never intended a Peace And Arguments of their Hostile Dâ—signs and Warlike Preparations every day broke out clearer and clearer until at last the so long feared Flâ—et set an end to the one sides hope and the other sides dissimulation But Dissention and Factions with By-names went not out of Holland with the Earl of Leicester but under this pretence the Garrison Souldiers both of Cities and Castles made Disturbances robbing and pilling every where especially they that by ill-ordering of the Treasury were behind in their Pay for fear of Peace hasted by Rapine to repay their Labour in the War At which time some were pleased that the third part of Pay should be offer'd which by the Custom of the Netherlands is always in Bank and never used to be disbursed but upon very good occasions Which because it could not speedily be obtained in regard it was the Remains of many Years and to be demanded of many they forthwith every one took to himself what Liberty or Licentiousness he pleased being defended a while by some English the Queen had sent As if the Name of English would have made these Crimes pass more currant The Souldiery of Geertruydenburg upon the receiving a great Sum of Money seemed cotented but into what an unâ—â—ly Baseness and Tâ—eachery they afterwards backe on I wâ—liâ—m its proper place relate Sonoi in the City of Medem like â—cituate on the Western Shore of the Frizian Gulph by the Rebellion of his Souldiers against him suffer'd the punishment of denying Obedience to Superiours Prince Maurice by Siege reduced these to the Obedience of himself and the States â—â—ssel also Governour of the Garrison in Flushing hoping to command in Chief all the Souldiers in Zeland and drawing to his Party Veren and Armuyden Towns in the sle of Wâ—lcheren with an Ambition of Rule was at length 〈◊〉 Queen's Commands who understood heâ—â—â— things a 〈◊〉 Renunciation of the Earl of Leicester which now 〈…〉 heard of forced to desist In other places the Seditions were appeased with less danger but every where with great Expence of Money These things though not bursting out till the following year I have mention'd in this place because they are coherent with the matter But before I settle my self to proceed in my impartial Relation of the following Troubles I think it will be a digression both satisfactory and pleasant to the Reader if I take a short View chiefly of such Domestick Affairs of our own as is necessary for other Nations to come to the knowledge such as was that War when a few People and they living in a narrow compass of Land and shaken with many grievous Slaughters should yet raise it self to such a Greatness against so mighty a Power as that of Spain Therefore I will compare what Bounds what Form of Commonwealth what Number of Forces and what Natural Dispositions and Inclinations were in this middle Time most usual with both these People After the Liberty confirmed by the League at Gaunt Don John of Austria had Conquer'd Namur Lutzenburg and Limburge The Duke of Parma gained by particular Agreements Artois and Henault by Treachery he obtained Flanders and Brabant and Mechlin he subdued by Famine excepting that in Flanders the Town of Ostend in Brabant Bergeâ—op-Zoom and Williamstedt so called from the Prince of Aurange together with some Castles all lying upon the Sea-Coast or by the sides of Rivers Frizeland and Over-Issell were in the power of the Vnited States onely the Spaniard had Groningen The rest Steanwic and Daventry excepted with as many other Fortresses were divided with the Enemy And they wanted not many Towns in Gelderland besides Arnheim Geldres Niâ—umegen Zutphen principal Cities and some less Carrisons held by the Spaniard Prince Maurice did wholly govern and Zeland after the rest there came under his Command beyond the Frizons the Dominion of the Sea and all other places which continued faithful to the States in the Enemies Country They took away every where the great President of having proper and peculiar Governours in Cities suffering none such but in the very uttermost Borders Nor must I omit to say something of their Neighbors Beyond the River Eomes is the County of East-Frizeland commonly called Embden-Land By the Maes and Rhine the Bishopricks of Colen and Leige the Governour whereof a Bavarian a Kinsman of King Philips who encompassing almost all the Belgike Provinces by divers Names of Ecclesiasticall Dignities possesseth most large Territories and although the Court of the Prince of Cleves and Juilliers had not yet been claimed by War yet either by infused Dread together with the pretence of the Burgundian Alliances it seems to incline towards the Spaniard and then if any of those Cities should fall to the like Religion as the Hollanders they had an Enemy close by them that would be no less implacable than theirs But Cambray which after the Defection of the Neighbour Cities being clogg'd and annoy'd with its own Garrison Valois had by his last Directions commended to the Kingdom of France his Protection Baligny who was appointed Governour thereof by the King's Mother Catharine kept after both their Deaths and he now joyning himself to the Guisian Faction while the Duke of Parma rejoyced at the prolonging of the War thereby to recover satisfaction for the wasting of the Country and King Henry driven out of his own Cities had no peace nor vacant time to mind these beginnings took to himself an Authority though he knew it could be of no long continuance These were their Bounds and Limits Now let us consider their Polity the Vnited States among whom the Prince of Aurange for a long time had the chief Authority in the King's Name and then in his own afterwards both his and the States Power sliding into the Earl of Leicester's Dominion were taught by Experience that the strength of the Empire divided into many Hands though it may suit better with Liberty yet is it more subject to discord if the fear of the publick Enemy be but abated but the Government it self lost nothing for what was substracted by any means from its power was doubly regained in the benevolence and affection of the People for Honours and Licences were wholly granted by it whereas Impositions of Taxes and Subsidies and other burthens were laid upon the People by another hand And besides such is the nature of the common People that they will generally lay the fault of all miscarriages upon those who are most active in the Common-wealth and yet for Victories they will only acknowledge one The Nobles and more potent men were wont by an antient Custom according to the hereditary right of their Possessions to govern the Country and the Inhabitants therein but Towns were left to be ruled by selected and choyce Citizens and the Reason was because the People imploying themselves in multiplicity of Affairs did not desire to be called together and assembled upon every occasion of electing Officers or making Laws
own him But when he declared himself a Catholike the face of Affairs were on a sudden very much changed for the fault of the defection from and aversion to the Kings Name and Title was wholly call on the other yet was not Philip terrified by this example but that he now assisted the Duke of Guise his Brother who made use of a double pretence of Piety not in private but in the view of the whole World not that he so loved him but that he might keep involved in discords that Kingdom which lying between him and the Low-Countries had formerly been very dangerous and troublesome to him and if his designs were crowned with success he would commit the same to some one of his own Allyance with a fiduciary Power And the Reason by him pretended for this was because he marryed Isabella the Daughter of Henry the Second King of France by whom he had a Daughter a Person most fit to govern that Kingdom either in regard to her Fathers Merits or her Mothers Blood and so much the rather because the Dukedom of Bretaigne as severall other Principalities of France were known to have been fortunately ruled by a Woman's hand On the other side the Duke of Savoy the Spaniard's Son in Law enlarged his Borders to the very opening of the Alps The Queen of England being informed by a particular Envoy that the Duke of Parma had sent Lamot into France with an Army both of Horse and Foot forthwith ordered a supply of mony to the King of France together with four thousand English Souldiers Neither were the States of the United Provinces backwards in granting him Assistance for first they sent Ships with Provisions and all other necessary Munitions for War then adding thereto mony far more liberally than the present exigencies of their Affairs would permit and this only in hope of a future benefit It was certainly a noble and an honourable act and that raised an emulation towards their moderated Liberty that they having so newly erected themselves into a Commonwealth should yet by their Riches support and help a Kingdom the success thereof proving no less advantagious to the French than distructive to their Enemies while the Walloons Country to whom formerly they committed their cause lying open and exposed to the mischief of War was equally damnifyed whether assaulted by the French or their own Souldiers Afterwards the Spanish Forces France putting a stop to their victorious times lay open to the Hollander who for eight years together increased their Treasury enlarged their bounds and augmented their Armies untill the Bourbonian by his own vertue and valour waded through all the threatning billows raised against him by his obstinate adversaries and himself at last becoming a Catholike brought under his subjection all parties rather laying aside his Arms than the memory of that Pristine League It seems here very convenient now we are relating the French Affairs to search as far as humane Reason can direct us how the Belgick troubles having the like beginnings should yet have so different a Progress For a Peace being setled formerly between King Philip and the King of France these two Princes seemed to be of one mind having concluded a mutual League to extirpate all Religions which had begun or increased either by impunity or War But the French Peers hating the Guisian Potency that they might not become contemptible as the Netherlanders to the Spaniards took occasion to draw the multitude now contending about Religion into Tumults and Arms but the Events were most unlike for there the Subjects obedience was preserved entire and consequently the Roman Catholique Religion carryed the day but so only as to keep under not oppress the other But here the old Form of Government is altered the differing Rites grow insociable neither allowing the other and so between Servitude and liberty become divided The cause whereof I suppose may be that the Guises or Lorraines being by themselves in private but weak did afterwards receive from abroad such small help as might indeed follow but not force their Fortune So that the main of their strength either consisted under the pretence of the Kings name or the affections of the vulgar which are mean supports and of no duration where there is any experiment of utility on the other side And the Kings of France have within themselves the whole strength of that one People so that they diminish their own Authority by tyrannizing and wholly loose what is spent in revenge And the very Commons though highly offended with the differences in Religion yet when once they became sensible of the miseries of War were not so desirous of revenge as Peace Hence proceeded those Edicts of Peace so often hastned so often withstood by the now divided affections of the People who might rather be said to lay aside War than to make and observe a Peace for being weary of a long War they were driven to force and treachery by the impulse of others not their own obstinacy and being always accustomed to a Kingly Government they might have been composed before if the one King famously knowing in the Arts both of War and Peace had tempered himself and his Laws according to the strength and prevalence of parties They who were newly gotten into power being ignorant how to use the time nourished discords by variety of evill deeds while they of a more active Spirit or such whose Riot incapacitated them either got or lost all and this was the only hindrance of Peace But on the other side the Spaniards having a King that wished the same things in hatred to the Belgick liberty and who was now grown old in the enjoyment of his Territories by the keeping abroad so great Forces never feared the Netherlandish Solitudes especially having Presidents both in Italy and America that where they could not subject into Provinces they should settle Colonies But the French were highly offended with the pride avarice and cruelty of this forraign Nation the very Catholikes themselves who had never faltered in point of Religion disliking their Customs some of whom having been before circumvented and deluded with the hope of better things becoming an example to the rest that they would with all violence exercise their malice as mistrusting the breach of Peace under that notion to hide their revenge Thus a War no less cruel than civill Wars use to be continued but still looked as forraign But Count William in Frizeland straitned the City of Groning not able to resist the greatness of his endeavours by scarcity and death having wasted all their Provision about the Country he got also Reide a Peninsula of a very convenient Scituation between the River Eâ—mes and the Bay of Dullart The City being suspected for this mischief cast it upon Verdugo because he had refused a Garrison from thence being both recruited this with a new addition of Foot and Nassau with more Horse sometimes with mutual fear sometimes taking opportunities
Castle it self within a moneth was restored to him This was the amicable issue of that business which was very pleasing to both parties at War in the Netherlands For it was a grievous thing to the Hollanders that one of the same Religion and related to the house of Nassau should be afflicted and the Archduke was sorely afraid lest those Armes pretended against Bulion should fall upon himself and therefore Lewis de Velasco that was sent to defend the Borders offered help to them of Sedan But the Brunswick Commotions began the former year the Duke having a spleen to the City because having bought their Privileges partly from his ancestors and partly extorted them they defended them with more then ordinary confidence relying upon the Hanseatick League He replete with hope that he could by his own power restore that Authority which the carelessness of his Ancestors had lost gathering together his Forces as if he had dreaded Spinola's coming over the Rhine first by ambushes planting some Souldiers he invaded the more outward of the two Walls that encompassed the City but the assailants being repulsed they fell to open hostility and a Siege which though the King of Denmark whose Sister was married to the Duke came with a notable strength to his assistance the Winter broke off The United States being requested by the Duke to send Count Ernest of Nassau as General with some Forces to his assistance were in a great suspense because it appeared to them an unseemly thing to oppress the liberty of another while they so hotly contested for their own and yet rather for the King of Denmark and the Duke of Brunswick's sake then the Hanseatick Cities who had not assisted the Hollanders either by wealth or any other kindness whatsoever it was thus moderated They would not send him but that he might goe with some new Forces if he pleased to whom some Colonels and Captains joyned and associated themselves requesting that for that time their Oath might be dispensed with being covetous to gain those rewards which are more readily given at the breaking out of a new War But this high contest was ended in a short time for at the entrance of the Spring the Leaguer about the Town being anew begun and the dam broken by which the Duke hoped to bring the restrained River upon the City and by that means to shorten the Siege the Hanseatick Forces being collected prevailed with him to desist from the War To both parties unable to bear the charge the Emperor's authority was interposed which commanded them that they should voluntarily and out of reverence to the Laws proceed judicially since they seemed in honor thereto to lay down their Armes Besides these affairs which were common to the Hollanders and their Enemies there were certain peculiar causes which hindred the Enemies Levies of men both in Britain and Italy For in Britain the King being forewarned how dreadful those Subjects were that acknowledged power superiour to the King conceived a new form of an Oath to oblige all his Subjects whereby they were â— confess him the true and lawful King of Britain and that he could not be deposed by the authority of the Church of Rome or the Pope and if that should be attempted yet that they should bear unto him faith and â—legeance and discover all things that might tend to the King's damage and that in the taking the said Oath they had no other meaning then the common use of the words expressed and that they did not hope to be absolved from the same From hence arose great discord even among the Catholicks themselves while part of them by the allowance of George Blackwel an Archbishop of England for so the Pope had entitled him took the said Oath without fear supposing a distinction between sacred and temporal affairs and as they ought to doe their duty to God in point of Religion so in all things else by the command of God himself they were bound to obey their Princes On the other hand some believed the Jesuites that humane things ought to be subservient to Divine and so that he who was the great Arbiter of Religion if necessity reâ—ited the same might transferre Kingdomes that being a most sacred Order that all things should be subject to one In the interim they that demurred at the taking of the Oath were forbidden to goe out of the Kingdome into any forein service And the Pope's authority in Italy made the like if not greater troubles and delaies For the Venetians fearing the wealth and potency of the Priesthood and imitating the Decrees of other Nations forbad them to build Temples or to give lands to Abbeys or Monasteries unless they were licensed thereto by Decree of the Senate and that the Revenues of Church-lands should at no time return to them besides they commanded some Priests to be put into Prison because they were accused of Sorcery Parricide Incest Falshood and publick Force Pope Paul the fifth by the instigation chiefly of the Cardinals Bellarmine and Baronius interpreting these things to be done in despight of him when they were refused to be taken away interdicted and excommunicated the City Cardinal Baronius in some Letters by him sent to the Venetians advised them among other things to take heed lest God being angry with them as he was once with the Hebrews should take away their Liberty and make a Lord over them Many Books were written wherein a long time it was disputed what was the power of the Laws or of any other Sentences upon those that were wholly devoted to Religion or whether the Pope's unjust commands obliged their Consciences The greatest part of the Priests in the Venetian territories did not abstain from performing all publick services in the Church and the Jesuites when they refused to doe the same were banished While this matter was hoped to break out into Arms the Spaniard who had received it from his Ancestors to augment the Troubles of Italy raised Souldiers there boasting himself the Defender of the Pope's Majesty On the other side the Hollanders partly out of hatred to the Pope and partly out of love to a free City promised the Venetians some assistance by Sea if they should be indangered for which they returned them great thanks by Letters with much candor of language But that prudent Senate as they would stoutly defend the rights of their Dominion so they studiously avoided all things that might hinder Peace or the ceremonies of greater affairs However this was the beginning of friendship between those two most potent people who would never endure the Rule or name of a King While these things were doing in forein parts at the beginning of this year the Hollanders send a Fleet into Spain to increase the dearth and scarcity of all things which was rumored to be there and also for vindicating those losses they had received by the violent assault of their Ships by Lewis Faizard the said Ships lying unprovided
