which_o 1._o all_o humane_a constitution_n be_v expose_v that_o though_o i_o have_v before_o sufficient_o show_v what_o the_o nature_n of_o our_o convocation_n at_o present_a be_v and_o what_o authority_n our_o king_n have_v over_o it_o yet_o we_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n from_o thence_o conclude_v that_o this_o be_v always_o the_o case_n of_o it_o or_o that_o the_o act_n of_o the_o 25_o of_o king_n henry_n the_o viii_o do_v only_o restore_v our_o king_n to_o their_o ancient_a right_n over_o their_o clergy_n and_o not_o rather_o give_v they_o a_o great_a power_n than_o ever_o they_o before_o have_v or_o than_o the_o parliament_n ought_v to_o have_v put_v into_o their_o hand_n to_o clear_v this_o matter_n and_o withal_o to_o show_v how_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n have_v heretofore_o be_v transact_v in_o this_o realm_n i_o shall_v here_o take_v a_o short_a view_n of_o the_o state_n of_o our_o convocation_n in_o time_n past_a and_o of_o the_o method_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v observe_v in_o make_v of_o canonical_a order_n and_o constitution_n from_o the_o conversion_n of_o the_o saxon_n to_o the_o settlement_n of_o it_o in_o that_o form_n under_o which_o it_o continue_v to_o this_o very_a day_n and_o the_o method_n i_o shall_v take_v for_o the_o better_a clear_n of_o this_o matter_n shall_v be_v this_o i._o i_o will_v consider_v how_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n be_v manage_v from_o the_o first_o conversion_n of_o the_o saxon_n to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o norman_a conquest_n ii_o from_o the_o come_n in_o of_o k._n william_n the_o conqueror_n to_o the_o 23d_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o about_o which_o time_n both_o the_o parliament_n and_o the_o convocation_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v full_o settle_v upon_o the_o same_o foot_n on_o which_o they_o have_v both_o continue_a to_o stand_v ever_o since_o iii_o from_o the_o 23d_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o to_o the_o 25_o of_o henry_n the_o eight_o when_o the_o parliament_n and_o clergy_n restore_v the_o crown_n to_o 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every_o bishop_n be_v thereby_o distinct_o require_v to_o give_v notice_n to_o the_o dean_n appendix_n and_o chapter_n of_o his_o cathedral_n church_n and_o to_o the_o archdeacon_n and_o clergy_n of_o his_o diocese_n of_o the_o king_n pleasure_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o the_o say_v dean_n and_o archdeacon_n in_o their_o proper_a person_n their_o chapter_n by_o one_o and_o the_o clergy_n of_o every_o arch-deaconry_a by_o two_o proctor_n lawful_o choose_v and_o empower_v may_v together_o with_o the_o bishop_n attend_v upon_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n and_o there_o consent_v to_o such_o thing_n as_o shall_v be_v agree_v upon_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o church_n or_o state_n now_o this_o clause_n as_o it_o equal_o require_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o writ_n do_v the_o bishop_n himself_o to_o come_v to_o parliament_n so_o have_v the_o necessity_n of_o it_o be_v account_v so_o great_a that_o some_o have_v think_v this_o to_o be_v the_o reason_n 3._o why_o if_o the_o see_v be_v vacant_a the_o writ_n shall_v in_o such_o a_o case_n bedirect_v to_o the_o guardian_n of_o the_o spiritualty_n viz._n that_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o proxy_n of_o the_o clergy_n may_v by_o they_o be_v proemonish_v to_o come_v to_o the_o parliament_n according_a to_o their_o duty_n and_o as_o of_o ancient_a custom_n they_o have_v be_v require_v to_o do_v it_o must_v therefore_o be_v allow_v and_o according_o it_o be_v indeed_o confess_v by_o those_o who_o have_v be_v the_o best_a acquaint_v with_o the_o nature_n of_o our_o constitution_n that_o the_o clergy_n be_v ancient_o a_o part_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o that_o the_o dignitaries_n and_o proxy_n of_o the_o low_a order_n do_v together_o with_o the_o spiritual_a lord_n make_v up_o the_o three_o estate_n in_o it_o but_o now_o together_o with_o this_o parliamentary_a appendix_n writ_n send_v