side was greater for three of their Ships were taken and two some say more sunk There perished two more of their Ships in their retreat to Lanskrown one being stranded and quitted by them near the Isle of Ween and the other running upon its own Anchor split in the entry of the Haven The number of the slain and drowned on the Swedish side is uncertain as near as I can gather they doubled that of the Dutch though these affirm them to have been more and the other scarce so many It is constant that all on neither side did not their duties but being the number of eithers Cowards was not very disproportionable the disadvantage that way seems not unequal But to leave these degenerous spirits to the shame and punishment that attends them we will pursue our Relation Towards Evening the Danish Admiral Bielke who by reason of the contrary Winds could not get up to the fight joyned Opdam betwixt Coppenhagen and Ween with six men of War Hereupon it was resolved to engage the Enemies again but they having secured themselves in Lanskrown the design was changed into a Blockade and being they could not enter the Haven without too great a hazard to endeavour to destroy it by sinking several old ships filled with sand stones broken Cannon and such like Ballast in the entry of it and so render the Fleet within it useless by obstructing their passage out again The Swedes were at first frightened with the greatness of these preparations not thinking that impossible which they saw undertaken and pursued with so much eagerness Seeing therefore they could not hinder what they so much feared by force they would try what threatning could do and sent King Frederick word that they would revenge the detriment which should be done their Haven with the destruction of the Kingdom of Denmark But the Danes did not desist for all these menaces but returned answer that the King would persist in his design if he thought it might prove prejudicial to his Enemies not despairing but to be able another day to revenge those injuries which their malice might create him in Denmark by a just retaliation in Sweden it self But this as also another design of the Danes to surprise the Castle of Elzenburg about the same time proved fruitless Six hundred foot were ordered for this exploit but being opposed by a rude storm were forced back though not without some loss The whole Fleet the Winter being far advanced was likewise obliged to return to Coppenhagen for the Sea began already to freeze and crust with drifts of Ice It is not imaginable with what excess of joy the Dutch Auxiliaries were received within the City but the Besieged were transported when they saw the next morning after the fight that the Swedes had quitted their Works and Approaches near the Town and were retired The Sun had no sooner discovered the Enemies Retreat but the forsaken Trenches swarmed with the glad Citizens The Works which had been raised against them were levelled and whatever the Swedes had left behind them of moment carried in triumph into the Town These publick joys were further celebrated with publick Thanksgiving in all the Churches and this oppressed people seemed raised by this unexpected deliverance to hopes of a better fortune The Swedes Army in Batalia before their Camp when they quitted it Those to Sir Philip Meadow were as followeth Whereas upon occasion of the present War lately faln out betwixt the Kings of Sweden and Denmark We have thought fit to send a Fleet towards the Sound under Command of Vice-Admiral Goodson for the ends and purposes expressed in these our Instructions and also in those given by Us to the said Vice-Admiral which he hath order to communicate to you you are to take the first and soonest opportunity you can to speak with the said Vice-Admiral and to communicate with him or such as he shall send to you concerning the best wayes and means for putting in execution what you shall herewith receive in charge 2 In pursuance thereof you shall in Our name offer to both the said Kings Our friendly Mediation for composing the present War arisen betwixt them and for preventing the further effusion of Christian bloud you are to desire a Cessation of all Acts of Hostility betwixt them during the Treaty 3 In case a Treaty shall either be begun betwixt them before these arrive with you or shall be entred into upon your offer of a Mediation as aforesaid you shall use your best endeavour to bring the said two Kings to an Agreement and to settle a good and secure Peace between them taking care therein that nothing be concluded on to the prejudice or detriment of this Commonwealth 4 In the management of this Affair you shall communicate as you shall have opportunity with the French Minister remaining in the Court of Sweden with whom we would have you to maintain a very good correspondence And in case the States General of the United Provinces have any publick Ministers residing with the King of Sweden or the King of Denmark you shall do the best you can to have a communication with them and to encline them to use their endeavours to the setling of this Peace betwixt the said two Kings 5 In case the Mediation so to be offered be not accepted or that Affairs there are in such a condition that a Treaty cannot be propounded or in case a Treaty shall be accepted but no Cessation granted or no effect likely to be had of such Treaty for the ends aforesaid you are then for the better securing of the interest of this Commonwealth in these parts no other way appearing to Us possible in that behalf to let the King of Sweden know according to what you will find in Our Instructions to Vice-Admiral Goodson that the Fleet under his Command will be ready upon reasonable Conditions to give him assistance for his defence 6 And that you may fully know Our mind and intention upon this whole Affair We have herewith sent you a Concept of Articles which We judge fit and necessary to be agreed upon betwixt Us and the King of Sweden as the Terms of our Assistance which you shall communicate to the said King and upon his agreement thereunto and formal ratification thereof you shall signifie the same to Vice-Admiral Goodson That he may accordingly pursue the Instructions given him in that behalf 7 Though We have sent this Form yet Our mind and intention is not to tye you up to all the words and expressions therein but that you keep to the substance thereof so as if alterations be made in any part thereof the substance be not altered And in case any thing else occur to you being upon the place which as affairs stand may be of further advantage to the interest of this Nation you are to propound and insist on the same accordingly 8 In case matters should so stand at the arrival of Our Fleet that by
War The English as is already mentioned had about the latter end of the last year sent a Fleet towards Denmark but that being by reason of Tempests and the unpassableness of the Seas full of sholes of Ice unable to advance was obliged to return The Winter being past General Montague was sent thither with a second no less useful for service being very well fitted for War and well manned with betwixt nine or ten thousand men but no Land forces then glorious for ostentation The English Fleet was got ready with that expedition that it put to Sea a Fortnight or three Weeks before the Dutch which bred no little jealousie in them seeing their Rivals ready before them and that with such powerful Forces however Mr. Downing then Resident at the Hague had assured them Apr. 6. that the English Fleet which was gone towards the Sound had no Orders to use any kind of hostility against their Shipping but only to endeavour the procuring of a Pacification betwixt the two Crowns And it proved so though the States were hardly induced to believe it And yet they will not now making a vertue of necessity seem to wish it otherwise so that their preparations moved flower at least in appearance whilest they gave out that they did not need to make hast being Denmark was secured in the Neutrality of that present power General Montague having Rendevouzed in Sould Bay March 27. 1659. weighed the twenty seventh of March and arrived in the Sound at an Anchor between the Island of Ween and Cronenburg Castle April 6. Apr. 6. And And by agreement between the King of Sweden and the English Admiral neither flag was stirred but born aloft and the three Flag-ships as they passed by the Castle saluted it where the King and Queen were in person with 21 19 and 17 Guns Every other Ship gave only a Volley of small shot which were answered Flags and all only with two Guns each according to the Custom of Sweden The Instructions given to General Montague I have thought proper to insert here being they will give great light to the following passages of that Summers action WHereas upon consideration had of the state of Affairs in the Eastern parts and particularly of the War faln out betwixt the two Kings of Sweden and Denmark which hath greatly disturbed the Navigation and Commerce of this and other Neighbouring States and distracted the Affairs of the greatest part of Europe We thought it necessary to use Our best endevours for composing the said War and thereby to remove the manifold Evils and Inconveniences which depend thereupon And to that purpose gave directions to Sir Philip Meadow Our Envoy Extraordinary with the King of Sweden to offer Our friendly Mediation to both those Kings and to contribute his utmost diligence for setling a Peace between them Giving him such further Instructions as We found necessary for that occasion a Copy whereof they bearing Date the ninth of December last is herewith delivered unto you And whereas since that time there hath been a Treaty made and concluded on betwixt Us and the King of France a Copy whereof is also herewith delivered you touching the said Affairs which both States finding to be of so great importance to their respective Countries and Dominions and the Interest thereof They judge that it concerned Them in a joynt way and by joynt Counsels to apply the most effectual remedies that could be thought of for composing the said War And therefore did agree by the said Treaty to offer their joynt Mediation to those two Kings for procuring of a Peace betwixt Them as also their Garranty for securing thereof in case it should be accomplished With a mind also to accommodate the differences betwixt the King of Sweden on the one side and the King of Poland and the Elector of Brandenburg on the other And for the better effecting of the mutual intentions of these two States It was further concluded by the said Treaty that all endeavours should be used for disposing the States General of the United Provinces to co-operate with England and France in this good Work And accordingly as well We as the King of France have given Instructions to Our respective Publick Ministers both at the Hague and with the said Kings of Sweden and Denmark to prosecute and promote the aforesaid good Intention which We hope will have the issue that is desired and that such a Peace will be setled in those parts where so great and powerful Armies both by Land and Sea are engaged as will be for the security of the common Interest and in particular of this Commonwealth And having on these grounds sent a Fleet towards those parts the last Winter which in respect of the season of the year was not able to perfect the intended Voyage We have now judged it necessary upon the same Grounds and to the same ends as are before expressed to send a Fleet under your Conduct and Command into the Sound and Baltick Sea You are therefore on the receipt of these Our Instructions and of the other papers herewith delivered to repair to Our Fleet prepared for this Expedition a List whereof is hereunto annexed and upon your coming aboard you shall by Gods blessing and assistance with your first Opportunity of Wind and Weather set sail for the parts aforesaid and having come thither shall follow and pursue the Instructions following viz. 1 You shall immediatly upon your arrival in the Sound send to Sir Philip Meadow as also to our Envoy with the King of Denmark if he be there residing and receive from them a true and perfect account of the state of the affairs of the several Princes engaged as aforesaid and what effect our Mediation hath had and whether it be probable that a Treaty and Peace will ensue on the Terms wherein you shall find affairs to stand at your arrival 2 You shall either by your self or by the hand of Sir Philip Meadow as you shall find it most convenient let both the Kings of Sweden and Denmark know that you have brought the Fleet into these parts by Our command as a common friend to both and with desires to procure a Peace betwixt them And that for the same purpose you are ready to contribute all that lies in you to remove those difficulties that lye in the way of Peace and secure Agreement betwixt them We judging it to be their own Interest as well as that of their Neighbours and Allies that the present War between them should be put to a speedy end And that We cannot understand how the same can be continued without extream danger as well to themselves as to the present Interests of their Allyes 3 If a Treaty be begun between them before your arrival you shall do what you can to bring the said Treaty to a Peace without delay But if it be found that either no Treaty is begun or that the difference is such upon the
