Selected quad for the lemma: state_n
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A13726
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The historie of Italie a boke excedyng profitable to be redde: because it intreateth of the astate of many and diuers common weales, how thei haue ben, [and] now be gouerned.
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Thomas, William, Clerk of the Council to Edward VI.
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1549
(1549)
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STC 24018; ESTC S118381
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242,070
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462
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house ¶ This Cecco was borne in Calabria of verie lowe degree But through his wisedome he became noble and of so good credite with Francesco Sforza that he gouerned most thynges in Millaine ¶ Finally whan Galeazo was deade to the entente that Giouanni might the more quietly enioy the dominion he sente away his other brethern into exile But at length Lodouico Moro vncle to Giouanni was reuoked by the people and ineontinently vpon his retourne Cecco beheaded and Bianca the mother exiled ¶ After whiche time Giouanni remayned in the astate aboutes .xii. yeres But his proufe was so simple that in maner by force he committed the rule of all thynges to Lodouico By whose meanes as he that was not yet contented some say Giouanni at length was poisoned and died in Pauia leauyng issue a sonne called Francesco Sforza begotten on his wife Isabella doughter of Alfonso kyng of Naples ¶ Now incontinently as Giouanni was deade this Lodouico Moro bothe of the people and also by consent of the emperour Maximilian was proclaymed Duke and shortely after maried his neece Bianca doughter of his brother Galeazo vnto the same Maximilian takyng also vpon him the protection of his nephew the yonge Francesco Sforza and of his mother Isabella ¶ Than maried he Beatrice the doughter of Ercole Duke of Ferrara and begatte on hir Francesco Sforza with a secounde sonne in whose birth the mother died ¶ This Moro was a wittie man of veray gooo disposicion and one that delited muche in the administracion of iustice in peintyng and in cunnyng men ¶ In the beginnyng of his astate he entred in amytee with the Florentines the Senese the Bologniese with Ercole da Este with the Marques of Mantua with Lewis kyng of Fraunce and with Alfonso kyng of Naples But lyke as he was easy to enter into frendeship so for a trifle wolde he sodeinly breake with the best of theim ¶ He helped Charles Duke of Sauoy against Lodouico Marques of Saluzzo and confined his brother the Cardinall Ascanio because in Ferrara he had practised diuers new thynges against him ¶ He toke Boccalino by siege that had rebelled against the Romayne churche and therby gratyfied the bishop of Rome ¶ With his great policie he recouered Genoa that before had rebelled against him He founde the meanes to bryng Charles the .viii. Frenche kyng into Italy to expulse kyng Alfonso out of Naples because he had before taken him for his ennemie for sekyng to mainteigne the astate of Giouanni the sonne of Galeazo againste him ¶ This comyng of the Frenche kynge not onely annoied Alfonso but also troubled all Italy ¶ Finally he made warre against the Uenetians which dured till that after the death of kynge Charles Lewys succeded in the realme of Fraunce who hated so muche this Duke Moro that beyng entred in leage with the Uenetians Moro was constreigned to flee into Almaine where he remained whilest the Frenchemen toke Millaine and the Uenetians Cremona and Gieradadda How be it not longe after the Frenchemen through their yll gouernaunce were driuen from Millaine and Lodouico reuoked home out of Douchelande who after his arriuall takyng Neuara and trauaylyng to chace the Frenche men out of Italy was betraied of the Douchemen and bothe he and Ascanio taken and ledde into Fraunce where finally he died ¶ This Lodouico reignyng in his dominion vsed to answere them that counsailed him to encrease his treasure with taxes and tallages that the office of a good shepeherde was to shere his sheepe and not to flaie theim ¶ Thus Lodouico Moro taken and deade as is beforesaied his sonne Francesco shortely after the battaill of Rauenna beyng than but tender of yeres was astablished Duke of Millaine by the emperours meanes and continued in the astate till the comyng of Fraunces the Frenche kynge into Italy who with the helpe of the Uenetians chaced him away and gatte the state of Millaine by force leauyng Mounser de Lautrech gouernour of the same so that Francesco Sforza withdrew him to Trent and there remained till the Frenche men through their tyranny and yll gouernaunce became so hated of the Milanese that at length they were chased away and Francesco reuoked home