out_o to_o every_o bishop_n in_o particular_a there_o be_v another_o general_a order_n direct_v only_o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o each_o province_n to_o call_v together_o the_o whole_a clergy_n of_o their_o several_a province_n to_o another_o place_n and_o usual_o upon_o another_o day_n the_o copy_n of_o this_o write_v the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n send_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n as_o dean_n of_o the_o episcopal_a college_n and_o require_v he_o to_o summon_v the_o clergy_n of_o his_o province_n and_o to_o attend_v himself_o with_o the_o clergy_n of_o his_o own_o diocese_n according_a to_o the_o king_n command_n and_o this_o be_v more_o proper_o a_o provincial_a synod_n though_o at_o present_a it_o consist_v of_o the_o same_o person_n and_o be_v oftentimes_o heretofore_o employ_v to_o the_o same_o end_n that_o the_o clergy_n who_o come_v to_o the_o parliament_n be_v and_o consult_v at_o once_o both_o of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o church_n and_o how_o to_o supply_v the_o prince_n want_n and_o as_o this_o be_v the_o case_n of_o the_o clergy_n at_o the_o present_a so_o if_o we_o 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prevail_v in_o which_o ecclesiastical_a person_n have_v not_o be_v by_o a_o kind_n of_o general_a consent_n admit_v to_o the_o management_n of_o civil_a affair_n and_o be_v advise_v with_o as_o well_o in_o matter_n relate_v to_o the_o state_n as_o in_o those_o which_o concern_v the_o church_n now_o as_o this_o first_o bring_v they_o into_o the_o great_a council_n of_o prince_n so_o be_v it_o the_o same_o opinion_n of_o their_o ability_n and_o integrity_n which_o first_o give_v original_a to_o that_o part_n they_o now_o have_v and_o ever_o do_v enjoy_v in_o the_o parliament_n of_o this_o nation_n for_o as_o our_o prince_n from_o the_o beginning_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v all_o thing_n of_o great_a moment_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o their_o great_a council_n so_o in_o all_o those_o council_n the_o clergy_n still_o have_v the_o chief_a place_n as_o in_o the_o progress_n of_o these_o remark_n i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n very_o plain_o to_o show_v nor_o be_v the_o laity_n any_o loser_n at_o all_o by_o this_o for_o the_o bishop_n and_o great_a clergyman_n be_v by_o these_o mean_n present_a at_o their_o council_n and_o the_o king_n by_o his_o very_a office_n have_v a_o original_n right_o to_o deliberate_v concern_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o state_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o these_o great_a council_n by_o degree_n transact_v both_o they_o deliberate_v as_o well_o of_o ecclesiastical_a as_o of_o civil_a affair_n and_o the_o cause_n that_o concern_v the_o church_n be_v no_o less_o determine_v by_o the_o judgement_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o laity_n than_o the_o civil_a one_o be_v by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o clergy_n but_o because_o it_o may_v be_v of_o some_o advantage_n to_o the_o right_a understanding_n of_o this_o whole_a subject_n to_o have_v a_o clear_a
those_o day_n of_o which_o i_o be_o at_o present_a to_o discourse_v be_v brief_o this_o 1._o they_o have_v every_o year_n a_o general_n council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n make_v up_o of_o the_o chief_a man_n both_o in_o honour_n and_o employ_v whether_o civil_a or_o ecclesiastical_a and_o therein_o law_n be_v make_v with_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o prince_n both_o for_o the_o church_n and_o state_n in_o matter_n pure_o spiritual_a such_o as_o the_o article_n of_o christian_a faith_n the_o clergy_n advise_v alone_o and_o what_o be_v upon_o their_o advice_n determine_v by_o the_o prince_n become_v a_o law_n as_o to_o those_o matter_n in_o matter_n of_o a_o mix_v nature_n as_o in_o regulate_v the_o discipline_n of_o the_o church_n the_o great_a lord_n deliberate_v together_o with_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o prince_n confirm_v what_o by_o the_o common_a advice_n and_o consent_v of_o both_o be_v recommend_v to_o he_o but_o because_o it_o may_v so_o