Selected quad for the lemma: state_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
state_n	ambassador_n	peace_n	treaty_n	1,027	5	9.4431	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A69788	The history of Poland. vol. 1 in several letters to persons of quality, giving an account of the antient and present state of that kingdom, historical, geographical, physical, political and ecclesiastical ... : with sculptures, and a new map after the best geographers : with several letters relating to physick / by Bern. Connor ... who, in his travels in that country, collected these memoirs from the best authors and his own observations ; publish'd by the care and assistance of Mr. Savage.	Connor, Bernard, 1666?-1698.; Savage, John, 1673-1747.	1698 (1698)	Wing C5888; ESTC R8630	202,052	410

the Opposition of the Lithuanians who did but dishonour their Country by excluding a Piasto yet they ought to choose one to shew the World that if their Ancestors had not done the like oftner it was because they had a mind to avoid the Jealousies which would have arisen between so many Subjects that deserv'd the Crown and that since now there was one present whose Merit was not to be question'd they ought forthwith to elect him Then he proceeded to name John Sobieski with this Character That his Life had been entirely devoted to the Service of the State which even while he was speaking peaceably enjoy'd the Fruits of his late Victory at Chocim and further that this present Happiness was hut a Specimen of what he was able to do for his Country and lastly that the Crown was due to Sobieski out of meer Gratitude and Acknowledgment since it was through his means that they sat there and had a Power to dispose of it The Gentry of Russia being influenc'd by what their Palatin had said immediately declar'd for Sobieski who was a Native of their Province and all the rest of Poland soon follow'd their Example together with some Palatinates of Lithuania brought over by the Management of Prince Radzivil Vice-Chancellor of that Dutchy every one being forward to deserve Favours from one whom they had acknowledg'd for their Prince The Great General of Lithuania being highly displeas'd at all these Proceedings left the Diet in a Heat and together with his Friends march'd out of the Field about Nine at Night no body being able to bring him back Hereupon he immediately enters Protest against this Election alledging that it was against the Constitution of the Kingdom for any King to be chosen without the common Consent The next day being the 20 th of May the Lithuanians return'd into the Field but retir'd after having made their Protestations against this Election whereupon several Senators and Nuncio's were sent to re-cal them but their Answer was that they were going to deliberate upon the Matter and would inform them of their Resolutions by their Deputies The Poles and Lithuanians who had espous'd Sobieski's Interest forthwith commanded the Bishop of Cracow to proclaim him which notwithstanding this Prelate declin'd wisely foreseeing the Disorders so rash an Election might occasion and which might probably end in a Civil War The Deputies of Lithuania arriv'd a little while after whereof the Chief being the Bishop of Vilna Brother to the Grand General deliver'd the Message giving Sobieski the Title only of Grand Marshal yet in the conclusion of his Discourse he told them that he was ready to give his Vote for him but desir'd the proclaiming him might be defer'd till next day to the end the Lithuanians might assist at it and thereby the Election become unanimous which Request of his was readily granted Whereupon the 21 st of May Andrew Trzebicki Bishop of Cracow who presided at the Diet in the room of the Primate Czartoriski just then deceas'd which happen'd very well for Sobieski the Primate having been no Friend of his went with the Senators before the New Prince to the Place of Election where they were met by the Lithuanians with their General Patz at their head who was too politick not to assist there with his whole Family JOHN SOBIESKI was soon after proclaim'd and the Gentry proceeded to sing Te Deum in the Cathedral of Warsaw ending the Day with usual Acclamations and Rejoicings This Prince was descended of a Noble and Antient Family tho none of the most considerable nor richest in the Kingdom His Father James Sobieski was Castellan of Cracovia a Person no less eminent for his Abilities in Affairs of State than renown'd for his Courage and Conduct in the Field