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state_n authority_n foreign_a power_n 1,394 5 5.3450 4 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A49842 Observations concerning money and coin and especially those of England Layton, Henry, 1622-1705. 1697 (1697) Wing L755B; Wing O94_CANCELLED; ESTC R43364 50,023 54

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wear_n of_o the_o coin_v piece_n i_o deny_v it_o and_o we_o have_v see_v old_a groat_n wear_v to_o less_o weight_n than_o of_o a_o twopence_n that_o yet_o go_v current_o and_o without_o refusal_n as_o long_o as_o they_o will_v hold_v together_o so_o stat._n 9_o h._n 7.5_o all_o gold_n shall_v be_v currant_n for_o that_o which_o the_o piece_n be_v coin_v for_o and_o so_o for_o all_o manner_n of_o groat_n afore_o the_o time_n of_o shilling_n they_o shall_v be_v currant_n for_o 4_o d._n so_o as_o they_o be_v silver_n not_o clip_v or_o diminish_v otherwise_o than_o by_o ordinary_a wear_n and_o although_o they_o be_v crack_v yet_o they_o shall_v go_v at_o the_o value_n which_o they_o be_v coin_v for_o whence_o it_o be_v not_o that_o bare_a diminution_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o silver_n which_o hinder_v money_n from_o go_v as_o he_o suppose_v but_o that_o criminous_a diminution_n of_o it_o pag._n 9_o he_o say_v man_n do_v not_o bargain_n or_o contract_n for_o denomination_n or_o sound_n 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english_a money_n in_o the_o kingdom_n as_o far_o as_o our_o warlike_a expense_n will_v give_v we_o leave_v he_o say_v the_o debtor_n or_o tenant_n can_v have_v no_o benefit_n by_o it_o and_o i_o say_v the_o creditor_n or_o landlord_n can_v have_v no_o loss_n by_o it_o for_o that_o each_o shall_v pay_v and_o be_v pay_v so_o many_o pound_n of_o lawful_a money_n of_o england_n without_o partiality_n or_o fraud_n whatsoever_o pag._n 50_o speak_v much_o of_o a_o difference_n of_o buy_v and_o pay_v with_o old_a or_o new_a money_n all_o which_o if_o i_o may_v advise_v shall_v be_v put_v out_o of_o door_n and_o all_o the_o heavy_a money_n in_o england_n both_o old_a and_o new_a shall_v be_v bring_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n for_o payment_n of_o his_o army_n in_o foreign_a part_n he_o provide_v new_a and_o light_a money_n and_o pay_v the_o owner_n of_o the_o heavy_a money_n a_o weight_n for_o weight_n in_o his_o new_a and_o light_a money_n and_o of_o a_o equal_a fineness_n viz_o the_o 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it_o give_v no_o effective_a value_n to_o coin_n but_o only_o a_o bare_a denomination_n enough_o confute_v pag._n 64._o his_o discourse_n here_o upon_o trade_n must_v be_v apply_v to_o foreign_a trade_n pag._n 65._o say_v sound_n can_v give_v weight_n to_o silver_n true_a but_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o state_n may_v give_v value_n and_o power_n to_o their_o coin_n as_o beforesaid_a and_o in_o their_o own_o country_n pag._n 69._o go_v all_o along_o upon_o his_o own_o rate_n that_o nothing_o be_v real_o considerable_a in_o money_n but_o the_o weight_n and_o that_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o government_n be_v real_o no_o more_o but_o to_o give_v it_o a_o denomination_n which_o must_v be_v a_o mistake_n unless_o it_o be_v only_o intend_v for_o foreign_a trade_n pag_n 70._o say_v if_o the_o state_n may_v raise_v the_o value_n of_o money_n to_o so_o much_o than_z why_o not_o to_o ten_o time_n so_o much_o and_o where_o must_v they_o stop_v i_o say_v the_o supreme_a power_n of_o a_o 