Holland to carry home the wounded Men and the Body of Hemskerk which Admiral for the better preserving thereof was embalmed The Report of this Battel at Gibralter which was fought the 25 day of April was not yet arrived to the knowledge of the Hollanders but then supposed to have been brought by speedy Messengers out of Spain into Brabant when Naya then Resident at the Hague desired the Assembly of the States the 27 of April setting forth to them That he lately at their Request promised the Arch-Dukes should take care that the King of Spain should confirm the Articles when he had no such thing either in his Charge or Instructions And that the Arch-Dukes when they might have refused that Authority yet out of love to Peace by promising the same had made good his assurance to them Now therefore it was but just that as those Princes had by an extraordinary belief omitted nothing that might be conducible to Peace so the States on the other side should remove all things that might be Obstructions to the same intent and consequently should recall their Fleet out of Spain which had lately been sent thither to spoil all the Maritime Parts of that Country Moreover he desired That those things which had lately been agreed of late concerning the forbearance of encamping and invading each others Country might be declared in more express and plain tearms for that the words wherein they were expressed were more ambiguous And since many Things might happen before the first of September which ought to be published by the States in the Arch-Duke's Names He required Instruments of publike Credit and safe Conduct by vertue whereof he might without hazard go up and down between both Parties And now the greatness of the business in hand had wrought upon all Mens Minds insomuch that some of the principal Persons of each Province came and were present at the daily Debates of the Council At the first there was much hesitation concerning the recalling of the Fleet some Rumours of the Victory at Gibraltar being scatter'd abroad Whereupon some averred That it was convenient to prosecute their good fortune and that Peace should not be discoursed of but in the heat of War Others were of Opinion That they ought to shew as well in words as reality that their Minds were not averse from a true Peace which if it were not at that time brought to pass not onely the Sea should be secured but they would all unanimously resume their Arms not so much for Revenge of old Injuries as of their delusive Peace And it had almost hapned that they who desired Peace by making the Spaniard more secure and they that were against it putting the Enemy in fear and seeking after the Causes why Peace should be sought that they had brought to nothing their own Counsels Among these Transactions Embassadours came out of France the chief of whom was Mounsieur Peter Janine of old a great Supporter of the Guisian League but returning to his Obedience towards the King together with the Duke de Mayn and from thence forward was a Minister of great Fidelity and of great Estimation and Authority among the chief Counsellors for his great and eminent Experiments in points of Prudence having a Wit rarely skilful in handling Affairs of State and not onely knowing in the Theory and Practice of the Law but throughly instructed in all other good Arts Besides he was so prevailing both in Countenance and Words that when he endeavour'd most to hide himself his Judgment would most evidently appear With him were joyned Mounsieur Buzenvale formerly the King's Agent with the States and Mâ—unsieur Elias Playce who was Commanded to succeed Buzenvale in that Dignity It seems the King took it ill that they had begun to lay the Foundation of so great a Matter onely by the Knowledg and Advice of a few which he judged they ought not to have begun without his Approbation as well in regard of his Grandeur as the Benefits he had often done to the Hollanders Therefore the Embassadors according to the Directions given them premising many Things by which they declared how highly the King had deserved of that Commonwealth They presently fell to Complaints first bitterly inveighing against them who seeming to love the Thing yet spoke sharply of him as being ambitious to get the Dominion over them Afterwards when they had involved Themselves in Treaties with the Enemy they made a Clandestine Application to the King which also he could not but take in very evil part yet nevertheless he would not forbear at this time with Courtesie to set forth his Friendship by this his Embassie declaring That he would for the future assist them if they were necessitated to make War Or if they thought fit to make Peace He would by his Authority make the same to them just at the present and permanent for the future That some might be chosen out of the Assembly of the States that should before the Embassadors weigh the Ability of the Treasury and the ways and means conducing to Peace And lest the French Kings Authority might offend other of the Hollanders Allyes it was judged necessary to request the Kings of Great Brittain and Denmark as also the Prince Palatine and Marquess of Brandenburg to be aiding and assisting by their Counsells in these doubtful and ambiguous Affairs Upon Naya's demands after long debate that part prevailed who were for Peace Whereupon it was Decreed That the Fleet should be recalled from Spain assoon as king Philip should have confirmed the Articles granted by the Archdukes and that in the interim neither any new ships should be sent thither nor any provisions That in the Neighbour Sea which is enclosed within the Streights and narrow passage by Bulloin from thence forward should be a cessation of arms but upon this condition That none but Fishermen should be permitted to go out of the Ports of Flanders And as soon as Philips Instruments of Confirmation came the like cessation of Arms should be in all that Sea that runs by France and Spain as far as Cadiz and from thence all over the more inland Sea They consulted also for the same nearer to them by Land And thus the United States enclosed their jurisdiction and security within the famous boundaries of the Eemes the Vider the Issel the Rhine the Wael and below Grave the Maes all great Rivers of note but the Archdukes Countreyes were bounded with less famous Rivers such as Demmer and Gatt in Brabant Ley and Amand in Flanders All that lay without these Borders was subject to War excepting only the Cities Forts and Castles yet so as no bounds should defend the Souldiers themselves offering injuries one to the other either by Sea or Land Thus before Naya departed it appeared how little in vain be protracted his time among the Hollanders Notwithstanding all this it would not be granted that he should stay at the Hague for that the minds of
of money and raised the Siege and thereupon is presently saluted Prince of the delivered City Nor did he then intend further because the greatest part of the Army was in the hands of particular Leaders that followed him voluntarily and would not long stay with him Cambray is scituate in the Borders of the Netherlands the proper Seat of a Bishop but was reckoned under the Commands of both Dominions for the Germane Emperours and French Kings had often contended for it by War But in the last War with France the Emperour Charles detained it and built therein a Castle the Souldiers in Garrison whereof imprisoning their Governour joyned themselves and became Parties in the League made at Gaunt But Torney a Town in Flanders having been some while Beleaguerd in the absence of the Governour the Prince of Spina whose Wife besieged therein shewed a singular Example of Feminine Constancy at last fell into the power of the Duke of Parma The Fourth BOOK of the Dutch ANNALS FRANCIS of Valois went over into England where that he might strengthen his Friendship by a future Principality either himself or the hopes from him of a greater Fortune so pleased the Queen that notwithstanding the Difference in Religion there was a Treaty of Marriage upon certain Conditions admitted The Report hereof was very pleasing to the Dutch but it proved vain being founded either on a Dissimulation altogeâ—her fraudulent or else hindred by the Displeasure and Wrongs done by his Brother Or lastly his own unhappy Temerity which had rather win all things by Force Returning into the Netherlands with a Solemn State and Magnificent Attendance he undertakes the Government by the Name of Duke of Brabant and Earl of Flanders Besides the Old Laws there were some new ones added for limiting the Government according to the League made at Burdeaux to wit That once every Year the States General of the United Provinces should be Assembled without whose Consent no League might be made with the Spaniard by any Chief Commander in the War and at whose Request all Forreign Souldiers should be Disbanded In the ordering Matters of Religion and setling Forreign Garrisons every Province should be alike concerned The same should nominate Three Persons out of whom their Governors should be chosen And if any Difference happened among them the Duke should have the Hearing and Determining thereof That two French-men should be admitted into the Senate the rest at the present to be be chosen by the States hereafter by the Duke But of those nominated as is beforesaid And that the Netherlanders should have all chief Offices belonging to the Court Four and Twenty Hundred Thousand Florens a Year were promised every Year to the support of the War out of the Prince's Patrimony and that what wanted more was to be supplyed out of the private Treasure of the Duke or the King his Brother Now there was some hope that the Men of both Religions would continue faithful as well those who were of one Judgment with the Prince of Aurange as they who with Valois followed the Romane Opinion And these had Toleration to use their own Rites at Antwerp but no where further until they should take the common Oath of the Netherlanders concerning the New Government Nothing was expressed in publike but signs of Joy and he with much discretion carryed a sweet mildness in his Countenance and an affable moderation in his Speech Those that remained of the Nobility were inward much vexed when constrained to observe in the Throne â— the Burgundian Princes one of another Nation and that haâ— long been an Enemy to that Family to wit their changeâ— Lord and that they should intermingle among the Netherlanders with whom they never had any safe Peace and between whom the Hatred and Animosity even yet continue unto another Generation and is still attended with dangerous and unlucky Omens And the lawfulness of the former Oath and the Respect and Duty due to their Prince be â—â— what he would was not easily rooted out of the Minds of the Vulgar But on the contrary some there were whâ— would object to them their New Religion and that they should not contaminate so pious a Cause by the help of such as dissented from them The wiser sort feared Danger from this Discord and thence to find the French-mens Rigor But when it appeared that it had been privately agreed The Valois should have nothing but a Nominal and Temporary Right over the Hollander and Zelander though he had taken the Government of the Netherlands then the Prince of Aurange who had been the Original of that Council was found sâ— with as sharing in the Government and that he had from the first beginning of the Troubles always reserved the strongest and best Fortified Provinces to himself Notwithstanding his Name was affixed to all Laws and Publike Acts not haâ— he barely a Lieutenancy or Governourship but an absolute Dominion and Authority And the Name of Earl within those Provinces by most offer'd to him there wanted but a few Suffrages to win him to accept it when his Death hereafter shortly to be related took him off now drawing near to receive the Rewards of his long and unwearied Labour But others rather troubled hereat that they should be separately subjected to the French Power had rather choose to submit to the Prince of Aurange his Authority who because he was unable of himself to Desend all had therefore not unworthily taken to himself a Partner It really appeared in the time of his Infirmity how great the Affection of the Multitude was towards him For when he lay very weak at Antwerp of the Wound which the King of Spain's Assassine had given him the whole City powred forth with sorrow both Prayers and Tears in their Churches for him That God would avert his Fury from them as is usual in Cases where the Publike Parent of the Country is in danger And at that time he did recover his Health yet the Remainder of his life was always attended with Spanish Conspiracies to destroy him there being many times taken persons that lay in wait for the Lives both of Him and of Valois While the Duke's Forces drew together slowly Parma led his Army into Flanders where he took Oudenarde a City so called from the Antient Neraii who formerly Inhabited those Parts that Bordered upon the Schelde by a Three Moneths Siege and a Storm which he effected the more easily because the Townsmen refused the Garrison which would have maintained it Thence after he had encamped in all the Parts adjacent to Bruxels endeavouring to straiten the City by wasting and consuming all the Fruits of the Ground wearied out by the sharpness of Winter at last he withdrew and retired from thence In many things how much doth Expedition prevail for thereby Valois on a suddain among other Towns won Alost from the Enemy and Parma's Souldiery by Treachery of the Garrison won Lyra This place was of great Concernment
by the guilt and treacheries of some of the Townsmen But the Treason being discovered and punished he straightly besieged it as he had begun resolutely keeping his first designed Station near to Hemerte Castle though the River breaking over his bounds had by its excessive increase over-flowed all the Fields And now Hesdin whs not so much afraid of Foâ—â— as Famine it being defended against the Enemy who had encompassed it about at a great distance by Famarsh who was a man of undanted Resolution and would not doubt to undergo the greatest Extremities But Prince Maâ—ia prevented it who gathering a sufficient Number of Men from the next Garrisons brake through where the Enemy was thinnest bringing in all things whose want was feared These things thus done Mansfeldt with Ships Guns and other Warlike Engines set upon having carryed thither some part of his Army the Castle Holow in the Isle of Bommel In this place there was Endeavour strength and sufficiency of Defence but Sidenborg by a too hasty yielding took away all occasions both of Hope and Fear He seemed to lay 〈◊〉 fault thereof upon the Souldiers and that with the great Confidence because many of them had been kill'd the Spaniard as they marched out cruelly butchering them without the Knowledg or Consent of their Captains with the Garrison of this place and of Creveceur over against it which being destroy'd by Count Hohenlo the King's Officers had re-builded entring the Island at the meeting of the River Maes and a little Rivulet call'd Dise they wasted the open Fields and all other indefensible places both of Forts and Castles not well knowing which way they should evade the Rivers being swell'd with Showers tearing down the Fortifications begun at the very ending of the Island over against Gorrichou Afterwards by other Directions invading divers places beyond the Wael now they come to Gelderland anon they trouble Vtrecht and last of all the Island Voâ—rne not far from Bommel and two years before strengthned by the Nassauians with a Castle where hearing this Count Hohenlo with a selected Party of Horse and Fodâ— drew nigh with an intent to fight them Mansfeldt afraid of the Report in regard there was no possibility of his stays after he had consumed the Spring and the Summer in vain â—at the best but Trivial Matters wherefore re-passing the Maes by the suddain madness and fury of a Spanish Regiment for want of their Pay which he endeavour'd to appease was like to have been slain Saurius Laeva was their Collonel and beloved as well by the Souldiers as by Mansfeldt himself though they had lately had some difference in words Nay there were some that did believe the Prince of Asculus and Duke of Pastrana had under-hand in hatred to the Duke of Parma encouraged the Sedition Without doubt the Parmian Prince excelling all the Spanish Commanders in Glory and the Greatness of his Atchievments had contracted upon himself great Envy and the rather because he openly shew'd a greater Respect to and put a stronger Confidence in the Italians from whence it came to pass that some would no less find fault with his Vertues than Miscarriages which were but accidental openly affirming that he betray'd the Spanish Fleet that all his Endeavours against the Netherlanders were nothing worth and many other such like Things But his Conquering so many of the Provinces being the greatest part of the Netherlands and the unwearied and strenuous Labour taken by that People against him were clandestinely represented to the King as much as might be to his disadvantage though under the shew of praise and admiration Nor had their fear of him been vain if his Life had been prolong'd to the detriment of the Spanish Empire least being famous for War and his Clemency in Governing for which even his Enemies loved him he should as many then Reported alter and change his present Possession for Portugall belonging of Right to his Son Certainly either Philip as it is the Nature of Kings being apt to be timorous and suspectful himself frustrated his Fortune while he over-charged him with Honour or else necessitated by reall Poverty did restrain his excessive Charges However it was the Prince of Parma on the one side by Care to provide against all those Evils that Penury uses to bring forth and on the other over-toiled with the Weight of present Affairs fell sick which caused him to go into Germany to the Span Waters And after this time he was never perfectly in Health nor was fortunate in his Undertakings as before For which cause the Italians a Nation infinitely jealous and taking for Truth whatever they imagine reported that the Spaniards had poyson'd the Duke and the Bruic thereof seeming to be made out by their other Cruelties prevailed but chiefly because every one is willing to believe any Evil of a Spaniard But this was not without some shew of Reason 〈◊〉 Prince Maurice having intercepted divers Letters among the rest had those wherein Parma was grievously accused â— King Philip which the Prince sent to him But he as it were not minding this Kindness of his Enemy nor returning 〈◊〉 Thanks invited the Inditer of those Letters one John Mâ—â— to a Feast which he did not long over-live which gave new matter for Discourse This More was he that with great Cunning Policy and many Largesses and Bribes had promoted the Spanish Affairs in France and this manner of Talk was the more frequent because he who was believed the Minister of Revenge had not any Reward but rather was cast out of Favour Upon this occasion the Duke sent â—â—chardot into Spain to clear him of those Aspersions cast upon him because he did not aid the Spanish Fleet The King publikely heard him and the Duke of Medina-Sidonia that was likewise accused and seemed to pardon both the Dukes The Tumult of the Souldiers a little before mention'd being appeased with the punishment of a few and the Regiment disbanded though it had been long in the War Mâ—â—feldt was commanded with seventy compleat Ensigns toâ— directly thence to take Berck on a suddain That City belonging to the Bishop of Colen had now been strongly fortifies three years from the time the Duke of Parma departâ— thence Truxius and Nienarius having lately gotten it That having referred his cause This his Quarrell to the Vnited States had deliver'd the disputed Possession thereof to them as indifferent Judges and Moderators between them But at the beginning of this Year the Hollanders being stronger than they in Horse made a Bridge over the Rhine and furnish'd it with Souldiers and Provisions For this cause at the Request of the Bishop who came in person to the Duke of Parma Varembonius the Governour of Gelderland for the King was sent with part of the Army to see if he could reduce it either by force of starving In their Journey thither he fell upon but not without loss the Castle of Blybeke this place Collonel Schenck not minding
