Selected quad for the lemma: state_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
state_n	earl_n	england_n	lord_n	2,553	5	4.3339	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06789	The maintenance of free trade according to the three essentiall parts of traffique; namely, commodities, moneys and exchange of moneys, by bills of exchanges for other countries, or, An answer to a treatise of free trade, or the meanes to make trade flourish, lately published. ... By Gerard Malynes merchant.	Malynes, Gerard, fl. 1586-1641.	1622 (1622)	STC 17226; ESTC S120064	50,433	116

to_o the_o say_a merchant_n or_o other_o which_o do_v practice_v upon_o the_o benefit_n of_o money_n to_o be_v make_v between_o the_o exchange_n and_o money_n for_o the_o rule_n be_v infallible_a that_o when_o the_o exchange_n do_v answer_v the_o true_a value_n of_o our_o money_n according_a to_o their_o intrinsicke_a weight_n and_o fineness_n and_o their_o extrinsicke_a valuation_n they_o be_v never_o export_v because_o the_o gayne_n be_v answer_v money_n by_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o transportation_n this_o cause_n be_v prevent_v make_v the_o effect_n to_o cease_v and_o this_o be_v engraft_v in_o every_o man_n judgement_n according_a to_o the_o maxim_n often_o note_v heretofore_o sublata_fw-la causa_fw-la tollitur_fw-la effectus_fw-la so_o that_o exchange_n still_o have_v the_o command_n and_o strike_v the_o stroke_n insomuch_o that_o albeit_o the_o price_n thereof_o rise_v and_o fall_v according_a to_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n yet_o money_n be_v overrule_v thereby_o for_o if_o you_o enhance_v the_o coin_n the_o exchange_n do_v control_v it_o and_o rise_v according_o and_o if_o you_o undervalue_v the_o same_o the_o exchange_n in_o like_a manner_n do_v fall_v in_o price_n wherein_o note_v the_o operation_n of_o exchange_n both_o here_o and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o place_n where_o exchange_n run_v upon_o the_o pound_n of_o 20._o shilling_n starlin_n if_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o coin_n be_v beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o exchange_n be_v not_o make_v according_o then_o our_o money_n be_v carry_v out_o if_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o coin_n be_v make_v here_o e_z contra_fw-la money_n will_v be_v import_v but_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n who_o observe_v the_o rule_n of_o exchange_n and_o will_v not_o be_v over-taken_v as_o we_o ●…e_v will_v over-rule_v the_o same_o ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la and_o ●…e_v you_o so_o much_o less_o in_o exchange_n as_o we_o shall_v ●…haunce_v our_o coin_n by_o valuation_n or_o embase_v the_o ●…e_n by_o alloy_n in_o like_a manner_n if_o you_o cry_v ●…wne_v money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n the_o exchange_n ●…ll_v alter_v in_o price_n according_o and_o if_o you_o cry_v ●…wne_v money_n here_o or_o underualue_n they_o by_o ●…me_n the_o exchange_n ought_v to_o rule_v and_o to_o make_v ●…e_a denomination_n according_o in_o price_n and_o still_o ●…maineth_v predominant_a over_o money_n and_o com●…odities_n predominant_a for_o even_o as_o commodity_n be_v the_o ●…dy_n of_o traffic_n draw_v unto_o they_o money_n and_o therein_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v active_a yet_o mo●…y_o be_v the_o right_a judge_n or_o rule_v which_o gi●…th_v or_o impose_v a_o price_n unto_o commodity_n 〈◊〉_d the_o thing_n active_a and_o commodity_n become_v 〈◊〉_d thing_n passive_a even_o so_o although_o money_n be_v ●…e_a subject_n whereupon_o exchange_n be_v make_v 〈◊〉_d ●…et_o still_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v to_o rule_v money_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o value_n thereof_o shall_v be_v ●…nswered_v by_o the_o public_a measure_n