necessary_a for_o the_o common_a good_a and_o preservation_n and_o consequent_o that_o of_o all_o mankind_n sect._n 4._o a_o more_o certain_a account_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a as_o well_o natural_a as_o moral_a than_o what_o mr._n h._n have_v give_v we_o sect._n 5._o mr._n h._n notwithstanding_o all_o he_o have_v say_v to_o the_o contrary_a acknowledge_v a_o common_a good_a in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n sect._n 6._o the_o difference_n between_o a_o natural_a and_o a_o moral_a good_a and_o wherein_o it_o consist_v the_o confound_a of_o these_o the_o great_a cause_n of_o mr._n h_n error_n in_o this_o matter_n sect._n 7._o mr._n h._n sometime_o blame_v this_o narrow_a humour_n in_o some_o man_n that_o desire_v nothing_o but_o their_o own_o private_a advantage_n and_o likewise_o confess_v that_o that_o be_v a_o great_a good_a which_o benefit_n more_o person_n than_o what_o do_v good_a but_o to_o a_o few_o sect._n 8._o that_o notwithstanding_o all_o what_o mr._n h._n have_v say_v to_o the_o contrary_a all_o rational_a and_o good_a man_n must_v acknowledge_v that_o to_o be_v good_a which_o tend_v to_o the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n and_o which_o likewise_o may_v any_o way_n contribute_v to_o effect_v it_o that_o if_o we_o do_v not_o make_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a agent_n the_o end_n of_o all_o our_o action_n all_o our_o notion_n about_o moral_a as_o well_o as_o natural_a good_a will_v be_v various_a and_o uncertain_a sect._n 9_o the_o head_n of_o the_o seven_o principle_n that_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n be_v a_o state_n of_o war._n that_o all_o mr._n h_n precedent_n principle_n tend_v only_o to_o prove_v this_o darling_n one_o if_o therefore_o those_o be_v well_o answer_v this_o principle_n must_v fall_v his_o new_a reason_n in_o his_o leviathan_n propose_v he_o deduce_v this_o state_n of_o war_n from_o three_o cause_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o man._n one_a competition_n two_o diffidence_n 3_o glory_n each_o of_o which_o do_v in_o their_o turn_n make_v man_n fall_v together_o by_o the_o ear_n a_o state_n of_o war_n not_o only_o that_o of_o actual_a fight_n but_o all_o that_o time_n wherein_o man_n inclination_n to_o it_o may_v be_v certain_o know_v illustrate_v by_o a_o simile_n of_o rainy_a wether_n sect._n 1_o answer_v to_o this_o argument_n it_o be_v first_o observe_v that_o mr._n h._n differ_v in_o his_o manner_n of_o prove_v the_o necessity_n of_o this_o state_n of_o war_n differ_v in_o his_o leviathan_n from_o that_o in_o his_o de_n cive_z since_o he_o here_o only_o suppose_v such_o a_o war_n to_o be_v lawful_a without_o any_o other_o proof_n sect._n 2._o 2_o d._n observation_n that_o this_o author_n in_o his_o argument_n here_o propose_v do_v still_o take_v the_o natural_a state_n of_o man_n only_o from_o his_o passion_n without_o any_o consideration_n of_o reason_n or_o experience_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o what_o he_o have_v before_o lay_v down_o when_o he_o make_v experience_n any_o of_o the_o faculty_n of_o the_o mind_n yet_o that_o none_o of_o these_o passion_n do_v necessary_o and_o uninevitable_o hurry_v man_n into_o a_o state_n of_o war._n sect._n 3_o that_o none_o of_o these_o person_n if_o govern_v by_o reason_n aught_o to_o incite_v man_n to_o war_n and_o that_o reason_n can_v never_o persuade_v man_n to_o fall_v together_o by_o the_o ear_n out_o of_o competition_n sect._n 4._o that_o diffidence_n of_o other_o can_v never_o if_o due_o consider_v be_v any_o motive_n to_o make_v war_n with_o all_o man_n since_o such_o a_o war_n be_v not_o only_o destructive_a in_o its_o own_o nature_n but_o also_o impracticable_a sect._n 5._o mr._n h._n appeal_n to_o experience_n of_o what_o man_n do_v for_o their_o own_o security_n answer_v as_o also_o his_o simile_n from_o the_o wether_n sect._n 6_o he_o himself_o grant_v that_o there_o be_v never_o actual_o throughout_o the_o world_n such_o a_o state_n of_o war_n as_o he_o describe_v his_o instance_n from_o the_o savage_a people_n of_o america_n make_v rather_o against_o than_o for_o he_o prove_v by_o authority_n of_o traveller_n sect._n 7._o his_o instance_n from_o the_o practice_n of_o sovereign_a power_n prove_v to_o be_v of_o no_o force_n sect._n 8._o answer_v to_o his_o argument_n from_o the_o passion_n of_o glory_n which_o do_v not_o inevitable_o hurry_v man_n to_o war_n since_o it_o be_v more_o often_o master_v by_o other_o great_a passion_n as_o fear_v of_o death_n desire_v of_o thing_n necessary_a etc._n etc._n observation_n