Born 1636. Doyene of Gandersheim Christian Augustus Born 1639. Ludorica Amalia Born 1642. Rodolphus Frederick Born 1645. Gluckbourg Philip Duke of Holstein Gluckbourg the Grand Uncle of Duke Christian Augustus was Born 1584. and died 1663. being the Brother of Duke Frederick above mentioned Born of the first Bed Married in the year 1624. Sophia Hedwig Dutches of Saxe-Lawenbourg the Daughter of Duke Frareis and of Mary Dutchess of Brunswick his Second Wife of which Marriage are Born Christian Born in 1627. and dyed 1671. Mary-Elizabeth Born in the year 1628. Married 1651. to George Albert Marquess of Brandenbourg and dyed 1664. Adolphe Born 1631. Augusta Born 1633. Married in 1651. to Ernest Gunther Duke of Holstein Sunderbourg her Cousin the Son of Duke Alexander and of the Dutchess Dorothey Countess of Schwartrenbourg Christina Born 1634. Married 1650. Christian Duke of Saxony Dorothy Born 1636. Married for the first time in the year 1653. Christian Lewis Duke of Lunenbourg and the Second on the 25th of June 1668. Frederick William Marquess of Brandenbourg Elector Hedwig Born 1643. Eleonor Dutches of Holstein Sister of Philip Born 1590. Second Bed Hedwig the Sister of Dorothy Born 1643. Anna Sabina the Dutchess of Holstein Born in the year 1593. of the Second Bed of Duke John of his Second Wise Agnes-Hedwig Princess of Anhalt Married 1698. Julius Frederick Duke of Wirtembourg the Son of Duke Frederick Count of Montbeliard who left her a Widow died 1659. Arnsbeck Joachim Ernest Duke of Holstein-Arnsbeck Born in the year 1595. of John Duke of Sleswick and of Holstein Sunderbourg and of his Second Wife Agnes Hedwig Princess of Anhalt Born in the year 1595. Married in 1633. Dorothea Augusta Dutchess of Holstein leswick his Cousin the Daughter of Duke John Adolphus and of the Princess Augusta of Denmark He Dyed 1671. but had by that Princess John Adolphus in 1634. General Major of the Imperial Cavalry against the Turks in 1664. Augustus Born in 1639. Ernestina in 1636. Joachim Ernest 1637. Bernard 1639. Agnes Hedwig 1640. Sophia Eleonor 1644. Eleonor Sophia the Sister of Joachim Ernest Born 1603. of the Second Bed Married in the year 1625. Christian the young Prince of Anhalt the Son of Christian Prince of Anhalt Barnbourg whose Widow she is Gottorp Frederick Duke of Sleswick of Holstein Gottorp of Stormaria of Dithmars Cousin German of Duke Joachim Ernest Born 1697. of Duke John Adolphus and of Augusta Princess of Denmark Married in the year 1630. Mary-Elizabeth Dutchess of Saxony the Daughter of the Elector John George and of Magdalena Sibila of Brandenbourg Prussia of which Alliance are Born the following Children In the year 1633. this Prince sent a signal Embassy into Muscovy into Persia for the Establishment of the Commerce by Land He Alternates with the King of Denmark in the Admistration of Justice in the Session at the Dyets of the Empire and in all the Rights of the Regale He Died the 10 of Aug. 1659. Sophia Augusta Born 1630. Married 1649. with John Prince of Anhalt Zerbst the Son of Prince Rodolphus Magdalena Sibila Born 1631. Married in the year 1654. to Gustavus Adolphus Duke of Mecklembourg the Son of Duke John Albert. Mary Elizabeth Born 1634. Married in the year 1650 to Lewis Landgrave of Hesse Darmstadt the Son of the Landgrave George the Second Hedwig Eleonor Born 1636. on the 23 of October Married in the year 1654. on the 24 of October Carolus Gustavus King of Sweeden the Son of John Casimir Count Palatine of the Rhine and of Katharina Princess of Sweeden Sister of King Gustavus Adolphus Anna Dorothea Born 1640. Augustus Frederick Born 1646. Augusta Maria 1649. Ottingen or Oyten John Augustus Duke of Holstein Ottingen Nephew of Duke Frederick Gottorp Born 1647. on the third of August the Son of John Duke of Holstein Ottingen or Oyten and of Juliana Felecita Dutchess of Wirtembourg Dorothea Augusta Sister of Duke Frederick Gottorp Born 1602. Married in 1633. Joachim Ernest Duke of Holstein Arnsbourg Her Cousin the Son of Duke John and of his Second Wife Agnes Hedwig Princess of Anhalt Hedwig Sister of Dorothea Born in 