Walter Plunkett of Rathfeale Kt. in the County of Dublin in Ireland Tho. Plume D. D. Arch-Deacon of Roch. Charles Porter Esq Sr. Roger Potts Bar. Will. Powel Esq of Sulham Barkshire Henry Powel Esq William Price Esq Hum. Prideaux Student of Ch. Ch. Coll. Oxon Richard Prince Esq of Abcott Shropshire Robert Pringell Esq of Stichell Aaron Atkins Merchant of Amsterdam John Pulleyn Minister of the English Church at Hamburgh Sr. Will. Pulteney of St. Martins in the Fields London Sr. Robt. Pye of Farindon Barksh CHARLES Duke of Richmond and Lynox JOHN Duke of Rothes Ld. High Chancellor of Scotland JOHN Earl of Rochester JOHN Ld. Bp. of Rochester GEORGE Ld. Rosse of Scotland Sr. Will. Rant of Norfolk Sr. Jonathan Raymond Sheriff of Lond. Ambrose Rea Minister in Essex Sr. Charles-Crofts Read of Bradwell in Suffolk Nich. Reppes D. D. John Rhodes Register to the Bp. of Roch. Peter Rich Esq of Lambeth Godf. Richards Citizen of Lond. John Richards Esq John Richardson Esq Edward Rigby Citizen of London Sr. Thomas Roberts Bar. of Glassonbury John Robison Esq Agent for his Majestie to the King of Sweden Thomas Robinson Esq Sr. Richard Rooth James Rothwell Esq John Rowland Johnson of Amsterdam Henry Rumball Esq Benjamin Rudyard Esq Barkshire Sr. William Russel of Langhorn in the County of Carmarthen Barronett Michael Rutter Esq of Barton on the Hill Gloucestershire CHARLES Duke of Somerset CHARLES Duke of Southampton JAMES Earl of Sailsbury ROBERT Earl of Sunderland Principal Secretarie of State EDWARD Earl of Sandwich ANTHONY Earl of Shaftsbury KENNETH Earl of Seafort ELIZABETH Shannon Vice-Countess of Shannon SETH Ld. Bp. of Salisbury OTHO Baron Swerin Envoy Extraordinary from his Electoral Highness of Brandenburg to his Majesty of Great Britain EZEK Spanheim Envoy Extraordinary from the P. Elector of Brandenburg to the King of France PAOLO Sarotti Resident from the Republick of Venice at the Court of Great Britain ALEXANDER Stanhope Esq Sr. ROBERT Southwell Envoy Extraordinary from his Majesty of great Britain to the P. Elect. of Brandenburg Sam. Sainthill Esq of Devonshire Samuel Sandors Esq of Darbyshire Dr. Robert Say Provost of Oriel Coll Oxon John Saumures D. D. Dean of Garnsey Sr. Edward Seymour Bar. of Bury-Pomeroy in Devonshire and High Sheriff of the said County Dean and Chapter of Salisbury Charles Sankey D. D. Charles Shaw of Trinity Coll. Cambridge John Slade Rector Burg-clere Hampshire Edward Smith Citizen of London Sr. Carr Scroop of Lond. Baronett Dr. Scott L. L. D. of Camberwell Can. of Wind. Sr. John Sherard of Lopthorp Bar. Lincolnsh Tho. Sheridan Esq of the County of Cavan Ireland Henry St. Johns Esq Stephen Swart Bookseller of Amsterdam Francis St. John's Esq of Thorp Nor-thamptonshire Sr. Charles Scarburgh Cheif Physitian to his Royal Highness Sr. Francis Scott of Thirleston Robert Scott B. D. Sen. Fellow of Trin. Coll. Cambridge Henry Seymour Esq Charles Shaw of Trinity Coll. Cambridge Daniel Sheldon Merchant of London Sr. Joseph Sheldon Alderman of London Ed. Sherburn Esq Clark of his Majesties Ordnance and Armory within the Kingdom of England Will. Shipman Merchant of London Ed. Shires Esq of Hadam Hartfordsh Thomas Short M. D. Will. Shortgrave Fellow of Wadham Coll. Oxon William Sill Archdeacon of Colchester George Sittwell Esq John Skelton Arch-Deacon of Bedford George Smith M. D. of Thistleworth Middlesex Barthol Soame Citizen of London James Sotheby Esq of Grays Inn Lon. Fredrick Spanheim D. D. Professor of Divinity at Leyden John Speke Esq of Somersetshire VVilliam Spencer Esq Henry Stafford Esq VVill. Stanly Fellow of Corpus Christi Coll. Cambridge James Stevens Esq of Stowell Edward Stillingfleet D. D. Dean of St. Pauls London HORATIO Ld. Townsend Baron of Lyn Regis or Kings Linn Sr. Gil. Talbot Mr. of the Jewel-House Sr. Robert Talbor John Taylor M. D. of his Majesties Commissioners of the Wine Licence of Office Nathaniel Tench Esq London Thomas Tenison D. D. Tho. Tipping of Wheatfield Esq in Oxfordsh Sr. John Thompson Bar. of Bucks John Thornton Esq of Brock-Hall Northamptonshire George Thorp D. D. John Tillison Controllour of my Ld. of Canterburys Houshold Hugh Todd Fel. of University Coll. Ox. Sam. Tomson Esq Richard Topham Esq Sr. Jonathan Trelawny Bar. of Trelawny Cornwall VVill. Trevill Esq of Cornwall Charles Trumbull L. L. D. VVill. Trumbull L. L. D. of Doctors Commons London Ralph Trumbull of VVhitney Oxfordshire Francis Turner D. D. Thomas Turner B. D. Fellow of Corp. Christ Coll. Oxon. VVill. Turner B. D. Dr. VVill. Turner of Aberdene Cornelius Vermuyden Esq of Derbyshire Edmond Vintener M. D. Fellow of Kings Coll. Cambridge Sr. Tho. Vernon Bar. of Hodnett Shropsh Henry Ulenbrock Jun. Merdhant in Amsterd Isaac Vossius D. D. Canon of VVindsor Stephen Upman Fellow of Eaton Coll. Robert Uvedale of Enfeild Middlesex HENRY Ld. Marq of VVorcester CHARLES Ferdinand Earl of VValstein Envoy Extraordinary from the Emperor to his Majesty of Great Britain GEORGE Ld. Bp. of VVinchester EDWARD Ld. VVard of Dudley Castle Staffordshire SIDNEY Wortley alias Montague Esq VVill. VVake Student of Ch. Ch. Oxon. Edward VVake of London Obad. VValker Mr. of University Coll. Oxon Sr. Will. Waller John VVallis D. D. Geometry Professor Oxon Hen. VVallop Esq of Farly-Clop Hamsh Sr. VVilliam VValter of Saresden Oxfordsh James VVard Esq Sr. Patience VVard Alderman of Lond. John VVarner Arch Deacon of Rochest Thomas VVatkins Esq Thomas VVatson Mr. of the Charter-House School London VVill. VVatson D. D. Dean of Battell Robert Waith Esq of Camberwell Surry Edmond Waring Esq of Oldbury Shropshire Sr. Phillip Warwick John Johnsonius a Wasberg Booksellor of Amsterdam and Son in Law to Johnsonius that set forth the former Atlas Sr. Christopher Wandesford Bar. of Kirklington Yorkshire William Walsh of Abberly Park Esq Worcestershire Thomas Watson D. D. Fellow of St Johns Coll. Cambridge Thomas Weaver of Morvil Shropshire John VVedderburn Esq of Golford Dean and Chapter of Wells John VVelthdale Esq Paul VVentworth Esq of Lillingston Buckinghamshire Herbert VVestfaling Esq Sr. George VVharton Bar. of Kirkby Kendall VVestmorland Treasurer to the Office of his Majestics Ordinance Philip VVharton Esq Sr. John VVhatton of Leeicestershire Coll. Roger VVhitley Thomas VVhitley Esq Ralph VVilbraham Esq Sr. Joseph VVilliamson President of the Royal Society Thomas VVillis Esq Student of Ch. Ch. Oxon Edward VVilson Esq of Dallam Tower Westmorland Sr. Hump. VVinch Bar. of Hannes in Bedfordshire William Winde Esq Paul Wicks of London Esq Sr. Will. Whitmore Bar. of Apley Shropsh Sr. Paul Whichcot Kt. and Bar. of Hendon Middlesex Sr. Francis VVithens of VVestm Sir John VVittewronge Kt. Bar. of Stantonbury in Buckinghamshire Francis VVolferston Esq of Statfold in Staffordshire John VVolryche Esq of Dudmaston John VVostenholme Esq of Enfield in Mid. Rich. VVroe B. D. of VVigan Lancash Sr. Christopher VVren Surveior General to his Majesty Sr. Henry VVright Bar. of Dogenham Essex Lawr. Womock D. D. Arch-Deacon of Suffolk Sr. Cyril VVyche of Hockwold and Wilton Shropshire John Wynne Esq Owen Wynne
