needs must note that as the erecting of these fabricks in these Islands was founded on the ruine of the Deanries so had the birth of this device in England been death unto the Bishopricks No wonder then if those which principally manage the affairs of holy Church so busily bestir themselves in the destroying of this viper which by no other means can come into the world then by the death and ruine of his mother Yet so it is I know not whether by destiny or some other means I would not think but so it is that much of this new plat-form hath of late found favour with us and may in time make entrance to the rest Their Lecturers permitted in so many places what are they but the Doctors of Geneva save only that they are more factious and sustain a party And what the purpose and design of this but so by degrees to lessen the repute of such daies as are appointed holy by the Church and fasten all opinion to their daies of preaching By whose authority stand the Church-wardens at the Temple doors as I have seen it oft in London to collect the bounty of the hearers but only by some of their appointments who finde that duty or the like prescribed here unto the Deacons cap. 1. 2. I could say somewhat also of our ordinary Fasts how much they are neglected every where and no Fast now approved of but the solemn Nay we have suffered it of late to get that ground upon us in the practise at the least that now no common businesse must begin without it Too many such as these I fear I could point out unto your Lordship did I not think that these already noted were too many A matter certainly worthy of your Lordships care and of the care of those your Lordships partners in the Hierarchie that as you suffer not these new inventions to usurp upon our Churches by violence so that they neither grow upon us by cunning or connivence CHAP. VI. 1 King James how affected to this Platform 2 He confirmes the Discipline in both Islands 3 And for what reasons 4 Sir John Peyton sent Governour into Jarzey 5 His Articles against the Ministers there 6 And the proceedings thereupon 7 The distracted estate of the Church and Ministery in that Island 8 They referre themselves unto the King 9 The Inhabitants of Jarzey petition for the English Discipline 10 A reference of both parties to the Councell 11 The restitution of the Dean 12 The Interim of Germanie what it was 13 The Interim of Jarzey 14 The exceptions of the Ministery against the Book of Common-prayer 15 The establishment of the new Canons IN this state and under this Government continued those Islands till the happy entrance of King James upon the Monarchy of England A Prince of whom the brethren conceived no small hopes as one that had continually been brought up by and amongst those of that faction and had so oft confirmed their much desired Presbyteries But when once he had set foot in England where he was sure to meet with quiet men and more obedience he quickly made them see that of his favour to that party they had made themselves too large a promise For in the conference at Hampton Court he publickly professed that howsoever he lived among Puritans and was kept for the most part as a ward under them yet ever since he was of the age of ten years old he ever disliked their opinions and as the Saviour of the world had said though he lived among them he was not of them In this conference also that so memorized Apophthegm of his Majesty No Bishop no King and anon after My Lords the Bishops faith he I may thank ye that these men the Puritans plead thus for my Supremacy Add to this that his Majesty had alwaies fostred in himself a pious purpose not only of reducing all his Realms and Dominions into one uniform order and course of discipline which thing himself avoweth in his Letters Patents unto those of Jarzey but also to establish in all the reformed Churches if possibly it might be done together with unity of Religion and uniformity of devotion For which cause he had commanded the English Liturgie to be translated into the Latine and also into most of the national Languages round about us by that and other more private means to bring them into a love and good opinion of our Government which he oftentimes acknowledged to have been approved by manifold blessings from God himself A heroick purpose and worthy of the Prince from whom it came This notwithstanding that he was enclined the other way yet upon suit made by those of these Islands he confirmed unto them their present orders by a Letter under his private Seal dated the 8. of August in the first year of his reign in England which Letters were communicated in the Synod at St. Hilaries the 18. of September 1605. the Letter written in the French Tongue but the tenor of them was as followeth James by the Grace of God King of England Scotland France and Ireland c. unto all those whom these presents shall concern greeting Whereas we our selves and the Lords of our Councell have been given to understand that it pleased God to put it into the heart of the late Queen our most dear sister to permit and allow unto the Isles of Jarzey and Guernsey parcel of our Dutchy of Normandy the use of the Government of the reformed Churches in the said Dutchy whereof they have stood possessed until our coming to this Crown for this couse we desiring to follow the pious example of our said Sister in this behalf as well for the advancement of the glory of Almighty God as for the edification of his Church do will and ordain that cur said Isles shall quietly enjoy their said liberty in the use of the Ecclesiastical Discipline there now established forbidding any one to give them any trouble or impeachment as long as they contain themselves in our obedience and attempt not any thing against the pure and sacred Word of God Given at our Palace at Hampton Court the 8. day of August Anno Dom. 1603. and of our reign in England the first Signed above James R. The reasons which moved this Prince to assent unto a form of Government which he liked not was partly an ancient rule and precept of his own viz. That Princes at their first entrance to a Grown ought not to innovate the government presently established But the principal cause indeed was desire not to discourage the Scots in their beginnings or to lay open too much of his intents at once unto them For since the year 1595. his Majesty wearied with the confusions of the Discipline in that Church established had much busied himself in restoring their antient place and power unto the Bishops He had already brought that work so forwards that the Scottish Ministers had admitted of 13 Commissioners which was the antient
A SURVEY OF THE Estate of France AND Of some of the adjoyning ILANDS TAKEN In the Description of the principal Cities and chief Provinces with The Temper Humor and Affections of the People generally And an exact accompt of the Publick Government in reference to the Court the Church and the Civill State By PETER HEYLYN Published according to the Authors own Copy and with his consent for preventing of all False Imperfect and Surreptitious Impressions of it LONDON Printed by E. Cotes for Henry Seile and are to be sold at the Black-boy over against St. Dunstans Church in Fleetstreet M. DC LVI TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE Lord Marquesse OF DORCHESTER IHere present unto your Lordship the Fruits if not the Follies also of my younger daies not published now if the audaciousnesse of some others had not made that necessary which in my own thoughts was esteemed unseasonable The reasons why I have no sooner published these Relations and those which have inforced me to do it now are laid down in the following Preface sufficient as I hope both to excuse and justifie me with ingenuous men But for my boldnesse in giving them the countenance of your Lordships name I shall not study other reasons then a desire to render to your Lordship some acknowledgement of those many fair expressions of esteem and favour which your Lordship from my first coming to Westminster hath vouchsafed unto me Your known abilities in most parts of learning together with the great respects you have for those which pretend unto it enclined you to embrace such opinion of me as was more answerable to your own goodnesse then to my desert and to cherish in me those Proficiencies which were more truly in your self And for my part I alwaies looked upon your Lordship as a true Son of the Church of England devoted zealously to her Forms of worship the orthodoxies of her Doctrine and the Apostolicism of her Government which makes me confident that these pieces will not prove unwelcome to you in which the superstitions innovations of the two opposite parties are with an equal hand laid open to your Lordships view Nor shall you find in these Relations such matters of compliance only with your Lordship in point of Judgement as promise satisfaction unto your intellectuall and more noble parts but many things which may afford you entertainments of a different nature when you are either spent with study or wearied with affairs of more near importance For here you have the principallest Cities and fairest Provinces of France presented in as lively colours as my unpolished hand could give them the Temper Humour and Affections of the People generally deciphered with a free and impartial Pen the publick Government of the whole in reference to the Court the Church and the Civil State described more punctually then ever heretofore in the English Tongue some observations intermingled of more ancient learning but pertinent and proper to the businesse which I had in hand You have here such an accompt also of some of the adjoyning Islands the only remainders of our Rights in the Dukedome of Normandy that your Lordship may finde cause to wonder how I could say so much on so small a subject if the great alterations which have hapned there in bringing in and working out the Genevian Discipline had not occasioned these enlargements Such as it is it is submitted with that Reverence to your Lordships Judgement which best becometh My Lord Your Lordships most humble And most devoted Servant Pet. Heylyn The Authors Preface to the Reader I. IT may seem strange unto the Reader that after so large a volume of Cosmography in which the world was made the subject of my Travels I should descend unto the publishing of these Relations which point at the estate only of some neighbouring places or that in these declining times of my life and fortunes I should take pleasure in communicating such Compositions as were the products of my youth and therefore probably not able to endure the censure of severer age And to say truth there are some things in this publication whereof I think my self obliged to give an account to him that shall read these papers as well for his satisfaction as mine own discharge as namely touching the occasion of these several Journeys my different manner of proceeding in these Relations the reasons why not published sooner and the impulsions which have moved me to produce them now II. For the two first the Reader may be pleased to know that as I undertook the first Journey in the company of a private friend only to satisfie my self in taking a brief view of the pleasures and delights of France so having pleased my self in the sight thereof and in the observation of such things as were most considerable I resolved to give my self the pleasure of making such a character and description of them as were then most agreeable to my present humour at what time both my wits and fancies if ever I was master of any