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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A43199	Ductor historicus, or, A short system of universal history and an introduction to the study of that science containing a chronology of the most celebrated persons and actions from the creation to this time, a compendious history of ... transactions ... of the ancient monarchies and governments of the world, an account of the writings of the most noted historians ... together with definitions and explications of terms used in history and chronology, and general instructions for the reading of history / partly translated from the French of M. de Vallemont, but chiefly composed anew by W.J., M.A.	Hearne, Thomas, 1678-1735.; Vallemont, abbé de (Pierre Le Lorrain), 1649-1721. Elémens de l'histoire.	1698 (1698)	Wing H1309; ESTC R15760	279,844	444

Empire of China WE should now according to our Proposal in the beginning of the Second Chapter proceed to the Fourth Great Monarchy which was that of the Romans but upon second Thoughts we judge it convenient to alter that Method how Natural soever at first sight it may seem we shall before we proceed to that give you an Account of those Petty Monarchies which were Contemporary to and conquered one after another by the Three Great Monarchies of the Assyrians Persians and Grecians and were at last all of them swallowed up by the Roman of which they became so many Petty Provinces But because the Chinese Monarchy has of late Days been much discoursed of we shall in this Chapter by way of Digression treat of that Empire thô it has no relation to and was never dependant on the four Great Monarchies as being never conquered by them or any other till of late years they were over-run by the Tartars their Neighbours and therefore we should not in this Treatise have inserted any thing of China were it not that the Learned World is grown extremely Inquisitive into all that concerns this great Empire If the Accounts and Relations we have of the Chinese were exact and true it must be owned that this great Empire is the most ancient and has lasted the longest of any in the World The Chinese Historians maintain as a thing Self-evident the Fohi their first King ascended the Throne 2952 years before Christ. They tell us that this Prince and the seven next who succeeded him and had been Elective Emperors reigned the space of 745 years That after this the Empire of China became Hereditary to several Families who governed it the space of almost 4700 years However Extravagant and Incredible the Chronology of the Chinese may appear yet it may be reconciled to that of the Bible which we follow chiefly We need only suppose that Noah who was born 2894 years before the Birth of Iesus Christ was Fohi the first Emperor of China The Description which the Chinese give us of this Fohi may very well agree with Noah This is no such extraordinary Supposition if we consider that several Nations looked upon Noah as their Head and Founder For is not he that Saturn of whom the Poets speak and whose three Sons Iupiter Neptune and Pluto are Shem Ham and Iaphet the three Sons of Noah After all suppose we cannot reconcile the History of China as to its Chronology with that of the Bible yet there is no Question to be made which of the two ought to be followed whether that whereof the Spirit of God is the Author or the other which has only Human Testimony to support it And would it not be exposing our Holy Religion to the Scorn and Derision of the Prophane and Atheistical if we should prefer Human before Divine Testimony This will appear the more unreasonable if we briefly consider these two Things First that the Chronology of the Chinese is very dubious and uncertain their Annalists cannot agree in their Accounts su-ma-quam one of the most Celebrated among them makes their Empire to begin in the time of Hoam●ti 250 years later than Fohi And then in the next place how full of Romantick and Extravagant Fables is the History One Instance may serve for all In the time of Confucius a certain Lausu lived who is said to have been 80 years together in his Mother 's Womb. And now shall we give up the Account in Sacred Writ which is True Certain and Authentick which Men inspired by God himself have given us which has been approved of by the Learned Men of all Ages and confirmed by several General Councils shall we I say give up such an Account so delivered and so authorized to the vain fabulous and uncertain Account of Human Tradition But however that we may not so much as seem to put the least Slight on that which so many Learned Men have in such great Esteem 't is requisite to give you a short Scheme of the History of the Chinese In doing this we shall observe our former Method of reducing the Monarchies to certain set Periods of Time and we shall consider China under XXIII States from the first founding of its Empire to the present year 1698 which lasted about 4596 years Years of the World Years before Christ. 