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their_o politic_n by_o so_o eager_o affect_v a_o peace_n with_o that_o crown_n and_o in_o their_o religion_n by_o be_v general_o arminian_n which_o be_v esteem_v the_o middle_a part_n between_o the_o calvinist_n and_o the_o roman_a religion_n and_o beside_o these_o mutual_a reproach_n the_o two_o party_n have_v ever_o value_v themselves_o upon_o the_o assert_v one_o of_o the_o true_a and_o pure_a reform_a religion_n and_o the_o other_o of_o the_o true_a and_o free_a liberty_n of_o the_o state_n the_o fortune_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n that_o have_v happen_v in_o their_o war_n or_o negotiation_n since_o the_o truce_n with_o spain_n and_o what_o circumstance_n or_o accident_n both_o abroad_o and_o at_o home_n serve_v to_o cultivate_v their_o mighty_a growth_n and_o conspire_v to_o the_o greatness_n wherein_o they_o appear_v to_o the_o world_n in_o the_o
mutual_a trust_n among_o private_a man_n so_o it_o can_v grow_v or_o thrive_v to_o any_o great_a degree_n without_o a_o confidence_n both_o of_o public_a and_o private_a safety_n and_o consequent_o a_o trust_n in_o the_o government_n from_o a_o opinion_n of_o its_o strength_n wisdom_n and_o justice_n which_o must_v be_v ground_v either_o upon_o the_o personal_a virtue_n and_o quality_n of_o a_o prince_n or_o else_o upon_o the_o constitution_n and_o order_n of_o a_o state_n it_o appear_v to_o every_o man_n eye_n who_o have_v travel_v holland_n and_o observe_v the_o number_n and_o vicinity_n of_o their_o great_a and_o populous_a town_n and_o village_n with_o the_o prodigious_a improvement_n of_o almost_o every_o spot_n of_o ground_n in_o the_o country_n and_o the_o great_a multitude_n constant_o employ_v in_o their_o ship_n abroad_o and_o their_o boat_n at_o home_n that_o no_o other_o know_v country_n in_o the_o world_n of_o the_o same_o extent_n hold_v any_o proportion_n with_o this_o in_o number_n of_o people_n and_o if_o that_o be_v the_o great_a foundation_n of_o trade_n the_o best_a account_n that_o can_v be_v give_v of_o they_o will_v be_v by_o consider_v the_o cause_n and_o accident_n that_o have_v serve_v to_o force_v or_o invite_v so_o vast_a a_o confluence_n of_o people_n into_o their_o country_n in_o the_o first_o rank_n may_v be_v place_v the_o civil-war_n calamity_n persecution_n oppression_n or_o discontent_n that_o have_v be_v so_o fatal_a to_o most_o of_o their_o neighbour_n for_o some_o time_n before_o as_o well_o as_o since_o their_o state_n begin_v the_o persecution_n for_o matter_n of_o religion_n in_o germany_n under_o charles_n the_o five_o in_o france_n under_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o in_o england_n under_o queen_n mary_n force_v great_a number_n of_o people_n out_o of_o all_o those_o country_n to_o shelter_v themselves_o in_o the_o several_a town_n of_o the_o seventeen_o province_n where_o the_o ancient_a liberty_n of_o the_o country_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o city_n have_v be_v inviolate_a under_o so_o long_a a_o succession_n of_o prince_n and_o give_v protection_n to_o these_o oppress_a stranger_n who_o fill_v their_o city_n both_o with_o people_n and_o trade_n and_o raise_v antwerp_n to_o such_o a_o height_n and_o renown_n as_o continue_v till_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n arrival_n in_o the_o low-countries_n the_o fright_n of_o this_o man_n and_o the_o order_n he_o bring_v and_o army_n to_o execute_v they_o begin_v to_o scatter_v the_o flock_n of_o people_n that_o for_o some_o time_n have_v be_v nest_v there_o so_o as_o in_o very_a few_o month_n above_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o family_n remove_v out_o of_o the_o country_n but_o when_o the_o seven_o province_n unite_v and_o begin_v to_o defend_v themselves_o with_o success_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n and_o the_o countenance_n of_o england_n and_o france_n and_o the_o persecution_n for_o religion_n begin_v to_o grow_v sharp_a in_o the_o spanish_a province_n all_o the_o professor_n of_o the_o reform_a religion_n and_o hater_n of_o the_o spanish_a dominion_n retire_v into_o the_o strong_a city_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n and_o give_v the_o same_o date_n to_o the_o growth_n of_o trade_n there_o and_o the_o decay_n of_o it_o at_o antwerp_n the_o long_a civil-war_n at_o first_o of_o france_n then_o of_o germany_n and_o last_o of_o england_n serve_v to_o increase_v the_o swarm_n in_o this_o country_n not_o only_o by_o such_o as_o be_v persecute_v at_o home_n but_o great_a number_n of_o peaceable_a man_n who_o come_v here_o to_o seek_v for_o quiet_a in_o their_o life_n and_o safety_n in_o their_o possession_n or_o trade_n like_o those_o bird_n that_o upon_o the_o