reason_n in_o a_o treatise_n entitle_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o by_o the_o great_a character_n of_o the_o author_n raise_v afterward_o upon_o better_a ground_n by_o the_o agreeableness_n of_o the_o argument_n to_o the_o present_a age_n and_o by_o its_o have_v pass_v some_o year_n unanswered_a as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v understand_v have_v be_v high_o esteem_v by_o some_o people_n there_o be_v some_o few_o more_o both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a that_o have_v scatter_v among_o their_o write_n something_a upon_o the_o same_o subject_n who_o i_o shall_v refer_v to_o upon_o occasion_n but_o it_o be_v with_o these_o i_o shall_v be_v most_o concern_v and_o chief_o with_o the_o latter_a not_o that_o i_o pretend_v a_o particular_a answer_n to_o every_o thing_n which_o he_o have_v say_v they_o who_o peruse_v that_o treatise_n will_v find_v that_o this_o be_v not_o necessary_a i_o shall_v only_o choose_v out_o such_o argument_n as_o be_v draw_v from_o natural_a principle_n any_o way_n oppose_v what_o i_o have_v lay_v down_o or_o seem_v otherwise_o to_o have_v most_o weight_n in_o they_o according_a to_o the_o method_n which_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v i_o shall_v draw_v up_o the_o most_o considerable_a objection_n which_o i_o have_v meet_v withal_o i_o mean_v in_o the_o author_n above_o mention_v particular_o under_o these_o head_n 1._o such_o as_o be_v make_v against_o self-preservation_n as_o confess_v to_o be_v a_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o general_n 2._o such_o as_o be_v bring_v against_o it_o with_o relation_n to_o god_n propriety_n of_o humane_a life_n and_o either_o deny_v this_o propriety_n or_o else_o allow_v it_o suppose_v that_o man_n may_v kill_v himself_o lawful_o by_o god_n dispensation_n dismission_n call_v or_o summons_n 3._o such_o as_o suppose_v another_o end_n of_o humane_a life_n instead_o of_o that_o abovementioned_a which_o they_o affirm_v may_v cease_v and_o when_o it_o do_v so_o that_o the_o obligation_n of_o self-preservation_n may_v cease_v also_o 4._o such_o as_o relate_v to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v man_n as_o a_o member_n of_o civil_a society_n 8._o *_o see_v chap._n 6_o 7_o 8._o 1._o as_o to_o such_o objection_n as_o be_v make_v against_o self-preservation_n in_o general_n 1648._o general_n dr._n donne_n bâ—…_n p._n 44._o edit_fw-la lond_n 1648._o he_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o though_o self-preservation_n be_v of_o natural_a law_n yet_o that_o natural_a law_n be_v so_o general_a that_o it_o extend_v to_o beast_n more_o than_o to_o we_o because_o they_o can_v compare_v degree_n of_o obligation_n and_o distinction_n of_o duty_n and_o office_n as_o we_o can_v here_o in_o the_o first_o place_v it_o be_v observable_a that_o we_o have_v it_o acknowledge_v that_o self-preservation_n be_v a_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o same_o be_v also_o consess_v by_o the_o stoic_n as_o we_o observe_v before_o that_o this_o law_n extend_v to_o beast_n as_o well_o as_o to_o we_o be_v true_a so_o do_v it_o to_o creature_n inferior_a to_o they_o that_o they_o observe_v it_o better_o than_o we_o do_v be_v also_o true_a but_o that_o they_o be_v more_o oblige_v to_o observe_v it_o than_o we_o be_v which_o i_o suppose_v be_v mean_v by_o its_o extend_v to_o beast_n more_o than_o to_o we_o be_v a_o great_a mistake_n the_o law_n indeed_o be_v general_a but_o the_o obligation_n to_o observe_v it_o be_v more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o rank_n which_o each_o creature_n bear_v in_o the_o creation_n and_o according_a as_o it_o be_v qualify_v to_o obey_v it_o wherefore_o since_o the_o end_n of_o humane_a life_n be_v to_o follow_v reason_n by_o virtue_n since_o by_o the_o same_o power_n of_o reason_n man_n be_v furnish_v with_o better_a mean_n to_o preserve_v his_o life_n to_o this_o great_a end_n he_o must_v be_v more_o oblige_v to_o the_o observation_n of_o this_o law_n than_o other_o inferior_a creature_n and_o where_o the_o law_n be_v plain_a and_o acknowledge_v on_o all_o side_n as_o that_o of_o self-preservation_n be_v here_o as_o there_o can_v be_v no_o occasion_n for_o compare_v of_o degree_n of_o obligation_n or_o of_o any_o distinction_n of_o office_n and_o duty_n so_o the_o make_n use_v of_o these_o prove_v always_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o law_n for_o when_o man_n be_v thus_o show_v their_o part_n they_o general_o distinguish_v away_o their_o duty_n this_o also_o be_v the_o argument_n of_o a_o prejudice_v and_o partial_a temper_n for_o in_o these_o case_n the_o law_n be_v first_o break_v at_o least_o in_o intention_n and_o then_o people_n raise_v up_o a_o number_n of_o little_a nicety_n and_o distinction_n to_o escape_v in_o the_o dust_n of_o they_o as_o if_o reason_n be_v give_v they_o to_o evade_v obedience_n to_o law_n though_o never_o so_o much_o acknowledge_v and_o not_o to_o promote_v it_o this_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o observe_v because_o what_o this_o learned_a author_n say_v here_o be_v to_o make_v way_n for_o all_o that_o he_o say_v afterward_o and_o thus_o he_o go_v on_o 46._o on_o ib._n â—…p_n 46._o self-preservation_n do_v not_o illimitted_o rigorous_o and_o urgent_o bind_v but_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n itself_o thing_n may_v yea_o mun_o neglect_v themselves_o for_o other_o 47._o other_o p._n 47._o rectify_a reason_n only_o belong_v to_o we_o instruct_v we_o often_o to_o prefer_v public_a and_o necessary_a person_n by_o expose_v ourselves_o to_o inevitable_a destruction_n from_o which_o he_o conclude_v 56._o conclude_v p._n 56._o that_o self-preservation_n be_v not_o so_o of_o particular_a a_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o that_o it_o be_v often_o transgress_v natural_o this_o be_v attempt_v to_o be_v prove_v again_o by_o compare_v desert_v and_o destroy_v one_o self_n and_o by_o show_v that_o they_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n after_o which_o he_o will_v have_v it_o that_o 116._o that_o this_o he_o call_v his_o chief_a strength_n p._n 116._o desert_v one_o self_n be_v lawful_a in_o many_o respect_n as_o when_o a_o man_n put_v himself_o upon_o a_o jury_n or_o when_o a_o man_n may_v choose_v to_o repel_v force_n by_o force_n when_o he_o attend_v a_o executioner_n when_o he_o practise_v consume_v penance_n 131._o penance_n p._n 131._o or_o when_o he_o stand_v mute_a at_o the_o bar._n 24._o bar._n p._n 24._o this_o latter_a case_n say_v he_o seem_v to_o be_v justify_v by_o church_n and_o state_n and_o that_o for_o so_o low_a a_o respect_n as_o the_o save_n of_o a_o tempor_n all_o estate_n or_o escape_v the_o ignominy_n of_o another_o death_n these_o instance_n be_v of_o divers_a kind_n and_o may_v be_v thus_o divide_v 1._o into_o such_o as_o relate_v direct_o to_o civil_a society_n which_o shall_v be_v consider_v hereafter_o 2._o such_o we_o concern_v religion_n as_o that_o a_o man_n may_v desert_v himself_o by_o consume_a penance_n which_o be_v not_o true_a if_o consume_v to_o such_o a_o degree_n as_o to_o destroy_v life_n but_o this_o do_v not_o belong_v to_o the_o argument_n in_o hand_n 3._o as_o for_o those_o other_o which_o remain_v it_o can_v be_v prove_v from_o any_o of_o they_o that_o desertion_n of_o one_o self_n be_v lawful_a or_o that_o self-preservation_n may_v be_v transgress_v natural_o upon_o this_o account_n for_o example_n whereas_o it_o be_v say_v that_o a_o man_n may_v choose_v to_o repel_v force_n with_o force_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n this_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n so_o when_o life_n be_v apparent_o in_o danger_n or_o that_o a_o man_n desert_n himself_o by_o attend_v a_o executioner_n this_o can_v be_v because_o he_o have_v forfeit_v his_o life_n to_o the_o public_a and_o that_o too_o by_o his_o own_o consent_n if_o he_o have_v take_v