fall_v out_o that_o some_o affair_n may_v arise_v which_o neither_o can_v be_v foresee_v at_o those_o general_a meeting_n nor_o may_v be_v defer_v till_o their_o next_o assemble_v therefore_o 2._o to_o prevent_v any_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v happen_v by_o this_o mean_n there_o be_v another_o great_a council_n hold_v every_o year_n make_v up_o of_o a_o select_a number_n of_o those_o who_o come_v to_o the_o general_n assembly_n and_o by_o they_o be_v such_o matter_n determine_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o with_o the_o concurrence_n of_o the_o same_o authority_n by_o which_o the_o other_o proceed_v such_o be_v the_o method_n of_o proceed_v 10._o in_o these_o public_a affair_n abroad_o and_o the_o same_o be_v in_o effect_n the_o polity_n of_o our_o own_o country_n under_o the_o government_n of_o our_o saxon_a prince_n they_o have_v their_o general_n council_n first_o in_o which_o they_o deliberate_v of_o all_o public_a matter_n and_o these_o council_n consist_v of_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n and_o abbot_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o of_o the_o wiseman_n great-man_n alder-man_n count_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o laity_n indifferent_o call_v in_o those_o time_n by_o any_o or_o all_o these_o name_n in_o these_o council_n they_o debate_v both_o of_o civil_a and_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n and_o make_v law_n with_o the_o prince_n consent_n and_o concurrence_n for_o the_o order_v of_o both_o and_o this_o they_o do_v as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v judge_v after_o the_o like_a manner_n that_o we_o have_v see_v the_o french_a be_v wont_a to_o do_v the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n advise_v apart_o in_o matter_n pure_o spiritual_a but_o the_o great-man_n debate_v together_o with_o they_o in_o civil_a and_o mix_v affair_n and_o in_o which_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o state_n be_v concern_v as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o the_o church_n thus_o athelstan_n when_o he_o publish_v his_o bed_n ecclesiastical_a law_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o do_v it_o with_o the_o counsel_n of_o his_o bishop_n but_o when_o he_o come_v to_o his_o other_o constitution_n we_o find_v from_o their_o subscription_n that_o his_o noble_n as_o well_o as_o bishop_n be_v present_a 53._o and_o that_o both_o assist_v at_o the_o make_n of_o them_o whether_o beside_o these_o general_a council_n 11._o there_o be_v not_o in_o those_o time_n some_o more_o particular_a one_o with_o we_o as_o there_o be_v in_o france_n i_o shall_v not_o undertake_v to_o say_v that_o in_o process_n of_o time_n there_o be_v we_o be_v very_o sure_a and_o to_o which_o such_o only_a of_o the_o bishop_n and_o great-man_n be_v call_v as_o the_o prince_n think_v sit_v to_o advise_v with_o indeed_o as_o to_o any_o settle_a time_n of_o these_o council_n meet_v it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o as_o yet_o there_o be_v any_o fix_v though_o afterward_o a_o custom_n begin_v to_o be_v introduce_v of_o hold_v these_o great_a council_n once_o every_o year_n but_o yet_o within_o this_o period_n our_o prince_n begin_v very_o solemn_o to_o keep_v the_o 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therefore_o transact_v with_o we_o as_o it_o be_v abroad_o in_o these_o state_n council_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v doubt_v but_o that_o within_o this_o period_n there_o be_v hold_v several_a ecclesiastical_a convocation_n or_o synod_n proper_o so_o call_v to_o these_o not_o only_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n be_v admit_v but_o the_o abbot_n and_o other_o clergy_n be_v call_v insomuch_o that_o in_o some_o of_o they_o we_o find_v priest_n deacon_n and_o monk_n and_o even_o abbess_v also_o mention_v and_o beside_o these_o not_o only_o the_o prince_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n present_a but_o oftentime_o his_o nobility_n together_o with_o he_o in_o these_o synod_n sometime_o the_o canonical_a discipline_n be_v enforce_v and_o matter_n of_o faith_n establish_v but_o general_o they_o meet_v for_o other_o