trade 5. 〈◊〉 North or North-east of Sudermannia lies the Province of Vpland so call'd from its situation in the Country or as some say from King Vbbon who reigned here It is bounded on the East side by the Baltick Sea on the South by the Lake Meller on the West and North by the Rivers Sawe and Dalecarle This Country affords great plenty of Corn with which it supplies the neighbouring Provinces Some few Mines it has of Lead and Iron especially some also of Silver tho not digg'd It is divided into three Lands or as the Swedes call them Folk-lands 1. Tihundria which lies most Northerly of any and takes its name from ten Prefectures or Hundreds into which it is shar'd out 2. Athundria lying betwixt Vpsal and Stockholm so call'd because it contains eight Prefectures 3. Fiedrundria which takes its name from four Prefectures into which it is divided in it is the City Enkoping four leagues from Vpsal and seven from Stockholm And here it may be observed as peculiar to this Province that it as the Counties in England is shared out into several Prefectures or Hundreds as Erling-hundrat c. Each of them containing at first one hundred families all two thousand two hundred which is not observed in other Provinces but their divisions are called Harodh Har signifying an Army and Odh a possession all which at first were supplyed with Inhabitants from this Province of Vpland for when families increased above their hundreds some after the manner of an army were singled out and listed to go and people or rather subdue other parts of the Country wherefore these men setling in other Provinces called the place where they first sate down The possession of such a Colony or Army as Daga-Harodh Lystugn-Harodh c. In this Province are five Cityes 1. Encoping where was formerly a Monastery of Minorites 2. Sigtunia so called from Siggo King of Sweden who founded it Here was anciently a Monastery of Dominicans the burying place of some of their Archbishops 3. Oregrundia or Oregrund a rich populous City abounding with corn several sorts of Merchandise because of the commodiousness of the Port. 4. Vpsal the most Antient and most famous Vpsal City in the whole Kingdom It takes its name says Johannes Magnus from Vbbon King of Sweden who founded it about the year after the Flood 240 but as others from its situation upon the River Sala Here was formerly the chief seat of the Swedish Kings for which reason as well as for the dignity of the City one of their Titles was Vpsala-Konung i.e. King of Vpsal Here were also the supream Courts of Judicature Civil and Ecclesiastical and the seat of their only Archbishop continued to it to this day Fortified it is by one onely Castle built after the modern not antient Gothick fashion upon a high hill some small distance from the City overlooking and commanding the whole Town begun by Ericus continued by King John and perfected by Charles Gustavus the first in this City is the Metropolitan Church of the whole Kingdom covered upon the roof as are most of the chief buildings with Copper adorned with an Artificial Clock and honoured with the Monuments of several of their Kings Ericus the Saint is said to lye buried here in a golden Coffin Gustavus Adolphus also has his Tomb in this Church upon which the whole History of his life is inscribed in large golden Characters Here is also the only University they have in the whole Kingdom begun at first say some Ann. 1248 under Ericus Balbus XI by a College of only four Professors or as Loccenius will have it about the year 1306 under one Andreas President of the said College who kept a free Table for Choristers and poor Scholars to assist in the Quire but now by the care of some of their later Kings advanc't into a famous University An. 1476 in the Reign of Steno Sture Senior Pope Sixtus IV. gave it the same priviledges with Bononia An. 1595 Charles then King endowed it with several Immunities and Revenues by his Royal Patent which says Messenius was in the year 1608 upon some differences 'twixt the Calvinists and Lutherans fraudulently got from it which if so yet probably that Prince who favoured the Reformers so much did restore it to the University of this See Loccenius Hist Suec Lib. 8. Pag. 474. An. 1624 in the time of Gustavus Adolphus it was most considerably augmented that King settling upon the University 306 Mannors 8 Granaries of Tythes 4 Mills and 30 Demesnes out of his own Crown Revenues free from all Taxes and Impositions towards the maintenance of more Professors and poor Scholars commanding that the chief Rector should be elected by the Professors that one of these should read a publick Lecture throughout the whole year continued at present only in the Winter-time that the Scholars should live peaceably soberly and minding their own affairs not meddle with state matters that none of them should as they had formerly done wear swords or carry arms This University in the time of King John III 1592 was removed hence to Stockholm but that place being found for several reasons inconvenient it was in a short time remanded to Vpsal A Library they have well stored with books a considerable part of which was given by Gustavus Adolphus An. 1631 which he in his expeditions against Germany took out of the Library of Wurtzburg and other places To this City there anciently did belong several Lands and Revenues by the title of Vpsala Oedom or the Patrimony of Vpsal given by Freius surnamed Pacificus one of their ancient Kings out of his own hereditary Lands as a publick stock which Patrimony being embezel'd by those men that had the managery of it and for many years no account given An. 1282 in the Reign of Magnus I. surnamed Ladulaus it was order'd in Council That these publick Lands should be sought after and reunited to the Crown or some other way found to maintain the Grandeur of the Court The Lands by reason of long alienation could not be regain'd wherefore it was enacted that in lieu of them all the Revenues of fishing in the Finnick and Bothnick Bays the Lake Meller and all other Lakes and Rivers within the Kings Dominions as also of all Mines of what Metal soever should over and above the Land-taxes wholly and entirely belong to the Crown This City was anciently the chief Place of their Heathenish Their ancient manner of Worship as it is at present of their Christian worship wherefore it may not be amiss here to treat as well of their ancient superstitions as of their present true Religion The Heathenish Deities to which they pay'd their devotion were Thor Oden and Freia who are said to have come out of Asia into this Country and were though under divers names worshiped by most of the Scandians Thor so call'd from the Assyrian word Thur or Thurra i.e. powerful had a Temple
advised by the Popes Legat and some Jesuits that an Oath taken by him with Heretics was not obligatory or if he scrupled that that a Dispensation for the breach of it was easily attainable from the Pope at last solemnly took it and promising the States faithfully to observe all the conditions of it he left Sweden and return'd into Poland During his absence all affairs of the Kingdom were managed by Duke Charles his Uncle who for some small time executed the Office of Vice-Roy very quietly and to the great satisfaction of the Kings subjects but some differences arising about Religion the Papists Jesuits especially to whom free exercise of their Worship had been granted growing powerful and thereupon behaving themselves insolently towards the Lutherans the businesses of State became troubled and the determination of controversies and removal of jealousies out of the peoples hearts a very difficult matter Hereupon Sigismund is sent for out of Poland but both delaying to come into Sweden and to send Orders to his Uncle An. Ch. that Popish Delinquents as they were represented to him should according to Law be proceeded against as enemies to the State and that other such-like grievances should be redress'd he so lost his interest with his Swedish Subjects that when at last he came amongst them they opposed him as a public enemy made war against him and overcame him in Battel After he was defeated he return'd to Poland and his Crown of Sweden was by the States set upon the