Treaty that no Agreement is like to be made thereupon Then Sir Philip Meadow as We have directed him by your Instructions to him shall in Our name propound the Treaty of Rotschild to be the Terms of a Peace to be now setled between them with such Alterations as shall be found necessary upon occasion of the War since faln out between the said two Kings perswading both of them to center therein as that which is the likeliest means as affairs now stand to put an end to this unhappy and unchristian War And this you as Admiral of the Fleet shall also let both the Kings know And also that you shall be obliged by your Instructions to oppose that Party which shall refuse a reasonable Peace upon these grounds We holding our self engaged to propound this Treaty in respect We were one of the Mediators thereof 4 In case the said two Kings can be brought to a Treaty then a Cessation of all acts of Hostility is to be endeavoured between them in which Cessation it is to be expressed that no part of the Forces under the Command of the Elector of Brandenburg and that Confederate Army be transported into Zeland Funen or any other of the Isles where now the King of Sweden hath footing and that no relief of Men or Shipping be put into Coppenhagen nor any attempt made upon either of the said Kings by the Forces of any Prince or State whatsoever And you are authorized to use your endeavours that the Terms of the said Cessation be observed and to oppose whomsoever shall go about to break the same 5 And whereas We find that One great difficulty which the King of Denmark makes about treating separately with Sweden is because of his engagement to his Allies We have directed the said Sir Philip Meadow to let him know That this Peace being once concluded yea whilest it is Treating We shall use Our best endeavours to reconcile the King of Sweden unto the King of Poland and the Elector of Brandenburg and do not doubt but something very effectually may be done therein But we conceive it of absolute necessity in the first place to agree the said two Kings without which it is impossible to imagine that any peace at all can any way be concluded on And we hope that the States General of the United Provinces will likewise agree herein 6 You shall also take the first opportunity to deal very seriously with the King of Sweden touching his present War in Denmark letting him know that We apprehend it very dangerous both for him and all his Allies in respect of the great Combinations that are made against him both by Land and Sea which in all probability he will not be able to defend himself against And that whosoever comes in to his assistance must expect to engage himself in a War with Holland and those other States which are the Allies of Denmark being a War which at this time this Nation is in no condition to engage in nor is the Parliament now sitting satisfied so to do And that therefore the Counsell which We as his true Friend and Ally do find necessary to give him at this time is That he will apply himself to make a reasonable Peace with the King of Denmark upon the Treaty of Rotschild which We at his own desire did in some sort become the Garranty of Letting him further know that in case his Majesty shall not think fit to follow this Counsel We cannot satisfie Our self to give him any assistance the consequence whereof will be so great upon this Nation And in case the Dutch will be perswaded to say as much to the King of Denmark We doubt not but matters will be brought to a happy issue in those parts 7 In case the King of Denmark shall refuse to treat upon the Terms before expressed you shall let him know That although We have not interested Our self in this present War but have carried Our self as Neuter betwixt him and the King of Sweden Yet now We find the Interest of this Commonwealth so much concerned in this War That We held Our self obliged to make use of all the means God hath put into Our hands to put an end thereto And that having done what lies in Our power by Our Ministers in a friendly way without success We have found Our self necessitated to give assistance to the King of Sweden as Our Friend and Ally who having declared himself willing to make Peace upon the Terms of the Rotschild Treaty We thought it not for the Common good nor for the interest of England to suffer him to be opprest and totally ruined by the conjunction of so great and powerful Forces against him 8 And upon this state of the case and having by your self or Sir Philip Meadow Our said Envoy used your best endeavour as aforesaid for making a Peace And if the King of Sweden shall give satisfaction upon the Terms of Assistance you shall then with the Fleet under your Command assist the King of Sweden in a defensive way in the manner expressed in the following Article 9 You shall with the Fleet under your Command either alone or in conjunction with the Swedish Fleet hinder what in you lies the transporting of any part of the Confederate Army under the Command of the Elector of Brandenburg or by whom else the same is commanded into the Isles of Zeland and Funen or into any other of the places now possessed by the Swedes And if any attempt shall be made to do it you shall use the force that is in your hand to withstand and prevent it by whomsoever it shall be attempted 10 In case the Fleet of the King of Sweden shall be attempted by the Dane or by the Fleet of any other State separately or in conjunction with the Dane you shall use the Force which God hath given you to defend him 11 You shall also labour by the Fleet under your Command to hinder the carrying of any Succour or relief into Coppenhagen until the King of Denmark shall be willing to Treat upon the Terms expressed in the former Article and are hereby impowred to fight with any such as shall endeavour to carry in any such relief as aforesaid And are also impowred to authorize such number of the Fleet as you shall judge necessary under the Flag of Sweden to joyn with the Fleet of Sweden to pursue and assault his enemies for the better accommodating of the Termes of Peace as aforesaid 12 And because Our intention is to manage this business by Counsel and Correspondence with the States General of the United Provinces as also to prevent any further Engagement between the King of Sweden and the Lords the States in a Hostile way We have directed our Resident at the Hague to propound to the said States General that they will joyn with England and France in the making of this Peace upon the grounds of the Treaty of Rotschild and that in order
shall be in Amity with those Confederates or either of them 8 That all the Ports Rivers Roads Harbours and Countryes of Sweden shall be free and open for the English Ships and men to come into reside in and go forth of from time to time as there shall be occasion without any molestation and shall be assisted and furnished with provisions and other necessaries at the same rates that the People â—nd Subjects of the King of Sweden are â— That all reasonable endeavours shall be used by these Confederates â—o withdraw the Elector of Brandenburg and all other Princes â—â—d States from any conjunction with the House of Austria and to Unite them against the said House â— That the said Fleet set out by His Highness as aforesaid shall be continued forth for the purposes aforesaid for so long time as the present season of the year shall permit with respect to the safety of the Fleet and no longer â—he English Admiral was bound up not to admit of any alteraâ—â—â— in the Treaty and the King of Sweden how great soever his â—eed of Englands help was yet immoveably persisted in refusing to sign the Treaty upon these Points First that he could not admit the English the Priviledges in Sweden that all Swedes have because he alledged some sort of Ships were built there in a form particular to be useful in his Wars and for lading Salt also in consideration whereof they had special immunities But he offered to make them equall with the rest of the Nation 2 That he could not exclude their Enemies out of the Baltick Sea For it was not possible for the English alone to suffice for the Commerce of it and if they could yet it was giving them to much advantage in Trade upon his own people and all the bordering Nations upon the Baltick Sea to make them Monopolizers thereof Whilest these things are in discoursing in the Sound the change of Government happened in England and the English Fleet thereby taken off from the prosecution of its first design was made to wait the new directions of the Power then in possession whose Interest differing from the former seemed to espouse that of Holland by undervaluing the Swedes to their very great prejudice But however affairs went in Denmark the struglings at the Hague were no less remarkable which ended at length in a League betwixt the three States to wit England France and the United Provinces Whereby they resolved to perswade or enforce the warring Kings and that against their wills or without consulting with them to a Reconciliation and Peace The Articles of this Convention wherein its Authours shewed they no less minded their own than their Neighbours interest were in all nine The first was May 22 11. 1659. that a Peace should be made betwixt the two Kings upon the foundation of the Rotschild Treaty 2 That the second Article of the said Treaty by which all Forreign hostile Fleets were prohibited to pass the Sound should be wholly exploded and left out or so couched that no Vessels or shipping whatsoever belonging to any of the three States should be comprehended in that restriction but that on the contrary they should be permitted to pass the said Streight at pleasure without any let or interruption 3 That the English Fleet should not joyn it self to either of the two Kings Fleets nor affist nor offend either of them for the space of three whole Weeks counting from the day that notice hereof was given to the Commander in chief of the said Fleet And likewise that the Dutch Fleet which was to be sent for Denmark should observe the same and not joyn with Opdams Fleet who was also to act nothing in prejudice of the Swedes for the said three Months time and that the Fleet to be sent thither should not go to Coppenhagen nor enter the Baltick Sea either by the Sound or by either of the two Belts 4 That the said three States should withdraw all manner of ayd and succours from that King who should refuse equitable terms of Peace and continue so to do until he had declared the contrary 5 That the three States should stand bound for ever for the executing and keeping of the made peace 6 That all Ships whatsoever belonging to the Subjects of the three States as also their Merchandise and lading should be free and exempted in the Sound and both the Belts from any new Impositions or Tolls 7 That England and France should undertake to remove all diffidences and mis-understandings arisen betwixt the King of Sweden and the States General and cause the Treaty of Elbing with its elucidations to be ratified 8 That the three States should use their utmost endeavours to compose the War with Poland as also the difference betwixt the Elector of Brandenburg and the Swedes 9 Lastly that the Articles of this Treaty should be ratified and duly observed by the three States And thus this Treaty notwithstanding the main opposition of the Emperor the Danes and the Brandenburgers Ministers was agreed upon by the three States But being those of England and France did refuse to sign it at present under pretence of waiting further and more plenary Orders from their Principals the States General dispatched an Express to the King of Denmark assuring him that their Fleet. notwithstanding the arrival of Forreign Fleets in the Sound April 29. should follow with the forty Companies designed for his assistance with all possible speed and that they would omit nothing whereby they might remove that oppression that his Kingdom did at present groan under There was no industry omitted for the hastening out of the Dutch Fleet all forreign Commerce and traffick by Sea being forbidden and wholly prohibited until the same were furnished with Marriners This unusual Embargo did extreamly trouble the Merchants especially the Green-land Farers for the season to fish for Whales drew nigh and the loss would be as well great as irrecoverable if it were neglected Seeing therefore that Seamen came but slowly in as unwilling to engage in a War where nothing was to be expected but blows and that they would not be prest as inconsistent with the freedom they pretend they were forced to hire them at excessive rates the price heightening even to forty Guilders a man every moneth At last though with much ado they levied twelve hundred Seamen which were dispersed amongst the Navy which by this time was ready consisting of forty brave Ships of War And now their Land-forces being likewise embarked May 10 3â— they set sail towards Denmark The Danish Agents which resided in Holland had hired several Fluyts and Galliots to carry provisions to Coppenhagen and to transport the Confederate Armies out of Jutland into the Islands but wanting both monies and credit they were stayed behind to the prejudice and dis-reputation of them who were concerned Michael de Ruyter Vice-Admiral of Amsterdam had the present Command of this Fleet for Opdam was absent and