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enough_o desirable_a page_n 81._o if_o our_o coin_n be_v make_v heavy_a in_o time_n of_o king_n edw._n 6._o and_o this_o be_v the_o only_a time_n rara_fw-mi avis_fw-fr in_fw-la terris_fw-la and_o prove_v alteration_n of_o value_n by_o the_o state_n be_v powerful_a and_o effectual_a far_o exceed_v a_o denomination_n or_o be_v only_o a_o mark_n or_o token_n what_o such_o a_o piece_n of_o money_n must_v weigh_v this_o be_v do_v but_o once_o in_o 1000_o year_n and_o the_o lightning_n do_v 14_o time_n in_o the_o space_n of_o about_o 300_o year_n prove_v it_o very_o rare_o profitable_a to_o increase_v the_o weight_n of_o our_o money_n but_o often_o and_o common_o beneficial_a to_o lighten_v it_o which_o have_v not_o now_o be_v do_v since_o queen_n elizabeth_n time_n the_o space_n of_o about_o 90_o year_n during_o which_o time_n our_o neighbour_n have_v make_v great_a alteration_n both_o in_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o their_o money_n page_n 82._o suppose_n or_o surmise_n a_o 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way_n by_o the_o infatuate_a affection_n which_o they_o may_v bear_v to_o a_o diana_n who_o cause_n they_o have_v undertake_v to_o promote_v our_o stamp_a money_n have_v its_o weight_n and_o fineness_n appoint_v as_o well_o as_o its_o value_n and_o may_v be_v weigh_v and_o try_v as_o the_o old_a talent_n and_o denarii_fw-la might_n but_o then_o also_o caesar_n image_n and_o superscription_n make_v their_o current_a coin_n he_o say_v we_o value_v foreign_a money_n only_o by_o its_o weight_n and_o fineness_n and_o that_o be_v true_a and_o we_o know_v and_o find_v that_o they_o do_v so_o by_o we_o and_o therefore_o desire_v it_o but_o our_o own_o money_n in_o our_o own_o country_n have_v always_o be_v and_o i_o hope_v shall_v ever_o continue_v under_o the_o disposal_n of_o our_o government_n and_o the_o authority_n and_o stamp_n thereof_o notwithstanding_o his_o innovate_a and_o fluctuate_a invention_n for_o serve_v of_o a_o present_a turn_n next_o he_o put_v case_n of_o foreign_a trade_n 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the_o very_a vital_n and_o hazard_v of_o its_o whole_a success_n we_o will_v not_o therefore_o desire_v or_o suffer_v so_o great_a a_o sum_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o from_o the_o maintenance_n of_o our_o present_a war_n nor_o can_v we_o suffer_v the_o impolitic_a and_o very_a evil_a management_n of_o our_o money_n and_o the_o grievous_a groan_n and_o affliction_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o people_n thereupon_o bard_o any_o long_o the_o reduce_v guineas_n to_o a_o price_n that_o even_o put_v they_o down_o and_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v export_v fast_o than_o ever_o they_o be_v import_v and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n forbid_v clip'd-money_n without_o provide_v new_a in_o the_o room_n of_o it_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v what_o can_v be_v worse_o contrive_v or_o more_o unlucky_a than_o these_o juncture_n concern_v money_n which_o appear_v more_o and_o more_o grievous_a every_o day_n we_o hope_v god_n will_v provide_v for_o among_o man_n the_o case_n look_v very_o dangerous_a and_o we_o can_v yet_o 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the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o our_o nation_n and_o the_o frequent_a practice_n of_o our_o ancestor_n and_o upon_o this_o rule_n that_o the_o state_n can_v make_v as_o real_a change_n in_o the_o value_n and_o