head of his Uncle 135. Charles IX Duke of Sudermannia and brother to John III. He maintain'd the Augustan Confession during his whole Reign carryed on a bloody war against his Nephew Sigismund and Christianus IV. King of Denmark whom he challeng'd to a Duel and after he had reigned eleven years dyed at Nycopia in his return from opposing the Danes The Government after his death according to the right of Inheritance descended upon his eldest son 136. Gustavus Adolphus II. surnamed the Great This King in the beginning of his Reign prosecuted the war with Denmark which his father was engaged in at his death but intending to turn the whole forces of his Kingdom against his Cousin Sigismund K. of Poland he within a short time concluded a peace both with the Dane and Muscovite this done he invaded Livonia took several places of great importance in that and other Provinces which belong'd to the Pole and at last making a Truce with his Cousin for six years he return'd into Sweden During the war with Poland Ferdinand II. Emperor of Germany had done him as he alledged very many injuries as his sending assistance to the Pole into Borussia under the command of Arnhemius his not admitting the Swedish Delegates to a Treaty of Peace at Lubeck but charging them to depart the Empire c. whereupon he invaded the Imperial dominions took several strong Cities and after he had over-run a great part of the Empire was kill'd in battel near Leipsick He was succeeded by 137. Christina his only daughter who being then but seven years old the affairs of the Kingdom were order'd by her Guardians till she came to the eighteenth year of her age at which time she took the Government upon her self made a Peace with the Emperor and the King of Denmark and at last either weary of ruling so potent a Kingdom or thinking the care of it too great a burthen for her to undergo voluntarily laid down the Crown and commended it to 138. Charles Gustavus X. A Noble and Victorious Prince He maintain'd war against the Pole the Muscovite and the Dane As he was returning from Gottenburg upon the confines of Denmark to Stockholm he dyed of a Feaver and his Kingdom according to right of succession descended upon 139. Charles XI his son then four years of age During his Minority the Kingdom was govern'd by his Guardians but coming to full age he took upon himself the management of all publick affairs and is now reigning A. D. 1680. Aged twenty-four years A warlike and virtuous Prince Of the Great PRINCIPALITY OF FINLAND BEyond the Bothnic Bay lies the Great Principality of Finland Finland call'd by the Natives Somi or Soma from the great number of Lakes that are in it Soma signifying a Lake but by the Swedes first and after them by all strangers call'd Finland q. Fine-land from the pleasantness of the Country or as others say q. Fiende-land i.e. the Land of Fiends or Enemies the Finlanders using for a long time before they were under the Swedish power to make frequent incursions into that Kingdom and very much injure and molest its inhabitants It is bounded on the East with the Sinus Finnicus and the Lake Ladoga on the West with the Bothnic Bay on the North with part of Lapland and on the South with part of the Finnic and Baltic Seas It is divided into these seven Provinces Its Provinces 1. Southern-Finland 2. Northern-Finland 3. Cajania 4. Savolaxia 5. Tavastia 6. Nylandia And 7. Carelia 1. Southern Finland Southern Finland parted from the Northern by the River Aujaroki which waters the Episcopal City Abo. It extends it self all along the Finnic Bay Eastward having on the North and North-East the Provinces of Tavastia and Nylandia In it are besides several little Towns two remarkable Forts viz. Gusto in the Western and Raseberg to which belongs a Dynasty or Principality in the Eastern part of it 2. Northern Finland Northern Finland running along the East-side of the Bothnic Bay towards the North. It is indifferently large in circumference taking in both the Satagunda's with Viemo and Masco Water'd it is by one only River call'd Cumo-elff famous for its abundance of Salmon and other sorts of Fish which falls into the Sea near the City Biorneborgh Towns of note here are Raumo Nystadh and Nadhendal to these Sanson adds Castelholm in the Island Alandia 3. Cajania Cajania or Ost-Bothnia as some call it in opposition to West-Bothnia which lyes over against it on the West side of the Bothnic Bay In it are many large Rivers the chief of which are Kimi-elff which emptieth it self into the Bothnic Bay at the most Northern Cape of it and parts this Province from West-Bothnia Iio-elff and Vla-elff Cities here are 1. Vlam or Vlo 2. Vasa or Wassam Cal to which may be added the Forts Cajaneburg and Vlaburg 4. Savolaxia Savolaxia which is bounded on the East with the Lake Ladoga on the West with a a ridge of Mountains which part it from Carelia on the North with part of Muscovitic Lapland and on the South with Tavastia and Carelia This Province abounds much with Lakes and Rivers most of which disburthen themselves into the Lake Ladoga The Rivers afford Fish Pike especially in great abundance and the Lakes besides the great quantity of Fish they breed supply the inhabitants with Sea-Calfs not met with in any other Scandian Lakes Here is one remarkable Fort
have this City look'd upon as a place of the greatest antiquity of any in Saxony esteeming it the same with Ptolomy's 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Tho I think the Longitude and Latitude which Ptolomy assigns to that old Town being 29 deg of Long. and 51 deg 20 min. of Lat. will scarce come near this City This large and ancient City was formerly subject to Earls and Marquises of its own and thence we find the inhabitants in and about the City named by the Latin Historians Stadenses Stadingi or Stedingii as a people distinct of themselves and independant upon any of the neighbouring Princes Of these Earls and Marc-Graves the Reader may meet with a Catalogue in Crantzius or Angelius a Werdenhagen In the year 1234 the Stadenses were the occasion of a bloody and terrible war in the Archbishopric of Bremen which happening in the very infancy of Christianity in these parts had like to have stifled Religion in its Cradle This bloodshed was occasion'd by a revolt of the Citizens of Stade from their obedience to the See of Bremen Whereupon the Clergy of that City being resolv'd to keep by a strong arm what their enemies had endeavour'd to wrest from them took up arms and engaged several of their neighbours in the broil But this expedient did not meet with the expected success having after a long quarrel only weaken'd both parties and in no wise vindicated the Archbishop's Title At last a volley of curses and excommunications from the Bishop of Rome frighted the Citizens of Stade into submission and obliged them to yield obedience as formerly to the Archbishop's of Bremen Hereupon Philip Duke of Schwaben and Earl of Stade annex'd the whole County to the Archbishopric reserving only to himself the City with its ancient priviledges and immunities In which state it continued till in the Civil wars of Germany it fell into the hands of the Swedes and was confirm'd to that Crown as a part of the Dukedom of Bremen by the Treaty of Munster And possibly we may have some reason to call this the Metropolis of the whole Country which is now subject to the King of Sweden as Duke of Bremen since the City of Bremen it self was exemted from the Homage payable to that Monarch from the Archbishopric by vertue of that Treaty and is to this day a free Imperial City immediately subject to the Emperor and to him only Notwithstanding the vast Rampires