that_o the_o same_o passion_n which_o excite_v man_n to_o war_n do_v also_o with_o he_o at_o other_o time_n persuade_v they_o to_o peace_n and_o that_o those_o passion_n be_v real_o the_o more_o strong_a that_o do_v so_o sect_n 9_o mr._n h_n argument_n from_o certain_a peculiarity_n in_o humane_a nature_n why_o man_n can_v live_v as_o sociable_o with_o each_o other_o as_o brute_n the_o one_a competition_n for_o honour_n etc._n etc._n answer_v no_o argument_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o this_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n sect._n 10._o his_o second_o reason_n answer_v that_o the_o common_a good_a among_o brute_n differ_v not_o from_o the_o private_a as_o it_o do_v among_o men._n sect_n 11._o answer_v to_o his_o 3d._a instance_n that_o creature_n not_o have_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n do_v not_o find_v fault_n with_o the_o administration_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o this_o can_v be_v no_o argument_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n before_o commonwealth_n be_v institute_v etc._n etc._n sect._n 12._o answer_v to_o his_o four_o reason_n that_o brute_n have_v not_o the_o use_n of_o speech_n and_o so_o cannót_v make_v good_a seem_v evil_a and_o evil_a good_a man_n not_o in_o a_o worse_a condition_n than_o brute_n by_o reason_n of_o speech_n but_o rather_o in_o a_o better_a sect._n 13._o answer_v to_o his_o 5_o reason_n that_o brute_n do_v not_o distinguish_v between_o injury_n and_o damage_n whereas_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o man_n sect._n 14._o answer_v to_o his_o last_o reason_n that_o the_o agreement_n of_o brute_n be_v natural_a but_o in_o man_n artificial_a sect._n 15._o so_o much_o grant_v mr._n h._n that_o man_n be_v torment_v with_o divers_a passion_n which_o beast_n be_v not_o and_o so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n man_n be_v endue_v with_o other_o passion_n which_o move_v they_o more_o strong_o to_o concord_n sect._n 16._o a_o far_a consideration_n of_o the_o absurdity_n and_o inconsistency_n of_o this_o hypothesis_n of_o a_o natural_a state_n of_o war._n sect._n 17._o the_o head_n of_o the_o eight_o principle_n that_o mutual_a compact_n of_o fidelity_n be_v void_a in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n but_o not_o so_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n his_o reason_n for_o it_o because_o where_o covenant_n be_v make_v upon_o a_o mutual_a trust_n of_o future_a performance_n either_o party_n may_v choose_v whether_o he_o will_v perform_v or_o not_o because_o he_o be_v not_o sure_a that_o the_o other_o will_v perform_v his_o part_n also_o and_o of_o this_o he_o be_v the_o sole_a judge_n but_o that_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o a_o civil_a state_n where_o there_o be_v a_o common_a power_n to_o compel_v either_o of_o they_o that_o refuse_v sect._n 1_o the_o reason_n apparent_a why_o he_o suppose_v civil_a sovereign_n always_o in_o a_o state_n of_o war._n sect._n 2._o upon_o these_o principle_n it_o be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a for_o prince_n or_o state_n to_o make_v any_o league_n or_o treaty_n of_o peace_n with_o each_o other_o this_o notion_n give_v they_o also_o a_o right_n of_o put_v to_o death_n or_o make_v slave_n of_o ambassador_n and_o all_o other_o that_o come_v into_o their_o dominion_n sect._n 3_o that_o upon_o this_o principle_n of_o mr._n h_n if_o compact_n do_v not_o bind_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n neither_o will_v they_o be_v of_o any_o force_n in_o a_o civil_a state_n if_o either_o all_o or_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o contractor_n shall_v have_v all_o at_o once_o a_o mind_n to_o break_v they_o upon_o pretence_n that_o either_o other_o do_v not_o perform_v their_o part_n or_o that_o they_o fear_v they_o will_v not_o do_v it_o sect._n 4._o mr._n h._n far_o exceed_v his_o master_n epicurus_n in_o this_o evil_a principle_n sect._n 5._o the_o head_n of_o the_o nine_o principle_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o true_o a_o law_n unless_o as_o it_o be_v deliver_v in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n his_o reason_n for_o it_o that_o though_o they_o be_v dictate_v of_o reason_n yet_o that_o for_o want_n of_o a_o legislator_n and_o of_o sufficient_a security_n for_o those_o that_o shall_v observe_v they_o they_o be_v not_o law_n but_o as_o deliver_v in_o scripture_n sect._n 1_o that_o it_o have_v be_v already_o prove_v that_o this_o law_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a be_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o
