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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A37340	A brief history of the life of Mary, Queen of Scots, and the occasions that brought her and Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, to their tragical ends shewing the hopes the Papists then had of a Popish successor in England, and their plots to accomplish them : with a full account of the tryals of that Queen, and of the said Duke, as also the trial of Philip Howard, Earl of Arundel : from the papers of a secretary of Sir Francis Walsingham / now published by a person of quality.	M. D.; Walsingham, Francis, Sir, 1530?-1590.	1681 (1681)	Wing D57; ESTC R8596	76,972	72

about the Scaffold went a Rail half a Yard high round covered with black Cotton so was her Stool the Boards and the Block and a Pillow to kneel upon There did sit upon the Scaffold the two Earls the Sheriff stood and the two Executiones When they were placed Mr. Beale Clerk of the Council did read her Majesties Commission aforesaid under the great Seal after which the Dean of Peterborough by direction of the Lords being provided began to speak unto her for her better preparation to die as a penitent Christian in the true faith of Christ But when he began his exhortation she staid him immediately refusing to hear him and said she had nothing to do with him nor he with her for she was settled in the Catholick Roman Faith which she would die in Then the Earl of Kent willed Mr. Dean to pray for her that if it might stand with Gods Will she might have her heart lightned with the true knowledg of God and die therein which was pronounced by him accordingly and followed of the beholders All which while she having a Crucifix of white bone between her hands prayed in Latin very loud prayer being ended she kneeled down and prayed to this effect for Christs afflicted Church and an end of their troubles for her Son for the Queens Majesty that she might prosper and serve God and confessed that she hoped to be saved only by the blood of Jesus Christ at the foot of whose Crucifix she would shed her blood that God would avert his plagues from this Island that God would give her grace and forgiveness of her sins Then she rose up and was by both the Executioners disrobed She said she was not wont to be undressed by such Grooms and desired to have two of her Gentlewomen to unrobe her the which was granted and being stripped into her Petticoat which being done she kissed her women and willed them not to cry for her but to rejoice and lifted up her hand and blessed them and also her men not standing far off Then she kneeled down most resolutely without all fear of death and after one of her women had knit a Kerchew before her eyes she spake aloud the Psalm in Latin In te Domine confido non confundor in eternum Justitia tua libera me Then lay she down and stretched out her body and her neck upon the Block she cryed In manus tuus Domine c. and so received two stroaks The people cryed God save the Queen and so perish all Papists and her Majesties enemies All things were taken from the Executioners and not suffered to have so much as the Aprons before they were washed the Blood and Cloaths and whatsoever was bloody was burned in the fire made in the Chimney in the Hall and by the Scaffold The whole discourse of the Arraignment of Philip Howard Earl of Arundel the 18th day of April 1589. and in the 31st year of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth FRom the outward Bar in the Kings-Bench was there a Court made of Thirty Foot square within which was a Table of Twelve Foot square The form of the Scaffold covered with Green Cloth and in the same Court were Benches to sit upon covered with Green Say in the midst of the same Court at the upper end was placed a Cloth of State with a Chair and Cushion for the Lord Steward from the midst of the same Court to the midst of the Hall was built a Gallery for the Prisoner to come upon to the Court in length One Hundred and Ten Foot and in breadth Fifteen Foot and in height from the ground Six Foot railed round about and going down with Seven Steps Between Eight and Nine of the Clock in the morning the Earl of Derby Earl of Derby Lord Steward Lord Steward his Grace entered the Hall attended on by divers Noblemen and Officers Four Serjeants at Arms with their Maces waiting before him next before his Grace the Earl of Oxford Lord great Chamberlain of England My Lord of Derby's Grace being seated in his Chair of State every Nobleman was placed in his degree by Garter King of Heraults At his Graces feet did sit Mr. Winckefield one of her Majesties Gentlemen-Ushers holding a long white Wand in his hand being accompanied with Mr. Norris Serjeant of the Garter Before them did sit Mr. Sands Clerk of the Crown of the Kings-Bench Opposite against my Lord's Grace did sit the Queens Majesties Learned Council viz. 1. Sejeant Puckering 2. Serjeant Shettleworth 3. Mr. Popham the Queens Attorney-General 4. Mr. Edgerton the Queens Solicitor The Names of the Commissioners on the right hand sitting upon a lower Bench under the Lords of the Jury 1. SIR Francis Knowles Knight Treasurer of the Houshold Commissioners on the right hand 2. Sir James Acrofte Knight Controler of the Houshold 3. Sir John Parrat one of her Majesties most Honourable Privy-Council 4. Mr. Woolley Secretary of the Latin tongue of the Privy-Council 5. John Fortescue Master of the Wardrobe and of the Privy-Council 6. Dr. Dale one of the Masters of Request to her Majesty 7. William Fleetwood Serjeant at Law and Recorder of London 8. Mr. Rockby Master of Requests and Master of St. Katherines The Names of the Comissioners on the left hand 9. THE Lord Chief Justice of England 10. The Master of the Rolls Commissioners on the left hand 11. The Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. 