to make the preparatiues for the war hee did suspend him from all his offices and proceeded against him by way of Iustice And although all his faults were restrained to this onely to haue counselled or at least not disswaded the king from the warre of Affricke yet his processe being verified he suffered condemnation by the Iudges to loose all his offices priuiledges and recompences which had beene giuen him in the end of Sebastians life It preuailed not for his iustification to alleage that if the Cardinall himselfe did not perswade the enterprise yet at the least he did consent vnto it and approoue it which fault was greater in him then in any other that his perswasions shoulde be of more importance with the king then all mens seeing that for the preheminence of his place he alone might speake cleerely and force him which others could not doe fearing as subiects and with reason the indignation of a yoong king the which they say he ought not to haue feared both for his qualitie and his age which should neither yeeld to feare nor hope He tooke the same course against Lewes de Silua and many others that came out of Affrick whereby it was apparent the King knew not absolutely how to vse clemencie nor wrath for neither did he pardon as a man of the Church nor reuenge as a displeased Prince This bredde an alteration in all the affaires of the Realme neither was it sufficient that such as were aduanced to these newe offices were men without experience who by their ignorance did mightily trouble such as did treate with them but for that we easily encline to the woorst some of them vnder colour to seeme affectionate seruants to their king not onely prouided for that which passed their charge but examined the actions of their predecessors finding therein a thousand cauils and preferring the appearance of the kings profite before iustice they disannulled conuentions and lawes to the great trouble and damage of many and small honour to themselues and then did they seeme to doe best iustice when they did molest most such as Sebastian had fauoured and wrought quite contrarie to that which had beene formerly done Notwithstanding if any thing were done by them that was absolutely good it was the disannulling of the impost of salt which Sebastian had imposed Whilest these things passed in Portugall the Catholique King hauing sent Christopher de Mora thither Peter de Venegas into Affrick he perfourmed the funerals of Sebastian in the Church of Saint Ierome at Madrill although it was secretly muttered that the Duke of Alua shoulde say the King shoulde haue perfourmed it in Portugall in our Ladies Church of Belem where the other Kings are accustomed to be interred inferring it may be that Philip was successour to Sebastian or at the least shoulde assure himselfe by force of the succession after Henry causing himselfe to be sworne Prince The report of the Dukes words did greatly mooue Ferrant de Silua Embassadour for Portugall and all the Portugals being a speech that did pearce their harts proceeding from a person whom they helde enimie to their nation for the olde grudges betwixt him and Ruigomes de Silua a naturall Portugall in great credite with Philip besides that being a principall man of account they feared least he spake it with participation of the Kinges minde and tooke it as a declaration of his meaning In this time they spake diuersly of these affaires For although amongst the Castillians the Duke himselfe and one or two other principall persons had this consideration yet in generall they did not beleeue it neither had they considered that Philip shoulde inherite this Realme but they supposed it did of right appertaine to the sonne of the Duke of Parma But the Portugals who had better considered thereof and whose lawes were more in fauour of Philip then those of Castill were amongst themselues better resolued neither was the Catholique King long vnsatisfied hauing both in his owne Countries in Portugall and other places caused learned men diligently to examine who was by right equitie the true successour of this Realme he began now to conceiue that after Henry the succession appertained vnto himselfe And nowe he founde that it was not onely the generall opinion of the Doctors but some amongst them yea of the Portugals thēselues did maintaine that the King did preceade the Cardinal and that these Realmes did appertaine to the Crowne of Castill They alleaged but with the authoritie of fewe Doctors that the lawes of Portugall and the Ciuill likewise ordaine that in case of Realmes the inheritance shall goe to the neerest kinsemen of the last possessour prouided alwaies that he be issued from the same stocke That Sebastian being the last the Catholique King was the neerest kinseman he had and of the same race for besides that he was the eldest of the Nephewes of King Emanuel he was brother to the Kings mother deceased and preceaded the Cardinall a degree being brother to his grandfather They did likewise renewe the auncient pretention of the Castillians saying that by right the Realme appertained vnto them for that King Alphonse the sixth coulde not by generall consent nor with any reason disunite it from the Crowne neither Alphonse the tenth giue the Algarues to his daughter in dowry nor free it of the tribute whereunto it was bounde And although this last pretention to preceade Henry seemed to the King and his ministers of force yet he resolued onely to follow the first and to succeede the Cardinall for desiring to enioy the Realme with peace Henry being already proclaimed king with the consent of the people he supposed he coulde not without offence or without forces take possession thereof besides the respect he bare vnto his vncle and the hope of his short life Heere may be noted the hazard if we may so tearme it whereunto the King if he had interest by his affinitie did thrust his heires by the concealing of his right fearing to offende that nation For besides that during the life of Henry the Portugals shoulde haue leisure to prepare against him if they were not disposed to yeelde to his subiection and if he shoulde die before the Cardinall his successors were excluded from this great inheritance and Emanuel Phillibert Duke of Sauoy did preceade all the rest While these things were consulting in Castill the King of Portugall somewhat setled in his Throne and the heate of his first inclination tempered all the States of the Realme entreated him to prouide that before his death a successor were declared that after his decease they might not liue in suspence And therefore the Magistrate of the Chamber of Lisbone being superior to all others of the Realme made great instance vpon this point and one day all the officers being assembled they went to courte where one of them in the name of the rest spake thus vnto the King Your Highnes shall vnderstande with how
whereof were male content fearing it had beene giuen to the Castillians The which was apparant for that a little before there came boldly to the assemblie of the Nobilitie before the whole Councell two mechanick officers of those that representing the people are imploied to the Magistrate of the citie The one of them crauing audience said they had vnderstoode that some of the chiefe of that assemblie neglecting their dutie and honour had spoken slaunderously and wrought against the publike good and suretie of the Realme which like good Portugals they resolued to preuent as before the inhabitants of the same citie had done in the times of king Iohn the first and of other kings And therefore they required the whole Councell as the chiefe and principall member of the common wealth to aide and support them that they might not loose their honor and priuiledges thorough partialities and priuate respects They saide also that for this effect and for the defence of iustice and to chastice seditious Portugals they were readie with fifteene or twentie thousand men betwixt the citie and the countie which they woulde assemble if neede were in two howres to burne the houses of such as shoulde speake too boldly or treate against the publike good and quiet of these Realmes the which they would not put in execution hoping to see them punished and the matter redressed by some other course He concluded that he thought it their dutie to giue this aduertisement that with more assurance they might all treate of the common good without feare of violence or any preiudice and to stop the mouthes of those who suspected in such a cause make all things impossible without seeking or procuring of any remedie Hauing ended this speech one of the wisest of the assemblie made answer that this counsell was acceptable for the loue and affection they had to the common good but there was not any one amongst them which did not desire it with the like zeale and therefore they should rest assured that all things should be handled with good order carefully but notwithstanding this answere they returned with threatning This assembly discouered to the Catholique King not onely the intention of the Portugals in these affaires but also of King Henrie himselfe for that it seemed vnto him they rather held a forme of conspiracy against him then a councell of the states Henry encouraged by his followers for a time intended to marrie dayly consulting with his phisitions to see if he were apt for generation which seemed strange to all such as had knowen him