endeavouring violently to break through and aiming with his Sword dangerously to have wounded Herangier fell down and was killed valiantly fighting But Charly to whom was given the Command of the other part of the Souldiers drove the Enemies Garrison into the innermost part of the Castle which was incompassed round with Water These were kept in hope to the very utmost by Paulo Antonio Lanzavecchia who was Deputy-Governour of Breda under his Father a young Man and utterly ignorant in Stratagems of War Odoardo Lanzavecchia the Father Prince Maurice had caused to stay at Geertruydenburg three miles distant from Breda seeming as if he would draw thither his Fortes and Carriages and to that purpose some were sent under the notion of Spyes who by spreading a false Rumour should make them insensible of the Truth And surely the Duke of Parma was very much over-seen who had committed two Towns to one Man's keeping when one Man is hardly able to defend one Town and let other Rewards without Danger be for such as deserve well therein But Paulo Lanzavecchia to try if by chance he could force this small Company out by Battel passing out over the Bridge sallyes upon the Enemy with a Company of Men crowded together they were about Thirty and Six But they were soon vanquish'd by them who could not at that time be overcome and himself sorely wounded most of his men being kill'd he fled back the same way he came By this time they heard a Noise of People fighting within the City and the Townsmen came to break open the Castle Gates that Heraugier's Souldiers might not drive away with their Shot out of the Gallery above the People and clear the adjoyning Parts At last the sign being given that the Design had taken Count Hohenlo presently marched up with a part of Prince Maurice his Army who were not far off upon the Espyâ—l being come to the Gate and perceiving the 〈◊〉 made them lose time they passed over the Lock or Damne beyond the Palizadoes nor did Paulo Lanzavecchia deâ—eâ— to Covenant for his own Safety by the Surrender of what he held in the Castle The Prince himself immediatly follow'd Hohenlo with another greater part of the Army consisting both of Horse and Foot who coming to the Gates threatned to force them open Then the City trembling and deprived of the Garrison that should have defended it redeemed their Pillage with two Months Pay to the Souldiers for the Italians 〈◊〉 whom the Guard and Defence of the Town was committed being six Companies of Foot and one Troop of Horâ— whose Duty it had been to have broken the Bridge beâ— the Town and the Castle or at least to have kept the Gate from being seized by the Enemy being struck into an amaze at the noise and clattering of Arms in the Castle and withall not well agreeing among themselves were easily wrought to fly and leave all to the Enemy and which possibly might be another Reason to the same purpose being the more afraid of the Enemy by how much they were generally hated by their Hosts who had quarter'd them for that while they enjoyed the Town they abstained from no sort of Villany but raged in all kinds of Lusts Therefore when the Duke of Parma set himself to Revenge this popular Errour and Crime of the Souldiers to take the shame from himself all that were designed for punishment as Fugitives and Renegadoes though late suffered the punishment inflicted on them for theiâ— Fault excepting onely one Intemelio for whom his Youth and Nobility obtained a Pardon and Odardo Lanzavecchia as it were in punishment of himself left off and surrendred the Governorship of Geriruydenburg Prince Maurice now entring the City took into Command and Tuition those his Antient Paternal and Hereditary Possessions and all the Citizens living therein his Youthful Modesty rather grieving at than accusing the City charged with the Payment of the Souldiers Wages and many many more of them had their Names in the List than were present in the Service for the Prince would not seem to mind those private things although the Sum amounted to a Hundred Thousand Florens when Antwerp paid to the Duke of Parma but Four Hundred These things thus done the Government of the Town was bestowed upon Heraugier and the rest were all of them afterwards both rewarded and preferred to Honourable Commands The States Decreed Publike Feasting and other Testimonies of Rejoycing and that there should be Prices of Money Coined which should be as a General Record to Posterity of this first Victory obtained by their Prince without the effusion of his Souldiers Bloud which afterwards was drawn into Example by Custom as oft as any great and prosperous Success crown'd their Actions And there were not wanting some Wits who Celebrated the Prince's Auspitious Beginnings and magnified the Gallantry of the Design averring That the entring of Troy by Graecian Lords in a Wooden Horse was a Stratagem very like this or it may be was an Eminent Ship so called They compared the Fortune of the Place which nine years before by the Absence of the Garrison the Treachery of the Watch and Slaughter of the Citizens Altapen Count Berlaymont's Son surprized and took Thus every Man's Fancy was in Agitation but we must not dwell here The Companies being left in the Town which were to defend it and some Troops of Horse on purpose to make Incursions into the Villages of Brabant the Army marched away And the Provisions carryed in by provident Care of those whom the Prince knew had been privy to the Design served the place a long time But as soon as a Messenger brought News thereof into Germany to the Prince of Parma who now weary of the Toil of War it may be by Advice had desisted from Hostility until he received Letters from Spain least he should suffer without taking Revenge the Country to be spoiled he commanded Charles Mansfeldt who had Reduced Berck to go thence with some part of his Forces and to shut up all the Passages to Breda in order to â— Siege being moved thereto by a false hope that there was onely a few Days Provision in the Town and besides imagining that the Townsmen would not be yet contentedly setled under their New Lords On the one side therefore Gertruydenberg straitned it the rest Mansfeldt surrounded with strong Guards yet they feared Relief would be brought thither from behind for the River Merck runneth into the Maes and maketh hard by many little Islands which Princeâ— Maurice had fill'd with Souldiers And the River it self where it runs by Breda he had inclosed with a Bridge and a strong Castle at a place called Terheiden From hence the Souldiers highly enraged match out to Sevenberg a Town scituate in the further part of that Continent and force it together with a weak Castle belonging to it their greatest labour was spent about Nordam which is a Castle scituate in a very moyst ground and in former times
boggle at the most adventurous Enterprizes With great speed therefore an Expedition into Frizeland was begun and least in the absence of the Army the Enemy should make any Imâ—ons the Regiments lately raised in Holland were ordered to keep good and strong Guards upon the Wael The Prouisions of War and all other Things that might impede their Journey being put aboard some Ships were carryed out of the Issel into the Zuyderzee and so through the Ocean to the River Ems. The Souldiery by this means free from Porsage onely in passing over the Marshes they carryed besides their Daily Provision Faggots were led into that part of Over-Issels which is called Drent where the People had inclosed their Marshy Grounds with a great many young Shoots of Places growing together for the Enemy stopped the better way being possessed of Coevorden which some did advise the Army to take as they went least from thence the Enemy should pâ—e them in the Rear averring that Verdugo who kept that Castle might easily be beaten thence either by some Stratagems publike Force or want of Victuals But this Câ—â—el was not approved by reason of the difficult bringing either of great Carriages for Battery in a Land-March and also because there was less necessity of fighting at Groeâ—â—g Among many other inconveniencies the Army met with in their March thither one was a Meor containing in 〈◊〉 Three Thousand five hundred Paces And though the upper Crustiness of the Turf was so hardned notwithstanding Natural Moisture underneath that it would endure a few to go over it yet such as follow'd in the Third or Fourth Rank sunk so deep into the yielding Mud that they could hardly be drawn out though sometimes their Captains came and gave their helping hand to them that so the Toil might not seem so grievous to the Souldier and in a few hours the whole Army had passed it which all the Inhabitants thereabouts had thought impossible to be done But the Souldiers could not be restrained by any Authority to forbear Injuring to the Country as they marched according to the Evil Custom of Armies their pilfering stealing and wasting of what would have served for many days had almost caused want of Provision and that would have bred a Sedition but that the Ships came in season loaded with Provision to prevent the same Now were all the Tents pitched about Groening where the Prince conceived a good hope of Success from the variable and unconstant behaviour of the Vulgar against those in Authority as also from the Discords within the City But indeed too confident in their words by Relations above Truth had for their own advantage drawn the Army thither 'T is true there were some within who remembred the League of Union but they were over-powred by the adverse Faction Moreover Verdugo upon the Report of the Armies coming into those Parts had strengthned both Steoâ—wic and Coevorden with Garrisons and with the Remainder of his Forces was come to Groening before Prince Maurice yet was not for all that admittâ— within the Gates for the City when it first submitted excepted that one particular but kept his proper Guards in the Suburbs as well to the Terrour as the Aid of the City The Prince not staying above six days there for fear the City should as out of Necessity admit that Garrison within their Walls and so for the future all their hopes be utterly lost an likewise because he heard the Duke of Parma was preparing an Army to raise the Siege on a suddain falls upon all the circumjacent Forts whereby all the Ways and Passages of Rivers were stopped And which had in the Series of this long War been often subverted by the Frizons and as often re-built Great was the Fear and Dread of the Souldiers as having been more accustomed to Theft and Depopulations than Fighting few of them enâ—uring more than the very sight of the Caâ—on and the weake places they left without any Siege at all The greatest Castle of all named Delfeziel and famous for a Hâ—ven where Fivel falls into the Ems was held by Souldiers of Groening the conveniency of the place had of old wâ—ough upon all that desired the Dominion of the City to get or keep iâ— which the Duke of Alva attempted but was hindred by the Times The States now having gotten this place inlarged the Old and strengthned it with new Works making the Tributes of the places near thereto bear the Charge dividing the Sea-Bank from the Rampire and building Houses therein threaâ—ning Groening That unless they repented they would not leave it any Inhabitants And at the same time a great wâ— of all Things shrewdly tempted the inclosed to alter their Faith and consequently their Lords But after the Prince had drawn away his Army Verdugo making his way by force through the weakest Fort opened a Passage to the City out of Westfalia by Bourtange But the Duke of Parma coming too late to help either Zutâ—â— or Deventer and imagining the Enemy durst not have â—â—â—uted so far for that many of the Spaniards by reason of their ill pay would not be commanded doubtful whither he should lead his Forces being now met together about the Maes and the Rhine either to distract the Enemy in his Design or to match after him voluntarily which would be the more noble and so to help Groening as he was desired he was deterred from the latter by the excessive greatness of the Iourney and besides all the Country lying between was wasted and spoiled either by the Frizon Souldiers or his own Wherefore at last he resolved to answer the desire of Nimmeghen whither being come he commanded the River to be passed over and the Fort which Prince Maurice had the former year begun to be besieged himself would do all that was necessary in the City Count Barlaymont lay upon that side of Knodsenburg which looks Eastward Another was Beleagueâ—'d by Octavius Count Mansfeldt who was shortly after shot by the Besieged and dyed of the Wound He was a Noble Person and although but young yet ambitious of Honour and for the winning thereof would shun no danger The back-side of the Fort was inclosed by the Horse and some other Regiments Lamotte brought thither the Artillery with ease by the help of the Rising Bank He afterwards finding the Bulwark too strong for the Cannon though a great part of the Ravelin was beaten down and seeing the Enemy were not terrified at the sight of the Army drawn up in Battel Array against them filled the Trench with Oziers and other Boughs and after that sends some privately to undermine the Bulwark they in the mean time who were to fill the Ditch helping the Work forward with many of their dead Bodies But the Defendants that were Six Hundred under the Command of Gerard Junius a Man of great Courage were ready in all places to answer the Force or Policy of the Enemy with Shot and otherwise many times by
successful Sarlies disturbing their enterpâ—sed beginnings At this time Prince Maurice had left Groening and was going against Steenewie when heating of the Siege of Kâ—senburg he left Count William to defend the Frizons and himself with a flying Army coming to Arnheynie an Iâ—e of Holland by Signs encouraged the Besieged and likewise from thence sent Messengers that got through the adverse Army unespy'd by Night in a Boat But the Nassaniaâ— Commanders differ'd in Opinion whether they should 〈◊〉 the Enemy in the Field and fight him or passing the River Wael should fortifie themselves and hinder their Adversaries of Provision and make them leave the Works and Guns they had setled upon the side of the Hill by Niâ—â—ghen There was difficulty and danger in both these Attempts for without all doubt the Enemy was stronger in Horse whose Force and Valour they had often tryed both in Fight and Forraging At length Fortune determin'd their Doubt which many times is as profitable as Prudence for the Prince with Count Solms and Sir Francis Vere being brought near the Enemies Camp hid part of the forwardest Regiments with some Troops among the Thickets adjoyning to the way Other part of the Horse were commanded to march a good way forward to draw on the Enemy upon whose approach they were to seem to fly as if they were overpower'd for most of the Italians in Ten Troops among whom was the Duke of Parma's own Lifeguard were come out to pursue them and they were not to face about till they had drawn the Pursuers beyond the River and a narrow Bridge that went over it which being brought to pass according to expectation suddainly they that fled turned again and the others that lay in Ambush coming in they were inclosed and every valiant man among them dyed in the place he stood the rest were scatteringly slain as they were met with onely some few while the Conquerours took the Ensigns and some prisoners alive and the Horses escaped and fled to the Camp With the grief whereof and the loss of so many noble and valiant men not thinking it safe any longer to stay in the Enemies quarters he gave over his vain Siege but pretending that he was commanded to march once more into France and that the great Affairs of theâ— Kingdom were not to be neglected in striving to win a few Forts or Castles in Holland Wherefore sending the Carriages before he Transported his Army having onely built some slight Works upon the River to keep the Nassauians in play least they should fall upon his Rear and as soon as his Army was all over the Water he commanded them to make a stand that they might secure the ships coming after them But the City was highly displeased at his departure some few spoke of him favourably most smother'd their Anger in a threatning silence but the baser sort of people cover'd nothing of their Madness but shew'd their Fury in their Speeches as if they could by them draw back an Old General that fled at the sight of a stripling Enemy Undoubtedly Parma's Mind having always been accustomed to win Honour was grievously afflicted with this Disgrace so that his former Disease now again increasing be together with his Son Ranutio who lately came out of Italy augmented his Fathers Vexation that he should be a Witness of his Misfortune went to the Spaw there among the variety of his present Discontent and former Fortune to drink of the Waters From thence he sent to the Mutinous Spaniards at Diest for pacifying whom he gave a very prejudicial Example to wit That Emanuel Vega a Captain who was more severe than the Villany of the Souldiers would bear should be displaced and another put into his room The Citizens of Nimmeghen did many of them begin to look after Liberty especially after Desperation had multiplied those Evils which before they had scarcely undergone with the Promises and Expectation of better Things For six years before following the Duke of Parma's good Fortune 〈◊〉 by a general Consent but the Faction of a small Party when the Government of the United States after a long time and by much care came to be setled without whose Consent whatever Duty or Obedience they shewed was without any Affection yet they chose Safety and Profit And from that time there began a mutual Commerce between them and the Hollanders who suffer'd the Ships of Nimmeghen to go through the Wael because then the Channel of the Râ— wanted Depth of Water to bear them But in the Garrison were Three Companies one of Forreigners two of men â—ised within the Town for they positively refused to admit of more and as any one offended more heinously the parties of the great Ones they would by vertue of their received Power threatningly restrain or punish the Offenders There wanted now onely a close Siege least the Enemies Forces should lye at lurch about the Maes and that was onely delayed by the excessive increase of Water in the Wael so that there could not be had any use of a Bridge However the Souldier rested not long quiet in his Winter-quarters though they were purposely at a great distance the more to increase the Conquering Enemies Security For Prince Maurice prosecuting his good Fortune draws out of his Garrisons part of the Regiments and with them marches over the Scheldt into the Land of Wase and at the same time the Horse made an Intoad into Brabant And the fifth day after having taken all the Forts thereabouts Hulst a Town in that Province was deliver'd to him The suddainness of the Action amazed the Garrison Souldiers for the Governor by chance was gone out of Town before the Siege upon private occasions of his own and also because the Prince had digged through the Bank to make the River overflow all the adjacent places and by that means stopped the Enemy from assisting them The whole Land of Wase was given to the Souldiers to spoil and pillage until they promised Tribute and sent Hostages to the States for payment of the same But the Neighbours of the Hollanders seeing all the best of their Fruits and other Provisions possessed by the Enemy Prince Maurice's Army being gone as fearing to have bin met with unawares in the Enemies Country by the Duke of Parma cause Mondragâ—io the Governour of the Castle at Antwerp to take Arms who accordingly with the next Souldiers he could get and such as lived about the Maes goes over the Scheldt but not daring to look upon any Town for Count Solms defended them and Repaired the Works he recovered the Forts and Sconces in the Country and Erected some nâ—w ones for the straitning or cutting off Excursions Hereupon the Inhabitants of the Country denyed their promised Tribute supposing and not without Reason that the Clemency of the Enemy would not break its wonted bounds and revenge the injury upon the innocent pledges All things succeeding thus even beyond his wishes the Prince once again drawing his