1052. The first State was under eight Elective Emperors and lasted about 728 years 2898 1780. The second State was under the I. Family named Hia which had 17 Emperors and lasted about 448 years 2170 2228. The third State was under the II. Family named Xam which had 28 Emperors and lasted about 632 years 1722 2860. The fourth State was under the III. Family named Cheu which had 35 Emperors and lasted about 853 years 1090 3713. The fifth State was under the IV. Family named Cin which had 4 Emperors and lasted 43 years 237 3756. The sixth State was under the V. Family named Han which had 25 Emperors and lasted about 415 years 194 Years of Christ. The seventh State was under the VI. Family named Heu-han which had 2 Emperors and lasted 44 years 221 The eighth State was under the VII Family named Cin which had 15 Emperors and lasted 155 years 265 The ninth State was under the VIII Family named Sum which had 8 Emperors and lasted 59 years 421 The tenth State was under the IX Family named Ci which had 5 Emperors and lasted about 23 years 480 The eleventh State was under the X. Family named Leam which had 4 Emperors and lasted 55 years 503 The twelfth State was under the XI Family named Chin which had 5 Emperors and lasted about 32 years 557 The thirteenth State was under the XII Family named Sui which had 3 Emperors and lasted 29 years 589 The fourteenth State was under the XIII Family named Tam which had 20 Emperors and lasted 289 years 618 The fifteenth State was under the XIV Family named Heu-Leam which had 2 Emperors and lasted 16 years 907 The sixteenth State was under the XV. Family named Heu-Tam which had 4 Emperors and lasted 13 years 923 The seventeenth State was under the XVI Family named Heu-Cin which had 2 Emperors and lasted 11 years 936 The eighteenth State was under the XVII Family named Heu-Han which had 2 Emperors and lasted 4 years 947 The nineteenth State was under the XVIII Family named Heu-Cheu which had 3 Emperors and lasted 9 years 951 The twentieth State was under the XIX Family named Sum which had 18 Emperors and lasted 319 years 960 Hitherto the Chinese had no Emperors but of their own Country but after the nineteenth Imperial Family named Sum was extinct in the year of the Lord 1279 the Tartars became Masters of that Empire and their Family went under the Name of Iven The twenty first State was under the XX. Family named Iven which had 9 Emperors and lasted 89 years 1279 In the year 1369 the Chinese of the Family of Tai-Minga drove out

the Tartars and ascended the Throne of the Empire of China and established the 21st Family named Mim The twenty second State was under the XXI Family named Mim which had 16 Emperors and lasted 276 years 1369 In the year 1645 Zunchin the last Emperor of the Family of Mim being conquered by the Tartars who invaded his Territories retired into a Garden of his Palace where he hanged himself And Xunchi who had conquered China was the first Founder of the 22d Family named Cim The twenty third State was under the XXII Family named Cim and is that Family which is at present in Possession of the Throne We have had so little to do with China till of late Days that 't is hardly worth our while to set down the Names and the Chronological Succession of all the pretended Chinese Emperors from the time of Noah yet if any Credit be to be given to the Account which Father Martini and Father Couplet two Jesuits have handed down to us about this Matter I believe we could not put too high an Esteem on such a Chronological Series of Kings which reaches to the very first Ages of the World But to be plain in the case We do not think these Collections to be much worth since we are uncertain whether these Fathers were able Criticks or no and upon what Memoirs they founded their Account For thus much we learn from their very Histories That there happened several Distrubances in China which occasioned the Loss of a great many of its ancient Records Mention is therein made of a certain Yven-ti the third Emperor of the tenth Family who about the year of our Lord 552 when he saw himself apprehended and made Prisoner before he would surrender himself broke his Sword and burnt his Library wherein were above 