Denmark had scarce order to mention to endeavour to remove what ever there was of any moment that might cherish those heats and jealousies which were betwixt them and to renew those Leagues of Amity which they had formerly so much esteemed and which the King would if they pleased alwayes keep inviolably He further propounded that Commissioners might be ordered to treat with him which was granted although they moved not so quick as he desired the main business being referred by the States to their Plenipotentiaries then in Denmark The King of Denmark hearing of Coyet's being in Holland resolved least his affairs there might suffer to oppose him in kind He therefore sent the Lords Otto Krage and Gotske Bockwalt Jan. 9. two Senators his Embassadours extraordinary to the Hague who were received with more appearance and realities of kindness than the Swede Amongst other things they told the States that the time designed to make the Peace in was expired and consequently that that the Hagues Agreement and Conventions did cease of course They therefore besought them to continue their assistance according to the reiterate Leagues betwixt them and that until Denmark were delivered from the oppression of their Enemies They further demanded that they might not at all be tied to the Treaty of Rotschild which the Swedes had broken but that the said Swedes might be obliged not only to render what they had usurped but also to restore Schonen a dangerous neighbour to Coppenhagen in compensation of the manifold losses which they had suffered by their violence Lastly they desired a Peace but would have it general as securest both for their Commerce and their Allies Some time after they required that the Dutch Militia in Denmark might be made up six thousand effective men that the States would furnish them with 24 thousand Crowns every moneth and lend them thirty Ships of War as soon as the Ice was broken to be at the Kings command In lieu of all this they offered the States Drontheym in Norway Malmuyen or Lanskrown in Schonen when they were taken or Gluckstat in Holsteyn as pledges and security for their moneys But the English opposed these Propositions of the Danes not willing to suffer that either the Elbe the Sound or the Northern Navigation should run the hazard of more interruptions so that this was no further insisted upon especially being the English Resident had desired in Writing from the States that they would not accept of any Cities Havens Forts or other places whatsoever before his Superiours had been first acquainted with it The States answer to the Danes except in this particular was very favourable for having sent a great quantity of all manner of Provisions to Coppenhagen they further declared that they would not be wanting in assisting their Confederates It will not be impertinent to add a Catalogue of the Provisions which were to compose a Magazin for the Citizens at Coppenhagen and to be sold to them at reasonable Rates the particulars and prises were 500000 Weight of Cheese cost 29160 Livers or Guilders 300 Tun of Herrings at 40500 Guild 400000 Weight of Stockfish at 28000 Guild 120 Tun of Grout 24840 Guild 120 Tun of Pease at 29160 Guild 135 Tun of Salt at 14610 Guild 800 Firkins of Butter 59200 Guild 400 Hogsheads of Brandy 34080 Guild 500 Hogsheads of Vinegar 10075 Guild 400000 Pound of Bacon at 72000 Guild 100 Ship pound of Hops 4300 Guild 200 Tua of Malt at 23240 Guild 200 Quarts of Train-Oyl 6300 Guild 4000 Pound of Horse-Radish 340 Guild 200 Ames of Rape Oyl 7800 Guild 300 Tun of Beef salied 16600 Guild 10000 Pounds of Candles 3000 Guild 20000 Pound of Tobacco 4000 Guild 200 Tun of Oats at 14000 Guild The whole Sum is 474045 Guild In English moneys 47404 l. 10 s. 00 d. The States also answered Coyets expostulatory speech accusing the Swedes as the causers of the breach of those Leagues and that friendship they so much complained of First they put him in mind how Queen Christina had not only refused them those Succours during the English War which the Crown of Sweden was obliged to send them but had also hindred the transport of the Cannon which they had then bought in Sweden for their use and imprisoned some of their Merchants upon unjust and frivolous pretences They further declared that their usage had not been better since the comming of Charles Gustave the present King to the Crown for that when a Catalogue of those Princes and States which were esteemed Friends and Confederates to the Kingdom of Sweden had been openly read in the Assembly of States they were omitted and wholly left out nay that this King had as Christina had done before when he was pressed to renew the ancient Alliances betwixt the two States declared under pretext of their League with Denmark that he was not at all obliged to observe them They also complained how the Kings Fleet had exacted extraordinary Imposts from their Subjects in the Baltick Sea and how their Embassadours had been detained at Lowenburg against their wills As for the Treaty of Elbing they acknowledged they had demanded a necessary Elucidation not Elusion of some of its Articles the which not being concluded and the Swedes having declared the former Treaties betwixt them not to be obligatory it seemed but reasonable in them to look to their own affairs and to send a Fleet and Souldiers to Dansick as well to secure their Trade as to insure a City which was their Friend and Confederate They added that they were not ignorant with how much industry both Queen Christina and King Charles had not only endeavoured to ruine the good intelligence which was betwixt King Frederick and their State but had also laboured by the accession and assistance of Denmark to exclude them out of the Baltick Sea But being they could not compass it it was no wonder if the States General did assist a Prince who was their Confederate and Friend And yet they professed that when the Peace betwixt the two Northern Crowns was once made they would omit nothing which might conduce to renew and re-establish the ancient Alliances and friendships betwixt the Crown of Sweden and their United Provinces During these transactions the Imperialists and Brandenburgers made havock of all in Pomerania uncontrouled under pretext of diverting the Swedes in their proceedings in Denmark The War in Norway was also carried on with much eagerness but with more variety of success but being these Contests happened out of Denmark however relating to the subject in hand though at a distance I thought good to omit them as well to avoid prolixity as to ease my self especially being the knowledge I had of them was but at second hand I must not however omit to say somewhat of the death of King Charles he having been the only Author of the Siege we mention although prevented by his untimely end from finishing that which he had so vigorously undertaken
and Brandenburger In Sweden there was no subsistence for them to transport them into Pomeren and there take the Field he could not for the Imperial Army was much superiour to his in strength and had already seized the principal Passes of the Country and was absolutely Master of the Campagne And to have put them into Garisons which above two parts in three consisted of Horse the want of forage had ruined them in few days So that now the King of Sweden holds close to Denmark First as a quarter to his Troops Secondly as a place of refuge and security putting himself upon the Defensive as it were intrenched within those Islands not having strength sufficient to appear before his Enemy upon the Terra firma Thirdly as a Gage or Pledge for the restitution of what he had lost in Pomeren And I have reason to believe that as things now stand the War betwixt Denmark and Sweden will hardly be accommodated but by a general Peace In the mean time I humbly conceive that England in the management of this business hath departed from their proper Interest and that upon these following grounds I. We have wholly dis-obliged the Swede who is Englands counterpoise against the Dane and Hollander The Hollander is sure that the Dane will alwayes side with him against England witness the Arrest of our Merchant-men in the Sound in 1653. We ought to be as sure of the Swede and though not to assist him in the conquest of Denmark yet so to have managed the business of a Peace as to have firmly engaged him in our Interests II. We have lost our reputation It had been honourable for England to have maintained the Rotschild Treaty in which we were Mediators But to equip a mighty Fleet of forty of our best men of War and to keep them out at Sea six Months together to the amazement of all our Neighbouring States without effecting any thing failing of our End and Design is wholly inglorious III. We have lost our Expences The King of Sweden never supposed that England would be at all those vast charges without expecting any return from him but freely propounded several advantages in point of Trade and Commerce by way of recompence and amongst others propounded that the Pitch and Tar and the whole growth and production of Sweden which is for the apparel and equipage of Shipping should be sold at a regulated price to English Merchants only by which means London might have become the Staple of those Commodities But we on the contrary have barr'd our selves from accepting any thing of priviledge or advantage though it be only ratione oneris upon the accompt of our expences and so to be considered as a re-imbursement For by the Agreement of the Hague of the fourth of July England is to compel the King of Sweden to admit the States General to the Treaty at Elbing And by the express letter of the Treaty of Elbing the King of Sweden is obliged to admit the people of the United Netherlands to the same priviledges and advantages which he either hath or shall hereafter grant to any other Forraign Nation whatsoever IV. We oblige cour selves to force the King of Sweden to admit the States General to the Elbing Treaty notwithstanding that by that Treaty the former Treaties made betwixt Queen Christina and the States General one at Stockholm 1640 and the other at Suderacre 1645 are expresly renewed and re-confirmed Both which are Treaties of mutual Defence and by vertue of which in case England become hereafter engaged in a War against Holland the King of Sweden will be obliged to assist Holland against us with four thousand men at his own charges V. We have lost our Opportunity of making the Peace England was once in a manner Arbitrator of this whole affair England propounds the Rotschild Treaty as the Medium of the Peace Holland though very unwilling yet is necessitated to assent thereto For to think that Holland who was in actual War with Portugal and Sweden would at the same time break with England when back'd with France especially his most confident Ally the Dane being reduced to that extremity as to become instead of a help a charge and burthen is to suppose that which is Morally and Politically impossible But as the case now stands England is the least in this business all that we pretend to is to be included in the States Generals Treaty of Elbing wherein they are Principals and we but Accessories VI. We play advantages into the hands of the Hollander our Rival State and that only which stands in the eye and aym of England's greatness For besides the Treaty of Elbing which we engage to obtain for him The Hollander obliges us also to see Drontheym restored to