aforego_v be_v observe_v so_o that_o we_o be_v teach_v from_o the_o real_a nature_n of_o thing_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o inanimate_a body_n after_o what_o manner_n and_o to_o what_o degree_n we_o ought_v to_o pursue_v our_o own_o particular_a happiness_n that_o be_v only_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o and_o be_v include_v in_o that_o of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a agent_n so_o we_o be_v hence_o also_o instruct_v what_o action_n be_v prescribe_v or_o forbid_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n since_o such_o action_n only_o be_v thereby_o commend_v as_o promote_v this_o great_a end_n and_o the_o contrary_a action_n forbid_v which_o disturb_v or_o hinder_v it_o which_o be_v also_o suppose_a by_o all_o prince_n and_o state_n in_o their_o deliberation_n and_o treaty_n of_o peace_n it_o be_v that_o in_o which_o they_o all_o agree_v as_o contribute_v to_o their_o common_a safety_n and_o preservation_n viz._n that_o the_o power_n of_o all_o the_o several_a state_n concern_v shall_v be_v so_o just_o moderate_v and_o equal_o balance_v that_o none_o may_v destroy_v or_o oppress_v each_o other_o thus_o between_o neighbour_a nation_n not_o subject_a to_o the_o same_o common_a power_n it_o be_v chief_o provide_v in_o all_o their_o league_n and_o treaty_n that_o the_o force_n of_o each_o particular_a commonwealth_n shall_v be_v so_o equal_o balance_v by_o the_o assistance_n and_o support_v of_o their_o confederates_n and_o ally_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v impossible_a for_o any_o one_o of_o they_o to_o swallow_v up_o or_o destroy_v another_o but_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v still_o leave_v to_o each_o of_o they_o power_n and_o mean_v sufficient_a to_o preserve_v themselves_o and_o their_o subject_n in_o peace_n and_o safety_n as_o be_v the_o main_a end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v at_o first_o ordain_v by_o god_n and_o institute_v by_o men._n §_o 7._o and_o as_o it_o be_v proper_a to_o all_o natural_a body_n that_o whilst_o they_o persevere_v in_o their_o own_o motion_n there_o be_v likewise_o a_o necessity_n they_o shall_v also_o contribute_v and_o be_v subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o motion_n of_o innumerable_a other_o body_n from_o the_o general_a law_n of_o motion_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o which_o rule_n be_v also_o find_v true_a in_o animal_n it_o seem_v to_o admonish_v we_o not_o only_o as_o mere_a animal_n but_o rational_a agent_n that_o we_o contribute_v our_o particular_a endeavour_n towards_o the_o general_a good_a or_o preservation_n of_o all_o those_o of_o their_o own_o kind_a since_o it_o be_v not_o only_o a_o possible_a effect_n but_o also_o such_o a_o one_o as_o depend_v upon_o cause_n so_o perfect_a and_o certain_a we_o may_v with_o reason_n believe_v that_o it_o will_v endure_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o world_n but_o if_o we_o far_o add_v to_o these_o observation_n those_o thing_n that_o distinguish_v animate_v from_o inanimate_a body_n they_o will_v yet_o more_o strong_o convince_v we_o and_o make_v we_o see_v more_o sufficient_a reason_n wherefore_o not_o so_o much_o concern_v ourselves_o with_o other_o corporeal_a being_n we_o shall_v be_v chief_o solicitous_a in_o give_v our_o assistance_n to_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_a first_o than_o the_o nature_n of_o animate_v be_v distinguish_v from_o that_o of_o inanimate_a body_n by_o such_o a_o fit_a disposition_n of_o part_n and_o a_o apt_a conformation_n of_o their_o natural_a organ_n as_o suffice_v for_o their_o generation_n sensation_n imagination_n affection_n nourishment_n and_o also_o all_o spontaneous_a motion_n and_o it_o be_v by_o these_o action_n that_o all_o sort_n of_o animal_n endeavour_v their_o conservation_n and_o happiness_n for_o the_o time_n that_o be_v appoint_v they_o and_o thereby_o procure_v the_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a species_n §_o 8._o but_o i_o shall_v not_o dwell_v too_o long_o upon_o these_o common_a obvious_a thing_n which_o be_v so_o evident_a in_o themselves_o but_o shall_v from_o hence_o deduce_v something_o more_o material_a to_o our_o purpose_n viz._n that_o from_o the_o same_o intrinseck_n constitution_n of_o all_o animal_n whereby_o they_o be_v determine_v to_o this_o endeavour_n of_o preserve_v themselves_o there_o be_v beside_o give_v manifest_a declaration_n that_o love_v and_o benevolent_a action_n towards_o those_o of_o