12. The Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer 13. Justice Perryman of the Common Pleas. 14. Justice Gamdy of the Kings Bench. The Serjeant at Arms usually attendant on the Lord Chancellor named Roger Wood was commanded to make on O Yes Three times Roger Wood. Cryer Then Mr. Sands Clerk of the Crown read the Commission And Sir Francis Knowles Knight gave up the Verdict of the great Assize Verdict Then was called Mathew Spencer Serjeant at Arms to return his Precept which was returned and read After that the Noblemen and Peers of the Jury for his Tryal were severally called by their Names as followeth 1. William Lord Burleigh Lord Treasurer of England 2. Edward of Oxford Lord great Chamberlain of England 3. William Lord Marquess of Winchester 4. Henry Earl of Kent 5. Henry Earl of Sussex 6. Henry Earl of Pembrook 7. Edward Earl of Hartford 8. Henry Earl of Lincoln 9. Henry Lord Hundsdon Lord Chamberlain of her Majesties Houshold 10. Peregrin Lord Willoby and Earsby 11. Lord Morley 12. Lord Cobham 13. Arthur Lord Gray 14. Lord Darcy of the North. 15. Lord Sands 16. Lord Wentworth 17. Lord Willoughby of Parham 18. Lord North. 19. Lord Rich. 20. Lord St. John of Bletsoe 21. Lord Buckhurst 22. Lord De La Ware 23. Lord Norris Then the Lieftenant of the Tower was called to return his Precept and to bring forth his Prisoner Philip Earl of Arundel The Earl came into Lieftenant the Hall being in a wrought Velvet Gown furred about with

whosoever was Reconciled to the Pope from the obedience of the Queens Majesty was in case of Treason My Lord confessed that Bridges did confess him but not reconcile him in Earl any such sort but only for absolution of his sins Mr. Popham charged him that he did once submit himself but Sithence Popham fell from his submission and therefore practised new Treasons He confessed he was acquainted with the Priests and by two of them had been absolved and confessed Earl Sithence which time said Mr. Popham he came to the Church and fell to Popham the Catholick Cause again which he cannot do by their Order unless he be Reconciled My Lord denyed that ever he came to the Church after that time There was a Letter sent to the Queen of Scots by Morgan of France in Commendation of two Priests wherein he saith one of them had reconciled Morgan of France the Earl of Arundel Edmonds a Priest upon Examination said that Reconciliation was odious Edmonds a Priest Earl My Lord said these be but Allegations and Circumstances and that they ought to be proved by two Witnesses It was justified he said once in the Star-Chamber amongst the Lords there assembled concerning a Libel there in Question that whosoever was a Priest or Papist was an arrant Traytor Mr. Popham said it was a discontentment made my Lord a Catholick and Popham not Religion and that he did disguise himself in shadow of Religion There was a Picture shewed that was found in my Lords Trunk wherein Picture was painted a Hand bitten with a Serpent shaking the Serpent into the fire about which was written this Poesie quis contra nos on the other side was painted a Lyon Rampant with his Forces all bloody with this Poesie tamen Leo my Lord said one Wilgrave his man gave him the same with a pair of Hangers for a New years gift One Jonas Meridith being examined c. by way of Communication with a Towns-man who commended my Lord of Arundel for his forwardness Meridith in that he had often observed my Lord at Pauls Cross This Jonas answered that he knew he had often been at Pauls-Cross in the Fore-noon and hath heard a Mass with him at the Charter-house in the afternoon To this my Lord said nothing but seemed to deny it My Lord being examined in the Tower of his sudden going away to Sea Earl he answered to serve the Prince of Parma or whither Dr. Allen should direct him for the Cause Catholick My Lord said also he was going away for fear of some Statute should be made in the 22d of this Queens Reign against the Catholicks in that Parliament and that Dr. Allen advised him that he should not come over if he could tarry here in any safety because he might be the better able to make a Party in England when they came Before my Lords going to Sea he writ a Letter to be given the Queen after he was gone wherein he found fault with her hard dealing in giving countenance to his Adversaries and in disgracing