currency_n of_o money_n there_o will_v by_o the_o lightning_n of_o our_o present_a money_n be_v no_o confusion_n or_o injustice_n at_o all_o wrought_v in_o buy_v sell_v or_o any_o other_o other_o way_n of_o contract_n or_o bargain_n whatsoever_o he_o say_v again_o that_o by_o former_a alteration_n of_o money_n never_o be_v there_o a_o penny_n get_v which_o he_o never_o have_v a_o certain_a mean_n to_o know_v whence_o his_o sentence_n seem_v bold_a and_o ignorant_a and_o so_o we_o say_v who_o more_o bold_a than_o the_o blind_a and_o brave_a but_o he_o shall_v have_v say_v not_o only_o that_o they_o do_v not_o get_v by_o it_o but_o that_o they_o never_o avoid_v any_o great_a inconvenience_n by_o it_o but_o that_o they_o often_o do_v and_o that_o we_o now_o seek_v and_o endeavour_v 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and_o raise_v complaint_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n endeavour_v only_o to_o obstruct_v such_o proposal_n as_o be_v study_v and_o intend_v for_o the_o remedy_n of_o they_o next_o he_o say_v guineas_n can_v be_v coin_v at_o amsterdam_n as_o well_o as_o london_n true_a but_o will_v they_o coin_v gold_n which_o go_v at_o 27_o s._n there_o and_o send_v it_o over_o to_o england_n to_o go_v for_o 26_o s._n there_o if_o they_o do_v so_o their_o discretion_n will_v be_v admirable_a but_o they_o be_v no_o such_o fool_n but_o he_o sometime_o admire_v they_o and_o sometime_o impose_v upon_o they_o as_o his_o occasion_n may_v require_v pag_n 4._o he_o speak_v of_o allow_v two_o sort_n of_o money_n the_o one_o light_n and_o the_o other_o heavy_a i_o agree_v that_o will_v be_v very_o inconvenient_a second_o he_o be_v again_o at_o his_o old_a principle_n that_o the_o state_n have_v no_o real_a power_n to_o raise_v or_o depress_v the_o value_n of_o our_o money_n always_o by_o i_o deny_v and_o often_o refute_v still_o he_o insist_o it_o be_v the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o the_o money_n that_o give_v the_o value_n not_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o government_n he_o add_v observe_v that_o i_o say_v that_o have_v be_v often_o enough_o observe_v to_o be_v a_o false_a and_o fallacious_a principle_n direct_o opposite_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o constant_a practice_n of_o our_o kingdom_n the_o forego_v paragraph_n grow_v from_o cast_v my_o eye_n upon_o page_n 2._o instead_o of_o page_n 4._o pag._n 4._o he_o confess_v that_o some_o swede_n and_o dane_n do_v contract_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o our_o milled_a money_n seven_o or_o eight_o year_n ago_o and_o that_o prove_v they_o find_v a_o benefit_n in_o the_o weightiness_n of_o it_o and_o yet_o he_o will_v not_o have_v it_o light_a why_o even_o because_o he_o will_v not_o have_v occasion_n give_v man_n to_o say_v that_o english_a man_n be_v like_o french_a man_n and_o give_v to_o change_v next_o he_o put_v a_o case_n upon_o a_o point_n of_o foreign_a trade_n and_o deal_v wherein_o i_o grant_v our_o state_n authority_n can_v prevail_v for_o that_o authority_n can_v only_o reach_v to_o their_o own_o subject_n so_o his_o case_n be_v grant_v there_o be_v non_fw-fr sequitur_fw-la in_o it_o next_o he_o say_v man_n pretend_v that_o by_o lightning_n our_o money_n it_o will_v keep_v it_o in_o the_o nation_n second_o that_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v rise_v in_o other_o place_n of_o europe_n three_o bullion_n be_v now_o near_o 6_o s._n a_o ounce_n these_o pretence_n he_o say_v be_v the_o chief_a argument_n for_o lightning_n of_o