with so small Forces had compassed such long Marches through divers Countries and reduced them from the Contribution and Prey of the Enemy for the future to be safe by the Boundaries of Rivers was celebrated with the more than ordinary Affection and Joy both of the States and People Insomuch that some of the Princes of Germany publikely in their Dyet made the Motion That he might be made General of the War against the Turks whose Valour and Fortune it was probable would put new Life into the Hungarian Affairs which then lay gasping through unprosperous Successes But this Joy did not continue long without a Repulse being inteâ—rupted by a Domestick Affliction because his Sister Aemilia being stricken with Love without the Knowledge either of her Bâ—other or the States was marryed and this she did as believing or hoping thâ—t their Pardon would be sooner obtained for such an Action than their Consent This Lady hitherto unspotted from the Evil or any of the Germane Manners was allured by the Speeches and Countenance of Emanuel who was noâ— unskilled under the Similitudes of Obsequiouâ—ness to find means no raise Pity especially because being a young man and of Royal Birâ—h he was by Force and Injury driven from his Paternal Inâ—tance for he boasted Don Antonio for his Father who for a while was King of Portugal This man with his Brother Christopher having wandred thâ—ough France England and all other places in Hostility with King Philip seeing the young Lady and conversing with her as oft as he pleased which Liberty is granted by Custom and remains as the onely Relique of Antient Simplicity since it self was lost he assumed the hoped of Affinity with the Nassuian Family although besides the inequality of his Fortune there was a discrâ—pancy in the Religion which they â—oth professed from their Father At first therefore this new Bride and Bridegroom are forbidden the Princes presence and thereupon for asswaging his Anger they retired to Wesel from whence returning into Holland with their small Revenue they lived after the manner of private persons This was so much the more grievous to her being the Prince of Aurange's Daughter and Niece to the Duke of Saxony because both before and also at the same time she had Sisters of the Bourbonian Bloud by the Mothers side that by the Authority of the State who gave them Portions out of the Publike-Stock lived like Princes in great state and with a noble Retinue for Ludovica Julianâ— was marryed to the Prince Palatine one of the Electors of the Empire Isabella to Henry Duke of Bulloyne and Catharina surnamed Belgica to Philip Count of Harcovia a Person of no small Wealth among the Franks But Carola to whom the Brabanders would have that Name given was bestow'd upon Claudius of the Family of Tremoyle Duke of Tuart in Poictou a man of eminent power for whose Marriage sake Henry Frederick obtained to have an Embassage from the States as well to see the manners of France with his Mother as the King The Winter this year proved dangerous to Holland on that side towards the North by breaking down the Banks and causing great Inundations the like whereof hapned also about Groâ—â—gen And the frequent breaking out of Fires in Amsterdam made them there have suspition of Treachereous dealing from the Enemy With the Arch-Duke there was such a scarcity of Money that the Souldiers began to mutiny in every place for beginning at first in Gelders the Example passed to Wachtendone and thence soon after to Calais Câ—mbray Ardres Capelleâ— Chasteâ—et Lire Dorsan Sclâ—ya Sâ—um and Gaunt which were all infected with the same Contagion In some places they thrust out their Captains in other places the Officers joyned voluntarily with the Souldiers and when a little money was procured and sent to some of them that was but a provocation of others that had none to the like or greater Disorders chusing rather the Rewards of a Licentious Sedition than the empty Honour of an unprofitable Obedience Hereupon several Cities refused to receive Garisons And the Arch-Duke himself with his Retinue was shut out of Venloo and all the rest of the Winter was spent in divers contrivances relating both to Beaâ— and War even until the beginning of the following Year â— Some Traytors also were hired to bring the Spaniards into the Isle of Tolen but they exâ—iated their impious and unhappy Designs with the loss of their Lives And againâ— another while a Party was sent to take the strong Hold of Barghen-op-Zoom by force while yet the Fortifications were imperfect and at the same time another select Band to force the Gate of Gertruydenberg but both of them being discover'd by Scouts were forced to depart without attempting any thing About this time all Things seemed to incline towards Peace for Philip himself being wearyed out both of his Courage and Forces by a Forreign War with France a Naval War with England and as it were a Civil War in the Netherlands and learning by Example That many times Hopes are destroyed by Hopes or that the hasty Steps of Old Age and Diseases wherewith he was now broken had inclined him to more wild and moderate Counsels he desired to hide his Arms or to distract and break the new-made Society of his Enemies And the Opinion of most was that he chiefly aimed to rid himself of the French and Dutch Wars that so he might the more readily revenge himself upon England and with the less charge for in France the loss of Aâ—iens and in the Netherlands of several Cities beyond the Rhine had much increased his Enemies Forces and lessned his own besides the Country was wasted his Credit exhausted from whence grew Seditions it being impossible to keep a setled and strict Discipline where the Souldiers want their Pay and if any part of the Souldiery be sent away while the Enemy hovers up and down it is very dangerous because both the Cities of the Netherlands and the Nobility are for their forepassed Acts as much suspected as any In the mean while among the Hollanders the Country is secure and the Sea open which daily yields much profit and still promiseth more And to this purpose certain Letters written by Albertus to the King and intercepted spoke It pleased him therefore to begin with the French King because under the pretence of the same Religion that seem'd both more feazible and convenient especially since Pope Clement had often admonish'd him That since the Family of Bourbon was receiv'd into the Romane Church he should incease to trouble him And if he yet did proceed further that his former Wars would seem to have been made more out of Ambition and the Thirst of Empire than his Care of Religion or Piety Adding moreover all that could be said for the advancement of Concord among Christians and promoting the War against the Turks But Philip along time contemned all these Warnings though now at last he began to approve thereof but chiefly
Crimes they afresh batter'd and by the Ruine of the Gate not without bloud took Calcar a City of Cleves professing the Roman Religion which had refused to admit Souldiers of its own Jurisdiction but as a Winter Garrison Goch also a Town in the same Jurisdiction was subdued by Force of Battery But Genâ—cy and Santern were permitted to redeem Themselves from their Fear with Money He boasted with so much pertinacy his Hatred to Lutheranism and Calvinism That he commanded the Bishop of Patelborn and others to purge their Lands from such noxious Vermine and if they neglected to do it that his Souldiers should come thither who would neither spare the Lives of the Guilty nor the Estates and Fortunes of the rest This was terrible at first to them of Wesell who were commanded to readmit the Roman Rites by the Counsel of the Duke of Cleves usurping the Princes Right who by the German Laws have free power and authority tO settle Religion The United States had sent to the Senators or Burgomasters declaring that it was an unworthy thing at the beck of a barbarous Nation which had abjured from their actions all sense of piety to change that Religion which was setled by Law and by them received from their Ancestors admonishing the City that in this Cause of God they should not fear the power of man but should couragiously resolve against a storm that would continue but for a short space and that they would not be unmindful of the common Religion nor of any hospitable kindness but their fear being at hand and their hopes at a great distance had so unsetled their minds that they durst not stand the Contest Whereupon they prayed that they might but enjoy the one half of the Churches but that absolutely denyed their Ministers ejected and both the Churches and Schools given to the Jesuites a sort of men by that City generally hated And for the more exact completion thereof Coriblanus Garzadosâ— the Popes Nuntio in Lower Germany made solemn Processions sprinkling the Ground with Holy Water and cleansing the very Pulpits as guilty of impiety afterwards the Commons of the City for fifty years space accustomed to more plain and simple Rites were enforced to behold long Ceremonies of the Mass and all other things fitted for States which part of them beheld with rage others with laughter and contempt The Priests continued in the large recesses of their Temples mutually hating and hated for the People as violently required their own as they detested that strange Religion which enmity continued all the time the Spanish Forces abode in those Quarters but when once they were departed and they also that acted by their Authority the City returned again to her old Liberty and Customs At this time all the Consultations of Germany inclining to revenge Mendosa although he had hitherto pretended that it would be for the Kings profit if they should begin a War which they could not maintain and that he being ignorant of their Right as Romanes had rather deal with them according to Laws of War though in truth he was conscious that all in general were his Enemies yet having by Spyes tryed the affections and Authority of the most eminent Princes as what Allyances they had what the manner of their Leagues he neither spared Gifts nor any kind of Policy to breed a distraction and division among them at their meeting And at last it appeared worth his labour to inquire who supported that so deplorable with Counsel and Advice I know some will admire what they could at that time offer as a pretence in their own justification Wherefore I will in as shoâ—t a method as I can relate those things which Cardinal Andrews Envoy spoke at the Assembly of the Inhabitants about the Rhine within the Jurisdiction of Colen These after they had wasted much time in the inquiring contrary to the Custom of Embassadors of the Names and Instructions of those to whom they came at last as it were inforced to make a sudden defence they said They were much grieved that the enemies of the true Religion and the favourers of Rebels had so filled the Princes ears and the publick Assemblies with false and scandalous Reports as if it was unjust in the common cause of Christendom which the King of Spain defended to remit a few discommodities against particular persons For these Arms were not taken up for the Kings pleasure or ambition but for the repressing of Thieves and Robbers who slighting all power both of God and Man create and believe a right from their succesful villany Where were then those Assemblies and raisings of Souldiers in Germany and terrible decree when the Prince of Aurange actually engaged in a trayterous War but one but by example undermined all the Princes of the Empire All Powers were Armed by God that they might suppress growing evills and have often been punished justly for the neglect of their duty therein but they did not onely dissemble others injuries but their own when the Germane Fields were wasted and their Castles and Cities held by Rebels without any account demanded for the same That they needed no detractors so bitterly to incite them if the Germanes mindful of their duty by whose advice the Spaniard would have been advised had compelled those perpetual Enemies of peace at once to have laid down Arms which are never used without the damage of the Neighbours For what hath not been given by the Kings either the Father or the Son for the peace of Christendom who for the avoiding of envy having given the Netherlands from himself and all the next Summer a great Army at his Command yet had worn it out in the onely hopes of Peace until he oppressed his own Souldiers as well with want as with Winter foâ— his Treasury was most honestly employed in the freeing of France from War and Garrisons Then also how great care he used in the setling a strict Discipline whoever comes to succeed Mendosa in that charge will quickly be sensible how great a care and how difficult a work it was There was no right of Victory claimed in any of the places by them taken they onely desired entertainment therein and the Custody thereof for a short time with select and choyce Garrisons that the Countries round about might be guarded from the excursions of the Hollanders As to those faults objected against the Souldiers which escaped either the providence or punishment of the General notwithstanding the great noyse yet in themselves were but small if compared with the benefits heretofore done by the Emperour Charles and King Philip Let them also call to mind the Leagues for how should the Princes Bishops Cities say that it was free for them to follow neither party in this War who had been antient Allies and Companions of the Burgundians and whom Charles had obliged to himself for a general assistance in defence and support of the Romane Religion How often by that name have
out went their Companions who either partly refused or at best were very slow in following the Example The Zelanders chiefly refused to advance their proper Charge by reason of some new or late Losses and among those beyond the Rhine there were used many Evasive Circumlocutions while part study rather the Peoples Favour than the Publike Good and applaud those Impositions which they hoped would be easie for themselvs though they fell heavy upon their Neighbors Others there were who would not be silent when others being quiet they had all the Care of the Commonwealth although the Hollanders winked at it except it were seriously debated in Common-Council they would leave the Care of the out-lying Parts looking onely to their own nearer Necessities and the possession of the Sea Some Comfort was received from the German Princes who as yet having a Suspition and Jealousie of the Spaniard offer'd them continual Aid and Money The Count Palatine excited the rest of his Allies of the same Religion both by Words and Example Shewing to every one of them what Alva had done of old and what Mendosa now and that the Hollanders could not bâ— overcâ—me without the destruction of their Neighbours but if they flourished they would be a great help to many to this for the Defence of Prussia to these of the Possession of the Dutchy of Cleves and to all against the Bishop of Rome and his Followers by whose cruel Hatred and Faction all are oppressed But all this was little hearkned to for the Duke of Brunswic converted his Arms against a City that had assumed too great a Liberty the rest acknowledging themselves unable to maintain the War But Charls Duke of Sudermannia Uncle of Sigismund King of Poland who taking little Care of his Antient People of Sweden and for his earnest Affection against the Romane Religion suspected of Innovation first opposed him in Arms and afterwards in a Publike Assembly when the Kingdom was taken away from him a long time shunning the Name of a King yet usurping the Authority by other Titles when he voluntarily desired the Alliance of the States because he desired some present help and that his hopes were uncertain his Kingdom poor and Forces far distant he was for a time put off with Delays yet because it was an offer'd Friendship it was accepted because he seem'd as it were to fight for Religion making an Excuse That some Holland Ships without any Publike Command had given Aid to Sigismund The Ninth BOOK of the History of the Dutch AFFAIRES THE New Year which closed up a Century as it produced immediatly great Events so it did seem to portend great Changes of Affairs for a long time The Affairs of the Netherlanders under the Princes were in a bad Condition and full of Trouble and so wasted as was hardly to be seen in other places But the Goodness of the Princes as New They in Authority being present and the very greatness of the Distemper hastned to apply Remedies The United States to whom but newly redeem'd from Servitude was accrewed an Ample Dominion made all their Dangers to be but stricter Bonds to connect them being deliver'd by successful Arms although they had since that been reduc'd to no small Necessity out of their Old Discipline retrain'd their Courage against their Enemy but not equally their Concord and Modesty On both Sides then were great and strong Endeavours while for above the space of Thirty Years they contended to put an end to their Labour with which hope they have prosusely wasted their Forces even to Extremity as if Victory had stood before their Eyes promising Reward to them that could hold our longest And first of all the Winter being Frosty the Hollanders escaped great danger by reason the Rivers were all passable upon the Ice from the Enemies seditious Mutinies which they turn'd to their Advantage For Lewis of Nassau marching with great privacy out with a select Party of Horse and Foot broke into Wachtendone a Town not far from the Borders of the Dutchy of Cleves formerly taken by Count Mansfeldt after a Two Moneths Siege when the Duke of Parma had drawn the States Forces another way The Horse which had lately been added to that Garrison for the preserving thereof were then by chance absent forraging about the Borders of the Bishoprick of Colen yet there were theâ—ein 800 Souldiers but the Ice of the Trenches was not broke and the Situation of the Town far from an Enemy and among Cities associated in Frienship made them more secure than usual Therefore a few seizing the Rampire with a small slaughter they open'd the Gates to the rest Then Geleno both Lord and Governour of the Town fled with some few into the Castle in hope of Aid which he had sent to intreat and there endur'd the Terrour both of Granadoes and Bullets thundred upon him until Lewis his whole Party approached and brought Scaling Ladders to the Works and yet some resisted and among them a Woman well grown in Years not without the hazard and Wounds of those that opposed them But at last overcome by Multitude they yielded this place which was not of a contemptible Situation among the Marishes and then was full of good Booty because many of the Boors had betook hither Themselves and their Wealth because the War raged all about those parts After a few days the Souldiers brought in sufficient of all Things both as to Victuals and Defence Among the French that fought for the Hollanders was one Breautee a Gentleman of good Birth and Bloud in Normandy who vaunting in his Youth had challeng'd to fight 20 of Grebendoncks Troop the chief of whom were infamous for the Treacherous Delivery of Gertruydenberg and therefore certainly this was an unbeseeming Contest for a Person of Honour Each of them with an equal Number came out into a Field not far from Shertogenbosch the Grobbendonkians being better Armed but Breautee more exact in his place and order At the first Charge Breautee kill'd the Enemies Leader who was named Abraham but was known in the Camp by the Nick-name of Cook and so sharp was the Fight and the Shot directed so rightly opposite that in the first Conflict on both Sides the one half of the Contenders fell but by the flight of the French whose Courage began to fail in the continuance of the Danger Breautee being left alone having oftentimes changed his Horse and afterwards fighting on foot at last overpressed with a multitude of Enemies yielded himself The French affirm he articled for his Life against which the Brab under say That by Agreement the Conquered were to expect nothing but Death But certainly being Prisoner he had prevail'd much when some sent out of the City kill'd him with 30 Wounds while he onely begg'd they would let him dye Armed and like a Man A Wickedness fit onely to be committed by such ignominious Persons and yet a good Lesson for magnanimous Youth That they should not