him and that he was discontented with the Injustice of the Realm towards his great Grand-Father his Grand-Father and his Father My Lord said Hollinshead was faulty for setting forth in his Chronicle that his Grand-Father was attainted by Act of Parliament but shewed no Hollinshead cause wherefore He said in his Letter his Grand-Father was condemned for such trifies that the people standing by were amazed at it he found fault also with the proceedings against his Father Whereby 't is apparent said Mr Popham 't was discontentment moved my Lord and not Religion and fearing lest his friends should think amiss of him Popham he left a Copy of his Letter with Bridges a Traytor to be dispersed to make the Catholicks to think well of him for said Mr. Popham being discontented he became a Catholick and being so great a man he became a Captain of the Catholicks which is as much as to be a Captain over Traytors A Counterfeit Letter was made 22 dayes before his going to Sea directed to one Baker at Linne there being no such man abiding wherein was signified A Counterfe it Letter that my Lord was very hardly dealt withal by some of the Council and that he was gone into Sussex and a farther Voyage and that he would come home by Norfolk This was a Counterfeit Letter said Mr. Attorney appointed by my Lord Mr. Attorney to be dispersed to make it known he was discontented Also Allen sent a Letter to the Queen of Scots in Ciphers shewing a great party in England Allen sent my Lord word if he did come over he must take a greater Title than that of Earl upon him and therefore my Lord in this stile To Philip Duke of Norfolk Earl of Arundel Babington in his examination said the Queen of Scots sent him word that the Earl of Arundel was a fit man to be a chief Head for the Catholicks Babington Allen sent word to Rome that the Bull which was last sent over into England Allen. was at the Intercession of a great man in England My Lord said Mr. Popham was one of the principallest and acquainted Popham thus far with Allen Ergo my Lord of Arundel that great man Dr. Allen made a most villanous and slanderous Book which was very hard to be got in which was contained that the Earl of Arundel was a procurer of the last Bull and the procurer of the Invasion also the Bull it self was some part read and the Book was part read also My Lord being charged on his confession being examined why he would be ruled thus by Dr. Allen he excused it by saying that he said he would Earl be ruled by Allen in all things saving in that did concern her Majesty and the State and thereupon appealed to my Lord Chancellor and Sir Walter Mildmay who were not present Sir Christopher Hatton Lord Chancellour The Book aforesaid intended that my Lord was a practiser with Allen about the Invasion Then said my Lord he would serve the Queen against all Princes Pope Earl or Potentates whatsoever The Queens Sollicitor stood upon these points and because it was proved Mr. Sollicitor that the Earl of Arundel would be ruled by Allen in any thing that should concern the Catholick Cause And for that Dr. Allen hath since that time practised divers monstrous Treasons and continually hath built upon the help of some chief man in England there is none yet known of his degree that hath any thing to do with Allen and therefore my Lord must needs be culpable of all the Treasons Allen hath practised and procured in flying to Allen to serve the Prince of Parma ut antea My Lord was charged with relieving of divers Traytors as Priests and that he did converse and was confederate with divers and sundry Traytors attainted indicted and suspected being Prisoners in

the Tower and that he had Mass in the Tower and that if the Spaniards should surprize the Tower Sir Owen Hopton should be put to the Rackhouse Proved He was also charged that divers Papists Seminaries and such like being Prisoners in New gate and other Prisons reported that they hoped to see the Earl of Arundel King of England and that Cardinal Allen should direct the Crown of England Proved Before the coming of the Spaniards Fleet when our Commissioners were in the Low-Countries news was brought to the Tower that we should have peace betwixt Spain and England then would my Lord of Arundel be pensive When the Spanish Fleet was upon our Coast and Newes was brought to the Tower that the Spaniards sped well then the Earl would be merry Then when News came the English Fleet sped well the Earl would be Proved sorry When News came the Spanish Fleet was come upon the Coast of Kent Proved my Lord said it is a great Wood and a puissant Fleet we shall have lusty play shortly I hope we shall plague them that have plagued us My Lord said he would not fight against any that came to fight for the Proved Catholick Faith He said when the Spanish Fleet was at Sea he would have Three Masses a a day for the happy success of Spain 3 Masses a day Proved Continual Prayer for Spain He said also he would have continual Prayer without ceasing for a time for the good success of Spain viz. he would have every 24 hours 5 Priests to pray two hours a piece for the