approach_n of_o a_o rough_a winter-season_n leave_v the_o country_n where_o they_o be_v bear_v and_o breed_v fly_v away_o to_o some_o kind_a and_o soft_a climate_n and_o never_o return_v till_o the_o frost_n be_v past_a and_o the_o wind_n be_v lay_v at_o home_n the_o invitation_n these_o people_n have_v to_o fix_v rather_o in_o holland_n than_o in_o many_o better_a country_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v at_o first_o the_o great_a strength_n of_o their_o town_n which_o by_o their_o maritime_a situation_n and_o the_o low_a flatness_n of_o their_o country_n can_v with_o their_o sluice_n overflow_v all_o the_o ground_n about_o they_o at_o such_o distance_n as_o to_o become_v inaccessible_a to_o any_o land-force_n and_o this_o natural_a strength_n have_v be_v improve_v especial_o at_o amsterdam_n by_o all_o the_o art_n and_o expense_n that_o can_v any_o way_n contribute_v towards_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o place_n next_o be_v the_o constitution_n of_o their_o government_n by_o which_o neither_o the_o states-general_n nor_o the_o prince_n have_v any_o power_n to_o invade_v any_o man_n person_n or_o property_n within_o the_o precinct_n of_o their_o city_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v fear_v that_o the_o senate_n of_o any_o town_n shall_v conspire_v to_o any_o such_o violence_n nor_o if_o they_o do_v can_v they_o possible_o execute_v it_o have_v no_o soldier_n in_o their_o pay_n and_o the_o burgher_n only_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o town_n and_o execution_n of_o all_o civil_a justice_n among_o they_o these_o circumstance_n give_v so_o great_a a_o credit_n to_o the_o bank_n of_o amsterdam_n and_o that_o be_v another_o invitation_n for_o people_n to_o come_v and_o lodge_v here_o what_o part_n of_o their_o money_n they_o can_v transport_v and_o know_v no_o way_n of_o secure_v at_o home_n nor_o do_v those_o people_n only_o lodge_v money_n here_o who_o come_v over_o into_o the_o country_n but_o many_o more_o who_o never_o leave_v their_o own_o though_o they_o provide_v for_o a_o retreat_n or_o against_o a_o storm_n and_o think_v no_o place_n so_o secure_a as_o this_o nor_o from_o whence_o they_o may_v so_o easy_o draw_v their_o money_n into_o any_o part_n of_o the_o world_n another_o circumstance_n be_v the_o general_a liberty_n and_o ease_n not_o only_o in_o point_n of_o conscience_n but_o all_o other_o that_o serve_v to_o the_o commodiousness_n and_o quiet_a of_o life_n every_o man_n follow_v his_o own_o way_n mind_v his_o own_o business_n and_o little_o inquire_v into_o other_o man_n which_o i_o suppose_v happen_v by_o so_o great_a a_o concourse_n of_o people_n of_o several_a nation_n different_a religion_n and_o custom_n as_o leave_v nothing_o strange_a or_o new_a and_o by_o the_o general_a humour_n bend_v all_o upon_o industry_n whereas_o curiosity_n be_v only_o proper_a to_o idle_a man_n beside_o it_o have_v ever_o be_v the_o great_a principle_n of_o their_o state_n run_v through_o all_o their_o province_n and_o city_n even_o with_o emulation_n to_o make_v their_o country_n the_o common_a refuge_n of_o all_o miserable_a man_n from_o who_o protection_n hardly_o any_o alliance_n treaty_n or_o interest_n have_v ever_o be_v able_a to_o divert_v or_o remove_v they_o so_o as_o during_o the_o great_a dependence_n this_o state_n have_v upon_o france_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o all_o the_o person_n disgrace_v at_o that_o court_n or_o banish_v that_o country_n make_v this_o their_o common_a retreat_n nor_o can_v the_o state_n ever_o be_v prevail_v with_o by_o any_o instance_n of_o the_o french_a ambassador_n to_o refuse_v they_o the_o use_n and_o liberty_n of_o common_a life_n and_o air_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o their_o government_n this_o firmness_n in_o the_o state_n have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o circumstance_n that_o have_v invite_v so_o many_o unhappy_a man_n out_o of_o all_o their_o neighbourhood_n and_o indeed_o from_o most_o part_n of_o europe_n to_o shelter_v themselves_o from_o the_o blow_n of_o justice_n or_o of_o fortune_n nor_o indeed_o do_v any_o country_n seem_v so_o proper_a to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o upon_o such_o occasion_n not_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o safety_n but_o as_o a_o place_n that_o hold_v so_o constant_a and_o easy_a correspondency_n with_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o whither_o any_o man_n may_v draw_v whatever_o money_n he_o have_v at_o his_o disposal_n in_o any_o other_o place_n where_o neither_o riches_n expose_v man_n to_o danger_n nor_o poverty_n to_o contempt_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a where_o parsimony_n be_v honourable_a whether_o it_o be_v necessary_a or_o no_o and_o he_o that_o be_v force_v by_o his_o fortune_n to_o live_v low_a may_v here_o alone_o live_v in_o fashion_n and_o upon_o equal_a term_n in_o appearance_n abroad_o with_o the_o chief_a of_o their_o minister_n and_o rich_a of_o their_o merchant_n nor_o be_v it_o easy_o imagine_v how_o great_a a_o effect_n this_o constitution_n among_o they_o may_v in_o course_n of_o time_n have_v have_v upon_o the_o increase_n both_o of_o their_o people_n and_o their_o trade_n as_o the_o two_o first_o invitation_n of_o people_n into_o this_o country_n be_v the_o strength_n of_o their_o