though in effect he enioyed it not longe For the Frenche kynge shortly after with a great power came in his owne person into Italy and so chaced Francesco againe out of the state of Millaine and prospered muche in his warres there vntill the iourney of Pauia where he with many of his nobles were taken prisoners After whiche discomfiture Francesco Sforza by the emperours fauour was ones again restored to the Douchie of Millaine and continued in the same till through enuy and malyce of some piâ—â—ethankes the emperour was vniustly persuaded that the saied Francesco was not so faithfull towardes his maiestee as his goodnesse had merited so that the emperour conceiuyng an vnkyndenesse and a mistrust in hym constreigned him by force not onely to habandone Millaine but also for his saufegarde to flee into the castell whiche after a verie longe siege he yelded vnto the imperialles to departe freely with bagge and baggage ¶ And so beyng letted of the imperialles from goyng to Como where he entended to sodgiourne tyll he might cleere his innocency towardes the emperour in maneâ— halfe desperate he agreed with the Frenche men drew to the campe of the leage that than was made against the emperour ¶ Finally he went vnto Cremona till after the taking of sainct Polo the Frenchemens dooynges in Italie went all to wracke Wherfore seeyng the emperour Charles the .v. that nowe is come to Bologna to bee crowned he went simplie thither vnto hym and there submittyng hym selfe with iust excuses recouered his magistees fauour with restitucion of the astate of Myllaine vpon these condicions folowyng That the Duke shoulde marie the emperours neece daughter of the kynge of Denmarke and of the emperours syster that he shoulde paie the emperour nine hundreth thousande duckates in tenne yeres by equall porcions And finally that diyng without issue he should leaue his astate of inheritaunce to the emperour ¶ Incontinently vpon which agrement Alexandro Bentiuogli as vice Duke with diuers other officers were sent to Myllaine to leauey the fyrste paiemente of this money whiche was easily gathered vp For the Mylanese couetyng the retourne of theyr Duke whom for his gentill and temperate gouernance in tymes past thei hertilie loued sticked not to streigne them selfes for his reliefe in suche wyse that thoughe theyr customes and taxes were doubled by reason of these paiementes yet theyr hope of better life to come vnder their Duke made theim not to esteeme theyr present charges ¶ Than came themperours neece the daughter of Denmarke to Myllaine and there was most solemnely receiued with infinite triumphes and finally maried to the Duke in presence of the Cardinall of Mantua with suche feastes and plaies afterwardes as so great a mariage requyred ¶ But ere a yere went about the Duke through
firste mocion the alteracion of that palaice from his olde facion ¶ Whan Mocenigo was deade Fraunces Foscaro entered into the astate â–ª who beyng praied thervnto entred in league with the Florentines againste Philip Duke of Myllaine and sente Carmignuola theyr capitaine to Bressa whiche by meane of intelligence was soone gotten though the forteresse helde a certeine space On the other syde the Florentines toke Nicolos da Este marchese of Ferrara for their capitaine and sente hym into the territorie of the Genowaies where was gotten no small booties So that Duke Phillip thus troubled fearyng leaste the countrey of Romagnia shoulde returne to the Florentines dominion yelded vp the fame to the vse of the churche of Rome into the handes of the legate of Bononia and for aduoidyng of further inconuenience caused the same legate to procure him a peace whiche was sooner obteined than well obserued For Phillip encouraged with the money and large offers of the Mylanese wolde not suffer the articles to be obserued â–ª and inuadyng the Mantuane territorie prouoked his ennemies the colleges to renewe their power with whiche and by the power of the generall Carmignuola the Duke receiued such a discomfiture besides Terentiano with losse of his cariage plate and money that if Carmignuola had folowed the victorie he had ben lyke enough to haue driuen Phillip out of his Duchie ¶ Finally after sundrie conclusions and breaches at last a full peace was concluded that Bergamo and Bressa with their apportenaunces shoulde remaine to the Uenetians Cremona with his territory should be geuen to Sforza for the dower of his wife Bianca doughter to Phillip Romaningo with the fortresses of Gieradadda to be restored to Phillip by the Uenetians Pâ—schiera and Lanado onely excepted that Conzaga shoulde haue the reste of the Mantuane confines and that in those quarters Legniago Porto Riua Torboli Penetra and Rauenna shoulde remaine to the Uenetians That within the terme of two yeres Nicolas Piccinino should restore Bononia to the churche That Astorre di Faenza shuld