of_o exchange_n to_o prevent_v all_o abuse_n and_o inconvenience_n ari●…ng_v by_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n and_o the_o va●…uation_n of_o money_n in_o exchange_n which_o money_n be_v either_o real_a or_o imaginary_a according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n of_o exchange_n by_o the_o device_n of_o banker_n this_o be_v serious_o observe_v in_o the_o year_n 1576._o by_o diverse_a most_o honourable_a and_o grave_a counselor_n of_o state_n namely_o sir_n nichol●…_n bacon_n lord_n keeper_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n sir_n willam_n burghley_n lord_n treasurour_n of_o england_n t●…_n mass_o earl_n of_o sussex_n francis_n earl_n of_o bedfo●…_n sir_n francis_n knowles_n sir_n james_n croft_n and_o m●…_n stir_v secretary_n walsingham_n with_o the_o assistan●…_n of_o other_o worthy_a person_n of_o experience_n nam●…_n lie_v sir_n thomas_n chamberlain_n sir_n thomas_n gr●…_n ham_n knight_n master_n peter_n osborne_n mast●…_n james_n altham_n master_n thomas_n rivet_v and_o m●…_n stir_v richard_n martin_n master_n of_o the_o mint_n 〈◊〉_d they_o find_v that_o the_o follow_a inconvenience_n be_v practise_v by_o banker_n or_o exchanger_n for_o th●…_n private_a gain_n and_o benefit_n for_o the_o advance_v some_o commonweal_n and_o ●…e_v the_o destruction_n other_o commonweal_n to_o lay_v their_o money_n with_o gain_n in_o any_o place_n of_o the_o world_n where_o exchange_n lie_v exchange_n to_o gain_v and_o wax_v rich_a and_o never_o medd●…_n with_o any_o prince_n commodity_n or_o to_o buy_v any_o prince_n commodity_n with_o th●…_n subject_n money_n and_o not_o one_o penny_n of_o their_o own_o to_o understand_v whether_o money_n employ_v on_o exchange_n or_o commodity_n be_v more_o profit_n to_o live_v and_o increase_v upon_o every_o prince_n subject_n which_o take_v up_o money_n to_o wind_v out_o every_o prince_n treasure_n out_o of_o his_o realm_n who_o subject_n bring_v in_o more_o ware_n than_o they_o carry_v out_o to_o make_v the_o staple_n of_o money_n run_v where_o the_o rich_a prince_n will_v have_v it_o to_o unfurnish_v the_o poor_a prince_n of_o his_o provision_n of_o money_n in_o war_n to_o furnish_v their_o need_n of_o money_n that_o tarry_v the_o sell_n of_o their_o ware_n or_o commodity_n to_o take_v up_o money_n to_o engross_v any_o commodity_n or_o to_o incorporate_v any_o trade_n to_o hide_v their_o carry_v away_o of_o any_o prince_n money_n to_o fetch_v away_o any_o prince_n fine_a money_n with_o the_o base_a money_n of_o other_o prince_n to_o take_v up_o prince_n base_a money_n and_o turn_v it_o into_o fine_a and_o pay_v the_o party_n with_o his_o own_o to_o get_v all_o merchant_n money_n into_o their_o hand_n and_o gain_v thereby_o and_o pay_v they_o with_o their_o own_o to_o make_v that_o realm_n gain_v of_o all_o other_o realm_n who_o subject_n live_v most_o by_o their_o own_o commodity_n and_o sell_v yearly_o the_o overplus_n into_o the_o world_n and_o both_o occupy_v that_o increase_n yearly_o and_o also_o their_o old_a store_n of_o treasure_n upon_o exchange_n to_o undo_v realm_n and_o prince_n that_o look_v not_o to_o their_o commonwealth_n when_o the_o merchant_n wealth_n in_o such_o and_o the_o great_a house_n of_o one_o country_n conspire_v together_o so_o to_o rule_v th'xchange_n that_o when_o they_o will_v be_v deliverer_n they_o will_v receive_v in_o a_o other_o place_n above_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o mint_n of_o the_o prince_n money_n deliver_v and_o when_o they_o will_v be_v taker_n they_o will_v pay_v the_o same_o in_o a_o other_o place_n under_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o prince_n money_n take_v up_o to_o get_v ready_a money_n to_o buy_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v offer_v cheap_a and_o to_o raise_v the_o price_n of_o ware_n to_o get_v a_o part_n