his_o trial_n nor_o do_v he_o desert_n his_o life_n who_o put_v himself_o upon_o a_o jury_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a endeavour_n to_o preserve_v it_o by_o the_o privilege_n which_o that_o ancient_n and_o excellent_a law_n allow_v he_o some_o have_v also_o bring_v instance_n of_o soldier_n and_o seaman_n as_o seek_v death_n lawful_o or_o as_o hasten_v their_o death_n upon_o lawful_a motive_n and_o therefore_o without_o any_o breach_n of_o this_o law_n of_o self_n pâ—…servation_n but_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o weak_a than_o this_o ask_v the_o soldier_n or_o the_o seaman_n whether_o they_o seek_v death_n or_o no_o and_o they_o will_v confess_v that_o on_o the_o contrary_a they_o seek_v a_o livelihood_n if_o not_o why_o do_v the_o brave_a of_o they_o oppose_v those_o who_o will_v bring_v they_o death_n so_o vigorous_o but_o to_o show_v the_o unreasonableness_n of_o such_o pretence_n i_o will_v propose_v a_o case_n much_o strong_a than_o any_o of_o these_o in_o which_o notwithstanding_o the_o law_n of_o self-preservation_n shall_v not_o be_v infringe_v but_o most_o strict_o observe_v upon_o a_o shipwreck_n many_o league_n from_o any_o land_n ten_o person_n
get_v into_o the_o longboat_n who_o be_v drive_v backward_o and_o forward_o for_o many_o day_n and_o their_o provision_n all_o spend_v agree_v to_o cast_v lot_n who_o shall_v be_v first_o eat_v and_o continue_v to_o do_v so_o till_o but_o two_o be_v leave_v be_v this_o lawful_a yes_o certain_o be_v not_o this_o then_o a_o plain_a breach_n of_o the_o law_n of_o self-preservation_n so_o often_o mention_v not_o at_o all_o but_o rather_o the_o observe_v it_o in_o the_o best_a manner_n because_o if_o this_o course_n have_v not_o be_v take_v there_o will_v have_v be_v certain_a death_n to_o they_o all_o in_o a_o few_o hour_n either_o by_o famine_n or_o by_o kill_v one_o another_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o they_o not_o only_o to_o put_v their_o life_n upon_o the_o hazard_n of_o ten_o to_o one_o but_o upon_o equal_a hazard_n as_o the_o two_o last_n must_v do_v because_o a_o hazard_n of_o death_n upon_o the_o hard_a term_n be_v better_a than_o a_o certainty_n of_o it_o all_o this_o then_o be_v do_v as_o the_o use_v the_o best_a the_o only_a way_n to_o preserve_v life_n and_o consequent_o in_o each_o man_n be_v own_o defence_n can_v be_v no_o breach_n of_o the_o law_n of_o self-preservation_n the_o same_o account_n may_v be_v give_v of_o several_a other_o pretend_a instancâ—…s_n of_o desertion_n of_o one_o self_n they_o first_o suppose_v some_o case_n in_o which_o man_n be_v bring_v into_o great_a hazard_n of_o life_n but_o this_o hazard_n they_o conceal_v or_o pass_v over_o slight_o and_o then_o if_o he_o incur_v any_o danger_n in_o order_n to_o preserve_v it_o they_o call_v this_o desertion_n of_o one_o self_n and_o transgress_v the_o law_n of_o self-preservation_n whereas_o the_o do_v so_o be_v the_o most_o faithful_a and_o diligent_a observation_n of_o it_o that_o can_v be_v possible_o as_o for_o the_o other_o instance_n of_o desertion_n when_o any_o person_n accuse_v stand_v mute_a at_o the_o bar_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v allow_v by_o our_o church_n and_o state_n and_o therefore_o bring_v to_o prove_v the_o reasonableness_n of_o destroy_v one_o self_n first_o this_o be_v true_o desert_v of_o a_o man_n self_n so_o far_o he_o be_v in_o the_o right_n because_o it_o be_v the_o refuse_v the_o mean_n of_o avoid_v condemnation_n or_o of_o obtain_v mercy_n afterward_o and_o run_v voluntary_o into_o a_o more_o painful_a death_n than_o any_o which_o he_o can_v fear_v but_o than_o second_o to_o say_v that_o this_o be_v justify_v by_o our_o church_n and_o state_n be_v very_o strange_a because_o the_o person_n who_o be_v thus_o obstinate_a be_v condemn_v to_o suffer_v the_o great_a punishment_n for_o this_o very_a crime_n of_o be_v so_o it_o be_v the_o excellency_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n above_o those_o of_o other_o nation_n that_o as_o they_o have_v the_o great_a tenderness_n in_o the_o case_n of_o life_n so_o they_o have_v the_o great_a care_n in_o the_o case_n of_o propriety_n now_o whereas_o some_o man_n may_v not_o value_v their_o own_o life_n so_o much_o as_o their_o child_n welfare_n and_o whereas_o the_o public_a good_a be_v above_o all_o private_a consideration_n it_o have_v be_v think_v â—…it_n by_o our_o prudent_a ancestor_n to_o deter_v such_o person_n from_o great_a crime_n not_o only_o by_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o their_o life_n but_o also_o by_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o their_o estate_n but_o then_o again_o to_o show_v the_o regard_n which_o they_o have_v to_o propriety_n these_o can_v not_o be_v forfeit_v without_o conviction_n and_o conviction_n can_v not_o be_v without_o plead_v wherefore_o to_o make_v they_o plead_v a_o more_o dreadsul_n death_n diere_z death_n peine_fw-fr forte_fw-fr &_o diere_z as_o the_o name_n import_v if_o due_o put_v in_o execution_n than_o any_o which_o the_o law_n require_v if_o they_o shall_v be_v find_v guilty_a upon_o plead_v be_v threaten_v for_o their_o obstinacy_n so_o that_o the_o law_n do_v not_o leave_v it_o to_o a_o man_n choice_n thus_o if_o you_o will_v stand_v mute_a and_o will_v be_v press_v to_o death_n you_o shall_v save_v your_o estate_n the_o estate_n be_v not_o under_o any_o consideration_n as_o to_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o law_n in_o this_o case_n but_o the_o obstinacy_n of_o refuse_v to_o plead_v which_o be_v punish_v so_o dreadful_o nothing_o can_v be_v great_a detraction_n than_o to_o say_v that_o the_o desert_v of_o one_o self_n in_o this_o manner_n be_v not_o only_o allow_v but_o justify_v in_o this_o nation_n these_o general_a and_o mix_v objection_n belong_v to_o man_n partly_o as_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n and_o partly_o as_o a_o member_n of_o civil_a society_n not_o know_v how_o to_o rank_v under_o any_o particular_a head_n i_o think_v it_o most_o convenient_a to_o bring_v in_o here_o and_o perhaps_o they_o may_v not_o be_v altogether_o unserviceable_a to_o the_o illustrate_v of_o that_o which_o be_v to_o follow_v chap._n vi_o such_o objection_n consider_v as_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o self-preservation_n with_o particular_a relation_n to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v god_n propriety_n of_o humane_a life_n and_o which_o either_o direct_o deny_v this_o propriety_n or_o else_o allow_v it_o pretend_v that_o a_o man_n may_v notwithstanding_o this_o kill_v himself_o lawful_o by_o god_n dispensation_n dismission_n call_v or_o summons_n we_o come_v next_o to_o consider_v such_o argument_n as_o contradict_v the_o propriety_n which_o god_n have_v of_o humane_a life_n this_o be_v oppose_v very_o little_a direct_o as_o be_v too_o manifest_a yet_o as_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a thing_n upon_o which_o the_o controversy_n depend_v many_o offer_n have_v be_v make_v to_o evade_v it_o thus_o it_o be_v say_v â—…2_n say_v bâ—…_n pag._n â—…2_n that_o though_o no_o body_n be_v proper_o lord_n of_o his_o life_n though_o we_o have_v not_o dominion_n 〈◊〉_d have_v usum_fw-la and_o it_o be_v â—…ful_a for_o we_o to_o lose_v that_o when_o we_o will_n but_o how_o lose_v it_o not_o sure_o by_o dâ—…roying_v the_o thing_n itself_o a_o man_n may_v surrender_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o right_a owner_n which_o be_v lend_v he_o and_z provide_v it_o be_v in_o good_a condition_n be_v no_o long_o accountable_a for_o it_o but_o self-killing_a be_v destroy_v life_n and_o destroy_v be_v certain_o a_o very_a strange_a way_n of_o surrender_v ibid._n surrender_v ibid._n suppose_v a_o man_n of_o quality_n shall_v lend_v a_o considerable_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o one_o of_o his_o servant_n to_o who_o he_o take_v a_o sancy_n which_o may_v turn_v if_o