for euerie man beleeued considering the chast life hee had alwaies led that although he had come yoonger vnto the Crowne he would not haue taken any wife and now talking of it being decrepit of age and a Priest it seemed the desire to exclude the Catholique King from the Realme preuailed so much that it did estrange him from his ancient disposition But honors breed in men alteration of manners although his age made men thinke his inclination was rather forced in him then voluntarie Some of the wisest said that the Catholique King should haue a special regard least he were abused in this marriage for although the age and disposition of the said Henrie might well assure him yet the matter being of such importance he should suspect some supposed or adulterate childe or some such like deceit But hauing possibly laboured at Rome that no dispence should be graunted to Henrie he sent into Portugall Fryer Ferrant of Castillio of the order of preaching Friers and an eloquent diuine the cause of his voyage being vnknowne I my selfe being vnable to search the secret It was generally thought he went to disswade the King from marriage with many reasons and especially saying that in so dangerous a time by reason of the Heretickes which did raigne when as Heretickes did tolerate marriage in men of the Church if he now did it being Priest and King he should giue them a verie ill president and this conceit of his going was confirmed to be true hauing vnderstood he was neither willingly heard nor presently dispatched The pretendents had beene cited which were the Catholique King the Dutchesse of Bragance the Duke of Sauoy the Prince of Parma and Anthonie Prior of Crato to send shew their reasons The Catholike King did not answere in forme although Henrie had written vnto him with his owne hand but onely sent a certificat with a Secretarie to his Ambassador in Portugall that he had beene cited Many disallowed this diligence and all agreed that the King causing the Duke of Sauoy and the Pryor to be cited had not dealt therein iudicially saying it was a meane to breed contention the Prior being manifestly a bastard and the Duke apparantly after King Philip. Who being cited framed a new Councell of some of the Lords of his Counsell of State of his Confessor one other Diuine and fiue Doctors of the Councell roiall which he called the adioining of the succession of Portugall they were twelue in number and did onely treate of those things that did concerne that point At this time Iohn de Silua arriued at Madrill from Ciuill to be enformed of matters cōcerning his charge who although he were graciously receiued of the King and did often enter into Councell both to giue his aduise and to take his instructions yet did they delay his dispatch sometimes with one excuse and sometimes with an other And although he did earnestly sollicite that he might enter into the mannaging of so great an action as was the vnion of this Realme and after so many trauailes past goe comfort his friendes with his presence yet in this particular he had either many crosses or small good fortune For being prisoner in Affrick although it seemed to these Counsellors that this charge as his shoulde not be otherwise disposed of vntill they had certaine newes of his life or death yet notwithstanding it seemed that both the Kings meaning and the disposition of his ministers were enclined to dispossesse him not onely when he was present but euen then when he had most reason to beleeue it for that the King hauing alreadie discouered himselfe in secret matters to Christopher de Mora woulde not peraduenture reueale them to any other whereof they were apparent signes some curriers comming out of Portugall directed to other ministers then to those that did handle the matters of succession Besides the Duke of Ossuna to whose will both the Cardinall Archbishop of Toledo and other counsellors did conforme themselues hauing entered into great familiaritie with Mora recommending him to the King laboured that no other should be sent to treat of this busines seeming as it may be vnto him as some did suppose that he would not so easily agree with Sylua being more haughtie He answered to these obiections offering not onely to agree with the Duke of Ossuna and with all those that should be sent but
with much people on foote The Cardinall inuironed with a great multitude ascends the staires of the hospitall being entered the Church hauing heard Seruice and ended his praiers he seates himselfe in the chaire prepared on the scaffolde where presently Frauncis de Sada one of those that had bin gouernours put the Scepter in his hand and Michell de Mora Secretarie standing a little off said reading it with a loude voice that King Henrie by the death of King Sebastian did succeede in the Realme and therefore they had deliuered him the Scepter and that he was come to take the accustomed oath to maintaine and obserue vnto his people and to any other all liberties priuiledges and conuentions graunted by his predecessours which done the Secretarie kneeling before him with an open booke the King laide his hande thereon swearing so to do then did the Attabales sounde euery man crying Reale Reale for Henry King of Portugall this done he riseth with the same companie holding alwaies the Scepter in hande he returned to the pallace the Attabales sounding and the Herolds crying from time to time as before THE THIRDE BOOKE The Contents of the third Booke The descent of the Kings of Portugall The pretendants to the succession The resolutions of King Henrie And the peoples demaunds The voyage of the Duke of Ossuna into Portugall and other Embassadors from the Catholique King The imprisonment of the Duke of Alua The Catholique Kings letters to them of Lisbone The States of Portugall The grounds of the pretendants to the succession The sentence of Henry against Anthony Prior of Crato vpon his legitimation by vertue of the Popes Briefe The reasons of the Catholique King to the Realme against euerie one of the pretendants The preparatiues to warre of the Catholique King against the Realme of Portugall The suspension of the briefe The second sentence of Henry against Anthonie The alteration of King Henry his will concerning the succession And the Popes offers to the Catholique king MOst men from all the noted parts of the worlde had their mindes and iudgements turned vpon Portugall both for that hitherto the affaires of Sebastian were worthie attention as to see nowe Henry come to the Crowne who was olde and without successour which made all Princes doubte that the succession of this Realme might trouble the publike quiet for the Pretendants were diuers their actions differing all allied and all with groundes And although their forces were vnequall yet were they made equal by certaine respects But to the ende we may the better vnderstand the groundes of euery one of the pretendants I will make a little digression to report briefly the descent of these Kings And although from the first vnto Henry there raigned seauenteene yet doe I not thinke it necessarie to take their beginning but frō Emanuel forward who was the fourteenth who began his raigne in the yeere of our Lord 1495. for that of his onely progenie is issued the number of Princes that pretended to the Crowne This man had three wiues of the first which was Isabell daughter to Ferdinand King of Castill widow to Alphonse sonne to Iohn the second of Portugall he had no other children for she died in childbed but Michael who died in the cradle who had beene as they say the pillar and corner stone to vnite it and Spaine togither But by his death the Portugals lost the kingdomes of Castill and Arragon whereof Emanuel and Isabell his wife were sworne Princes the issue male of the bloud roiall being extinct in Castill His second wife which was Marie sister to Isabell third daughter of the saide Ferdinand brought him many children vz. sixe sonnes and two daughters Isabel was married to Charles the fifth Emperour Beatrice to Charles the thirde Duke of Sauoy Iohn did inherite the kingdome Lewes died without marrying leauing behinde him Anthony his bastard sonne he who as you shall heare anon was the cause of great miserie to his countrey by reason of his pretention to the Crowne Ferdinand deceased without heires so did Alphons who was Cardinall called by the title of Saint Blaise and Henry of the title of Saint Quatre Coronez this outliued all the rest and it is hee of whom we speake Edward tooke to wife Isabell daughter to Iaime Duke of Bragance by whome he had Marie which afterwardes was married to Alexander Farnese Prince of Parma and Katherine at this present wife to Iohn of Bragance he had likewise a sonne the which being borne after the death of his father who liued but fower yeeres in matrimonie was likewise called Edward This is he who disfauoured by Sebastian died at Euora in the yeere 1576. of his thirde wife which was Leonora daughter to king Philip the first of Castill archduke of Austria who was after married to Frauncis the first king of Fraunce he had none but Charles who died yoong and Marie who being about sixe and fiftie yeeres olde died a maide at Lisbone in the yeere 1578. But returning to Iohn the thirde sonne of the second wife who succeeded Emanuel in the kingdome he contracted marriage with Katherine sister to the Emperour Charles the fifth and had issue Marie who after was the first wife