were in their predominancy I was then free from all engagements depending meerly on my self not having fastned my relations upon any one man in order to my future preferment in Church or State and therefore thought of nothing else then a self-complacency and the contentment of indulging to mine own affections This made me to take that liberty in deciphering the tempers humours and behaviours of the French Nation generally which to a grave judgement may seem too luxuriant and to have more in it of the Satyrist then is consistent with an equall and impartiall character But in the midst of so much folly if the Reader shall vouchsafe it no better name there is such a mixture of more serious matters as makes the temperature of the whole be more delightfull according to that saying of Horace in his Book de Arte Poetica Omne tulit punctum qui miscuit utile dulci. That is to say He hits on every point aright Who mingleth profit with delight III. The other Journey being undertaken almost four years after in attendance on the Earl of Danby is fashioned after a more serious and solemn manner I had then began to apply my self to the Lord Bishop of London and was resolved to present the work to him when it was once finished and therefore was to frame my style agreeably unto the gravity and composednesse of so great a Prelate My design was to let him see in the whole body and contexture of that discourse that I was not altogether uncapable of managing such publick businesse as he might afterwards think fit to entrust me with and it succeeded so well with me that within a short time after he recommended me unto his Majesty for a Chaplain in ordinary and by degrees employed me in affairs of such weight and moment as rendred my service not unusefull to the Church and State however mistaken by some men who think all matters ill conducted which either passe
temperature of the air and soyl the same the humours and affections of the people still the same the Fractions of the Church as great the Government as Regal or despotical now as when the Author was amongst them The Cities stand in the same places which before they stood in and the Rivers keep the same channels which before they had no alteration in the natural parts of that great body and not much in the politick neither The change which since hath hapned by the Death of the King being rather in the person of the Prince then the form of Government Affairs of State then managed by a Queen-Mother and a Cardinal favourite as they are at this present The King in his Majority then but not much versed or studied in his own concernments as he is at this present the Realm divided then into parties and factions though not into the same factions as it is at this present and finally the English then in as high esteem by reason of the alliance then newly made between the Princes as they can possibly be now by reason of the late concluded peace betwixt the Nations Nor hath there hapned any thing not reconcilable to the present times but the almost miraculous birth of the King and his Brother after 20 years barrennesse and the mariage of the Monsieur with Montpensiers Daughter contrary to the generall expectation of all that people and for the first I think I may be bold to say of the world besides XII These reasons as they may excuse this publication in reference to the work it self so there is one which serves to justifie it in respect of the Author that is to say the manifesting of this truth to all which shall peruse these papers that he is still of the same Judgement and opinion in matters of Religion Gods worship and the government of holy Church of which he was 30 years agoe when the Relation of the first Journey was fashioned by him that he hath stood his ground in all those revolutions both of Church and State which have hapned since that he now holds no other Tenets then those to which he hath been principled by education and confirmed by study and finally that such opinions as he holds be they right or wrong he brought to the Court with him and took not from thence So that whatsoever other imputation may be charged upon him he cannot be accused for a time-server but alwaies constant to himself in all times the same Qualis ab incepto processeriâ— in the Poets language the same man then as now without alteration Compare my late book upon the Creed with these present Journals and it will easily be seen that in all points wherein I have occasion to declare my Judgement I am nothing altered that neither the temptations of preferment nor that great turn both in the publick and my own affairs which hath hapned since have made me other then I was at the very first XIII It 's true in reading over these papers as they were sent to the Presse I found some things which I could willingly have rectified as they passed my hands but that I chose rather to let them go with some Petit errors then alter any thing in the Copy which might give any the least occasion to this misconceit that the work went not to the Presse as it came from my pen but was corrected by the line and levell of my present Judgement And for such petit errors as then scaped my hands being they are but petit errors they may the more easily be pardoned by ingenuous men But howsoever being errors though but petit errors I hold it necessary to correct them and shall correct them in this order as they come before me Normandy bounded on the South with L'Isle de France Not with the Isle of France distinctly and properly so called occasioned by the circlings of the Scine and the Marne in which Paris standeth but by that part of France which is called commonly France Special or the Proper France as being the first fixed seat of the French Nation after their first entrance into Gâ—ul which notwithstanding may in some sense be called the Isle of France also because environed on all sides with some river or other that is to say with the Velle on the East the Eure on the West the Oise on the North and a vein Riveret of the Seine on the South parts of it The name Neustria Not named so in the time of the Romans when it was reckoned for a part of Gallia Celtica as the words not well distinguished do seem to intimate but when it was a part of the French Empire and then corruptly so called for Westria signifying the West parts thereof the name of Westria or Westenrick being given by some to this part of the Realm of West France as that of Austria or Ostenric to a part of East France By the permission of Charles the Bald Not so but by the sufferance of Charles the Simple a weaker Prince and far lesse able to support the Majesty of a King of France For though the Normans ransacked the Sea coasts of this Countrey during the reign of Charles the Bald which lasted from the year 841 to the year 879. yet Charles the Bald was not so simple nor so ill advised as to give them livery and seisin of so large a Province That was a businesse fit for none but Charles the SIMPLE who began his reign in the year 900. and unto him the words foregoing would direct the Reader where it is thus told us of these Normans anno 900. they first seated themselves in France c. which relates plainly to the reign of Charles the Simple in the beginning whereof they first setled here though Rollo their chief Captain was not honoured with the title of Duke of Normandy untill 12 years after For the most part of a light and sandy mould mistaken in the print for a light and handy that is to say of a more easie tillage then the rest of those Kingdomes Which words though positively true of the Countrey of Norfolk are to be understood of Normandy comparatively and respectively to the rest of France for otherwise it would ill agree with the following words where it is said to be of a fat and liking soyle as indeed it is though not so fat and deep as the Isle of France La Beause or many others of the Southern Provinces The French custome giving to all the sons an equality in the Estate which must be understood of the Estates of meaner and inferiour persons and not of those of eminent and more noble Families which have been altered in this point The Lands and Honours passing undivided to the eldest sons the better to support the dignity of their place and titles as many Gentlemen of Kent have changed their old tenure by Gavellinde into Knights service for the same reason and obtained severall Acts of Parliament to make
the affaires of the King This Court the main pillar of the Liberty of France La Tournelle and the Judges of it The five Chambers of Enquestes severally instituted and by whom In what cause it is decisive The forme of admitting Advocates into the Courts of Parliament The Chancellour of France and his Authority The two Courts of Requests and Masters of them The vain envy of the English Clergy against the Lawyers p. 104. CHAP. IX The Kings Palace of the Louure by whom built The unsutablenesse of it The fine Gallery of the Queen Mother The long Gallery of Henry IV. His magnanimous intent to have built it into a quadrangle Henry IV. a great builder His infinite project upon the Mediterranean and the Ocean La Salle des Antiques The French not studious of Antiquities Burbon house The Tuilleries c. p. 113. La BEAUSE OR THE THIRD BOOK CHAP. I. Our Journey towards Orleans the Town Castle and Battail of Mont l'hierrie Many things imputed to the English which they never did Lewis the 11. brought not the French Kings out of wardship The town of Chartroy and the mourning Church there The Countrey of La Beause and people of it Estampes The dancing there The new art of begging in the Innes of this Countrey Angerville Tury The sawciness of the French Fidlers Three kindes of Musick amongst the Antient. The French Musick p. 121. CHAP. II. The Country and site of Orleans like that of Worcester The Wine of Orleans Praesidial Towns in France what they are The sale of Offices in France The fine walk and pastime of the Palle Malle The Church of St. Croix founded by Superstition and a miracle Defaced by the Hugonots Some things hated only for their name The Bishop of Orleans and his priviledge The Chappell and Pilgrims of St. Jacques The form of Masse in St Croix Câ—nâ—ing an Heathenish custome The great siege of Orleans raised by Joan the Virgin The valour of that woman that she was no witch An Elogie on her p. 131. CHAP. III. The study of the Civill Law revived in Europe The dead time of learning The Schools of Law in Orleans The oeconomie of them The Chancellour of Oxford antiently appointed by the Diocesan Their methode here and prodigality in bestowing degrees Orleans a great conflux of strangers The language there The Corporation of Germans there Their house and priviledges Dutch and Latine The difference between an Academie and an University p. 145. CHAP. IV. Orleans not an University till the comming of the Jesuites Their Colledge there by whom built The Jesuites no singers Their laudable and exact method of teaching Their policies in it Received not without great difficulty into Paris Their houses in that university Their strictnesse unto the rules of their order Much maliced by the other Priests and Fryers Why not sent into England with the Queen and of what order they were that came with her Our return to Paris p. 152. PICARDIE OR THE FOURTH BOOK CHAP. I. Our return towards England More of the Hugonots hate unto Crosses The town of Luzarch and St. Loupae The Country of Picardie and people Tho Picts of Britain not of this Countrey Mr. Lee Dignicoes Governour of Picardie The office of Constable what it is in France By whom the place supplyed