to the United States to try their Intentions And to this purpose came Gerard Horn Count Bassigny Philip Bentingen and Henry Code a Burgo-Master of Ipre to Berghen op-Zâ—me after Newport Fight at the same time when the United States Deputies went out of Flanders and were arrived there They desired that a Meeting might be appointed in that place that so they might Treat of the Means conducing to Concord Many Things were spoken on both Sides in derestation of War and in commendation of Peace and for the general safety of the Netherlands On the behalf of the United States it was urged That nothing could be more acceptable to them than to purge the Netherlands from Forein Slavery for doing whereof they promised their best Assistance And if they would resume their Antient Liberty there should be no difference between them in point of Religion but if they did not think fit of this Proposition they could not imagine what success they could hope from this Treaty for what Peace could they expect from the Spaniards who broke Peace with them that had no thoughts of War But the Archdukes are bound to the Spaniard by Conditions dishonourable to the repute and fame of the Netherlands And the Brabanters Flandrians and other States are in like manner obliged to them of what validity therefore will any Agreement be that is made with them who live under Lords commanded by Castles and kept in awe by Souldiers so that they are not Masters of themselves The Archdukes people answered That they came to Treat of Peace not to make a defection nor would it be just that themselves should lay aside their Arms while others keep armed but whatever was agreed between the States the Princes would ratify These things being heard and spoken by the Arch-dukes people and imagining that they must utterly throw away all hopes of Peace with the Hollander so late a Conquerour fall to examine the Charge of the War and after a long debate what every Province should pay because the old form appointed in the French Wars by reason the Forces of the Provinces were altered and Arms inferred on other places could not be observed at last they agreed to lay certain Taxes upon all Chimneyes and other things and thereupon promised thirty thousand Florens Monethly for the next year but it continued for the future That every of the Garrisons should pay their own Souldiers and that no Citizen should be compelled after that to give any Souldier a gratuity That part of the Forces should be commanded and part of the places governed by Netherlanders and that the Treasury should be ordered by the States part of which the Archduke denyed absolutely other part he never performed though he gave hopes thereof by promise Many also were much offended at certain Letters brought by Henrico Gusman out of Spain wherein the King called these States His. The same endeavoured to make an inquiry in the Merchants Accounts if there had been any dealing with the Hollanders for this is usual in Spain or if any money could be spared from the India Companies but by the denyal of Antwerp this project came to nothing The Dunkerkers raged no less against the Hollanders at Sea And Albertus himself commanded That the Hollanders should be debarred as well of their Fishing Trade as their Traffique and Merchandising otherwise on purpose to drive them to penury and consequently to sedition And the Dunkerkers being exasperated with the punishment of many of their complices added their own malicious fury to this command of the Archduke And therefore they punished this simple sort of men for such generally is the Religion of Fishermen that they think it very unjust to repel force by force sometimes by burning other times boring hoâ—â—s in the bottoms of their boats now by driving nails through several parts of the mens bodies and so putting them to a long torment under both the sense and fear of death and otherwise infested the Sea with such cruelty that sometimes the Ships of War that were to guard the Fishermen were assailed and taken But when the Hollanders brought out against them a considerable strength divers of these Pirats were taken and expiated their inhumane Villanies with their heads and the rest were glad to retire into their old dens and lurking holes Their Chieftain himself named Wakeney with some Ships escaped his pursuing Enemy through the Narrow Seas by Bulloin and got to Biscay in Spain and afterwards having committed several Pyracies upon the Coast of Bretaign in France at length hated by the Spanyards and the greatest part of his Seamen consumed with want himself dyed miserably Against Spinola's Galleyes that they might be able to fight them in any weather at Dort was built a great Ship such as the Hollanders had none before and was furnished both with Men and Guns the first men put into it were hired with wages afterwards Malefactors were condemned to row therein because Christian piety would not suffer such as were Prisoners of War to be put to that slavery And the device very happily succeeded for that alone being put to Sea made many of the Enemies fly carrying only with it a smaller boat And in a short time so great was their confidence that adding only a few Cockboats and choosing a peculiar night the Holland Galleyes silently rowed up the Schelde between the Forts of Brabant and Flanders whence passing to the very walls of Antwerp at first unawares they took a ship with three tyre of Guns and seven lesser Vessels and afterwards by force and slaughter of the Defendants carryed them away The City raised with the outery and running to the Walls looked upon their own loss and to their high disgrace suffered it to be carryed away unrevenged for the Conquerors went away safe and loaden with spoil after they had founded a well known tune in praise of William Prince of Aurange not without some affection of the Citizens remembring former occurrences Towards the end of this year the Hollanders were filled with the hopes of a French War to be made by King Henry against the Duke of Savoy who being allyed to the Spaniard as having Children by his Sister to whom he was marryed was believed would undertake nothing without his knowledg The cause of the quarrel was the Marquisate of Saluzza which the Savoyard had taken from France while it languished under intestine troubles And the Pope who by the Peace of Verbin was appointed Arbiter in these and like cases undertook the hearing of the business but delayed his Judgment untill the Savoyard at the instance of the French King came personally to Paris and having underhand bribed the chief Ministers of State appeased him also with fair promises and obsequiousness but the non-performance at the day appointed made Henry proclaim War and by force to assault several Cities and Castles of Savoy In the mean time Fontaine who had sometime ruled in the Netherlands and then governed Millain gathering very
dealing to turn their Friendship into a kind of Domination Nor could any Peace or Leagues be hoped for in that New World which is divided from its better part not so much by Scituation as Manners and secluded on every side by its own Ocean as if condemned by Nature to the most odious barbarism These were at that time the Discourses concerning America Surely it concerned those who were desirous of finishing the Warr that these hopes should not be settled too deep in the Opinions of the people Nor was it a hard matter to put a stop to the begun Project of the New Company by the emulation of the Cities earnestly drawing to themselves the ordering of the Ships and some interceding that the Liberty of fetching Salt out of America should not be restrained by any Law Therefore this debate being set apart no less difficulties were observed to hinder those that were desirous of making peace for although the Enemies Design might chiefly be discovered yet the Governours of the Confederate Cities from a received Opinion in the Prince of Aurange's time abhorred the very name of Peace And to men of this perswasion much appeared that would be lost if the Enemy should openly profess himself contented with a Peace whereby he could not regain the dominion he lost by Warr for that which of old was accounted a part of Prudence to break off all hope of reconciliation had no other Basis than this That onely such a Peace could be expected as would bring along with it an insulting Lord. On the other side That it pertained both to the Security and Honour of the Commonwealth if the Enemy could be drawn to a confession of their Liberty But the War yet growing hot and new Causes of Indignation daily arising either Victory made them fierce or some slaughter drew them to the desire of revenge so that minds prepossessed or byassed with affection could not considerately ponder the Reasons that induced to peace But if any Remission or Cessation should be granted of Arms there would not be wanting some favourers of peace which being otherwise acceptable in it self would agree principally with the mind of the HOLLANDERS that were earnest of Traffick and also the people that lay next the â—nemy would not easily suffer themselves having once tasted the Sweets of Peace to be carryed back to Arms. It is a very hard thing to find the beginning of so great a â—â—ter in that Commonwealth wherein no Affair of any great Concern is undertaken without the Advice of the Provin◠〈◊〉 and a Relation of what is done or to be done to the several Cities which circuit that business which without doubt was involved in great Dissentions could not bear They that were in the General Assembly of the United States would not take upon them the Envy of so suddain a Mutaâ— unless Prince Maurice who was the General of the War and famous as well by his great Merits as the Nobility of his Extract should become the great Author of Temporary Agreement But He having attained so much Honour by War that scarcely any ever attain'd the like and not despising the most effectual substance of Fame and thinking with himself that all Peace with the Spaniard was mingled with Treachery yet was perswaded by Oldenbarnevelt whose Authority underpropped by his Providence chiefly and 30 years Fidelity supported these Consultations of Peace that as would not refuse to Treat with the Enemy For the King of Brittain would sit by onely as a Spectator of so great a War and the French King by their Alliance aimed at greater Matters of which there were no obscure Demonstrations If â—e Confederate States could find a way to lye open for them 〈◊〉 Peace they that supposed it advantageous to their Affairs that the Spanish Forces should be wasted in the War of Holland might be brought to promise certain Aids without any other account Therefore Wittenhorst and Gevard having receiv'd Letters from Albertus and Isabella whereby it might appear they were intrusted they were admitted into the Assembly of the United States where they publickly repeated what they had privately before spoken highly extolling the Commodities of Peace before the uncertain Events of War But because the Legates had mention'd the Arch-Dukes Right and Claim The States thought fit to answer That it was openly known to all who had any insight in the Belgick Affairs that the Arch-Dukes could be helped by no pretence of Right against the Confederate Provinces but such as must be hoped to be gained by Conquest In truth when of old divers of the Provinces after the Confirmation of their Liberty by an inviolable Decree were united into one Body they had sought to reduce them by Arms being Members separated from that Body by the best and highest Right the Equity of whose Cause many Kings and Princes had approved by making Leagues with them Therefore they all Resolved to persist in that Opinion which they had lately declared to the Emperour That a safe pinâ— and just Peace could not be expected with them who under the vain pretence of Right would infringe the Authority of a must Reverend Decree The Mischiefs of War would fall on both Parts but ought to be imputed to them that would unjustly seek what belonged to others not those that valiantly defended their own Wittenhorst being dismissed with this Answer afterwards writ to the States that he had found it to be the Arch Dukes pleasure that in the making an Agreement they desired to gain nothing but that all things should remain in the same condition they were But for the more ready carrying oâ— of this business the Principal of the Order of Franciscans of that Country by Name Francis Naya born at Antwerp but by Kinred a Zelander was made choyse of his Father sometimes followed the Prince of Aurange Himself was of a voluble and fluent Tongue and though he was not ignorant in Court-Affairs for he had been in Spain and lived at Bruxells conversant in matters of greatest importance being of an open and free disposition like the Netherlanders that you will hardly suspect guilty of fraud and by his Profession of life armed against bashfulness neither greatly fearing a repulse or contumely This Man being sent from Bruxells came privately to Riswicke the next Village to the Hague making tryall by discreet Persons what were the main difficulties that â—ostructed the business from thence being brought to the Prince he expounded some things as he saw convenient in Wittenhorsts Letters and there understanding perfectly that there was no hopes of beginning a Treaty unless the Arch Dukes did first really own and acknowledge their Liberty returning to Bruxells soon after he brought Letters from Albertus and Isabella Signed the thirteenth of March to this effect That they were weary of the cruell War and were ready to make a perpetual Peace with the United States as free People whom they so accounted and against whom they would make no pretence of claym
but if they liked not such a Peace they would if they thought good make a Truce for twelve fifteen or twenty years or else would make a Cessation of Arms upon equall tearms whereby as well a confident security as Commerce should be confirmed with this among the rest that what they now possessed they should for the future retain unless common utility induced them at any time to exchange some Towns or Regions That the Legates they would send to this Treaty should be Netherlanders by Nation to meet whom the States should send the like number 〈◊〉 whose appointment they left the nomination both of time and place for their meeting And that these things might the more fairly proceed They were pleased if they would consent thereto that there should be a Cessation of Arms both by Sea and Land as well among the Netherlanders as the Spaniards during eight months desiring the States to declare their Resolution concerning â—e said Treaty before the first of September The bringing of these Letters which they themselves a little before had drawn those things therein being changed which in a former Copy brought by the same Naya had been disliked could not but please the Hollanders the altered â—oints were these That by the Truce each should enjoy what they now had but if a peace were made then each should retain what should be agreed Also that the Hollander should wholly abstain from going to or Trading in the Indies but in regard they judged themselves wholly Masters at Sea and at land more powerful in their Cavallery they thought not fit any further to forbid Hostility for eight Moneths then that during that time no Cities should be besieged or taken no Countries invaded nor any new Fortifications built And it was added that the King of Spain within three months should ratifie the Covenants agreed to by the Arch Dukes with the repeated recognition of the Hollanders liberty Nay he Promised before the four and twentieth of April that he would bring it to pass that those Covenants should be signed by the Arch Dukes Albertus and Isabella so as the States would do the same Concerning this sudden business the Assembly of the States thought fit to write to the several Provinces that so the Commons might receive the same with more acceptation which they did to this effect That they advise well of the Judgment of the Prince and Senate in that they had accepted the Condition which Albertus and Isabella had offered for a Cessation of Arms that they might have leisure to transact with the Kings of France and Brittain and other Princes and afterwards to consider among themselves what was fit to be done as to the rest What then remained but that they should all give thanks to God that he had hitherto so prospered their War and now had inclined their Enemies minds to the confession of the truth But upon the appointed day of Humiliation when now the rumour growing common made mens affections increase the Ministers that preached as every ones fancy sed him turned the whole Series of their Sermons either to the applause of peace or despiteful rayling against the adverse parties However the States about the four and twenty of April sent Instruments of those things lately agreed upon to Antwerp by Didâ—â— Verdusio And Naya produced the Writing as it had been â—â—ised at the Hague onely with the addition of the Arch Dukes hands commanding the same to be firm and authentick But Verdusio requiring a more solemn Instrument that â—hould be equal to that he brought Naya presently obeyed and brought such a one from Bruxells together with a gold Chain to Verdusio intreating him at the same time that because some things contained in that Agreement seemed to be of a dubious interpretation that he would suffer him a return with himself to the States to advise upon the â—â—e The Arch Duke Albertus was really so inclinable to peace that he would not suffer any Hostility to be begun on 〈◊〉 part insomuch that He commanded all his Governours which was clearly beyond the Agreements that the Souldiers sould be kept within their Garrisons and that all â—â—â—men and Fishermen that were prisoners at Dunkirk should â—e set at liberty And Verdusio having written to the States concerning Raya's Request and receiving no positive answer taking for granted what was not forbidden returned to the Hague with him in his company And now they that 〈◊〉 not withstood the first motions of peace begun to repent themselves of their silence fearing that would really become 〈◊〉 which they had hitherto supposed to be but fained Therefore some of them question by whose order the Monke 〈◊〉 his foot on their ground being enemies to him and his 〈◊〉 Others accused Verdusio that he had undertaken an â—hit of so high concernment by private advice whereby 〈◊〉 plainly appeared that Naya was not likely to obtain so â—â—ily what in his own daring Imaginations he had already â—â—â—ceived granted While these things were doing in these parts in the 〈◊〉 while the Hollanders obtained a famous Victory at 〈◊〉 which made the Enemies more desirous of peace and 〈◊〉 more fervent to War When the last year the War of Spain went more slowly on not without some blemish of their antient Navall Honour it was thought fit another Fleet should be sent thither as well for recovering their fame as at the earnest Request of the Indian Company who were afraid lest the whole Strength of Spain should at once fall upon their Ships Jacob Hemskerke a man well skilled in Sea Affairs was chosen Admirall who had formerly accompanied William Barent in the like Voyage when most froward Fortune hindered them from making a more narrow Inquisition into the Secrets of the North besides he had been twice at the Indies from whence of late he brought a most rich Ship which he had taken in War At this time six and twenty Ships were committed to his charge fitted for War and four others for carrying Provisions with Command to do what should seem most beneficial Nor did he scruple to promise that he would so behave himself as to merit the thanks of his Country either by death or life and how full fraught he went out with confidence may from hence easily be understood that he would have no other pay than the eighth part of that booty which should exceed the sum of five hundred thousand florens He was not so covetous of money of which he had enough as of glory but not discovering that his inclination by any ostentation because composing both his habit and countenance into a reserved civility he did under that mask the greatness of a Military mind At the beginning of the Spring a little before the first Covenants were made between the Arch Dukes and the States going to Sea when he came to the Coasts of Spain he resolved to invade the mouth of the River Tagus that the most Noble City of Lisbone might be a witness of