of Philip the second king of Castill now raigning from whom issued Charles who died yoong the which if he had liued without doubt had preceaded the Cardinall Henry in the succession of the crowne The saide Iohn and Katherine had many male children which died yoong one onely outliued the rest named Iohn who as some say died yoong with excessiue loue of his wife sister to the saide Philip leauing her great with childe and after deliuered of Sebastian during his grandfathers life who soone after passed to an other worlde and this is that Sebastian which died in Affrick Let vs now come to the pretentions The Catholique King as it is saide put himselfe foremost being borne of Isabell the eldest daughter of Emanuel And although as a Castillian he was naturally hated of that nation yet he supposed that being mightie compassing in the Realme with his dominions and the Portugals vnexpert he shoulde soone either by loue or force become master thereof Iohn Duke of Bragance challenged the Realme as the right of Katherine his wife alleaging he was neerer to the succession then the Catholique King being although a woman daughter to the said Edward brother to the saide Isabell And forasmuch as the Duke is the greatest personage of the Realme and his subiects most warlike trusting on the fauour of Henry who did then grace him and hauing small experience in the affaires of the worlde he held himselfe halfe in possession Alexander Prince of Parma sonne to Octauius Farnesse did pretend it for his eldest son Rhainucius as male issued from Marie the eldest daughter of the saide Edward sister to the saide Katherine And although his territories were farre off yet besides that some supposed the Church shoulde
for by that meanes he should prouide for all things fit for the Realme giuing satisfaction to him that should haue the strongest pretention And although the matter were still in doubt yet the King had thought it the best course as they should well finde and if they would consider thereof being of such importance as his Highnes had thought it conuenient to impart it vnto them and with their counsell to determine what should be most necessarie for the seruice of God and the profit of the Realme That hee did recommend it vnto them that with quietnes of mindes and the onely respect of the diuine seruice and the common good they should treat and consider of this matter giuing the King present knowledge of their opinions This Ambassage did greatly alter the councell who expected an Ambassage from the King whether he would admit their demand concerning the election and seeing they treated with them of a matter halfe ended laying aside what the Ambassador had propounded they resolued to send backe to the King to expostulate an answere of their Ambassage which done they profited no more then before But to Phebus Moniz one of those which went who possibly spake without respect the King made answere with great patience That he should haue come accompanied with choler whereunto he replied that it was reasonable seeing his Highnes would giue the Realme vnto the Castillians Let him giue it to any Portugall whosoeuer they were all contented The day following the Bishop returned to the assembly and without any answer to the Deputies demaund hee saide vnto them in the Kings behalfe That his Highnes vnderstood that some of the Councell were mistaken supposing the accord whereof he had made mention should be betwixt the King of Castill the Duchesse of Bragance which being contrarie he thought it good to explaine his meaning that the accord which he laboured was betwixt the King of Castill and these Realmes and to let them vnderstande that sentence was readie to be giuen in fauour of the king of Castill and therefore they shoulde consider how much more fit it were to ende it by accorde then by sentence that they shoulde well consider of that which he had sent to be deliuered vnto them for being a matter so important to the Realme it was necessarie that all should be capable The Bishop being departed many of the Deputies grewe in choler some of them saying that the Bishop affected vnto Philip had forged this Embassage of himselfe and that it was not credible the King had deliuered it thus vnto him Many spoke freely and some sought to interrupt him before hee had ended seeming vnto them that the king not answering their demaunde made small account of this assemblie saying that he coulde be no iust iudge of this cause seeing he had declared his intention But weighing better if they should confesse that he had pronounced it as a king and iudge they were bound to obey they beganne to say he had made no declaration holding it in suspence They sent to the assemblie of the Clergie to let them vnderstand what had passed and to complaine and to the King likewise to demaund an answer who answering them that he woulde sende did presse them to rest satisfied and to commit the care of this resolution to some fewe of them whereunto the Deputies woulde not agree fearing least the authoritie of the pretendents might force them or corrupt the iudges protesting openly that they woulde neither conuent nor accord with the Castillians But King Henry seeing the Deputies obstinately forcing an aunswere to their demaund finding he coulde neither drawe them to composition nor to compremit the matter to fewe fearing if hee shoulde pronounce the sentence they woulde make some exception resolued to make short to graunt that which they demaunded For which cause he sent backe the Bishop the thirde time who with a more pleasing audience then before saide vnto them in the kings behalfe That seeing the accord he had propounded did not seeme pleasing vnto them as vnto his Highnes he woulde make no other motion but woulde admit them to pleade the interest they had in the Kings election giuing them notwithstanding but two daies libertie to produce their reasons The Deputies glad of this answere sent to kisse the Kings hand for this fauour crauing leaue to draw some auncient writings out of the Records requiring more libertie of time the which he would not graunt referring them to the Soueraigne magistrate for the writings The Portugals were puffed vp with hope by this permission to elect a King at their owne pleasure and therefore many more hastily then they should declared themselues protesting they would rather yeeld to any then to the Castillians And not onely the common people but many of the Nobilitie said the same whereof many shewing themselues too seditious were banished the assemblies whereas such as seconded the Kings will besides the promises of the Catholike Kings Agents were fauoured and rewarded by Henrie The pretendents to the succession were discontented with the Kings inclination some complayned others dissembled The Duke of Bragance relied greatly vpon his wiues Title The Bishop of Parma comming to the assembly of States complayned publikely of the King with graue wordes to whom Emanuell de Sosa made a wise answere assuring him of the Kings intent to doe iustice whilest the matter stoode vpon these termes the King grew so weake as he could not rise from his bed giuing signes of a short life yet did he not leaue to the hower of his death to prouide for all things necessarie At that time the Duke of Bragance thought it fit to send Katherine his wife to Almeryn to visite Henrie to perswade him to declare her heire to the Crowne the which he did with small content to Henrie to whom she spake freely This her comming the Archbishop of Euora vncle to the Duke hauing at the same time giuen a prebend of the same church of great reuenue to Paul Alphonso bred matter of iealousie in such as were affected to the Catholique King who not knowing the qualitie of this Doctor and the obedience wherewith they keepe the Kings commaundements charged him not to haue perfourmed such offices with the Dutchesse as were conformable to Henries commission who drawning neere vnto midnight passed into an other life a thing woorthie to be noted that he began to die in the beginning of the Ecclipse of the moone he died with the end thereof as if that the celestiall signe had wrought that effect in him being a King of a weake bodie which it doth not in stronger or at the least not so suddenly as Astrologians doe write neither is the hower to be neglected being the same wherein he was borne 68. yeeres before The religious which were at his death saide that he was alwaies talking About ten of the clocke hee demaunded howe the time went and being told he desired some rest and that they
