the_o personal_a will_n and_o power_n of_o the_o sovereign_n himself_o stand_v in_o his_o high_a estate_n royal._n therefore_o whoever_o read_v the_o author_n that_o write_v in_o defence_n of_o the_o parliament_n must_v consider_v this_o fallacy_n they_o frequent_o use_v that_o he_o do_v not_o apply_v the_o authoritative_a act_n of_o the_o king_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o two_o house_n to_o the_o house_n without_o the_o king_n from_o the_o co-operation_n of_o the_o two_o house_n in_o prepare_v law_n 34._o law_n freeholder_n grand_a inquest_n p._n 34._o the_o late_a 〈◊〉_d since_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o be_v time_n of_o the_o word_n estate_n the_o king_n be_v not_o one_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n be_v it_o endue_v by_o the_o king_n the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o commons_o as_o if_o they_o be_v all_o fellow-commissioner_n and_o the_o unwariness_n of_o some_o of_o the_o penner_n of_o the_o king_n answer_n to_o some_o of_o the_o paper_n of_o the_o two_o 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yet_o he_o say_v the_o king_n be_v the_o head_n begin_v and_o end_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o so_o have_v no_o gradu_fw-la no_o ita_fw-la non_fw-la habet_fw-la parem_fw-la in_o svo_fw-la gradu_fw-la peer_n in_o his_o degree_n yet_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o these_o we_o now_o call_v the_o two_o house_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o distinct_a order_n most_o frequent_o divide_v into_o three_o for_o in_o 10._o in_o as_o queux_v prelate_n ou_fw-fr la_fw-fr clergy_n par_fw-fr eux_fw-fr mesme_n &_o les_fw-fr countess_n &_o baron_n par_fw-fr eux_fw-fr mesme_n chevaler_n &_o gentz_n de_fw-fr countez_fw-fr &_o gentz_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr commune_fw-la par_fw-fr eux_fw-fr mesme_n entreteront_fw-fr prynne_n animadv_n p._n 10._o 6_o e._n 3._o at_o his_o parliament_n at_o york_n the_o record_n say_v that_o on_o the_o friday_n before_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n michael_n the_o prelate_n or_o the_o clergy_n by_o themselves_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n by_o themselves_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o county_n and_o the_o commons_o by_o themselves_o treat_v etc._n etc._n othertime_n we_o find_v the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o great_a man_n and_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o have_v separate_a consultation_n by_o themselves_o and_o to_o give_v their_o several_a answer_n to_o article_n and_o business_n propound_v to_o they_o in_o parliament_n as_o mr._n prynne_n out_o of_o the_o abridgement_n of_o the_o record_n of_o the_o tower_n have_v give_v we_o above_o twenty_o instance_n at_o the_o make_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o praemunire_n 16_o r._n 2._o the_o commons_o pray_v estate_n the_o lord_n spiritual_a lord_n temporal_a and_o commons_o make_v the_o three_o estate_n that_o the_o lord_n as_o well_o spiritual_a as_o temporal_a several_o and_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o parliament_n may_v be_v examine_v how_o they_o think_v of_o that_o matter_n and_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a answer_v by_o themselves_o and_o the_o lord_n temporal_a by_o themselves_o and_o the_o king_n be_v petition_v to_o make_v this_o examination_n so_o in_o 40_o e._n 3._o the_o king_n ask_v the_o house_n whether_o king_n john_n can_v have_v subject_v the_o realm_n as_o he_o do_v the_o prelate_n by_o themselves_o and_o the_o duke_n earls_z and_o baron_n by_o themselves_o give_v their_o answer_n beside_o we_o find_v as_o at_o large_a i_o have_v before_o instance_a in_o the_o last_o chapter_n the_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n be_v only_o in_o side_n &_o dilectione_n and_o the_o baron_n general_o 1._o general_o stat._n 18._o â—_o 6._o c._n 1._o in_o fide_fw-la &_o homagio_fw-la or_o ligeancia_fw-la and_o the_o clergy_n grant_v their_o subsidy_n apart_o and_o distinct_a from_o the_o noble_n beside_o that_o the_o bishop_n be_v to_o be_v esteem_v the_o three_o estate_n be_v clear_a by_o act_n of_o parliament_n for_o it_o be_v question_v 1._o question_v 8_o eliz._n c._n 1._o whether_o the_o make_v bishop_n have_v be_v due_o and_o orderly_o do_v according_a to_o law_n the_o statute_n say_v that_o the_o question_n of_o it_o be_v much_o tend_v to_o the_o slander_n of_o all_o the_o clergy_n be_v 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o great_a state_n of_o the_o realm_n so_o sir_n 36._o sir_n p._n 36._o