He was employ'd in the Year 1621 as Embassador and Plenipotentiary upon a Treaty of Peace which by his Prudence and Address was honourably concluded with Sultan Osman He distinguish'd himself likewise on many other important Occasions and after several other great Services faithfully perform'd for his Country he dy'd in the Year 1646. His Mother was one of the Daughters of Stanislaus Zolkiewski Grand Chancellor and Grand General of the Crown who bravely fought that memorable Battle at Cicora on the 10th of September 1620 and tho he was again five times attack'd by the Turks on the 2d of October in the same Year yet he gallantly repuls'd them till at last being overpower'd with Numbers and forsaken by his Followers he was slain couragiously fighting among the thickest Troops of his Enemies This Prince was carefully educated by his Parents in his Youth and sent to travel into France where his Father bought him a Captain of Horse's Commission which gain'd him great Experience He also travell'd into England Germany and Italy where having observ'd all the different Manners Interests Laws Military Discipline Strength and Policies of those People and in a word all else that was necessary for a Person of Quality to learn in his Travels he at last return'd home when Casimir after several Trials both of his Valour and Discretion and admiring at his great Merit and quick Parts which he had improv'd so well both in Languages Sciences and Military Accomplishments made him first a Colonel of Foot and afterwards Captain of his Guards and from thence advanc'd him gradually through all the Posts of his Army till he arriv'd at being Grand Marshal of the Crown in the room of Lubomirski and Grand General of Poland in the room of Potoski He behav'd himself in all these Employments with that Courage and Prudence as became a Souldier and was reputed the Hero of his Age and the Terrour of the Ottoman Empire He marry'd Mary de la Grange Daughter to the Marquess of Arquien not long since made Cardinal of the Family of La Grange in Nivernois in France She by the contrivance of King Casimir's Queen to whom she was Maid of Honour was first marry'd to Prince Zamoiski one of the greatest Palatins in the Kingdom and after his Death to the Grand General Sobieski by whom she had several Children and amongst the ●●est three hopeful Princes the eldest of which has the Honour to be Brother-in-Law to the Emperour King of Spain King of Portugal and to the Duke of Modena by marrying one of the Princesses of Neuburgh This Prince was not Crown'd till above fifteen Months after his Election during which time he gain'd great Advantages over the Turks and forc'd them to a Peace at Zorowna whereby they were oblig'd to remit the yearly Tribute stipulated for by King Michael but were still to be left in possession of the Fortress of Caminiec At the time of his Election he was pleas'd to promise of his own free Will and Motion that the Queen-Dowager should be provided for sutably to her high Quality and extraordinary Merit as also that the Arrears of the Army should be

the Right Honourable James Vernon Esq Principal Secretary of State Of the Diet or Parliament of Poland and other Courts of Judicature Let. IV. To the Earl of Marlborough Of the Election and Coronation of a King of Poland with the Interregnum Let. V. To the Lord Marquess of Of the Power of the Gentry and Slavery of the People in Poland where the Genius Character and manner of living of the Poles are related Let. VI. To his Grace the Duke of Ormond Of the state of the Army Forts and Military Affairs in Poland Let. VII To his Excellency Monsieur de Cleverskerk Embassador from Holland An Account of the Trade and Riches of Poland as likewise of the City of Dantzic Let. VIII To the Earl of Burlington Of the Origin of the Teutonic Order and the Succession of its great Masters in Prussia and in Livonia with its present State in the Empire Let. IX To Sir Thomas Millington President of the College of Physicians Of the state of Learning of Natural Knowledg and particularly of the Practice of Physick in Poland with an account of some natural things chiefly of a Disease in the Hair peculiar to the Poles call'd Plica Polonica Let. X. From Baron Blomberg his Highness the Duke of Curland's Minister to Dr. Connor Giving an Account of the Duke of Curland's Family Strength and Revenues as likewise the Extent and Products of his Territories Let. XI To the Honourable Mr. Bridges eldest Son to my Lord Chandois and Fellow of the Royal