entreated them presently to resolue to receiue and sweare him for their king and lord as God would haue it they themselues knowing chiefly touching this matter what king Henry thought determined and had resolued and the bond where by they were tied to obey his will in dooing whereof he woulde grant vnto the realme not onely the priuileges which he had set downe the which the Duke of Ossuna should offer in his name but any other they should require being iust and reasonable hoping they woulde take that course which was to be expected from wise men and Christians he would continue his determination The Embassadors seemed not satisfied with this answere but demanding leaue to impart it to the Gouernors they accompanied the king vntill he came to Merryda Now were the Gouernors in Portugall wearied with the Councell of the States desirous to dissolue them and hauing first required a prolonging of the gouernment the King had left vnto them and not obtaining it they did signifie vnto them that the States were ended that the Deputies might returne to their houses leauing only ten of them to treat of matters which should fal out for so small a number might lodge any where being now forced to leaue Almeryn and to take some small place neere the citie of Lisbone being greatly entreated thereunto but the Deputies who had sent Iohn de Noghera to the Vniuersitie of Coimbra to studie the point of their pretēded election hauing receiued answer that the election belonged to the States of the realme they woulde by no meanes be dissolued perswaded thereunto by the bishop of Parma the Prior the chamber of Saint Arem and many particulars offring money to supply their wants but they opposed in vaine For although they had sent to the Gouernors to alleage their reasons in law labouring to prooue that the States were not to be dissolued that their procurations were offorce yet the Gouernors did againe disable them saying their authorities were of no force so as many began to separate themselues and returne to their houses The Gouernors prepared to defend themselues for although the greatest part of them were not of that opinion yet to content the people and to please the other Gouernors and gentlemen of the popular faction it behooued them so to do For this cause they armed their gallions they brought armes from other countries they mustred men for the warre they sent gentlemen throughout all the prouinces of the realme and laboured to imploy such as contrarie to the Catholique Kings faction being present hindered their resolutions who willingly accepted of these charges seeming to haue greater confidence in them then in any other Diego de Meneses was sent into the prouince beyond Tagus Iohn de Vasconcello into Beira Emanuel of Portugall into the mouth of Tagus and many other to diuers parts of the Realme George de Meneses had charge of the armie at sea so as they were all dispersed and the Gouernors had good meanes to effect their desires yet Martyn Gonzalues de la Camera no lesse popular then the rest remained in court of whom the Gouernors grew iealous that hauing imploied him as a mediator betweene them and the States of the realme he was become a superior But the prouision and preparatiues that were made although some vsed all care and diligence seemed rather done for shew and fashion sake then to any effect In Castill they discoursed vpon the manner of this enterprise seeming impossible vnto the Duke to gather togither so many carriages as was necessarie for the conduct of victuals and munition and therefore deuised to transport his forces by sea He determined with few men to keepe them busied in Extremadure to diuert them and vnder colour to hasten the armie to march towards Andelouzia and speedily to imbarke his soldiers at Saint Marie Port to assaile the entrie of the mouth of Lisbone in despite of all the fortresses that were there making account to loose some ships which should by chaunce touch But receiuing certaine aduertisement by men expresly sent into Portugall that there was aboue six thousand chariots to be founde he left this dangerous resolution more for the regard of the sea then the enimies He determined to march to Settuual thinking it necessary to win a port of the sea of so great importāce for the harboring of the nauie for cōming thither laden with victuals he not able to carrie with him by land aboue a moneths prouision it seemed necessarie to ioine the forces prouisions of the sea to them of the land and that therein consisted the victorie with this resolution he went to Merrida where the King remained of whom being receiued with a cheerefull countenance they treated what course the armie should take There grew some diuersitie of opinion betwixt the Duke and some others who perswaded by some confident Portugals would haue the armie march to Almeryn and there passe Tagus at a foord or at Saint Arem vpon bridges that they should force that place being but weake and so they might passe safely to the wals of Lisbone the which without attending any batterie would yeeld presently or it may be before their arriuall for taking from them the victuals from the plaines of Saint Arem they should not onely besiege them by famine but they shoulde so furnish their armie with corne that they shoulde haue no neede of prouision from the fleete the which they should better receiue at Lisbone then at Settuual without hazarding the enteprise and the armie by the dangers of disimbarking which going to Settuual they must be forced to do against the forts vpō the mouth of the riuer and with losse of time in winning of them This opinion seemed so grounded that it required no lesse authoritie or arte to disprooue then the Dukes who being chiefe of this enterprise and to hazard his reputation drew the King to his opinion Philip had likewise enuironed as a man may say all the realme of Portugall with armes though not with mercenarie soldiers yet with such as they coulde assemble togither he commanded all Noblemen whose liuings ioined to the confines of this realme that hauing enrolled the greatest number of their subiects able to beare armes they shoulde be readie at his commandement yet in the meane time they shoulde receiue gently in his name the cities and subiects of Portugall that woulde obey him In Gallicia Peter de Castro Earle of Lemos and Gaspard de Fonsequa Earle of Monteré had the charge against the prouince behinde the mountaines Iohn Pimentel Earle of Benneuent and Diego de Tolledo Earle of Alua In Estremadura Beltramo dela Cueua Duke of Albequerque and Ferrant Anriques Marquesse of Villa Noua against Vera Iohn Pacheco Marquesse of Seraluo and in Algarues Frauncis de Suniga Duke of Besar and Alonso de Gusman of Medina Cidonia In the armie where the Duke of Alua was commander of all both at sea and at
against her hauing seene the proofe thereof in the affaires of Ireland sought to secure hirselfe that they might not wrong her and to that end she entred into an agreement as it was said with the Queene and her yoongest sonne to the preiudice of Philip whereof the effect was soone seen The saide Alançon being returned againe into England being alreadie agreed with the Prince of Orenge who was the instrument of all these practizes he passed from thence to Antwerpe where the peoples humours being before disposed by the saide Prince he was receiued in all these places with great ioy and the xix day of Februarie in the yeere of our Lord 1582. they did sweare him Duke of Brabant the which caused a generall admiration for many reasons It seemed strange that the Prince of Orenge in a manner absolute Lord in those countries the which he had so long defended woulde vpon the end of the worke spoile himself of the state giue it vnto a stranger without constraint without profit to the preiudice of his honor And although it seemed he had done the like to Mathias Arch Duke of Austria afterwards sent him back into Germany it was not credible that he hoped euer to do so vnto the Duke for besides that he was entred in a manner by maine force his power the neernes of Fraunce the fauor of England might wel induce men to beleeue that he woulde so establish himselfe as he need not feare to be expelled There wanted not such as woulde excuse the Prince saying that the people were nowe wearie and vnfurnished of money by reason of so great warres that they coulde not relieue him as hee had neede and thefore it behooued him to seeke some one that should aide him against the Catholique king who hauing now recouered the realme of Portugall shoulde bee able with greater ease to molest those countries seeing that he was forced to seeke for succours there was no greater person then this making in a manner an muincible vnion of these estates with Fraunce and England besides the Prince shoulde attaine to the wished ende which was to depriue the Catholique king of the whole possession and many did so much relie vpon the Princes foresight and iudgement that they supposed hee woulde like wise expell Alançon when hee pleased Many blamed the manner of the Dukes proceeding who sought to vsurpe an others patrimonie without any title others excused him forging lawes of state after their owne humours saying that the priuileges of the countrey did allow that if the Catholique King did not obserue them they might choose a Prince of themselues the which the King hauing broken they had sought out an other Lorde The effect of the league was not yet ended in those parts but to diuert the Catholique King from making warre in those countries at the mediation of Anthony to trouble the state of Portugal they prepared a great armie in Fraunce Some said it was to be imploied against the same realme hoping the people woulde rise against the Castillians some supposed it shoulde be sent to succour the Terceraes the winning whereof Philip threatned to attempt and some beleeued that they went for no other intent but to surprise certaine ships that came from the newe nauigations charged with golde and spice There hapned at that time in Flaunders a matter of admiration and seldome seene For the Prince of Orenge being in Antwerpe quiet and in the greatest fortune that he was euer was shot in his house rising from his table in the midst of all his seruants with a pistoll by Iohn Scaurigni