thomas_n smith_n as_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n i_o have_v note_v distinguish_v the_o two_o house_n into_o three_o estate_n and_o sir_n edward_n 1._o edward_n 4._o instr_n p._n 1._o coke_n say_v express_o that_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n consist_v of_o the_o king_n majesty_n sit_v in_o his_o royal_a politic_a capacity_n and_o the_o three_o state_n of_o the_o realm_n viz._n the_o lord_n spiritual_a lord_n temporal_a and_o commons_o the_o like_o the_o learned_a parliament_n learned_a interpreter_n tit_n parliament_n cowel_n affirm_v sir_n henry_n spelman_n 449._o spelman_n solenne_fw-fr collequium_fw-la omnium_fw-la ordinum_fw-la regni_fw-la authoritate_fw-la solius_fw-la regis_fw-la ad_fw-la consulendum_fw-la statuendumque_fw-la de_fw-la negotiis_fw-la regni_fw-la indictum_fw-la gloss_n p._n 449._o call_v it_o a_o colloquy_n of_o all_o the_o order_n of_o the_o kingdom_n convene_v by_o the_o sole_a authority_n of_o the_o king_n to_o consult_v and_o appoint_v in_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o be_v also_o know_v to_o foreigner_n uninteress_v person_n for_o the_o lord_n argenton_n speak_v how_o subsidy_n be_v grant_v in_o england_n say_v 253._o say_v lib._n 5._o p._n 253._o convocatis_fw-la primis_fw-la ordinibus_fw-la clericis_fw-la &_o laicis_fw-la &_o assentiente_fw-la populo_fw-la and_o bodin_n 6._o bodin_n de_fw-fr repul_n lib._n 6._o whenever_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o constitution_n of_o our_o parliament_n call_v it_o the_o king_n and_o the_o three_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n but_o to_o put_v all_o out_o of_o doubt_n in_o king_n charles_n the_o second_v reign_v it_o be_v determine_v in_o the_o act_n for_o the_o form_n of_o prayer_n for_o the_o five_o of_o november_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o three_o estate_n now_o the_o reason_n why_o in_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o be_v answer_v estate_n why_o in_o some_o of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o be_v write_n the_o king_n be_v call_v the_o three_o estate_n we_o meet_v with_o the_o expression_n of_o make_v the_o king_n the_o three_o estate_n be_v because_o at_o that_o time_n the_o bishop_n be_v vote_v out_o of_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n and_o the_o two_o house_n set_v themselves_o in_o all_o the_o point_n of_o controversy_n in_o opposition_n to_o the_o king_n the_o notion_n of_o a_o triumvirate_n be_v more_o intelligible_a as_o it_o may_v be_v think_v to_o the_o people_n and_o those_o who_o be_v so_o bitter_a enemy_n to_o the_o king_n and_o have_v such_o a_o rebellious_a force_n will_v have_v still_o increase_v the_o people_n aversion_n if_o the_o king_n have_v assert_v his_o royal_a prerogative_n otherwise_o whether_o this_o be_v the_o true_a reason_n or_o the_o oversight_n of_o the_o penner_n of_o his_o majesty_n answer_n i_o will_v not_o undertake_v to_o determine_v but_o i_o be_o induce_v to_o believe_v the_o first_o because_o i_o find_v the_o king_n and_o those_o that_o write_v in_o defence_n of_o his_o cause_n use_v frequent_o this_o way_n of_o argument_n in_o every_o state_n there_o be_v three_o part_n say_v observation_n say_v review_n of_o observation_n one_o the_o king_n order_v to_o write_v for_o he_o capable_a of_o just_a or_o unjust_a sovereignty_n viz._n the_o prince_n nobles_z and_z people_z now_o through_o the_o piety_n of_o our_o lawgive_a prince_n a_o just_a and_o regular_a course_n of_o government_n be_v obtain_v the_o stability_n of_o which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v more_o concern_v in_o the_o power_n of_o make_v law_n than_o in_o any_o other_o power_n belong_v to_o the_o sovereign_n for_o prevent_v of_o innovation_n that_o may_v subvert_v that_o settle_a regularity_n the_o frame_n and_o state_n of_o government_n be_v in_o such_o a_o sort_n establish_v as_o that_o the_o
put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o session_n so_o that_o what_o ever_o bill_n be_v ready_a and_o pass_v not_o the_o royal_a assent_n must_v be_v again_o read_v three_o time_n in_o either_o house_n for_o the_o more_o security_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o insert_v a_o proviso_n that_o the_o session_n be_v not_o thereby_o conclude_v the_o royal_a assent_n be_v give_v two_o way_n first_o patent_n royal_a assent_n by_o patent_n by_o commission_n since_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 33_o h._n 8._o c._n 21._o wherein_o it_o be_v express_v that_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n by_o his_o letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n