purpose_n and_o do_v little_o more_o than_o either_o confirm_v the_o estate_n or_o privilege_n of_o some_o religious_a house_n or_o transact_v the_o like_a particular_a affair_n and_o still_o the_o general_n concern_v of_o religion_n be_v settle_v either_o by_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n apart_o or_o else_o by_o they_o together_o with_o the_o great_a man_n in_o the_o common-council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o now_o have_v say_v thus_o much_o to_o clear_v the_o way_n for_o a_o right_a understanding_n of_o the_o method_n in_o which_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v transact_v in_o those_o time_n in_o which_o christianity_n first_o begin_v to_o be_v settle_v among_o we_o by_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n i_o shall_v go_v on_o to_o take_v a_o short_a view_n of_o the_o most_o considerable_a assembly_n whether_o synod_n or_o council_n that_o be_v hold_v in_o this_o country_n before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o norman_a conquest_n it_o be_v about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 596_o chron._n that_o austin_n the_o monk_n have_v determine_v to_o undertake_v the_o conversion_n of_o the_o saxon_n in_o these_o part_n with_o the_o leave_v of_o pope_n gregory_n arrive_v here_o and_o have_v with_o good_a success_n persuade_v ethelbert_n king_n of_o kent_n to_o become_v his_o proselyte_n he_o from_o thenceforth_o begin_v to_o have_v a_o very_a great_a authority_n with_o he_o we_o be_v tell_v by_o a_o monkish_a historian_n 1614_o that_o about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 605_o that_o king_n be_v now_o full_o confirm_v in_o the_o christian_a faith_n do_v with_o bertha_n his_o queen_n and_o eadbald_a his_o son_n and_o with_o austin_n his_o bishop_n and_o the_o great_a lord_n of_o his_o land_n solemn_o keep_v his_o christmas_n at_o canterbury_n and_o there_o in_o a_o common_a council_n both_o of_o his_o clergy_n and_o people_n he_o endow_v the_o monastery_n which_o austin_n have_v found_v in_o that_o city_n and_o grant_v several_a large_a privilege_n and_o immunity_n to_o it_o i_o have_v before_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n of_o our_o king_n to_o keep_v the_o three_o great_a festival_n of_o the_o year_n with_o a_o extraordinary_a state_n and_o solemnity_n their_o bishop_n and_o great_a man_n attend_v upon_o they_o and_o they_o appear_v in_o the_o high_a pomp_n of_o majesty_n they_o can_v put_v on_o among_o they_o and_o take_v those_o occasion_n to_o transact_v such_o affair_n as_o they_o think_v expedient_a for_o the_o public_a welfare_n if_o there_o be_v any_o credit_n to_o be_v give_v to_o this_o relation_n for_o which_o i_o dare_v not_o answer_v then_o we_o must_v look_v upon_o this_o to_o have_v be_v such_o a_o civil_a council_n sure_o we_o be_v that_o in_o aftertime_n many_o be_v hold_v of_o the_o like_a kind_a but_o though_o in_o these_o day_n the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n determine_v in_o such_o meeting_n yet_o i_o have_v before_o say_v that_o some_o synod_n they_o have_v which_o be_v proper_o ecclesiastical_a and_o
any_o pope_n but_o such_o as_o be_v agreeable_a to_o his_o will_n and_o pleasure_n and_o particular_o that_o he_o will_v not_o endure_v any_o synod_n to_o be_v hold_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o england_n or_o any_o thing_n to_o be_v determine_v in_o any_o ecclesiastical_a cause_n without_o leave_n and_o authority_n first_o have_v from_o he_o to_o empower_v they_o so_o to_o do_v and_o the_o same_o be_v the_o resolution_n of_o his_o son_n after_o he_o and_o though_o be_v necessitate_v for_o the_o sake_n of_o their_o civil_a interest_n to_o yield_v a_o little_a some_o of_o our_o follow_a prince_n do_v submit_v to_o the_o papal_a usurpation_n yet_o no_o soon_o be_v their_o government_n grow_v strong_a and_o their_o peace_n settle_v but_o both_o our_o king_n and_o our_o great_a man_n present_o begin_v to_o assert_v their_o freedom_n and_o to_o cast_v off_o those_o chain_n which_o the_o pope_n have_v watch_v his_o opportunity_n to_o put_v upon_o they_o so_o that_o now_o then_o to_o give_v a_o short_a account_n 25._o of_o the_o method_n of_o