Society Giving an Anatomical Account of the Natural Cause why People must necessarily die of old Age alone attended with no other Disease Let. XII To Explaining the Nature of curable and incurable Wounds demonstrating by Practical Observations and Anatomical Experiments the small number of Wounds which are of themselves absolutely mortal and shewing the true use and common abuse of Styptic Waters and Pouders in the Practice of Surgery A Catalogue of such Authors as have been consulted in both Volumes of this Book whereof some have been quoted and others omitted on account of Consent in Opinion POmponius Mela de Sarmatiâ Commentariolus Hartmanni Schedii de Sarmatiâ Aeneas Sylvius de Poloniâ Lithuania Prussiâ five Borussiâ Martini Cromeri Polonia Alexandri Guagnini Rerum Polonicarum Sigismundi Liberi Baronis in Herberstein Descriptio Lithuaniae Jacobi Pritusii de Provinciis Polonicis Chronicon Poloniae Vincentii Kadlub●●i Matth. de Michovia Chronica Polonorum Polonici Regni tredecem Mutationes Johannes Duglossus Annales Polonorum Salomonis Neugebaveri Historia Polonica Johannes Herburtus à Fulstin Compendium Historiae Polonicae Flosculi Legum Polonicarum Stanislai Orichovii Annales Mariciani Mattbiae Ladovli Constitut Polon Compendium Pastorii Florus Polonicus Johannis Boteri Poloniae Descriptio Historia Reformationis Polonicae Authore Stanistao Lubiensko Equite Polono Stanislai Krzistanowicksi Status Poloniae Simonis Star●●vols●●ii Poloniae Relation Historique de Pologne Par Mons Hauteville Hartk●●●bii Respublica Polonorum Adam Bremensis Seculi IX Scriptor Historia Ecclesiastics Alhini Chronicon Hornii Arca Noae Historia de Vitâ Obitu Sigismundi Augusti Heidenstein de Rebus Polonicis ab exoessii Sigismundi Augusti D●●●●soanorum Clades a Johanne Lasicio Polon●● ●●ob●●slaus Balbinus Historis Bohemiae 〈◊〉 Historia Bohemiae 〈◊〉 Chronica Pomeranie Alberti Cranzii Polonicarum Rerum 〈◊〉 Annal●●s Polon 〈◊〉 I. Regis Poloniae cum Fragmentls 〈◊〉 Vladislai Boloni●● Sueciae Principis Vita Casamir Roy de Pologne Guerre Civili di Poliniae di Alberto Vi●●ina Description d' Vkraine par Beauplan Cuerres des Turcs avec la Pologne Histoire des Cosaques leurs Guerres contre la Pologne La Politique des Polonois 〈◊〉 diere Histoire des Dietes Philippi Honorii de Interregno Grammatica seu Institutio Polonice Linguae Effata Regum Poloniae 〈◊〉 Polonica Books printed for Daniel Brown and Abel Roper 1. FOur Treatises of Physick and Chirurgery 1. A Physico-Medical Essay concerning Alkaly and Acid. 2. Farther Considerations on the said Essay 3. A new Light of Chirurgery 4. The new Light of Chirurgery vindicated from many unjust Aspersions By J. Colebatch a Member of the College of Physicians 2. His Treatise of the Gout 3. His Doctrine of Acids in the Cure of Diseases farther asserted in which is contained some things relating to the History of Blood c. 4. Nature and Qualification of Religion in reference to Civil Society Written by Sam. Puffendorf Counsellor of State to the late King of Sweden Translated from the Original The Present and Antient State of Muscovy in which is inserted all things material to be known in relation to that vast Country with several Sculptures and a new Map A New Map of POLAND Exactly delineated after the best Modern Geographer THE ●●ntient and Present STATE OF ●●OLAND PART I. The Antient State LETTER I. 〈◊〉 the Right Honourable WILLIAM Lord Dartmouth 〈◊〉 the Origin of the Kingdom of Poland with the Succession and Remarkable Actions of its first Dukes from the Year 550 to 830. MY LORD HAving had the good Fortune some Years since to meet your Lordship at Venice in my Travels from France ●●hrough Italy and Germany into Poland I ●●ound that not contented with a superficial ●●nd transitory Account of Places your Genius led you naturally to enquire not only into the Government Laws and Characters of the several Nations you passed through but likewise to examine nicely into their Maxims of State and their different Interests and this that by discovering the Excellency of some of their Constitutions and Defects in others you might like a wise and thinking Patriot admire the Perfections of our own Government Goodness of our Laws and Wisdom of our Senate whereof you your self are so worthy a Member My Lord You may remember that after your Resolution to take Medicines as well as my small Skill in prescribing them had had the good Effect of curing your Lordship at Venice of that acute Disease which made me almost despair of your Recovery I left you