sign_v by_o his_o hand_n and_o declare_v and_o notify_v in_o his_o absence_n to_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o to_o the_o commons_o assemble_v in_o the_o high_a house_n be_v and_o ever_o be_v of_o as_o good_a strength_n and_o force_n as_o if_o the_o king_n have_v be_v there_o personal_o present_a and_o assent_v open_o and_o public_o to_o the_o same_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o king_n be_v give_v his_o public_a assent_n be_v in_o this_o manner_n the_o king_n come_v in_o person_n in_o his_o parliament-robe_n present_a royal_a assent_n when_o the_o king_n present_a and_o sit_v in_o his_o state_n and_o the_o upper_a house_n sit_v in_o their_o robe_n the_o speaker_n with_o all_o the_o commons_o house_n come_v to_o the_o bar_n of_o the_o lord_n house_n and_o in_o sir_n thomas_n smith_n time_n there_o sir_n th._n smith_n commonwealth_n p._n 45._o speech_n use_v to_o be_v make_v there_o the_o chancellor_n for_o the_o lord_n and_o the_o speaker_n for_o the_o commons_o in_o set_a speech_n return_v the_o prince_n thanks_o for_o that_o he_o have_v so_o great_a care_n of_o the_o good_a government_n of_o his_o people_n and_o for_o call_v they_o together_o to_o advise_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o shall_v be_v for_o the_o reformation_n establish_v and_o ornament_n of_o the_o commonweal_n after_o which_o the_o chancellor_n in_o the_o prince_n name_n give_v thanks_o to_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o for_o their_o pain_n and_o travel_v take_v which_o he_o say_v the_o prince_n will_v remember_v and_o recompense_v when_o time_n and_o occasion_n shall_v serve_v and_o that_o the_o prince_n be_v ready_a to_o declare_v his_o pleasure_n concern_v their_o proceed_n whereby_o the_o same_o may_v have_v perfect_a life_n and_o accomplishment_n by_o his_o princely_a authority_n i_o think_v now_o most_o 182._o hackwell_n of_o pass_v of_o bill_n p._n 181_o 182._o the_o speaker_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o make_v a_o speech_n acquaint_v the_o king_n with_o the_o purport_n of_o the_o bill_n then_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o crown_n read_v the_o title_n of_o the_o bill_n in_o such_o order_n as_o they_o be_v in_o consequence_n after_o the_o title_n of_o every_o bill_n be_v read_v single_o dissent_n the_o clerk_n of_o the_o crown_n pronounce_v the_o royal_a assent_n or_o dissent_n the_o clerk_n of_o the_o parliament_n pronounce_v the_o royal_a assent_n according_a to_o certain_a instruction_n give_v from_o his_o majesty_n in_o that_o behalf_n if_o it_o be_v a_o public_a bill_n to_o which_o the_o king_n assent_v the_o answer_n be_v le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr le_fw-fr veult_n the_o king_n will_v if_o a_o private_a bill_n allow_v by_o the_o king_n the_o answer_n be_v soit_fw-fr fait_fw-fr comme_fw-fr il_fw-fr est_fw-fr desire_n let_v it_o be_v do_v as_o it_o be_v desire_v and_o upon_o a_o petitionary_a bill_n the_o like_a be_v use_v if_o it_o be_v a_o public_a bill_n which_o the_o king_n forbear_v to_o allow_v he_o say_v le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr se_fw-la avisera_fw-la the_o king_n will_v advise_v to_o a_o subsidy_n bill_n the_o clerk_n pronounce_v le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr remercie_fw-fr ses_fw-fr loyaux_fw-fr subject_n accept_v leur_fw-fr benevolence_n &_o aussi_fw-fr le_fw-fr veult_n the_o king_n thank_v his_o loyal_a subject_n accept_v their_o benevolence_n and_o also_o will_v to_o a_o general_a pardon_n be_v pronounce_v les_fw-fr prelate_n signior_n &_o communs_n en_fw-fr cest_fw-fr parliament_n assemble_v au_fw-fr nom_fw-fr de_fw-fr tout_fw-fr vous_fw-fr autres_fw-fr subject_n remercient_a tres_fw-fr humblement_n vostre_fw-fr majesty_n &_o prient_a dieu_fw-fr vous_fw-fr donner_fw-fr en_fw-fr sante_fw-it bene_fw-la vie_fw-fr &_o long_o the_o prelate_n lord_n and_o commons_o in_o this_o parliament_n assemble_v in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o your_o other_o subject_n thrice_o humble_o give_v thanks_o to_o your_o majesty_n and_o pray_v god_n to_o give_v you_o in_o health_n a_o good_a life_n and_o long_o these_o 46._o p._n 46._o say_v sir_n thomas_n smith_n be_v take_v now_o as_o perfect_a law_n and_o ordinance_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o none_o other_o and_o as_o short_o as_o may_v be_v be_v print_v except_o it_o be_v some_o private_a act_n make_v for_o the_o benefit_n or_o prejudice_n of_o some_o private_a man_n these_o be_v only_o exemplify_v under_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o parliament_n