the Dane In which the Hollander consults his own utility for Schonen is the Country which the King of Denmark would have restored but the Hollander profits more by Drontheym when in the King of Denmark's hands than the King of Denmark himself both in point of Trade and in Levies of Men For during the late War betwixt England and Holland the Dutch had seldome less than two or three thousand of those Norwegians in the service of their Fleets Besides that the greatest part or the whole of the Revenue of Drontheym is oppignorated to the Merchants of Amsterdam for debt And indeed the whole Kingdom of Denmark is become so obnoxious upon the accompt of vast Debts that it is in a manner at the disposition of Holland The States General have steered an even and direct course to their Interest They have maintained their Ally they have not only secured Denmark from the power of Sweden but secured it to themselves And being secure of Denmark are now assuring Sweden to themselves also having already weakened the near Amity and correspondence which was betwixt England and Sweden Whereas we after all our Expences are so far from being sure of the friendship of either of the Kings that we are sure of the ill-will of both Of the Dane for appearing with an armed Fleet in the Interests of Sweden of the Swede for no sooner appearing but deserting him They have also obtained their Treaty at Elbing which in rigour of justice they could not pretend to for they themselves formerly refused to ratifie it in due time And to crown all they have heightened their reputation by rendring themselves Masters of their Design We on the contrary have lost our Friend lost our Expences lost our Business lost our Reputation From whence I conclude that in the management of this Affair we in England have departed from Our proper Interest FINIS A Catalogue of Books Printed for and are to be Sold by Thomas Basset at the George in Fleet-street near Cliffords-Inn Folio ' s. 1. COsmography in four Books containing the Chorography and History of the whole World and all the principal Kingdoms and Provinces Seas and Isles thereof By P. Heylin Printed 1669
none amongst them that did not seem full of courage and indignation against the unjust proceedings of the enemy The Court being thus appeased and confirmed the King commanded the trumpet to sound to horse and quick messengers to be dispatched into the Country to allarm those horse that were quartered in the neighboring Villages and order their sudden coming to Town which they did with so much diligence that they prevented the enemies speed and precaution In the mean time the Magistrates and chief amongst the Citizens were sent for and enquiry made what was to be expected from them in so imminent a danger The King having aggravated the ambition and perfidie of the Enemy added that they were not now to sight for the recovery of what they had lost but lest they should lose which he abhor'd to think on what they had yet remaining and become the prey and scorn of their insulting foes The Lord Gerstorf great Master of the kingdom proceeded to tell them That there was nothing more glorious for generous spirits than bravely to maintain that duty and that fidelity which they owed by nature and oath to their King and Country They were now reduced to that extremity that they must defend themselves or perish there being no mean betwixt the Enemies ambition and their slavery He did therefore exhort them in his Majesties name to unity and concord amongst themselves to sight like men to arm all that could bear arms and to refusâ— no labour nor nothing that might be required from them for their common defence The Enemy was not so formidable as some men believed nor their condition so despicable but that they might yet hope for an issue suitable to the equity and innocency of their cause if they did not betray it by their own dissentions and infidelity There were some who had apprehended that the Citizens fears might surmount their loyalty which they having understood protested by the mouth of their chief Burgomaster John Nansen that they would expose their lives and what ever was dear to them for the defence of their King and Country and by an example worthy to be transferred to posterity cried out They would dye his Majesties subjects Monsieur Van Beuning Pensionair of Amsterdam then Embassadour from the States General of the United Low-Countries at Court did by his presence and authority which the King of Sweden complained of afterwards as discrepant from the function of an Embassadour extreamly raise the minds of all and exhorting them to a brave defence assured them of speedy succors and relief out of the Low-Countries in case they held out but till it was possible for a fleet to come to their assistance He visited the guards in person and throwing moneys by handful amongst the soldiers did much quicken them by his liberality and promises But that he might hasten those ayds he had so seriously assured them off and lest his passage might be cut off by the Swedish fleet already in sight he immediately went on board and set sail for Holland in a man of war which lay ready in the haven for his transport Owen Joel a Danish Gentleman was sent by the King along with him but deputed to the Elector of Brandenburg to complain of this unjust invasion of the Swedes and to invite him also to his ayd and succour These Embassadors toucht upon the Coasts of Norway in their passage and landing at Flecker acquainted the Governour by word of mouth and the Kings Officers farther off by Letters of the renewing of the wars in Denmark admonishing them to stand upon their guards as well against the surprises as the open violence of the Swedes now their declared enemies Whilest Van Beuning hastens towards Holland strugling against the winds the rumour of the Swedish invasion slew thither before him and having gained belief with them that were most concerned the States voted a fleet and 2000 foot for the present relief of Coppenhagen Van Beuning's arrival quickned these preparations for having demonstrated the danger Denmark was in and the Kings earnest desires for the hastening of the succours added that it was impossible for the City to hold out much above six weeks Hereupon all imaginable speed and care was taken to forward the designed supplies neither could the Swedish Ministers then in Holland with all their skill however they magnified their Masters affection and amity towards the States General divert them from their taken resolution Nay the King himself having dismissed above seventy of their Merchants ships which he had surprised in the Sound wrote to them the 21 of August out of his Camp Aug. 21. in which Letters after an enumeration of the reasons which he said obliged him to continue the war and mention of the ancient confederations betwixt the Crown of Sweden and the United Low-Countries he did solemnly profess that he desired nothing more than the liberty of Commerce and an unviolable friendship with the free Belgick Provinces which he was for his part resolved to persist in and testifie by all arguments of candor and reality if they on their parts would but do the same as it became true confederates and friends But all this was to no purpose for the States sensible what danger might accrew to their Eastern traffick nay many of them judged it quite ruined if Denmark were lost and the very ship-fraught alone was estimated at three hundred and fixty thousand pound sterling a year if the two Northern Crowns were united under one Prince resolved to hinder it by ballancing their forces and aiding still the weaker so that they did not only not change their resolutions but commanded the voted supplies to be made ready with all imaginable speed and in the mean time sent several expresses to the King of Denmark to assure him of the sudden comming of their fleet and forces to his assistance All this while the Danes were busie in fortifying their Town they repair their old works raise new ones where they were defective cleanse and deepen their moats and strengthen their bulworks and curtains with cannons and mortar-pieces and great granadoes lying here and there upon the parapets to be rowled down into the moat upon occasion a very useful and destructive invention and several other offensive and defensive arms No age no sex no quality or order of men were exempt from labour but all were imployed in working or watching the publike danger they were all in requiring their whole endeavours for their common safety The Kings example and presence encouraged all men for he seldom quitted the walls spending the dâ—â— amoâ—gst his soldiers and workmen and that part of the night which his repose required in his pavillion upon the ramparts so that there was no body of so abject a spirit that did not willingly wo travails and dangers where his Prince was his spectator and companion Neither did the King confine his care to Coppenhagen only Cronenburg being looked upon as the most considerable fortress
thereto they will not send to the King of Denmark any assistance further till the issue of Our joynt endeavours for a Peace be seen nor go into those parts with a Fleet to take part with any side which We have also expressed Our self resolved to do And have accordingly given you direction by the fore-going third Instruction And have also desired of them to agree that their Fleet shall not sail into the Sound or Baltick Sea ut remain in some convenient place without in expectation of the Conclusion of the Peace whereunto We hope they will agree and give Instructions to their Admiral to conform thereto and to hold a good and friendly correspondence with you in the management of this business you shall therefore in case you shall either meet with the Fleet of the said Lords the States at Sea by the way thither or shall arrive in the Sound or those parts before them you shall hold a good and friendly Correspondence with them sending to the Admiral upon your first descrying of their Fleet at Sea and letting him know that you are come into those parts to endeavour a Peace between the two Crowns of Sweden and Denmark without taking either side or giving assistance to either if it be possible to make the Peace without it and further that We have ordered the Treaty of Rotschild to be propounded as the Termes of the Peace to be made between them with such alterations as are necessary the management whereof between the two Kings is left by Us to Our Publick Minister upon the place And that you hope he is come with the same mind and intentions and that the Lords his Superiours have given him Instructions to conform thereunto And that he will accordingly declare himself and joyn with you for the making of this Peace upon the terms aforesaid in such a way as may be most likely to effect it and prevent all jealousie between England and the United Provinces whilest these endeavours are on foot And in order thereunto you are to desire the said Admiral That by agreement with you he will not give any assistance to either side either by Men Ships or otherwise nor endeavour to go with his Fleet into Coppenhagen or into the Sound or Baltick Sea lest further Hostility fall out betwixt the Swede and him but that they will remain without the Sound and Belt until it can be seen whether by your joint endeavours a Peace may be concluded betwixt them or until some other certain way of management of this affair may be agreed upon between you and him conducible to the ends aforesaid Engaging likewise to him that you will give no assistance on either side nor remove the station of the Fleet from the place which shall be agreed upon between you until the issue of the Treaty be seen as aforesaid But in case the Admiral or Commander in Chief of the said Dutch Fleet shall not hearken to these terms But shall with their Fleet endeavour to go through the Sound or Belt for the relieving of Coppenhagen assaulting the Swedes Fleet or giving other assistance to the Dane or that the Danes Fleet with the Dutch Ships already there shall endeavour to joyn with the said Fleet of the States General for the purpose aforesaid you shall in any of those cases by way of assistance to the Swede use your force for the hindring thereof 13 Incase you shall find the Dutch Fleet and their new Succours for Denmark to be arrived in those parts before you and that they have relieved Coppenhagen and joyned themselves to the Dane contrary to those intentions and Propositions made in pursuance thereof expressed to Our Resident at the Hague you shall let the Dutch Admiral also know your intentions of coming into those Seas and desire him to joyn with you in the promoting thereof according to the twelfth Instruction But if that be refused