at Padua with the Earl of Kildare to gather strength and went thro' Tyrol Bavaria and Austria down the Danube to Vienna where having staid for some time to see the Emperour's Court I set forward with some Noblemen of Poland through Moravia and Silesia to Cracow the Capital City of that Kingdom from whence in eight days we arrived with a numerous Attendance at the King's Court which always resides at Warsaw where I was kindly receiv'd by the late King John Sobieski who did me the Honour to intrust me with the Care of his decaying Health and sometime afterwards his Majesty sent me with her Electoral Highness the Princess Tcresa his only Daughter then married to the Elector of Bavaria to take care likewise of her Health in her long Winter Journey from Warsaw to Brussels which gave me opportunity to come sooner out of that Kingdom than I at first apprehended I cou'd Tho my Lord my chief business both in Poland and other

Minister had Audience who promis'd in the Name of his Master two Millions to pay the Army next to maintain always 4000 Men for the Service of the State out of his own Coffers and lastly to build three Fortresses on the Frontiers of Poland as likewise to found a College for the Polanders in Germany The Prince of Leixin who had Audience next profer'd almost the same on the part of his Nephew the Duke of Lorain To which the Abbot of Riquet also added that the same Prince for whom he likewise spoke was ready to dispute the Crown in single Combat with his Opponent to the end he might obtain it by the most honourable Means But nevertheless the Pride of the latter of these Competitors had not better effect than the Promises of the former In the mean time the Gentry were very impatient at the tediousness of the Diet and at length were ready to go together by the Ears when Opalinski Palatin of Kalisch to appease the Disorder made an elegant Speech alledging That it was meer Madness for them to cut one anothers Throats about choosing of Princes which they never saw and that it would be more prudent to reject them both their Birth and Alliance with the House of Austria being sufficient to merit their Exclusion And proceeding in his Harangue he put them in mind that the Austrian Family providing they persisted to make choice of a Prince out of it might in all probability serve them as it had formerly done the Kingdoms of Bohemia and Hungary and that therefore it was not only unsafe but also contrary to the Constitutions of their Kingdom to have any thing to do with them Hereupon the Tumults began something to abate which gave him encouragement to go on and shew that formerly when Heats grew high a Native meaning Piastus had been chosen who govern'd the Kingdom so prudently that even at 120 Years of Age his Death was regretted These Precautions continued he our Fore-fathers had against the Ambition Envy or Avarice of such as pretended to the Crown Let us therefore quoth he leave the Duke of Neuburg to govern his small Estate and numerous Family and let the Duke of Lorain exhaust his Treasures to recover his Paternal Dominions For our parts a Piasto would be most proper for us as we may find by a serious Reflection on these Divine Words Admitte ad te alienigenam subvertet te Admit a Stranger among ye and he shall undermine and ruin ye By these means the Palatin of Kalisch having pretty well calm'd the turbulent Spirits of the Diet and moreover influenc'd them with kind thoughts of a Piasto he immediately posted together with the Palatin of Posnania to Wiesnowiski then at Warsaw where finding him in the Church of the Recollects they both earnestly begg'd of him to accompany them to the Field of Election which Request after some difficulty he comply'd with Whereupon all three arriving while the Partisans of the two Competitors were ready to go together by the Ears the Palatins of Kalisch and Posnania took occasion to propose Wiesnowiski and the Illustrious House he was descended from soon determin'd the Gentry in his Favour It must be understood that Wiesnowiski was not lineally of the Race of Jagello for that ended with Sigismundus Augustus but collaterally descended from Korybuth Jagello's Brother Mr. Yard who went with Sir Peter Wyche to compliment King Michael on his Accession to the Throne told me lately that the Palatin of Culm acquainted them at Warsaw that when Michael was propos'd the Intention was not to have him elected but only by proposing of him to discover how far the Diet would relish a Native some of the Great Men among