1603. Married in 1620. with Augustus Count Palatine of Sultzbach the Son of Philip Lewis Count Palatine Duke of Newbourg and Ann of Cleves and of Juliers Died in 1656. And I shall pass on to the Nobles who never Claim nor pretend to the Titles of Dukes Earls or Barons but are such as have had a single Coat of Arms belonging to their Family for many Ages Denmark is said to have at this day some Families of that Nobility of that antiquity as VVren and others as to have been present at the Signing of a Treaty of Peace between Charles Magne and the Danish King Hemmines on the Eider Out of this Body of the Nobility are drawn the Senators of the Kingdom or the Members of the Council of State who are Elected to the Number of 28. All a Noblemans Goods moveable and immoveable are at his Death divided amongst his Children the Son having two Moities and a Daughter only one The King cannot by the Laws of Denmark purchase any part of a Noble-Mans Estate neither can the Nobles buy any of the Crown Lands some Officers of the Crown Knights of the Order of the Elephant Vice-Roys and Governours of Provinces and Places were formerly chosen out of the Body of the Nobility and nominated by the Election of the Senators bating the Knights of the Order But at present since the Reformation of that Kingdom half of those Officers are drawn out of the Body of the Burgery the King being willing to consider and Reward that part of the State which served with so much Courage and fidelity at the Siege of Copenhagen when that Capital of the Kingdom was almost the only place which sustained almost all Efforts of the Sweedish Army which had taken in all the rest of the Kingdom But here I will Insert a Catalogue of the Principal Families of the Nobility now in Denmark in the following Alphabetical Order A Achsel Appelgard Alefeld Andersem B Bielke Banner Brache Bilig Below Bilde Brokenhusem Biorn Beck Blick Bassi Bax. Baselich Bille Bilde Bockowlt Budde Baggen Bammelbourg Brune Blom Brocktorp Breiden D Dreslelberch Daac Dune Duram Dam. F Freze Fassi Falster Faleke G Gulderstern Grubbe Goce Green Gelschut Galle Gram. Gris. Goss Gadendorp Grahow H Hardenberg Holke Hoken Hiderstorper Hiderstorper Hube Hesten Hager Holer Haeken Hoier Hacken Harberger I Jul. Jensen Juenan Juensen Johensen K Korwitz Krabbe Kaas Krusen Kragge Krumpen Kramdick Kerckberg Karssenbrock Kaelet Kutzen L Lange Lindeman Lunge Lutkem Laxman Lancken Leven Luck Lindow Lutken M Munck Matiessen Marizer Must Matre. Meinstorf Maeten Magnussen N Negil Narbu Norman O Ofrin Otten P Pasberg Podessen Podebussen Papenheimb Pogwisch Plessen Peâ—sen Paisen Petersen Q Qualem Quittow R Rantzaw Rosentkrantz Rastorp Ruthede Reuter Ruten Rosenpart Rosengard Roanow Reventlow Ratlow Ritzerow S Schram Schefeldt Schelen Seestede Stuege Swron Stantbeke
Split Solle Swaben Santbarch Spar. Spegel Sturen Suinen Staken Stove Siversersen T Trolle Tolten W Wlefeld Walkendorp Wipfert Witfelt Wogersen Wenflterman Wolde Worm Walstorp Wensin Wiltorp Whrup Vonsflet Vartinnen Wken Voien Vlstandt Vren Tho till some of late Creation the Danish Nobles had neither the Titles of Dutchies Marquissates Counties nor Barrony as other States nor do they Quarter their Armes yet t is Customary for many of them to be Dubbed Knights upon any Signal piece of Service rendred to their Prince or Countrey Two Orders of Knight-hood they have in Denmark that of the Elephant and that of Dancbrogh That of the Elephant was first instituted upon the occasion of King Christian the first going in a kind of Pilgrimage to Rome when as he was invested by Pope Sixtus the Fourth with this Order in Remembrance of our Lord and Saviour and at the same time it was Ordain'd that the Succeeding Kings of Denmark should have a Successive Right to be Soveraigns of this Order Whereupon the foresaid King Christian Built the Stately Chappel of the three Kings in the Cathedral at Roschildt where the solemnities of the Order were to be held and the Knights obliged to Assemble for the choosing a new Member upon the Death of any of their Fraternity Into the Number whereof several Kings Princes