he_o will_v to_o his_o certain_a and_o very_o great_a advantage_n and_o this_o fellow_n shall_v run_v to_o a_o gaming-â—…use_a and_o play_v it_o away_o immediate_o and_o his_o lord_n shall_v expoâ—…late_v with_o he_o for_o do_v so_o will_v it_o not_o be_v a_o very_a odd_a answer_n for_o he_o to_o say_v that_o though_o he_o have_v not_o the_o dominium_fw-la of_o the_o money_n yet_o he_o have_v the_o usum_fw-la of_o it_o and_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o he_o to_o lose_v that_o when_o he_o will_v the_o application_n be_v easy_a again_o he_o say_v 〈◊〉_d say_v see_v chap_n 〈◊〉_d if_o the_o reason_n why_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d not_o kill_v ourselves_o be_v because_o we_o be_v not_o lord_n of_o our_o own_o life_n but_o only_o god_n then_o the_o sâ—…_n can_v take_v away_o our_o life_n for_o that_o be_v no_o more_o lord_n of_o our_o life_n than_o we_o be_v the_o state_n be_v not_o lord_n of_o any_o man_n life_n by_o any_o full_a dominion_n over_o it_o but_o accidental_o when_o the_o public_a life_n the_o be_v of_o the_o government_n be_v concern_v and_o then_o it_o have_v such_o a_o power_n over_o each_o corrupt_a and_o disobedient_a subject_n as_o each_o man_n have_v over_o any_o corrupt_a limb_n and_o may_v cut_v it_o off_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o rest_n before_o the_o contagion_n reach_v the_o vital_n of_o the_o state_n and_o this_o power_n in_o both_o case_n be_v derive_v from_o god_n who_o though_o he_o reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o full_a propriety_n of_o life_n yet_o he_o must_v be_v suppose_v to_o allow_v man_n the_o mean_v necessary_a to_o preserve_v life_n which_o sometime_o can_v possible_o be_v do_v otherwise_o either_o in_o natural_a or_o political_a body_n than_o by_o amputation_n the_o next_o argument_n be_v somewhat_o obscure_a it_o be_v in_o these_o word_n 113._o word_n ib._n p_o 113._o if_o in_o this_o case_n there_o be_v any_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o state_n then_o certain_o it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o state_n to_o licence_n a_o man_n to_o do_v it_o for_o this_o in_o the_o state_n be_v but_o cedere_fw-la in_o re_n sva_fw-la which_o any_o man_n may_v lawful_o do_v here_o two_o thing_n be_v suppose_v if_o i_o be_o not_o mistake_v 1._o that_o there_o can_v
absurd_a than_o that_o contempt_n of_o life_n which_o be_v so_o very_a much_o affect_v by_o some_o people_n which_o injudicious_a poet_n very_o much_o contribute_v too_o what_o then_o to_o have_v a_o hero_n strut_a and_o rant_a against_o life_n when_o either_o he_o have_v make_v it_o miserable_a by_o his_o folly_n or_o be_v incapable_a of_o make_v a_o proper_a use_n of_o it_o by_o his_o ignorance_n not_o to_o know_v what_o to_o do_v with_o life_n be_v not_o to_o know_v what_o to_o do_v with_o reason_n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o man_n in_o the_o world_n who_o despise_v the_o slavery_n of_o reflection_n and_o forecast_n and_o depend_v only_o upon_o the_o gross_a enjoyment_n of_o the_o present_a moment_n and_o then_o whenever_o they_o meet_v with_o opposition_n or_o disappointment_n which_o they_o must_v needs_o do_v often_o they_o quarrel_v with_o life_n and_o be_v for_o part_v with_o it_o immediate_o whereas_o it_o be_v not_o life_n but_o they_o who_o be_v in_o fault_n life_n be_v always_o please_a when_o reason_n be_v faithful_o obey_v when_o this_o be_v forsake_v life_n indeed_o be_v worth_a nothing_o but_o than_o who_o be_v it_o that_o make_v it_o so_o yet_o still_o after_o all_o when_o it_o be_v become_v so_o worthless_a self-murder_n be_v not_o necessary_a because_o the_o cause_n of_o its_o be_v worthless_a may_v be_v remedy_v if_o the_o person_n concern_v please_v and_o he_o can_v no_o soon_o understand_v for_o what_o reason_n life_n be_v despicable_a but_o that_o he_o may_v make_v it_o quite_o otherwise_o by_o pursue_v the_o true_a end_n of_o it_o furthermore_o to_o confirm_v this_o contempt_n of_o life_n they_o plead_v the_o example_n of_o regulus_n and_o other_o who_o have_v suffer_v death_n with_o all_o calmness_n and_o magnanimity_n but_o will_v any_o man_n venture_v to_o say_v serious_o that_o these_o great_a man_n behave_v themselves_o as_o they_o do_v out_o of_o contempt_n of_o life_n or_o despise_v or_o neglect_v self-preservation_n this_o will_v be_v the_o great_a detraction_n 15._o *_o see_v â—…more_fw-la chap._n 15._o there_o seem_v to_o be_v always_o a_o poorness_n and_o meanness_n of_o spirit_n in_o such_o insinuation_n and_o reflection_n as_o these_o life_n be_v a_o thing_n of_o no_o value_n that_o death_n be_v the_o way_n to_o ease_n and_o the_o pain_n not_o great_a nor_o last_a etc._n etc._n how_o much_o great_a will_v it_o be_v for_o a_o man_n to_o acknowledge_v that_o he_o be_v not_o insensible_a of_o the_o terror_n of_o death_n and_o yet_o to_o show_v at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o suffer_v all_o rather_o than_o transgress_v against_o that_o end_n for_o which_o life_n be_v give_v he_o by_o commit_v any_o one_o crime_n wherefore_o when_o we_o consider_v the_o settle_a and_o calm_a resolution_n of_o any_o great_a and_o innocent_a man_n at_o the_o point_n of_o violent_a death_n let_v it_o not_o be_v say_v that_o he_o be_v glad_a to_o die_v out_o of_o any_o contempt_n of_o life_n but_o allow_v he_o to_o have_v have_v a_o natural_a regard_n to_o life_n and_o then_o his_o part_n with_o it_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o virtue_n will_v be_v true_o glorious_a by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v may_v appear_v the_o unreasonableness_n of_o several_a passage_n which_o be_v frequent_o to_o be_v meet_v withal_o in_o the_o write_n of_o the_o stoic_n and_o restant_n and_o see_v lucretius_n lib._n 3._o thus_o speak_v in_o the_o person_n of_o nature_n si_fw-la grata_fw-la fuit_fw-la tibi_fw-la vita_fw-la anteacta_fw-la priorque_fw-la cur_n non_fw-la ut_fw-la plenus_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la conviva_fw-la â—…ecedis_fw-la sin_n ea_fw-la qua_fw-la fructus_fw-la â—…unque_fw-la es_fw-la periere_fw-la profusa_fw-la vitaque_fw-la inoffensu_fw-la est_fw-la cur_n amplius_fw-la addere_fw-la quâ—…eris_fw-la nec_fw-la potsus_fw-la vitæ_fw-la finem_fw-la facis_fw-la atque_fw-la laboris_fw-la nam_fw-la tibi_fw-la praeterea_fw-la quod_fw-la machine_a inveniamque_fw-la quod_fw-la placeat_fw-la nihil_fw-la est_fw-la eadem_fw-la sunt_fw-la omne_fw-la semper_fw-la si_fw-mi tibi_fw-la non_fw-la annis_fw-la corpus_fw-la jam_fw-la marcet_fw-la &_o artus_fw-la confecti_fw-la languent_fw-la eadem_fw-la tamen_fw-la omne_fw-la restant_n epicurean_o and_o which_o have_v be_v receive_v with_o much_o applause_n by_o some_o people_n who_o be_v please_v to_o see_v life_n represent_v as_o a_o dull_a business_n not_o worth_a a_o man_n care_n where_o the_o same_o thing_n come_v over_o and_o over_o again_o because_o their_o own_o be_v so_o curritur_fw-la so_o vid._n epist._n 77._o cogita_fw-la quam_fw-la diâ—…_n jam_fw-la idem_fw-la facias_fw-la 〈◊〉_d cibus_fw-la libido_fw-la per_fw-la hune_v circulum_fw-la curritur_fw-la seneca_n have_v a_o remarkable_a passage_n to_o this_o purpose_n where_o speak_v of_o one_o marcellinus_n voluâ—…_n death_n he_o tell_v we_o he_o be_v persuade_v to_o it_o by_o a_o friend_n of_o he_o a_o stoic_a a_o very_a extraordinary_a person_n especial_o as_o to_o his_o courage_n who_o talk_v to_o he_o to_o this_o purpose_n be_v not_o concern_v dear_a marcellinus_n as_o if_o you_o be_v consult_v about_o a_o matter_n of_o any_o great_a importance_n life_n be_v no_o such_o mighty_a business_n your_o slave_n live_v as_o well_o as_o you_o and_o so_o do_v beast_n too_o consider_v how_o long_o you_o have_v be_v do_v the_o same_o thing_n over_o and_o over_o eat_v sleep_v etc._n etc._n this_o be_v the_o narrow_a circle_n which_o we_o be_v always_o run_v this_o indeed_o be_v a_o very_a dull_a circle_n for_o a_o philosopher_n to_o be_v always_o run_v