Interpretation that the former Grants might obliquely be avoided thereby and they being a Free People and such over whom neither King Philip nor the Archdukes had any Authority would of their own accord consult of their Domestique Peace and not suffer their Affairs to be ordered at the pleasure of others That there was now a fit occasion given them not to enter into any further Treaty yet they would offer so much towards the desired concord that they would by Letters signify the whole matter to the particular Councels of every Province and desire their Judgments thereupon only with this Protestation That they would admit of nothing that might be prejudicial to their Liberty And that the Archdukes should within six weeks time know what was their result That if they thought fit to hearken to such Proposals of Peace as they should offer then within ten dayes after such Ambassadors as they heretofore promised to send should come to the Hague where also their Deputies should be present but upon this confidence nevertheless That neither the King nor the Archdukes should offer any Proposition that might intrench upon the States ordering their own Affairs within themselves And the States appointed the Hague for the place of meeting left it should appear unseemly for the Ambassadors of other Kings to remove from place to place and also because the power of managing the Affairs being divided amongst many with more ease and wisdome all things might be consulted of When Naya and Verreike doubted whether upon this answer they should leave the Kings Letters with the States or carry them away with them the States declaring they cared not whether of them they did Naya went to Bruxells to be advised from whence he brought this answer That the writing should remain with them so as they would give an acknowledgment that they had received the same for thereby the Arch-Dukes would be free from their promise to the King and finally that they should restore the same if the League came to no effect Which things being absolutely refused by the States and the Archdukes once more advised with Naya without any contract soon after delivered the Letters These deliberations being related to all the several Provincial Assemblies many doubted that it was not safe to admit a treacherous Enemy into the very bosom of their Dominions what would he do there but search into the affections and strength of the People and learn what was atâ—â—imble either by money or Arms by force or purchase They feared also lest they among themselves who desired peace running as it were headlong and without Counsel 〈◊〉 acquire the same should by little and little be drawn to accept of unjust and dishonourable Conditions Therefore when the Deputies returned into the Common Council past of all they oblige themselves each to other by mutual consent that they would if the Treaty came on in the very last Article have their liberty established by fit words publickly attesting the same in such manner as should be sufficient to satisfie the Embassadors of other Kings admitted into the Council And that they would not admit of any Conditions relating either to profane or sacred matters that â—ight undermine their liberty On the other side if the Enemy should still persist they would declare to all mankind that it was his fault why Peace was not setled and that recollecting their Forces and invoking the ayd of their neighbour friends and Princes They would resume their Arms from which they doubted not but Justice would give a successful Issue to their cause Prince Maurice and the Zelanders further insisted that the very words for Confirmation of their liberty should then be contrived and forthwith sent to Albertus whereto if he would not consent then to let him know that they would proceed no further in the Treaty This sentence seemed very hard to some who desired the Enemy might be hearkened to At this time a new year approached at the beginning whereof the time for the Cessation of Arms was to expire nor did the Arch Dukes desire its prolongation expecting to have had an Address made to them to that purpose whereupon the States write that they trusted to the Arch Dukes Promises with the same Resolution they had engaged to Naya and Verreike expecting a Treaty And to that purpose they were ready to send seven or eight from them if they would please to send the like number or fewer of theirs whom they would endeavour equally to fit as formerly had been discovered with Command and Instructions from them as they hoped the Arch Dukes and King Philip would do the like to wit that the said Commissioner should with all possible speed expedite the business and that they would consider whether it were convenient to the matter in hand whether they would lengthen the Cessation of Arms for a Month or six weeks That they would be pleased it should be for the longer time if so the Arch Dukes thought fit to consent That the States would have the Legates to be such as the Arch Dukes were for the future hoped to be The meaning whereof was that only Netherlanders should be sent For the Arch Dukes first Letters whereby the States were moved to a Treaty clearly contained the same Nor was it a matter of small advantage to the Hollanders that the conclusions of peace should be weighed together by the principal men of their so wearily allyed Neighbours among whom as there was less fraud and craft and one common design of interest equal with them though not for liberty yet against forein oppression and tyranny which being foreseen by the Arch Dukes they on the other hand were as violent to the contrary and from the very beginning the Netherlandish Nobles had privily fostered the same design until it should as of necessity seem to be thrown not only upon them but the Commons also And lately Naya and Verreike when they were at the Hague were delayed some speeches being cast abroad whether the States would endure any forein Commissioners when the Spaniards Affairs were no less in Agitation than those of the Arch Duke But then their design failed of its effect yet at this time the Governours of Holland who were desirous of peace when either by conjecture or some private intimation that it was likely that Spinola himself the General of the War together with a Spanish Senator should be sent of whom Spinola was by some private means known to be inclinable to peace and esteeming it of little advantage by much discourse to the Counsel to breed further jealousies in suspicious minds they earnestly endeavoured that the States Letters should be written to Naya and Verreike wherein they should be desired That they would certainly inform them of the number and names of the Commissioners that so a fitting care might be taken for their Provisions and Entertainment In these Letters was a Schedule inclosed carelesly as if is had been a matter of no moment signifying That
they had desired one or another might be admitted into the Legation besides Natives being well pleased in that point to submit to the Arch Dukes however the States did not â—â—it to intercede that no Spaniards especially any of the principall Officers of the War might come to the Treaty These words were ambiguously interpreted for that as the Hollanders seemed only to admit of one stranger so the Arch Dukes supposed and so believed that two were not prohibited and consequently that the General of the War who was no Spaniard would not be refused The name also of Natives might be extended to the Burgundians who were adjoyning to the Netherlands and under the same Government left Richardotte should be excluded who for his many Counsels and long continuance in the Court was esteemed a principal Person fit for the managing this so great Affair and therefore thought not to be absent At this time there returned out of Denmark Jacob Bowles of Amsterdam Nicholas Jacob Symon Horn and James Groote of Middleburg who had been sent thither to salute the King and to request his Advice and Counsel And not long after there came from Denmark as Embassadors James Utefeild a Senator sprung from a Noble Stock and a Man of great prudence and Jonas Charis from the Marquess of Brandenburg came Hierome Discue and soon after from the Count Palatine Hippolitus Mountayne famous for several Books by him set forth and honoured for many well perform'd Embassies But the Emperour Rodolphus sent Letters superscribed to the States of Holland and Zeland and other the Vnited Provinces wherein he called to mind the pains taken by himself and his Father in hearing their complaints and indeavouring to procure their peace But now it was arrived to his ears that they were about to make peace with King Philip and Albertus but that they would first have their Common-wealth declared free That he much admired he was not consulted with in an Affair of such consequence in regard all the Netherlands were a Fee and part of the Germane Empire They should therefore look to it that they should not without his License begin any thing that might be prohibited by the Laws of a feodary Whereto it seemed good to the States to return this Answer That they could not conceive that Albertus would have concealed his Counsels from his Brother or Philip from his Kinsman nevertheless they were not intended to do any thing of whose beginning they would not have given Caesar an account yet they had not forgotten those many Complaints which being oppressed with a most rigid and unjust Dominion they had put up to the Emperour and the Germane Dyets as well before the Arch Duke Matthias had undertaken their Cause and Government as after the same was departed from the Netherlands as also how little or no Relief they obtained thereby 'T is true anon after there were some Discourses of Peace in the City of Colen before the Legates of the Empire but when the Enemy from that very occasion took cause of making a more sharp War They were compelled to apply the last Remedy to that Disease which otherwise would become incurable to wit That by publick Decree they would take from Philip that Principality which he having received well guarded with Laws which he swore to defend had so many wayes violated and infringed Having by this means obtained their liberty and defended the same by Arms foreign Kings in no manner disputed their Right That the shedding of blood and evills of War wherewith they were frequently afflicted might be attributed to the Emperour and those who being torn from them by a League were ruled by Albertus The States having always concluded that they could hope for no good Issue unless the Common-wealth still retained its present Estate And now at last both the Arch Duke Albertus and King Philip were drawn to give their consent to that point that they would have their liberty unquestioned as might be seen by both their Letters Copies whereof were transmitted And now they rested confident that not only Caesar but all Germany out of their antient good will towards them would freely give their assistance 〈◊〉 these so pious endeavours of ending a War Concerning their being Feodary to the Emperour it was passed over in silence for that to refell it would have bred contention and to confess it had been dishonourable King Philip and Albertus to whom the Emperour had written in like manner concerning his Rights returned a like Answer protesting that they endeavoured nothing in prejudice of anothers Right but passing over in silence the debate of right However indeed the Family of Egmond had for a long time possessed Gelderland in despight of the Emperours yet the antient Princes thereof had been accounted under the fealty and Patronage of the Empire being at first named Guardians afterwards Counts and last of all Dukes And the Bishops of Vtrecht who also ruled Over-Issell and to whom Charles the Fifth succeeded in all their temporal Jurisdictions took an Oath of Fealty to the Emperours as is evident from Antiquity But the Frizons with the Inhabitants beyond the Lecke at first by the assistance of Arms and some small Tributes were subject to the French afterwards to the German Emperours but in all things else they retained their liberty which they boast to be granted and confirmed to them by Charlemayne and since often by others and at length by Sigismund as is evident and that their Government hath continued mixt being partly Aristocratical partly Democratical for the space of seven hundred years sometimes one being chosen who under the name of Podestate hath the perpetual Authority of a Prince or else is limited to a certain time After this the Emperour Maximilian attempted to put upon them Saxon Governours but they were never able to attain the intire Possession although the Common-wealth were torn with faction until being wearied with the contest they turned over all their Right to Charles the Fifth Prince of the Low Countries Charles the bald King of France is believed to have set a Prince over Holland to whom Zeland was connexed and that that Prince was sprung from the Aquitain Race or else was one of the chief among the Native Nobility But the Instruments that were the Authors of that Opinion granted both the Dominion and all Right thereof to Thierry as Hereditary without any mention of a connected Fee and this only in that part which formerly belonged to the Church of Egmond according to the Evil Custom of that Age inriching Princes out of Things consecrated to Divine Uses Not long after the Empire being divided between France and Germany the Germanes prevailed about the Rhine But there is extant a Charter of Otho the Third which grants to the Earl of Holland to possess as his own Free-hold what before he enjoy'd but by a kind of Tenant-Right But in a short time after Wars arose between the Emperours and Earls the one demanding the
other denying Obedience Yet there were some Princes who affecting the Favour of Germany named themselves Vassals of the Empire yet with such Liberty as that they were obliged to no other Duty than that of Reverence among whom William became Emperour Nor did the Bavarians being born under Emperours think of any Change But the Burgundians and after them the Austrians refused to make any Oath of Allegiance deriving their Liberty from great Antiquity as if the Emperor Frederick had released to Philip Duke of Burgundy all Right of Empire Maximilian of Austria the Son of Frederick being rather the Father and Tutor of a Prince than a Prince and making opposition against the Cities by Forein Force reckon'd Holland and other people of the Burgundian Jurisdiction within the Body of the Empire but the States very eagerly opposed the same and this among all the rest of the Causes of the begun Commotions was look'd upon as one But Charles the Fifth affecting the Empire endeavouring to expel the French as Foreiners it was objected by the very Germans themselves that the Netherlanders belonged no more to the Almain Empire than the French did being obliged neither to pay Tributes to it be subject to its Laws not oâ—n its Decrees and Constitutions But He the more effectually to attain the Honour he so earnestly thirsted after promised that he would bring it to passe that by a firm League the Netherlanders should unite and grow together with the Germans and soon after brought it to such perfection that what could be offered either for the priviledge of Germany or the liberty of the Netherlands being heard and understood he confessed at length that only Gelderland and Utrecht were Feodaries to the Empire yet nevertheless for the future he required that the rest of the Hollanders and Netherlanders should joyntly make one part of the German Empire not that they should receive Laws and Constitutions from thence but that he might confer unto the publick necessities as much as the two Princes Electors and also that they should be under the Protection of Germany and should have right of suffrage in their Dyets and Assemblies in all things else they should keep their liberty intire Upon the account of this League it was that the Hollanders at what time they were subject to the Spaniard implored the help of Germany against the Spanish injuries And in the Treaty of Breda the Prince of Aurange saying that Holland and Zeland belonged to the German Empire which he spoke meerly to win the favour of that Nation King Philips Embassadors with much earnestness denyed the same But being compelled to defend themselves and obtaining no help from thence from that time they withdrew themselves from bearing any share in those foreign burdens Nor was it a new thing that Leagues were in this manner dissolved since almost all Europe withdrew it self from the Constantinopolitan Emperours being by them left undefended against the Barbarians and the Cities of Italy by the same Right obtained their liberty against the Emperours But it is not convenient for us any longer to prosecute these things for the order of our intended History now recalls us to proceed in the same without further digression Therefore after the violence of Arms was somewhat moderated by Covenants yet the Souldiers did not omit for the whole Year to make Invasions where it was lawful laying hold on that last opportunity of making War For Albertus had commanded a few Horsemen to go to Lingen laden with Money for Pay These being by chance met by a stronger party of Hollanders in the Country of Bentheym were surprized and taken For when they had betaken themselves to the Town of Steenfort some of the Pursuers entred pell-mel with them wile the Townsmen shutting up the Ports kept others out Both Parties fought valiantly within the Gates Those to keep their Money These on the other side greedy to win it They that were without threatned to force the Gates unless they were set open as well for them as the Enemies Then each of them send to their Neighbour Friends in Garrisons desiring them to send Assistance Thus from the small beginning of a Skirmish was likely to ensue a sharp and great Battel But the Citizens of the Town fearing lest they should become a Prey to the Victâ—â— perswaded both That rather than for the onely hope of Gold thâ—y should run the hazard of an uncertain Event by Fight the Hollanders should take three thousand Archidutal Angels and have the Booty The Governour of Grave was taken by the Spaniard while he was passing the Maes with too much security and Warner Dubois was kill'd being Judge Advoâ—â—te of the Army in the Country of Tiel as he was taking the Air in his Coach and with obstinacy refused to surrender himself to the increasing Enemy At this time both Parties relying upon the Covenants dismissed part of their Forein Souldiers the States doing it 〈◊〉 of Prudence the Arch-Dukes out of Necessity For Seditioâ—s were ready to break forth on every side if they had not redeemed themselves from new Charges by that Temporary Peace Nor had they so eschewed the Evil many of the Souldiers scattering up and down the Country to the grievous prejudice of the Husband-men and they that were planted at Dâ—est threatned by entertaining others among them to increase their number if their Pay were any longer delayed Anon after some Money came from Spain and some was raised by the Netherlanders whereupon Pay was sent to them at Diest and at the same time Pardon and Indempnity was proclaimed to them Thus the strength of the Confederates being broken the Arch-Dukes spent that time of Rest which they had from the Enemy for the encouraging and fortifying Discipline by Examples of Severity the Author thereof being Didaco Ibarra one sent from Spain to overlook the Treasury and Militia Therefore they declare by an Edict the flagitious wickedness of that Sedition at Diest and their offences against the Publike who although they were pardoned their Crimes yet therefore they were not to be retained in Service as Souldiers without further Licence And therefore all that were Associates in that Sedition they command within one Night and Day to depart and never to return into or set foot upon any the Lands belonging to the Arch-Dukes and Spaniards threatning present justice to all that should remain in or return to the Country and proposing great Rewards to all that apprehended any of them The wiser and more moderate sort of Men esteem'd it not fit for that time to publish their Belief and Opinion to the suspitious Hollander and by so subtle an Interpretation to elude though never so deservedly their Promises to the Souldiers In this place it is not fit to defraud Posterity of that rare Example of the Hollanders Wealth and Ingepuity which effected Operations against Nature for some private Persons undertook and fortunately brought to pass the draining of the Lake Bamestren adjoyning to Parmeren