140000 Volumes which he did upon the Consideration that neither his Sword nor his Books would be of any farther use to him In short let the Case be how it will I fancy no body would believe me if I should here say That Hoam-ti the third Elected Emperor 2697 years before Iesus Christ built a Temple to the Supreme Monarch of the Universe That he adorn'd his Head with the Regal Diadem That he made choice of a Yellow-colour'd Habit which none of his Subjects durst wear That he was a great Lover of Musick And that he brought Astronomy and Physick to its Perfection For we are so uncertain upon what Grounds these things are told us that we read all this Account as a perfect Romance However we shall here subjoin some Curiosities which cannot but create a great deal of Pleasure and Satisfaction to them who read it Confucius the Chinese Philosopher IN the year of the World 3233 and 717 years before Iesus Christ was the famous Confucius born the greatest Philosopher that China ever had He drew in his first Breath in the Village of Leu ye hard by the City of Kiofeu in the Province of Xanton on the North of Nankin It was under Kimvam the 24th Emperor of the third Family that he began to signalize himself by the fineness of his Philosophy to the Profession of which he adjoyned a singular Innocence of Manners His Writings are full of very fine Maxims and such as tend wholly to establish Quietness in private Families and Peace in the publick State He was of the Opinion that it is very important for Sovereign Princes that the Fathers should have a Supreme Authority over their Children He would have their Authority be very extensive because in truth the Inclination of a Child receiving a right Ply betimes and being kept to an entire Dependance under a Paternal Authority would be the more easy to submit to the Yoke of Regal Power The Chinese and the adjacent Nations such as the Inhabitants of Tunquin and Iapan stiled Confucius a wise and a holy Man His Writings are in as much Esteem among those Nations as the Gospel is among the Christians There is scarce a City but has a magnificent College dedicated to Confucius and every where may be seen Inscriptions in Golden Letters To the Memory of the Great Master or rather To the Memory of the Illustrious Prince of Learning Never did any Philosopher receive greater Honours from his own Country insomuch that his Posterity was highly honoured not only by Noble Titles but also by great Revenues and particular Marks of Esteem About the year of the World 3728 Xi-hoan-ti the second Emperor of the fourth Family governed with a great deal of Severity and Cruelty This was the Man who caused the famous Wall to be built to cover China from the Incursions of the Tartars About the year of the World 3786 reigned Ven-ti the third Emperor of the fifth Family who was a Prince of extraordinary Temper In his time Paper was first invented in China In the year of Christ 650 Cao-cum caused several Temples to be erected to the true God and favoured the Establishment of Christianity which had been formerly preached in China under his Predecessor In the year of Christ 1064 Ym-cum the fifth Emperor of the nineteenth Family began to reign In his time lived the famous Historiographer Su-ma-quam whose Annals begin with Hoam-ti which most of the Chinese look upon as the first Founder of their Monarchy We hope this short Account of the Chinese thô by way of Digression will not be ungrateful to the Learned World and shall now proceed to give you an Account of those other States and Empires which afterwards being conquered composed successively a great part of the Roman Monarchy beginning with that of Egypt as being one of the most ancient CHAP. VI. Of the Kings of Egypt EGypt anciently called Misraim and the Land of Ham Aeria Potamia Ogygia Melampodus and Osyria derived its present Name from Egyptus the Brother of Danaus It is part of Africa bounded on the North by the Egyptian or rather part of the Mediterranean Sea on the East by Arabia Petrea and Sinus Arabicus on the South by Ethiopia and on the West by Cyrenaica It was formerly divided into the Vpper and Lower Egypt but at present it is divided into four Parts I. Errif or the Lower Egypt containing the old proper Egypt and Augusticana II. Pechria Demisor or Middle Egypt containing the greatest part of old Arcadia III. Sahid or the Vpper Egypt part of old Thebais IV. The Coast of the Red Sea containing part of the ancient Thebais and Arcadia There is in Egypt the famous Istmus of Sues that parts the Red Sea from the Mediterranean which several Princes have in vain attempted to cut so as to joyn those two Seas There is nothing more obscure or uncertain in History than what has commonly been published concerning the Government and Succession of the first Kings of Egypt Here we walk even in Egyptian Darkness it self and cannot set two Steps forward without being misled Historians cannot agree among themselves about the Names the Time the Number nor the Series of these