for_o this_o be_v a_o account_n of_o the_o life_n of_o a_o beast_n and_o not_o of_o a_o man_n but_o the_o end_n of_o humane_a life_n be_v of_o a_o noble_a kind_a to_o regulate_v and_o improve_v a_o man_n be_v own_o action_n to_o do_v good_a to_o mankind_n to_o be_v grateful_a and_o dutiful_a to_o the_o gracious_a author_n of_o his_o be_v and_o for_o this_o to_o be_v exalt_v to_o a_o state_n of_o unerring_a reason_n and_o consummate_a virtue_n it_o be_v true_a sensation_n have_v but_o a_o narrow_a compass_n its_o object_n be_v very_o few_o and_o very_o gross_a and_o therefore_o not_o only_o come_v quick_o round_a but_o become_v dull_a and_o dull_a the_o often_o they_o do_v so_o but_o nothing_o can_v bound_v the_o noble_a range_v of_o reason_n and_o when_o this_o be_v faithful_o obey_v no_o satiety_n ever_o attend_v the_o sweet_a applause_n of_o a_o good_a conscience_n but_o as_o the_o progress_n of_o reason_n be_v endless_a so_o the_o pleasure_n of_o virtue_n be_v immortal_a i_o shall_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n with_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o 3._o a_o montaign'_v essay_n book_n 2._o chap._n 3._o person_n who_o be_v very_o much_o esteem_v by_o the_o gentleman_n who_o be_v chief_o concern_v in_o this_o matter_n the_o opinion_n which_o make_v so_o little_a of_o life_n be_v ridiculous_a for_o it_o be_v our_o be_v it_o be_v all_o we_o have_v thing_n of_o a_o noble_a and_o more_o elevate_v be_v may_v indeed_o accuse_v this_o of_o we_o but_o it_o be_v against_o nature_n to_o contemn_v and_o make_v little_a account_n of_o ourselves_o it_o be_v a_o disease_n particular_a to_o man_n and_o not_o discern_v in_o any_o other_o creature_n to_o hate_v and_o despise_v itself_o chap._n v._o who_o they_o be_v chief_o that_o maintain_v this_o act_n to_o be_v lawful_a the_o stoic_n the_o author_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d method_n propose_v some_o gâ—…neral_a objection_n consider_v which_o be_v bring_v against_o self-preservation_n as_o confess_v to_o be_v a_o law_n of_o nature_n have_v thus_o lay_v down_o those_o natural_a principle_n from_o which_o self-murder_n may_v be_v prove_v unlawful_a from_o the_o right_n which_o god_n have_v reserve_v to_o himself_o over_o humane_a life_n from_o the_o end_n or_o design_n for_o which_o man_n receive_v it_o and_o this_o too_o whether_o he_o be_v consider_v as_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n or_o as_o a_o member_n of_o civil_a society_n have_v also_o â—…hewed_v the_o rise_n and_o extent_n of_o the_o principle_n of_o self-preservation_n and_o in_o what_o respect_v humane_a life_n may_v be_v just_o value_v or_o despise_v i_o come_v now_o to_o inquire_v who_o those_o be_v which_o embrace_v the_o contrary_a opinion_n and_o have_v hold_v and_o maintain_v self-murder_n to_o be_v lawful_a among_o the_o ancient_n the_o stoic_n be_v the_o most_o considerable_a yet_o they_o recommend_v it_o to_o the_o world_n more_o by_o the_o austere_a practice_n of_o some_o popular_a virtue_n than_o by_o any_o solid_a argument_n or_o indeed_o any_o remarkable_a attempt_n to_o prove_v it_o lawful_a yet_o what_o they_o have_v offer_v 10._o offer_v see_v chap_n 10._o shall_v be_v consider_v at_o large_a and_o compare_v with_o their_o other_o principle_n this_o have_v be_v pretend_v to_o more_o particular_o by_o paul_n by_o dr._n donnâ—…_n afterward_o dean_n of_o paul_n a_o gentleman_n of_o our_o own_o country_n with_o much_o show_n of_o learning_n and_o
be_v seem_a goodness_n in_o the_o other_o according_o he_o that_o rob_v ravish_v murder_n may_v plead_v that_o he_o do_v so_o only_o because_o it_o seem_v good_a to_o he_o and_o that_o in_o so_o do_v he_o do_v but_o follow_v nature_n but_o if_o this_o be_v to_o follow_v nature_n if_o the_o ground_n of_o general_n natural_a law_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o appetition_n of_o good_a true_a or_o seem_v then_o how_o absurd_a be_v all_o humane_a law_n and_o how_o unnatural_a be_v all_o court_n of_o justice_n in_o a_o word_n to_o give_v a_o man_n up_o to_o act_v by_o seem_v good_a and_o seem_a evil_n be_v to_o let_v he_o loose_v to_o his_o own_o will_n and_o pleasure_n to_o grant_v he_o wildness_n instead_o of_o liberty_n and_o to_o make_v life_n depend_v upon_o this_o be_v to_o tell_v he_o he_o may_v destroy_v himself_o whenever_o he_o think_v fit_v chap._n viii_o examination_n of_o such_o objection_n as_o be_v bring_v to_o invalidate_v what_o be_v say_v above_o concern_v man_n being_n a_o member_n of_o civil_a society_n and_o the_o unlawfulness_n of_o self-murder_n in_o this_o regard_n also_o application_n of_o what_o have_v be_v say_v to_o the_o coroner_n inquest_n in_o this_o case_n hitherto_o i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o answer_v those_o objection_n which_o may_v seem_v to_o oppose_v what_o i_o have_v say_v to_o prove_v self-murder_n unlawful_a as_o man_n be_v consider_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n i_o come_v now_o to_o examine_v some_o other_o which_o be_v bring_v against_o what_o have_v be_v say_v to_o confirm_v the_o same_o as_o he_o be_v a_o member_n of_o civil_a society_n first_o i_o must_v say_v something_o to_o that_o which_o be_v 44._o be_v chap._n 5._o p._n 44._o above_o mention_v as_o a_o instance_n of_o desert_v one_o self_n lawful_o 46._o lawful_o biath_n p._n 46._o self-preservation_n do_v not_o so_o rigorous_o and_o urgent_o and_o illimited_o bind_v but_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n itself_o thing_n may_v yea_o mun_o neglect_v themselves_o for_o other_o of_o which_o the_o pelican_n be_v a_o instance_n another_o instance_n he_o give_v of_o bee_n too_o from_o whence_o he_o infer_v 47._o infer_v p._n 47._o that_o as_o this_o natural_a instinct_n in_o beast_n so_o rectisied_a reason_n belong_v only_o to_o we_o instruct_v we_o often_o to_o prefer_v public_a and_o necessary_a person_n by_o expose_v ourselves_o to_o inevitable_a destruction_n 128._o destruction_n p._n 128._o we_o may_v lawful_o dispossess_v ourselves_o of_o that_o without_o which_o we_o can_v have_v no_o hope_n to_o sustain_v our_o life_n as_o in_o a_o shipwreck_n a_o private_a man_n may_v give_v his_o plank_n to_o a_o magistrate_n and_o the_o example_n of_o codrus_n curtius_n and_o the_o decci_n and_o the_o approbation_n of_o the_o great_a and_o the_o wise_a nation_n in_o the_o honour_n which_o they_o pay_v to_o their_o memory_n be_v usual_o bring_v in_o upon_o this_o occasiou_n this_o be_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o law_n of_o self-preservation_n may_v be_v dispense_v withal_o in_o regard_n of_o serve_v the_o public_a and_o therefore_o that_o it_o may_v be_v so_o as_o reasonable_o in_o any_o man_n be_v private_a concern_v even_o to_o the_o degree_n of_o kill_v himself_o or_o thus_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n as_o to_o self-preservation_n between_o a_o man_n kill_v himself_n upon_o account_n of_o the_o public_a or_o his_o own_o account_n now_o he_o that_o dispossess_v himself_o upon_o the_o public_a account_n to_o save_v a_o public_a person_n of_o that_o without_o which_o he_o can_v have_v no_o hope_n of_o save_v his_o own_o life_n kill_v himself_o to_o this_o may_v be_v answer_v 1._o that_o the_o use_n of_o instinct_n in_o beast_n be_v to_o preserve_v they_o it_o be_v give_v they_o to_o this_o end_n alone_o instead_o of_o reason_n therefore_o it_o be_v a_o contradiction_n to_o affirm_v that_o any_o beast_n bird_n or_o insect_n destroy_v itself_o by_o instinct_n and_o the_o instance_n here_o bring_v to_o prove_v this_o be_v fabulous_a 2._o that_o the_o more_o reason_n be_v rectify_v in_o man_n the_o more_o he_o will_v understand_v to_o what_o end_n he_o receive_v life_n and_o how_o little_a authority_n he_o have_v to_o dispose_v of_o it_o and_o therefore_o the_o more_o careful_o will_v he_o obey_v the_o law_n of_o self-preservation_n and_o this_o particular_o upon_o the_o consideration_n of_o what_o he_o owe_v the_o