and Noble Men have been Admitted The chief Ensigne of the Order was the Figure of an Elephant on whose side within a Rundle was represented a Crown of Thorns with three Nails all Bloody in Honour and Memory of the Passion of our Blessed Saviour The Knights were obliged to the performance of Acts of Piety Alms-deeds and certain Ceremonies particularly on those days on which they wore the Ensignes of their Order Some of the Kings of Denmark have been very Zealous to raise the Honour of this Order to the Highest Esteem and especially their King John who wore the Ensignes of it on every Solemn Festival and so promoted its value that our King Henry the Eight and King James the Fifth of Scotland were content to be of the Fraternity Some Danish Writers are not of Opinion that it re eived its first Institution when Christian the First had those many Honours conferr'd on him by Pope Sixtus the Fourth but that the Badge was a meer Millitary Ensigne formerly bestowed as a Memorial and Incitement to the Danish Princes for the Defence and promoting of Christianity against the Infidels Heretofore the Knights wore a Collar of Gold Composed of Elephants and Crosses fashioned somewhat like Crosses Ancrees at which Hung the Picture of the Virgin Mary to the middle holding Christ in Her Arms and surrounded with a Glory of Sun Beams But at this day they only wear a Blew Ribbond at which hangs an Elephant Enamell'd white Adorned with four large Diamonds set in the middle Those Elephants worn by the Knights in the days of Christian the Fourth had in the same place within a Circle the Letter C. and in the Heart thereof the figure of 4. made to signifie Christianus Quartus The Kings of Denmark have Generally conferred this Honour on the days of their Coronation both upon the Nobles and Senatours of the Kingdome Frederick the Third brought into use an Embroidered Glory of Silver Purl wrought upon the left side of their Cloak or Vest on which was Embroidered two Crowns within a Rundle bearing this Motto Deus Providebit But the Motto has changed with the Soveraign for that of the present King is Pietate 〈◊〉 justitia and this the Knights of his Creation now Wear in the middle of the Circle Bâ— all the Knights of his Fathers making aâ— obliged to continue still the former Mottâ—â— The Order of Danebroge or the Knight of the Holy Cross was instituted in remembrance of the Cross which is said miraculously to have fallen into and preserved King Waldemar the Second's Army when that having lost their Standard his Forces were going to yield and give themselves up a Prey to the Fury of their Pagan Enemies the Lifelanders with vvhom they were then Combating This Order was Continued till the Relique was lost it solfe in Ditmarsh after which it was for a long while wholly laid aside until revived again in the year 1673. by the present King Christian the Fifth This Prince ordain'd that the Knights of this Order of which Himself is one should Wear an Enamell'd Cross Edg'd round with Red hung in a string of the same Colour reaching from the Right Shoulder to the Left side Out of the Nobility and the Knights the Senators of the Kingdom were formerly chosen who anciently seldome exceeded the Numbers of Eight but now are a far greater Number As long as they continued in their places they were maintain'd by the Country They had Castles allowed to dwell in by the King paid no Taxes were only obliged to keep a certain number of Light Horse ready for Service upon all Occasions and attend upon the King at his Sunimous upon their own Charges though not bound so to do if he went out of his Dominions and if sent upon Embassy's had an Allowance out of the Treasury Besides these were Pensioners who 〈◊〉 good Services Rendered the Crown had certain Lands for Life or a set number of Years Assigned them by the King for their Maintenance In consideration of which they were to provide so many Light Horse as the King thought fitting and pay in Annually a certain Sum of Money into the Exchequer But since the Reformation of the Government in the year 1660. The number of them is very much Retrenched