in England The marble table in France and causes there handled Clermount and the Castle there The war raised up by the Princes against D' Ancre What his designes might tend to c. p. 162. CHAP. II. The fair City of Amiens and greatnesse of it The English feasted within it and the error of that action the Town how built-seated and fortified The Citadell of it thought to be impregnable Not permitted to be viewed The overmuch opennesse of the English in discovering their strength The watch and form of Government in the Town Amiens a Visdamate to whom it pertaineth What that honour is in France And how many there enjoy it c. p. 169. CHAP. III. The Church of Nostre Dame in Amiens The principall Churches in most Cities called by her name More honour performed to her then to her Saviour The surpassing beauty of this Church on the outside The front of it King Henry the sevenths Chappel at Westminster The curiousnesse of this Church within By what means it became to be so The sumptuous masking closets in it The excellency of perspective works Indulgences by whom first founded The estate of the Bishoprick p. 175. CHAP. IV. Our Journey down the Some and Company The Town and Castle of Piquigni for what famous Comines censure of the English in matter of Prophecies A farewell to the Church of Amiens The Town and Castle of Pont D' Armie Abbeville how seated and the Garrison there No Governour in it but the Major or Provost The Authors imprudent curiosity and the curtesie of the Provost to him The French Post-horses how base and tyred My preferment to the Trunk-horse The horse of Philip de Comines The Town and strength of Monstreuille The importance of these three Towns to the French border c. p. 183. CHAP. V. The County of Boulonnois and Town of Boulogne by whom Enfranchized The present of Salt butter Boulogne divided into two Towns Procession in the lower Town to divert the Plague The forme of it Procession and the Letany by whom brought into the Church The high Town Garrisoned The old man of Boulogne and the desperate visit which the Author bestowed upon him The neglect of the English in leaving open the Havens The fraternity De la Charite and inconveniency of it The costly Journey of Henry VIII to Boulogne Sir Walt. Raleghs censure of that Prince condemned The discourtesie of Charles V. towards our Edward VI. The defence of the house of Burgundy how chargeable to the Kings of England Boulogne yeilded back to the French and on what conditions The curtesie and cunning of my Host of Bovillow p. 192. FRANCE GENERAL OR THE FIFTH BOOK Describing the Government of the Kingdom generally in reference to the Court the Church and the Civill State CHAP. I. A transition to the Government of France in generall The person age and marriage of King Lewis XIII Conjecturall reasons of his being issuelesse Iaqueline Countesse of Holland kept from issue by the house of Burgundy The Kings Sisters all marryed and his alliances by them His naturall Brethren and their preferments His lawfull Brother The title of Monsieur in France Monsieur as yet unmarried not like to marry Montpensiers daughter That Lady a fit wife for the Earl of Soissons The difference between him and the Prince of Conde for the Crown in case the line of Navarre fail How the Lords stand affected in the cause Whether a child may be born in the 11 month King Henry IV. a great lover of fair Ladies Monsieur Barradas the Kings favorite his birth and offices The omniregency of the Queen Mother and the Cardinall of Richileiu The Queen Mother a wise
Their love to Parity as well in the State as in the Church 4 The covering of the head a sign of liberty 5 The right hand of fellowship 6 Agenda what it is in the notion of the Church The intrusion of the Eldership into Domestical affairs 7 Millets case 8 The brothren superstitious in giving names to children 9 Ambling Communions 10 The holy Discipline made a third note of the Church 11 Marriage at certain times prohibited by the Discipline 12 Dead bodies anciently not interred in Cities 13 The Baptism of Bels. 14 The brethren under pretence of scandal usurp upon the civil Courts 15 The Discipline incroacheth on our Church by stealth 16 A caution to the Prelates p. 364. CHAP. VI. 1 King James how affected to this Platform 2 He confirms the Discipline in both Islands 3 And for what reasons 4 Sir John Peyton sent Governour into Jarsey 5 His Articles against the Ministers there 6 And the proceedings thereupon 7 The distracted estate of the Church and Ministery in that Island 8 They refer themselves unto the King 9 The Inhabitants of Jarsey petition for the English Discipline 10 A reference of both parties to the Councell 11 The restitution of the Dean 12 The Interim of Germany what it was 13 The Interim of Jarsey 14 The exceptions of the Ministery against the Book of Common prayer 15 The establishment of the new Canons 378. CHAP. VII The Canons and Constitutions Ecclesiasticall for the Church Discipline of Jarsey together with the Kings Letters Patents for the authorising of the same p. 390. CHAP. VIII 1 For what cause it pleased his Majesty to begin with Jarsey 2 A representation of such motives whereon the like may be effected in the Isle of Guernzey 3 The indignity done by a Minister hereof to the Church of England 4 The calling of the Ministers in some reformed Churches how defensible 5 The circumstances both of time and persons how ready for an alteration 6 The grievances of the Ministery against the Magistrates 7 Propesals of such means as may be fittest in the managing of this design 8 The submission of the Author and the work unto his Lordship The conclusion of the whole Our return to England p. 412. ERRATA Besides the errors of the Copy the Reader is of course to look for some from the Presse which the hast made for preventing the false impressions bath more increased then any negligence of the Workman which the Reader is desired to amend in this manner following PAge 4. l. 27. r. Le Main p. 5. l. 23. r. locorum p. 7 l. 15. r. qui. p. 10. l. 22. r. the predecessor to the same Henry p. 11. l. 17. del in p. 13. l. 18. r. pace ibid. l. 35. 〈…〉 yred p. 19. l 26. r. Evenlode p. 31 l. 8. r. fourth p. 39. l. 25. p. 108. l. 9 r. interview p. 49. l. 3. r. then ibid l. 4. r. as at ibid. l. 9. r. her own thoughts p. 52. l. 1. r. Cumrye p. 60 l. 28. r. En lar ibid. l. 35 r. Troyes p. 69 l. 26. del now p. 95. l. 17. r born p. 96. l. 19 r. abolished p. 99. l. 20. r. Treasurirer p. 100. l. 1. r. visible p. 121. l. 12. r. Chastres p. 123 l 1 r. as much hugged ibid. l. 26. r. I shall hereafter shew you p. 125. l. 27. r. Beu p. 127. l. 14. r. Angerville p. 132. l. 12. r. Angiers p. 138 l. 9. r. his p. 139. l. 15. r. antient times ibid. l. 20. r quam disfumigamibus p. 140. l. 22. r. Belbâ—s p. 147. l. 2. r. meriâ— p. 150. l. 27. r. many p. 153. l. 6. r. mouths ibid. l. 31. r. forme p. 158 l. 9 r. trumped p. 162. l. 12. r. Les D guieres p. 163. l. 20 r. Bevie ibid. l. â—3 r. Troyes p. 167. l. 27. r. Ancre p. 170. l. 18. r. adeo ibid. l. 19. r. fidei p. 175. l. 9. r. mossing p. 185 l. 27. del do ibid. 36. r ner p. 190. l. 3. del my ibid. l. 33. r. Bookes p. 199. l. 20. r. horrour p. 206. l. 8. r Franâ— p. 208. l. 1. r. 60000. p. 211. l. 14. del each 〈◊〉 p. 213 l 8. to these words abeady mentioned add and Madam Gabriele the most breed of all p. 220 l. ult r. Aix p. 222. l. 38. r. no other p. 223. l 7. l. 32. r. investi 〈…〉 ibid. l. 18. r. Henry IV. ibid. l. 34. r. Henry I p 225. l. 10. r. sanctio ibid. l. 23. r. 〈…〉 e. p. 230. l 19. r. fair p. 231 l. 1. r. to come ibid. l. 6 r. greatest action p. 235. l. 〈◊〉 del into p. 242. l 4 r. Le Chastres p. 244 l. 33. r. Systematicall p 248. l. 27. r. 〈◊〉 p. 261. l. 24 del foâ— p. 271. l. 13. r. birudo p 272. l. ult r. Vitrâ—y p. 274. l. r. 〈…〉 tal p. 288 l. 28. r. Peitor p. 298. l. 5. 302. l. 16. r. Armie p. 304 l. 33 r. Summa 〈…〉 p. 306 l. 20. r. manner p. 312. l. 8 del a Crosse engraled O. p. 314. l. 5 r. Viconte p. 320. l 8. r. painset ibid. l. 2. r. honor p. 323. l. 34. r. once p 325. l. 7. r. fact p. 330. l. 36. r. Birtilier p. 337. l. 11. r titulary ibid. l 17 r. Painset p. 354. l ult 〈◊〉 them they p. 368 l 35. r. propounded p. 374 l 10 r. tactum p. 381. l. 14. r. va 〈…〉 p. 384. l. 3 l. 3â— p. 386 l. 15. Misseâ—vâ— p 385. l. 17 r. Olivier ibid. l. 34. r. St. Martins p 387. l 32. r. interea p. 393 l. 9. r. cure p 401. l. ult r. rols p. 417 l. 11. del hath p 415 l. 3. r. ceremoniall ibid. l. 25. r. besaid unto him ibid. l. 38. r. Bishop p. 417. l 8. r clamors p. 422. l. 13. r. change p. 423. l 3. r. sic ibid. l. 24. r. pool THE RELATION Of the FIRST JOURNEY CONTAINING A SURVEY of the STATE OF FRANCE TAKING IN The Description of the principal Provinces and chief Cities of it The Temper Humors and Affections of the people generally And an exact account of the Publick Government in reference to the Court the Church and the Civill State By PET. HEYLYN London Printed 1656. A SURVEY OF THE STATE of FRANCE NORMANDY OR THE FIRST BOOK The Entrance The beginning of our Journey The nature of the Sea A farewell to England ON Tuesday the 28 of June just at the time when England had received the chief beauty of France and the French had seen the choise beauties of England we went to Sea in a Bark of Dover The Port we aimed at Dieppe in Normandy The hour three in the afternoon The winde faire and high able had it continued in that point to have given us a wastage as speedy as our longings Two hours before night it came about to the Westward and the tide also not befriending us our passage became tedious and troublesome
to redeem him To which he answered that we had carryed our selves like Gentlemen which gave him no distrust of a reall payment that he would take if we pleased a Bill of our hands for the money to be paid in Dover and desired that we would give him leave to send over a servant in our Boat with a basket of poultery who should receive the money of us and give back our Bond. This being agreed upon the next morning we took boat for England the Mariners knowing nothing else but that the servant went over only to sell his Poultery that being an opportunity frequently indulged by them unto those of the Town though we knew well enough he went on another errand and as we could not but commend my Host for his courtesie and his care taken of our credit so we had reason to esteem our selves in a kinde of custody in that he would not let us stir without a Keeper Nor did my Host lose any thing by his kindnesse to us For we not only paid him honestly all his full demands but bestowed a reward upon his servant and sent a present of Gloves and Knives commodities much prized in France to his Wife and Daughters that he might see we knew as well how to require as receive a curtesie Which said I must step back into France again that having taken a brief view already of the Principall Provinces I may render some accompt of the Government also in reference to the Courts the Church and the Civill State The End of the Fourth Book A SURVEY OF THE STATE of FRANCE FRANCE GENERAL OR THE FIFTH BOOK Describing the Government of the Kingdom generally in reference to the Court the Church and the Civill Sate CHAP. I. A transition to the Government of France in generall The person age and marriage of King Lewis XIII Conjecturall reasons of his being issuelesse â—aqueline Countesse of Holland kept from issue by the house of Burgundy The Kings Sisters all married and his alliances by them His naturall Brethren and their preferments His lawfull brother The title of Monseiur in France Monseiur as yet unmarried