or delayed beyond what the nature and condition of affairs will admit you shall give assistance to Sweden upon the Terms before expressed Or if whilest you are debating these things with the Dutch or during the Treaty with Sweden about an assistance any endeavours be used to transport the Forces under the Elector of Brandenburg and to fight the King of Sweden you shall oppose it by force either by your self or in conjunction with Sweden by whomsoever it be attempted 14 And in respect there may many cases fall out wherein We at this distance and upon affairs subject to so great Changes and uncertainties cannot give particular Instructions you are in cases which are omitted or not well explained to have your eye in the determination thereof upon Our General scope which lies in two things to wit the making of a good Peace between the said two Kings wherein we desire a good Correspondence with the Lords the States General and their Forces which shall be in those parts And secondly if it shall please God to bring things to that pass that you shall find your self obliged by the tenour of your Instructions to give assistance unto Sweden that you so manage it that before you engage the Fleet in Action the King of Sweden do agree and Authentickly ratifie the Treaty herewith delivered to you lest that after any part of his work be done he should refuse to do what in justice may be expected from him However for preventing of the transportation of the forces under the Elect. of Brandenburg as aforesaid or for executing your 12th Instruction you are authorized to engage the Fleet although the said Treaty should not be agreed 15 In case that the refractoriness to the Peace shall be on the part of the King of Sweden endeavour shall be used to settle things so with the King of Denmark and the States General that the Treaty betwixt Denmark and this State may he observed and that whatsoever advantages are granted to the States General in point of Trade and Commerce may be likewise granted to this State and the same security given to Us for the performance thereof letting them know that otherwise We shall be obliged to provide for Our own Interest and this We have directed Sir Philip Meadow to transact who shall also follow such advice as you shall think fit to give him therein 16 As to matter of salutes betwixt Our Fleet and the King of Swedens as also for what will be necessary to be agreed touching the manner of your Conjunction with the Swedes in case it shall fall out you joyn with them you are to do therein what shall be found necessary and agreeable to the Honour of this Commonwealth as you in your judgment and direction shall think fit 17 You shall in case of meeting with any Ships of War belonging to any Forreign State in the British Seas take care that the Honour of this Nation be preserved by causing them to strike their Flag and lower their Top-sail as is accustomed and in case of refusal you shall
yet the Land Collonels pretended they ought not obey him which rather than do they proposed to pass in the quality of Passengers but the States undertaking the decision hereof ordered that the Vice-Admiral should preside in Counsels of War on board but should sit below the Collonels at meat in the Cabbin Being under sail De Ruyter had Orders sent him for the above-mentioned convention betwixt the 3 States was signed to use no hostility 22. unless provoked against any whosoever for the space of 3 Weeks not to enter the Sound nor to joyn his Forces to Opdam's during the said time The same Orders were also sent to the two Admirals in Denmark both of them being strictly enjoyned to attempt nothing until the expiration of the said Truce But being the time was wel-nigh expired before the Admirals could have notice of these transactions at so great a distance it was agreed upon that the Truce should take its beginning from the receipt of the Advice and Letters which were sent them De Ruyter therefore being advanced as far as the Islands of Lesow and Anhout came to Anchor where he staid whilest the Embassadours sent by the States General to both the Kings continued their journeys to Cronenburg and Coppenhagen The Dutch for all their vast preparations considering the hazards and consequences of a War wisely thought the way of Mediation the best at least the safest to appease the troubles of the North. They therefore dispatcht their Embassadours to the differing Princes to each two but with a strong Fleet an excellent way of interposing There were who alledged that in case the business came to blows that fighting and the function of Embassadours whose errand was Peace could not square and so would have had them go by Land but that nicety being waved they embarked though not all at once and therefore did not arrive at the same time in the Sound The first being likewise the first in Commission that came to Cronenburg was the Heer Slingland Counsellour and chief Pensioner of Dort He had given the Court notice of his approach before his landing by a Gentleman of his train and Letters to the King Whilest he himself having complemented the English Admiral by another went himself on board him where after a reception equal to his Character he fell into discourse with Montague about the present constitution of affairs though in general termes for the Admiral being not then impowred for the English Embassie was not as yet arrived they did not descend to particulars Slingland being returned to his Ship received late that night an Answer from Court which was that he should be welcom and received according to his dignity There came with this Gentleman another with a complement and civil Letter from the Senator Rosenhaen who brought him also a Pasport which he had not desired and a large Declaration in answer to his Letter which contained a recapitulation of Complaints against the States Generals proceedings and continual thwarting of the Swedes interest But he waved any particular debate thereupon by advice of the other Embassadours designed for Coppenhagen then with him reserving it to the States considerations and orders and being however admitted he was conducted in the Kings Coach with that solemnity which is due to Embassadours to the Lodgings designed for his Reception and three days entertainment The Heer Huybert Counsellour and Secretary to the States of Zealand who had been joynt Colleague with Slingland in Prussia was also joyned with him in Commission here but being he did not Embark as soon as the other and that he spent some time in giving the last Orders to the Chiefs of the Dutch Fleet and in Conference with General Montague upon his he did not arrive in the Sound where his Reception and Audience was the same in substance with the other till three days after But the Heeren Vogelsang Counsellour and Syndick of Amsterdam and Haren a Gentleman of Friesland both but more particularly deputed to the King of Denmark arrived there the same day that Slingland did they as De Huybert also did came in a man of War and saluting the Castle with their great Guns were repayed with the same civility Being landed they were conducted to Court with Ceremony and admitted into the Kings presence told him that the States General were much troubled at the unhappy differences that were risen betwixt the two Nations and that they were and always had been far from any thoughts of hostility against the Crown of Sweden only had not been wanting to their Allies in their extremity according to the Covenants made with them They had therefore sent them their Embassadours to renew their old friendship with their old friends and to endeavour to remove those misunderstandings and animosities which were at present betwixt both Kings The King having answered in order to these particulars though in general terms expressed himself no less desirous of Peace than the States The Embassadours being dismissed returned to their Ship being waited upon thither with the same Ceremony they came the next morning they sailed to Coppenhagen where they were received and treated with as much splendidness as was possible in a Town so long besieged Jun. 11. Amongst other discourse they acquaint the King with the Treaty concluded in the Hague betwixt the three States and seriously invite his Majesty to embrace the same as most agreeing with the present estate of his affairs But the King having thanked them civilly for their former favours protested solemnly that he had rather hazard all than treat upon the foundation of the Rotschild Treaty and that with the exclusion of his Friends and Allies He therefore besought the continuance of their helping hand as the true and safest means to a wished Accommodation Neither was the King of Sweden less averse from that hated Treaty however pressed to accept of it by the other Embassadours at his Court. And yet lest he might seem to do nothing he ordered Commissioners to argue the case with them but their Conferences proved for the most part fruitless and there was no great appearance to put an end to the War in the three Weeks time prefixed by the three States In the interim there was no industry omitted in the Fortifying of Cronenburg the best part of the Town of Elzineur next the Castle was thrown down to make way for the new Works and near a thousand Country people did labour day and night without any intermission in the raising of them Koege Corseur and other places of Denmark were likewise fortified and the Camp before Coppenhagen strengthened by hightening the Walls and enlarging of the Moat By all which it appeared that the Swedes had no mind to be discoursed out of their Conquests and warm Quarters De Ruyter who had hitherto lain betwixt Lesow and Anout in order to the Truce weighed Anchor and being commanded by Opdam came with his Fleet to Sampso that they might joyn with more ease and
at pleasure when the three Weeks were expired Opdam himself lay with his Fleet and some Danish Vessels betwixt Spro and Komps expecting the expiration of the Truce which was yet prolonged for three Weeks more For Monsieur Newport the States Embassadour in England had made a new Cessation with the Usurpers there and that without the knowledge of his Superiours the Counsel of State there having absolutely insisted upon it by reason their Commissioners designed for Denmark were not yet gone and lest any thing might happen before they could get thither prejudicial to the Peace they all so much desired June 13. The States seemed unsatisfied with this unexpected agreement but yet least they might seem likewise averse from thoughts of an Accommodation they approved of it and commanded their Admirals to observe it but with that restriction that they should joyn Forces upon the expiration of the first three Weeks and land their Land Militia in Coppenhagen In the mean time whilest the English Fleet expected new Orders an occasion happened wherein the English did the King of Sweden a singular good turn For 28 sail of Swedish ships very good ones were gone under the Command of young Wrangel into the lesser Belt for the relief of Funen Opdam and De Ruyter being newly joyned in the great Belt were going to surprise this Swedish Fleet the news thereof coming to the English Admiral he presently sailed into the Belt and there found the whole Dutch and Danish Fleet about ninety Sail pursuing the Swedish Fleet and in sight of them But upon discovery of the English Fleet the Dutch tackt and put themselves into the great Belt before the English Fleet and came to an Anchor near Komps Island and the English off the Town of Callenburg in the mean time the Swedes delivered in sight of both Fleets sailed away towards the Isle of Haselin and so for the Sound where the King of Sweden questioned and imprisoned young Wrangel for his ill Conduct The Dutch apprehending the English advance made ready for Fight and the allarm lasted until Montague's Ketch and Letters assured them that they were friends and had no other thoughts but of Amity and Peace Hereupon followed all the demonstrations of kindness on both sides the Generals complementing each other by their Vice-Admirals and the several Officers of the Fleet visiting receiving and feasting each other with all imaginable kindness and civility and now the Cessation being already expired the Chiefs themselves mentioned and concluded a further continuation of it for three Weeks more After both Fleets in the Belt had disputed some ten days the explaining some terms in the Hagues Treaty which the English Admiral made his pretence to go to the relief of the Swedes he weighed Anchor and sailed by Haselin into the Sound and came to an Anchor between Ween Island and Coppenhagen shutting the Dutch our of the Channel and expecting the coming of new Embassadours