manage_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n in_o this_o period_n it_o be_v brief_o this_o in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o which_o though_o alter_v in_o some_o circumstance_n by_o the_o conqueror_n from_o what_o it_o be_v before_o yet_o still_o continue_v in_o the_o main_a the_o same_o as_o the_o bishop_n and_o most_o considerable_a of_o the_o abbot_n have_v a_o place_n so_o now_o as_o heretofore_o ecclesiastical_a as_o well_o as_o civil_a cause_n be_v handle_v by_o they_o and_o law_n pass_v for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o church_n no_o less_o than_o of_o the_o state_n in_o the_o other_o and_o more_o select_a council_n of_o our_o king_n which_o in_o this_o period_n be_v hold_v sometime_o at_o the_o great_a feast_n and_o sometime_o at_o such_o other_o season_n as_o our_o prince_n think_v sit_v and_o to_o which_o they_o take_v such_o of_o their_o great_a man_n only_o both_o ecclesiastical_a and_o secular_a as_o themselves_o think_v sit_v many_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n 51._o be_v also_o debate_v though_o not_o with_o such_o authority_n as_o in_o the_o other_o more_o general_a council_n beside_o these_o assembly_n as_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o period_n ecclesiastical_a synod_n do_v often_o meet_v so_o in_o they_o be_v the_o rest_n of_o those_o matter_n transact_v which_o appertain_v to_o the_o church_n but_o then_o these_o as_o they_o meet_v not_o without_o the_o king_n licence_n so_o neither_o do_v they_o determine_v any_o thing_n but_o by_o his_o consent_n nor_o be_v their_o act_n of_o any_o authority_n until_o they_o be_v confirm_v by_o he_o this_o be_v the_o state_n of_o the_o church_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o period_n whilst_o it_o as_o yet_o stand_v free_a from_o the_o usurpation_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n how_o it_o come_v to_o be_v enslave_v afterward_o will_v better_o appear_v from_o that_o particular_a view_n we_o be_v now_o to_o take_v of_o those_o council_n in_o which_o any_o thing_n of_o great_a moment_n relate_v to_o the_o church_n have_v be_v conclude_v i_o have_v before_o observe_v how_o our_o conqueror_n prince_n very_o early_o begin_v with_o great_a solemnity_n to_o keep_v the_o three_o chief_a festival_n of_o the_o year_n and_o to_o be_v attend_v by_o their_o bishop_n and_o lord_n at_o they_o at_o one_o of_o these_o season_n present_o after_o he_o be_v settle_v in_o the_o government_n the_o conqueror_n command_v a_o synod_n to_o be_v hold_v and_o 1070._o make_v use_v of_o the_o pope_n au_o 〈…〉_z rity_n and_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o legate_n to_o strengthen_v what_o he_o have_v to_o do_v in_o it_o have_v thus_o assemble_v the_o bishop_n apart_o 968._o into_o a_o ecclesiastical_a council_n he_o proceed_v not_o only_o to_o deprive_v stigand_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n who_o in_o some_o measure_n deserve_v it_o but_o several_a other_o of_o the_o clergy_n for_o no_o other_o real_a reason_n but_o only_o that_o he_o do_v not_o love_v they_o or_o else_o want_v to_o have_v his_o norman_n in_o their_o place_n and_o have_v thus_o proceed_v as_o far_o as_o he_o think_v good_a in_o this_o council_n he_o stop_v still_o the_o next_o solemn_a festival_n and_o then_o in_o another_o synod_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o assemble_v by_o the_o same_o authority_n he_o go_v on_o to_o far_a deprivation_n after_o the_o like_a manner_n as_o he_o have_v do_v before_o it_o be_v at_o a_o like_a meeting_n of_o his_o bishop_n 20._o and_o lord_n about_o two_o year_n after_o that_o resolve_v the_o great_a council_n into_o a_o ecclesiastical_a synod_n he_o determine_v the_o primacy_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n over_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n and_o subscribe_v his_o name_n to_o the_o act_n of_o it_o what_o that_o synod_n be_v which_o lanfrank_n sometime_o after_o hold_v at_o westminster_n we_o be_v not_o tell_v this_o we_o be_v inform_v that_o it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o king_n command_n and_o that_o he_o be_v present_a at_o this_o as_o he_o have_v be_v at_o the_o other_o two_o