not like to marry Montpensiers daughter That Lady a fit wife for the Earl of Soissons The difference between him and the Prince of Conde for the Crown in case the line of Navarre fail How the Lords stand affected in the cause Whether a child may be born in the 11 moneth King Henry IV. a great lover of fair Ladies Monseiur Barradas the Kings favorite his birth and offices The omniregency of the Queen Mother and the Cardinall of Richileiu The Queen mother a wise and prudent woman HAving thus taken a survey of these four Provinces which we may call the Abstract and Epitome of the Realm of France and having seen in them the temper humors and conditions of the people of it We will next take a generall view of the Governors and Government thereof with reference to the Court the Church and the Civill State First for the Court we must in reason in the first place begin with the person of the King without whose influence and presence the Court is but a dead â—arkasse void of life and Majesty For person he is of the middle stature and rather well proportioned then large his face knoweth little yet of a beard but that which is black and swarty his complexion also much of the same hew carrying in it a certain boisterousnesse and that in a farther measure then what a gracefull majesty can admit of so that one can hardly say of him without a spite of Courtship which Paterculus did of Tiberius Quod visus praetulerit principem that his countenance proclaimed him a King But questionlesse his greatest defect is want of utterance which is very unpleasing by reason of a desperate and uncurable stammering which defect is likely more and more to grow upon him At this time he is aged 24 years and as much as since the 27 day of last September which was his birth day an age which he beareth not very plaufible want of beard and the swarthinesse of his complexion making him seem older At the age of 11 years he was affianced to the Lady Anna Infanta of Spain by whom as yec he hath no children It is thought by many and covertly spoken by divers in France that the principall cause of the Queens barrennesse proceedeth from Spain that people being loath to fall under the French obedience which may very well happen she being the eldest Sister of the King For this cause in the seventh Article of the marriage there is a clause that neither the said Infanta nor the children born by her to the King shall be capable to inherit any of the Estates of the King of Spain And in the eight Article she is bound to make an Act of Renunciation under her own hand-writing as soon as she cometh to be 12 years old which was accordingly performed But this being not sufficient to secure their fears it is thought that she was some way or other disabled from conception before ever she came into the Kings imbraces A great crime I confesse if true yet I cannot say with Tully in his defence of Ligarius Novum Crimen Caje Caear ante hoc tempus inauditum Iaqueline Countesse of Holland was Cousen to Philip Duke of Burgundy her fruitfulnesse would have debarred him from those Estates of Holland Zâ—aland and West Friezland therefore though she had three husbands there was order taken she should never have child with her first two husbands the Duke would never suffer her to live and when she had stolen a wedding with Frane of Borselle one of her servants the Dukes Physitians gave him such a potion that she might have as well marryed an Euâ—uch upon this injury the poor Lady dyed and the Duke succeeded in those Countries which by his Grand-childe Mary were conveyed over into the house of Austria together with the rest of his estates I dare not say that that Family hath inherited his practises with his Lands and yet I have heard that the Infanta Isabella had the like or worse measure afforded her before she was bedded by the Arch Duke Albertus A Diabolicall trick which the prostitutes of the Heathen used in the beginning of the Gospell and before of whom Octavius complaineth Quod originem futuri hominis extinguant paricidium faciunt antequam pariunt Better luck then the King hath his Sister beyond the Mountains I mean his eldest Sister Madam Elizabeth marryed to the King of Spain now living as being or having been the mother of two children His second Sister Madam Christian is marryed unto Amadeo Victor principe major or heir apparent to the Duke of Savoy to whom as yet she hath born no issue The youngest Madam Henrietta Maria is newly marryed to his most Excellent Majesty of England to whom may she prove of a most happy and fruitfull womb Et pulcrâ— faciat te prole parentem
of a people generally unto the Generasingulorum as Logicians phrase it though possibly as there are few general Rules without some exceptions many particular persons both of rank and merit may challenge an exemption from them Queis meliore luto finxit praecordia Titan. To whom the heavens have made a brest Of choicer metall then the rest And it is possible enough I might have been more sparing of that liberty which I then gave unto my self were there occasion to make a second character of them at this present time or had I not thought fit to have offered this discourse without alteration as it first issued from my pen. Our English women at that time were of a more retired behaviour then they have been since which made the confident carriage of the French Damosels seem more strange unto me whereas of late the garbe of our women is so altered and they have so much in them of the mode of France as easily might take off those misapprehensions with which I was really possessed at my first coming thither So much doth custome alter the true face of things that it makes many things approvable which at the first appeared unsightly VIII In the next place it may be said that this short Journall deserves not to be called A SURVEY OF THE STATE OF FRANCE considering that it only treateth of some particular Provinces and of such Towns and Cities only in those Provinces as came within the compasse of a personal view But then it may be said withall that these four Provinces which I passed thorow and describe may be considered as the Epitome of the whole the abstract or compendium of the Body of France the Isle of France being looked on as the mother of Paris Picardie as the chiefest Granary and La Beause as the nurse thereof as Normandy is esteemed for the Bulwark of all France it self by reason of that large Sea-coast and well fortified Havens wherewith it doth confront the English And if the rule be true in Logick as I think it is that a Denomination may be taken from the nobler parts then certainly a Survey of these four Provinces the noblest and most considerable parts of all that Kingdome may be entituled without any absurdity the Survey of France For besides that which hath been spoken it was in these four Provinces that Henry the 4. did lay the scene of his long war against the Leaguers as if in keeping them assured or subjected to him the safety of the whole Kingdome did consist especially For though the war was carried into most other Provinces as the necessity of affairs required yet it was managed in those Provinces by particular parties Neither the King himself nor the Duke of Mayenne the heads of the contending Armies did act any thing in them except some light velitations in Champagne and one excursion into Burgundie the whole decision of the quarrels depending principally if not wholly in the getting of these The Duke of Parma had not else made so long a march from the Court of Bruxels to raise the Kings Army from the siege of Roven nor had the King mustered up all his wit and power to recover Amiens when dexterously surprized by a Spanish stratagem And if it be true which the French generally affirm of Paris that it is the Eye nay the very Soul of all France it self I may with confidence affirm that I have given more sight to that Eye more life and spirit to that Soul then hath been hitherto communicated in the English Tongue The Realm of France surveyed in the four principal Provinces and the chief Cities of the whole gives a good colour to the title and yet the title hath more colour to insist upon then the description of these Cities and those principal Provinces can contribute towards it For though I have described those four Provinces only in the way of Chorography yet I have took a general and a full Survey of the State of France in reference to the Court the Church and the Civil State which are the three main limbs of all Bodies Politick and took it in so full a manner as I think none and am assured that very few have done before me IX If it be said that my stay was not long enough to render me exact and punctual in my observations I hope it will be said withall that the lesse my stay was my diligence must be the greater and that I husbanded my time to the best advantage For knowing that we could not stay there longer then our money lasted and that we carried not the wealth of the Indies with us I was resolved to give my self as little rest as the necessities of nature could dispense withall and so to work my self into the good opinions of some principal persons of that nation who were best able to inform me as might in short space furnish me with such instructions as others with a greater expence both of time and money could not so readily attain By this accommodating of my self unto the humours of some men and a resolution not to be wanting to that curiosity which I carryed with me there was nothing which I desired to know and there was nothing which I desired not to know but what was readily imparted to me both with love and chearfulnesse Cur nescire pudens prave quam discere mallem I alwaies looked upon it as a greater shame to be ignorant of any thing then to be taught by any body and therefore made such use of men of both Religions as were most likely to acquaint me with the counsels of their severall parties Nor was I purse-bound when I had occasion to see any of those Rarities Reliques and matters of more true antiquity which either their Religious Houses Churches Colledges yea or the Court it Self could present unto me Money is never better spent then wen it is layed out in the buying of knowledge X. In the last place it may be said that many things have hapned both in the Court and State of France many great revolutions and alterations in the face thereof since I digested the Relation of this Journey for my own contentment which makes this publication the more unseasonable and my consent unto it subject to the greater censure which notwithstanding I conceive that the discourse will be as usefull to the ingenuous Reader as if it had gone sheet by sheet from the Pen to the Presse and had been offered to him in that point of time when it took life from me The learned labours of Pausanias in his Chorography of Greece are as delightful now to the studious Reader as formerly to the best wits of Rome or Athens Nor need we doubt but that the description of the Netherlands by Lewis Guicciardine and of the Isles of Britain by our famous Camden will yeeld as great profit and contentment to future Ages as to the men that knew the Authors The Realm of France is still the same the