and Bulwarks wherewith this City is fortified and the natural strength of the place it was besieg'd and taken in one day April 13 1645 by the Swedish General Count Coningsmark who having at the first assault taken the Fortress on the mouth of the Zwinge betwixt the City and the Elb press'd forward with his whole Army to the Gates of Stade and forc'd his way into the City Whereupon the Burgers were glad to surrender up the Castle and other strong Forts upon any conditions the Conqueror was pleas'd to propose The Town is at present in a flourishing condition being seated in a wholesom Air and a pleasant rich Country The Burgers who have the character of the most civil and courteous people in this part of the Empire have commonly Orchards and Gardens of pleasure without the walls of the City well stockt with all manner of Fruits and Flowers Their Haven is large and commodious and Ships of larger carriage and burthen come up to Stade then are able to reach Hamburg The Market-place Rahthauss or Town-Hall Exchange and several of their Churches are Buildings worthy a Traveller's sight Many and great have been the priviledges by several Emperors granted to this City It was always reckon'd a Sanctuary for fugitives insomuch that all manner of malefactors whether Germans or Foreigners that could reach Stade before vengeance overtook them were sure to find shelter here and be secure from the hand of justice Besides the priviledg of coining money authority to hunt in the neighbouring Forests and the like prerogatives challeng'd by all Imperial Cities they have power to demand a certain Toll or Custom of every Merchant-man that passes up the Elb to Hamburg every such Vessel being oblig'd to strike anchor at the mouth of the Zwinge and there to tarry till dismiss'd by the Masters of the Custom-House These pretensions occasion'd not many years ago a quarrel between the Citizens of Stade and the Hamburgers the later pretending that 't was an infringement of their prerogative who were absolute Masters of the Elb below their own City for Stade to lay claim to any such priviledg But the controversie soon after was amicably compos'd and each City has since peaceably enjoy'd its own peculiar Regality This ancient Hans-Town being one of the first that was enroll'd into that noble society was once reduc'd to a mean and beggarly condition by the overgrown trade and riches of the Hamburgers insomuch that it was forc'd to sell almost for bread the public stock not amounting to ninety pounds sterling a year to these upstart thriving Merchants its ancient priviledges and put it self under the protection of the Archbishops of Bremen But in this low condition it did not long continue before the English Merchants upon some affront the Hamburgers had offer'd them remov'd their commerce to Stade By which means this City in a short time recover'd its former grandeur and grew on a sudden rich and populous VI. BREMER-VERDEN A wall'd Town Bremer-Verden on the road betwixt Bremen and Stade distant from the later about twelve English miles and from the former near twenty-eight It was first built by Luder Duke of Saxony and afterwards made a Palace for the Archbishops of Bremen who had here their usual residence In the Castle which commands a great part of the adjacent plain the Swedes have commonly a strong Garrison The Town would otherwise be of little note not having the convenience of any trade except what is brought by the resort of passengers that travel this way to Bremen or Stade THE DUKEDOM OF LUNENBURG THE Dukedom of Luneburg Bounds or Lunenburg is bounded on the South with the Dukedom of Brunswic on the South-East with Magdeburg on the East with Brandenburg on the North with Lauwenburg and Holstein on the North-West with Bremen and on the West with some part of Westphalia The Metropolis which gives name to the whole Dukedom is thought by some to have had its name from the Moon Lunus or Luna worshipp'd by the ancient Idolatrous Inhabitants of this Land Others derive the word from the name of the River Elmena or Ilmenow on which the City of Luneburg is seated which they tell us was formerly call'd Luno from Isis the Egyptian Goddess who coming into Germany to visit her Kinsman Gambrivius who was in those days Lord of that part of the Country where Hamburg now stands was here Deified and worshipp'd under the Image of an Half-Moon Several of the Saxon Chronologers report that this Idol was first brought hither by
his Brother Christian Elect Bishop of the Diocess of Minden This brave Prince govern'd the Dukedom in great peace and prosperity two and twenty years and enlarg'd it with the Principality of Grubenhagen After his decease in the year 1633 the Dukedome of Luneburg fell to his Brother Augustus Elect Bishop of Ratzeburg upon which incomparable Prince of whom the Reader may expect a larger account in the description of the Dukedom of Brunswic descended not long after by the death of Frideric Vlric the Dukedom of Brunswic Whereupon the Dukedom of Luneburg was given to Duke George Lieutenant General of all the forces of the Lower Saxony in the year 1636. He left four Sons whereof the eldest Christian Ludowic for some years govern'd the Luneburgers paying each of his younger Brethren an annual stipend of 12000 Ric-dollars Upon his death the second Brother George William succeeded in the Government and kept as he doth to this day his Residence in his Brothers Palace at Zell By the Treaty of Hildesheim the Dukedoms of Calenberg and Grubenhage were assign'd over to the third Brother John Frideric who kept his Residence at Hannover in much greater state then his Brother at Zell These and all other Territories subject to the late Duke of Hannover are now in the possession of the youngest Brother Ernest Augustus who by the Treaty of Munster was made Bishop of Osnabrug and is now upon the death of his Brother John Frideric this last year 1680 Duke of Hannover He married the Lady Sophia youngest Sister to our Prince Rupert of whom this character is usually given that she is the most accomplish'd Princess in Europe by whom he hath three Sons and a Daughter Chief Cities and other places of greatest note in this Dukedom are FIrst Luneburg LUNEBURG We have already given the Reader an account of the most probable opinion about the original of the name of this City and but little more can be sai concerning its first Founders and those that fortified it The story of Julius Cesar's laying the first foundation of a City in this place is at best incredible and groundless There 's hardly an ancient City in Europe which does not pretend to some venerable piece or other of Julius's Architecture which tho ordinarily admir'd by the vulgar yet is contemn'd and laugh'd at by men of sence and knowing Antiquaries The best testimony of its age I can meet with is Dithmarus Mersburgensis's mentioning Luinberg by the name of Civitas in speaking of an Earthquake which hapned in the days of the Emperor Henry II. But 't is easie to observe how the Historians of those times were wont to compliment any mean Village with the title of Civitas Yet Lambertus Schafnaburgensis an Author of almost as great antiquity as the former in his account of the transactions of the year 1073. gives this character of Luneburg that 't was then Oppidum maximum Ottonis Ducis Saxoniae situm in confinio Saxonum Luticiorum At present the Town contains about two English miles in circumference being not built in exact square but rather an oblong figure The Streets are broad and most of the Houses tolerably well built Over against the Town-hall which is a neat and compact piece of building stands the Duke's Palace