The Principal Officers of the Crown of Denmark are chosen from out amongst the Nobility and Senators The First is the Grand-Master of the Kingdom who is as the Kings Lieutenant The Second Holger Windt the Lord High Treasurer who receives in and gives Acquittances for all Sums paid into the Kings Exchequer and has under him two Secretaries of the Nobility and a great Number of Inferiour Clarks The Third the Lord High Chancellor Henry Alefelt Count of Exingen and Langland whose Office is much the same as in other Kingdoms The Fourth the Grand Marshal who provides necessaries for all manner of dispatches in the times of War and Peace This Office is now enjoyed by Jâ—â—an Christopher Corbitz The Lord High Admiral Henry Bielek Knight of the Order of the Elephant who take care of the Building and Reparing of all sorts of Ships belonging to the Crown He had under him a Vice-Admiral Niel Juel who Acts by his Commission with Baron Jens Juel and Mounsieur Rodenstein Rear Admirals And Mounsieur Seastede Commissary General of the Holm The Grand-Master of the Artillery The Master of the Horse Mounsieur Axhuisen The Great Cup-Bearer Mounsieur Knoel the First Gentleman of the Kings Bed-Chamber Mess Sebulter and Bierman Secretaries of State Mess Sehuller and Jessen Secretaries to the King In the year 1660. the King of Denmark Established Seven Councils The First of State
wherein their Great-Master the King presides and which Sits-once a Year The Second of the Finances wherein the Lord High Treasurer Sits as President The Third the Chancery wherein the Chancellor Presides The Fourth of the Militia wherein the Lord High Marshal Presides The Fifth of Justice wherein Presides N. The Sixth of the Admiralty wherein Presides the Admiral And the Seventh of the Commerce Under the Vice-Roy of Norway Frederick Count Guldenlew Knight of the Order of the Elephant and Natural Son of the late King of Denmark there be Five particular Governments 1. That of Bahus the most Southern Government but now under the Sweed 2. Of Argerhus Seaten in the Gulph of Ansloo or Opsloâ— a Bishops See 3. Of Berghen a Bishops See 4. Of Drunthecim or Tronthecim an Arch-Bishoprick 5. Of Wardhus the last place of Norway and of Christendome Lying towards the North Scated in the Isle of Ward The Governments of the Provinces and Places of the Kingdom of Denmark Of Juitland Mounsieur Lavenzo Of Holstein N. Of Copenhaghen Mounsieur Sehack Of Cronenburg Mounsieur Osten Of the County N. N. Of Pinnenburg N. N. Of Dithmarse N. N. Of Starmaria N. N. Of Wagerland or Wagria Of Finmark Of the Isle of Funen M. G. Van Asken Of the Isle of Bornholm Of the Isle of Island Of the Isle of Greenland Of Spitzbergen There are only Seaven Bishopricks in Denmark which are all in the Kings disposal 1. Copenhaghen Whereof the Bishop has Arch-Piscopal Rights but not the Title 2. Ripen and both in the Nor. Juitland 3. Arhusen both in the Nor. Juitland 4. Odensee in the Isle of Funen 5. Wiburg 6. Arhusen 7. Sleswick The Arch Bishop of Trunthein or Dronthein in the North of the Kingdom of Norway where is still seen the remains of the most Magnificent Church of the North Dedicated to S. Olaus This Arch Bishop had the following Suffragan Bishops 1. Bergen the Metropolis of the Kingdom upon the Sea 2. Staffanger upon the Shoar of the Western Ocean 3. Hammar Reunited to the Bishoprick of Ansloo 4. Ansloo or Opsloo above Bahuys 5. Sodre an Island 6. Greenland an Island 7. Schalholt an Island 8. Hola or Kola in the most Northern part of Norway But at this day the Bishopricks of Norway are reduced to Four Namely 1. Bergen 2. Steinamanger 3. Dronthein 4. Christiana under whose Jurisdiction the rest are brought unless some under Copenhaghen Denmark has produc'd many Men Famous for their Learning and besides the Bards or Druids we have accounts of many other kinds of Poets and Learned Persons amongst the ancient Danes Some Authors tell us the several sorts of Verses composed by the Scialdrae and Runae are innumerable but may be at least the best of them Reduced to 36 Heads It was formerly the custom of all the Northern Nations to have