my self then to have recourse to the King of heaven and though the Poet meant not Exeat aula qui vult esse pius in that sense yet will it be no treason for me to apply it so And even in this the Church which should be like the Coat of its Redeemer without seam do I finde rents and factions and of the two these in the Church more dangerous then those in the Louure I know the story of Rebecca and of the children strugling in her is generally applyed to the births and contentions of the Law and the Gospel in particular we may make use of it in expressing the State of the Church and Religions of France for certain it is that here were divers pangs in the womb of the French Church before it was delivered And first she was delivered of Esau the Popish faith being first after the strugling countenanced by authority And he came out red all over like an hairy garment saith the text which very appositely expresseth the bloudy and rough condition of the French Papists at the birth of the Reformation before experience and long acquaintance had bred a liking between them And after came his Brother out which laid hold on Esaus heel and his name was called Jacob wherein is described the quality of the Protestant party which though confirmed by publick Edict after the other yet hath it divers times endevoured and will perhaps one day effect the tripping up of the others heels And Esau saith Moses was a cunning hunter a man of the field and Jacob a plain man dwelling in tents in which words the comparison is made exact A cunning hunter in the Scripture signifieth a man of art and power mingled as when Nâ—mrâ—d in Genesis 10. is termed a mighty hunter Such is the Papist a side of greater strength and subtility a side of war and of the field on the other side the Protestants are a plain race of men simple in their actions without craft and fraudulent behaviours and dwelling in tents that is having no certain abiding place no Province which they can call theirs but living dispersed and scattered over the Countrey which in the phrase of the Scripture is dwelling in tents As for the other words differencing the two brethren and the elder shall serve the younger they are rather to be accounted a Prophesie then a Character we must therefore leave the analogie it holds with this Rebecca of France and her two children to the event and to prayer For a more particular insight into the strength and subtilty of this Esau we must consider it in the three main particular strengths of it its Polity Priviledges and Revenue For the first so it is that the Popish Church in France is governed like those of the first and purest times by Archbishops and Bishops Archbishops it comprehendeth 12 and of Bishops 104 of these the Metropolitan is he of Rheimes who useth to anoint the Kings which office and preheminence hath been annexed unto this seat ever since the times of St. Remigius Bishop hereof who converted Clovis King of the Franks unto the Gospell The present Primate is son unto the Duke of Guise by name Henry de Lorrain of the age of 14 years or thereabouts a burden too unweildie for his shoulders Et quae non viribus istis Munera conveniunt nâ—c tam puerilibus annis For the better government therefore of a charge so weighty they have appointed him a Coadjutor to discharge that great function till he come to age to take orders His name is Gifford an English fugitive said to be a man worthy of a great fortune and able to bear it The revenues of this Archbishoprick are somewhat of the meanest not amounting yearly to above 10000 Crowns whereof Dr. Gifford receiveth only 2000 the remainder going to the Caidet of Lorreine This trick the French learn of the Protestants in Germany where the Princes after the Reformation began by Luther took in the power and Lordships of the Bishops which together with their functions they divided into two parts The lands they bestowed upon some of their younger sons or kinsmen with the title of Administrator the office and pains of it they conferred with some annuall pension on one of their Chaplaines whom they styled the Superintendent of the Bishoprick This Archbishop together with the rest of the Bishops have under them their severall Chancellours Commissaries Archdeacons and other officers attending in their Courts in which their power is not so generall as with us in England Matters of testament never trouble them as belonging to the Court of Parliament who also have wrested to their own hands almost all the businesse of importance sure I am all the causes of profit originally belonging to the Church the affairs meerly Episcopall and spirituall are left unto them as granting Licence for Marriages punishing whoredome by way of penance and the like to go beyond this were ultra crepidam and they should be sure to have a prohibition from the Parliaments Of their priviledges the chiefest of the Clergy men is the little or no dependence upon the Pope and the little profits they pay unto their King of the Pope anon to the King they pay only their Dismes or Tithes according to the old rate a small sum if compared unto the payments of their neighbours it being thought that the King of Spain receiveth yearly one half of the living of the Churches but this I mean of their livings only for otherwise they pay the usuall gabels and customes that are paid by the rest of the Kings liege people In the generall assembly of the three Estates the Clergy hath authority to elect a set number of Commissioners to undertake for them and the Church which Commissioners do make up the first of the three Estates and do first exhibit their grievances and Petitions to the King In a word the French Church is the freest of any in Christendome that have not yet quitted their subjection to the Pope as alwayes protesting against the Inquisitions not submitting themselves to the Councell of Trent and paying very little to his Holinesse of the plentifull revenue wherewith God and good men have blessed it The number of those which the Church Land maintaineth in France is tantum non infinite therefore the Intrado and Revenue of it must needs be uncountable There are numbred in it as we said before 12 Archbishops 104 Bishopricks to these add 540 Archpriories 1450 Abbies 12320 Priories 567 Nunneries 700 Convents of Fryers 259 Commendames of the order of Malta and 130000 Parish Priests Yet this is not all this reckoning was made in the year 1598. Since which time the Jesuits have divers Colledges founded for them and they are known to be none of the poorest To maintain this large wildernesse of men the Statistes of France who have proportioned the Countrey do allow unto the Clergy almost a fourth part of the whole For supposing France to contain 200
The first and greatest controversie between the Pope and Princes of Christendome was about the bestowing the livings of the Church and giving the investure unto Bishops the Popes had long thirsted after that authority as being a great means to advance their followers and establish their own greatnesse for which cause in divers petty Councels the receiving of any Ecclesiasticall preferment of a Lay man was enacted to be Simony But this did little edifie with such patrons as had good livings As soon as ever Hildebrande in the Catalogue of the Popes called Gregory VII came to the Throne of Rome he set himself entirely to effect this businesse as well in Germany now he was Pope as he had done in France whilest he was Legat he commandeth therefore Henry III. Emperour Ne deinceps Episcâ—patus beneficia they are Platinas own words per cupiditatem Simonaâ—cam committat aliter seusurum in-ipsum censuris Ecclesiasticis To this injustice when the Emperour would not yeeld he called a solemn Councell at the Lateran wherein the Emperour was pronounced to be Simoniacall and afterwards Excommunicated neither would this Tyrant ever leave persecuting of him till he had laid him in his grave After this there followed great strugling for this matter between the Popes and the Emperours but in the end the Popes got the victory In England here he that first beckoned about it was William Ruâ—us the controversie being whether he or Pope Urban should invest Anselme Archbishop of Canterbury Anselme would receive his investure from none but the Pope whereupon the King banished him the Realm into which he was not admitted till the Reign of Henry II. He to endeer himself with his Clergy relinquished his right to the Pope but afterwards repenting himselfe of it he revoked his grant neither did the English Kings wholly lose it till the reign of that unfortunate prince King John Edward the first again recovered it and his successors kept it The Popes having with much violence and opposition wrested into their hands this priviledge of nominating Priests and investing Bishops they spared not to lay on what taxes they pleased as on the Benefices first fruits pensions subsidies fifteenths tenths and on the Bishopricks for palles miters crosiers rings and I know not what bables By these means the Churches were so impoverished that upon complaint made to the Councell of Basil all these cheating tricks these aucupia expilandi rationes were abolished This decree was called Pragmatica functio and was confirmed in France by Charles VII anno 1438. An act of singular improvement to the Church and Kingdome of France which yearly before as the Court of Parliament manifested to Lewis XI had drained the State of a million of Crowns since which time the Kings of France have sometimes omitted the rigor of this sanction and sometimes also exacted it according as their affairs with the Pope stood for which cause it was called Froenum pontificum At last King Francis I. having conquered Millaine fell into this composition with his Holinesse namely that upon the falling of any Abbacy or Bishoprick the King should have 6 months time allowed him to present a fit man unto him whom the Pope should legally invest If the King neglected his time limited the Pope might take the benefit of the relapse and institute whom he pleased So is it also with the inferior Benefices between the Pope and the Patrons insomuch that any or every Lay-patron and Bishop together in England hath for ought I see at the least in this particular as great a spirituall Supremacy as the Pope in France Nay to proceed further and shew how meerly titular both his supremacies are as well the spirituall as the temporall you may plainly see in the case of the Jesuites which was thus In the year 1609 the Jesuites had obtained of King Henry IV. licence to read again in their Colledges of Paris but when their Letters patents came to be verified in the Court of Parliament the Rector and University opposed them on the 17 of December 1611. both parties came to have an hearing and the University got the day unlesse the Jesuites would subscribe unto these four points viz. 1. That a Councell was above the Pope 2. That the Pope had no temporall power over Kings and could not by Excommunication deprive them of their Realm and Estates 3. That Clergy men having heard of any attempt or conspiracy against the King or his Realm or any matter of treason in confession he was bound to reveal it And 4. That Clergy men were subject to the secular Prince or politick Magistrate It appeared by our former discourse what little or no power they had left the Pope over the Estates and preferments of the French By these Propositions to which the Jesuites in the end subscribed I know not with what mentall reservation it is more then evident that they have left him no command neither over their consciences nor their persons so that all things considered we may justly say of the Papall power in France what the Papists said falsly of Erasmus namely that it is Nomen sine rebus In one thing only his authority here is intire which is his immediate protection of all the orders of Fryers and also a superintendency or supreme eye over the Monks who acknowledge very small obedience if any at all to the French Bishops for though at the beginning every part and member of the Diocesse was directly under the care and command of the Bishop yet it so happened that at the building of Monasteries in the Western Church the Abbots being men of good parts and a sincere life grew much into the envie of their Diocesan For this cause as also to be more at their own command they made suit to the Pope that they might be free from that subjection Utque in tutelam divi Petri admitterentur a proposition very plausible to his Holinesse ambition which by this means might the sooner be raised to its height and therefore without difficulty granted This gap opened first the severall orders of Fryers and after even the Deans and Chapters purchased to themselves the like exemptions In this the Popes power was wonderfully strengthned as having such able and so main props to uphold his authority it being a true Maxime in State Quod qui privilegia obtinent ad eadem conservanda tenentur authoritatem concedentis tueri This continued till the Councell of Trent unquestioned Where the Bishops much complained of their want of authority and imputed all the Schismes and Vices in the Church unto this that their hands were tyed hereupon the Popes Legats thought it fit to restore their jurisdiction their Deans and Chapters At that of the Monks and Monasteries there was more sticking till at the last Sebastian Pigâ—inus one of the Popes officers found out for them this satisfaction that they should have an eye and inspection into the lives of the Monks not by any authority of their