where the Duke of Zell and his Family are lodg'd when he has a mind to reside at Luneburg The chief Trade of the Town is in Salt which the Citizens make in great abundance out of certain pits of salt water which spring within the walls Their Salt-houses are fenc'd round and continually guarded as being the main support of the City These bring in the Duke a considerable yearly Revenue and besides provision is hereby made for a great number of poor labouring men who might otherwise starve for want of employment II. Bardewic BARDEWICK At this day a Village within a mile of Luneburg but anciently a strong and populous City Some Authors fancy it to have been the first City in Saxony And so questionless it was if it be true as they pretend to be able to demonstrate that it was built 990 years before Christ Over the door of the Cathedral which is now the only Church left of nine are wrote in an old Gothic character these hobling verses Abram dum natus mox Treveris incipit ortus Hinc annis Barduic mille sex X quoque quinque Post Barduic Roma duo C cum quinque triginta M C post Nat. junctis octaginta novemque Dum Brunsvicensis Henricus Leo dictus Simonis in festo Barduic subvertit ab alto Meibomius a learned Antiquary whom we have already had occasion often to mention has taken great pains to pick up out of these Rithms and all other Monuments of note about this Town a large account of the Antiquity of the place The name he imagines contrary to the humour of some other Historians who speak of Bardo a Knight Errant of old and Founder of Bardewic derived from the Bardi a Northern people who wandring a great many years up and down Saxony and the neighbouring Countries at last fix'd themselves in this place Whether these Bardi may not have been a Tribe of such Poets as Mr. Cambden and some other of our Antiquaries says gave name to Bardsey one of our British Islands I shall leave to the Reader 's judgment since every Historian that mentions the Bards will tell us that they were the Genealogists amongst the Gauls an undoubted branch of the German Nation as well as the Britains The Verses before-mention'd will inform us that this great City was destroy'd by Duke Henry surnam'd the Lion on St. Simon and Jude's day in the year 1189. Since that time it has never been able to recover its glory and is now remarkable for nothing but a College of Eight Residentiary Canons and some few Vicars III. ULTZEN A neat uniform little Town Vltren about the middle way betwixt Lunenburg and Zell 'T was anciently call'd Lawenwald i. e. Lion-Forest as appears from several of its old Records and an inscription to this day legible on the North-side of the Town-hall And from this its old name the Arms or Rebus rather of the Town are still a Lion Passant Azure in a Field Verd betwixt Three Trees of the Second The modern name Vltzen it had from the neighbouring Monastery of Olden-Stadt which as is evident from several ancient Writings bearing date A. D. 1255 and 1338 was formerly call'd Old-Vlssen On the twentieth of September in the year 1646 this City was miserably destroy'd by a fire which in a very short time burnt down the fairest and richest part of it This blow it has hardly yet so well recover'd as to be entirely rebuilt but however the most considerable streets and places of consequence are very much advanc'd by it and the new buildings are every-where more regular and splendid then the former The Citizens have a Tradition among them that the first English Saxons
opinion that 't was first built by Drusus and his Son Germanicus in the days of Augustus Cesar but Pyrckamer thinks 't is yet older and the same with Ptolomy's Vesovium They that fetch its original no higher then the Roman Captain Drusus's time tell us it had its name from an Image of Venus called in their language die Magde i. e. the Maid which say they the old Records of Magdeburg report to have been worshipp'd in the neighbouring banks of the Elb. Hence we meet with the names of Parthenope Parthenopolis and sometimes Parthenopyrga the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifying the same with the High Dutch Burg in Latin Historians instead of Magdeburgum This Image as the report goes was destroyed and its Temple utterly demolished by the Emperor Charles the Great 's Officers who converted the great Treasure they had seized to better uses in building St. Stephens Church in the Town An ancient Chronicle of the City of Brunswic gives this description of the foremention'd Image That it represented a naked woman with bright shining eyes and long yellow hair seated in a guilt Chariot drawn by two white Swans and as many white Turtles Upon her head was placed a Garland of Myrtle and on her breast a burning Torch flaming every way In her right hand she held a Globe of the world and in her left three Golden Apples She was attended by three Graces who cover'd each others eyes with a Veil What credit may be given to these stories I know not nor will it probably be worth the while to enquire However certain it is that whatever Antiquity the Town of Magdeburg may pretend to it was never wall'd round before the year 940 nor could ever challenge the name of a City till some time after For Edgitha wife to the Emperor Otho I. and Daughter to our English-Saxon King Edmund having the Land about Magdeburg setled on her for a Jointure prevailed with her Husband to give her leave to build a City in this place and to wall it in This Grant the Emperor seconded with large Contributions out of his own Treasury and translated the Bishopric of Vallersleben to this new City So that Magdeburg had if not its name at least its glory from an English Princess Soon after the said Emperor Otho prevailed with the Pope of Rome to make Magdeburg an Archbishopric and to order that several of the neighbouring Bishops particularly the Bishops of Mersburg Zeitz Havelberg and Brandenburg should be subject to the Archbishop of this Diocess as to their lawful Metropolitan who should acknowledg no man's supremacy in Spirituals but the Pope's From thenceforward the Archbishop of Magdeburg had the Title of Primate of Germany conferr'd on him tho as Krantius shews the three Spiritual Electors and the Archbishop of Saltzburg always refused to pay him that respect In this State the Church of Magdeburg continued till the year 1566 when the whole Chapter having abandoned the innovations and fopperies of the Church of Rome and embraced the tenents of M. Luther elected Joachim Frideric at that time the only Son of John George Elector of Brandenburg to be the Administrator of their Archbishopric having before his admission bound him by oath to the observation of certain Articles approved on by himself and his Father After whose death he was advanced to the Electorate of Brandenburg and his Son Christian-William chosen Administrator in his place Who faithfully discharged his trust till the year 1631 in which the Town after a long siege was taken by the cruel Count Tilly who destroyed the lives and fortunes of no less then thirty thousand Citizens with Fire and Sword and carried the Administrator prisoner to Newstatt in Austria where he chang'd his Religion and turn'd Papist Into his place the Chapter elected Augustus second Son to John George the First Elector of Saxony who had had the Title of Coadjutor from the year 1625. In the Westphalian Treaty it was order'd that upon the death of the said Augustus the Archbishopric of Magdeburg should again return to the House of Brandenburg and be for ever annex'd to that Elector's Dominions under the name of a Dukedom In pursuance of this agreement the present Elector of Brandenburg has upon the