CHRONOLOGY Chap. I. Definitions Page 1. Chap. II. The Grounds of Chronology 9. The Testimony of Authors 9. Reasons of the uncertainty of Chronology 13. Certain means of Computing Times as 9. 1. By the Testimony of Authors 18. 2. By Eclipses and Aspects of the Planets 18. 3. Vndisputed Epochas 21. Chap. III. Of the Uncertainty Chronologers are at concerning the Year wherein our Saviour was Born 23. A Catalogue of Authors disagreeing in this point 25. Chap. IV. The Usefulness of Chronological Tables to Beginners Different Divisions of Times in order to help the Memory 34. § 1. First Division of the Times into two Parts 37. § 2. Second Division into three Parts according to Varro 38. § 3. Third Division into four Parts according to the Poets 40. § 4. Fourth Division according to the several Ages of the World 42. § 5. Fifth Division of Times into thirteen Parts 43. Chap. V. A New Division of Times or the 14 Royal Epocha's of Universal Chronology 44. Epocha 1. Adam or the Creation of the World 45. Epocha 2. Noah or the Vniversal Deluge 47. Epocha 3. The Vocation of Abraham 49. Epocha 4. Moses or the Written Law 51. Epocha 5. The Taking of Troy 53. Epocha 6. Solomon or the Temple finished 54. Epocha 7. Romulus or Rome Founded 56. Epocha 8. Cyrus or the Iews restor'd 58. Epocha 9. Scipio or the Carthaginians Conquer'd 62. Epocha 10. The Birth of IESUS CHRIST 65. Epocha 11. Constantine or the Peace of the Church 69. Epocha 12. Charlemaign or the Establishment of the new Empire 74. Epocha 13. Constantinople taken by the Turks and the Christian Empire of the East terminated 83. Epocha 14. King Charles II. Restor'd the ancient Government and Laws of England re-establish'd and Europe in a profound Peace 91. PART II. Introduction to History and a Character of Historians Chap. I. Of the several Benefits of History 97. Chap. II. Rules to be observ'd in Writing History 107. Chap. III. The manner of Studying History Of the Four ancient Monarchies and of the different kinds of Political Government 112. Chap. IV. Divisions of History 121. Art 1. The Authority of the History of the People of God contain'd in the Books of the Old and New Testament 126. The Order of the Books of the Old and New Testament 131. Art 2. Of Civil History 〈…〉 145. Chap. V. The most Celebrated Authors that have written of Church History 150 An Account of the Qualities Lives and Writings of each particular Author 151 c. Chap. VI. Of the most considerable Greek and Latin Authors of Civil Histo●y 175. § 1. Greek writers of History Their Qualities Lives and Writings and the Iudgments of Criticks upon them 177 c. § 2. Latin Writers of ancient History an Account of each Author and his Works with the Opinions of Criticks upon them 197 c. PART III. An Account of the Ancient Monarchies which preceeded the Birth of JESUS CHRIST Chap. I. An Account of the Church of God under the Old Testament 225 Sect. 1. The State of the People of God under the 22 Patriarchs 228. A Remark concerning the Origine of Nations 230. A Remark concerning the Heads of Families of the People of God 235. Sect. 2. The State of the People of God under the 22 Iudges or Leaders 236. Sect. 3. The State of the People of God under 22 Kings 239. The Succession of the Kings of Israel 244. Sect. 4. The State of the People of God in the Time of the 22 Ancestors of Iesus Christ 249. Chap. II. An Account of the Assyrian Monarchy 254. The State of the Assyrian Monarchy from Nimrod it's first Founder down to Sardanapalus which is about 1360 years 2●● The State of that part of the Assyrian Monarchy which was under the Babylonians from Belochus the first King to the Death of Belshazzar the last King which lasted 271 Years 260 The State of that part of the Assyrian Monarchy which was Govern'd by the Medes from Arbaces their first King to Cyaxares or Darius the Mede 261 Chap. III. Of the Persian Monarchy 262. The Succession from Cyrus to Alexander's Conquest 262 c. Chap. IV. Of the Grecian Monarchy 267. The History of Alexander's Conquests 267. to 279 The Kingdom of the Syrians under the Successors of one of Alexander's Captains 280 The Kingdom of Pergamos or Asia Minor erected by Antigonus one of Alexander's Captains 288 Chap. V. Of