whether_o this_o be_v the_o same_o council_n which_o we_o find_v record_v by_o malmsbury_n in_o the_o life_n of_o lanfranc_n or_o whether_o there_o be_v another_o assemble_v the_o same_o year_n i_o can_v tell_v but_o that_o a_o synod_n be_v hold_v about_o this_o time_n at_o london_n we_o be_v 10_o well_o assure_v in_o this_o many_o ancient_a canon_n be_v revive_v and_o the_o foundation_n lay_v for_o renew_v the_o ecclesiastical_a discipline_n of_o the_o church_n and_o because_o this_o have_v not_o sufficient_o determine_v what_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v do_v the_o next_o year_n after_o he_o hold_v another_o at_o winchester_n etc._n in_o which_o several_a useful_a constitution_n be_v establish_v the_o head_n of_o which_o still_o remain_v to_o we_o these_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o those_o ecclesiastical_a synod_n that_o we_o be_v tell_v be_v assemble_v under_o k._n william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o the_o last_o of_o which_o however_o say_v to_o have_v be_v call_v by_o lanfranc_n who_o also_o preside_v in_o they_o yet_o still_o we_o must_v remember_v what_o we_o have_v before_o in_o general_a observe_v of_o this_o king_n that_o the_o 6._o archbishop_n call_v they_o by_o his_o command_n who_o also_o approve_v their_o act_n before_o he_o suffer_v they_o to_o have_v any_o authority_n in_o this_o realm_n for_o the_o far_a confirmation_n of_o which_o 27._o remark_n let_v we_o only_o cast_v our_o eye_n upon_o the_o conduct_n of_o this_o prince_n as_o to_o these_o matter_n in_o his_o own_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n and_o from_o thence_o we_o shall_v be_v able_a the_o more_o certain_o to_o judge_v what_o power_n he_o claim_v over_o his_o clergy_n in_o his_o new_a dominion_n and_o here_o we_o find_v that_o at_o whitsuntide_n anno_fw-la 1086_o he_o assemble_v his_o parliament_n at_o rouen_n the_o member_n who_o compose_v it_o be_v the_o same_o that_o in_o those_o day_n make_v up_o we_o there_o be_v present_a the_o archbishop_n bishop_n and_o abbot_n of_o his_o territory_n and_o with_o they_o the_o great_a lord_n of_o the_o laity_n be_v meet_v they_o 552._o make_v several_a law_n for_o the_o government_n both_o of_o the_o church_n and_o state_n and_o he_o be_v both_o present_a at_o their_o debate_n and_o by_o his_o authority_n confirm_v what_o have_v be_v agree_v on_o by_o they_o and_o when_o some_o time_n before_o the_o archbishop_n of_o rouen_n hold_v a_o provincial_a synod_n with_o his_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n pure_o to_o consult_v of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n and_o several_a canon_n be_v compile_v by_o they_o the_o act_n of_o it_o observe_v that_o the_o conqueror_n 311._o be_v himself_o both_o present_a at_o the_o make_n of_o they_o and_o that_o he_o afterward_o confirm_v they_o by_o his_o command_n such_o be_v the_o authority_n which_o this_o prince_n exercise_v over_o his_o synod_n as_o ii_o for_o his_o successor_n king_n william_n the_o second_o he_o be_v not_o at_o all_o less_o but_o rather_o be_v more_o stiff_a in_o assert_v his_o right_n as_o to_o these_o matter_n than_o ever_o his_o father_n have_v be_v insomuch_o that_o be_v on_o a_o time_n desire_v by_o anselm_n archbishop_n of_o 25._o canterbury_n to_o employ_v his_o authority_n to_o the_o restore_n of_o christianity_n almost_o utter_o deface_v in_o his_o realm_n he_o ask_v he_o what_o he_o will_v have_v he_o do_v command_v say_v anselm_n council_n to_o be_v renew_v according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n there_o let_v it_o be_v inquire_v what_o have_v be_v do_v a_o miss_n and_o let_v a_o seasonable_a provision_n be_v make_v for_o the_o remedy_n of_o it_o there_o have_v not_o be_v hold_v a_o general_a council_n of_o bishop_n since_o you_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n nor_o for_o some_o time_n before_o through_o this_o defect_n many_o