see the alliance which this French Esau hath abroad in the world in what credit and opinion he standeth in the eye of Bâ—â—ri the Romish â—ittite the daughter of whose abominations he hath marryed And here I find him to hold good correspondency as being the eldest son of the Church and an equall poise to ballance the affaires of Italy against the Potency of Spain On this ground the present Pope hath alwayes shewn himself very favourable to the French side well knowing into what perils an unnecessary and impolitick dependance on the Spanish party only would one day bring the State Ecclesiastick As in the generall so also in many particulars hath he expressed much affection unto him As 1. By taking into his hands the Valtolin till his Sonne of France might settle himself in some course to recover it 2. His not stirring in the behalf of the Spaniard during the last wars in Italy And 3. His speedy and willing grant of the dispensation for Madams marriage notwithstanding the Spaniard so earnestly laboured the deniall or at least the delay of it To speak by conjectures I am of opinion that his Genius prompted him to see the speedy consummation of this marriage of which his Papacy was so large an Omen so far a prognostick Est Deus in nobis agitaâ—te calescimus illo The Lar or angell guardian of his thoughts hastned him in it in whose time there was so plausible a Presage that it must be accomplished For thus it standeth Malachi now a Saint then one of the first Apostles of the Irish one much reverenced in his memory unto this day by that Nation left behind him by way of Prophesie a certain number of Mottoes in Latine telling those that there should follow that certain number of Popes only whose conditions successively should be lively expressed in those Mottos according to that order which he had placed them M 〈…〉 ngham an Irish Priest and Master of the Colledge of Irish 〈…〉 es in Paris collected together the lives of all the Irish Saints which book himself shewed me In that Volume and the life of this Saint are the severall Mottos and severall Popes set down Column wise one against the other I compared the lives of them with the Mottos as far as my memory would carry me and found many of them very answerable As I remember there are 36 Mottos yet come and when just so many Popes are joyned to them they are of opinion for so 〈◊〉 〈…〉 ld th 〈…〉 either the world should end or the Popedom be 〈…〉 ned Amongst the others the Motto of the present Pope was most remarkable and sutable to the action likely to happen in his time being this Lilium Rosa which they interpret and in my mind not unhappily to be intended to the conjunction of the French Lilly and English Ros 〈…〉 To take from me any suspicion of Imposture he shewed an old book printed almost 200 years agoe written by one Wion a Flemming and comparing the number of the Mottos with the Catalogue of the Popes I found the name of Vrban the now Pope to answer it On this ground an English Catholick whose acquaintance I gained in France made a copy of Verses in French and presented them to the English Ambassadours the Earls of Carlile and Holland Because he is my friend and the conceit is not to be despised I begged them of him and these are they Lilia juncta Rosis Embleme de bon prefage de l' Alliance de la France avec 〈◊〉 Angle terre Ce grand dieu qui d'un ocil voit tout ce que les ans Soâ—bs leurs voiles sacrez vont a nous yeux cachans Decouure quelque fois anisâ— qui bon lui semble Et les maux a venir et les biens tout ensemble Anisi fit-il jades a celui qui primier Dans l' Ireland porta de la froy le laurier Malachie â—on 〈◊〉 qu' au tymon de leglise On verra s 〈…〉 r un jour cil qui pour sa devise Aura les lys chenus ioints aux plus belles fleures Qui dorent le prin-temps de leurs doubles colours CHARLES est le â—â—curon de la Rose pourpree Henritte est le Lys que la plus belle pree De la France nourrtit pour estre quelque jour Et la Reina des fleurs et des roses l' amour Adorable banquet bâ—en heureuse coâ—ronne Que la bonte du ciel e parrage nous donne Heâ—reuse ma partie heureuse mille fois Celle qui te fera reâ—â—orier en les roys With these Verses I take my leave of his Holinesse wishing none of his successors would presage worse luck unto England I go now to see his Nuncio to whose house the same English Catholick brought me but he was not at home his name is Bernardino d'Espada a man as he informed me able to discharge the trust reposed in him by his Master and one that very well affected the English Nation He hath the fairest house and keepeth the largest retinue of any ordinary Ambassador in the Realm and maketh good his Masters Supremacies by his own precedency To honour him against he was to take his charge his Holinesse created him Bishop of Damiataâ—n â—n Egypt a place which I am certain never any of them saw but in a map and for the profits he receiveth thence they will never be able to pay for his Crozier But this is one of his Holinesse usuall policies to satisfie his followers with empty titles So he made Bishop whom he sent to govern for him in England Bishop of Chalâ—â—don in Asia and Smith also who is come over about the same businesse with the Queen Bishop of Archidala a City of Tâ—â—ce An old English Doctor used it as an especiall argument to prove the universality of power in the Pope because he could ordain Bishops over al Cities in Christendom if he could as easily give them also the revenue this reason I confesse would much sway me till then I am sorry that men should still be boyes and play with bubbles By the same authority he might do well to make all his Courtiers Kings and then he were sure to have a most royall and beggerly Court of it To proceed a little further in the Allegory so it is that when Jacob saw Esau to have incurred his fathers and mothers anger for his heathenish marriage he set himself to bereave his elder brother of his blessing Prayers and the sweet smell of his Venison the sweet smelling of his sacrifices obtained of his Lord and Father a blessing for him for indeed the Lord hath given unto this his French Jacob as it is in the text the dew of heaven and the fatnesse of the earth and plenty of corne and wine Gen. 27. 28. It followeth in the 41. vers of the Chapter And Esau hated Jaeob because of the blessing wherewith his father had blessed him and
his followers That if the reformed Churches in France had kept the same orders amongst them which we have he was assured that there would have been many thousands more of Protestants there then now are But the Marquesse of Rhosny was not the last that said so I have heard divers French Papists who were at the Queens coming over and ventured so far upon an excommunication as to be present at our Church solemn Services extoll them and us for their sakes even almost unto hyperboles So graciously is our temper entertained amongst them As are their Churches such is their Discipline naked of all Antiquity and almost as modern as the men which imbrace it The power and calling of Bishops they abrogated with the Masse upon no other cause then that Geneva had done it As if that excellent man Mr. Calvin had been the Pythagoras of our age and his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 his ipse dixit had stood for Oracles The Hierarchie of Bishops thus cast out they have brought in their places the Lay-Elders a kind of Monster never heard of in the Scriptures or first times of the Gospell These men leap from the stall to the bench and there partly sleeping and partly stroaking of their beards enact laws of Government for the Church so that we may justly take up the complaint of the Satyrist saying Surgunt nobis e 〈…〉 sterquilinio Magistratus nec dum lotis manibus publica tractant negotia yet to these very men composed equally of ignorance and a trade are the most weighty matters of the Church committed In them is the power of ordaining Priests of conferring places of charge and even of the severest censure of the Church Excommunication When any businesse which concerneth the good of the Congregation is befallen they must be called to councell and you shall finde them there as soon as ever they can put off their Aprons having blurted out there a little Classicall non-sense and passed their consents rather by nodding of their heads then any other sensible articulation they hasten to their shops as Quinctius the Dictator in Florus did to his plough Vt ad opus relictum festinasse videatur Such a plat-form though it be that needeth no further confutation then to know it yet had it been tolerable if the contrivers of it had not endevoured to impose it on all the Reformation By which means what great troubles have been raised by the great zelots here in England there is none so young but hath heard some Tragicall relations God be magnified and our late King praised by whom this weed hath been snatched up out of the garden of this our Israel As for their Ministery it is indeed very learned in their studies and exceeding painfull in their calling By the first they confute the ignorance of the Roman Clergy by the second their lazinesse And questionlesse it behoveth them so to be for living in a Countrey full of opposition they are enforced to a necessity of book-learning to maintain the cause and being continually as it were beset with spies they do the oftner frequent the Pulpits to hold up their credits The maintenance which is allotted to them scarce amounteth to a competency though by that name they please to call it With receiving of tithes they never meddle and therefore in their Schismaticall tracts of Divinity they do hardly allow of the paying of them Some of them hold that they were Jewish and abrogated with the Law Others think them to be meerly jure humano and yet that they may lawfully be accepted where they are tendred It is well known yet that there are some amongst them which will commend grapes though they cannot reach them This competence may come unto 40 or 