death of the said Administrator which hapned this last year 1680 taken possession of Magdeburg and the adjoining Territories which 't is thought will advance his yearly Revenues the sum of 600000 Rixdollars The siege of Magdeburg in the year 1631 which we have already mention'd is so famous for the valour of the Defendants Siege and notorious for the unparallel'd cruelty of the Besiegers that it well merits a more particular account then we have yet given of it The tenth of May old stile was the bloody day whereon this horrid and tragical Massacre was committed The Burgers had long withstood the threats and force of the Imperial General Count Tilly endeavouring to secure their Religion from the outrages of a Popish Army But after a long and vain resistance the bloody Count forced his way into the Town and commanded his men to spare neither man woman nor child but put all to the Sword to fire all their Churches and private Houses and to extirpate if possible their very name In obedience to his command women in travail were ript up and the sucking children snatcht from their mothers breasts and hew'n in pieces before their eyes The young Virgins were first ravish'd in the open street and then murder'd two whereof are said to have prevented their shame by hast'ning their death the one throwing her self before Tilly's face into a Well and the other into the Fire Sixteen Churches and Chappels whereof many cover'd with Lead and one with Copper were burnt down and not an House in the Town left standing save a few Fishermen's Cottages which the Imperialists would not vouchsafe to fire Of near forty thousand Citizens scarce four hundred were left alive and those destitute of Houses and other conveniences requisite for the preservation of the miserable lives they had spared them This bloody exploit Count Tilly was used to brag of afterwards in his jollity calling it merrily The Marriage-feast of Magdeburg Since this desolation the Town has not to this day been able to recover its former grandeur Present condition but is every-where checquer'd with new buildings and the ruins of the old They have rebuilt one stately Church but most of the rest ly still buried in their ashes Tilly in the heat of his rage was perswaded to spare the Cathedral which is indeed a stately structure and enough to recommend the whole Town to a stranger's eye In one of the Chappels in this Church is shew'n the Tomb of the Emperor Otho the Great with his Wife Edgitha before-mentioned holding in her hand nineteen small Globes within a Golden circle which denote so many Tun of Gold given by the Emperor at her request towards the building of this Cathedral There are
the following order 2. Frideric II. Son to the First 3. Ernest Frideric the second 's Son 4. Frideric III. Ernest's Son 5. John Frideric the third's Brother 6. John-Frideric the Son of John a great promoter of the Reform'd Religion 7. Maurice Cousin-German to his predecessor John who drove Charles the fifth out of Germany and was slain in the Battel of Siffridhuse against Albert Marquise of Brandenburg 8. Augustus Maurice's Brother 9. Christian Augustus's Son 10. Christian II. Son of Christian the first 11. John George Christian the second 's Son who first sided with the Emperor Ferdinand against the Elector Palatine and afterwards with the King of Sweden against the Emperor 12. John George II. Son to John George the first He spent the greatest part of his time in ease and quiet and dying this last year 1680 in a good old age left the Electorate to his Son 13. John George III. This Elector is a Prince of low stature but great Spirit something fat and corpulent but withall active and brisk He was born the 20th day of June A. D. 1647 and in the year 1663 married Ann Sophia Princess of Denmark and Sister to the present King Christian By her he has several children the eldest of whom John George is the Electoral Prince The Revenues of this Elector are thought to be as great at least as any other Prince's in Germany Reveâ—â—â—â— excepting only the Imperial Family altho the circuit of his Dominions and number of his Subjects fall far short of what his neighbour the Elector of Brandenburg is master of They that reckon his yearly Revenue to amount to 400000 pound sterling speak modestly enough and he that shall carefully compute all the incomes of his Treasury from the Imposition upon Beer and all other Commidities from Taxes Mines c. will I presume find it rise to a much larger sum The profit which arises to him out of the silver Mines at Freyberg and some other places in his Territories has been long since computed to amount yearly to 130000 pound and certainly the daily encrease of labourers will rather augment that sum The Excise or Impost upon Beer in Leipsick only a City consisting of no more then two Parishes is usually farm'd at the rate of 20000 pound per annum Besides this and the like Customs he has Tenths of all the Corn Fruit Wine c. in his Country Add to these the great standing Tax laid upon his Subjects towards the maintenance of a war against the Turk granted at first in times of danger and hostility but gather'd since in days of peace at least as to that Enemy under pretence of being in a readiness to receive him whensoever he shall attack this Country Answerable to these vast revenues is the pomp and splendour of his Court his Attendants being usually more numerous then the Trains of any of his neighbour-Princes 'T is reported that in the Elector Christian the second 's Court at the same time three Dukes as many Earls and five Barons of foreign Nations besides a great number of the Nobility of his own Country were Pensioners to that Prince Nor have the two late Electors abated much of this state and grandeur Witness the Funeral of John George the First in the year 1657 at which were twenty-four Horses of State cover'd with black and the Electoral Eschutcheon wrought thereon each of them being led by two Gentlemen after which follow'd three thousand five hundred persons in mourning The Court of Saxony has been always more bronded with excessive intemperance in drinking then any other Prince's Palace in Germany Nor have the Electors themselves been able to shun the imputation a red nose being as is reported by some of their own Historians the inseparable badg of that Family II. Leipzig LEIPZIG This City is supposed to have been built by the Vandals who were ancient inhabitants of these parts about the year of Christ 700 and to have had its name from the Slavonian or Wendish word Lipzk which signifies a Linden-tree from the multitude of this sort of Timber which formerly grew in this place Whence in Latin Authors we sometimes meet with Phylurea instead of Lipsia from the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 tilia 'T is seated at the concourse of three small Rivers the Elster Pleissa and Parda in a pleasant and fruitful plain abounding with all manner of necessaries and pleasures as large and rich meadows which are mowed twice constantly sometimes thrice a year pleasant Woods and an infinite number of fine Orchards plentifully stock'd with all sorts of fruit Within the walls there is no such thing as Orchard or Garden but the whole plot of ground is cover'd with stately Fabricks Pleissenburg or the Castle seated on the Pleissa which defends the Town is a strong Fort and strictly guarded and St. Nicolas's Church is thought to be the fairest on the inside of any Lutheran Church in Germany The Citizens have generally well-built houses many whereof especially near the market-place are seven some nine stories high Near this place was the chief seat of the late civil wars of Germany insomuch