defect of Lay-men and 14 Lay-men to pray every one an hour a piece for the happy and fortunate success of Spain Proved He made himself a special Prayer for that purpose and caused Copies thereof in haste to be made Proved Mr. Shelley then Prisoner in the Tower told my Lord that to exercise that Prayer were dangerous and wished my Lord to let it alone Therefore Shelley my Lord called for the Copy of the Prayer again and would not have it Copied He was charged that he did conjure Sir Thomas Gerrard Knight to keep Proved Sir Thomas Gerrard Proved Counsel in all these matters before set down who promised him he would Bennet also promised to keep his Councel and divers others Then were Sir Thomas Gerrard Mr. Shelly Bennet the Priest and divers Proved Bennet Prisoners removid others removed from the Tower to several other Prisons and upon Examination confessed all as aforesaid My Lord hearing all these matters laid hard against him by Mr. Sollicitor grew into some Agony and called for his Accusers face to face which the Learned Counsel did not yet yield unto Earl He was likewise charged that he came once meerly to Bennet the Priest in the Tower saying Come Mr. Bennet let us go pray that the Spaniards may beat down London-Bridge and promised to give him a Damask Gown shortly and that he hoped to make him Dean of Pauls ere it were long that the time of their delivery was at hand and willed them in any wise to be secret for if he should reveal these things he would deny them to his face When News came to the Tower that the Spanish Fleet was driven away my Lord said We are all undone there is no hope for us this year and the King of Spain cannot provide such a power again this five or six years The Earl is sorry for this News some of us may be dead and rotten ere that time There were then brought into the Court vivâ voce upon their several Oaths Anthony Hall and Richard Young a Justice of the Peace who aimed something by hearsay to the proof of the former matters Witnesses Also Sir Thomas Gerrard William Bennet Tuchnon Snoden and Ithel and divers others were closely kept in a place over the Kings Bench closed in Prisoners to witness with Arras and were thereupon severally called into the Court vivâ voce upon their several Oaths to affirm that which is specified before Sithence Mr. Sollicitor began to speak at this Marke Bennet the Priest was charged with a Letter written to my Lord wherein he should be sorry for the opening of these matters as aforesaid against my Lord. One Randal had writ this Letter in Bennets name by advice of my Lord of Arundel to blind his practises Bennet openly denyed the writing of Lord Gray that Letter whereupon my Lord Gray and my Lord Nroris asked Bennet Lord Norris if he knew of the Letter yea or no for their better evidence Bennet confessed he had been moved to such a matter but he did it not Against Sir Thomas Gerrard my Lord stood very stoutly in denyal of what he witnessed willing him to look him in the face and charging him as he would answer before God in whose presence he spoke to tell nothing of him but Truth In Answer whereof Sir Thomas referred himself to his Depositions before read to which he said he was sworn yea twice sworn There were called into the Court two Witnesses more viz. one Walton and one Church who justified Letters were brought from England to Walton Church and Hill Rehnes where they both were which Letters were sent by one Hill one of my Lords Faction that the Earl of Arundel should be General of the Catholicks when the Tower should be surprized To Walton my Lord took exception affirming that he was a naughty leud Fellow who had sold that little Land he had to three several men and of the other Witnesses he said that some were attainted some Indicted bad men and Prisoners and that their words were worth little credit Then said Mr. Popham they were never tortured but confessed all this Popham willingly and they are such as you have accompanied Here ended every man his Speech and the Noble-men and Peers of the Jury The Jury went together My Lord humbly having submitted himself to the consideration of his Peers with protestation of Loyalty the Lieutenant brought him from the Bar unto a Seat near unto the Court of Common Pleas where the Warders attended upon him My Lord Steward likewise withdrew himself a little while as it seemed Lord Steward to take some Refection having all the day for the time of this business forborn to eat any thing and presently returned to his Seat of State Within one hour after the Noble-men of the Jury came every one back and were again placed by Garter King of Heraulds Then Mr. Sands asked every man of the Jury severally beginning at my Lord Norris the youngest Baron and proceeding to my Lord Treasure the Fore-man whether the Prisoner were guilty yea or no. Which every one of them laying their hands upon their hearts did protest Verdict in their Consciences and upon their honours that he was guilty Then was the Lieutenant called to bring his Prisoner to the Bar who was brought accordingly attended as before Then said Mr. Sands unto him that