the Genealogies and Famous Deeds of their Ancestors put into Doggerell that being daily chanted over by the Parents to their Children they might be the easier Remembred and Transmitted to Posterity The Composers of these Ballads were the Grandees of the Nation and looked upon as the Princes Wisest Councellors Nay some for the Reward of a Song or an Epitaph have been presented with the Crown of Denmark But as it would be an endless matter to set down all the Danish Authors we shall content our selves with Inserting the following Catalogue Saxo Grammaticus who Writ the History of Denmark in a most Elegant Stile and Lived in the Twelsth Centuary 2. Erasmus Latus Professor of Divinity in the University of Copenhaghen 3. Nicolaus Hemmingius noted for his Ingenious Commentaries upon the Scripture 4. Tycho Brahe a Danish Nobleman Famous for his Admirable Observations in Astronomy King Frederick the Second gave him the Island Ween where Tycho built his Vranibourg about the year 1575 being an observatory in the form of a Castle and Fenced round with regular Fortifications and which he finding a place remote from all troubles and a fit retirement for a Student he Adorned it with a Collection of the most exact Mathematical Instruments that could be procured 5. Christianus severini Longomontanus was Bred up in the Science of Astronomy by Tycho Brahe and has written several Ingenious pieces thereof 6. Arrild Witfield Lord of Ordersberch reduced Saxo's History to a Chronological method and Composed an accurate Chronicle of the Kings of Denmark and Norway in the Danish Tongue 7. Stephanus Stephanius Professor of History in the University of Sor has Illustrated Saxo Gramaticus with Ingenious Annotations and writ an Account of the State of Denmark during the Reign of Christian the Third 8. Olaus Wormius has made a Rare Collection of Natural Curiosities and great discoveries into the Misterious Runick Learning 9. Petrus Johannes Resenius a great Antiquary as may be seen by His Edda Islandorum and other Curious pieces To these may be added Petrus Severinus Borrichius the two Bartholins the one of whom Gasper Bartholinis supposed to have made the Dial of the Cathedral of Lunden in Schonen which Dial shows the Year Month Week Day and Hour of the Day all at the same time with all Feasts both Moveable and fixed as also the Motions of the Sun and Moon and their Progress through every Degree of the Zodiack This Clock is so Ordered by Artificial Engines that when ever it strikes two Horse-men come forth and Encounter each other the one giving the other just so many Blows as the Hammer is to strike upon the Bell at what time a Door opening the Virgin Mary appears sitting upon a Throne with Christ in Her Arms and the Magi doing him Reverence and two Trumpets Sounding all the while And this Register I suppose is sufficient to show how much Denmark has Contributed towards the Advancement of Learning The Cittizens and Merchants form the Third Order of the Kingdome and the Peasants or Rustis the Fourth who are either Freeholders such as have Hereditary Estates paying only some small quit Rent to their Land-Lords or Wornede Villains absolutely in the Power of their Lords The Cities are Governed by their distinct Corporations And the Citizens enjoy peculiar Priviledges and Charters as in other States of Europe Out of these two last Orders are Elected the Arch-Bishops the Bishops the Canons Pastours and Senators of Citties and other lesser Officers Whilst the Kingdome of Denmark lay confused and broken into several parts all the Provinces had not all the same Law but were Governed by peculiar Statutes Whence we read of Leges Scanicae Leges Sialandice and the like But when they came to be reunited under on Head they became all Subject to the same Law The Laws now in use were compiled into one Body which they call the Iydse Lowbog or the Book of the Laws of Juitland and Established by King Waldemar the Second But nevertheless sometimes changed according to the Circumstances of the juncture Thus Murder was formerly punished only with a pecuniary Mulct but now with Death The