden their bodies in a cave he cut off their members and made their father to eat thereof The like history we read in Justine that King Assiages made Harpagus to eat his own son dressed ready and served up at the Kings table in two silver dishes before Harpagus the father of which as one ignorant of such tyranny the father fed Mithridates the bloudy King of Pontus slew his thrée sons and three daughters he killed his wife Laodice and married another named Hipsicratea Tyranny lurketh in the hidden veins and secret bowels of envy for even as Mithridates flew his wife Laodice so Constantine the great Emperour slew his wife Fausta and Nero murthered his wife Poppea I should weary the Reader to speak of Cleander Aristratus Strates Sabillus with innumerable others The state of Rome was so often changed by tyranny that sometimes they reigned under Monarchy and then streight under Aristrocacy And thus the Commons séeking by change an amendment of Princes kept alwaies the chief rule and government of the City of Rome under Democracy which is the popular government abhorring the corruption of Princes to their immortal fame and glory CHAP. XLIII Of Flattery FLattery is the sweet bait of Envy the cloak of malice the onely pestilence of the world a monster ugly to behold if it could be seen and dangerous to trust if it might be known it hath as many heads as Hidra to invent wickednesse as many hands as Briareus to commit evill as many eys as Argos to behold and delight in vengeance as swift of foot as Thalus entring into every mans house with words as sweet as honey but a heart as bitter as gall of which the old poem is spoken Melin ore verba lactis felin corde fraus in factis Antisthenes the learned Athenian was wont to say that he had rather have Ravens in his house with him then flatterers for Ravens said he devour but the carcasse being dead but the flatterer eateth up the body and soul alive For even as tyranny is hidden in the secret bowels of envy so is envy cloaked under the filed phrase of flattery and very well compared to the Crocodiles of Nilus or to the Syrens of the seas the one weeping and mourning the other singing and laughing the one with lamentation the other with mirth doth study how to annoy the poor Mariner The flattering Parasite as Ovid saith denieth with the negative and affirmeth with the affirmative wéepeth with him that is sad and laugheth with him that is merry As sometime Clisophus who when his master Philip King of Macedonia and further to Alexander the great did halt because he had the gout he would halt likewise when the King would be merry at his drink Clisophus would not be sad