unknown by whom Murthers were commended and with whom the greatest Thief is most honourable And how horrid is it in these who obtained their Honour not by the Nobility of their Bloud or Merits but by his or Queen Elizabeth's Favour to shew such an Ingratitude of Mind such a Conscientiousness of their Treachery that they would again attempt what they had bin once pardon'd solliciting a whole Province to Defection and Rebellion and contrive a Conspiracy to the slaughter of all the English Nor were there wanting Priests and Jesuits the usual Authors and Promoters of such wickedness to foment their Designs But the Assistance of Forein Power being in vain implored by them their impious Attempts left no safe Refuge but in flight The Seventeenth BOOK of the History of the Dutch AFFAIRES THat the Enemies Embassadors delay'd their coming this Years most sharp Frost and worthy to be remembred among the Rarities of the Time was a main cause or else it was a part of the Spanish Pride to be long expected In the interim the States transacted with their Friends That they might try what might be hoped from them in Peace or War Then did the Affection of the French clearly appear eminent towards this Commonwealth there being hardly any found that would imitate their Pattern For they made a League wherein it was agreed That the King should give Assistance against the Violaters thereof that either offer'd publike Injuries to the Hollanders or being warned had by dissimulation done any private Offences and to that end should send to their Aid Ten Thousand Foot If the King a Kingdom of France suffer'd any Hostility from an Enemy The States were to help him either with 500 Foot or so many Ships as should equiballance that Number If either â—d any thing beyond this for the other it should be owed 〈◊〉 till the end of the War and then to be re-paid That either should make any Agreement with the Enemy without as Allies Consent And in point of Commerce the Hollanders should be free among the French as Citizens and the French equal to the Citizens of Holland But the Brittains that they might not make the like League first of all renewed the old Controversie concerning the Trade of Clothing which only one Society among the English would â—ave and afterwards they demanded That before all other things the old Debt of the States should be more narrowly treated 〈◊〉 The Germans a Nation full of delay from whom as also from the Landgrave of Hessen Embassadors came pretended That their Princes desired nothing more than to confirm the League upon mutual Assistance each of other yet that they had received no certain Power and Authority to settle that Affair In 〈◊〉 interim these in effect were the Things which they â—ommended to the States if Peace were concluded to wit that Care might be taken for the Indempnity of the House of Nassau That the Spaniard should make satisfaction for the Daniaâ—â— Mendosa had done in Germany That no Liberty should be parted to any within the States Jurisdiction to use the Romane rites in matter of Religion That in the disbanding of Souldiers â—â—tion should be used that no damage should accrue thereby to the Neighbours And that all Taxes upon Provision should for the future utterly cease At length in the beginning of the Month of February arrived the Embassadors from the Enemy which were Spiâ—â—la and Mancicido a Spaniard the King's Secretary for Military Business Afterwards Richardot Verreik and Naya being drawn in Sleds over the Frozen Waters enter Holland then indeed open and not shewing any of the natural strength and beauty of its Rivers Where ever they passed they were courteously Treated by the Governours of Cities and were not far from the Hague when Prince Maurice went out to meet them On every side was an infinite company of men whom the greatness of that unusual Sight had drawn together and to behold a Thing the Year before believed by no man that the two chief Commanders of that great War who lately had led such Armies mortally hating one another now unarm'd mutually embracing each other and instead of the Violence of Arms and Stratagems of War contesting onely who should most exceed in Humanity Spinola passing in Prince Maurice's Coach and some Discourse begun each of them received great Advantage from the others Vertue one expert Enemy giving a true Judgment of his Opposite But after the Italian General provided of Lodgings according to his Dignity began to set forth his pretious Houshold-stuff and all other Things prepar'd for Ostentation It is wonderful to tell what vast concourse of men daily flocked thither from the utmost parts of Holland meerly to see the order of his Service the furnishing of his Table and chiefly his Person Indeed many were drawn thither with the desire onely to satisfie and feed their Eye but others came thither who not onely owned but boasted their Affection to the Romane Religion Nor was He nice in shewing himself to all Comers nay more then that he supposed it a becoming thing sometimes to speak first to many by an Interpreter or else thereby he fancied to himself a hope of gaining the affection of the Commons against the Nobles At the Request of the Enemies Embassadors a more solemn meeting than ordinary was granted where before the Prince and the Senate after Salute and Complements passed they declare to what purpose they were sent And now some were chosen that should treat apart with them first in the Name of the whole Council of the United States were appointed William of Nassau and Walrave Brederode then â—ery single Province added one as Gelderland Cornelius 〈◊〉 Holland John Olden Barneveldt Zeland Jacob Maleree Vtrecht Nicholas Bercke Friezeland Gelly Hellaman Over-â—ssell John Sleethen and Groening Abâ—l Cunderten The first dayes were spent while each inspected and argued the others Commands and Instructions King Philip in his Letters styled the Arch Dukes the chief Princes of the Netherlands and speaking of the liberty of the United Provinces he recited that clause which formerly he had mentioned that it should be then of full force when the Peace was concluded wherein also there were Instructions concerning Religion and other matters in controversie The Arch Dukes in their Epistles set forth the words whereby Philip of late had ratified whatever Agreements they should make upon any the States Demands the States nevertheless often averting and complaining of the contrary Besides when Philip gave power to the Arch Dukes of making Peace either by themselves or those whom he had delegated to that business The Arch Dukes Instructions did not plainly enough speak and declare the right which they had received from King Philip to be transferred by them to their Embassadors To all which Objections the Spaniards plâ—usibly excusing the rest promised that they would take care that nothing should be wanting in the making perfect their Commission yet on the other side they argued that the States
nor did they omit private commodity either of the House of Nassau or of Emmanuel whose Father Don Antonio for a short time possessed the Kingdome of Portugal A conference being appointed concerning the chief controverted points immediately to the contest of the Indies was added another about the European Commerce this also having no small difficulties for the passage to Antwerp being opened the Hollanders but chiefly the Zelanders feared a damage to their Negotiations whereupon Richardotâ—â—me â—â—me to the States Commissioners beseeching them with 〈◊〉 That they would not lose out of their hands a Peace so much hoped for by too pertinacious a defence of what pleased themselves Nor did he obscurely maintain that nothing could be determined concerning Trade unless the pleasure of the King of Spain were first known therein and therefore the States should remember to contrive such a manner of Covenant or Article as might be approved by a Prince who is neither Conquered nor a Captive but really desirous of Peace The Moneth of March being almost spent the time limited for the Cessation of Arms was almost expired it was agreed therefore That April and May should be added And then the States offered this Condition concerning the Indies That it should be free for their Citizens during the space of nine years from the Conclusion of the Peace to go to all those places unless where the Spaniard had Dominion And that they should not at any time come thither unless they had permission from the Governors or were compelled by necessity And during that time all hostility should cease between them and their companions and if any should do the contrary it should not be lawful to take vengeance for the same in any other place then where the injury was committed or the doers of the injuries lived and then before the expiration of the said nine years there should be a more firm and lasting Agreement endeavoured The Spaniards refused this and plainly argued That the Indian Negotiation should for the present be limited and for the future left off But the freedome of home Commerce which the Hollanders seemed to suspect they provided for the same by these Articles First That all Taxes invented during the War should be abolished and only the antient moderate Tributes remain That the priviledg of drawing Merchandise to particular Markets usurped by divers Cities as of Germanâ— Wines to Dort French Wines to Middleburgh should be prevalent against the Citizens of other Nations and Countreyes On the other side the Hollanders understanding whither this tended declared it to please them that no greater charges should be laid upon Forreigners Merchandising then upon Natives but the rights of Cities to continue in the same posture they were before the Belgick troubles Also they esteemed it just that some caution should be given to them that the Ships that went from thence into Spain should be free and unmolested Concelning these Controversies Naya was sent into Spain to speak with the King with promise to return within forty dayes but the event evidenced that promise either to be false or rash However the interval of time was not spent in vain for first the States took into consideration the money owing by them to the English and soon after make a League likely enough to continue if Peace were concluded with Spain almost upon the same tearms as they had done before with France only but half the number of supplyes were promised Then all that were assembled above the number of the Commissioners returning to their own Provinces they that were chosen to preside this business of Peace called to the Enemies Ambassadors That they would expedite their demands upon the rest of the Heads to be Treated on The debate being entred into concerning Limits the Spaniards were not ashamed to insist That Brabant Flanders and all Gelderland beyond the Waell should be delivered up by the States who in stead thereof should receive Lingen Oldenzeel and Groll which certainly would have been a very unequal exchange And when they condescended thus far That for a short time the States should have the custody of the Towns yet so as the Soveraign power and Jurisdiction should be vested in the Archdukes they further said That they divided the Netherlands too liberally leaving that part to their Neighbours which the Fortune of War had determined to be the strongest The rumour of this business being dispersed the Brabanters under the States Jurisdiction not contented to obtain that they should not be delivered up to the Enemy thought they had a fit occasion given them whereby to recover their right of having a Vote in the publick Council for after the principal Cities and the last of them Antwerp had yielded to the Duke of Parma the rest being less then could govern themselves received Laws Tributes and Magistrates from the Authority of the seven United Provinces although Berghen op Zoome had ever continued faithful to the States yet Bredah and other places that were taken and retaken by War recovered their Liberty by the Trajectine League But those were not times wherein either the labour of Conjunction or the multitude of Judges ought to be increased Little was yet done with the Enemy when even now the Moneth of May was drawing to an end when they among the Hollanders that were desirous of Peace faintly desired of the rest That the residue of the passing year might be added to the Cessation of Arms but upon this Condition That the Treaty should no longer be continued than the end of July Which being agreed They fell to discussing the matter concerning the restitution of goods which gave new matter of dissention the former points not being fully concluded about which Verreike going to Bruxells and returning with speed reported what was the intention of the Archdukes That it was fit the burdens propagated by War should be thrown aside and buried by Peace and for the Towns of Brabant and Flanders they would gratify them with the same so as they might enjoy the whole Countrey That as all private persons were to have a restitution of their goods so likewise were to be restored to the Princes the goods their Ancestors enjoyed there being several sorts of profit of possessions due to the Majesty of Dominion not did it follow because the Archdukes had denuded themselves of this that therefore he should be deprived of the rest The States contradicted that a Government could not be deprived of its Revenue nor Cities of the ground belonging to them without the Ruine and destruction both of Government and Cityes and therefore unless they come to more moderation they would suddenly break off the Treaty The others insisted That although they denyed the Revenue yet certainly there was no reason why they should refuse to restore the private Patrimony of the Princes But this crafty difference and distinction was denyed also for that in these places there was no separate account of the Publick Treasury and the Princes
what 342 Cambray besieged by the Spaniard 347.393.394 Cleves and Juliers Dutchies claimed by the Spaniards and others 375.444 Castellet taken by the Spaniards 387 Cambray delivered to the Spaniard 395.396 Cornwal a County in England invaded by the Spaniards 402 Calais besieged by Albertus and why 423.424 Attempted to be relieved by the Count St. Paul but in vain 425 Is surrendred together with the Castle 425 416 Cadiz Voyage and the Issue thereof 446. ad 453 A Description of the City of Cadiz 448 449 The City taken 451 Corn for hidden by Edict to be carryed into Spain and why 469 Clement Pope at Ferrara by Proxies marries King Philip to Margaret and Albertus to Isabella 580 Cleves and Juliers about to raise an Army cannot agree on a General 585 The Cities thereof fortified and why 598.599 They desire to make a defensive League and with whom and why 600 Send thanks to Prince Mamrice but complain of the Spaniards 600 601 Culenburg Count Florence Palante his death 610 Culcar a Town of Cleves taken by the Spaniard together with many others 615 Creveâ—cur Fort besieged and taken by the Spaniards 629 Regained by Prince Maurice 658 Clort a Captain takes 300 of the Enemies near Wachtendow surpriseâ—h Straten and takes Cracow Castle 694.695 Coetorden re-enforced by Prince Maurice 805 Cratow Castle taken by Bucquoy 814 Cloves a rich commodity and from whence brought 850.851.852 Cessation of Arms for eight Moneths agreed on between the Hollanders and Spaniards 880 Continued for a longer time 896 Cessation of Arms lengthened 901.902 Commissioners on both sides meet the manner thereof and who they were 915.916.917 Cessation of Arms prolonged 925 The same again continued 927 Commissioners for the Archdukes commanded out of Holland by Decree and the Treaty broke off 938 They take leave of the States and their speech at that time with the States answer thereto 938 Calvin his Opinions 951 D. DUtch the Form of their Government 10.11 Difference between France and Spain upon what grounds and by whom begun 59 Dordect the Form of a Commonwealth there begun and by whom 63 Discords increase among the Netherlandish Lords 90.91 Dunkerk besieged by Parma and taken which for the future made the Sea dangerous and why 53 Damme surrendred to the Spaniard 142 Dewsburgh won by the Spaniard 163 Drake Francis wasts the toasts of Spain with a Fleet. 181 Denmark the King layes an Imbargo on all Dutch Vessels and why 184 Discipline Military more strict and better with the States than the Spaniards 197 Drake Francis made Vice-Admiral 209 Dutch ships seised in Scotland and why 224 Deventer besieged by Prince Maurice assaulted and surrendred 265.266.267 Delfeziel won by Prince Maurice 270 Assaulted by Verdugo but with great loss 326 Dorpius Arnold called the Rich is envyed called to question imprisoned pardoned and again employed and how 356.357 Dolens in viewing whereof Lamot is killed 389 Drion a Town in Burgundy won by the French King 399 Drake Francis sails into America and why before his return he dyes 405.405 Dunkerk Pyrats thence take several Holland ships 419 Some of the Pyrats apprehended and executed 420 Denmark Embassador from thence and to what purpose with the States answer thereto 493.494 Danny Peter his Treason against Prince Maurice and Execution for the same 569.570 Doetichem taken by Mendosa 614 Dorst a Town in the Bishoprick of Colen taken by the Spaniard 611 Douse Peter Admiral of the Dutch Fleet. 640 He goes to Guine the description of the place 644 645 646 A Pestilence afflicts the Hollanders there of which Douse himself dyes 646 647 648 Dunkirk Pyrates taken and executed 649 Dort Hollanders first build a Galley there which quickly after were encreased 691 692 Dunkirk Pyrates their insolency and punishment 695 Dorp Frederick succeeds General Vere in the Government of Ostend 717 Dunkirk Pyrates put to death and why 815 Denmark Embassadors thence arrive in Holland and for what intent 903 Dubois Warner killed and by whom 909 E. EGâ—ond Lamâ—rall Count Egmond his extract and Character his Valour fear of the Spaniard apprehension by Alâ— and death 12 13.40 45 47 48 His difference with Granvel and for what 24 His going into Spain behaviour there Entertainment anâ—â—turn 29 England throws off the Pope so doth Denmark and Sweden 31 Edict set out by the King of Spain and the effect thereof 55 56 Escovedo Secretary to Don John of Austria killed 103 England the Character of the English and how they were concerned with Holland 151 The difference of nature between them and the Hollanders 166 167 Edict to prohibit the transportation of Corn 169 The same Edâ—ct revived and amended 179 English insensible of their danger from the Spanish Fleet. As also the Hollanders 207 English Fleet how disposed to resist the Spaniard 〈◊〉 secure the Kingdom 208 209 They fight with the Enemy at distance and why 210 The whole Fleet met and the greatness thereof 212 They leave the pursuit suffer a storm and return home their Eulogy 215 Emperor of Germany sends an Embassie for Peace to the Hollanders but is refused and why 280 English annoy the Spaniards and where 283 Ernestus Duke of Austria sent Governour to and arrives in the Netherlands 320 His Character and reception among the Netherlanders 321 His first Musters impeded and how and by whom 324 Which makes him contemptible 325 Elizabeth Queen offended with the States and why 346. 464 Ernestus calls a Councel at Bruxels and for what 357 His dissimulation with the Netherlanders 360 Ernestus dies his Character 366 Emperour sends Letters to the States and their answer to the same 374. 493 Embden a Relation of the troubles of Embden and the Original causes and compoâ—â—ion thereof 377 378 ad 383 English and French ready to quarrel and for what 400. 464 Echternach a Town in Lutzenburg taken by the Hollanders 427 Emperor sends to the States and their answer 446. 653 English and Hollanders wast the Sea-coasts of Spain with a great Fleet. 446 Essex Earl General of the Land-Forces in the Cadiz Voyage his Character 446 447.551.652 653 Elizabeth Queen demands satisfaction of the States with their answer and Petition 458 459 460 Her Answer to the Polish Embassador 498 499 Azores Islands fallen upon by a great Fleet of English and Hollanders 499. 500 The Fleet dispersed by Tempests returns home 500 501 Emilia Sister to Prince Maurices offends him by an unequal Marriage and the event thereof 523 524 English difference between them and the Germans the beginning thereof and for what and how setled 535 536 537 538 Elizabeth Queen very angry with the Hollanders and why yet afterwards appeased and by what means 559. 653 Emmeric taken by Prince Maurice from Mendosa and quitted 610 Again surprised and Garrisoned by the Spaniards 622 Essex Earl harasses Ireland succesfully 652 He is committed to custody and for what 653 Emperor Embassadors from him to the States concerning what with the States Answer 663.664 Essex Earl brought to