and_o bold_a army_n be_v able_a to_o withstand_v the_o torrent_n of_o a_o stubborn_a and_o enrage_a people_n which_o ever_o bear_v all_o down_o before_o it_o till_o it_o come_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o different_a channel_n by_o art_n or_o by_o chance_n or_o till_o the_o spring_n which_o be_v the_o humour_n that_o feed_v it_o come_v to_o be_v spend_v or_o dry_v up_o of_o themselves_o the_o foreign_a force_n refuse_v to_o depart_v be_v declare_v rebel_n whereupon_o the_o spanish_a troop_n force_n and_o plunder_v several_a town_n and_o antwerp_n among_o the_o rest_n by_o advantage_n of_o the_o citadel_n with_o equal_a courage_n and_o avarice_n and_o defend_v themselves_o in_o several_a hold_n from_o the_o force_n of_o the_o state_n till_o don_n john_n arrival_n at_o luxenburgh_n the_o only_a town_n of_o the_o province_n where_o he_o think_v himself_o safe_a as_o not_o involve_v in_o the_o defection_n of_o the_o rest_n the_o estate_n refuse_v to_o admit_v he_o without_o his_o accept_n and_o confirm_v the_o pacification_n of_o ghent_n which_o at_o length_n he_o do_v by_o leave_n from_o the_o king_n and_o enter_v upon_o the_o government_n with_o the_o dismission_n of_o all_o foreign_a troop_n which_o return_v into_o italy_n but_o soon_o after_o don_n john_n whether_o out_o of_o indignation_n to_o see_v himself_o but_o a_o precarious_a governor_n without_o force_n or_o dependence_n or_o desire_v new_a occasion_n of_o fame_n by_o a_o war_n or_o instruct_v from_o spain_n upon_o new_a counsel_n he_o take_v the_o occasion_n of_o complement_a queen_n margaret_n upon_o her_o journey_n out_o of_o france_n to_o the_o spa_n and_o on_o a_o sudden_a seize_v upon_o the_o castle_n of_o namur_n whereupon_o the_o province_n for_o the_o three_o time_n throw_v off_o their_o obedience_n call_v the_o prince_n of_o orange_n to_o brussels_n where_o he_o be_v make_v protector_n of_o brabant_n by_o the_o state_n of_o that_o province_n and_o preparation_n be_v make_v on_o both_o side_n for_o the_o war_n while_o spain_n be_v busy_a to_o form_v new_a army_n and_o draw_v they_o together_o in_o namur_n and_o luxenburgh_n the_o only_a province_n obedient_a to_o that_o crown_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n agree_v to_o elect_v a_o governor_n of_o their_o own_o and_o send_v to_o mathias_n the_o emperor_n brother_n to_o offer_v he_o the_o charge_n at_o this_o time_n begin_v to_o be_v form_v the_o malecontent-party_n in_o the_o low-countries_n which_o though_o agree_n with_o the_o rest_n in_o their_o hatred_n to_o the_o spaniard_n and_o defence_n of_o their_o liberty_n and_o law_n yet_o be_v not_o incline_v to_o shake_v off_o their_o allegiance_n to_o their_o prince_n nor_o change_v their_o old_a and_o establish_a religion_n and_o these_o be_v head_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o areschot_n and_o several_a great_a man_n the_o more_o averse_a from_o a_o general_a defection_n by_o emulation_n or_o envy_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n his_o greatness_n who_o be_v now_o grow_v to_o have_v all_o the_o influence_n and_o credit_n in_o the_o counsel_n of_o the_o league_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o this_o party_n after_o don_n john_n sudden_a death_n the_o duke_n of_o parma_n succeed_v he_o gainded_z strength_n and_o reputation_n upon_o his_o come_n to_o the_o government_n and_o a_o entrance_n upon_o that_o great_a scene_n of_o glory_n and_o victory_n which_o make_v both_o his_o person_n so_o renown_v and_o the_o time_n of_o his_o government_n signallize_v by_o so_o many_o sieges_n and_o battle_n and_o the_o reduction_n of_o so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o province_n to_o the_o subjection_n of_o spain_n upon_o the_o growth_n of_o this_o party_n and_o for_o distinction_n from_o they_o who_o pursue_v a_o middle_a and_o dangerous_a council_n be_v at_o length_n to_o become_v a_o accession_n to_o one_o of_o the_o extreme_n the_o seven_o northern_a province_n meet_v by_o their_o deputy_n at_o utrecht_n in_o the_o year_n 1579_o frame_v that_o act_n or_o alliance_n which_o be_v ever_o after_o call_v