and_o sometime_o all_o his_o gain_n that_o employ_v money_n take_v up_o by_o exchange_n in_o ware_n and_o so_o make_v other_o travel_v for_o their_o gain_n to_o keep_v prince_n from_o have_v any_o custom_n subsidy_n or_o tax_n upon_o their_o money_n as_o they_o employ_v it_o not_o to_o value_v just_o any_o ware_n they_o carry_v into_o any_o country_n by_o set_v they_o at_o a_o value_n as_o the_o money_n that_o buy_v they_o be_v then_o at_o by_o exchange_n in_o the_o country_n whither_o they_o be_v carry_v by_o the_o premise_n we_o may_v see_v of_o what_o importance_n the_o operation_n of_o exchange_n be_v wherein_o the_o endeavour_n of_o sir_n thomas_n gresham_n think_v to_o rule_v the_o exchange_n of_o england_n by_o plenty_n of_o exchequer_n money_n prove_v fruitless_a and_o may_v have_v be_v do_v with_o more_o facility_n by_o direction_n as_o shall_v be_v make_v manifest_a this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o french_a king_n lewis_n the_o nine_o and_o philip_n the_o fair_a do_v consiscate_v the_o banker_n good_n and_o so_o do_v philip_n d●…_n ualois_n who_o indite_v they_o as_o coozener_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o it_o be_v find_v that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n with_o 24._o thousand_o pound_n they_o have_v get_v ●…e_a and_o twenty_o hundred_o thousand_o rep._n pound_n the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n will_v have_v be_v more_o sensible_a of_o the_o like_a loss_n if_o the_o hostile_a depredation_n heretofore_o make_v have_v not_o supply_v the_o same_o notwithstanding_o that_o the_o offer_v of_o queen_n elizabeth_n of_o bless_a memory_n ●…ere_o store_v with_o seven_o hundred_o thousand_o ●…unds_n starlin_n before_o the_o war_n with_o the_o ●…rle_n of_o tyrone_n in_o ireland_n wherein_o more_o than_o ●…uble_v that_o sum_n have_v be_v spend_v as_o i_o find_v 〈◊〉_d the_o account_n for_o this_o disorder_a course_n of_o ●…change_n as_o i_o have_v say_v be_v like_a to_o the_o cruelty_n of_o ●…e_a planet_n saturn_n which_o make_v his_o spheri●…ll_n course_n in_o 30._o year_n with_o great_a operation_n ●…d_v it_o be_v not_o many_o year_n less_o since_o i_o have_v ob●…ued_v this_o inconvenience_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o ●…ealme_n albeit_o envy_n have_v cross_v

the_o maintenance_n of_o free_a trade_n according_a to_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o other_o country_n or_o a_o answer_n to_o a_o treatise_n of_o free_a trade_n or_o the_o mean_n to_o make_v trade_n flourish_v late_o publish_v contraria_fw-la iuxta_fw-la se_fw-la posita_fw-la magis_fw-la elucescunt_fw-la by_o gerard_n malynes_n merchant_n london_n print_v by_o i._n l._n for_o william_n sheffard_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o his_o shop_n at_o the_o enter_v in_o of_o pope_n head_n ally_n out_o of_o lombard_n street_n 1622._o to_o the_o most_o high_a and_o mighty_a monarch_n james_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n france_n and_o ireland_n defender_n of_o the_o faith_n etc._n etc._n traffic_n most_o dread_a and_o gracious_a sovereign_n by_o nature_n admirable_a and_o by_o art_n amiable_a be_v the_o sole_a peacible_a instrument_n to_o enrich_v kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n may_v proper_o be_v call_v the_o praeheminent_a study_n of_o prince_n the_o rather_o because_o the_o sacred_a wisdom_n have_v approve_v this_o axiom_n that_o a_o king_n be_v miserable_a how_o rich_a soever_o he_o be_v if_o he_o reign_v over_o a_o poor_a people_n and_o that_o that_o kingdom_n be_v not_o able_a to_o subsist_v how_o rich_a and_o potent_a soever_o the_o people_n be_v if_o the_o king_n be_v not_o able_a to_o maintain_v his_o estate_n both_o which_o be_v relative_n be_v depend_v upon_o traffic_n and_o trade_n which_o be_v perform_v under_o three_o simple_n or_o essential_a