50 l. yearly or a little more Beza that great and famous Preacher of Geneva had but 80 l. a year and about that rate was Peter de Moulins pension when he Preached at Charenton These stipends are partly payed by the King and partly raised by way of Collection So the Ministers of these Churches are much of the nature with the English Lecturers As for the Tithes they belong to the severall Parish Priests in whose Precincts they are due and they I 'le warrant you according to the little learning which they have will maintain them to be jure divino The Sermons of the French are very plain and home-spun little in them of the Fathers and lesse of humane learning it being concluded in the Synod of Gappe that only the Scriptures should be used in their Pulpits They consist much of Exhortation and Use and of nothing in a manner which concerneth knowledge a ready way to raise up and edifie the Will and Affections but withal to starve the understanding For the education of them being children they have private Schools when they are better grown they may have free recourse unto any of the French Academies besides the new University of Saumur which is wholly theirs and is the chiefe place of their study CHAP. IV. The connexion between the Church and Common-wealth in generall A transition to the particular of France The Government there meerly regall A mixt forme of Government most commendable The Kings Patents for Offices Monopolies above the censure of Parliament The strange office intended to Mr. Luynes The Kings gifts and expences The Chamber of Accounts France divided into three sorts of people The Conventus Ordinum nothing but a title The inequality of the Nobles and Commons in France The Kings power how much respected by the Princes The powerablenesse of that rank The formall execution done on them The multitude and confusion of Nobility King James defended A censure of the French Heralds The command of the French Nobles over their Tenants Their priviledges gibbets and other Regalia They conspire with the King to undoe the Commons HAving thus spoken of the Churches I must now treat a little of the Common-wealth Religion is as the soul of a State Policy as the body we can hardly discourse of the one without a relation to the other if we do we commit a wilfull murder in thus destroying a republick The Common-wealth without the Church is but a carkasse a thing inanimate The Church without the Common-wealth is as it were anima separata the joyning of them together maketh of both one flourishing and permanent body and therefore as they are in nature so in my relation Connutio jungâ—m stabili Moreover such a secret sympathy there is between them such a necessary dependance of one upon the other that we may say of them what Tully doth of two twins in his book De fato Eodem tempore â—orum morbus gravescit eodem levaiur They grow sick and well at the same time and commonly run out their races at the same instant There is besides the general respect of each to other a more particular band betwixt them here in France which is a likenesse and resemblance In the Church of France
of Zurich affirmes no lesse in these words viz. Nec me latet pies doctos esse homines quibus sub principibus Christianis non videtur esse necessaria Excommunicatio so he Thus was it with the Church and City of Geneva at the first coming of Calvin to them a man of excellent abilities and one that had attained a good repute in many places of the French dominions Not finding that assurance in the Realm of France he resolved to place himselfe at Basil or at Strasbure But taking Geneva in his way upon the importunity of Farellus he condescended to make that place the scene of his endeavours and his assent once known he was admitted straight to be one of their ordinary preachers and their Divinity reader Mens Aug. anno 1536. This done he presently negotiates with the people publickly to abjure the Papacy nor so only but as Beza hath it in his life Quod doctrinam disciplinam capitibus aliquot comprehensam admitterent that they also should give way to such a discipline which he and his associates had agreed on A matter at the last effected but not without much difficulty and on the 20 of July anno 1537. the whole City bound themselves by oath accordingly which discipline of what quality it was I cannot learn sure I am it had no affinity with that in use amongst the antients For thus himself in his Epistle above mentioned unto Sadolet Disciplinam qualem vetus habuit Ecclesia apud nos non esse dicis neque nos diffitemur The Discipline hitherto was only in conception before it came unto maturity and ready for the birth the people weary of this new yoak began to murmur and he resolutely bent not to vary from his first purpose was in that discontentment banished the Town together with Farellus and Coraldus his colleagues anno 1538. Three years or thereabouts he continued in this exile being bountifully entertained at Strasburg from whence with unresistible importunity he was again recalled by that unconstant multitude A desire to which by no means he would hearken unlesse both they and all their Ministers would take a solemn oath to admit a compleat forme of discipline not arbitrary not changeable but to remain in force for ever after Upon assurance of their conformity herein he returns unto them like an other Tully unto Rome and certainly we may say of him as the Historian of the other Nec quisquam aut expulsus est invid 〈…〉 aut receptus letius On the 13 of September 1541. he is admitted into the Town and now there being strength enough to deliver the Discipline such as he had contrived it was established on the 20 of November following This new Discipline thus borne into the world was yet crush'd almost in the growth of it by the faction of Perinus at that time Captain of the people and of great power among the many Twelve years together but yet with many luoid intervals did it struggle with that opposition and at the last was in a manner ruined and oppressed by it For whereas the Consistory had given sentence against one 〈◊〉 even in the highest censure of Excommunication the Common-councell not only absolved him from that censure but foolishly decreed That Excommunication and Absolution did properly belong to them Upon this he is again resolved to quit the Town but at last the Controversie is by joynt consent referred unto the judgement of four Cities of the Switzers Then did he labour in particular to consider of it not as a matter of ordinary consequence but as in his said Epistle to those in Zurich De toto Ecclesiae hujus statu c. such as on which the whole being of that Church depended In the end he so contrived it that the answer was returned to Geneva Nil contra tentandum that they should not seek to alter what was so well established and hereupon they were all contented to obey By which means this Infant discipline with such variety of troubles born and nursed attained unto a fair and manly growth and in short space so well improved that it durst bid defiance unto Kings and Princes The chief means by which this new Platforme was admitted in Geneva and afterwards desired in other places was principally that parity and equallty which it seemed to carry the people being as it were a double part in it and so advanced into the highest Magistracy For so the cunning Architect had contrived it that for every pillar of the Church there should be also two Pillasters or rather underproppers of the people Non solos verbi Ministros sedere judices in consistorio sed numerum duplo majorem partim ex minori senatu partim ex majori delige so he in his Remonstrance unto them of Zurich affixed to his Epistle These men they honour with the name of Elders and to them the charge is specially committed of inquiring into the lives of those within their division viz. Sitne domus pacata recte composita c. as the Epistle to Gasp Olevianus doth instruct us By which device there is not only a kind of satisfaction given to the multitude but a great deal of envie is declined by the Ministery which that curious and unneighbourly inquisition would otherwise derive upon them And certainly were there in these Elders as they call them a power only of information the device might be so much the more allowable But that such simple wretches should caper from the shop-board upon the Bench and there be interessed in the weighâ—iest causes of the Church Censure and Ordination is a monster never known among the Antients Especially considering that the minde of these poor Laicks is all the while intent upon their penny and when the Court is risen they hasten to their shops as Quinctius the Dictator did in Flarus to his plough Ut ad opus reâ—ictum festinasse videantur The businesse thus happily succeeding at Geneva and his name continually growing into higher credit his next endevour was to plant that government in all places which with such trouble had been fitted unto one Certainly we do as much affect the issue of our braines as of our bodies and labour with no lesse vehemency to advance them And so it was with him in this particular his after-writings tending mainly to this end that his new Platforme might have found an universall entertainment But this modestly enough and chiefly by way of commendation Two examples only shall be sufficient because I will not be too great a trouble to your Lordship in the collection of a tedious Catalogue Gasper Olevianus a Minister of the Church of Tryers by his Letters bearing date the 12 of Aprill anno 1560. giveth notice unto Calvin of the State of their affaires and withall that he found the people willing to condescend unto a Discipline Calvin in his answer presents him with a summary of that platforme raised lately at Geneva
Colloquie of Guernzey but for that one time it may be such as shall most stand with their convenience IV. 4. The Colloquie shall make choice of those which are to go unto the Synod and shall give unto them Letters of credence CHAP. XX. Of the Synod Article I. 1. THe Synod is an Assembly of Ministers and Elders delegated from the Colloquies of both Islands II. 2. The Synod shall be assembled from two years to two years in Jarsey and Guâ—rnzey by turnes if there be no necessity to exact them oftner in which case those of that Isle where the Synod is thought necessary shall set forwards the businesse by the advice of both Colloquies III. 3. There shall be chosen in every Synod a Minister to moderate in the Assembly and a Clerk to register the acts IV. 4. The Minister of the place where the Assembly shall be holden shall conceive a prayer in the beginning of the first Session V. 5. The Colloquies shall in convenient time mutually advertise each other in generall of those things which they have to motion in the Synod to the end that every one may consider of them more advisedly Which said advertisement shall be given before the Colloquie which precedeth the Synod in as much as possible it may And as for matters of the lesser consequence they shall be imparted on the first day of the Session The Conclusion Those Articles which concern the Discipline are so established that for as much as they are founded upon the word of God they are adjudged immutable And as for those which are meerly Ecclesiasticall i. e. framed and confirmed for the commodity of the Church according to the circumstance of persons time and place they may be altered by the same authority by which they were contrived and ratifyed THE END CHAP. V. 1 Annotations on the Discipline 2 No place in it for the Kings Supremacy 3 Their love to Parity as well in the State as in the Church 4 The covering of the head a sign of liberty 5 The right hands of fellowship 6 Agenda what it is in the notion of the Church The intrusion of the Eldership into Domestical affairs 7 Millets case 8 The brethren superstitious in giving names to children 9 Ambling Communions 10 The holy Discipline made a a third note of the Church 11 Marriage at certain times prohibited by the Discipline 12 Dead bodies anciently not interred in Cities 13 The Baptism of Bels. 14 The brethren under pretence of scandal usurp upon the civil Courts 15 The Discipline incroacheth on our Church by stealth 16 A caution to the Prelates SIc nata Romana superstitio quorum ritus si percensâ—s ridenda quam multa multa etiam miseranda sunt as in an equal case Minutius This is that Helena which lately had almost occasioned 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to put all the cities of our Greece into combustion This that Lemanian Idol before which all the Churches of the world were commanded to fall down and worship this that so holy Discipline so essential to the constitution of a Church that without it Faith and the Sacraments were to be judged unprofitable Egregiam vero laudem spolia ampla How infinitely are we obliged to those most excellent contrivers that first exhibited unto the world so neat a model of Church Government with what praises must we celebrate the memory of those which with such violent industry endevoured to impose upon the world these trim inventions But this I leave unto your Lordship to determine proceeding to some scattered Annnotations on the precedent text wherein I shall not censure their devices but expound them Cap. 1. 