chap._n xxix_o of_o factious_a combination_n in_o parliament_n i_o hope_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n i_o have_v so_o explain_v the_o constitution_n of_o parliament_n and_o the_o legislative_a power_n that_o unbiased_a and_o unprejudiced_a person_n will_v no_o more_o be_v mislead_v by_o the_o sophism_n and_o plausible_a pretence_n which_o to_o aggrandise_v the_o power_n of_o the_o two_o house_n at_o first_o and_o after_o of_o the_o commons_o house_n only_o the_o penman_n of_o the_o long_a parliament_n make_v use_v of_o yet_o because_o many_o of_o late_o be_v furbish_v the_o rusty_a armour_n of_o their_o demagogue_n and_o trim_v their_o helmet_n with_o fresh_a plume_n i_o conceive_v it_o necessary_a to_o take_v notice_n of_o some_o of_o their_o chief_a argument_n and_o examine_v those_o which_o have_v great_a influence_n upon_o the_o people_n the_o great_a and_o venerable_a name_n of_o parliament_n and_o its_o authority_n be_v constant_o use_v as_o shield_n and_o buckler_n to_o ward_v off_o all_o the_o force_n of_o the_o loyal_a assault_n and_o mr._n prynne_n write_v a_o large_a volume_n which_o he_o style_v the_o sovereign_a power_n of_o parliament_n and_o when_o the_o very_a lees_n and_o dregs_o of_o the_o commons_o house_n be_v put_v in_o ferment_n that_o very_a kilderkin_n will_v admit_v no_o low_a style_n than_o the_o supreme_a authority_n of_o the_o nation_n to_o be_v parch_a on_o its_o bunghole_n therefore_o to_o disabuse_v the_o less_o considerate_a parliament_n the_o various_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n parliament_n and_o to_o detect_v the_o fraud_n of_o those_o which_o under_o that_o great_a name_n apply_v whatever_o they_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o law_n or_o history_n to_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o i_o think_v it_o necessary_a in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o clear_v the_o acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n house_n appropriate_v to_o the_o lord_n house_n sometime_o the_o word_n parliament_n be_v use_v for_o the_o house_n of_o 23._o of_o egerton_n sect_n 4._o 22_o 23._o lord_n only_o as_o when_o upon_o writ_n of_o error_n any_o judgement_n in_o the_o king's-bench_n be_v examine_v in_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n the_o judgement_n be_v say_v to_o be_v affirm_v or_o reverse_v by_o parliament_n the_o appellation_n of_o parliament_n be_v likewise_o use_v for_o the_o two_o house_n house_n to_o both_o the_o house_n in_o regard_n they_o be_v the_o gross_a body_n whereof_o the_o parliament_n consist_v there_o only_o want_v the_o sovereign_a head_n to_o complete_a it_o but_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n that_o they_o can_v co-unite_a to_o be_v a_o entire_a court_n either_o of_o sovereign_n or_o ministerial_a justice_n but_o only_o in_o concur_v in_o vote_n in_o their_o several_a house_n for_o prepare_v of_o matter_n in_o order_n to_o a_o act_n of_o all_o the_o body_n which_o when_o they_o have_v do_v their_o vote_n be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v any_o legal_a authority_n in_o the_o state_n as_o in_o law_n there_o be_v no_o style_n or_o form_n of_o their_o joint_a act_n further_o than_o bill_n nor_o do_v the_o law_n so_o much_o as_o take_v notice_n of_o they_o till_o they_o have_v royal_a assent_n without_o which_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o two_o house_n die_v in_o the_o womb_n like_o a_o embryo_n so_o that_o the_o proper_a use_n of_o the_o word_n parliament_n parliament_n how_o proper_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n as_o authority_n of_o law-making_a be_v annex_v to_o the_o name_n be_v only_o when_o the_o king_n and_o the_o two_o house_n concur_v in_o one_o act_n and_o in_o that_o sense_n only_o be_v the_o parliament_n the_o supreme_a court_n the_o high_a judicatory_a and_o the_o most_o sovereign_a power_n not_o for_o any_o sovereignty_n in_o the_o two_o house_n and_o from_o they_o transfer_v to_o the_o king_n by_o their_o join_n and_o consent_v with_o he_o but_o because_o every_o complete_a and_o perfect_a act_n of_o it_o be_v the_o act_n of_o