part_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n whereupon_o have_v late_o peruse_v a_o treatise_n entitle_v free_a trade_n or_o the_o mean_n to_o make_v trade_n flourish_v wherein_o the_o author_n either_o ignorant_o or_o wilful_o have_v omit_v to_o handle_v the_o predominant_a part_n of_o trade_n namely_o the_o mystery_n of_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o public_a measure_n between_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n according_a to_o which_o all_o our_o commodity_n be_v buy_v and_o sell_v in_o foreign_a part_n his_o only_a scope_n be_v to_o have_v the_o money_n of_o the_o kingdom_n enhance_v in_o price_n and_o the_o foreign_a coin_n make_v currant_n within_o the_o realm_n at_o high_a rate_n whereby_o great_a inconvenience_n will_v follow_v i_o can_v not_o but_o be_v move_v both_o by_o my_o faithful_a allegiance_n due_a unto_o your_o majesty_n and_o the_o observant_a duty_n owe_v by_o i_o to_o the_o public_a good_a to_o make_v a_o answer_n to_o the_o material_a point_n of_o the_o say_a treatise_n by_o compare_v thing_n by_o contrary_n for_o the_o better_a illustration_n the_o rather_o for_o that_o it_o be_v publish_v in_o articulo_fw-la temporis_fw-la when_o your_o majesty_n vigilant_a princely_a care_n have_v be_v please_v to_o refer_v the_o consideration_n of_o this_o important_a business_n of_o state_n to_o the_o learned_a lord_n vizcount_n maundevile_n lord_n precedent_n of_o your_o majesty_n most_o honourable_a privy_a council_n and_o other_o person_n of_o knowledge_n and_o experience_n among_o who_o although_o unworthy_a myself_o be_v call_v and_o our_o opinion_n be_v certify_v unto_o your_o highness_n for_o the_o consideration_n of_o this_o weighty_a matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n be_v absolute_o to_o be_v submit_v unto_o your_o high_a wisdom_n and_o transcendent_a judgement_n by_o mean_n whereof_o according_a to_o the_o say_n of_o epictetus_n the_o philosopher_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la maximè_fw-la iudicis_fw-la aptare_fw-la vniversalia_fw-la singularibus_fw-la all_o cause_n both_o ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a be_v observe_v discern_v and_o apply_v to_o their_o proper_a and_o determinate_a end_n your_o majesty_n therefore_o may_v be_v please_v to_o vouchsafe_v with_o a_o gracious_a aspect_n the_o read_n of_o this_o small_a treatise_n which_o like_a unto_o the_o little_a fish_n mention_v by_o plutarch_n swim_v before_o the_o great_a whale_n give_v notice_n of_o dangerous_a shallow_a place_n shall_v be_v ample_o explain_v in_o a_o volume_n almost_o imprint_v entitle_v lex_n mercatoria_fw-la or_o the_o ancient_a law_n merchant_n which_o in_o all_o humility_n be_v to_o be_v present_v unto_o your_o most_o sacred_a majesty_n wherein_o the_o dangerous_a rock_n to_o be_v avoid_v in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o the_o mean_n thereunto_o conduce_v be_v manifest_v for_o the_o preservation_n and_o augmentation_n of_o the_o wealth_n of_o your_o highness_n realm_n and_o dominion_n to_o be_v effect_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n ground_v upon_o equality_n and_o equity_n according_a to_o ius_n gentium_fw-la which_o be_v chief_o maintain_v by_o the_o law_n merchant_n the_o knowledge_n whereof_o be_v of_o such_o moment_n that_o all_o other_o temporal_a law_n without_o it_o be_v not_o complete_a but_o imperfect_a worthy_a of_o commendation_n be_v those_o office_n who_o can_v by_o providence_n preserve_v the_o treasure_n of_o king_n and_o commonweal_n worthy_a be_v those_o that_o both_o by_o honest_a and_o lawful_a mean_n can_v preserve_v and_o augment_v they_o but_o worthy_a of_o all_o immortal_a praise_n be_v these_o who_o can_v and_o do_v by_o easy_a just_a and_o politic_a mean_n enrich_v kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n