that this Town was five several times besieged and taken in the space of two years At the last 't was taken by the Imperialists on the 12th of August 1633. but restored upon the ratification of the Treaty of peace betwixt the Emperour and Elector of Saxony sign'd at Prague A. D. 1635. At this day 't is famous for besides the purity of the high Dutch tongue which is thought to flourish here in a more refin'd strain then in any other part of Misnia and consequently of Germany the three things following 1. The great Traffic and concourse of Merchants from all places of note in Europe especially dureing the three fairs which are here kept yearly at Christmas Easter and Michaelmas 2. The high Court of Judicature before which the Elector himself is bound to appear upon summons The manner of proceding in this Court is at large deliver'd by Zobelius in his book entituled Differentiae Juris Saxonici Civilis and by the Author of the Chronicon Lipsiense written not many years since in High Dutch 3. The University which was founded here A. D. 1408 upon the quarrel betwixt the Hussites and Papists at Prague whereby the former were forced to leave the town and to settle themselves at Leipsig to which City two thousand of them are said to have flock'd in one day There are in it at this day four Colleges and twenty four public professors amongst whom the chief professor of Divinity is Dr. John Adam Schertzer a person of wonderful humanity and as great learning The several books he has publish'd especially his Collegium Anti-socinianum wherein he has bravely confuted those knotty arguments of the Cracovian party which few of his Countreymen before him were able to understand sufficiently demonstrate to the world the quickness of his parts and foundness of his judgement His
East of the Dukedom dividing it from the Kingdoms of Hungary and Poland mention'd usually in Latin writers by the name of Montes Carpatii or Hungarici but by the Natives of this Country call'd commonly Jablunka Amongst these Hills the Silesians find the chief treasure of their Great Dukedom having here a great many Mines of Silver and Lead The Miners that inhabit these parts are call'd by their neighbours Die Walachen and are a sort of people much more rough and rustical then the rest of the Silesians A vast company of these Bores in the year 1643 revolted from the Imperialists and fled to the Swedish Army but were not long after reclaim'd The other row of mountains are on the South and divide the Dukedom of Teschen from the Marquisate of Moravia These Hills the Natives call Gesencke but Latin Authors make them a part of the Sudetes and name them Montes Moravici These latter do not afford that plenty of Ore which is found in the former but are tolerably well stock'd with Minerals and some Metals and supply what they fall short of the other in this kind with huge flocks of Sheep which are here pastur'd Other Towns of note in the Dukedom of Teschen are Bielitz Freystattlein Friedick Jablunke which has its name from the Eastern row of mountains abovemention'd Nistkow Strummen Skotschau and Schwartzwasser Some add Lassla with whom agrees J. Scultetus's Map of Silesia but this Town ought rather to be referr'd to the Dukedom of Troppau X. The County and City of GLATZ AMongst the Montes Sudetes lies the County of Glatz County being bounded on the South with Moravia on the West with Bohemia and on the East and North with the Great Dukedom of Silesia For which reason modern Geographers have been at a stand to determine which of the three Nations they should refer it to some of them making it a part of the Kingdom of Bohehemia others esteeming it a petty Province of the Marquisate of Moravia and a third sort who seem to have most probability on their side call it a Silesian County It s ancient inhabitants are thought to have been the Marsigni in whose days the City of Glatz was call'd Luca. After them the Hungarians got possession of this and the neighbouring Provinces and kept it till the Emperor Henry I. routed them and hang'd up their chief Commander in one of the Forests of this County From this great Hungarian Warriour whose name is said to have been Glozar the City of Glatz or Glotz was first named tho other Etymologists think its ancient name to be Klotz which signifies properly the root and trunk of a Tree but is sometimes taken for a large Forest or Copse of Shrubs such as they tell us once grew in the place where Glatz now stands The Nobility of this County have a tradition amongst them that before their Land was conquer'd by Henry the First and made Christian this County was immediately subject to the Emperors of Germany by whom 't was afterwards bestow'd on the Kings of Bohemia M. George Aelurius in his Chronicle of the City and County of Glatz printed in the year 1625 says that 't was as his Countrymen affirm subject at first to the Emperors but afterwards won and enjoy'd for some time by the Princes of Poland from whom the Bohemians took it and as appears from the Records of that Kingdom were Masters of it in the years 1074 and 1114. After this the Dukes of Silesia made themselves Lords of the County of Glatz which within a while return'd to the Kings of Bohemia and then back again to the foresaid Dukes In this state it continued till the days of the Emperor Charles the Fourth in whose reign it was once more subjected to the King of Bohemia And thus it continued till King George about the year 1460 bestow'd the Cities of Glatz Munsterberg and Franckenstein upon his own Sons who thereupon had the Titles of Dukes of Munsterberg and Earls of Glatz conferr'd on them by the Emperor Frideric IV. In the year 1500 the Dukes of Munsterberg sold this Country to Vlric Earl of Hardegg whose successors within less then forty years after sold it again to the Emperor Ferdinand I. who bestow'd it on the Lords of Bernstein From them it descended A. D. 1549 upon Ernest Duke of Bavaria after whose death it return'd again to the Kings of Bohemia in whose possession it continues to this day The Commodities of this Country are Iron Coal Silver-Ore Timber all sorts of Venison and tame Cattel Butter Cheese c. How rich the Country is may hence easily be gather'd that not many years ago the King of Bohemia's Stewards and Rent-gatherers have been known to bring into their Master's Coffers near forty thousand Ricxdollars yearly out of this one County The City of Glatz is a neat and compact Town 〈◊〉 seated in a pleasant plain on the banks of the Neisse but fortified with a strong Castle on the top of a neighbouring Hill which overlooks and commands the Town The great Church is said to have been formerly the Temple of an Idol worshipp'd by the ancient inhabitants of these parts in which as Aelurius tells us the young maids of the Country used to nail up their hair against the walls as was the custom amongst the ancient Romans and that not many years ago several of these kind of Tabulae Votivae were still to be seen The Charter of their City permits their Magistrates to coin money in their own names but they seldom make use of the priviledg any further then to give abroad a kind of small coin little better then the farthings and half-pence lately currant by the authority of no better man then an ordinary Grocer or Chandler in most of our Market-Towns in England Besides Glatz there are the following nine great Towns in this County Havelswerd Neurode Winschelburg Mitselwald Reinertz Lewin Landeck Beurath and Wilhelmsthal or Neustatl besides an hundred fair Villages and upwards MARCHIONATVS MORAVIAE Auct I. Comenio Excudebat Janssonio-Waesbergä Moses Pitt et Stephanus Swart Notularum explicatio Vrbs muris cincla Oppidum Pagus turritus Arx Zamek Castellum â—â—â—z Pagi innominati Monasterium Vinetorum colles Thermae seu aquae medicale Officinae â—â—â—â—aria Auri et Argenti fodinae Ferri fodinae THE MARQUISATE OF MORAVIA MORAVIA is commonly in the Bohemian writers preferr'd before Silesia altho this later be a Dukedom and the other no more then a Marquisate The reason of which preeminence must be ascrib'd either to this Marquisate's having been anciently a Kingdom or else to its being made subject to the Kings of Bohemia before ever the Silesians embraced their yoke The Germans call this Country Mahren and some of their writers would have it nam'd Mehrhenland or Equarum Regio imagining the true Etymology of the word to come from the multitude of Horses or Mares bred in this Marquisate But certainly the word Moravia which is undoubtedly of the same offspring with the