public_a 3._o that_o the_o law_n of_o self-preservation_n may_v not_o be_v wilful_o break_v even_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o public_a no_o man_n have_v natural_o any_o authority_n to_o destroy_v himself_o for_o his_o country_n design_o and_o pâ—…ively_o but_o to_o hazard_v his_o life_n only_o as_o to_o the_o instance_n of_o codrus_n curtius_n and_o the_o decci_n what_o they_o do_v be_v ground_v upon_o a_o religious_a or_o superstitious_a persuasion_n which_o they_o obey_v as_o supernatural_a and_o therefore_o can_v be_v use_v to_o prove_v what_o be_v natural_o lawful_a the_o instance_n of_o give_v a_o magiftrate_a a_o plank_n in_o a_o shipwreck_n imply_v only_o great_a hazard_n of_o life_n not_o positive_a destruction_n of_o it_o because_o there_o be_v a_o possibility_n of_o escape_v leave_v and_o because_o the_o intention_n be_v not_o to_o die_v to_o abandon_v all_o care_n of_o one_o self_n but_o to_o take_v care_n of_o another_o first_o to_o make_v this_o more_o plain_a i_o will_v show_v 1._o what_o authority_n the_o public_a power_n wherever_o it_o be_v place_v have_v to_o require_v any_o person_n to_o hazard_v his_o life_n and_o what_o warrant_v that_o person_n have_v to_o hazard_v it_o according_o 2._o the_o difference_n between_o extreme_a hazard_n and_o self-murder_n 1._o what_o authority_n etc._n etc._n in_o this_o consideration_n i_o shall_v have_v no_o regard_n to_o any_o one_o particular_a state_n but_o only_o inquire_v into_o the_o end_n of_o government_n or_o civil_a society_n in_o general_n and_o this_o with_o all_o submission_n imaginable_a the_o end_n of_o civil_a government_n be_v i_o suppose_v the_o promote_a the_o same_o thing_n for_o many_o man_n together_o upon_o which_o their_o true_a happiness_n depend_v as_o consider_v single_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n this_o be_v usual_o call_v the_o public_a good_a that_o be_v each_o man_n be_v private_a good_a as_o he_o be_v man_n consider_v collective_o and_o with_o regard_n to_o the_o general_n welfare_n private_a good_a be_v twofold_a as_o have_v be_v show_v moral_a and_o sensitive_a the_o object_n of_o humane_a law_n must_v be_v twofold_a also_o virtue_n and_o propriety_n and_o the_o promote_a and_o secure_v these_o in_o peace_n from_o all_o enemy_n either_o from_o without_o or_o within_o any_o political_a body_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o true_a natural_a end_n of_o civil_a society_n now_o as_o there_o be_v public_a good_a to_o be_v secure_v so_o in_o order_n to_o this_o there_o must_v be_v public_a power_n over_o every_o particular_a subject_n lodge_v in_o one_o or_o more_o person_n according_a as_o the_o form_n of_o the_o government_n be_v and_o lest_o this_o power_n shall_v be_v either_o dangerous_a or_o to_o no_o purpose_n there_o must_v be_v also_o public_a judgement_n the_o result_n of_o the_o debate_n of_o wise_a and_o upright_a man_n to_o limit_v it_o and_o direct_v it_o furthermore_o whereas_o every_o particular_a state_n must_v be_v consider_v as_o one_o political_a person_n in_o which_o respect_n the_o be_v of_o any_o state_n be_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o public_a life_n and_o the_o wellbeing_a of_o the_o same_o state_n the_o public_a health_n so_o it_o must_v be_v suppose_v that_o the_o public_a power_n must_v be_v such_o as_o be_v proper_a and_o requisite_a to_o defend_v these_o and_o consequent_o that_o it_o must_v extend_v to_o particular_a life_n whenever_o the_o public_a life_n be_v any_o way_n in_o danger_n now_o this_o may_v be_v endanger_v two_o way_n either_o one_a by_o enemy_n within_o the_o state_n corrupt_a and_o vicious_a man_n who_o obstruct_v and_o break_v the_o law_n and_o insect_n other_o in_o which_o case_n the_o public_a power_n extend_v to_o the_o actual_a destruction_n of_o such_o particular_a man_n life_n as_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n or_o two_o it_o may_v be_v endanger_v from_o outward_a enemy_n other_o government_n that_o will_v enslave_v or_o destroy_v it_o in_o which_o case_n the_o public_a power_n extend_v to_o the_o oblige_v such_o as_o it_o think_v fit_v to_o hazard_v their_o life_n when_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o public_a preservation_n to_o hazard_v i_o say_v not_o positive_o destroy_v themselves_o as_o when_o a_o blow_n be_v make_v at_o a_o man_n head_n he_o may_v lift_v up_o his_o arm_n to_o defend_v it_o venture_v the_o break_n of_o it_o not_o positive_o break_v it_o which_o he_o have_v no_o right_a to_o do_v
a_o essay_n concern_v self-murder_n wherein_o be_v endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v unlawful_a according_a to_o natural_a principle_n with_o some_o consideration_n upon_o what_o be_v pretend_v from_o the_o say_a principle_n by_o the_o author_n of_o a_o treatise_n entitle_v biathanatos_n and_o other_o by_o j._n adam_n rector_n of_o st._n alban_n woodstreet_n and_o chaplain_n in_o ordinary_a to_o his_o majesty_n london_n print_v for_o tho._n bennet_n at_o the_o half-moon_n in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n 1700._o to_o the_o reverend_n dr._n godolphin_n provost_n of_o eton_n college_n sir_n there_o be_v few_o address_n of_o this_o kind_n where_o the_o writer_n consider_v the_o reputation_n of_o the_o person_n he_o apply_v to_o half_o so_o much_o as_o his_o own_o for_o though_o the_o gratitude_n from_o whence_o they_o flow_v may_v be_v sincere_a yet_o they_o be_v likewise_o very_o glad_a that_o the_o world_n shall_v know_v their_o friend_n or_o patron_n if_o something_o of_o this_o shall_v be_v lay_v to_o my_o charge_n i_o can_v hardly_o acquit_v myself_o since_o it_o be_v not_o i_o confess_v without_o some_o pride_n that_o i_o acknowlâ—…ge_v thus_o public_o the_o great_a obligation_n which_o i_o have_v to_o you_o however_o i_o must_v say_v that_o this_o be_v not_o the_o only_a ground_n of_o my_o apply_v to_o you_o for_o have_v undertake_v the_o defence_n of_o humane_a life_n it_o will_v not_o have_v be_v sufficient_a to_o have_v show_v that_o god_n reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o absolute_a propriety_n of_o it_o and_o that_o he_o impart_v it_o to_o man_n for_o a_o great_a and_o noble_a end_n unless_o i_o have_v give_v some_o instance_n how_o valuable_a how_o glorious_a it_o may_v become_v by_o a_o constant_a pursuit_n of_o that_o end_n where_o then_o can_v i_o have_v meet_v with_o so_o full_a a_o instance_n to_o this_o purpose_n as_o in_o the_o example_n of_o your_o life_n where_o such_o strength_n of_o reason_n be_v guide_v so_o regular_o by_o revelation_n and_o every_o virtue_n improud_v and_o adorn_v by_o primitive_a piety_n thus_o your_o name_n support_v my_o argument_n at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o my_o protection_n who_o have_v attack_v a_o error_n of_o so_o much_o reputation_n and_o which_o be_v set_v off_o with_o all_o the_o pompous_a boast_n of_o reason_n courage_n honour_n and_o liberty_n by_o which_o man_n choose_v to_o be_v mislead_v rather_o than_o guide_v by_o revelation_n till_o after_o the_o loss_n of_o health_n estate_n and_o a_o good_a conscience_n they_o be_v drive_v to_o seek_v for_o ease_n in_o self-murder_n among_o other_o pretence_n which_o have_v be_v bring_v to_o justify_v this_o act_n one_o of_o the_o most_o popular_a be_v the_o example_n of_o the_o roman_n i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o give_v some_o account_n when_o it_o first_o grow_v in_o vogue_n among_o they_o and_o what_o viâ—…es_v and_o opinion_n make_v way_n for_o it_o how_o from_o a_o people_n natural_o religious_a brave_a and_o disintere_v above_o corruption_n as_o much_o as_o cowardice_n they_o fall_v firstinto_o atheism_n and_o from_o thence_o into_o luxury_n bribery_n and_o treachery_n public_a poverty_n and_o private_a extortion_n which_o end_v at_o last_o in_o the_o slavery_n and_o ruin_n of_o that_o great_a nation_n i_o can_v not_o consider_v this_o without_o a_o melancholic_a reflection_n upon_o my_o