a yoong man a Biscaine mooued thereunto by zeale of religion as he pretended the bullet hitting him vnder his right iawe passed forth through the window and although he was supposed to be dead yet was he cured and liued and the offender was presently slaine by his guard and all such as were founde accessarie were executed Whilest these things were determined in Fraunce and the low Countries the king who remained still in Portugall sought to giue contentment to the Portugals who hauing long and with importunitie sought for recompence were in the ende all in a manner dispatched giuing vnto many of them orders of knighthoode much of the reuenewes and all the offices that might bee giuen to the great griefe of the Castillians who saide that this realme with more right appertained vnto Philip seeing he had inherited it bought it and conquered it This distribution was made by the two Deputies with great bountie yet wrought it no good effect in the Kings fauour neither was it acceptable for finding two kinde of Portugals which sought for reward that is those to whom Philip in the time of Henry and the Gouernours had promised money and honors to follow his partie and such as faithfully without promises yea refusing them had loially serued him It was in a manner impossible to equall their recompences so as one of the parties should not be discontented but they proceeded so as some were grieued and others proude For besides the errors that were committed by reason of the ignorance of the officers being more easie to promise then to performe the kings Agents had made large offers not onelie to such as coulde helpe but also to many of small meanes and lesse countenance The King desired in any case to satisfie these bonds and although he woulde haue rewarded the most faithfull aboue all others yet could he not performe it for that by reason of their excessiue promises all the reuenewes of the crowne had not beene sufficient so as it often hapneth in Courts they gaue not vnto them that deserued with the like proportion as to such as were vnworthie So as the loue of the subiects was nothing encreased by this meanes for the most trusty were discontented seeming against reason to bee woorse entreated then those which had beene lesse faithfull but with rewarde in hande alleaging also that many of them had not performed that for which they were paide seeming sufficient vnto many to remaine newters and to some that had serued Anthony to say that they were forced and such as were least faithfull for that their harts were not so firmely setled to the Kings seruice they supposed to haue carried themselues wisely They esteemed euery small matter to be of great importance and supposing the king to vnderstand wel what neede he had of them in contempt of the rest they grew insolent These were the generall causes for the which the greatest distribution that euer was within the realme was not pleasing but the nature of the Portugals is vneasie to content in this respect for being enuious they doe feele with greater griefe an other mans profite then their owne losse Those of the baser sort although they expected no answere hauing enriched themselues in their trades by the great multitude of Courtiers yet coulde they not suffer the Castillians to be superiors and as
was ended He procured that the assemblie of Deputies for this effect shoulde not be called estates to the ende hee might take away all occasion of demaunding new things or to redemaund those which had beene required in the former estates and not graunted and therefore hee had contrarie to the custome sent into all places briefes of the procurations the Deputies should bring with them so drawne as they should not extend further then the swearing of the Prince and although it were so executed yet the estates did not forbeare especially he that was for the Deputies of the realme to reuiue the demaunds made at the estates helde at Tomar with some others and especially that it woulde please his Maiestie to shewe magnanimitie and clemencie in giuing a generall pardon to all such as were culpable of Anthonies offence saying it shoulde greatly profite and do little harme But whatsoeuer the cause was he neither satisfied them in this point nor in any other of importance He dispatched some Portugals which sought reward for although hee had giuen vnto many yet were they not content But notwithstanding all this care and diligence whether it were his faulte or his ministers or else the disposition of the suters or of all togither there remained many of them discontented part of them for that they were not recompenced and others for that they did not seeme to be recompenced according to their merits The Duke of Bragance at the assembly of the estates hoped to haue receiued recompence from the King which he supposed to haue deserued for although hee were rewarded yet was it not according to his expectation for aspiring to greater offices greater authoritie then he had it seemed the Kings wil was therein directly contrarie so as for that the recompences were small in regard of the greatnes of his hope they were not published but hee was suffered to replie that they might be after specified The Marques of Villa Real receiued likewise no contentment to his liking so as both remained ill satisfied and the Duke leauing the Court being long before sicke died soone after although the Portugals say that the griefe he conceiued of the weake recompence hee receiued from Philip hastened his daies The King at the time of his departure reformed the state of iustice publishing many newe lawes suffering the Portugals to attire themselues more freely with silke then other kings had done He made Cardinall Albert Archduke of Austria gouernour of the realme in his absence leauing him notwithstanding accompanied with three counsellors that is George d'Almada Archbishop of Lisbone Peter d'Ascasoua and Michael de Mora who was Secretorie of the realme newly created Notarie which they call of the puritie so great a charge as yet had neuer beene giuen but to the chiefest personages of the realme whereunto since the time of King Iohn the third that Michael de Silua Bishop of Viseu who was after Cardinall went to Rome in disgrace there was neuer any aduanced The King gaue procuration to the said Cardinall causing him to take an oath in the presence of the councell of State and of the magistrate of the Chamber of Lisbone to gouerne with iustice and to resigne him the realme at his returne The Empresse his sister who was to goe into Castill visiting first the Nunnes of the monasterie of Santos who may lawfully marrie she tooke foorth and carried with her Iulian d' Allan castro of the age of thirteene yeeres who by the decease of Maudlyn Girone her mother remained Dutchesse of Auero The Portugals were much grieued with this acte for although she said the King woulde prouide she should not marrie but with his liking yet notwithstanding she seemed to be rauished and manie feared that he woulde not marrie her in Castill When these things were ended the king departed the eleuenth of Februarie in the yeere 1583. the which greatly displeased the quiet and did glad the seditious for those feared least there shoulde grow some controuersie betwixt the people and the garrisons that the soldiers ill paied woulde mutine and that the Cardinals authoritie was not of such force as the kings presence to redresse it and contrariwise the rest hoped that the kings absence the small affection the people bare vnto them the oppression of the garrison and the great dearth woulde in the spring considering principally the army which was prepared in Fraunce minister matter of alteration although it now seemed that things succeeded in fauour of the kings intention hauing intelligence that in Flaunders the Duke of Alonçon seeking to assure himselfe of the citie of Anwerp wherein he was as Lord and Protector hauing his armie lodged thereabouts it had not succeeded for forcing of a gate and hauing drawne in three thousand French they were by the great valour of the Citizens repulsed and the one halfe slaine so as it seemed the Flemmings would no more trust the Duke but compound with the King Such Portugals as had receiued no answere to their demaunds doubted of all dispatch in the Kings absence but this feare was qualified by the opinion which they had conceiued that the Cardinall remaining gouernour they should be no lesse fauored by him then they had beene by the King himselfe albeit this hope soone vanished after the Kings departure for the Cardinall did not onely forbeare to vse the authoritie which hee seemed to haue left him but hee refused to signe the commaundements or other writings which concerned the affaires of the realme And although some beleeued that he had forborne to do it for that the king was yet vpon the way and not out of the realme vpon a respect of soueraigntie yet they were deceiued for the King being out of the realme he did not signe the which bred a great disdaine in the Portugals who pretended to holde the realme distinguished from that of Castill it seemed that this manner of gouernment which the king vsed from Madrill was a more strict vnion then they desired besides the troubles of their expeditions for the distance of the court And this disdaine was much augmented for that the king had placed in the councell of the reuenewes of the crowne which they terme d'Hazenda two counsellors Castillians of nation a doctor a merchant saying that it was vnseemely against their priuileges THE TENTH BOOKE The Contents of the tenth Booke In this last Booke is contained the death of Sanches d'Auila The sacke of the Ilands of Cape Vert The carriage of Emanuel de Silua Gouernour of the Terceres The preparatiō of king Philip to force the said Ilands The succours sent thither from Fraunce The fortification and the garrison The departure of the armie from Lisbone The description of the Iland of Terceres The arriuall there of the Spanish armie The assault skirmishes and taking of the Iland The yeelding of the French The taking of the Iland of Fayale and the obedience of all the rest How that Emanuel de Silua