3. As bearing chief stroke in the Civil Government For in the Government Ecclesiastical they decline his judgement as incompetent An excellent instance whereof we have in the particular of David Blacke a Minister of Scotland who having in a Sermon traduced the person and government of the King was by the King commanded to appear before him But on the other side the Church revoked the cause unto their tribunal jussit eum judicium illud declinare saith mine Author True it is that in the next chapter they afford him power to correct Blasphemers Atheists and Idolaters but this only as the executioners of their decrees and in the punishment of such whom their assemblies have condemned On the other side they take unto themselves the designation of all those which bear publick office in the Church Chap. 3 7. The appointing and proclaiming all publick fasts Chap. 11. 1. The presidency in their Assemblies Chap. 16. 1. The calling of their Councels Chap. 19. 20. Matters in which consists the life of Soveraignty No marvell then if that party so much dislike the Supremacy of Princes in causes Ecclesiastical as being ex diametro opposed to the Consistorian Monarchy A lesson taught them by their first Patriarch in his Commentaries on the 7. chapter of the Prophet Amos vers 13. in these words and in this particular Qui tantopere extulerunt Henricum Angliae understand the 8. of the name certe fuerunt homines inconsiderati dederunt enim illi summam rerum omnium potestatem hoc me graviter sâ—mper vulneravit Afterwards he is content to permit them so much power as is granted them in the 2. chapter of this Book of Discipline but yet will not have then deal too much in spiritualities Hoc saith he summopere requiritur a regibus ut gladio quo praediti sunt utantur ad cultum dei asserendum Sed interea sunt homines inconsiderati qui facâ—unt eos nimis spirituales So he and so his followers since Chap. 3. 4. No Church officer shall or ought to pretend any superiority or dominion over his companions And in the chapt 1. 2. No one Church shall pretend c. And this indeed this parity is that which all their projects did so mainly drive at these men conceiving of Religion as Philosophers of friendship cum amicitia semper pares aut inveniat aut faciat as in Minutius A parity by those of this party so earnestly affected in the Church the better to introduce it also into the State This was it which principally occasioned G. Buchanan in the Epistle before his libellous Book De jure regnâ— to reckon those common titles of Majesty and Highnesse usually attributed unto Princes inter barbarismos Aulicos amongst the solecisms and absurdities of Courtship This was it which taught Paraeus and the rest that there was a power in the inferiour Magistrates to restrain the person of the Prince and in some cases to depose him This was it which often moved the Scottish Ministery to put the sword into the hands of the multitude and I am verily perswaded that there is no one thing which maketh the brethren so affected to our Parliaments as this that it is a body wherein the Commons have so much sway Chap. 3. 6. Shall first subscribe to the confession of the Faith
begin with Jarsey first as unto which he was to send a new Governour not yet ingaged unto a party and pliable to his instructions Whereas Sir Tho. Leighton still continued in his charge at Guernzey who having had so main a hand in the introduction of the Plat-forme could not be brought with any stomach to intend an alteration of his own counsels But not to lose my self in the search of Princes counsels which commonly are too far removed from vulgar eyes let us content our selves with knowing the event which was that by his means the Isle of Jarsey was reduced unto a Discipline conformable to that of England and thereby an easie way for the reforming also that in Guernzey For the accomplishment of which designe may it please your Lordship to take notice of these reasons following by which it is within my hopes your Lordship possibly may be perswaded to deal in it A Jove principium And here as in a Christian duty I am bound I propose unto your Lordship in the first place the honour which will redound unto the Lord in this particular by the restoring of a Discipline unto the smallest Oratory of his Church which you assure your self to be most answerable to his holy word and to the practice of those blessed spirits the Apostles For why may not I say unto your Lordship as Mardochaus once to Hester though the case be somewhat different Who knoweth whether you be come unto these dignities for such a time as this And why may it not be said of you even in the application unto this particular designment That unto whom so much is given of him also shall much be required Private exployts and undertakings are expected even from private persons But God hath raised up you to publick honours and therefore looks that you should honour him in the advancement and undertaking of such counsels as may concern his Church in publick And certainly if as I verily perswade my self your counsels tend unto the peace and glory of the Chureh the Church I mean whereof you are so principall a member You shall not easily encounter with an object whereon your counsels may be better busied So strangely do these men disgrace your blessed Mother and lay her glory in the dust Two instances hereof I shall present unto your Lordship to set the better edge on your proceedings though otherwise I had forborne to meddle with particulars It pleased his Majesty for the assurance of these Islands to send into each of them two Companies of Souldiers which were equally distributed But such was the peevish obstinacy of one of the Ministers of this Guernzey that he would not allow their Minister to read prayers unto them in his Church at such times when himself and people did not use it At last on much entreaty he was contented to permit it but with expresse condition that he should not either read the Litany or administer the Communion Since when as often as they purpose to receive the Sacrament they have been compelled to ferry over to the Castle and in the great hall there celebrate the holy Supper As little is our Church beholding to them in her Festivals as in her Liturgie For whereas at the Town of St. Peters on the Sea they have a Lecture every Thursday upon which day the Feast of Christs Nativity was solemnized with us in England anno 1623. the same party chose rather to put off the Sermon for that time then that any the smal lest honour might reflect upon the day O curvae in terris animae coelestium inanes An opposition far more superstitious then any ceremony observation of a day though meerly Jewish Next to the honour due to God and to his Church is that which all of us are obliged to tender to our Princes as being Gods by office and nursing fathers of that Church whereof they are Therefore I represent in the next rank unto your Lordship a consideration of the honour which you shall here in do unto your Kings To the one your late Master of happy memory who gave you first his hand to guide you unto greatnesse in the pursuit of his intendments So glorious were the purposes of that Heroick Prince for the secure and flourishing tranquillity of Gods holy Church that certainly it were impiety if any of them be permitted to miscarry To the other our now gratious Soveraign who hath doubled the promotions conferred upon you by his father in being an author to him of those thoughts which may so much redound unto his glory the rather because in case his Majesty should find a time convenient to go forward in his Fathers project of reducing all the Churches Protestant unto one Discipline and Liturgie there might not an objection thwart him drawn from home Otherwise it may perhaps be unto him by some of those which do not fanâ—â— the proposall as Demades once to Philip 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. That first he might do well to compose the differences in his own dominions b 〈…〉 re he motion a consormity to others At the least he may be sure to look for this reply from Scotland when ever he proposeth to them the same businesse The Ministers of Jarsey a before I have shown your Lordship denyed admission to the book of Common-prayer as not imposed upon the Scots 〈◊〉 better reason may the Scots refuse to entertain it as not imposed on those of Guâ—â—zey Besides the honour due to God the Church and to the King there is an honour next in order to the calling of the Priest A calling as much stomached in generall by all that party so most especially reviled by those amongst our selves for Antichristian tyrannous a divelish ordinance a bastardly government and the like Nor do I think that those of Guernzey are better affected to it though more moderate in professing their dislike for did they but approve the hierarchy of Bishops they would not then proceed so unwarrantably as now they do in the ordination of their Ministers I cal it unwarrantable proceeding because the lawful and ordinary door of entrance unto the Ministery was never shut unto this people and therefore their preposterous entry upon this sacred calling either by the back-door or by the window the more unanswerable Whereas it may be pleaded in the behalf of those in some parts beyond the seas that they could not meet with any Bishops which would give them ordination unlesse they would abjure the Gospell as they then profest it and therefore that necessity compelled them to the private way of imposing hands on one another In which particular the case of some reformed Churches may not unfitly be resembled unto that of Scipio as it is related to us in the third book of Valerius Max. cap. 7. upon some want of money for the furtherance of the necessary affaires of state he demanded a supply from the common treasury But when the Questor pretending that it was against the