the_o union_n of_o utrecht_n and_o be_v the_o original_a constitution_n and_o frame_n of_o that_o commonwealth_n which_o have_v since_o be_v so_o well_o know_v in_o the_o world_n by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n this_o union_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o spaniard_n breach_n of_o the_o pacification_n of_o ghent_n and_o new_a invasion_n of_o some_o town_n in_o gelderland_n and_o be_v not_o pretend_v to_o divide_v these_o province_n from_o the_o generality_n nor_o from_o the_o say_a pacification_n but_o to_o strengthen_v and_o pursue_v the_o end_n of_o it_o by_o more_o vigorous_a and_o unite_a counsel_n and_o arms._n the_o chief_a force_n of_o this_o union_n consist_v in_o these_o point_n draw_v out_o of_o the_o instrument_n itself_o the_o seven_o province_n unite_v themselves_o so_o as_o if_o they_o be_v but_o one_o province_n and_o so_o as_o never_o to_o be_v divide_v by_o testament_n donation_n exchange_n sale_n or_o agreement_n reserve_v to_o each_o particular_a province_n and_o city_n all_o privilege_n right_n custom_n and_o statute_n in_o adjudge_v whereof_o or_o difference_n that_o shall_v arise_v between_o any_o of_o the_o province_n the_o rest_n shall_v not_o intermeddle_v further_o than_o to_o intercede_v towards_o a_o agreement_n they_o bind_v themselves_o to_o assist_v one_o another_o with_o life_n and_o fortune_n against_o all_o force_n and_o assault_v make_v upon_o any_o of_o they_o whether_o upon_o pretence_n of_o royal_a majesty_n of_o restore_a catholic_a religion_n or_o any_o other_o whatsoever_o all_o frontier-town_n belong_v to_o the_o union_n if_o old_a to_o be_v fortify_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o province_n where_o they_o lie_v if_o new_a to_o be_v erect_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o generality_n all_o impost_n and_o custom_n from_o three_o month_n to_o three_o month_n to_o be_v offer_v to_o they_o that_o bid_v most_o and_o with_o the_o income_n of_o the_o royal_a majesty_n to_o be_v employ_v for_o the_o common_a defence_n all_o inhabitant_n to_o be_v list_a and_o train_v within_o a_o month_n from_o 18_o to_o 60_o year_n old_a peace_n and_o war_n not_o to_o be_v make_v without_o consent_n of_o all_o the_o province_n other_o case_n that_o concern_v the_o management_n of_o both_o by_o most_o voice_n difference_n that_o shall_v arise_v upon_o the_o first_o between_o the_o province_n to_o be_v submit_v to_o the_o stadtholder_n neighbouring-prince_n lord_n land_n and_o city_n to_o be_v admit_v into_o the_o union_n by_o consent_n of_o the_o province_n for_o religion_n those_o of_o holland_n and_o zealand_n to_o act_v in_o it_o as_o seem_v good_a unto_o themselves_o the_o other_o province_n may_v regulate_v themselves_o according_a to_o the_o tenor_n establish_v by_o mathias_n or_o else_o as_o they_o shall_v judge_n to_o be_v most_o for_o the_o peace_n and_o welfare_n of_o their_o particular_a province_n provide_v every_o one_o remain_v free_a in_o his_o religion_n and_o no_o man_n be_v examine_v or_o entrap_v for_o that_o cause_n according_a to_o the_o pacification_n of_o ghent_n in_o case_n of_o any_o dissension_n or_o difference_n between_o province_n if_o it_o concern_v one_o in_o particular_a it_o shall_v be_v accommodate_v by_o the_o other_o if_o it_o concern_v all_o in_o general_n by_o the_o stadtholder_n in_o both_o which_o case_n sentence_n to_o be_v pronounce_v within_o a_o month_n and_o without_o appeal_n or_o revision_n the_o state_n to_o be_v hold_v as_o have_v be_v former_o use_v and_o the_o mint_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o shall_v hereafter_o be_v agree_v by_o all_o the_o province_n interpretation_n of_o these_o article_n to_o remain_v in_o the_o state_n but_o in_o case_n of_o their_o difference_n in_o the_o stadtholder_n they_o bind_v themselves_o to_o fall_v upon_o and_o imprison_v any_o that_o shall_v act_v contrary_a to_o these_o article_n in_o which_o case_n no_o privilege_n nor_o exemption_n to_o be_v valid_a this_o act_n be_v sign_v by_o the_o deputy_n of_o gelderland_n zutphen_n holland_n zealand_n utrecht_n and_o the_o omland_n of_o freeze_v jan._n 23_o 1579_o but_o be_v not_o sign_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n till_o may_n follow_v and_o with_o this_o signification_n judge_v that_o by_o the_o same_o the_o superiority_n and_o authority_n of_o archduke_n mathias_n be_v not_o lessen_v in_o the_o same_o year_n this_o union_n be_v enter_v and_o sign_v by_o the_o city_n of_o ghent_n nimmegue_n arnhem_n leewarden_n with_o some_o particular_a noble_n of_o frizeland_n venlo_n yper_n antwerp_n breda_n and_o bruges_n and_o thus_o these_o province_n become_v a_o commonwealth_n but_o in_o so_o low_a and_o uncertain_a a_o state_n of_o affair_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o various_a motion_n and_o affection_n of_o man_n mind_n the_o different_a end_n and_o interest_n of_o the_o several_a party_n especial_o in_o the_o other_o province_n and_o the_o mighty_a power_n and_o preparation_n of_o