our_o coin_n and_o if_o one_o can_v sound_o confute_v they_o the_o cause_n of_o lightning_n of_o our_o money_n will_v be_v quite_o remove_v and_o take_v away_o true_a they_o will_v be_v so_o well_o then_o say_v he_o i_o will_v answer_v and_o destroy_v they_o all_o in_o a_o few_o word_n viz._n by_o say_v that_o all_o those_o pretence_n and_o assertion_n be_v absolute_o false_a he_o say_v 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be_v take_v which_o be_v likely_a to_o be_v effectual_a to_o that_o purpose_n then_o he_o answer_v it_o must_v be_v do_v by_o a_o due_a care_n of_o trade_n but_o yet_o say_v he_o if_o we_o be_v never_o so_o busy_a in_o trade_n if_o still_o we_o spend_v more_o abroad_o than_o we_o save_v at_o home_n we_o shall_v soon_o become_v break_a tradesman_n and_o be_v so_o indebt_v we_o can_v by_o all_o possible_a mean_n keep_v our_o money_n in_o the_o kingdom_n ergo_fw-la if_o it_o can_v go_v to_o profit_n abroad_o it_o must_v go_v and_o much_o the_o fast_o for_o that_o if_o it_o can_v go_v but_o with_o some_o loss_n to_o the_o receiver_n it_o must_v go_v too_o but_o not_o so_o fast_o nor_o to_o all_o place_n of_o our_o trade_n but_o to_o those_o place_n where_o our_o court_n and_o army_n must_v be_v maintain_v if_o as_o he_o true_o say_v our_o spend_n more_o abroad_o than_o we_o can_v save_v at_o home_n will_v bring_v we_o as_o no_o doubt_n it_o do_v to_o a_o great_a scarcity_n of_o money_n which_o way_n soever_o we_o turn_v ourselves_o for_o a_o remedy_n and_o that_o during_o this_o war_n we_o be_v drive_v by_o necessity_n to_o spend_v for_o maintain_v of_o our_o army_n and_o support_v of_o our_o court_n in_o foreign_a country_n how_o shall_v we_o confide_v in_o the_o candour_n or_o clear_a deal_v of_o our_o author_n who_o mention_n not_o once_o in_o all_o his_o write_n that_o i_o remember_v these_o true_a and_o most_o apparent_a cause_n of_o our_o spend_n more_o abroad_o than_o we_o can_v save_v at_o home_n but_o lay_v the_o whole_a load_n upon_o the_o ill_a management_n of_o our_o trade_n as_o if_o the_o trader_n of_o our_o nation_n be_v but_o milksop_n and_o silly_a fellow_n in_o comparison_n with_o his_o dutch_a favourite_n and_o know_v not_o how_o to_o manage_v their_o trade_n i_o hope_v now_o he_o be_v authorize_v among_o other_o person_n of_o the_o noble_a quality_n to_o inspect_v and_o direct_v the_o management_n of_o it_o we_o shall_v hear_v no_o more_o from_o 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charge_n which_o we_o already_o lie_v under_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o this_o grievous_a and_o last_a war_n and_o will_v you_o now_o go_v about_o to_o over-charge_n we_o again_o with_o new_a imposition_n and_o tax_n on_o that_o behalf_n i_o confess_v that_o i_o do_v go_v about_o to_o do_v so_o but_o to_o the_o great_a grief_n and_o affliction_n of_o my_o mind_n as_o when_o a_o tender_a parent_n or_o kind_a friend_n order_n or_o procure_v a_o joint_n or_o limb_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o from_o his_o correlative_a for_o the_o support_n and_o preservation_n of_o the_o body_n natural_a such_o action_n must_v be_v do_v or_o the_o body_n whether_o natural_a or_o politic_a must_v fall_v under_o apparent_a danger_n of_o a_o utter_a ruin_n it_o pass_v for_o a_o unquestioned_a axiom_n that_o of_o divers_a evil_n of_o suffering_n man_n may_v and_o aught_o in_o reason_n to_o choose_v the_o least_o as_o david_n do_v when_o he_o choose_v three_o day_n pestilence_n in_o the_o land_n our_o 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