tryal and privately beheaded 710 711 Elizabeth Queen her Death and Character 737 738 739 740 Emperor sends to the United States complaining of their intrusion upon his Authority with their answer therâ—to 748 749 English and French quarrel in Gertruydenberg 753 England and Scotland named Brittain 779 Emperor and others send Legates to the United States concerning a Treaty and their answer thereto 786 787 English and Hollanders difference between them and for what 794 795 English first come into the Indies and under whose Conduct 852 858 Europe a discription of many passages there transacted in the several parts thereof 858 859 Erkelen taken by Henry of Nassau 863 English and Hollanders joyntly send out Ships aâ— the Indies 869 England King thereof desired to assist to the making peace between Holland and Spain so also are divers others 892 Emperor Letters from him to the States and the purport thereof with their Answer to the same 904 905 Letters from the same to King Philip and the Arch-Dukes with their Answer wherein is set forth the Emperors pretence to be invalid 905 906 907 908 Embden troubles there between whom and how composed 910 911 Europe a short Relation of some European transactions 912 913 914 England a League concluded betwixt it and Holland 926 Embassadors move the States to a Truce and the reason why 932 The same disputed in Books 932 933 944 945 Embassadors of the Kings draw a League for a Truce the form thereof 940 F. FAction in the Netherlands after Philips departure about the Regency and between whom 21. 24. 92 93. 96. 100 French Forces intercepted in their march by the Spaniards 64 Frizeland the Towns thereof left to the fury of the Spaniards 65 France Henry King of France privately ayds the Hollanders 80. 151 Frizeland rebels against the Spaniard and imprison their Governour 85 Francis of Valois sued to and chosen Governour of the Netherlandâ— 91. 94 95. 121. 123 124 125 He is recommended by Margaret of Valois 92 Frizeland Reneberg Governour thereof to whom Campen and Deventer were soon after yielded 94 Francis of Valois comes to Bingen which he wins by storm and siege 101 Offended with Casimires success at Gaunt he departs to England 102. 124 Frizeland Renneberg revolts to the Spaniard and delivers Groningen to them 117 Francis of Valois brings ayd to the States for the relief of Cambray 123 Treats of Marriage with the English Queen 124 The Articles upon which he undertook the Government 125 Expects succour from his Brother the French King but in vain and why 129 Whereupon he falls upon dangerous Counsels and Design what they were how effected and how frustrated 129 130 131 He treats with the Hollanders departs into France and dyes 134 135 French hated by the Hollanders and why 136 Frizeland William of Nassau made Governour there 146 The Form of Government there 146 147 377 378 France French King chosen Defender of the Netherlands and why 151 152 Factions divers in Holland and for what and among whom 187 188 French King assisted by the English and Hollander 241 French and Low-Country troubles compared 242 Falcosteyne Count slain 263 Frizons desire ayd of Prince Maurice who thereupon makes an expedition into Frizeland 268 269 French King wounded 283 Famarsh General of the Ordinance to the States killed 293 Fontayne sent by Philip to govern the Netherlands his Character 298 299. 366 He is the Authour of a cruel sentence and what it was and the effects thereof 303 304 305 306 He is President of the Senate 366 His care and diligence 385 386 Ferte a Town in France besieged is relieved and ungarrisoned 386 Fayer besieged by the French King 400. 433 At last is won by Famine 427 Franecre an University in Frizeland when begun 465 French invade Artois and overthrow Varembonius taking prisoner Count Montecuculi 468 Frizeland wasted by Frederic Count Heremberg 511 French King sends an Embassador to England and for what with the Queens Answer thereto 527 528 Frizeland a Resation of new troubles arising there the cause thereof and settlement of the same 580 581 582 Falcosteyne Count Viricus treacherously murthered and by whom 607 608 Forces new raised in several places and by whom 629 630 752 Fortunate Islands their description and the assault thereof by the Dutch 641 642 ad 644 Quitted again by them 648 Frizeland new troubles there and for what and how composed 662.735 736 746 747 Flanders War transmitted thither and why 664 Another expedition thither 696 697 Henry of Nassau Governour thereof 774 French and Spaniard difference between them and for what 780 781 Frizeland terrified at Spinola's approach 804 805 France Embassadors come thence to the Hollanders who they were and their instructions 890 891 French and Hollanders make a League and what 914 915 French Colony in America comes to nothing and why 964 G. GRanvell Anthony Pereâ—et Granvell his Extract Character Honour and Greatness in the Court of the Emperour Charles and Philip. 21 His diligence and Industry in managing the Government and for what 23 He is Commanded to depart the Netherlands and go into Burgandy from whence he went to Rome 28 Gheuse the first Original of that name 34 Germanes ayd the Prince of Aurange 53 Guise the Guisian faction prevalent in France and the effect thereof 64 Geneva Discipline received in Holland Tenents thereof 71 72 Geeretruydenberg taken by the Hollanders 73 Gaunt a Peace concluded there between whom and the heads thereof 84 This Peace confirmed at Bruxels 85 A great Sedition in Gaunt 97 98 Appeased by the Prince of Aurange 104 It consents to the League of Union 110 Groningen besieged for the States by Entes but Relieved by Schencke 118 Gaunt People there deny passage to Birons Army and why 135 The Town delivered to Parma upon teâ—rms and what they were 148 149 Grave besieged by Parma relieved by Hohenlo yet cowardly surrendred to him 170 For which the Governour afterward put to death 171 Geeretruydenberg sold and delivered to the Spaniard and the pretences for the same and by whom 224 225 226 227 228 Guise Duke slain 240 Groenigen straitned by Count William of Nassau Governour of Frizeland 243 Germanes threaten revenge for the wasting of their Borders 255 344 345 Parma's Answer and the States Answer to the same 256 257 258 Groening beleaguered by Prince Maurice 269 The Citizens waver in their affection 270 Send Letters to Count Mansfeldt and an Embassie to the Emperour 284 285 Geeretruydenberg besieged by Prince Maurice with a description of the place 306 307 ad 314 A description of the Princes Camp before the Town 308 309 310 The Town delivered to him 314 Groningers send to Ernestus for ayd 326 The description of the City of Groening Territory 328 ad 332 The Siege thereof 328 332 333 ad 337 The surrender thereof to the States and they receiving a Garrison from Prince Maurice as also Count William of Nassau for their Governour 337 Groll
so do other places 319 320 Namur and Lisle refuse Spanish Garrisons 325 Nassau Philip of Nassau slain 392 Netherlanders Letters to King Philip concerning his Daughters Marriage with Albertus 529 530 Netherlands turned over to Albertus and Isabella the causes and Aâ—cles thereof declared by King Philip. 562 563 564 Several Opinions concerning his 〈◊〉 564 565 Netherlanders set 〈◊〉 to their obedience 567 568 Their desires to the Arch-Dukes 651 652 Newport a Town in Flanders besieged by Prince Maurice 667 Nassau Count Ernests worsted 〈◊〉 fight by Albertus at Leffingen Bridge 670 671 Newport Battel the beginning and end thereof and Victory gotten by Prince Maurice 678 679 ad 680 The number of the slain and names of the prisoners 685 686 Netherland States summoned to meet at Bruxells and the Arch-Dukes Speech to them 688 Notte Colonel succeeds Dorpe in the Government of Ostend 760 Nassau John his death and Character 856 857 Naya Francis who he is employed by the Arch-Dukes about making peace with the Hollanders 878 His desires to the States and their Answer 889 890 Netherlands under the Arch-Dukes their bounds 892 Naya appointed to rende at Delf and why 893 He hath a private meeting with Cornplius Asten Secretary to the States and the effect thereof 983 984 Nassau Adolphus slain and how 949. O. OAth imposed by the Regent on the Commander and why and who took the same 4â— Ocean breaks over its bounds with a great distruction 5◠〈◊〉 Issell Doway and other places submit to the Duke of Parma upon Condition and the heads of the same 105 106 Oâ—denard besieged stormed and taken by Parma 127 Oath imposed by the Confederate States when why and on whom 1◠〈◊〉 Michael his Ship burned and â—ow becomes a booty to the English 2â—1 â—arson Garrisoned by the Prince 291 Delivered to the Spaniard 316 323 â—al an Irish Title abjured by whom and why 403 Ostend the Siege thereof threatned but no more blocked up by Albertus 50â— â—sen 〈◊〉 by Prince Maurice 519 Ostend taken also by the same and dismantled 519 〈◊〉 and Mulsem fortified and why and by whom Orseo besieged 592 593 〈◊〉 blocked up with Form by the Spaniards 6â— Besieged by Albertus with a large descriptiâ— of the Town and the whole Siege from the beginning to the end with the Surrender thereof upon honourâ— Conditions and the names of the several Governments during the time 698 699 700 701 ad 705.708 ad 710.713 ad 717.760 ad 762.774 ad 777 Oldeâ—zpole besieged by Spinola and yielded 800 801 〈◊〉 French Colonel killed 812 〈◊〉 Burnâ—velt perswades to peace 877 In suspected and layes down his Offices in the Common-wealth had â—on desire takes them up again 944 945 P. POpe when he attained his heighth of Power and how and by what degrees 14 Philip the second King of Spain departs out of the Netherlands 21.23 〈◊〉 to consent to the States Request for removal of the Souldier 22 〈◊〉 great affection to the Netherlanders but quite contrary 29 Send his Wife Elizabeth with the Duke of Alva to a Conference at â—ajon with the French King and his Mother 30 Displeased with several of the great Men and why 32 Disappointed of rising Forces and how 36 Popes Authority denyed and by whom 38 Publike Commotions first begin in the Low-Countries and why and by whom 37 Philip talks of going into the Netherland 43 Hâ—s churlish answer to the Emperours Message by his Brother to him 52 53 His name used in all Cases by the Union 70 75 Peace Treaty of Peace at Breda between whom and the refuse thereof 76 77 Philip dischargeth his Creditors without payment 82 Approves the Peace made at Gaunt 85 Desired to make peace with the Hollanders and by whom and why 90 Parma the Duke of Parma succeeds Don John in the Government of the Netherlands his Character 103 104 He besiegeth Maestricht and takes it 104 110 111 Peace Treaty at Colen and the result thereof 104 105.110 Portugall Kingdom claimed by King Philip and Conquered by Alva to his use 114 115 Parma Duke receives Recruits from the King 1â—8 170 He pitcheth his Camp between Gaunt and Bruges 141 Takes Dendremuâ—d and Vâ—lvorde 148 Plicentia a Castle in Italy delivered to Parma by the Spaniard and why 161 Parma made a Knight of the Golden Fleece 162 He wins divers Towns and Forts to the Spaniard 172 Peace Treaty of peace between England and Spain and the heads thereof 184.186 187 Provinces under the Spanish obedience which and how many and which under the United States 188.193 Pope sets out Bulls against Q. Elizabeth and exposeth it to Conquest 205 Parma's Councel and the Marquess of Santa Cruz rejected 206 Parma collects above 30000 men with other Provisions to help the Spanish Fleet. 207. He is kept close in Dunkirk 209. Wants Seamen and why 210 Piementel Didaco with his Ship taken in Zeland 214 Parma blamed envied and hated by the Spaniards and why 231 232. He falls sick and goes to the Spaw 232 Philip of Spains pretence to the Kingdom of France 240 Parma receives gracious Letters from Spain 253. He takes a new Journey into France 254. Frees Paris from a Siege 260 The many troubles attending his return 261. Discontented at his loss before Knolsenburg He goes to the Spaw waters 273. He marcheth into France with an Army 282. Returns thence into the Netherlands having first received a wound 283. While he intends another Journey into France he dyeth 298 The causes of his death and his Character 299.300 Philip King his Declaration against the French King 348 Peace desired by all and a Treaty to that purpose between whom and what Commissioners 368. Their Speech to Prince Maurice and his Answer 369 370 371 The Treaty broken off and why with several opinions thereon 371 372 373 Philip King of Spain in great distress for money and why 454 He dischargeth all his Creditors without payments and the â—ssue thereof 455.456 Peace concludeâ— between England and France and the heads thereof as also the like with the Hollanders 461 462 463 Poland the ingrateful Speech of the Polish Embassador and upon what occasion with the States Answer thereto 492 493 Peace Reasons why the Hollanders refused peace 494 495 496 Padilia sent from Spain with a Fleet to invade Brittain being broken by Tempests and returning is removed from his Command 501 502 Philip King of Spain incline to peace and why 515 Peace treated off between France and Spain at St. Quintins by whom and upon what tearms 526 527. The Treaty goes forward to which are sent English and Holland Embassadors 544 545.553 Various opinions concerning it in the English Court and what and among whom 551 552. Treaty removed to Verbin where a Peace is concluded and the heads thereof 557 558 Philip King his death and the manner thereof 575 576. His Character 576 577. His Son Philip named the 3d succeeds him 578 Priest the noble Speech of a Priest to Mendosa 611 Peace
United States refuse to treat unless their Liberty be confirm'd 879 They receive Letters to that purpose from the Arch-Duke's but not satisfactory 879. They advise with the Provinces the Form of their Letters 880. They send Verdusio to Antwerp and for what 881. He requires a solemn Instrument for confirmation of their Liberty which is granted ibid. The Bounds of the United Provinces 892 â—erreike Lewis Secretary to the Arch Dukes brings to the States the King of Spain's Confirmation of their Liberty but it is disliked and why 895 896 United Provinces Many Disputes there concerning Peace and what and by whom 896. They draw up New Instruments for confirming their Liberty which are sent into Spain 896 Verreike returns with the same together with Nayâ— from Spain onely with some little alterations which is again found fault with and why 897 898. But at length accepted and how 899 United States give an Account of the whole to the several Provinces 899 900 901. Their Debate thereon and Result 901 United States their Proposal to the Arch-Dukes 902 903 W. WAR The causes and beginnings of the Dutch War 2 3 8 9 11 21 22 63 Walloons Who and wheâ—e inhabiting together with their Character 41. War In France first breaks out and upon what occasions 46. War Proclaimed against Don John 89 War in Colen first breaks out and for what and between whom 137 Continuation of the War at Colen 171 Wachtenâ—one besieged by Parma and gained 223 â—eert taken by Prince Maurice his horse but again deserted 396 Warr in Burgundy hotly prosecuted 399 â—rmondt John Admiral of the Dutch in the Cadiz Voyage 447 Whale taken at Bercheyd in Holland and several Opinions concerning the same 532.533.765 Wesell a Town sends a Petition and Gâ—â—es to Mendosa and his answer thereto 609.610 Is forced to submit to the Spaniard but soon after revolts 616.617 â—achtendone Surprized and taken by Lewis of Nassaw 656.657 Warr between the K. of France the Duke of Savoy and for what 692 Wachtendone Surprized and lost again by the Spaniard 749.750 Woude a Castle taken by Prince Maurice 791 Wachtendone besieged by Count Bucquâ—y 808.809 delivered to him 813 Wittenhorst and Gevard Messengers of the Arch-Dukes admitted into the Assembly of the States to Treat of Peace 877.878 Winwoods King James his Embassadors Speech in the Assembly of the States for a Truce 944 Y. YOrk Rowland partaker with Iâ—bis 171. Made Governour of Welaw by the Earl of Leicester 172. He betrayes the same to the Spaniard 178. And is poysoned 179 Z. 〈…〉 many Victories at Sea against the Spaniards 83 〈…〉 and Zuinglians who and what and in what part followed and allowed 36.37 Zutphen taken for the Spaniard by Alva 65.137 Zyriczee taken by Requesens 79 Z 〈…〉 bâ—sieged and taken by Prince Maurice 263.264.265 〈…〉 difference between Holland and Zeland and about what 49â—◠〈…〉 y in Walcheren the Rendezvouz for Prince Maurice his Army 66â— â—â—landers taken a Portugal Carrack 730.731 Zas beâ—sieged by Prince Maurice 791.792.966 A noble Action of a ship of Zeland 846 Zelanders averse to a Peace or Truce and why 945 ERRATA FOr Mâ—rim Page 3. Line 9. read Morini p. 9. l. 26. r. when p. 11. l. 26. r. is it p. 18. l. 13. r. with such innocency p. 19. l. 27. r. as Ibid they mighâ— p. 24. l. 7 8. r. hated above p. 32. l. 13. dele also p. 34. l. â— Gheuses p. 38. l. 6. dele Is. p. 40. l. 12. r. would permit him to lay p. 45. l. 22. r. woman things set p. 51. l. 23. r. was no longer due Ibid. l. 32 33. r. was confirmed p. 52. l. 18. r. equall p. 58. l. 24. r. Dane p. 59. l. ult r. Coliny Ibid. l. 19. r. inveighed against him p. 66. l. 19. r. others placed here Ibid. l. 32. r. into p. 67. l. 7. r. in part called p. 73. l. 21. r. possible p. â—7 l. â—3 insert Artevill p. 112. l. ult r. it was first p. 113. l. 10. r. with 〈…〉 p. 131. l. 11. r. upon Ibid. l. 28. r. mad p. 133. l. 5. r. one Ibid. l. 9 â—0 r. restore such p. 137. l. 8. r. Tâ—â—rius Ibid. l. 16. r. of p. 138. l. 4. r. buâ—â— p. 140. l. 13. r. these p. 143. l. 15. r. one to wit the City p. 145. l. â— r. of p. 150. l. 25. r. Parmensian p. 172. l. 5. r. Bercke p. 181. l. 33 r. thirty Florens a man p. 1â—5 l. 16. r. treacherous p. 202. l. 19. dele now p. 203. l. 4. dele of p. 209. l. 1. insert Nottingbam p. 234. l. 3. r. Rees p. 249. l. 33. r. Pieces p. 251. l. 29. r. decision p. 258. l. 5. r. hate p. 288. l. 3â— r. not in p. 294. l. 2. r. Trench p. 298. l. 1. r. Prince p. 303. l. 17. r. Publike p. 315. l. 13. r. Cuyck Anon. p. 337. l. 25. r. scornful p. 360. l. 1. r. had no been p. 361. l. 16.17 r. more famous City Ibid. l. 20. insert the Ibid. l. 30 dele and. p. 362. l. 3. r. shooting p. 375. l. 9. r. was one p. 377 l. 7. r. Frizeland p. 406. l. 18. r. Magellan p. 409. l. 10. dele of p. 413. l. 21. r. interval p. 418. l. 2. r. then Ibid. l. 6. r. and so p. 442. l. 13. r. them p. 45 l. 17. r. thoughts p. 463 l. 20. r. Meroâ—â—e p. 466. l. 12. r. Junius Ibid. l. 22. r. for his noble birth honors born and description of the Siege p. 546. l. 16. r. appease p. 540. l. â—3 r. noâ— a like p 55â— l. 1. r of p. 574. l. 23. r. had procured Ibid. l. 24. r. by means of his brother p. 588. l. 15. dele been p. 591. l. 2â— r Juâ—eland p. 601. l. 33. r. Bercke p. â—â—2 l. 23. r. Hoye p. 619. l. 27. r. his charges might p. 6â—â— l. 1â— r. seven p. 630. l. â—1 r. in their sleep p 665. l. 5. insert dens of Ibid. r. â— r. seven p. 67â— l. 25. r. â—â—k p. 70â— l. 19. r. Uchtenbrook p. 713. l. 17. r. 〈…〉 p. â—43 l. 24. r. without it 〈…〉 p. 8â—1 l. 〈…〉 Naya's p. 882. l. 26. r. 〈…〉 â—6 〈…〉 A great p. 912 l. 6. r. in Hungary the. p 91â— l. 1. r. 〈…〉 r. many of her p. 965. l. 7. r. Mâ—nâ—s 1568. 1569. 1570. 1575. 1577. 1578. 1580. 1581. 1582. 1587. 1588. 1588. Au. 6. 1589. 1590. 1592. 1593. 1595. 1596. 1597. 1598. 1600. 1603. 1604. 1605. 1606. â—â—â—7 1609.