the rocke of Saint Iulian 202. his answere to Anthonie 205. his speech to his souldiers 212. the order of his armie ibid. blamed for slacknes 218. his prayses 220. blamed and his excuses 223. his souldiers complaine 245. his death with his prayse and dispraise 300 E EDward de Castro beheaded by Anthonie 292 Eluas taken 155 Emanuel de Silua staies at the Terceres 298. his carriage there 307. his flight hindred 318. taken and executed with others 323 Empresse Marie comes to Lisbone 271 Estates at Almerin 109. begon by the Bishop of Leiria 110 Estate of Fraunce and Flaunders 265 Euora yeelded 175 F FActions in Oliuenza 161 Feare in the citie of Lisbone 207 Flight of Teglio 167 Figueroa arriues at the Terceres and returnes to Lisbone 263 Fonsequa his speech for the creation of Anthonie 165 Fortresse of Settuuall yeelded 184 Francis de Tauora slaine in the battaile pag. 48 Francis de Melo Earle of Tentuguell writes to king Sebastian 18 Francis Barretto sent by the Portugals to the French king for succors 139 Francis de Valois Duke of Alanson enimy to king Philip and why 266. sworne Duke of Brabant 268. seeks to be master of Antwerpe but in vaine 305 Francis de Villafagna Auditor of the Councell of state sent to Lisbone by king Philip 244 French armie arriues at S. Michaels 280. their first encounter 282. they disagree 288. they are beheaded and hanged 295. displeased with their ouerthrowe 299. they spoile the Ilands of Cape Vert 307. they compound with the Spaniards at the Terceres 320. sent to the gallies 324 G GAllies arriue at the Terceres in safetie 312 Generals ship of the French taken by the Spaniards 291 George de Meneses generall at sea imprisoned by Anthonies command pag. 186 Gouernors of Portugal published 99. they prepare for defence 132. their inconstancie 148. they neglect the defence of Lisbone 163. they flie from Settuuall 168. their decree 178 H HAmet proclaimed by the Moores 52. his couetousnes 53 Henry Cardinall called to the crowne of Portugal 55. sworne king 57. his resolution comming to the crowne 64. he fauors the Dutchesse of Bragance 76. he desires to marrie 80. his sentence against the Prior touching his legitimation 87. he changeth his minde in fauour of Philip 97. he falleth sicke and dies 116. his life 117 Henry Pereira hanged 198 Hopes of the French armie at sea with Strozzi 278 Hope of the Spanish court touching their armie at sea 279 I IEan de Betancour affected to Philip pag. 256 Ieron Mendoza treats with Anthonie 260 Iesuits called Apostles in Portugall not able to redresse the corruptions of the Portugals 9. blamed as moters of Sebastians voiage into Africke II. walled vp at the Terceres 243 Iohn de Silua Ambassadour for Philip in Portugall deliuered and returns out of Africke 74. he labours to be sent backe into Portugall 82 Iohn d'Austria gouernoūr of Flaunders for king Philip 23 Iohn d'Azeuedo admirall of Portugall taken prisoner by the Castillians 176 Iland of the Terceres described 313 Iland of Saint Michael described 280 Inhabitants of Fayall kill a trumpetter that was sent vnto them 322. are taken 323 Irishmen demaund succours of the Pope against their Prince 27 L LAwes made betweene Mahumet Cheriffe and Hamet his brother touching the succession of the realme 14 Legate visites the king 192 Leon Henriquez Confessor to Henrie supposed to haue drawne him to fauour Philips title 98 Letters and a present from the Duke of Alua to king Sebastian 38 Lewes Dataide Cont of Toghia sent Viceroie to the Indies by Sebastian 25. obeies king Philip 262 Lisbone chiefe citie of Portugall 3 yeeldes to the Duke of Alua 217 sweares obedience to Philip 221 Lucciali comes to Algier with seuenty gallies 265 M MAgistrate of Lisbone perswades Anthony to compound 208. Mahamet sonne to Abdala kils his vncle 14. is expelled by his vncle Moluc and seekes for succour of Philip and Sebastian 15. disswades Sebastian to go in person into Africk 26. despeares of the victory 36. disswades the battaile 41. is drowned in Mucazen 51. his skinne fleied off 53 Manner of the enterprise of Portugal pag. 132 Marques of Saint Cruz arriues at Settuuall with an armie by sea 183. he imbarkes for the Terceres 277. he resolues to fight with the French and the order of his battaile 285. he defeats them and giueth sentence against the prisoners 294 he landeth some men at the Terceres 316 his skirmish with the French 317. taketh S. Sebastian 319. sends to Faiall 320 Martin Gonsalues sent to the deputies of the realme 118 Messenger sent to Cardinall Henrie from king Philip 55 Meneses blamed and his excuses 195 Mulei Moluc prepares against the Portugals 31. his meanes to defeat them 34. his aduise to the king of Portugal 36. his speech to his brother 38. his armie 39. the ordering thereof 42. his oration to his soldiers 43. his feare and death 47 Mutinie at Coimbra 112 N NAmes of the chiefe men slaine in the bataile of Africke 52 Number of the Christians Moores slaine in the battaile ibid. Number slaine in the battaile at Alcantara 218 Number slaine in the battaile at sea pag. 293 O OFfer made by Moluc to the kings of Spaine and Portugall 31 Oliuenza yeelded to the Catholique king 158 Opinions touching the passage of the riuer of Tagus 192 Order of the Portugals and Moores armie 41 42 Originall of the hatred betwixt the Portugals and Castillians 5 P PArleament at Tomar 248 Peiyoxto sent to Saint Michaels fought with by French ships 276 Peter d'Alcasoua sent ambassadour to Philip 16 punished by Henry and the cause 64 Peter de Medici generall of the Italians 134 Peter Dora Consul of the French sent into Fraunce for Anthonie 178 he remaines there with the money he receiued 188 Peter de Toledo landes at Faiall and spoiles it 322 Philip king of Spaine meetes with Sebastian at Guadalupa 15 perswades him to accept of Molucs offer 20. labors to diuert Sebastian from Africke 24. accepts peace Sebastians bodie 56. claimes the crowne of Portugal 61. writes to the city of Lisbone 72. sendes a Iacobin into Portugall 80. erects a councell for the affaires of Portugal 81. his reasōs against the other pretēdents 81 his reasons for his pretētion 81. he giueth Henry notice of his right 91. he prepares to war against the Portugals 92. his care to assure his conscience for the realme of Portugall 126. his answere to the Portugals 144. he takes possession of the realme 152. his armie is wasted 153. his letters to the inhabitants of Eluas 156. his letters to Anthonie 159. proclaimed at Oliuenza 162. his answer to the Duke of Bragance 171. his pardon to the Portugals 201. he falleth sick 221. he enters into Portugall by Eluas 238. he visits the Dutchesse of Bragance 247. sworne king at Toruas with the prince Diego 248. his entrie into Lisbone 253. his recompence to the Portugals 270. he prepares against the Terceres 273. he
armes in all places and the cause thereof 274. his order in preparing 275. he departs from Portugall 304. his armie departs from Lisbone 312. arriues at the Terceres and their proceeding 314 Plague in Portugall 108 Places fortified by the Portugals 140 Portugals conquests at the Indies 4. they prepare for the warre of Africke 25. their armie landes in Africke and their proceedings 30. the qualitie of their armie 37. their conceite to fight 39. the order of their battaile 40. their aduantage of the Moores 41. their armie at sea returnes to Lisbone 54. their sorrow 56. their ceremonie in bewailing their king dead 58. they pretend election of their king 62. their demands 66. their reasons for the election 84. they complaine of king Henrie 85. their discourse vpon the estate of the realme 101. they answere the Castillians 106. they disagree with them 229. they are discontented 252. they abandon the French 319. their ships are spoiled 320 Pope pretends election 63 Pope Gregorie the xiij his offer to the Catholike king 98. he fauours Anthonie 190 his offer against England 243. seemes content with the successe of Portugall 251 Porto yeelded 236 Preparations at the Terceres 264 Preparations of the French for the Tercerâ—â— 269 Prince of Orange wounded by a Biscaine 269 Pretendants to the crowne of Portugall and their descent 60. cited to declare their reasons 80 Prosper Colonna Colonell of the Italians 134. he passeth the bridge defended by the Portugals 215 Q QVeene mother of France pretends to the crowne of Portugal 62. her reasons for it â—â— shee is discontented with Philip and the cause 67 Question whether the Catholic king should goe in person with his armie 152 Queene Anne died 238 R REason of the Portugals by way of discourse touching their future King 66 Reasons and grounds of king Philip to the realme of Portugal 67. examined by diuines 126 Regencie