proper_o as_o summoner_n render_v it_o with_o the_o advice_n counsel_n instruction_n or_o exhortation_n as_o our_o modern_a word_n lore_n import_v of_o cenred_n my_o father_n and_o head_n my_o bishop_n and_o ercenwold_n my_o bishop_n and_o with_o all_o my_o alderman_n i._n e._n prince_n duke_n earls_z viceroy_n military_a officer_n senators_z or_o minister_n of_o state_n as_o the_o word_n then_o signify_v those_o old_a wites_z i._n e._n principal_a or_o chief_a noble_a man_n chieftain_n governor_n or_o wiseman_n of_o my_o kingdom_n do_v command_n and_o likewise_o with_o mycelre_a somnug_a god_n theowena_n the_o great_a assembly_n congregation_n or_o synagogue_n of_o god_n servant_n i.e._n the_o clergy_n rice_n clergy_n waes_n 〈◊〉_d thaere_n he_o will_v 〈…〉_o &_o be_v thâ—m_o stâ—â—hâ—le_a ure_n rice_n meditate_v or_o study_v the_o health_n of_o our_o soul_n and_o upon_o the_o estate_n or_o establish_n of_o our_o kingdom_n that_o ryht_n ae_n gefasâ—inedâ—_n ae_n not_o aew_n nuptiâ—e_o 〈…〉_o observe_v and_o appear_v in_o the_o 〈…〉_o gefasâ—inedâ—_n and_o ryhte_v cynedomas_fw-la thurh_fw-mi ure_n folc_n gefaestenode_n &_o getrym_v waeron_o that_o right_a law_n and_o right_a or_o just_a judgement_n or_o doom_n of_o the_o king_n or_o office_n and_o dignity_n of_o magistrate_n and_o summoner_n be_v fasten_v or_o establish_v and_o trim_v perfect_v or_o accomplish_v that_o no_o alderman_n or_o under_o our_o jurisdiction_n or_o as_o probable_o the_o compound_v word_n may_v be_v render_v any_o prince_n under_o we_o theoden_a signify_v a_o lord_n prince_n or_o ruler_n or_o as_o in_o the_o saxon_a chronology_n a_o king_n after_o they_o shall_v turn_v from_o break_v corrupt_a or_o change_v awendan_n awendan_n these_o ure_n domas_fw-la these_o our_o decree_n sentence_n or_o ordinance_n then_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n it_o follow_v we_o beoda_v that_o ealle_v folces_fw-la ae_n &_o domas_fw-la thus_o synd_v gehealden_a we_o bid_v or_o command_v that_o all_o our_o people_n shall_v after_o hold_v fast_o or_o observe_v these_o law_n and_o doom_n from_o this_o preface_n the_o candid_a reader_n may_v observe_v first_o preface_n observation_n on_o this_o preface_n that_o king_n be_v the_o gift_n of_o god_n and_o that_o god_n gyffe_n signify_v the_o same_o with_o dei_fw-la gratia_n they_o be_v not_o the_o creature_n of_o the_o people_n second_o that_o prince_n for_o the_o better_a government_n of_o their_o people_n in_o the_o settle_n of_o law_n in_o church_n and_o state_n consult_v deliberate_a and_o advise_v with_o their_o bishop_n noblemen_z and_o eminent_o wise_a man_n of_o their_o kingdom_n who_o for_o their_o wisdom_n they_o honour_v with_o public_a employment_n in_o their_o dominion_n three_o that_o after_o such_o consultation_n deliberation_n and_o advice_n the_o sovereign_a establishethâ—_n and_o institute_v the_o law_n and_o last_o that_o such_o law_n be_v not_o to_o be_v break_v or_o infringe_v by_o the_o judge_n or_o supreme_a officer_n under_o the_o king_n much_o less_o by_o the_o subject_n the_o next_o offa._n next_o spelman_n council_n vol._n 1._o p._n 313._o other_o great_a council_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n of_o offa._n council_n i_o find_v be_v that_o of_o colchyth_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o mercia_n anno_fw-la 793._o wherein_o be_v say_v to_o be_v nine_o king_n present_a viz._n offa_n and_o egferd_v his_o son_n and_o seven_o more_o number_v by_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n fifteen_o bishop_n and_o twenty_o duke_n and_o so_o in_o another_o at_o 314._o at_o id._n p._n 314._o verulam_n it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v under_o offa_n who_o call_v together_o his_o bishop_n and_o optimates_fw-la but_o these_o be_v only_o about_o religious_a matter_n so_o kenulph_n so_o id._n p._n 3â—0_n ad_fw-la aâ—â—um_fw-la 8â—â—_n kenulph_n kenulph_n king_n of_o mercia_n write_v to_o pope_n leo_n the_o iii_o begin_v kenulphus_n gratia_n dei_fw-la rex_fw-la merciorum_fw-la cum_fw-la episcopis_fw-la ducibus_fw-la &_o omni_fw-la sub_fw-la nostra_fw-la ditione_n dignitatis_fw-la gradu_fw-la so_o at_o the_o synod_n at_o 328._o at_o idem_fw-la fâ—â—_n 328._o colichyth_n 6_o kal._n aug._n ann._n dom._n 8â—6_n wulfred_n the_o archbishop_n be_v president_n it_o be_v express_v that_o caenulf_n the_o king_n of_o the_o mercian_n be_v present_a cum_fw-la suis_fw-la principibus_fw-la ducibus_fw-la &_o optimatibus_fw-la so_o we_o find_v a_o synodal_n council_n at_o clovesho_n rum_o clovesho_n iâ—em_o fol._n â—32_n 〈…〉_o rum_o praesidente_fw-la beornâ—lpho_n rege_fw-la merciorum_fw-la and_o wulfrid_n the_o archbishop_n the_o other_z bishop_n abbat_n and_o the_o nobility_n of_o all_o dignity_n treat_v concern_v the_o profit_n of_o ecclesiastical_a and_o secular_a person_n and_o the_o stability_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o which_o i_o shall_v note_v from_o these_o be_v this_o that_o in_o these_o synodal_n council_n sometime_o it_o be_v say_v the_o king_n preside_v other_o time_n the_o archbishop_n but_o most_o all_o the_o person_n that_o constitute_v