deliuer vnto the Florentines their fortresses and finallie that Phillip shoulde no more meddle with the Genowaies ¶ This peace satisfied all the colleges the bishop of Romes legate onely excepted whose parte in Bononia semed nothyng honourable in this behalfe ¶ Duryng these businesses in Lumbardie the Turkes assaulted Thessalonica a citee of the Uenetians in Macedonia and by force toke it â–ª with Iames Dandolo and Andrea Donato gouernours of the same ¶ Not longe after Andrea Dandolo was sent ambassodour vnto the Soldan of Aegypt to excuse the senate of Uenice for the takyng of certaine of his vesselles without theyr consent ¶ In this time the water in maner drowned all Uenice so that whan the floudde was past the hurt that it had doen was esteemed aboue a myllion of golde ¶ The daughter of the kynge of Arragon wife of Lionello da Este of Ferrara came to see Uenice and the furie of the people was so great to see hir that they brake the bridge of the Rialto in the fall wherof .xx. men were slaine besides a noumbre maimed and hurte ¶ Eugenius the bishop of Rome impacient that Piccinino shoulde so longe kepe Bononia entred in league with Alfonso kyng of Naples and with Duke Philip against Sforza and so renuyng the warres in Italie the Bologniese thorough helpe of the Uenetians and Florentines recouered theyr libertee and for aduauntage gatte diuers of theyr enemies castels By meane wherof Phillip fell in hand againe with the Uenetians and Florentines that came to theyr succour so that theyr capitaine Michelle Attendulo fought with hym besides Casale Maggiore put hym to flight toke foure thousande horse of his ranne to the gates of Myllaine and brought Phillip so low that besides Myllaine he had no more lefte but Crema and Lodi Wherfore he sought peace of new but it woulde not be graunted hym ¶ This meane time Iames Foscaro son vnto the Duke for certeine his ill demeanours was twise confined into Candia and there died ¶ Than Sforza takyng parte with Duke Phillip loste Casale Maggiore and the Marca d' Ancona that the bishop of Rome toke from him but finally Phillip diseased bothe with a feuer and the fluxe died ¶ Incontinently vpon whose death Lodi and Vicenza submitted theim selfes to the Uenetians Wherfore Sforza capitaine of the Milanese came with an army to Vicenza toke it and sacked it And Aâ—tendulo on the other syde wasted a great part of the Milanese vntill suche tyme as Sforza agreed hym with the Uenetians to haue .4000 men and .13000 duckates of yerely prouision vntill he myght gette the state of Myllaine promisyng theim whan he were Duke he would be contented to renounce to theim all that that Phillip had gotten on that syde the riuer of Adda So that whan Sforza obteined the state of Myllaine whiche happened shortly after he obserued his promyse and peace folowed ¶ About this tyme a certaine Greeke called Stamato robbed the treaâ—ure of sainct Markes churche after he had been two yeres in cuttyng an hole through a verie myghtie stone wall but beyng bewraied through a tailour that he trusted the treasure was recouered the Greeke taken and for his longe pacience and woorthie thefte hanged with a golden halter ¶ Than came newes out of Sicilia that Loredano capitaine of the Uenetian armie had foughten with the Genowaies and Sicilians and had burned .47 of their shippes After whiche victorie a generall peace folowed for a tyme. ¶ The kyng of Bossina sent for a present to the Uenetians certaine vesselles of siluer .iiii. goodly horses and many Faulcones ¶ Federike the emperour retournyng from his coronacion at Rome towardes Almaine passed by Uenice where the Senate presented to the Empresse a ryche crowne sette with iewelles wherof some one stone was estemed at .3000 duckates and besides that gaue hir two couerynges for a cradell richely embrodered with stone and perle because she was at that time great with childe ¶ A newe leage made betwene the Uenetians and the Senesi the Duke of Sauoie the marques of Monferrato and the lordes of Correggio againste Sforza than newly made Duke of Myllaine For defence wherof Sforza had secret helpe of the Florentines so that the Uenetians with their colleges procured Alfonse kyng of Naples against the Florentines who after made warre vpon them in Tuscane whilest the gentill Leonesio capitaine of the leage on the tother side toke Lodi Gotolengo Manerbio Pontoglio and ranne euen to the gates of Myllaine ¶ About this tyme the Turke wonne Constantinople in the takyng wherof the emperour of Grece with diuers gentilmen Uenetians valiauntelie resistyng their ennemies both by sea and lande were slaine besides a numbre of others taken prisoners with the loâ—se of theyr nauie and substaunce Wherfore the bishop of Rome toke vpon him the appeasyng of the Italian warres agreyng the parties on this wise that Sforza shoulde restore vnto the Uenetians all that that