own_o country_n formerly_z not_o unlike_o the_o other_o in_o its_o virtue_n as_o its_o enemy_n will_v confess_v for_o their_o own_o credit_n but_o alas_o now_o too_o like_o it_o in_o its_o vice_n as_o its_o best_a friend_n must_v be_v force_v to_o own_o what_o can_v save_v it_o from_o the_o same_o calamity_n but_o the_o restore_n that_o lose_a zeal_n for_o religion_n and_o virtue_n and_o sincere_a love_n of_o the_o public_a good_a and_o what_o one_o family_n can_v contribute_v more_o to_o this_o than_o your_o own_o where_o at_o this_o time_n be_v to_o be_v find_v such_o excellent_a qualification_n for_o support_n and_o ornament_n both_o of_o the_o church_n and_o state_n may_v that_o good_a providence_n which_o upon_o all_o occasion_n have_v be_v so_o favourable_a to_o this_o nation_n make_v you_o his_o happy_a instrument_n to_o this_o purpose_n sir_n your_o most_o humble_a and_o most_o faithful_a servant_n john_n adam_n the_o content_n chap._n i._n man_z consider_v in_o the_o individual_a and_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n of_o humane_a life_n what_o and_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v where_o the_o absolute_a propriety_n of_o it_o be_v to_o be_v place_v page_n 3._o chap._n ii_o concern_v the_o true_a end_n or_o design_n of_o humane_a life_n and_o what_o it_o be_v to_o follow_v nature_n pag._n 11._o chap._n iii_o man_n consider_v as_o a_o member_n of_o civil_a society_n self-murder_n prove_v to_o be_v destructive_a to_o civil_a society_n from_o which_o and_o what_o be_v say_v before_o conclude_v to_o be_v a_o act_n of_o the_o great_a injustice_n and_o therefore_o unlawful_a pag._n 23._o chap._n iu._n of_o the_o rise_n and_o obligation_n of_o self-preservation_n some_o objection_n against_o it_o remove_v how_o far_o humane_a life_n may_v be_v just_o value_v or_o despise_v pag._n 33._o chap._n v._n who_o they_o be_v chief_o that_o maintain_v this_o act_n to_o be_v lawful_a the_o stoic_n the_o author_n of_o biathanatos_n method_n propose_v for_o the_o answer_a objection_n some_o general_a one_o consider_v which_o be_v bring_v against_o self-preservation_n as_o confess_v to_o be_v a_o law_n of_o nature_n pag._n 48._o chap._n vi_o such_o objection_n consider_v as_o be_v offer_v against_o the_o law_n of_o self-preservation_n with_o particular_a relation_n to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v god_n propriety_n of_o humane_a life_n and_o which_o either_o direct_o deny_v this_o propriety_n or_o else_o allow_v it_o pretend_v that_o a_o man_n may_v notwithstanding_o this_o kill_v himself_o lawful_o by_o god_n dispenfation_n dismission_n call_v or_o summons_n pag._n 50._o chap._n vii_o other_o objection_n answer_v by_o which_o they_o will_v introduce_v a_o different_a end_n of_o humane_a life_n as_o the_o measure_n of_o self-preservation_n and_o then_o suppose_v that_o this_o end_n do_v cease_v whensoever_o a_o man_n reason_n tell_v he_o that_o it_o do_v so_o will_v from_o hence_o infer_v that_o his_o obligation_n to_o preserve_v life_n do_v cease_v also_o pag._n 73._o chap._n viii_o examination_n of_o such_o objection_n as_o be_v bring_v to_o invalidate_v what_o be_v say_v above_o as_o to_o man_n be_v a_o member_n of_o civil_a society_n and_o the_o vnlawfulness_n of_o self-murder_n in_o this_o regard_n also_o application_n to_o the_o coroner_n inquest_n in_o this_o case_n pag._n 94_o chap._n ix_o transition_n to_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o this_o treatise_n with_o a_o short_a view_n osâ—…it_fw-la the_o authority_n of_o example_n consider_v several_a instance_n of_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o many_o country_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o self-murder_n examine_v particular_o such_o as_o relate_v to_o the_o roman_n that_o nothing_o can_v be_v borught_v from_o hence_o to_o prove_v self-murder_n to_o be_v natural_a pag._n 131._o chap._n x._o the_o rise_n and_o progress_n of_o the_o stoic_n a_o short_a account_n of_o their_o philosophy_n when_o and_o for_o what_o reason_n it_o spread_v among_o the_o roman_n that_o the_o doctrine_n of_o self-murder_n be_v inconsistent_a with_o their_o other_o principle_n as_o prove_v by_o instance_n from_o their_o great_a author_n seneca_n epictetus_n and_o antoninus_n with_o a_o brief_a character_n of_o each_o pag._n 157._o chap._n xi_o gato_n case_n consider_v in_o particular_a his_o character_n his_o enmity_n against_o caesar_n the_o several_a circumstance_n of_o his_o death_n what_o be_v probable_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o it_o and_o of_o the_o great_a encomium_n which_o be_v give_v he_o afterward_o pag._n 186._o chap._n xii_o concern_v courage_n what_o the_o nature_n object_n and_o use_v of_o it_o be_v as_o humane_a the_o mistake_v concern_v it_o and_o the_o occasion_n of_o they_o that_o self-murder_n be_v not_o the_o natural_a effect_n of_o true_a courage_n pag._n 208._o chap._n xiii_o of_o honour_n that_o this_o be_v twofold_a either_o inward_a a_o principle_n of_o virtue_n or_o outward_a from_o the_o applause_n which_o follow_v upon_o the_o other_o that_o neither_o of_o these_o can_v ever_o require_v self-murder_n the_o mistake_v concern_v honour_n which_o occasion_n it_o objection_n answer_v and_o some_o particular_a case_n consider_v pag._n 225._o chap_n fourteen_o liberty_n the_o last_o plea_n for_o self-murder_n examine_v the_o several_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n of_o that_o liberty_n in_o general_n which_o man_n have_v as_o to_o his_o action_n that_o this_o can_v afford_v no_o pretence_n for_o self-murder_n that_o whatever_o calamity_n what_o grief_n or_o pain_n soever_o afflict_v the_o soul_n or_o may_v be_v suppose_v to_o enslave_v it_o man_n have_v no_o authority_n to_o
to_o punish_v nay_o if_o we_o consider_v he_o as_o a_o member_n of_o civil_a society_n humane_a law_n can_v always_o reach_v that_o which_o be_v natural_o evil_a for_o not_o to_o insist_v upon_o the_o many_o design_n and_o contrivance_n of_o lust_n envy_n or_o revenge_n before_o they_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n how_o many_o evade_v punishment_n after_o they_o have_v be_v execute_v be_v that_o very_o insolent_o by_o interest_n or_o authority_n a_o powerful_a offender_n or_o corrupt_a magistrate_n may_v make_v the_o threat_n of_o positive_a law_n how_o just_a or_o how_o severe_a soever_o to_o signify_v nothing_o wherefore_o either_o there_o must_v be_v no_o end_n at_o all_o of_o humane_a life_n or_o there_o must_v be_v no_o such_o rule_n or_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o obtain_n of_o this_o end_n or_o these_o must_v be_v without_o any_o sanction_n or_o that_o sanction_n must_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n or_o else_o there_o must_v be_v another_o state_n wherein_o those_o who_o transgress_v such_o law_n now_o without_o any_o punishment_n shall_v receive_v what_o be_v their_o due_n hereafter_o 2._o the_o different_a event_n which_o befall_v those_o person_n which_o pursue_v or_o forsake_v the_o end_n for_o which_o humane_a life_n be_v give_v show_v also_o that_o if_o we_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v a_o god_n there_o must_v be_v a_o future_a state_n they_o who_o be_v least_o careful_a to_o pursue_v the_o true_a end_n of_o life_n or_o rather_o who_o most_o industrious_o forsake_v it_o be_v often_o most_o happy_a as_o to_o all_o appearance_n and_o grow_v great_a and_o wealthy_a and_o live_v in_o peace_n and_o honour_n on_o the_o other_o side_n they_o who_o pursue_v this_o end_n most_o faithful_o be_v expose_v to_o great_a suffering_n their_o virtue_n be_v often_o to_o their_o disadvantage_n their_o humility_n patience_n and_o generosity_n encourage_v insolent_a and_o violent_a man_n to_o injure_v and_o oppress_v they_o and_o their_o constancy_n and_o integrity_n bring_v they_o some_o time_n to_o barbarous_a and_o bloody_a death_n so_o that_o man_n indispensible_a duty_n and_o his_o happiness_n as_o