their_o own_o kind_a be_v also_o necessary_a for_o their_o own_o defence_n and_o constitute_v the_o happy_a state_n of_o life_n they_o can_v enjoy_v and_o likewise_o that_o it_o be_v far_o ordain_v from_o the_o same_o concourse_n of_o external_n and_o internal_a cause_n that_o all_o rational_a agent_n can_v but_o be_v sensible_a or_o mindful_a of_o these_o indication_n the_o first_o of_o these_o conclusion_n contain_v the_o sense_n and_o sanction_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o the_o latter_a regard_v its_o promulgation_n or_o the_o manner_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o be_v make_v know_v to_o we_o i_o shall_v explain_v each_o of_o they_o in_o their_o order_n §_o 9_o it_o be_v therefore_o first_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o corporeal_a bulk_n even_o of_o the_o large_a animal_n be_v contain_v within_o a_o small_a and_o narrow_a compass_n as_o also_o that_o the_o space_n of_o time_n wherein_o they_o can_v live_v or_o be_v preserve_v be_v not_o long_o from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o but_o a_o few_o thing_n and_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o they_o be_v real_o necessary_a for_o their_o nourishment_n and_o preservation_n or_o where_o there_o be_v need_n of_o a_o concurrence_n of_o more_o of_o they_o they_o be_v only_o such_o as_o may_v be_v free_o communicate_v to_o many_o at_o once_o whence_o they_o be_v natural_o lead_v to_o desire_v but_o a_o few_o particular_a thing_n but_o daily_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o divers_a other_o in_o common_a who_o use_n may_v yet_o be_v well_o communicate_v to_o many_o at_o once_o without_o exhaust_v their_o store_n such_o as_o be_v the_o free_a enjoyment_n of_o air_n light_n fire_n water_n etc._n etc._n and_o far_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o structure_n of_o their_o body_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o same_o superficies_n of_o the_o skin_n which_o hinder_v the_o effusion_n govern_v also_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o do_v at_o the_o same_o time_n fix_v bound_n to_o those_o appetite_n and_o necessity_n by_o which_o they_o be_v urge_v to_o seek_v their_o own_o preservation_n so_o that_o those_o few_o thing_n that_o suffice_v to_o repair_v the_o vital_a flame_n which_o daily_o consume_v be_v likewise_o sufficient_a not_o only_o for_o the_o conservation_n of_o their_o life_n and_o natural_a strength_n but_o also_o for_o enable_v they_o to_o contribute_v their_o help_n and_o assistance_n to_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o last_o the_o structure_n and_o capacity_n of_o the_o vessel_n in_o which_o their_o aliment_n be_v digest_v and_o of_o those_o that_o convey_v the_o chyle_n as_o also_o of_o the_o vein_n and_o artery_n that_o receive_v it_o be_v but_o narrow_a require_v but_o a_o small_a quantity_n to_o fill_v they_o so_o that_o i_o think_v no_o brute_n can_v be_v guilty_a of_o mr._n h_n error_n of_o judge_v or_o desire_v all_o thing_n whatever_o as_o necessary_a for_o its_o own_o preservation_n since_o from_o the_o intrinseck_n and_o constituent_a part_n of_o all_o animal_n it_o plain_o appear_v that_o but_o a_o few_o thing_n suffice_v to_o allay_v their_o hunger_n and_o thirst_n and_o to_o prevent_v the_o injury_n of_o the_o wether_n and_o if_o so_o few_o thing_n be_v necessary_a for_o their_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n they_o may_v very_o well_o leave_v the_o rest_n of_o those_o product_n which_o the_o earth_n so_o plentiful_o bring_v forth_o to_o be_v enjoy_v by_o other_o of_o their_o own_o kind_n since_o the_o finite_a quantity_n of_o their_o body_n limit_v their_o appetite_n to_o the_o desire_v and_o their_o power_n only_o to_o the_o use_v a_o few_o necessary_a thing_n from_o this_o use_n and_o necessity_n there_o arise_v a_o natural_a division_n or_o appropriation_n of_o thing_n among_o divers_a animal_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n as_o i_o show_v before_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n the_o allowance_n or_o permission_n of_o which_o distribution_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o that_o mutual_a concord_n and_o benevolence_n among_o they_o and_o which_o their_o nature_n require_v for_o their_o preservation_n so_o that_o if_o this_o innate_a love_n or_o desire_v of_o self-preservation_n in_o animal_n be_v limit_v after_o the_o manner_n we_o have_v now_o describe_v this_o once_o satisfy_v there_o can_v be_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o shall_v withstand_v or_o obstruct_v the_o conservation_n of_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n either_o by_o hinder_v their_o enjoyment_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o they_o themselves_o do_v not_o need_v or_o in_o refuse_v to_o lend_v they_o their_o help_n and_o assistance_n when_o there_o be_v occasion_n and_o that_o it_o