them having secret Designs to advance one of themselves to the Throne but which they were unexpectedly disappointed in by the Election of this poor Prince Wiesnowizki was not a little surpriz'd when he heard himself nam'd and which also encreas'd upon him when they seated him by force in the midst of the Assembly and begg'd of him to accept the Crown At first he burst out into Tears and declar'd he was not capable to sustain so great a Burden but the major part of the Diet persisting in their Demands at length he thought fit to acquiesce and accept their Proffers The Dukes of Neuburg and Lorain were hereby immediately depriv'd of their most profess'd Friends But the Lithuanians would by no means accept of a Prince they had not first nam'd and therefore propos'd others This dissenting of theirs occasion'd new Disorders which grew so high that a Gentleman speaking his Mind too freely was cut to pieces on the spot yet at length the latter being the weaker side they were forc'd to comply with the former and confirm Prince Wiesnowiski The Primate not approving of this Election retir'd to his Castle of Lowitz but the Gentry threatned to force him and the Senators intreated him to consent which at length he agreed to and according to custom proclaim'd him It is said that whilst the Palatin of Kalisch was haranguing a Swarm of Bees and a Pigeon happen'd to fly over their Heads which the Poles immediately taking for a good Omen cry'd out unanimously God save King MICHAEL WIESNOWISKI This his Excellency Monsieur de Cleverskerk now Embassador from the States of Holland in England assures me to be true he having been present at Warsaw as a Traveller at the time of this Election King Michael being thus chosen chiefly indeed by the Minor Nobility was proclaim'd by the Primate and crown'd the 17 th of September in the Year 1670 and reign'd to the Year 1673. He married Eleonora of Austria Daughter to Ferdinand III. and Sister to Leopold the present Emperor of Germany by reason of which Alliance Jealousies were rais'd that his Majesty had a mind to make himself Absolute and Hereditary and to subvert the Polish Liberties all which he soon appeas'd by a timely compliance with the Demands of the disaffected This Prince before he was advanc'd to the Throne was very poor subsisting only on a Pension of 6000 Livres which had been charitably allow'd him by King Casimir and his Queen Mary Luduvica di Gonzaga He had 't is true formerly a vast Estate in Vkraina but which the Cosacks were then in possession of He was as I am inform'd Gentleman of the Bed-Chamber to the present Emperor of Germany which yet that Prince did not think sufficient reason to exclude him from marrying his Sister after his Election In the Year 1672 the Cosacks assisted by some Tartars having again fallen to their old Custom of rebelling General Sobieski with the Forces of the Crown soon chastis'd them and forc'd their Leader Doroczinko to retire Hence the Turk took an occasion to quarrel with Poland upon pretence he had taken the Cosacks into his Protection whom he would needs have to be opprest This King was by no means

out How can our Gods dissemble with these wicked Christians so far as to suffer 'em to profane their Divinities with unhallowed hands when if we had but offer'd to injure them in the least we always immediately underwent their Revenge But at length when they perceiv'd no Judgment to follow the suppos'd Sacrilege of the Poles they unanimously acknowlegd'd their false Worship and consented to be baptiz'd whereof about thirty thousand were brought to the Font in one day From henceforward the Lithuanians have for the major part continued Christians tho there are yet some Idolaters among them of different Beliefs towards the Frontiers of Moscovy and Samogitia in the great Woods who still worship Serpents c. as they used to do There are also in this Great Dutchy about thirty thousand Tartars with liberty of the Turkish Religion who have enjoy'd this Privilege for some hundreds of Years on condition that they shall send every Year twelve hundred Men to the Wars against the Turks and Tartars These Mahometans call their Churches Meczets Page 342. Upon this occasion I was assur'd by the King himself several Senators and other Great Men of that Kingdom and moreover it is the common and undisputed Report that Children are oftentimes nourish'd and brought up by Bears in these Parts They say likewise that if a hungry He-Bear finds a Child that has been carelesly left any where he