former_a war_n but_o while_o albert_n bend_v the_o whole_a force_n of_o the_o war_n upon_o france_n till_o he_o determine_v it_o in_o a_o peace_n with_o that_o crown_n prince_n maurice_n who_o have_v take_v groningue_n in_o the_o time_n of_o ernest_n now_o master_v linghen_n groll_n and_o other_o place_n in_o overyssel_n thereby_o add_v those_o province_n entire_a to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o union_n and_o at_o albert_n return_n into_o flanders_n entertain_v he_o with_o the_o battle_n of_o newport_n win_v by_o the_o desperate_a courage_n of_o the_o english_a under_o sir_n francis_n vere_n where_o albert_n be_v wound_v and_o very_a near_o be_v take_v after_o this_o loss_n the_o archduke_n be_v yet_o comfort_v and_o relieve_v by_o the_o obsequious_a affection_n and_o obedience_n of_o his_o new_a subject_n so_o far_o as_o to_o resolve_v upon_o the_o siege_n of_o ostend_n which_o have_v some_o time_n continue_v and_o be_v almost_o dishearten_v by_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o place_n and_o invincible_a courage_n of_o the_o defendant_n he_o be_v recruit_v by_o a_o body_n of_o eight_o thousand_o italian_n under_o the_o marquis_n spinola_n to_o who_o the_o prosecution_n of_o this_o siege_n be_v commit_v he_o take_v the_o place_n after_o three_o year_n siege_n not_o by_o any_o want_n of_o man_n or_o provision_n within_o the_o haven_n and_o relief_n by_o sea_n be_v open_a all_o the_o time_n but_o perfect_o for_o want_v of_o ground_n which_o be_v gain_v foot_n by_o foot_n till_o not_o so_o much_o be_v leave_v as_o will_v hold_v man_n to_o defend_v it_o a_o great_a example_n how_o impossible_a it_o be_v to_o defend_v any_o town_n that_o can_v be_v relieve_v by_o a_o army_n strong_a enough_o to_o raise_v the_o siege_n prince_n maurice_n though_o he_o can_v not_o save_v ostend_n make_v yet_o amends_o for_o its_o loss_n by_o the_o take_n of_o grave_a and_o sluice_n so_o as_o the_o spaniard_n gain_v little_a but_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o enterprise_n and_o philip_n the_o second_o be_v dead_a about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o archduke_n and_o duchess_n arrival_n in_o flanders_n and_o with_o he_o the_o personal_a resentment_n of_o that_o war_n the_o archduke_n by_o consent_n of_o the_o spanish_a court_n begin_v to_o apply_v his_o thought_n whole_o to_o a_o peace_n which_o another_o circumstance_n have_v make_v more_o necessary_a than_o any_o of_o those_o already_o mention_v as_o the_o dutch_a commonwealth_n be_v bear_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n so_o out_o of_o the_o same_o element_n it_o draw_v its_o first_o strength_n and_o consideration_n as_o well_o as_o afterward_o its_o riches_n and_o greatness_n for_o before_o the_o revolt_n the_o subject_n of_o the_o low-countries_n though_o never_o allow_v the_o trade_n of_o the_o indies_n but_o in_o the_o spanish_a fleet_n and_o under_o spanish_a covert_n yet_o many_o of_o they_o have_v in_o that_o manner_n make_v the_o voyage_n and_o become_v skilful_a pilot_n as_o well_o as_o verse_v in_o the_o way_n and_o sensible_a of_o the_o infinite_a gain_n of_o that_o trade_n and_o after_o the_o union_n a_o great_a confluence_n of_o people_n fall_v down_o into_o the_o unite_a province_n than_o can_v manage_v their_o stock_n or_o find_v employment_n at_o land_n great_a multitude_n turn_v their_o endeavour_n to_o sea_n and_o have_v lose_v the_o trade_n of_o spain_n and_o the_o straits_n fall_v not_o only_o into_o that_o of_o england_n france_n and_o the_o northern_a sea_n but_o venture_v upon_o that_o of_o the_o east-indies_n at_o first_o with_o small_a force_n and_o success_n but_o in_o course_n of_o time_n and_o by_o the_o institution_n of_o a_o east-india_n company_n this_o come_v to_o be_v pursue_v with_o so_o general_a application_n of_o the_o province_n and_o so_o great_a advantage_n that_o they_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o most_o of_o the_o colony_n and_o fort_n plant_v there_o by_o the_o portuguess_n now_o subject_n of_o spain_n the_o dutch_a seaman_n grow_v as_o well_o acquaint_v with_o those_o 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these_o respect_n give_v the_o first_o rise_v to_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n the_o proposal_n whereof_o come_v whole_o from_o the_o spaniard_n and_o the_o very_a mention_n of_o it_o can_v hardly_o at_o first_o be_v fasten_v upon_o the_o state_n nor_o can_v they_o ever_o be_v prevail_v with_o