unto_o and_o which_o be_v most_o inseparable_o conjoin_v with_o his_o own_o particular_a conservation_n and_o happiness_n but_o whereas_o god_n have_v create_v other_o creature_n to_o act_v for_o their_o own_o present_a satisfaction_n and_o preservation_n without_o any_o consideration_n of_o that_o of_o other_o he_o have_v make_v man_n alone_o not_o only_o able_a to_o contribute_v to_o the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o his_o own_o kind_n but_o have_v also_o make_v he_o sensible_a of_o this_o ability_n and_o i_o shall_v far_o show_v in_o this_o discourse_n that_o he_o have_v lay_v a_o sufficient_a obligation_n on_o he_o to_o exert_v it_o §_o 22._o another_o faculty_n of_o the_o rational_a soul_n and_o only_o proper_a to_o man_n as_o a_o sociable_a creature_n be_v that_o of_o speech_n or_o express_v our_o notion_n by_o significant_a word_n or_o sound_n which_o though_o it_o be_v not_o bear_v with_o we_o yet_o however_o may_v be_v reckon_v among_o the_o natural_a faculty_n of_o mankind_n as_o well_o as_o go_v with_o two_o leg_n since_o we_o find_v no_o brute_n creature_n capable_a of_o it_o though_o divers_a of_o they_o be_v endue_v with_o tongue_n like_o we_o and_o that_o divers_a bird_n can_v pronounce_v whole_a sentence_n yet_o have_v they_o no_o notion_n of_o what_o they_o say_v whereas_o there_o be_v no_o nation_n though_o never_o so_o barbarous_a but_o have_v the_o use_n of_o speech_n and_o to_o show_v you_o far_o how_o natural_a some_o sort_n of_o speech_n be_v to_o mankind_n i_o have_v hear_v of_o two_o young_a gentleman_n that_o be_v brother_n and_o i_o know_v one_o of_o they_o myself_o who_o though_o bear_v deaf_a and_o consequent_o dumb_a yet_o by_o often_o and_o long_o conversation_n with_o each_o other_o come_v to_o frame_v a_o certain_a language_n between_o themselves_o which_o though_o it_o seem_v perfect_a gibberish_n to_o the_o stander_n by_o yet_o by_o the_o sole_a motion_n of_o their_o lip_n and_o other_o sign_n they_o perfect_o understand_v each_o other_o which_o be_v likewise_o evident_a from_o this_o that_o in_o the_o dark_a they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o converse_v at_o all_o so_o that_o this_o faculty_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v bestow_v by_o god_n on_o mankind_n not_o for_o his_o preservation_n as_o a_o mere_a animal_n since_o divers_a brute_n be_v able_a to_o subsist_v for_o more_o year_n without_o it_o and_o therefore_o seem_v to_o be_v intend_v to_o render_v man_n a_o sociable_a creature_n and_o who_o be_v by_o this_o faculty_n to_o benefit_v other_o of_o his_o own_o kind_n as_o well_o as_o himself_o for_o we_o be_v not_o only_o hereby_o able_a to_o impose_v certain_a arbitrary_a name_n to_o particular_a thing_n but_o have_v first_o frame_v universal_a idea_n can_v likewise_o give_v name_n to_o they_o as_o to_o this_o general_a idea_n applicable_a to_o all_o particular_a man_n in_o the_o world_n we_o can_v give_v the_o name_n of_o man_n and_o herein_o consist_v the_o main_a difference_n between_o man_n and_o brute_n and_o not_o in_o ratiocination_n alone_o since_o i_o suppose_v even_o brute_n have_v right_a idea_n of_o those_o object_n they_o have_v receive_v by_o their_o sense_n and_o can_v likewise_o infer_v or_o reason_n right_a about_o they_o as_o when_o a_o dog_n by_o often_o see_v his_o master_n take_v down_o his_o stick_n before_o he_o go_v abroad_o do_v thence_o argue_v when_o ever_o he_o do_v so_o that_o his_o go_v abroad_o will_v follow_v express_v his_o joy_n by_o bark_v and_o leap_v yet_o we_o can_v find_v that_o brute_n have_v any_o general_a or_o complex_fw-la idea_n much_o less_o name_n for_o they_o have_v no_o more_o but_o a_o few_o ordinary_a sign_n whereby_o to_o express_v their_o present_a appetite_n and_o passion_n but_o the_o main_a benefit_n of_o speech_n seem_v to_o respect_v other_o more_o than_o ourselves_o since_o we_o be_v hereby_o able_a to_o instruct_v they_o in_o many_o art_n and_o science_n necessary_a for_o their_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n and_o also_o to_o advise_v and_o admonish_v they_o in_o all_o civil_a and_o moral_a duty_n and_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o one_o so_o brutish_a who_o be_v not_o sensible_a that_o in_o the_o exercise_n of_o this_o faculty_n