such_o council_n be_v the_o king_n the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbat_n prior_n and_o the_o optimates_fw-la the_o next_o council_n i_o find_v be_v call_v withlasius_n call_v idem_fw-la pag._n 336._o anno_fw-la 833._o withlasius_n concilium_fw-la pananglicum_fw-la hold_v at_o london_n 26_o may_n anno_fw-la 833._o whereinis_fw-la withlasius_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n give_v several_a immunity_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o croyland_n and_o more_o than_o once_o he_o say_v volo_fw-la &_o praecipio_fw-la and_o this_o he_o say_v he_o do_v in_o the_o proceribus_fw-la the_o in_o praesentia_fw-la dominorum_fw-la meorum_fw-la egberti_fw-la regis_fw-la west-saxoniae_a &_o aethelwulphi_n silij_fw-la ejus_fw-la coram_fw-la pontificibus_fw-la &_o proceribus_fw-la presence_n of_o his_o lord_n egbert_n king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n and_o aethelwulph_n his_o son_n and_o before_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o great_a nobleman_n of_o all_o england_n in_o the_o city_n of_o infestaâ—tes_fw-la of_o majoribus_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o civitate_fw-la londonia_n ubi_fw-la omnes_fw-la congregati_fw-la sumus_fw-la pro_fw-la consilio_fw-la capiendo_fw-la contra_fw-la danicos_fw-la piratas_fw-la litora_fw-la angliae_fw-la assidus_fw-la infestaâ—tes_fw-la london_n where_o they_o be_v all_o gather_v to_o take_v counsel_n against_o the_o danish_a pirate_n daily_o infest_v the_o coast_n of_o england_n therefore_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n judge_v this_o council_n proper_o to_o be_v call_v for_o secular_a affair_n and_o to_o be_v such_o as_o we_o now_o call_v our_o parliament_n the_o witness_n to_o it_o be_v the_o say_v withlase_v the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n celnoth_n and_o eadbald_a archbishop_n of_o york_n and_o after_o nine_o more_o bishop_n and_o three_o abbat_n egbert_n and_o his_o son_n adelwulph_n sign_n and_o after_o they_o wulhard_n athelm_n and_o herenbrith_n duke_n swithin_n the_o king_n presbyter_n and_o bosa_n his_o secretary_n but_o i_o shall_v leave_v these_o and_o come_v to_o more_o direct_a secular_a great_a council_n 900._o the_o law_n of_o king_n alfred_n regnare_fw-la coepit_fw-la 871._o desiit_fw-la 900._o as_o that_o of_o king_n alfred_n who_o in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o his_o law_n recite_v the_o commandment_n and_o law_n by_o god_n appointment_n deliver_v by_o moses_n to_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n to_o be_v observe_v and_o some_o of_o the_o new_a testament_n and_o from_o that_o of_o our_o saviour_n quod_fw-la vobis_fw-la fieri_fw-la non_fw-la velitis_fw-la id_fw-la aliis_fw-la non_fw-la faciatis_fw-la conclude_v that_o jâ—plgment_n of_o right_a aught_o to_o be_v give_v to_o every_o one_o and_o that_o on_o 21._o on_o on_o thissum_fw-la anum_fw-la dome_n mon_fw-fr maege_n gethencean_n that_o he_o aeghwelâ—re_v on_o riht_n gedeme_v ll._n alured_n p._n 21._o this_o one_o sentence_n that_o man_n must_v bethink_v he_o much_o that_o judge_v right_o to_o every_o one_o and_o he_o add_v that_o after_o the_o propagate_a of_o the_o gospel_n in_o england_n as_o well_o as_o in_o other_o place_n be_v gather_v for_o make_v of_o law_n both_o for_o church_n and_o state_n it_o be_v to_o be_v suppose_v he_o mean_v holy_a ibid._n holy_a haligra_fw-la bisceopa_n &_o eac_n othera_fw-la gethungenra_fw-la witena_n ibid._n bishop_n and_o other_o famous_a wise_a man_n or_o wites_z then_o in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o law_n about_o religion_n and_o prefatory_n to_o the_o secular_a law_n he_o say_v i_o alfred_n king_n have_v gather_v het_fw-mi gather_v thae_n togaeder_n gegaderod_v &_o awritan_n het_fw-mi these_o sanction_n together_o and_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v write_v many_o of_o they_o be_v observe_v by_o his_o ancestor_n those_o that_o he_o like_v 22._o like_v tha_z the_o i_o ne_fw-fr licodon_v i_fw-mi awearp_a mid_a minra_fw-la witena_fw-la getheat_n &_o on_o othre_o wifan_n behead_v to_o heoldanne_v ib._n p._n 22._o not_o with_o the_o council_n of_o his_o wites_z he_o reject_v and_o those_o he_o like_v he_o bid_v or_o command_v to_o be_v hold_v and_o conclude_v i_fw-mi than_z aelfred_n west-seaxna_a cyne_n eallum_n minum_fw-la witun_n thae_n geeowde_a &_o hi_o tha_z cwaethon_n that_o he_o that_o licode_v eallum_n to_o healdenne_n which_o thus_o i_o