he had been indicted of several Treasons Mr. Sands and that he had put himself upon the Tryal of his Peers who had found him guilty and therefore asked why Judgment should not be given against him Whereupon my Lord making three very low Obeysances upon his knees Earl did humbly submit himself to my Lord Steward his Grace and the favours of the rest of the Nobles and Peers there present and besought them to be Mediators for him that he might obtain at her Majesties hands to have order taken for his debts and to have Conference with his Officers and to talk with his wife and to see his Infant born after his Imprisonment whom he had never seen Then my Lords Grace pronounced judgment viz. that he should be conveyed to the place from whence he came and from thence to the place of Judgment Execution and there to be hanged until he were half dead his members to be cut off his bowels to be cast into the Fire his head to be cut off his quarters to be divided into four several parts and to be bestowed in four several places and so said my Lord Steward the Lord have mercy on thy Soul To this the Earl of Arundel said as it were softly to himself Fiat voluntas Dei And so having made a low Obeysance to the State the Lieutenant took him away Mr. Shelton going before him with the Edge of the Axe towards him Then was there an O Yes made by the Serjeant at Arms and the Court together with my Lord Stewards Commission dissolved which done my Lord of Darby took the whitewand out of Mr. Winckfields hand and broke the same in pieces and every man cryed God save the Queen FINIS

A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE LIFE OF Mary Queen of Scots AND The Occasions that brought Her and Thomas Duke of Norfolk to their Tragical Ends. Shewing the hopes the Papists then had of a Popish Successor in England and their Plots to accomplish them With a full ACCOUNT of the TRYALS Of that QUEEN and of the said DUKE As also the TRIAL of PHILIP HOWARD Earl of Arundel From the Papers of a Secretary of Sir Francis Walsingham Now Published by a Person of Quality LONDON Printed for Tho. Cockerill at the Sign of the Three Legs in the Poultrey over-against the Stocks-Market 1681. A Preface to the following Tryals giving a brief Hystorical Account of the Life of Mary Queen of Scots and the occasions that brought both Her and the Duke of Norfolk to their Tragical Ends and the Earl of Arundel to his Trial c. IT may seem strange or unseasonable while the Press labours daily with the present Popish Plot to trouble the world with that which concerns only Those that so long ago are past and gone But as there are too many amongst us that question the Reality of the present Conspiracy so there are not a few that deny the Truth of those heretofore Or if they acknowledge any thing either of the Powder-Treason or Babingtons Conspiracy they extenuate the same almost to nothing by alledging that they were attempted by a few Private High-Spirited Gentlemen extreamly provoked with great Injuries and bitter usage which were the only causes of their desperate Resolutions for which they themselves sufficiently suffered and that therefore their Treasons are no more to be filed to the Account of their Church c. But by the following papers I conceive these Evasions will be silenced for thereby it will appear 1. That there was during a great part of Queen Elizabeths Reign a continued Series of Popish Treasons successively though God be blessed unsuccessfully carried on and that not by a few Desperado's but by a great number of persons of the most considerable Fortunes and Abilities of the Roman Catholick Religion 2ly That the main intentive and scope of the said Conspirators as every where they declare was to root out Protestantism and set up Popery unto which Attempts they were chiefly animated by the prospect of an immediate Popish Successor viz. the said Mary Queen of Scots 3ly That the Papists then were to make use of the same Vmbrage as now they do viz. to raise Lyes and Slanders of the Puritans and prerend that they designed Rebellion only to colour their own real Treasons as appears by the Queen of Scots Letter to Babington 4ly That these fatal Councils of the Guises and Popish Priests brought that great Princess who had the misfortune to be led by them to Ruine so that by endeavouring to anticipate the Succession she not only lost it but also her Life These and several other Remarkables which no doubt the Judicious Reader will observe in the perusal occasioned the publication of the ensuing papers at this time 'T is confessed the same are not so exactly taken as the Tryals of the present Age The Ingenious Skill of Speedy and short writing being much improved since those times yet it is evident by the Manuscript that there was no little care and diligence used therein so that nothing material seems to have escaped nor do any Historians give so punctual an Account of the Transactions as these papers which before never saw the Light concerning the Authentickness and Truth of which the Antientness of the hand-writing of the Original might be a sufficient