to_o this_o world_n be_v often_o inconsistent_a and_o therefore_o we_o must_v conclude_v either_o that_o god_n be_v unjust_a or_o unwise_a in_o propose_v such_o a_o end_n of_o man_n be_v as_o may_v make_v it_o miserable_a nay_o as_o may_v prove_v the_o destruction_n of_o it_o or_o else_o that_o there_o must_v be_v another_o state_n wherein_o those_o who_o pursue_v or_o forsake_v this_o end_n most_o shall_v be_v reward_v or_o punish_v more_o equal_o 3._o man_n be_v capable_a of_o do_v so_o much_o good_a by_o the_o pursue_n of_o this_o end_n that_o he_o can_v receive_v a_o adequate_a reward_n in_o this_o life_n and_o be_v capable_a of_o do_v so_o much_o evil_n by_o act_v against_o it_o that_o he_o can_v be_v make_v to_o suffer_v a_o adequate_a punishment_n and_o therefore_o there_o must_v be_v another_o state_n for_o both_o these_o purpose_n as_o to_o the_o first_o a_o man_n may_v make_v so_o great_a a_o progress_n in_o knowledge_n and_o virtue_n and_o be_v so_o very_o good_a himself_o that_o by_o his_o example_n and_o instruction_n especial_o if_o he_o have_v interest_n and_o power_n in_o the_o world_n he_o may_v retrieve_v many_o from_o ignorance_n and_o vice_n he_o may_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o such_o good_a law_n or_o of_o make_v such_o provision_n for_o the_o unhappy_a as_o may_v extend_v to_o future_a age_n what_o a_o blessing_n be_v a_o wise_a and_o good_a prince_n that_o faithful_o employ_v his_o time_n and_o his_o power_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o his_o subject_n now_o what_o reward_n can_v this_o world_n afford_v that_o can_v be_v any_o way_n proportionable_a to_o such_o a_o person_n virtue_n especial_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o more_o rational_a and_o virtuous_a any_o soul_n be_v the_o more_o it_o must_v be_v above_o whatever_o belong_v to_o sensation_n that_o be_v whatever_o wealth_n honour_n or_o pleasure_n this_o world_n can_v offer_v it_o it_o be_v true_a the_o pleasure_n of_o a_o good_a conscience_n look_v something_o like_o a_o proper_a reward_n in_o such_o case_n but_o alas_o what_o be_v these_o without_o the_o prospect_n of_o a_o better_a state_n and_o how_o much_o must_v they_o be_v check_v and_o damp_v continual_o by_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o shortness_n and_o incertainty_n of_o this_o only_o be_v as_o to_o the_o second_o a_o man_n may_v commit_v so_o much_o wickedness_n he_o may_v be_v guilty_a of_o so_o many_o murder_n he_o may_v spread_v such_o pernicious_a principle_n as_o by_o destroy_v the_o belief_n of_o a_o god_n and_o enervate_v the_o force_n of_o humane_a law_n may_v let_v loose_a the_o most_o furious_a passion_n and_o wild_a appetite_n and_o this_o may_v end_v not_o only_o in_o the_o misery_n of_o the_o present_a age_n but_o infect_v the_o future_a and_o what_o mischief_n be_v not_o a_o vicious_a tyraut_v capable_a of_o do_v the_o worst_a punishment_n that_o can_v be_v inflict_v in_o these_o case_n must_v end_v in_o death_n but_o how_o inconsiderable_a be_v that_o though_o cause_v by_o the_o most_o exquisite_a torment_n if_o compare_v with_o such_o crime_n and_o many_o other_o which_o may_v easy_o be_v suppose_v wherefore_o since_o man_n be_v capable_a of_o do_v more_o good_a or_o evil_a than_o he_o can_v receive_v a_o adequate_a reward_n or_o punishment_n for_o in_o this_o life_n we_o must_v either_o accuse_v that_o god_n who_o make_v he_o so_o of_o want_n of_o wisdom_n goodness_n or_o justice_n or_o else_o allow_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v another_o state_n etc._n etc._n if_o we_o consider_v also_o the_o vast_a capacity_n of_o humane_a nature_n the_o excellency_n of_o those_o faculty_n whereby_o man_n be_v qualify_v for_o pursue_v his_o proper_a end_n how_o much_o they_o set_v he_o above_o all_o other_o creature_n how_o they_o suggest_v to_o he_o natural_o future_a happiness_n and_o misery_n and_o fill_v he_o with_o hope_n and_o fear_n according_o this_o also_o will_v afford_v we_o other_o argument_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n 1._o as_o to_o that_o great_a degree_n of_o capacity_n which_o man_n have_v in_o regard_n to_o other_o creature_n and_o the_o excellency_n of_o those_o faculty_n by_o which_o he_o be_v distinguish_v from_o they_o sup_n they_o vid._n pag._n 13_o 14._o sup_n to_o what_o purpose_n be_v these_o if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o life_n but_o this_o instinct_n and_o sensation_n will_v do_v the_o business_n of_o self-preservation_n as_o well_o in_o man_n as_o in_o beast_n without_o the_o great_a endowment_n of_o reason_n and_o freewill_n by_o the_o misuse_n of_o which_o man_n have_v a_o possibility_n of_o make_v his_o life_n both_o more_o miserable_a and_o short_a than_o they_o can_v they_o so_o that_o these_o power_n which_o he_o value_v himself_o upon_o so_o much_o will_v not_o be_v only_o supersluous_a but_o great_o to_o his_o disadvantage_n wherefore_o as_o the_o very_a place_n of_o these_o faculty_n in_o man_n by_o a_o wise_a and_o sovereign_a be_v show_v that_o he_o be_v make_v for_o a_o great_a end_n than_o only_o to_o continue_v such_o a_o time_n here_o so_o if_o we_o observe_v the_o operation_n of_o they_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o they_o aspire_v to_o something_o great_a than_o this_o world_n can_v afford_v that_o we_o have_v a_o capacity_n too_o great_a to_o rest_v satisfy_v with_o the_o choice_a enjoyment_n here_o that_o our_o reason_n teach_v we_o to_o despise_v they_o and_o raise_v we_o to_o desire_v more_o noble_a object_n and_o more_o solid_a and_o last_a happiness_n etc._n happiness_n see_v that_o late_a learned_a and_o ingenious_a discourse_n concern_v the_o certainty_n and_o necessity_n of_o religion_n in_o general_n pag._n 142_o etc._n etc._n have_v god_n intend_v this_o life_n as_o the_o only_a scene_n of_o man_n happiness_n he_o will_v have_v sit_v and_o proportion_v his_o capacity_n according_o he_o will_v have_v make_v he_o to_o acquiess_v in_o such_o enjoyment_n as_o he_o find_v here_o and_o not_o have_v dispose_v he_o natural_o to_o think_v of_o another_o state_n and_o to_o long_o after_o it_o and_o therefore_o since_o he_o have_v do_v so_o we_o may_v be_v assure_v that_o there_o will_v be_v another_o state_n answerable_a at_o least_o to_o such_o conception_n etc._n conception_n see_v that_o late_a learned_a and_o ingenious_a discourse_n concern_v the_o certainty_n and_o necessity_n of_o religion_n in_o general_n pag._n 142_o etc._n etc._n 2._o this_o be_v also_o evident_a from_o the_o natural_a sense_n of_o evil_a and_o of_o gild_n upon_o commit_v it_o and_o the_o fear_n which_o attend_v it_o otherwise_o man_n will_v be_v the_o most_o wretched_a of_o all_o creature_n to_o no_o purpose_n there_o be_v no_o creature_n that_o feel_v remorse_n upon_o sense_n of_o gild_n or_o that_o dread_v punishment_n according_o