from England and lying in a Post advantageous to correspond either with Coppenhagen or Elzineur as occasion offered whilest Opdam sailed with his Fleet to Coppenhagen The Danes who languished within their Walls clamoured against these noxious Truces the loss of Naskow heightened their murmurings and complaints justly searing lest the whole burthen of the War might fall upon them whilest the great power of their Confederates seemed but idle Spectators in their Tragedy This moved the King to press the States by re-iterated Messages and intreaties June 24. July 31. that they would not suffer Denmark to be wholly lost and such vast and chargeable preparations to be rendred fruitless by their re-iterated Cessations The Enemy had in them taken all the Islands and Naskow it self in sight of their Fleet so that he had nothing now left but Coppenhagen only and that straitly besieged by Sea and Land He added that the Swedes did fortifie the landing places of Zeland and Funen with all diligence neither had they desisted from assaulting and taking the States own Ships in the lesser Belt by all which it appeared how little hopes there were to bring these to reason by Cessations and Treaties He did therefore earnestly desire them and that by vertue of the League betwixt them that they would send their Generals orders to obey his commands and that until Denmark was delivered from the danger it was in and the Enemy obliged to embrace a desired and equitable Peace July 1.22.22 Carisius the Danish Resident in the Hague urged the same by three several Memorials but all could not perswade the States to recede from their late Conventions with the English and French Monsieur De Thou had told them in their full Assembly that if they did depart from the Treaty which they had concluded with so much difficulty his King would also withdraw from the terms of Mediation and help the King of Sweden according to his agreement with the English with all his power But their greatest apprehensions were from the English as nearest and upon the place not that they feared their Forces for they were themselves double their numbers but lest they should engage in a War which might be easier begun than ended But the apprehensions of the English and the French threats did quickly vanish for both Nations did ratifie the Treaty of the 21 of May and the English Commissioners were daily expected at Elzineur That Bloody Faction the disgrace and Fag end of a Parliament who had murthered their Soveraign had also now cashiered their pretended Protector and having re-usurped a Tyranny over their fellow-subjects and the most noble English Nation swayed and domineered at pleasure and thinking themselves now secure at home extended their ambition the only commendable thing they did to forreign parts Amongst others the affairs of the North seemed most considerable They therefore dispatched three Commissioners thither Collonel Algernoon Sidney Sir Robert Honywood and Mr. Thomas Boon to whom they were pleased to add General Montague as not daring to distrust him because he commanded the Fleet. Though they sent him no new Commission to be Admiral when they did send new ones to all the rest of the Fleet. But they excluded Sir Philip Medow who had hitherto managed the whole Mediation as jealous of his affection to their Government These Embassadours came with Instructions and Orders to mediate a Peace betwixt the warring Kings upon the Basis of the Rotschild Treaty they were also commanded to joyn Counsels and means with the Dutch for the effecting of it according to the tenour of the Hagues Conventions which obliged a mutual communication betwixt the three States These Embassadours arrived at Elzineur with a splendid train where they were received and treated by the Swedes with all manner of civilities and honour the King himself was not there being gone to Naskow June 23. then taken by his forces they therefore stayed there in expectation of his return but to loose no time had daily Conferences with the French and Dutch
of the two Commonwealths had with communication of the French Embassadour framed a Concept or Form which they called a Project and which we will call so hereafter also upon the Basis of the Rotschild Treaty according to the Conventions agreed on at the Hague This Project or Instrument of Peace they first presented to the King of Denmark who received it and requiring time to deliberate upon it promised an answer The Embassadours hereupon went the same day to the Camp and having obtained Steno Bielke the Swedish Embassadours liberty Aug. 28. for he had been thus long detained prisoner at Coppenhagen took him with them fancying that so great a present would render their coming more acceptable Being entred the Kings Lodging and in the Anti-Chamber his Majesty after a little stay came out to them where Collonel Sidney accompanied with all his Colleagues and the Dutch Embassadours for the French had withdrawn himself after a profound Reverence presented him a Rowl of Paper being the aforesaid Project The King asked what Papers they were Sidney answered that they contained the desires of the three States But the King replied with a stern countenance if it be the Project for Peace I will not receive it And adding told the English as for you I will not refuse your Mediation as long as you continue in the terms of friendship but will suffer no Arbitrators And then turning to the Dutch subjoyned as for you being you are my Enemies I absolutely refuse to receive you as Mediators and to them all You make your Projects in your Fleets and I clapping his hand upon his Sword wear mine at my side Having said this he left the Embassadours and turning suddenly from them went to the other side of the room The Dutch Embassadours following him said we are not your Majesties Enemies and shall â—prove your best friends The King looking fiercely upon them answered my Embassadours are unworthily used and you are suffered to go and come at pleasure Slingland replied to this We need fear nothing from a generous Prince and the King abruptly I have no great resentments of generosity for such Enemies The Embassadours would not provoke the offended King any further but retiring with a profound and respectful Reverence left the presence where His Majesty having given Bielke his hand to kiss rallied with his great Officers most of them having been present at this audience upon this unusual rencounter This indignity of offered the Embassadours was seconded with another though not so considerable They were scarce got into their Coaches when it was told them that the Trumpeter who waited upon them was thrown into prison Being surprised with this Novelty they sent me to the King to complain of this violence and breach of the Law of Nations But the Trumpeter was immediately released and his detension excused having happened without the Kings knowledge and done by the Generals command not with an intent to affront the Embassie but because he belonged to the Garrison of Coppenhagen which was very true The Danes were over-joyed with this ill treatment of the Embassadours fancying that the Dutch would now employ their Forces against the common Enemy without any further intermission as well in revenge of their own injuries as to assist their Confederates In the mean time Posts were dispatched into all parts with the news of this encounter the circumstances of it being aggravated according to the several passions of the interessed The States General were most netled at it as being most concerned and did not fail to exaggerate the affront done to the Embassadours of the three States by their Ministers in England and France as an indignity common to them all But the Mediators how ever ill received at their former Audience did not yet despair of a desired issue to their negotiation They knew the King of Sweden was not wholly averse from Peace for he had several times professed he had not espoused his Conquests provided he did not quit them without a compensation but from the manner of compassing it and he was not against the officious intervention of Mediators though he could not endure the Umpirage of their Arbitration The Dutch therefore seeing that he would never admit of their Mediation unless the ancient Correspondence and Amity betwixt him and them were first restored drew a form of reconciliation which should put an end to all their former misunderstandings and Controversies and sending it to Rosenhaen by the French Embassadour wrote also to him that they purposed to come to the Camp to perfect the Treaty of Elbing and its Elucidations and also to endeavour to accommodate the differences betwixt the two Kings But being they perceived that the King of Sweden looked upon the States as parties and their Ministers for that reason as improper for the Negotiation in hand and that it seemed not good to His Majesty to assent to the aforesaid elucidations before the difference betwixt himself and the States General were removed and the ancient friendship betwixt the two Nations restored and being they doubted whether their coming to the Camp at that time might be acceptable or not they thought good to send an Instrument of reconciliation with a promise that they would sign it as soon as the Peace betwixt the two Kings was concluded The day following the Dutch Embassadours being informed that the King had not only laid by his choller but that also he desired their return to his Court sent me to him to know whether their coming to the Camp would be agreeable to his Majesty or not Aug. 31. And whether they should be received according to their dignities in case they came I being returned and having brought word that all was as they desired the Heeren Slingland and Huybert went to the Camp where being civilly received by the Courtiers they were immediatly introduced into the Kings presence where having first condoled with him for the death of the Duke of Holsteyn his father in Law they urged what concerned the illustrations of the Treaty of Elbing the Peace betwixt the two Crowns and the reconciliation betwixt His Majesty and the States General They most insisted upon the present Treaty and pressed the King that he would be pleased to declare himself as to the main heads of it and grant his Letters of safe conduct for the Danish Commissioners in such manner and form as was required The King answered that he desired nothing more than to cultivate the ancient friendship betwixt Sweden and the United Provinces and had therefore sent Coyet his Embassadour Extraordinary into Holland to represent to the States General themselves the candor of his intentions in that particular As for the Peace he was not averse from it provided it were safe and honourable only he believed that the business would advance best if it were carried on by Commissioners of both sides according to the usual method betwixt the Northern Crowns The Conference being done the Embassadours returned to