will immediately tear it to pieces but on the contrary had it been a She-Bear then giving Suck she would undoubtedly have carried it safe to her Den and nourish'd it among her Cubs which after some time might probably have been rescued from her and been taken by Hunters as it happen'd in another Case of this nature in the Year 1669 which has been positively asserted to me in a Letter from his Excellency Monsieur de Cleverskerk now Embassador here to his Majesty King William from the States of Hollond which Letter I thought not amiss to insert A Monsieur Connor Monsieur JE veux satisfaire en partie à votre desir vous rendre conte d'un Enfant que J'ay veu à Varsovie en l'an 1669. Me rencontrant en cette Ville de Pologne pour étre present au tems de l'Election d'un Roy qui se devoit faire à la place du Roy Jean Casimir qui s'étoit démis de la Couronne Je m'informay à cette occasion de ce qu'il y avoit à voir en ce lieu J'ay appris entre autres choses qu'il se trouvoit au Fauxbourg de la Ville qui va vers le Palais que le Roy Casimir y avoit fait batir chez des Religieuses un Enfant Male qui avoit été nourri des Ours ayant été pris quêques tems auparauant à la chasse de ces Animaux J'allay à ce lieu pour Satisfaire ma Curiosité trouvay a la Porte le dit Enfant jouant dans les Sables sous l'Auvent qui étoit devant la Maison Il étoit selon ma meilleure Memoire de l'age de douze à treize ans Quand Je l'approchay il vint sauter comme par surprise à mon habit prit par la main avec beaucoup de precipitation un des boutons d'Argent que Je portois à mon Justaucorps approcha le Nez pour le Sentir Puis Jl se jetta tout d'un coup à un coin par terre faisant quêque bruit comme une espece d' Hurlement J'entray dans la Maison ou une Fille m' informa plus particulierement de lá Prise de cet Enfant Mais comme Je n'ay point avec moy le Livre ou J'ay écrit les Observations que J'ay fait dans mes Voyages Je ne sçaurois vous en faire le dêtail Cette Fille appella fit entrer le dit Enfant luy montra un grand Morçeau de pain ce que luy voyant il se jetta sur un Plancher qui étoit fait contre la muraille dans cette Chambre Il y marcha comme à quatre pattes Il se leva avec une grande vitesse prit par les deux mains le pain qui luy fut presentè le porta ainsi au nez se Jetta en bas faisant encore un bruit étrange comme auparavant On m'informa qu'il ne parloit point encore des paroles mais qu'on esperoit avec le tems luy en apprendre d'autant qu'il avoit l'ouiè bonne Il avoit quêques marques au visage qu'on pensoit avoir été des Egratigneures de l'Ours Voilà Monsieur tout ce que ma Memoire me peut fournir d'une Particularité qu'il y à si long tems que J'ay veüe Mais Personne ne doit trouver étrange que cela soit arrivé d'autant qu'on a d'autres Exemples dans les Histories Et on m'a informé en ce Pais que les Tartares y font souvent des Invasions par des courses qu'ils font avec unc si grande vitesse qu'ils entrent ●●n peu de tems bien avant dans le Pais qui est ouvert leurs chevaux étant capables de faire un tres-grand cheminsans manger ni boire qu'étant allez jusques où ils ont proposé la ils Etendent leur grande Troupe prennent comme dans les filets toutes les Personnes qu'ils rencontrent en leur retraite les menent en Esclavage qu' d ces occasions les Hommes les Femmes tachants fuir n'ont bien souvent pas de tems de sauver leurs Enfants qu'ainsi celuicy peut avoir été laissé trouvé par quêques Ours qui sont en ces lieux de Lituanie ou de Pologne Je suis marri Monsieur ne vous pouvoir pas informer satisfaire à votre Curiosité avec plus d'exactitude cependant vous recevrez s'il vous plait cette Relation comme un petit témoignage de ma bonne Volonté comme etant Ce 1 Jan. 1698. Monsieur Votre tres-Affectionné Serviteur J. P. Van den Brande de Cleverskerk Thus in English SIR I Shall endeavour partly to satisfy your Request and to give you an Account of a Boy that I saw at Warsaw in the Year 1661 who had been brought up by Bears Coming to this City of Poland with design to be Present at the Election of a King after John Casimir who had Abdicated the Crown I enquir'd what was worth seeing in or about this Place whereupon I was inform'd among other things that there was in the Suburbs of this City which go towards King Casimir's Palace in a Nunnery a certain Male Child who had been brought up among Bears and who had been taken some time before at a Bear-hunting Vpon this Information I went immediately to that place to satisfy my Curiosity where I found the aforesaid Boy