and_o the_o best_a soul_n disturb_v into_o madness_n all_o this_o be_v true_a but_o the_o question_n be_v not_o whether_o a_o man_n may_v not_o lose_v his_o reason_n through_o extreme_a pain_n if_o it_o be_v it_o will_v be_v ready_o grant_v but_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o a_o man_n have_v any_o liberty_n give_v he_o to_o destroy_v himself_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o extreme_a pain_n while_o his_o reason_n still_o remain_v this_o i_o suppose_v he_o have_v not_o for_o the_o reason_n above_o mention_v nay_o madness_n itself_o have_v not_o this_o liberty_n for_o if_o a_o madman_n kill_v himself_o he_o be_v not_o excusable_a upon_o account_n of_o any_o liberty_n which_o he_o have_v to_o do_v so_o more_o than_o other_o people_n but_o because_o he_o know_v not_o what_o he_o do_v nor_o be_v these_o paper_n design_v for_o the_o perusal_n of_o people_n in_o extreme_a pain_n but_o rather_o for_o those_o in_o perfect_a health_n to_o prepare_v they_o if_o perhaps_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o do_v so_o to_o undergo_v it_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v their_o lot_n and_o if_o they_o shall_v happen_v to_o be_v convince_v when_o they_o be_v in_o health_n that_o self-murder_n be_v unlawful_a even_o in_o extreme_a pain_n this_o will_v influence_n their_o mind_n when_o they_o come_v to_o suffer_v it_o they_o will_v not_o venture_v to_o do_v what_o they_o be_v once_o satisfy_v be_v unlawful_a though_o they_o be_v not_o then_o able_a to_o run_v through_o the_o several_a particular_n upon_o which_o their_o conviction_n be_v ground_v the_o last_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n liberty_n be_v that_o ease_n which_o the_o soul_n enjoy_v after_o it_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o body_n in_o relation_n to_o which_o i_o be_o to_o show_v iu._n that_o as_o man_n have_v no_o liberty_n or_o authority_n grant_v he_o to_o destroy_v himself_o upon_o account_n of_o extreme_a pain_n or_o sickness_n so_o if_o he_o presume_v to_o put_v this_o in_o execution_n to_o obtain_v ease_n or_o liberty_n the_o soul_n instead_o of_o enjoy_v any_o such_o liberty_n will_v fall_v into_o a_o state_n of_o great_a slavery_n this_o will_v require_v the_o make_n out_o these_o two_o thing_n 1._o that_o there_o will_v be_v another_o state_n after_o the_o separation_n of_o the_o soul_n from_o the_o body_n wherein_o it_o shall_v be_v accountable_a for_o its_o action_n and_o as_o they_o be_v good_a or_o bad_a be_v reward_v or_o punish_v according_o 2._o that_o self-murder_n be_v one_o of_o the_o worst_a crime_n shall_v be_v liable_a to_o a_o proportionable_a punishment_n the_o first_o of_o these_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o state_n etc._n etc._n be_v very_o seldom_o deny_v by_o those_o who_o acknowledge_v the_o be_v of_o a_o god_n and_o be_v ready_o grant_v nay_o vigorous_o maintain_v by_o the_o gentleman_n with_o who_o i_o have_v be_v chies_o concern_v however_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o complete_n of_o this_o design_n to_o offer_v some_o argument_n for_o the_o proof_n of_o it_o and_o to_o remove_v some_o objection_n which_o be_v usual_o make_v against_o it_o yet_o what_o shall_v be_v do_v to_o this_o purpose_n shall_v be_v only_o what_o may_v be_v natural_o draw_v from_o those_o principle_n which_o i_o lay_v down_o at_o the_o beginning_n for_o if_o those_o be_v true_a than_o this_o will_v follow_v of_o course_n if_o there_o be_v a_o god_n who_o reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o propriety_n of_o humane_a life_n the_o supreme_a and_o absolute_a dominion_n over_o we_o if_o life_n be_v impart_v and_o continue_v to_o man_n for_o a_o particular_a end_n and_o if_o rule_n and_o law_n be_v give_v he_o for_o the_o pursue_v and_o obtain_v that_o end_n if_o theâ—…e_a law_n may_v be_v break_v here_o unpunished_a and_o a_o man_n become_v the_o more_o unhappy_a the_o more_o faithful_o he_o observe_v they_o if_o a_o man_n be_v capable_a of_o do_v more_o good_a than_o he_o can_v receive_v a_o adequate_a reward_n for_o in_o this_o life_n and_o if_o he_o be_v capable_a of_o commit_v more_o evil_a than_o he_o can_v receive_v a_o full_a punishment_n for_o if_o those_o faculty_n which_o give_v he_o this_o capacity_n and_o which_o distinguish_v he_o from_o all_o other_o creature_n suggest_v to_o he_o natural_o reward_v and_o punishment_n and_o fill_v he_o with_o hope_n and_o fear_n according_o than_o it_o will_v be_v allow_v by_o any_o sensible_a and_o unprejudiced_a person_n that_o it_o do_v appear_v even_o by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n that_o there_o must_v be_v such_o a_o state_n hereafter_o let_v we_o consider_v each_o of_o these_o reason_n a_o little_a more_o particular_o 1._o as_o to_o that_o propriety_n which_o god_n reserve_v to_o himself_o over_o humane_a life_n that_o absolute_a dominion_n which_o he_o hold_v and_o exercise_n over_o man_n this_o consider_v withal_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n be_v a_o argument_n that_o he_o will_v take_v a_o account_n of_o his_o action_n hereafter_o it_o be_v true_a all_o other_o creature_n owe_v their_o be_v and_o preservation_n to_o god_n as_o well_o as_o man_n and_o be_v as_o much_o subject_n to_o his_o dominion_n as_o he_o be_v but_o the_o different_a frames_n of_o creature_n show_v that_o god_n will_v exercise_v his_o dominion_n different_o beast_n act_n by_o instinct_n not_o by_o reason_n by_o necessity_n not_o choice_n and_o therefore_o perform_v that_o end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v make_v and_o their_o be_v so_o frame_v be_v a_o plain_a declaration_n that_o god_n will_v not_o exercise_v any_o judicial_a power_n over_o they_o but_o man_n have_v reason_n and_o liberty_n to_o follow_v it_o he_o know_v his_o duty_n have_v natural_a principle_n to_o direct_v he_o in_o it_o freedom_n of_o will_n to_o choose_v whether_o he_o will_v be_v so_o direct_v or_o no_o and_o common_o refuse_v to_o be_v so_o and_o therefore_o act_v contrary_a to_o the_o end_n of_o his_o be_v and_o do_v so_o through_o his_o own_o fault_n god_n who_o give_v he_o such_o a_o frame_n and_o who_o retain_v a_o absolute_a propriety_n and_o dominion_n over_o he_o must_v either_o do_v all_o this_o to_o no_o purpose_n or_o else_o call_v he_o to_o account_v hereafter_o can_v it_o be_v prove_v that_o god_n leave_v we_o whole_o to_o ourselves_o after_o he_o put_v we_o into_o the_o world_n and_o that_o we_o have_v no_o natural_a rule_n to_o act_v by_o or_o that_o we_o can_v maintain_v and_o prolong_v our_o being_n without_o his_o assistance_n there_o may_v be_v some_o ground_n for_o doubt_n in_o this_o matter_n but_o since_o it_o be_v quite_o contrary_a since_o we_o have_v a_o 8._o a_o see_v pag._n 6_o 7_o 8._o inseparable_a dependence_n upon_o he_o since_o he_o have_v give_v we_o such_o frames_n or_o nature_n on_o the_o one_o side_n as_o prove_v we_o to_o be_v accountable_a and_o have_v retain_v such_o a_o propriety_n and_o sovereignty_n over_o we_o on_o the_o other_o as_o gives_z he_o a_o right_a to_o require_v a_o account_n of_o our_o action_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o he_o will_v nay_o that_o he_o 14._o he_o see_v that_o excellent_a treatise_n a_o practical_a discourse_n concern_v future_a judgement_n from_o pag._n 6._o to_o pag._n 14._o must_v require_v it_o according_o 2._o this_o will_v appear_v more_o plain_a if_o we_o come_v to_o consider_v the_o next_o principle_n which_o i_o lay_v down_o at_o the_o 2._o the_o chap._n 2._o beginning_n that_o life_n be_v impart_v to_o we_o for_o a_o particular_a end_n for_o if_o man_n be_v indispensible_o oblige_v to_o pursue_v that_o end_n than_o this_o obligation_n be_v a_o proof_n that_o there_o must_v be_v a_o future_a state_n and_o that_o for_o these_o reason_n follow_v 1._o because_o every_o end_n suppose_v some_o rule_n or_o law_n to_o be_v observe_v for_o the_o obtain_n of_o it_o now_o whatever_o the_o end_n of_o humane_a life_n be_v whether_o it_o be_v the_o follow_v of_o reason_n by_o virtue_n or_o no_o it_o be_v certain_a it_o be_v from_o god_n and_o therefore_o the_o rule_n or_o law_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o pursue_v of_o it_o must_v be_v from_o he_o likewise_o now_o any_o law_n give_v to_o a_o free_a agent_n without_o any_o punishment_n annex_v to_o it_o or_o without_o proper_a provision_n make_v for_o the_o execute_n of_o that_o punishment_n will_v just_o call_v in_o question_n the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n and_o therefore_o we_o can_v suppose_v that_o the_o law_n which_o god_n give_v to_o man_n by_o nature_n shall_v be_v defective_a in_o this_o respect_n and_o yet_o we_o see_v frequent_o that_o all_o such_o punishment_n be_v escape_v in_o this_o life_n if_o we_o consider_v man_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n whatever_o crime_n he_o commit_v against_o himself_o for_o instance_n as_o to_o any_o excess_n or_o intemperance_n sup._n intemperance_n vid._n pag._n 20._o sup._n no_o other_o have_v any_o right_a