Testimony had we not another more probable Argument which is That they were lately found amongst some Ancient papers that heretofore belonged to a Secretary of Sir Francis Walsingham an eminent Minister of State at that juncture For whose use 't is very credible the same were so curiously collected Besides If any shall be be at the pains to examine them they will find them to agree in the main with the Histories of those times not only with the Learned Cambden and the rest of our own Writers but with the Great Thaunus nay with the Jesuit Strada too But for the satisfaction of those Readers that are not so conversant in History that they may the better understand what they meet with in these Tryals we conceive it will not be unwelcome to prefix a brief Account of the Life and unhappy Fortunes of the Illustrious Mary of Scotland on whose Adventures all these prosecutions did depend wherein we shall impartially state matter of Fact without the Reflections of Buchanan or intollerable flatteries of Causin the Jesuit Mary Queen of Scots was the daughter and sole Legitimate Issue of James the fifth King of Scotland and of Mary his Queen a daughter of the house of Lorrain born in December 1541. she was scarce eight dayes old when the King her Father dyed and the Scottish Nobility being divided into Factions whereof the Family of the Hamiltons and the Earl of Lenox were the respective Heads The one side supported by King Henry the eighth of England and the other by the French King Henry the second she was by her Mother who being a French-woman inclined unto that Kings Interest sent into France about five or six years of Age to learn the Accomplishments of that Court. There she was educated under the French King and the house of Guise her Uncles who being desperate Enemies to the Reformation seasoned her with violent principles against the Protestant Religion she was a Lady very proper and beautiful of a great Wit and Courage beyond her Sex These Advantages and much more several important Reasons of State induced the French King to conclude her a fit Match for his Son the Dauphin For hereby they thought themselves not only sure to unite the Kingdoms of France and Scotland she being Sovereign Queen of the latter as he was Heir apparent to the former but also had a prospect of the Crown of England looking upon this Mary of Scotland as Great Grand-child to King Henry the seventh to be the next Heiress thereunto after Mary who had by this time mounted the English Throne For as for her sister Elizabeth they not only knew her to be one they called an Heretick but also gave out she was Illegitimate and so on both Accounts represented her as uncapable to succeed Hereupon a Marriage was solemnized between the Dauphin and this Princess Apr. 24th 1588. in Nostredam Church at Paris On the 27th of November following Queen Mary of England after a short Reign rendred infamous to all Posterity by the Butcheries committed on Protestants departed this Life And though Elizabeth according to her undoubted Right was with the general consent and applause of the Lords Commons and all the people proclaimed Queen and most happily succeeded her in the Throne yet had the Guises inveigled the French-King into such strong hopes of adjoyning England to the Crown of France by the aforesaid Title of

their Neece the Queen of Scots that he openly own'd the claim thereof so that thenceforwards his Son and Daughter in Law used the stile in all their Acts of State Francis and Mary of Scotland England and Ireland King and Queen and caused the Arms of England to be Engraven and Painted on their Palaces Housholdstuff and Heralds-Coats And the said King Henry dying shortly after this Francis who succeeded him by the name of Francis the Second and Mary Queen of Scots by the Council of the said Guises who bore great sway in France publickly assumed to themselves the Soveraignty of England and Scotland as well as that of France and Scotland pretending to Queen Elizabeths Ambassador who complained thereof sometime that the Queen of Scots bore the Arms of England only to shew the nearness of her Blood to that Royal Line and sometimes that she did it only to cause the Queen of England to forbear bearing those of France Much dispute there was about this matter which Queen Elizabeth as she had reason resented very grievously But at last in the Year 1560. upon a Treaty at Edenborough It was amongst other matters agreed that the French King and his Wife Queen Mary should henceforwards relinquish the Title and Arms of England and Ireland But when the same came to be confirm'd in France they sought Evasions and delay'd so long that in the interim King Francis the Second not being Eighteen years old dyed and left the Queen of Scots a Widow of Nineteen who thereupon resolv'd to leave France and to return to her own Kingdom of Scotland But Throgmorton Queen Elizabeths Ambassador before she went earnestly press'd her to confirm the said Treaty of Edenborough which she refused alledging she must first consult with the Nobility of Scotland This refusal so nettled Queen Elizabeth