of the Gouernours 118 Religious men diuided into factions 200. they holde militarie charges 180. and keepe the keies of Lisbon pag. 208 Resolution of Gonsalues charge 119 S SAint Arem yeeldes obedience pag. 222 Sanches d' Auila Marshall generall of the Spanish camp 134. he is sent against Anthonie 227. he passeth the riuer of Doro at Auintes 232 his speech to his soldiers ibid. his stratageme to passe the riuer 234. hee dies 307 Sebastian king of Portugal his life 10. his first voyage into Africke 11. his enteruiew with Philip at Guadalupe 15. hee is perswaded to make war in Africke by Mahamet ibid. lands his armie at Arzille 30. hee fights valiantly and is vanquished 50. he is slaine by the Moores and carried to Molucs tent 51. his funerals at Madril 66. his obsequies with the Princes of Portugall 302 Settuuall taken 182 Summarie of an oration made at the assembly of Estates 77 Sosa Deputie of Lisbon his answere pag. 111 Spaniards discourse vpon the Cardinals legation 191 Spanish souldiers discontented with the sentence giuen against the French prisoners 295. they intreat for them ibid. Spaniards discourse vpon the enterprise of the Terceres 309 Stratagem with oxen diuised by a religious man 257 Stremos taken 175 Strozzi slaine 291 Suburbes of Lisbon spoiled 217 T TErceres 227. the description thereof 239 the resolution of the inhabitants 241. their confusion 272 Testament of King Henrie 123 Thomas Stukley an Englishman with 600. Italians serues King Sebastian pag. 27 Tower of Belem yeelded 210 Tower of Settuuall taken 184 Treatie of accord betwixt King Philip and Anthonie by the meanes of Carcamo a Castillian 204 V VAlour of the Italians and Spaniards 49 Valour of King Sebastian 50 Viana taken 237 Villauisosa surprised 173 Vniuersitie of Coimbra 250 W WOmen at Lisbon arme like souldiers 178 FINIS The description of Lisbone The Portugals conquests * Of good hope * Of good hope The life of king Sebastian Sebastians first voyage into Affrick Sebastians enteruiew with Phillip at Guadalupa Preparation for the war of Affrick Preparation for the second voyage of Affricke The second voyage of Sebastian with his armie into Affricke The arriuing of the Portugall armie in Affrick and their proceedings A light skirmish of the Moores against the Portugals The meanes of Moluc to defeat the Portugals The counsell and resolution of the Portugals to enter into the maine land of Affricke The Counts of Vimioso seconded the des gnes of the King of Portugall The aduise of Lewis de Silua concerning this voyage The counsell of Mulei Mahamet to the King of Portugall The Armie of the Portugals and their quality The arriuall of Aldana in the Portugall campe Letters and a Present from the Duke of Alua to the King of Portugall Molucs speech to his brother The qualitie of Molucs armie The conceit of the Portugall to fight The order of the Portugals armie The disposition of Molucs Armie Molucs Oration to his Armie The beginning of the battell The Portugals haue the aduantage of the Moores Molucs feare Molucs death The Arabians spoile their friends Frauncis de Tauora slain in the battaile The death of the Duke of Auero and of Aldana and the imprisonment of the Prior. The King of Portugall fights valiantly but is vanquished The King slaine by the Moores and carried to Molucs tent Mulei Mahamet drowned Hamet proclaimed king of the Moores A battaile famous by the death of three Kings The names of the chiefe slaine in the battaile The couetousnes of Hamet The Portugals armie at sea returnes to Lisbone A message sent to the Cardinall Henrie by the Catholique king An embasage from Hamet to the Catholique king The Portugals sorrow Cardinall Henrie swerne King of Portugal The ceremonie of the Portugals in bewailing their King dead The ceremonie of the Portugals in swearing their King The descent of the pretendants to the Crowne of Portugall * Of fower Crownes The pretendents to the Crowne of Portugall The King of Spaine The Duke of Bragance The Prince of Parma Anthonie Prior of Crato The Duke of Sauoy The people of Portugall The Queene mother of Fraunce The Pope pretends the election The deliberations of King Henry at his comming to the Crowne Peter d' Alcasoua in disgrace with King Henry Sebastians obsequies at Madrill The discord that fell out for that one said Philip did preceade Henrie The demands of the people of Portugall Councell vpon the Embassage the King sent to Henry The Duke of Ossuna sent to Henrie The imprisonment of the Duke of Alua and the cause Philips letters to the citie of Lisbone The deliuerance and returne of Iohn de Silna Embassador for Philip in Portugall The Duke of Ossuna arriues in Portugall and his proceedings King Henry inclined to the pretence of the Duches of Bragance The States of Portugall at Lisbone A summarie of the Oration made at the assemblie of the estates An Embassador chosen to goe to Rome to obtaine dispensation for Henrie to marrie The nomination of 5. gouernors of the iudges of the succession The oath to obey the elected Gouernours
The discontentments of the people of Lisbone Henrie desired to marrie The Catholique King sends a lacobin into Portugall The predendents to the Crowne of Portugall cited to declare their reasons Philip frames a counsell of the affaires of Portugal Iohn de Silua solicites to be sent backe into Portugall Christopher de Mora called againe and sent Ambassadour into Portugall in steede of Iohn de Silua The grounds of the Prior. Of the Duke of Sauoy Of the Duke of Parma Of the Dutchesse of Braganca Of the Catholike King The ground of the people The Queen Mother of Fraunce The peoples complaint against King Henrie The letters of the Prior to Henrie The sentence of King Henry against the Prior touching his legitimation The reasons of the Catholique king against the pretendents Against the Prior. Against the Duke of Sauoy Against the Duke of Parma Against the Dutchesse of Bragance Against the people Against the Queene mother of Fraunce Philip sendeth to signifie his right to Henry Philip prepares for warre against the Portugals The suspension of Henries briefe The Priors letters to Henry con cerning his rigor Henries second sentence against the Prior. Henrie changeth his opinion to the benefit of Philip touching the succession The offers of Pope Gregory 13 to the Catholike King A publication of the gouernors of Portugall The discourse of the Portugals vpon the state of the Realme The Castillians discourse touching the affaires of Portugall The Portugals answere to the Castillians discourse The plague in Portugall and the proceedings Bezar stone excellent against the plague The States of Almerin Henry changeth the Deputies of Lisbone and the cause The opening of the Estates at Almerin by the Bishop of Leiria The answere of Sosa Deputie of Lisbne A mutinie at Coimbra The speech of Moniz Deputie of Lisbone The Deputies of the Realme sent to Henrie to be admitted to the election of the King with the answere King Henry sicke The death of King Henry The life of Henry The regencie of the gouernors Martin Gonsalues sent to the deputies of the Realme The deputies aunswere to Martin The resolution of Gonzalues ambassage Anthonies course to obtaine the Crowne Anthony his letters to the states of Almerin The States answere to Anthony and his arriuall The clause of King Henries testament The speach of the Deputie of Portalegre The states send to the Gouernors The duke of Barcellos detained by the Duke of Medina Sidonia The diligence of the catholique King to assure his conscience for the Realm of Portugall The Catholique Kings preparatiues against Portugall The duke of Alua chosen generall of the army into Portugall The Catholique Kings Letters to the Duke of Alua. The Catholique King goes towards Portugall The Duke of Alua ariues at his Army The nombers of the Dukes Army The comming of the Ambassadors from the gouernors to the Catholique King and their negotiation The conclusion of the States at Almeryn The Gouernors prepare for defence The manner of the enterprise of Portugall The state of the Duke of Alua his armie The conditions that the Catholique King offred if they would deliuer the realme quietly The Gouernors sollicite their defence The Drie head fortified A confusion of the affaires of Portugall and the Gouernours The disorder of the religious of Belem Doctor Fernand de Pina slaine The answer of the Catholique king to the Portugals The gouernours inconstancie The diligence of the Catholique King vpon his entrie by force into Portugall made by the Diuines of Alcala The Catholique King takes possession of Portugall A question whether the Catholique King should go with the armie in person The Kings army wasted Confusion in Portugall The taking of Eluas The Kings letters to them of Eluas The reduction of Oliuenza The Catholique king his letter vnto Anthonie Anthonie proclaimed King of Portugall Two contrarie factions in Oliuenza The Catholique king sworne at Oliuenza The gouernors neglect the defence of Lisbone Anthonie arriues at Lisbone and proclaimed King The speech of Fonsequa for the creation of Anthonie The flight of Teglio The flight of the gouernors Anthonie arriued at Settuual Cascayes S. Iulian yeelde to Anthonie The Duke of Bragance sendes to Philip. The Catholique kings answere to the Duke of Bragance The taking of Villauisosa Reasons why the King should not goe in person The Kings army entred into Portugall The taking of