with_o the_o ensign_n of_o their_o office_n some_o of_o the_o noble_n be_v appoint_v to_o carry_v the_o sword_n and_o the_o cap_n of_o maintenance_n three_o great_a gild_a mace_n be_v carry_v 86._o see_v for_o this_o more_o full_o elsyng_n method_n of_o hold_v parliament_n p._n 86._o and_o all_o the_o herald_n attend_v in_o their_o cloth_n of_o gold_n coat_n the_o two_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n in_o their_o robe_n sit_v upon_o bench_n next_o the_o wall_n on_o the_o right-hand_a and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o great_a officer_n that_o stand_v not_o by_o the_o state_n and_o all_o the_o nobility_n in_o order_n upon_o the_o bench_n on_o the_o lefthand_n or_o on_o the_o form_n that_o stand_v in_o the_o middle_n where_o also_o sit_v the_o judge_n master_n of_o the_o roll_n secretary_n of_o state_n twelve_o master_n of_o chancery_n attorney_n general_n solicitor_n general_n and_z clerk_z of_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o other_o clerk_n assistant_n which_o it_o be_v not_o my_o business_n exact_o to_o describe_v the_o king_n be_v seat_v when_o it_o be_v his_o pleasure_n speaker_n leave_v give_v to_o the_o commons_o to_o choose_v their_o speaker_n the_o house_n of_o commons_o be_v send_v for_o who_o stand_v bare_a at_o the_o lord_n bar_v attend_v the_o king_n speech_n and_o the_o chancellor_n and_o then_o have_v leave_v to_o choose_v their_o speaker_n who_o common_o some_o of_o the_o member_n of_o the_o house_n that_o be_v of_o the_o king_n privy-council_n propose_v and_o if_o any_o one_o oppose_v it_o 127._o it_o hackwel_n p._n 127._o he_o be_v to_o name_v another_o but_o i_o shall_v refer_v the_o curious_a to_o mr._n else_v and_o other_o that_o treat_v of_o this_o at_o large_a sir_n edward_n coke_n 8._o coke_n 4._o instit_fw-la p._n 8._o say_v that_o though_o the_o commons_o be_v to_o choose_v their_o speaker_n yet_o see_v that_o after_o their_o choice_n the_o king_n may_v refuse_v he_o for_o avoid_v expense_n of_o time_n and_o contestate_v about_o it_o the_o use_n be_v as_o in_o the_o congee_n the_o esly_o of_o a_o bishop_n that_o the_o king_n by_o some_o of_o his_o privy-council_n as_o in_o this_o present_a parliament_n be_v do_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o middleton_n on_o of_o his_o majesty_n principal_a secretary_n do_v name_v a_o discreet_a and_o learned_a man_n who_o the_o commons_o elect_v for_o without_o their_o election_n no_o speaker_n can_v be_v appoint_v for_o they_o because_o he_o be_v their_o mouth_n and_o trust_v by_o they_o and_o so_o necessary_a as_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o can_v sit_v without_o he_o so_o that_o if_o he_o be_v total_o disable_v by_o grievous_a sickness_n another_o must_v be_v choose_v in_o his_o place_n as_o he_o instance_v in_o sir_n john_n cheney_n 1_o h._n 4._o and_o sir_n john_n tirrel_n together_o whether_o the_o two_o house_n sit_v together_o 15_o h._n 6._o but_o whereas_o 2._o whereas_o 4._o instit_fw-la c._n 1._o sect_n 2._o he_o affirm_v that_o in_o ancient_a time_n the_o two_o house_n sit_v together_o and_o the_o sure_a mark_n of_o the_o time_n of_o the_o division_n of_o they_o be_v when_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o have_v a_o continual_a speaker_n mr._n prynne_n 9_o prynne_n p._n 8_o 9_o in_o his_o animadversion_n have_v make_v the_o contrary_a very_o clear_a by_o several_a record_n wherein_o it_o be_v express_o say_v they_o consult_v apart_o as_o particular_o in_o 6_o e._n 3._o 6._o 3._o et_fw-fr les_fw-fr chivaler_n des_fw-fr countez_fw-fr &_o gents_n du_fw-fr communs_n par_fw-fr eux_fw-fr mesme_n rot._n parl._n 6_o e._n 3._o num_fw-la 6._o at_o york_n the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o great_a man_n by_o themselves_o and_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o county_n and_o the_o people_n of_o the_o commons_o by_o themselves_o treat_v of_o the_o business_n propound_v to_o they_o another_o 19_o another_o freeholder_n grand_a inquest_n p._n 19_o say_v that_o if_o sir_n edward_n mean_v the_o lord_n and_o commons_o do_v sit_v and_o vote_n together_o in_o one_o body_n few_o will_v believe_v it_o because_o the_o commons_o never_o be_v wont_a to_o lose_v or_o forgo_v any_o of_o their_o liberty_n or_o privilege_n and_o for_o they_o to_o stand_v now_o bare_a where_o they_o be_v use_v to_o sit_v and_o vote_n upon_o this_o supposal_n be_v a_o alteration_n not_o imaginable_a to_o be_v endure_v by_o they_o and_o when_o we_o consider_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o judicature_n in_o the_o lord_n and_o who_o the_o burgess_n be_v in_o old_a time_n it_o still_o make_v it_o more_o improbable_a and_o it_o be_v to_o i_o a_o very_a remarkable_a thing_n that_o neither_o in_o history_n or_o record_n