to_o make_v way_n for_o any_o negotiation_n by_o a_o suspension_n of_o arm_n till_o the_o archduke_n have_v declare_v he_o will_v treat_v with_o they_o as_o with_o free_a province_n upon_o who_o neither_o he_o nor_o spain_n have_v any_o pretence_n however_o the_o affair_n be_v pursue_v with_o so_o much_o art_n and_o industry_n on_o the_o archduke_n part_n and_o with_o so_o passionate_a desire_n of_o the_o spanish_a court_n to_o end_v this_o war_n that_o they_o be_v content_a to_o treat_v it_o at_o the_o hague_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o states-general_n and_o for_o the_o great_a honour_n and_o better_a conduct_n of_o the_o whole_a business_n appoint_v the_o four_o chief_a minister_n of_o the_o archduke_n their_o commissioner_n to_o attend_v and_o pursue_v it_o there_o who_o be_v their_o camp-master-general_n spinola_n the_o precedent_n of_o the_o council_n and_o the_o two_o secretary_n of_o state_n and_o of_o war_n in_o flanders_n on_o the_o other_o side_n in_o holland_n all_o the_o pace_n towards_o this_o treaty_n be_v make_v with_o great_a coldness_n and_o arrogance_n raise_v punctillious-difficulty_n upon_o every_o word_n of_o the_o archduke_n declaration_n of_o treat_v they_o as_o free_a province_n and_o upon_o spain_n ratification_n of_o that_o form_n and_o force_v they_o to_o send_v express_v into_o spain_n upon_o every_o occasion_n and_o to_o attend_v the_o length_n of_o those_o return_n for_o the_o prosperous_a success_n of_o their_o arm_n at_o land_n in_o the_o course_n of_o above_o thirty_o year_n war_n and_o the_o mighty_a growth_n of_o their_o naval_a power_n and_o under_o that_o protection_n of_o their_o trade_n have_v make_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o their_o militia_n both_o at_o land_n and_o sea_n averse_a from_o this_o treaty_n as_o well_o as_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o people_n who_o inveterate_a hatred_n against_o spain_n be_v still_o as_o fierce_a as_o ever_o and_o who_o have_v the_o hope_n or_o disposition_n of_o raise_v their_o fortune_n by_o the_o war_n of_o which_o they_o have_v so_o many_o and_o great_a example_n among_o they_o but_o there_o be_v at_o the_o bottom_n one_o foreign_a and_o another_o domestic_a consideration_n which_o make_v way_n for_o this_o treaty_n more_o than_o all_o those_o argument_n that_o be_v the_o common_a theme_n or_o than_o all_o the_o office_n of_o the_o neighbour-prince_n who_o concern_v themselves_o in_o this_o affair_n either_o from_o interest_n of_o their_o own_o or_o the_o desire_n of_o end_v a_o war_n which_o have_v so_o long_o exercise_v in_o a_o manner_n the_o arm_n of_o all_o christendom_n upon_o the_o stage_n of_o the_o low-countries_n the_o greatness_n of_o the_o spanish_a monarchy_n so_o formidable_a under_o charles_n the_o five_o and_o philip_n the_o second_o begin_v now_o to_o decline_v by_o the_o vast_a design_n and_o unfortunate_a event_n of_o so_o many_o ambitious_a counsel_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o affair_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o of_o france_n be_v now_o at_o the_o great_a height_n and_o felicity_n after_o have_v achieve_v so_o many_o adventure_n with_o incredible_a constancy_n and_o valour_n and_o end_v all_o his_o war_n in_o a_o peace_n with_o spain_n the_o dutch_a imagine_v that_o the_o hot_a spirit_n of_o the_o french_a can_v not_o continue_v long_o without_o some_o exercise_n and_o that_o to_o prevent_v it_o at_o home_n it_o may_v be_v necessary_a for_o that_o king_n to_o give_v it_o they_o abroad_o that_o no_o enterprise_n lay_v so_o convenient_a for_o he_o as_o that_o upon_o flanders_n which_o have_v ancient_o be_v part_n of_o the_o gallic_a nation_n and_o who_o first_o prince_n
according_a to_o their_o different_a or_o agree_a custom_n to_o the_o states-general_n every_o one_o send_v their_o deputy_n in_o what_o number_n they_o please_v some_o two_o some_o ten_o or_o twelve_o which_o make_v no_o difference_n because_o all_o matter_n be_v carry_v not_o by_o the_o vote_n of_o person_n but_o of_o province_n and_o all_o the_o deputy_n from_o one_o province_n how_o few_o or_o many_o soever_o have_v one_o single_a vote_n the_o province_n differ_v likewise_o in_o the_o time_n fix_v for_o their_o deputation_n some_o send_n for_o a_o year_n some_o for_o more_o and_o other_o for_o life_n the_o province_n of_o holland_n send_v to_o the_o states-general_n one_o of_o their_o noble_n who_o be_v perpetual_a two_o deputy_n choose_v out_o of_o their_o eight_o chief_a town_n and_o one_o out_o of_o north-holland_n and_o with_o these_o two_o of_o their_o provincial_a council_n of_o state_n and_o their_o pensioner_n neither_o stadtholder_n or_o governor_n or_o any_o person_n in_o military-charge_n have_v session_n in_o the_o