the Empire of China 291 Chap. VI. Of the Kings of Egypt 297 Sect. 1. The State of Egypt under 47 Kings surnam'd Pharaohs which lasted 1220. Years till it was conquer'd by Cambyses 299 Sect. 2. The State of Egypt under 11 Kings of Persia which lasted 193 Years viz. to the time it was subjected to Alexander 305 Sect. 3. The State of Egypt under the Greeks viz. Alexander the Great and the 12 Ptolomy's which lasted 301 Years that is till Augustus made Egypt a Roman Province 308 Chap. VII Of Sicyonia The Succession of its Kings c. 314 Chap. VII Argos The Succession of its Kings from Inachus to Perseus 316 Chap. IX Athens 317 Sect. 1. The State of Athens under 17 Kings for 488. Years 319 Sect. 2. The State of Athens under 13 perpetual Archontes which lasted 316 Years 321 Sect. 3. The State of Athens under 8 Decennial Archontes 322 Sect. 4. The State of Athens under annual Archontes which lasted 751 Years 322 Chap. X. Of the Kings of Troy 330 Chap. XI Of the Spartans or Lacedemonians 332 Sect. 1. The State of Lacedemonia under 14 Kings for 397 Years that is from Lelix to the Heraclides 333 Sect. 2. The State of Lacedemon under the Kings called Heraclides 334 Sect. 3. The State of Sparta under the Kings whose Power were restrain'd by the Gerontes 335 Sect. 4. The State of Sparta under the Kings with the five Ephori 336 Chap. XII Of Corinth The Succession of its Kings c. 343 Chap. XIII Of the Kings of Mycene 346 Chap. XIV The Kings of Thebes 348 Chap. XV. Of the Macedonians 352 Sect. 1. The State of Macedon under 20 Kings from Caranus to Philip the Father of Alexander 352 Sect. 2. The State of Macedon under Alexander 355 Sect. 3. The State of Macedon under 17 Kings after Alexander 355 Chap. XVI Of the Kings of Lydia to Croesus 361 Chap. XVII The Kings of Tyre till it was conquer'd by Alexander 363 Chap. XVIII Of the Italians Latins Romans and of the Fourth or Roman Monarchy 367. Sect. 1. The State of Italy under the Janigenae or Siculi which lasted 557 years 368 Sect. 2. The State of Italy under 15 Kings called Aborigines which lasted 577. from Janus to Romulus 369 Sect. 3. The Regal State of Rome which lasted 245 years 371 Sect. 4. The Consular State of Rome from Brutus the first Consul to the perpetual Dictatorship of Julius Caesar which took up the time of 464 Years divided into fifteen Periods 378 Period 1. From the Banishment of Tarquin to the first Dictator 379

home He rebuilt the Temple of Iupiter Feretrius fortified the Hill Ianiculum made a large Ditch called Fossa Quiritium built a large Prison in the heart of the City fronting the Forum enlarged the Pomaerium of the City and built a Town called Ostia at the Mouth of the River Tyber In his time Lucumo an Hetrurian the Son of Demaratus a rich Merchant of Corinth came to Rome with his Wife Tanaquil from Tarquinia in Hetruria He changed his Name into Lucius adding that of Tarquinius from the Place of his Birth By his Liberality and magnificent way of Living he became known to Ancus and was beloved by the People Ancus made him a Senator and at his Death Guardian of his two young Sons who being Minors occasioned an Interregnum and gave opportunity to 3336. 5. L. Tarquinius Sirnamed Priscus to manage the Publick Affairs and in the end obtain'd the Government for in a Speech to the Senate he in a manner begg'd the Crown and was made King and reigned 38 years 614 In the beginning of his Reign the better to ingratiate himself with the common People he chose 100 out of the most Eminent of the Plebeians and added them to the Senate which made up the number of 300. These last were called Patres minorum Gentium i. e. Senators of a lower Degree He likewise increased the number of Vestal Virgins from four to seven The Latines warred against him but were forced to sue for Peace After this he defeated the Sabines twice and obliged them to do the same Next he had to deal with the Hetrurians or Tuscans whom he likewise conquered in several Battels and humbled them so far that they owned him for their Prince and in token of their Allegiance presented him with a Crown of Gold an Ivory Chair a Sceptre with an Eagle on the top a Purple Coat wrought with Gold and a Purple Gown pink'd This King built the Walls of the City which before were patched up in haste with large square Stone adorn'd the Forum with Porticos Galleries and Shops made several Cloacae or Common-Shores to carry the Filth of the City into the Tyb●r built the Circus for Publick Games with Seats and Galleries for the Spectators and laid the Foundation of the Capitol At last he was killed by the two Sons of Ancus Marcius 3374. 