and_o thereby_o fill_v the_o prince_n coffer_n with_o stand_a treasure_n to_o serve_v all_o occasion_n in_o the_o two_o season_n which_o prince_n be_v to_o care_n for_o observe_v by_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n namely_o the_o time_n of_o war_n when_o arm_n be_v necessary_a and_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n more_o fit_v wholesome_a law_n in_o the_o theoric_n part_v of_o which_o study_n i_o have_v these_o forty_o year_n spend_v much_o time_n and_o charge_n at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o great_a personage_n and_o albeit_o nothing_o do_v encounter_v i_o but_o ingratitude_n yet_o my_o constancy_n to_o spend_v the_o remainder_n of_o my_o day_n therein_o in_o hope_n of_o practice_n be_v as_o immovable_a as_o the_o continuance_n of_o my_o daily_a prayer_n to_o the_o great_a jehovah_n to_o multiply_v your_o majesty_n day_n as_o the_o day_n of_o heaven_n london_n the_o 25._o of_o october_n 1622._o your_o majesty_n most_o loyal_a subject_n gerard_n malynes_n the_o maintenance_n of_o free_a trade_n according_a to_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o other_o country_n natural_a mother_n wit_n do_v teach_v man_n before_o art_n or_o science_n be_v invent_v that_o of_o all_o thing_n and_o in_o all_o humane_a action_n the_o beginning_n progress_n continuance_n and_o termination_n opus_fw-la or_o end_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v whereupon_o politician_n or_o statesman_n have_v note_v that_o the_o often_o compare_v of_o a_o thing_n unto_o his_o principle_n or_o original_a produce_v the_o long_a continuance_n show_v by_o digresion_n how_o the_o same_o be_v decay_v and_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o the_o first_o integrity_n and_o goodness_n for_o there_o be_v never_o any_o thing_n by_o the_o wit_n of_o man_n so_o well_o devise_v or_o so_o sure_o establish_v which_o in_o continuance_n of_o time_n have_v not_o be_v corrupt_v the_o consideration_n whereof_o be_v most_o requisite_a in_o the_o reformation_n of_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n as_o a_o matter_n eminent_a for_o the_o good_a and_o welfare_n of_o commonweal_n and_o especial_o for_o england_n quia_fw-la vita_fw-la civilis_fw-la in_o societate_fw-la posita_fw-la est_fw-la societ_fw-la as_o autem_fw-la in_o imperio_fw-la &_o commercio_fw-la according_a to_o this_o rule_n let_v we_o observe_v that_o all_o the_o traffic_n and_o trade_n between_o we_o and_o foreign_a nation_n be_v perform_v under_o three_o simple_n which_o be_v the_o essential_a part_n thereof_o namely_o traffic_n commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n for_o foreign_a part_n which_o may_v be_v apt_o compare_v to_o the_o body_n soul_n and_o spirit_n of_o traffic_n the_o first_o as_o the_o body_n uphold_v the_o world_n by_o commutation_n and_o barter_n of_o commodity_n until_o commodity_n money_n be_v devise_v to_o be_v coin_a the_o second_o as_o the_o soul_n in_o the_o body_n do_v infuse_v life_n to_o traffic_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o equality_n and_o money_n equity_n prevent_v advantage_n between_o buyer_n and_o seller_n the_o three_o as_o the_o spirit_n and_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v seat_v every_o where_o corroborate_v the_o exchange_n vital_a spirit_n of_o traffic_n direct_v and_o control_v by_o just_a proportion_n the_o price_n and_o value_n of_o commodity_n and_o money_n now_o even_o as_o money_n be_v invent_v to_o be_v coin_a of_o the_o pure_a metal_n of_o silver_n and_o gold_n to_o be_v the_o square_n and_o rule_n to_o set_v a_o price_n unto_o all_o commodity_n and_o other_o thing_n whatsoever_o within_o the_o realm_n and_o therefore_o call_v publica_n mensura_fw-la even_o so_o be_v exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n measure_n the_o public_a