consist_v one_o of_o the_o great_a pleasure_n of_o humane_a life_n viz._n conversation_n and_o suppose_v man_n in_o a_o state_n of_o war_n i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o they_o can_v ever_o well_o get_v out_o of_o it_o again_o be_v it_o not_o for_o treaty_n and_o article_n of_o peace_n but_o must_v like_o game_n cock_n and_o bull_n fight_v it_o out_o till_o one_o side_n be_v either_o quite_o destroy_v or_o force_v to_o run_v away_o and_o quit_v that_o territory_n or_o country_n where_o they_o live_v §_o 23._o nor_o can_v we_o omit_v another_o great_a benefit_n we_o receive_v from_o speech_n viz._n the_o invention_n of_o letter_n by_o which_o we_o be_v not_o only_o able_a to_o register_n our_o present_a thought_n for_o our_o own_o remembrance_n but_o can_v likewise_o profit_v and_o instruct_v not_o only_o the_o present_a but_o also_o all_o future_a generation_n by_o book_n or_o write_n as_o we_o do_v now_o make_v use_n of_o the_o knowledge_n and_o experience_n of_o those_o who_o die_v some_o thousand_o of_o year_n before_o we_o be_v bear_v but_o since_o mr._n h._n and_o other_o have_v make_v some_o objection_n against_o the_o benefit_n of_o speech_n and_o letter_n as_o that_o they_o tend_v oftentimes_o to_o promote_v false_a opinion_n and_o war_n among_o mankind_n grant_v it_o to_o be_v so_o it_o be_v no_o more_o a_o objection_n against_o the_o benefit_n we_o receive_v by_o they_o than_o it_o be_v to_o say_v that_o the_o air_n water_n or_o food_n the_o only_a mean_n of_o life_n be_v hurtful_a to_o mankind_n since_o by_o the_o necessary_a course_n of_o nature_n or_o else_o our_o own_o intemperance_n they_o often_o become_v the_o cause_n of_o plague_n surfeit_n and_o divers_a other_o disease_n whereby_o mankind_n be_v destroy_v yet_o since_o that_o author_n have_v make_v the_o use_n of_o speech_n one_o great_a reason_n why_o man_n can_v live_v so_o peaceable_o as_o brute_n and_o therefore_o fancy_n they_o must_v be_v in_o a_o natural_a state_n of_o war_n i_o shall_v therefore_o refer_v the_o answer_v it_o to_o the_o second_o part_n since_o my_o intention_n be_v not_o here_o to_o argue_v but_o instruct_v §_o 24._o man_n do_v also_o far_o exceed_v brute_n in_o their_o rational_a or_o discursive_a faculty_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o number_n or_o collect_v divers_a single_a thing_n into_o one_o total_a sum_n which_o we_o call_v arithmetic_n so_o necessary_a for_o all_o affair_n of_o a_o civil_a life_n and_o the_o duty_n of_o distributive_a justice_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v a_o art_n and_o that_o divers_a barbarous_a nation_n want_v that_o exact_a knowledge_n of_o it_o which_o we_o have_v yet_o by_o reckon_v upon_o their_o finger_n they_o have_v a_o sufficient_a use_n of_o it_o as_o much_o as_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o purpose_n or_o business_n and_o if_o they_o do_v but_o apply_v their_o mind_n to_o it_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o they_o will_v arrive_v to_o the_o same_o perfection_n in_o arithmetic_n as_o we_o do_v but_o i_o look_v upon_o this_o faculty_n as_o peculiar_a to_o mankind_n since_o we_o can_v perceive_v brute_n to_o have_v any_o knowledge_n of_o it_o thus_o if_o from_o bitch_n or_o sow_n you_o take_v away_o never_o so_o many_o of_o their_o young_a one_o yet_o if_o you_o leave_v they_o but_o one_o or_o two_o they_o do_v not_o miss_v the_o rest_n which_o show_v that_o they_o have_v no_o idea_n of_o number_n whatever_o they_o may_v have_v of_o quantity_n §_o 26._o to_o this_o observation_n may_v likewise_o be_v add_v as_o a_o consequence_n thereof_o that_o faculty_n so_o proper_a to_o mankind_n of_o measure_v the_o quantity_n of_o body_n the_o distance_n between_o they_o and_o the_o proportion_n they_o bear_v to_o each_o other_o which_o science_n we_o call_v geometry_n or_o mathematics_n which_o art_n be_v certain_o invent_v by_o man_n as_o a_o creature_n intend_v for_o a_o sociable_a life_n since_o on_o some_o of_o these_o depend_v most_o trade_n all_o commerce_n architecture_n navigation_n and_o most_o of_o the_o rule_n of_o distributive_a justice_n with_o other_o art_n needless_a here_o to_o be_v set_v down_o so_o that_o whoever_o will_v but_o serious_o reflect_v upon_o the_o excellency_n of_o these_o science_n as_o well_o in_o the_o certainty_n of_o their_o demonstration_n as_o in_o the_o vast_a and_o stupendous_a effect_n they_o produce_v can_v but_o acknowledge_v that_o our_o rational_a faculty_n exceed_v that_o of_o brute_n by_o many_o degree_n §_o 27._o but_o there_o yet_o remain_v behind_o two_o of_o the_o great_a prerogative_n of_o man_n soul_n and_o in_o respect_n of_o which_o alone_o he_o be_v make_v a_o sit_v