we add the Revenue of all the Demesns immediately subject to these Princes and the Church-lands which after the Reformation were annex'd to the Electoral Estate we may probably find the sum arise much higher But now adays the case is alter'd and the greatest share of the Riches as well as Honours anciciently appropriated to this House is enjoy'd by the Duke of Bavaria The state of Religion 〈◊〉 both in the Upper and Lower Palatinate has been exceedingly chang'd and varied since the first introducing of the Augsburg Confession by Count Frideric II. For Frideric III. set up the Doctrine and Discipline of John Calvin which soon after his death was thrown out by Ludowic V. a restorer of Lutheranism His Son Frideric IV. brought the Calvinists once more in play for the satisfaction chiefly of his beggarly Courtiers who knew no readier way of raising their Fortunes then by invading the Tythes and Glebe with the other poor remainders of the Church's Patrimony By which means the Clergy being reduc'd says Dr. Heylin to miserable short stipends under the name of a Competency became so contemptible and neglected by all sorts of men that at last the Church of the Palatinate was in the same condition with the Church of Israel under the reign of Jeroboam when Priests were made out of the meanest of the people But a Church reduc'd to these straits was not like to be of any durable continuance but to end ere long in misery Accordingly the Bavarians and Spaniards soon after this havock made of the Church fell upon them and took away their ill-gotten Estates and starv'd Religion leaving in the place of the latter the Idolatry and Superstition of the Church of Rome which is to this day openly profess'd in most parts of the Elector Palatine's Dominions notwithstanding his own firm adherence to the Doctrines of the Calvinists The Chief Cities in the Lower PALATINATE HEYDELBERG is the Metropolis of the Lower Palatinate and as some would have it of all Swaben 'T is seated on the Neccar which parts Swaben and Franconia It has its name from a little sort of shrub resembling Myrtle the fruit whereof growing plentifully on the Hills round this City the Germans call Heidelbeeren whence Latin Authors write the name of this Town Myrtillorum mons and Myrtilletum 'T is compass'd round with Hills cover'd with Vines except only towards the West which way you have a good prospect over a large and pleasant plain The Town is neither large nor very populous its chief beauty consisting in one fair street set off with an uniform Market place The Elector's Palace on the ascent of the hill Konigstul which overlooks the whole Town is a stately Fabrick beautified with a great many delicate Gardens Grottoes c. Not far distant from which stands a strong Tower which for its fortifications and heighth is hardly to be parallel'd in the German Empire 'T was formerly call'd Trutzkayser or Defiance to the Emperor but since the restauration of the late Elector that disobliging name has been abolish'd and 't is now call'd from some new Works made round it in form of a Star Stern-schantz or Star-fort But the most remarkable thing in this Palace and indeed in Heydelberg is the great Wine-fat Great Tun mention'd by all that travel this Country under the name of the Tun at Heydelberg That which is now to be seen in an outer building near the Palace was built by the order of the last Elector Charles-Ludowic and far exceeds any of the former It contains above 204 Fudder of Wine which amounts to about 200 Tun of our English measure Instead of Hoops it is built with large Trees of knee Timber like the ribs of a Ship which have several Inscriptions painted and carv'd upon them and are supported by carv'd pedestals Upon one side of the Vessel you have a handsom Stair-case leading to the top where you meet with a Gallery set round with Ballisters three and forty steps from the ground Before the year 1664 in which year this was built the old Tun tho one of the wonders of the German Nation was not comparable to this 'T was encircled with great Hoops of Iron each of which are said to have weigh'd 12200 pound It contain'd only 132 Fudder of Wine and there were no more then seventeen steps to the stop The University was founded by Count Rupert in the year 1387 Vniversity tho some will needs have it ten years older and others near forty It is still much frequented and has given education to many eminent men in former days Witness R. Agricola Munster H. Buschius Xylander Paul Cisner Pacius Franciscus Junius P F. Smetius Freherus and Janus Gruterus In the great Church Library dedicate to the Holy Ghost was formerly kept the Elector's Library of which the learned Scaliger in one of his Epistles to Janus Gruterus gives this account Indicem Bibliothecae vestrae sedulo legi Locupletior est meliorum Librorum quam Vaticana One great part of this Collection was the Library of the Monastery of Sponheim to which says Trithemius in a Letter to Damius Curtensis A.D. 1507 no Library in the German Empire is worthy to be compar'd either for the rarity or multitude of Books especially its Manuscripts in the Hebrew Greek Latin Chaldaean Arabic Indian Russian Tartarian Italian French German and Bohemian languages But this Treasure of Learning was siezed on and plunder'd by the Spanish forces who took Heydelberg in the year 1620. At which time a considerable number of choice Books were trodden to dirt and the rest carried over the Alps to the Vatican where they may still be seen in a long Gallery over against the Duke of Vrbin's Library 2. WORMES Wormes tho more immediately subject to the Bishop of that place is reckon'd the second Town in the Lower Palatinate Freher a man admirably skill'd in the Antiquities of this Country says that 't was anciently the Metropolis of the Vangiones the old inhabitants of these parts and that within these few years was to be seen this Inscription in Capital Letters over the Peacock-Gate SPECULA VANGIONUM But Cluverius tells us it s old name was Bormitomagus or Borbetomagus corrupted afterwards into Vorvetomagus Vorvemagus Vormagia Guarmacia and at last Wormacia The Imperial Chamber was formerly kept here and in those days Worms was one of the most considerable Towns in the Empire Munster says that in his time 200 Cities Great Towns and Villages lay so near this City that their inhabitants could daily bring into Worms such provision as their Country afforded and return home at night to their respective dwellings But the many calamities which this place and the neighbourhood underwent in the Civil Wars of Germany and by the late incursions of the French forces not to mention the miseries they have suffer'd by the often rebellion of the Citizens against their Bishop have mightily alter'd the case and there is now nothing of