Coppenhagen being followed by Monsieur Terlon the French Embassadour who brought with him the desired Pasports for the Danish Commissioners There was no little difficulty on both sides about the titles of the two Kings to be inserted in the said Pasports The Danes refused to acknowledge the new Duke of Schonen and the Swedes would not relinquish their acquired honours but a middle way being proposed by the Dutch was embraced by both to wit that King Charles should only write himself King of Sweden and King Frederick only King of Denmark without any further additional titles on either side The Letters of safe Conduct being granted by the Swedes others of the same tenour were required from the Danes which they differring to give under pretence of new difficulties were pressed to it by a Memorial delivered to their King by the Commissioners of the two Commonwealths In it they desired His Majesty Sept. 1. being the Treaty could not begin much less be concluded without the required Pasports for the Swedes Commissioners that he would forthwith grant them lest the procrastination of the so much wished for Peace should lye at his door The King having received this Writing and the Swedes safe Conduct with it sent also his writ in Danish by the Lord Peter Redes one of his Senators to the Mediators with a Declaration wherein he professed that he would send Commissioners to perfect the Peace with the King of Sweden provided the said King would declare his mind concerning the further Contents of the present Declaration But being there were several Clauses in the said Declaration not only offensive to the King of Sweden but also displeasing to the English and Dutch besides the stop it was like to put to the Treaty it self the King was again earnestly desired both by Word and Writing by the Mediators that omitting his late Declaration its conditions and restrictions he would be pleased to send his Commissioners to the place appointed instructed with such powers and authority as should be necessary for the happy Conclusion of the present Negotiation lest which they did abhor to think on they should be necessitated to judge that he had no thoughts of Peace being he refused the means by which it was to be effected The King seeing himself so sharply pressed by the Mediators did at length deliver them a more satisfactory Declaration Sept. 5. whereby he did consent to all that was desired as far as agreeing with the Decrees of the three Sates of the 11 21 of May 14 24 of July and the 25 4 Jul. Aug. The French Embassadour went the same day to the Camp with this Declaration and Letters of safe Conduct and though the Swedes desired some things in them to be changed that was also assented to The day following the Lords Rosenhaen and Bielke came from the Camp and the Lords Pasberg and Magnus Hoeg from the City and met in the Tents pitched about the mid-way betwixt the City and Camp the Deputies of the three States were likewise assisting at this Conference in whose presence the two Kings Commissioners having saluted each other in their proper idioms professed their mutual desires and endeavours for peace the Danes did mainly urge that the most material things should be first treated on and that without delay and having delivered a Paper to the Swedes demanded that being the King of Denmark had been unexpectedly invaded even then when he hoped to enjoy the real effects of the Rotschild treaty that the King of Sweden should forthwith restore unto him all the Provinces Lands Forts Places and moveables which he was obliged to surrender by vertue of the said Treaty 2. That a just and equitable satisfaction be made in lieu of all the vast losses which they had suffered by this last Invasion 3. That the evacuation of all those places to be restored should immediatly follow 4. That all the Danish Captives and such who had been transported out of the Provinces subject to Denmark for the Swedes had pressed and sent some thousands of the Danish youth into Prussia Lieftand and their other remote Conquests should be set at liberty And lastly that the King of Denmarks Confederates should be duly included in this Treaty The Swedes on the other side did urge that a more fit place should be chosen to treat in and that the parties should agree upon the manner and form of treating before they entered upon the business it self As for the Mediators they would not refuse their Amicable intermedling in greater difficulties but if they intended to direct or decide matters by vertue of their Hagues Conventions or any other pretext whatsoever they professed it could not be as being a thing without example and not to be admitted by the Kings themselves without a manifest intrusion upon their dignities and honour Two days after they met again and the Treaty of Rotschild was reassumed and read by the Commissioners of both sides but being there arose several contests about its third Article the explication of it was referred by the Danes to the Mediators these taking hold of the occasion went to the Swedes into their Tents and delivering them the projected Treaty which they had formerly presented their King desired them to recommend it to His Majesty and entreat his speedy answer to it the Swedes Commissioners received the Treaty though not without some difficulty with promise they would present it to His Majesty and enquire into his pleasure concerning it The Dutch Commissioners seeing that the Dayes of Cessation from Arms was past for they were as well Generals as Embassadours wrote to their Admiral Opdam that whereas the King of Sweden had positively refused his Declaration for Peace and that the King of Denmark had satisfied the desires of the three States he should therefore make War upon the Swedes where he could meet with them relieve the City in as much as in him lay with provisions and hasten De Ruyter whom they daily expected with all possible speed In the last Hagues Convention it was agreed that the Plenipotentiaries of both Commonwealths should deliberate and determine amongst themselves what force and what number of Ships they thought sufficient to carry on the design in Denmark and that the rest as superfluous and extream expensive should be sent to their respective homes again the truth was the Dutch Embassadours had Orders not to dismiss above twenty of their Ships nor those but with this precaution that the remaining should be sufficient to execute the Convention of the twenty fourth of July neither should the said Ships be Licensed but with the English not before them and by no means after them and that the number of the dismissed Vessels should by no means exceed that of the English but if possible be less The English ignorant of this pressed that the precise number of Ships which were to Winter in Denmark should be determined but being the Dutch seemed unwilling to divide their Fleet as
their holds But the Winter being advanced and the Ice having rendered the ways and fields passable they skirmished attacked and made sallies upon each other with various success and fortune In November the Danish Horse fell upon a Guard of the Swedes betwixt the Town and their Camp which they surprised killing and taking above sixty of them The Month following thirty stout fellowes of the Garrison slipt out in a Boat and by favour of the night landed near the Paper mills a Dutch mile from the City they hid themselves in a Wood all the following day but the darkness being come they went to Fredericksburg a pleasant and sumptuous House of the Kings and breaking open the Stables took away eight and twenty good horses belonging to the King of Sweden and mounting them got safe with them for all the Enemies pursuit to Coppenhagen the lucky temerity of a Lieutenant being one of the afore-mentioned Fugitives was no less remarkable who stealing out of the Town by night passed all the Enemies stations undiscovered and coming to Rotschild surprised the Guards there and brought some twenty Horse with him back into the Town these small successes did much heighten the besieged who as it is usual in such encounters began to contemn the Enemy and hope for greater advantages which they attempted though not with the like facility as we shall see hereafter During these doings in Denmark it will not be from the purpose to observe what happened elsewhere in order to them King Charles was not ignorant how many difficulties and what great obstacles the Netherlanders had opposed to his proceedings how violently they had acted against him and what further resistance he might expect from them unless they were diverted He had therefore dispatched Monsieur Coyet his Embassadour extraordinary to the States General some moneths since to endeavour to remove those jealousies which obliged this wary Nation to interest themselves in the transactions of their Neighbours Whilest Coyet was hastening for Holland in a Zeland States man of War he had like to have been shipwrackt upon the dangerous shores of Anhout for his Vessel being thrown upon a ridge of Sand by the violence of the tempest stuck there immoveable save its fearful rocking by the reciprocation of those Waves which threatned its ruine every moment Coyet saved himself in a Merchant ship which accidentally passed that way and many of the Seamen having tied a number of empty Casks together with ropes changed one danger for another But the Captain being resolved to perish with his ship did yet what he could to save both He threw all his heaviest Cannon and luggage over-boord and so lightened his Vessel that the Wind turning Northwards it was lift up with the Waters and so got off its unhappy station and returned contrary to the expectation of all men back to Elzineur And certainly so brave a man as this Captain whose name is Adrian Bankert a Zealander deserves to be mentioned in our Relation especially having signalized himself once before by saving his Ship It happened that having the out-watch before the Haven of Coppenhagen his Cables being cut in peeces by the Ice he was carried away with the stream and sholes as far as the little Island of Ween and so near the shore that he stuck fast in the Sands The Swedes eager of the prey which they thought assured sent two men of War and several armed Boats to seize upon him but finding more resistance than they had imagined they raised a Battery on Land and so attacked him on all sides at once but Bankert defended himself so well that he sunk the Enemies fire-ship battered their Battery on shore and treated the rest so rudely that they were forced to retire and suffer him to get off which he did in safety Coyet notwithstanding his former danger went aboard the same Ship again which being repaired he set sail and arrived in Holland in November following The Danish and Brandenburgish Ministers did all they could to hinder his Reception and Audience not forgetting to put the States in mind of the injuries and affronts which the King of Sweden had so lately done to their Embassadours in Denmark But all they could do Nov. 25. could not unmask the States so far as to oblige them to declare open War against Sweden though they otherwise incommodated it by all the means they could imagine a publick rupture had not been advisable being the English Fleet there and the English and French nearer home were reasonably to be apprehended besides they thought it below their accustomary prudence only to crack the Shell whilest their Allies went away with the Kernel all the Conquests they could hope for in those parts being but a liberty of Commerce which they were surer of in the dismembring of the Sound than in a plenary restauration of Denmark to its pristine greatness which had formerly so much perplexed and troubled their Navigation Besides all this there was anotheer weighty reason why Coyet should be admitted which was to render their Neutrality faster and their interposing less suspect being therefore received with the usual Ceremonies and admitted to Audience he laid before them the ancient Leagues and Confederations betwixt the two Nations and how religiously they had been observed on the Swedes part which the present King Charles Custave had not only sacredly kept hitherto but had also obliged himself by the late Treaty at Ething which contained most advantagious conditions for the Dutch to do so for the future He could not therefore but wonder to see that the same was not ratified by them which the credit of some men who preferred their own passion and lucre before the good of their Countrey and hitherto hindered and how ever he had consented to an enlarging and explaining of the said Treaty to their own desire yet it took no effect for the States had for all these amicable Concessions sent their Fleet to Dansick to thwart his Designes in Poland and instead of assisting of him against the invading Danes with those supplies which they were obliged to by their Leagues with him and his Predecessours they did not scruple to favour the King of Denmark in his unjust endeavours against him Nay they had so far contemned and rejected his friendship who had suffered near a hundred of their Merchant-men which he had in his power in the Sound to pass untouched or molested that they had after the manner of professed Enemies sent a Fleet of War to assault and oppress him He did therefore seriously complain of this ill-treating and violation of friendship especially being he had omitted nothing on his part for the conservation of a good understanding betwixt them and that they on the contrary had flown into open acts of violence and hostility without so much as trying the wayes of Peace For all this the King had sent him to declare his most secret intentions to them to explain those things which their Deputies in