Stremos Euora yeelded The taking of Mount Maior Anthony his entrie into Lisbone The decree of the Gouernors Anthonies preparation for the defence of the kingdome Disorders at Lisbone The taking of Settuual The arriuall of the Marques of Saint Crux with the armie by sea The yeelding of the fortresse Three poore women crying to Anthony to succour Settuual Anthonies care to succour Settuual The counsell of Anthonie and his resolutions Anthonies feare The resolutions of Anthony and of his counsell The Bishop of Guarda seconds Anthony The counsell of Anthony ill grounded An allarum at Lisbone Anthony offers to compound Cardinall Riario sent Legatinto Spaine The discourse of the Spaniards vpon this Legation The Legat visites the King The sundrie opinions for the passage of the army The armie passeth at Cascaies The disimbarking of the Dukes armie The disposition of the Dukes armie They charge the Portugals who retire The blames of Meneses and his excuses A confusion in the citie of Lisbone Anthony goes towards Cascaies Cascaies taken and spoiled The castell taken Diego de Meneses beheaded Henry Pereira hanged Anthonie marcheth towards Belem with his men consusedly Religious men deuided into factions Anthonic retires to Alcantara The Catholique kings pardon to the Portugals The Duke marcheth against the rocke of Saint Iulian. A treatie of agreement with Anthony Anthony his letter to the King The answere of the Duke to Anthony The rocke of Saint Iulian battered and the aduise of the Inginers A poore woman cause of the yeelding of Saint Iulian The rocke of Saint Iulian yeelded Cabessa Secca abandoned The feare of them at Lisbone The yeelding of the tower of Belem The Duke of Alua his speech to the soldiers The order of the Dukes armie Anthony his preparation against the Duke The flight of Anthony towards the citie his defeate and hurt The yeelding of Lisbone The spoile of the suburbs of Lisbone The number that were slaine in the battaile The Duke blamed The commendations of the Duke of Alua. The Catholique kings sicknes and the discourse vpon it Lisbone sweares obedience to the king A contagious Catar Saint Arem yeelds obedience The Prior assembles new forces Auero taken The Duke blamed The Dukes excuses The yeelding of the places in Affricke which the Portugals held The Terceraes Sanches de Auila against the Prior. The yeelding of Coimbra The estate of Porto and the reduction The Portugals and Castillians disagree The yeelding of Auero and other exploites of Sanches d'Auila The statagem of Anthony Serrano to recouer aboate Sanches D' Auila passeth the riuer of Doro at Auintes The speech of Auila
as eldest sonne to the Duke of Bragance and of Katherine chiefe pretendent to the Realme vntill the cause of the succession were decided so as the sports before shewed vnto the saide Duke in courtesie were now redoubled for this other intent detayning him expresly vntill he might receiue answere from the King so as shewing him first one place and then another this yoong Prince was taken vnawares But the Duke of Medina hauing staied certaine carriages vnder colour to shew him some feastes he then conceiued the cause of his detaining and wrote foorthwith vnto his father in Portugall that he should not then expect him and that his detention should not any way preiudice the rights of the Realme preferring iustice before his owne life This letter being come into Portugall was by the Duke his father sent vnto the assembly of the States shewing on the one side a griefe for the detayning of his sonne and on the other side a contentment that in so yong an age he was so great a louer of his countries good offering if need were to sacrifice him for the seruice of the Realme Yet this feare of the Dukes continued not long for hauing written to his son that he should labour to come away or they should make declaration of his staie he was suffered freelie to depart for so the King had commaunded Some say that Philip had long before this consideration hauing meanes to stay him not onely in Spaine but also in Affrique but fearing to incense the Portugals and desirous to make the Duke his friend he had procured his release in Affrick and suffered him safely to depart from Andoluzia into Portugall yet the said Duke of Barcellos or his father by whose commaundement he was directed was noted of some ingratitude for being inuited by Philip to passe by his court as desirous to see him the iealousie of the State of these Realmes preuayled so much that he did not satisfie his desire but tooke his direct way to Villauizosa fearing perhaps a new detention These things passed in Portugall when as in Castill the Catholique King beeing aduertised by his Agents of the death of King Henrie of the small affection the Portugals bare vnto him of the liuely pretention of Authonie and other pretendents and to what estate the matter was brought was greatly discontented seeming he should be forced to take armes for the obtaining of the conclusion of his interest But desirous to satisfie his conscience in the effecting thereof he had formerly the aduise of Diego de Chiaues of the order of preaching Fryers being his confessor and of some other principall Diuines of that order and yet not well satisfied with their opinions least he should seeme onely to follow the aduise of the dominical Fryers he desired likewise to treat with other orders of religious persons and to that intent he sent one to acquaint the chiefe Deuines in Spaine with the cause and to demaund their aduise This care perfourmed not only with the chiefe prelates and readers in Diuinitie but with the Iesuits and the Fryers of Saint Francis all agreede that the Kings right being so apparant he was not bound to represent it otherwise then out of iudgement to King Henrie as he had done and to make his councell and the rest of the Realme of Portugall capable thereof such as with sinceritie of hart would vnderstand the truth and by the mildest meanes procure as he had done that Henry should declare him successor if these diligent proceedings were not sufficient to perswade the King and the Realme that then Philip had sufficiently iustified his cause and that he might assure himselfe by armes without thrusting the succession which was due vnto him into euident perill his person being as it is saide soueraigne exempt and free from all reprehension and onely bound to iustifie his right before God and to signifie it to the King and the Realme saying that this point was now without all doubt since the death of Henrie no man liuing that could pretend any interest in the decision of the cause It appertained not to the Pope being a matter wholy temporall nor agreeing with the circumstances which may giue him any right ouer temporall matters and lesse to the Emperour beeing no way acknowledged by the Realmes of Castill and Portugall and much lesse to certaine Iudges named by Henrie for besides that he could not choose any after his death they were now become the materiall partie and the thing it selfe whereon they pleaded Besides that all the Realme was become insufficient when as making themselues a partie they pretended power to choose a Prince although all this ceased yet would they prooue that no Portugall but was suspect in this cause to be excepted against for the manifest hatred they bare to the Castillian nation They found likewise that he was not bound to submit himselfe to any compremise for besides the difficultie and impossibilitie to finde a trustie person in so dangerous and iealous a cause as this is the bond of compremise is not incident but in a matter of doubt and the definition of doubt is when as the aduocate and Doctors conclude not for any partie finding equiualent reasons for either but in this all being of one agreement the cause is not doubtfull nor to be compremitted The King being resolued to take armes hauing no possession deliuered vnto him prouided for it for this cause he writ to the gouernors to the three estates and to the fiue principall cities to all of one subiect but in diuerse formes after he had lamented the death of his vncle he required them to receaue and sweare him King as King Henry had resolued and declared him to be he thanked the nobility and clergie for their good affection showne when as Henrie had said that the succession appertained vnto him he made offer to all and threatned cunningly he sent to the gouernors a copie of the priuiledges which King Henry had required in the behalfe of the Realme offering to graunt them more amplie then they had bene demaunded protesting if they would not obey to vse force But all these things were receiued and reiected according to the humors of men The gouernors made aunswere they could not resolue vntill the returne of their Ambassadours which they had sent vnto them At this time there was readie at sea as well in Spaine as in Italie about threescore gallies whereof Aluaro de Bassan Marques of Saint Croix was generall the which should saile towards Portugall as the occasion of the time should serue there was yet no generall named for this enterprise and euerie man greedilie expected who should be chosen for that few were thought fit for so great a burthen The Duke of Alua was generallie held most sufficient yet few beleeued that the King would willingly free him from prison the Marques of Mondegiar who was returned from the gouernment of Naples affected this charge many beleeued