any_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v find_v that_o will_v clear_v this_o doubt_n however_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o 8._o that_o rot._n parl._n 50_o e._n 3._o num_fw-la 8._o 50_o and_o 51_o e._n 3._o the_o commons_o have_v a_o speaker_n and_o sir_n edward_n coke_n 255._o coke_n coke_n instit_fw-la 4._o p._n 255._o say_v that_o the_o accustom_a 84._o accustom_a ancient_a place_n say_v else_v p._n 84._o place_n of_o that_o thrice_o worthy_a assembly_n of_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n of_o parliament_n when_o hold_v in_o westminster_n be_v in_o the_o chapterhouse_n of_o the_o abbot_n of_o westminster_n and_o it_o continue_v so_o till_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o ed._n 6._o c._n 14._o which_o give_v the_o king_n college_n free_a chapel_n etc._n etc._n whereby_o the_o king_n enjoy_v the_o beautiful_a free_a chapel_n of_o st._n stephen_n found_v by_o king_n stephen_n which_o have_v land_n and_o revenue_n of_o the_o old_a yearly_a value_n of_o 1089_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n five_o penny_n since_o which_o time_n the_o chapel_n thereof_o have_v serve_v for_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o when_o parliament_n have_v be_v hold_v at_o westminster_n as_o sir_n edward_n coke_n because_o he_o believe_v the_o two_o house_n sit_v together_o will_v not_o allow_v they_o to_o have_v have_v a_o speaker_n before_o 50_o e._n 3._o so_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n mr._n 123._o mr._n id._n p._n 123._o else_v say_v that_o the_o commons_o ever_o have_v a_o speaker_n none_o will_v doubt_v for_o their_o consultation_n apart_o from_o the_o lord_n though_o he_o think_v they_o often_o meet_v and_o do_v sit_v together_o in_o one_o room_n and_o then_o a_o speaker_n be_v necessary_a to_o avoid_v confusion_n of_o speech_n and_o argument_n but_o he_o bring_v no_o better_a argument_n for_o it_o 207._o it_o lib._n sti._n albani_n bibl._n cotton_n fol._n 207._o than_o that_o petrus_n de_fw-fr mountfort_n house_n mountfort_n it_o shall_v be_v 42_o h._n 3._o that_o peter_n mountfort_n be_v not_o speaker_n of_o the_o commons_o house_n 44_o h._n 3._o sign_v the_o letter_n to_o pope_n alexander_n touch_v the_o recall_v of_o adomar_n elect_v bishop_n of_o winchester_n from_o banishment_n wherein_o they_o say_v if_o the_o king_n and_o the_o regni_fw-la majores_fw-la hoc_fw-la volent_fw-la communitas_fw-la tamin_z ipsius_fw-la in_fw-la angliam_fw-la jam_fw-la nullatenus_fw-la sustineret_fw-la and_o this_o be_v seal_v by_o all_o the_o lord_n and_o by_o peter_n de_fw-fr mountford_n vice_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la which_o he_o say_v show_v plain_o they_o have_v a_o speaker_n in_o answer_n to_o which_o i_o suppose_v it_o a_o great_a mistake_n to_o say_v that_o petrus_n de_fw-fr mountfort_n sign_v the_o letter_n vice_fw-la communitatis_fw-la which_o either_o ignorant_o or_o wilful_o be_v print_v in_o mr._n elsing_n comitatus_fw-la for_o edit_fw-la for_o additament_n math._n paris_n 1132_o 1133._o anno_fw-la dom._n 1258._o 42_o h._n 3._o ult_n edit_fw-la matthew_n paris_n who_o relate_v the_o whole_a story_n say_v it_o be_v sign_v by_o ten_o person_n who_o be_v all_o great_a baron_n vice_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la and_o the_o preface_n of_o the_o letter_n show_v it_o be_v communitas_fw-la comitum_fw-la procerum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o this_o aliorum_fw-la can_v mean_v only_o the_o milites_fw-la which_o hold_v by_o military_a service_n of_o the_o great_a baron_n and_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o be_v no_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o as_o our_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n at_o this_o day_n be_v and_o the_o inscription_n of_o the_o pope_n letter_n show_v who_o he_o understand_v this_o communitas_fw-la to_o be_v when_o he_o superscribe_v it_o dilectis_fw-la filiis_fw-la nobilibus_fw-la viris_fw-la consiliariis_fw-la clarissimi_fw-la in_o christo_fw-la filii_fw-la nostri_fw-la illustris_fw-la regis_fw-la angliae_fw-la ac_fw-la caeteris_fw-la proceribus_fw-la &_o magnatibus_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la now_o the_o person_n that_o subscribe_v this_o be_v thus_o rank_v by_o matthew_n paris_n r._n de_fw-fr clare_n gloverniae_fw-la &_o herefordiae_fw-la s._n de_fw-fr monteforti_fw-la legriae_fw-la e._n bigod_n marescallus_fw-la angliae_fw-la h._n de_fw-fr bohun_n hertfordiae_fw-la &_o essex_n w._n albemarle_n j._n de_fw-fr placeto_fw-la warewici_fw-la comitis_fw-la h._n bigod_n justiciarius_n angliae_fw-la p._n