17._o in_o these_o word_n but_o what_o be_v divers_a commonwealth_n but_o so_o many_o garrison_n fortify_v against_o each_o other_o with_o arm_n and_o ammunition_n who_o state_n because_o they_o be_v keep_v in_o awe_n by_o no_o common_a power_n although_o a_o uncertain_a peace_n or_o short_a truce_n may_v intervene_v be_v yet_o to_o be_v account_v for_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n that_o be_v for_o a_o state_n of_o war._n from_o all_o which_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o deduce_v the_o grievous_a mischief_n that_o will_v thereby_o happen_v to_o mankind_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n these_o civil_a sovereign_n he_o mention_n can_v never_o be_v oblige_v by_o any_o covenant_n from_o make_v war_n upon_o and_o ruine_v each_o other_o nor_o can_v be_v accuse_v for_o breach_n of_o faith_n or_o infidelity_n when_o they_o do_v so_o for_o be_v still_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n that_o will_v necessary_o follow_v which_o he_o lay_v down_o at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o former_a chapter_n as_o the_o consequence_n of_o this_o state_n to_o this_o war_n of_o every_o man_n against_o every_o man_n this_o also_o be_v consequent_a that_o nothing_o can_v be_v unjust_a the_o notion_n of_o right_n and_o wrong_n justice_n and_o injustice_n have_v there_o no_o place_n where_o there_o be_v no_o common_a power_n there_o be_v no_o law_n where_o no_o law_n no_o injustice_n force_n and_o fraud_n be_v in_o war_n the_o two_o cardinal_n virtue_n §_o 3._o so_o that_o you_o see_v upon_o these_o principle_n it_o be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a for_o prince_n to_o make_v any_o article_n or_o covenant_n of_o peace_n with_o each_o other_o no_o not_o if_o they_o swear_v to_o they_o never_o so_o solemn_o for_o in_o the_o last_o word_n of_o this_o chapter_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o oath_n add_v nothing_o to_o the_o obligation_n for_o a_o covenant_n if_o lawful_a bind_v in_o the_o sight_n of_o god_n without_o the_o oath_n as_o much_o as_o with_o it_o if_o unlawful_a bind_v not_o at_o all_o though_o it_o be_v confirm_v with_o a_o oath_n so_o that_o if_o the_o covenant_n can_v not_o oblige_v the_o oath_n will_v serve_v to_o as_o little_a purpose_n what_o prince_n will_v thank_v he_o for_o this_o doctrine_n i_o know_v not_o but_o i_o hope_v it_o be_v not_o a_o apology_n for_o the_o late_a action_n of_o any_o prince_n but_o the_o ottoman_a emperor_n and_o our_o christian_a grand_a signior_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o water_n but_o if_o the_o state_n of_o prince_n towards_o each_o other_o be_v so_o bad_a that_o of_o the_o subject_n be_v much_o worse_o for_o from_o these_o principle_n the_o safety_n of_o all_o ambassador_n merchant_n and_o traveller_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o any_o prince_n or_o state_n with_o who_o we_o be_v at_o peace_n be_v thereby_o utter_o take_v away_o nor_o can_v the_o subject_n be_v in_o a_o better_a condition_n than_o their_o master_n for_o by_o this_o author_n determination_n they_o be_v present_o enemy_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o come_v under_o a_o foreign_a power_n for_o such_o prince_n be_v always_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n towards_o each_o other_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o their_o natural_a right_n or_o prerogative_n to_o force_v all_o those_o that_o be_v weak_a to_o give_v a_o caution_n of_o their_o future_a obedience_n and_o good_a behaviour_n unless_o they_o will_v rather_o suffer_v death_n for_o nothing_o can_v be_v imagine_v more_o absurd_a than_o that_o he_o who_o be_v weak_a you_o have_v in_o your_o power_n by_o let_v he_o go_v you_o may_v render_v both_o strong_a and_o your_o enemy_n all_o which_o be_v his_o own_o word_n in_o his_o de_n cive_z cap._n 1._o §_o 14._o nor_o can_v i_o understand_v what_o he_o mean_v by_o a_o future_a caution_n of_o obedience_n but_o the_o submission_n of_o those_o who_o be_v thus_o seize_v upon_o and_o their_o come_n into_o the_o same_o commonwealth_n and_o subject_v themselves_o whole_o to_o their_o empire_n who_o thus_o lie_v hold_v on_o they_o for_o he_o tell_v we_o present_o after_o that_o a_o certain_a and_o irresistible_a power_n confer_v a_o right_a of_o govern_v and_o rule_v those_o who_o can_v resist_v it_o so_o that_o if_o this_o doctrine_n be_v true_a in_o what_o a_o ill_a condition_n be_v ambassador_n and_o other_o stranger_n in_o foreign_a