maintain that Peace wherein they had been joint Mediators The issue of my Negotiations was this The K. of Denmark absolutely refused to treat sperately with Sweden the K. of Sweden declares himself willing to treat but not willing to accept of the Rotschild Treaty as the terms and conditions of the Peace Pretending that this would be tacitly to accuse His last enterprise upon Denmark of injustice for if the Dane gave the occasion of the War by entring into new practises and combinations with his Enemies after the former Peace made which he avers they did though both Kings as is usual in such cases highly protest the right of their Cause and the justice of their Armes then sayes he I ought to have better security for the future that the Dane by an innate animosity and desire of revenge fomented by other States start not out upon every occasion to traverse my designs and work me mischief when they shall find me intangled in a remote War as formerly in Poland especially being contiguous with Sweden and so most capable of doing me hurt Besides that He pretended satisfaction for the loss of Thoren and a considerable part of Prussia occasioned by this diversion of his Arms in Denmark As also for the loss of these opportunities in Germany during the vacancy of the Empire which He might have improved by the presence of His Army in those parts and the assistance of France and his other Allies either to have turned aside the Succession from the House of Austria his Hereditary Enemy or to have capitulated advantages for himself with the Emperour that was to be Elected or at least wise to have prevented the conjunction and confederacy betwixt the now Emperour and the Electour of Brandenburg Many other difficulties lay in the way of the Rotschild Treaty amongst which it was not the least that the King had already disposed of to the Officers of his Court and Army the Lands in Schonen and Bleking which by the Treaty of Rotschild are reserved to their respective Proprietors viz. the Danish Nobility However after many instances and solicitations together with the advantage of the Report which was about this time confirmed from all hands that the Peace betwixt France and Spain was intended in good earnest which might probably oblige England to retire home their forces for their own security and slacken any assistance from France and so Sweden left alone to contest with so many Enemies His Majesty began at last to hearken to the Proposition of the Rotschild Treaty and by a Paper in writing signed by His Commissioners bearing date the 21 of April in answer to a former Memorial of mine expresly accepted the said Treaty but then subjoyned to the words of acceptance a provisional clause of better security than what was formerly granted him by the bare disposition of the Rotschild Treaty Which clause I not being satisfied with as that which might be interpreted as elusory of the fore-going words His Majesty soon after declared to me that as to point of future security He would acquiess in the special Garranty of England and France which I had power also to offer Him on the part of England In pursuance of the Instructions sent upon the Fleet under General Mountague and the better to facilitate the work of the Peace by engaging the States General to act in Consort with England and France A Treaty was concluded at the Hague the 11 of May 1659. Betwixt the three States in order to re-establish a Peace betwixt the two Northern Kings upon the root and foundation of the Rotschild Treaty There Weeks time was limited to the Negotiation of the publick Ministers upon the place after the expiration of which Term neither England nor the States were to assist either of the Kings who should refuse the Peace during his refusal The King of Sweden though unbeknown to the States General had already assented to treat upon the foot and foundation of the Rotschild Treaty his safe Conducts prepared his Commissioners nominated I as Mediator propounded Fredericksburg for the place of the Treaty which the King also accepted The Dutch Deputies Extraordinary from the States General to the two Kings who arrived about this time made their instances and applications to his Majesty of Denmark as I had formerly also done to draw from him a suitable concurrence to the Rotschild Treaty But that King still persisted in the same resolution not to treat separately but propounded an Universal Treaty at which the Ministers of his respective Allies and Confederates might be present and to this end nominated Lubec for the place of a general Assembly I urged upon the Dutch Deputies the fourth Article of the Treaty of the Hague wherein 't is covenanted that no assistance was to be given to the Prince that should refuse a Peace upon just and reasonable conditions which reasonable conditions are by the first Article to be expounded the Treaty at Rotschild Now he who refuses to treat which in this case according to the sense of the three Estates was to treat separately refuses a Peace upon what conditions soever The Deputies were at accord with me that His Majesty of Denmark continuing in that resolution their Fleets could no longer assist him and wrote to General Opdam their Commander in chief to the same effect who at that time was with his Fleet in the Belt He notwithstanding continued still to favour under-hand the Dane but durst not so vigorously and openly assist him as otherwise he would partly by reason of the contrary Advise and Orders which he had received from the Deputies of the States but more especially because over-awed by the presence of the English Fleet. This suspension of Assistance on the part of the Hollander though the English Fleet remained Neutral and acted nothing onely obliged the other to the performance of Covenants gave the Swede some considerable advantages who upon this opportunity reduced the Isles of Moenen Falster and Laland together with the capital Town of Naskow under his obedience The truth is the Dutch Deputies found themselves engaged in some difficulties for whereas they supposed that the King of Sweden would have been the refuser of the Treaty and consequently the English Fleet bound up from giving him any Assistance which was the main thing they aimed at and the King of Denmark the accepter and consequently the Dutch Fleet at liberty to assist him they found the quite contrary and so had tied up their own hands by their Treaty made at the Hague This was the state of Affairs in the Northern parts at the time of the Change of the Government here in England and the Parliaments being restored to their former authority And this was the true season of ripening things to a conclusion and if the Negotiation had continued still in the same train and method that is if the Parliament had either immediately sent new powers to me to act according to my former Instructions viz.
the Rotschild Treaty or forthwith dispatched some other person or persons to pursue the same it had certainly issued to a Peace For England France Sweden yea and Holland too being at accord concerning the Medium of the Peace it was not possible that the Dane should stand it out long But no persons appearing from England and I having no authorities from the Parliament the Dutch Deputies began to seek evasions When I urged upon them that they ought not to assist the refusing King their only Reply was this that by the first Article of the Treaty at the Hague the Ministers upon the place were to use their utmost diligence and endeavour with both the Kings which said they I had done with the King of Sweden but not with the King of Denmark which was a meer shift because they knew I could not at that time go to Coppenhagen being destitute of Creditives And now they held themselves no longer obliged by the Treaty at the Hague but de Ruyter with a new Fleet of forty men of War enters the Belt joyns with Admiral Opdam passes on to Coppenhagen all which was expresly against the letter of the said Treaty True it is that about the middle of June 1659 I received a Letter from the Councel of State directed to my self authorizing me to continue my Negotiation with the two Kings as formerly till further order from the Parliament or Councel of State but I neither had Creditives nor Commission nor any thing to exhibit to either of the Kings whereby to constitute and legitimate me as the publick Minister of this Commonwealth And now the Negotiation for the Peace was at a long pause and our Fleet in the mean time at an Anchor in the Sound Only because His Majesty of Denmark had always insisted upon an Universal Treaty in reference to a general Peace His Majesty of Sweden gave me a Declaration in writing which I sent to the Councel of State June the 28 in which he also declared himself willing to treat a general Peace This he did of his own accord not at my instance for all my Instructions directad me only to a particular Treaty betwixt the 2 Crowns His Majesty told me moreover that in case England and France would obtain for him a general Peace in which said Peace he propounded to himself no more than that things betwixt Him the Emperour and the Electour of Brandenburg should return to their former estate without any further demands on either side and for the Pole he should only give him some equitable recompence for the places he should surrender to him in Pruss He would not only admit the Dane to the Rotschild Treaty but release something considerable in the said Treaty in consideration of a general Peace But in case of a separate Treaty with Denmark he would remit nothing of the Rotschild Treaty The 20. of July 1659. The Commissioners Plenipotentiary arrived in the Sound which was three months after the Change of the Government here in England I was put out of the Commission for the Mediation and had Creditives sent me only as Resident A little before this viz. the fourth of the said Moneth a new Treaty was made at the Hague by which the King of Sweden was to restore not only what he had gaine upon the Dane by this last War but also the Island of Bruntholm with the Government of Drontheym in Norway with all its appurtenances a Country of near 200 English miles extent which was formerly granted him by the Rotschild Treaty and by authentick Acts of State incorporated in the Crown of Sweden Besides the remission of the 400000 Ryxdollers which the Dane had formerly promised to pay for satisfaction of damages done to the Swede in Guinea The King of Sweden was also to admit the States General to the Treaty made at Elbing and the Elucidations thereof made at Thoren and both States viz. England and Holland reciprocally oblige themselves not only not to assist the refuser but to compel by joynt force of Arms to an acceptance of the foresaid conditions And thus the State of Affairs was quite altered and new obstacles interposed in the way of the Peace For I. Both Kings were highly dis-satisfied with this manner of proceeding For whereas the first Treaty at the Hague of the eleventh of May was never propounded to either of the Kings as that which should bind or oblige them but only made use of by Me as a private Instruction this was not only publikely propounded but was to be obtruded by a compulsory force England and Holland making themselves not Mediators but Umpires and Arbitrators of the quarrel betwixt the two Kings which they interpreted to a diminution of their Soveraignty by erecting a superiority over them But the King of Sweden was most of all disgusted because England without any concert or communication had with him enters into a Treaty with his open Enemies for so at that time he reputed the States General to impose upon him by a conjoint force Laws and Conditions which he judges altogether unreasonable II. Whereas the King of Sweden had already accepted of the Rotschild Treaty conform to the Agreement made at the Hague of the eleventh of May though not under the notion and formality of the Treaty at the Hague as obligatory upon him but as the counsel and advice of England his faithful Allies and upon the King of Denmark's refusal had in prosecution of the War gained notable advantages upon him the King of Sweden expected both to have profited by his acceptance of the Peace at the instance of England and by the advantages of the War he having after the refusal of the King of Denmark reduced Moenen Falster and Laland Whereas a new Treaty is made at the Hague of the fourth of July in prejudice of the accepting King to clog the Peace on his part with new and burdensome conditions and these to be forcibly imposed upon him in favour of the Refuser Besides that England recoils from their own Agreement and sayes the King as they have made a second so they may still make a third and a fourth Treaty at the Hague III. The tedious and unnecessary delayes which have been used have been a great obstruction in the way of the Peace For if the Peace betwixt the two Crowns had been concluded in the Spring of the year the King of Sweden had had time enough to have transported his Army into Pomeren to have taken the Campagn there to have prevented the infal of the Imperial Army and to have provided Winter quarters for his Troops But the Summer being almost pass'd before the arrival of the Plenipotentiaries and the Peace to be begun anew upon another foot which would necessarily require some longer time The King of Sweden was to seek what to have done with his Army to disband them was not reasonable because though he had made Peace with Denmark yet he had still War with the Emperour Pole