that she refused to grant her a safe Conduct for her passage However taking the opportunity of a Fog she set Sail from Callice and passing the Channel arrived safely in Scotland From thence she sent Letters to Queen Elizabeth promising all care to make and conserve Amity with her and requesting that a lasting Peace might be made between the two Crowns And in order thereunto desired that Queen Elizabeth would in Parliament declare her her next Heir if she her self should have no issue This proposition startled Queen Elizabeth who rather look't for the confirmation of the Treaty of Edenborough which she had so often promised and therefore return'd Answer in these words That as concerning the Succssion she hoped the Queen of Scotland would not by violence take away her Crown from her and her Children if she had any She promised not to derogate any thing of her right unto the Crown of England although she had claimed the Title and Arms of England thorough the too much hasty ambition of other men for which injury it was meet that she made satisfaction By setting down her Successor she feared lest their friendship should be rather dissevered than consolidated for that unto men established in Government their Successors are alwaies suspected and hated the people such is their inconstancy upon a dislike of present things do look after the rising Sun and forsake the Sun setting and the Successors designed cannot keepwithin the bounds of Justice and Truth their own hopes and other mens lewd desires Moreover if she should confirm the Succession unto her she should thereby cut off the hope of her own security and being alive hang her Winding-sheet before her own eyes yea make her own Funeral-feast alive and see the same But this Remonstrance took but little effect and therefore sometime afterwards an Interview was projected to be had between the two Queens but after a long Treaty relinquisht the Scottish Queen refusing it unless Queen Elizabeth would adopt her her Daughter or declare her her Heir apparent by Authority of Parliament This Queen Elizabeth would not consent to but advised her to a Marriage with Robert Dudely who thereupon was made Earl of Leicester which Alliance the French rail'd upon as dishonourable and as for her matching with any Forrein Prince the Earl of Murray natural Brother to the Scots Queen diverted her from it and proposed to her Henry Lord Darnly Son to the Earl of Lenox whereunto both Love and Policy seem'd to give their suffrages for as he was one of the most proper and goodly young Gentlemen in the world so likewise was he next Heir after her to the Imperial Crown of England so that she might at once gratifie her Fancy and sortifie her Title This Noble-man was born and at this time resided in England the Earl his Father having upon the troubles in Scotland retreated thither in King Henry the Eighth's time And upon the first return of Queen Mary into Scotland Queen Elizabeth had confin'd both Father and Son for holding correspondence with her But after some time first the Father and afterwards the Son on several specious pretences got leave to go into Scotland promising to return within such a Term. Being there a Marriage was quickly concluded and solemnized between the Queen and this young Lord at which Queen Elizabeth appear'd much dissatisfied nor did their Nuptial Joys remain long un-eclips'd but discontents which as easily climb to the glorious beds of Princes as to the homely pallets of Peasants arose between them whether it were that he thought he had not enough or took upon him too much share in the Government or on some more private disgust I determine not being unwilling to follow the reports of those prejudic'd Authors who have sullied this great Princesses Fame when the respect due to the Honour of Ladies especially the Majesty of a Crowned Head ought to have taught them more modesty From what ever ground these animosities sprung they soon grew to such an unhappy height that one Evening the King attended with several others rush't into the Queens Apartment as she was at Supper and seizing upon one David Rizius a Native of Piemont by profession a Musitian but for his Wit and Dexterity receiv'd into great favour with the Queen and made a kind of Secretary they assaulted him with their naked Swords and dragging him to the door gave him several mortal wounds whereof he instantly died The Queen was then great with Child of him who was afterwards James the 1st Monarch of Great Brittain And though Providence was pleased to prevent her Miscarriage yet the sight of so dismal a Tragedy could not but surprize her with wonderful astonishment insomuch that some Philosophers will needs have it that King James retain'd an aversion to the sight of naked Weapons and attribute the same to the impressions of this unparellel'd violence Of which the King 't is said soon repented and craved the Queens pardon charging Murray and Morton as the persons that instigated him thereunto But the King himself did not long survive this Assassination for within a month or two after he himself in a tempestuous night