country_n now_o at_o league_n with_o we_o any_o one_o may_v easy_o perceive_v well_o but_o suppose_v such_o stranger_n can_v or_o will_v submit_v themselves_o absolute_o to_o these_o foreign_a power_n they_o may_v yet_o choose_v whether_o they_o will_v accept_v it_o since_o no_o law_n of_o nature_n according_a to_o mr._n h_n principle_n can_v oblige_v foreigner_n to_o any_o outward_a act_n of_o kindness_n or_o mercy_n towards_o other_o who_o be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o commonwealth_n since_o they_o may_v either_o accept_v of_o this_o their_o submission_n or_o else_o refuse_v it_o and_o put_v they_o to_o death_n though_o otherwise_o never_o so_o innocent_a §_o 4._o but_o if_o compact_n with_o those_o of_o different_a commonwealth_n whether_o prince_n or_o subject_n be_v of_o so_o little_a force_n let_v we_o see_v whether_o they_o will_v signify_v any_o more_o among_o those_o who_o have_v agree_v to_o renounce_v this_o state_n of_o nature_n be_v willing_a to_o transfer_v all_o their_o power_n upon_o one_o or_o more_o person_n and_o so_o enter_v into_o his_o commonwealth_n where_o first_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o observe_v that_o these_o pact_n or_o covenant_n by_o which_o every_o man_n renounce_v his_o natural_a right_n be_v still_o make_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n in_o which_o state_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o man_n to_o doubt_v of_o another_o fidelity_n but_o whether_o a_o man_n just_o fear_v that_o another_o will_v not_o perform_v his_o part_n he_o that_o fear_v be_v the_o only_a judge_n and_o therefore_o mr._n h._n conclude_v that_o every_o man_n have_v cause_n to_o fear_v whenever_o he_o be_v afraid_a which_o reason_n if_o it_o be_v of_o any_o force_n will_v infer_v that_o not_o only_o those_o compact_n be_v invalid_a in_o which_o nothing_o be_v perform_v on_o either_o part_n but_o also_o those_o in_o which_o any_o thing_n of_o any_o moment_n remain_v yet_o to_o be_v do_v by_o either_o party_n for_o he_o who_o will_v not_o keep_v faith_n any_o long_o may_v when_o he_o please_v pretend_v to_o be_v afraid_a lest_o the_o other_o shall_v break_v his_o faith_n with_o he_o and_o that_o very_o just_o whilst_o he_o himself_o be_v the_o only_a judge_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o his_o reason_n which_o be_v always_o suppose_a to_o be_v right_a may_v not_o only_o tell_v he_o that_o he_o need_v not_o perform_v his_o part_n of_o the_o covenant_n but_o also_o that_o it_o be_v absolute_o void_a if_o he_o think_v fit_a to_o make_v it_o so_o but_o if_o any_o one_o will_v say_v that_o he_o himself_o have_v prevent_v this_o objection_n by_o his_o annotation_n to_o this_o article_n as_o also_o in_o his_o leu._n in_o this_o chap._n that_o the_o cause_n of_o fear_n which_o make_v such_o a_o covenant_n invalid_a must_v be_v always_o something_o arise_v after_o the_o covenant_n make_v as_o some_o new_a fact_n or_o other_o sign_n of_o the_o will_v not_o to_o perform_v else_o it_o can_v make_v the_o covenant_n void_a for_o that_o which_o can_v not_o hinder_v a_o man_n from_o promise_v ought_v not_o to_o be_v admit_v as_o a_o hindrance_n of_o perform_v all_o which_o though_o it_o be_v very_o true_a yet_o if_o what_o he_o have_v already_o allege_v in_o his_o forego_n section_n be_v also_o true_a it_o will_v not_o signify_v any_o thing_n because_o he_o there_o tell_v we_o that_o whether_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o he_o will_v perform_v or_o not_o he_o who_o be_v afraid_a be_v the_o only_a judge_n right_a or_o wrong_n it_o be_v all_o one_o and_o therefore_o this_o fear_n of_o another_o man_n fail_v in_o his_o trust_n may_v either_o arise_v from_o his_o call_n to_o mind_n the_o false_a and_o evil_a disposition_n of_o all_o man_n which_o before_o the_o compact_a he_o have_v not_o well_o consider_v or_o else_o he_o may_v suppose_v any_o act_n of_o the_o other_o party_n though_o never_o so_o innocent_a to_o be_v a_o sufficient_a sign_n of_o he_o will_v not_o to_o perform_v his_o part_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n which_o can_v make_v such_o a_o timorous_a man_n secure_v of_o the_o fidelity_n of_o other_o for_o the_o performance_n of_o their_o compact_n because_o as_o mr._n h._n tell_v we_o in_o his_o de_n cive_z cap._n 5._o §_o 1_o 2._o cap._n 7._o §_o 27._o all_o the_o hope_n of_o security_n be_v place_v in_o that_o a_o man_n may_v prevent_v all_o other_o either_o open_o or_o by_o surprise_n so_o that_o although_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o utility_n of_o observe_v of_o compact_n be_v