6. Servius Tullus succeeded and reigned 44 years 576 This Prince was the Son of a Noble Prisoner taken by Tarquin at Corniculum a Town in Latium He was in great Repute with Tanaquil the Wife of Tarquin who gave her Daughter in Marriage to him and was an Instrument of making him King The Senate was against it but the People were for it and elected him at the Comitia Curiata Not long after his Settlement he according to Promise divided the publick Lands among the poorer sort He enlarged the City taking three Hills to the four former viz. the Quirinal Viminal and Esqueline He divided the City into four Parts making four Tribes instead of three and first instituted the Census or Numbering the Citizens according to six distinct Classes or Orders After this he instituted the Lustrum which was to be repeated every five years and was the first who coined Money at Rome with the Image of a Sheep whence it had the Name of Pecunia Nor did he only settle Affairs at home but took care likewise to suppress Disturbances abroad For the Hetrurians revolting he had Wars with them for 20 years successively defeated them several times triumphed over them thrice and obliged them to sue for a Peace He married his two Daughters to the Grandsons of Tarquinius Priscus Aruns and Tarquinius who was afterwards Sirnamed Superbus The latter had a mild-natur'd Wife the former an imperious Dame Tarquin agreed with his Brother's Wife to kill the one her Husband and the other his Wife and afterwards to marry together which was accordingly put in Practice After this Tarquin killed his Father-in-Law and his Wife Tullia hastening to salute her Husband King ordered her Chariot to drive over the Body of her dead Father in that Street which before was called Cyprius but after the Fact it was called Vicus Sceleratus 3418. 7. Tarquinius Superbus having thus barbarously killed his Father-in-Law usurped the Kingdom and reigned 25 years 532 Upon his mounting the Throne he put all the Friends of Tullus to Death and dreading the natural Consequences of his Tyranny and ill-gotten Greatness kept a stronger Guard than ordinary about his Person He managed the whole Affairs of the State himself slighted the Senate diminished their Authority cut off several of them and seized upon their Estates Among the rest Marcus Iunius was one who left behind him a Son named Lucius Iunius Lucius fearing he should suffer the same Fate with his Father and eldest Brother counterfeited himself a Fool was thence called Brutus and kept by Tarquin in his House to make his Children sport He carried on the Dissimulation for many years very dexterously and was at last the chief Instrument in banishing the Tyrant Tarquin was engaged in several Wars first marched against the Sabines and subdued them Then began a War with the Volsci which with some Intermissions lasted above 200 years and took from them Suessa-Pometia Next he fell upon Gabii which he took by the Treachery of his Son Sextus who under a pretence of Deserting from his Father for some Injuries offered him got to be their General and cut off the chief Citizens After this he built the Capitol and bought the three Books of the Sibyls Oracles six of the nine that were offered him being burnt which Books were kept as Sacred by the Quindecimviri in the Capitol and perished in that Building when it was burnt in Sylla's time At last he proclaimed War against the Rutili and invested their Metropolis Ardea At the time that the Army ●ay before this City it was that Sextus Tarquin's Son inflamed by Lucretia's Beauty stole privi●y to C●●latia where she resided and ravished her The virtuous Lucretia almost dead with Grief and Shame sent for her Father from Rome and her Husband Collatinus from the Camp desiring them to bring along with them some of their particular Friends Publius Valerius came with her Father Lucretius and Lucius Iunius Brutus with her Husband to them she related the whole Story and immediately with a Ponyard stabbed her self to the Heart They were startled at the Sight and filled with Grief and Indignation but to their great Surprize Brutus throwing off his Disguised Folly declared his Resolution and made them swear upon the bloody Ponyard to assist him in revenging this and the other Wickednesses of Tarquin and his Family by expelling him and them the Government And immediately entring upon Action they shut up the City-Gates and assembled the Senate who being made sensible of the Wickedness of their King and his Family issued out a Decree of Expulsion against Tarquin Afterwards Brutus brought out Lucretia's Body exposed it to