states-general_n every_o province_n preside_v their_o week_n in_o turn_n and_o by_o the_o most_o qualify_a person_n of_o the_o deputy_n of_o that_o province_n he_o sit_v in_o a_o chair_n with_o arm_n at_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o long_a table_n capable_a of_o hold_v about_o thirty_o person_n for_o about_o that_o number_n this_o council_n be_v usual_o compose_v of_o the_o greffier_n who_o be_v in_o nature_n of_o a_o secretary_n sit_v at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o table_n when_o a_o foreign_a minister_n have_v audience_n he_o be_v seat_v at_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o table_n over-against_o the_o precedent_n who_o propose_v all_o matter_n in_o this_o assembly_n make_v the_o greffier_n read_v all_o paper_n put_v the_o question_n call_v the_o voice_n of_o the_o province_n and_o form_n the_o conclusion_n or_o if_o he_o refuse_v to_o conclude_v according_a to_o the_o plurality_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o resign_v his_o place_n to_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o ensue_a week_n who_o conclude_v for_o he_o this_o be_v the_o course_n in_o all_o affair_n before_o they_o except_o in_o case_n of_o peace_n and_o war_n of_o foreign_a alliance_n of_o raise_v or_o coin_v of_o money_n or_o the_o privilege_n of_o each_o province_n or_o member_n of_o the_o union_n in_o all_o which_o all_o the_o province_n must_v concur_v plurality_n be_v not_o at_o all_o weigh_v or_o observe_v this_o counsel_n be_v not_o sovereign_a but_o only_o represent_v the_o sovereignty_n and_o therefore_o though_o ambassador_n be_v both_o receive_v and_o send_v in_o their_o name_n yet_o neither_o be_v their_o own_o choose_a nor_o foreign_a minister_n answer_v nor_o any_o of_o those_o mention_a affair_n resolve_v without_o consult_v first_o the_o state_n of_o each_o province_n by_o their_o respective_a deputy_n and_o receive_v order_n from_o they_o and_o in_o other_o important_a matter_n though_o decide_v by_o plurality_n they_o frequent_o consult_v with_o the_o council_n of_o state_n nor_o have_v this_o method_n or_o constitution_n ever_o be_v break_v since_o their_o state_n begin_v except_v only_o in_o one_o affair_n which_o be_v in_o january_n 1668_o when_o his_o majesty_n send_v i_o over_o to_o propose_v a_o league_n of_o mutual_a defence_n with_o this_o state_n and_o another_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o flanders_n from_o the_o invasion_n of_o france_n which_o have_v already_o conquer_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o spanish_a province_n and_o leave_v the_o rest_n at_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o next_o campania_n upon_o this_o occasion_n i_o have_v the_o fortune_n to_o prevail_v with_o the_o states-general_n to_o conclude_v three_o treaty_n and_o upon_o they_o draw_v up_o and_o sign_v the_o several_a instrument_n in_o the_o space_n of_o five_o day_n without_o pass_v the_o essential_a form_n of_o their_o government_n by_o any_o recourse_n to_o the_o province_n which_o must_v likewise_o have_v have_v it_o to_o the_o several_a city_n there_o i_o know_v those_o foreign_a minister_n who_o duty_n and_o interest_n it_o be_v to_o oppose_v this_o affair_n expect_v to_o meet_v and_o to_o elude_v it_o which_o can_v not_o have_v fail_v in_o case_n it_o have_v run_v that_o circle_n since_o engage_v the_o voice_n of_o one_o city_n must_v have_v break_v it_o it_o be_v true_a that_o in_o conclude_v these_o alliance_n without_o commission_n from_o their_o principal_n the_o deputy_n of_o the_o states-general_n venture_v their_o head_n if_o they_o have_v be_v disow_v by_o their_o province_n but_o be_v all_o unanimous_a and_o lead_v by_o the_o clear_a evidence_n of_o so_o direct_a and_o so_o important_a a_o interest_n which_o must_v have_v be_v lose_v by_o the_o usual_a delay_n they_o all_o agree_v to_o run_v the_o hazard_n and_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v disow_v that_o they_o be_v applaud_v by_o all_o the_o member_n of_o every_o province_n have_v thereby_o change_v the_o whole_a face_n of_o affair_n in_o christendom_n and_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o triple-alliance_n and_o the_o peace_n of_o aix_n which_o be_v conclude_v about_o four_o month_n after_o so_o great_a have_v the_o force_n of_o reason_n and_o interest_n ever_o prove_v in_o this_o state_n not_o only_o to_o the_o unite_n of_o all_o voice_n in_o their_o assembly_n but_o to_o the_o absolve_v of_o the_o great_a breach_n of_o their_o original_a constitution_n even_o in_o a_o state_n who_o safety_n and_o greatness_n have_v be_v chief_o found_v upon_o the_o severe_a and_o exact_a observance_n of_o order_n and_o method_n in_o all_o their_o counsel_n and_o execution_n nor_o have_v they_o ever_o use_v at_o any_o other_o time_n any_o great_a mean_n to_o agree_v and_o unite_v the_o several_a member_n of_o their_o union_n in_o the_o resolution_n necessary_a upon_o the_o most_o press_a occasion_n than_o for_o the_o agreeing-province_n to_o name_v some_o of_o their_o able_a person_n to_o go_v and_o confer_v with_o the_o dissent_v and_o represent_v those_o reason_n and_o interest_n by_o which_o they_o have_v be_v induce_v to_o their_o opinion_n the_o council_n of_o state_n be_v compose_v of_o deputy_n from_o the_o several_a province_n but_o after_o another_o manner_n than_o the_o states-general_n the_o number_n be_v fix_v gelderland_n send_v two_o holland_n three_o zealand_n and_o utrecht_n two_o a_o piece_n friezland_n overyssel_n and_o groninghen_n each_o of_o they_o one_o make_v in_o all_o twelve_o they_o vote_v not_o by_o province_n but_o by_o personal_a voice_n and_o every_o deputy_n preside_v by_o turn_n in_o this_o council_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n have_v session_n and_o a_o decisive_a voice_n and_o the_o treasurer-general_n session_n but_o a_o voice_n only_o deliberative_a yet_o he_o have_v much_o credit_n here_o be_v for_o life_n and_o so_o be_v the_o person_n depute_v to_o this_o council_n from_o the_o noble_n of_o holland_n and_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o province_n of_o zealand_n the_o rest_n be_v but_o 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venetian_a fleet_n and_o disperse_v into_o most_o of_o the_o part_n of_o europe_n and_o in_o those_o time_n we_o find_v the_o whole_a trade_n of_o england_n be_v drive_v by_o venetian_n florentine_n and_o lombard_n the_o easterling_n who_o be_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o hans-town_n as_o dantzic_n lubeick_n hamburgh_n and_o other_o upon_o that_o coast_n fall_v next_o into_o trade_n and_o manage_v all_o that_o of_o these_o northern_a part_n for_o many_o year_n and_o bring_v it_o first_o down_n to_o bruges_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o antwerp_n the_o first_o navigation_n of_o the_o portuguess_n to_o the_o east-indies_n break_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o venetian_a trade_n and_o draw_v it_o to_o lisbon_n and_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o netherlands_o that_o of_o antwerp_n to_o holland_n but_o in_o all_o this_o time_n the_o other_o and_o great_a nation_n of_o europe_n concern_v themselves_o little_a in_o it_o their_o trade_n be_v war_n their_o counsel_n and_o erterprise_n be_v busy_v 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another_o chapter_n and_o make_v the_o burgher_n of_o so_o little_a moment_n towards_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o town_n whereas_o in_o the_o famous_a sieges_n of_o harlem_n alemar_n and_o leyden_n they_o have_v make_v such_o brave_a and_o fierce_a defence_n as_o break_v the_o heart_n of_o the_o spanish_a army_n and_o the_o fortune_n of_o their_o affair_n next_o be_v the_o peace_n of_o munster_n which_o have_v leave_v they_o now_o for_o above_o twenty_o year_n too_o secure_a of_o all_o invasion_n or_o enemy_n at_o land_n and_o so_o turn_v their_o whole_a application_n to_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o force_n at_o sea_n which_o have_v be_v since_o exercise_v with_o two_o english_a war_n in_o that_o time_n and_o enliven_v with_o the_o small_a yearly_a expedition_n into_o the_o straits_n against_o the_o algerines_n and_o other_o corsair_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a another_o be_v their_o too_o great_a parsimony_n in_o reform_v so_o many_o of_o their_o best_a foreign_a officer_n and_o 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the_o rest_n of_o their_o time_n and_o thought_n to_o the_o divertisement_n of_o their_o life_n yet_o these_o when_o they_o attain_v great_a wealth_n choose_v to_o breed_v up_o their_o son_n in_o the_o way_n and_o marry_v their_o daughter_n into_o the_o family_n of_o those_o other_o most_o general_o credit_v in_o their_o town_n and_o verse_v in_o their_o magistracy_n and_o thereby_o introduce_v their_o family_n into_o the_o way_n of_o government_n and_o honour_n which_o consist_v not_o here_o in_o title_n but_o in_o public_a employment_n the_o next_o rank_n among_o they_o be_v that_o of_o their_o gentleman_n or_o noble_n who_o in_o the_o province_n of_o holland_n to_o which_o i_o chief_o confine_v these_o observation_n be_v very_o few_o most_o of_o the_o family_n have_v be_v extinguish_v in_o the_o long_a war_n with_o spain_n but_o those_o that_o remain_v be_v in_o a_o manner_n all_o employ_v in_o the_o military_a or_o civil_a charge_n of_o the_o province_n or_o state_n these_o be_v 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