synod_n of_o this_o kind_n during_o this_o period_n §_o 14._o etc._n etc._n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n of_o most_o note_n that_o be_v transact_v in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o same_o period_n §_o 18._o etc._n etc._n ii_o period_n from_o the_o come_n in_o of_o k._n william_n i._o to_o the_o 23d_o of_o k._n edward_n i._n the_o papal_a power_n begin_v about_o this_o time_n to_o prevail_v over_o the_o prince_n authority_n §_o 21._o by_o what_o degree_n it_o do_v so_o §_o 22_o etc._n etc._n william_n the_o conqueror_n stand_v out_o against_o its_o encroachment_n and_o continue_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n in_o the_o same_o state_n they_o be_v in_o before_o §_o 24._o so_o do_v his_o son_n after_o he_o §_o 25._o what_o that_o state_n be_v ibid._n a_o historical_a account_n of_o the_o chief_a ecclesiastical_a synod_n under_o king_n willam_n i._o §_o 26_o 27._o king_n william_n ii_o §_o 28._o king_n henry_n i._o §_o 29._o how_o the_o pope_n now_o begin_v to_o send_v his_o legate_n hither_o and_o by_o that_o mean_v encroach_v upon_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o the_o business_n before_o we_o §_o 30._o how_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n give_v the_o next_o shock_n to_o it_o §_o 31._o of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n under_o k._n stephen_n §_o 31._o k._n henry_n ii_o §_o 32._o k._n richard_n i._o §_o 33._o k._n john_n §_o 34._o k._n henry_n iii_o §_o 35._o k._n edward_n i._o §_o 36._o how_o far_o our_o king_n during_o this_o period_n continue_v to_o transact_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n in_o their_o great_a council_n §_o 37_o iii_o period_n from_o the_o 23d_o of_o king_n edward_n i_o to_o the_o 25_o of_o king_n henry_n viii_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o civil_a government_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o period_n particular_o of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n §_o 43._o of_o the_o change_n which_o some_o suppose_v be_v about_o this_o time_n make_v in_o it_o §_o 44_o 45_o that_o the_o same_o change_n be_v make_v in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o civil_a part_n of_o it_o §_o 46._o what_o place_n from_o thenceforth_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n have_v in_o it_o show_v from_o the_o parliament_n write_v §_o 47._o from_o the_o parliament_n roll_n §_o 48._o how_o our_o great_a council_n meet_v and_o act_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o establishment_n §_o 49._o of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o convocation_n as_o it_o be_v a_o provincial_a synod_n about_o this_o time_n show_v from_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o parliament_n and_o convocation_n write_v §_o 50_o 51._o how_o the_o convocation_n come_v to_o bè_v summon_v at_o or_o about_o the_o same_o time_n with_o the_o parliament_n §_o 51._o whether_o one_o may_v not_o be_v hold_v without_o the_o other_o §_o 52._o by_o who_o the_o convocation_n in_o these_o time_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v call_v §_o 53._o of_o the_o chief_a convocation_n hold_v under_o k._n edw._n i._o §_o 54._o k._n edw._n ii_o §_o 55._o k._n edw._n iii_o §_o 56._o of_o the_o opposition_n which_o begin_v about_o this_o time_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o pope_n usurpation_n ibid._n of_o the_o convocation_n under_o our_o follow_a king_n to_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n viii_o §_o 58_o ad_fw-la 61._o period_n iu._n from_o the_o 25_o of_o k._n henry_n viii_o to_o our_o own_o time_n a_o historical_a account_n of_o the_o statute_n 25._o hen._n viii_o cap._n 19_o §_o 62_o 63_o 64._o of_o the_o dependence_n which_o the_o convocation_n have_v upon_o the_o parliament_n §_o 65._o whether_o the_o convocation_n as_o it_o now_o stand_v be_v any_o part_n of_o the_o parliament_n §_o 66._o of_o select_a committee_n and_o the_o great_a use_n that_o have_v be_v make_v of_o they_o under_o this_o period_n §_o 67._o the_o several_a way_n of_o transact_v ecclesiastical_a affair_n at_o this_o day_n consider_v in_o five_o particular_n §_o 68_o it_o be_v at_o the_o prince_n choice_n by_o which_o of_o these_o he_o will_v from_o time_n to_o time_n transact_v they_o §_o 69_o 70._o chap._n v._n the_o opinion_n advance_v in_o the_o late_a letter_n to_o a_o convocation_n man_n state_v and_o the_o argument_n examine_v by_o which_o the_o author_n of_o it_o pretend_v to_o show_v 1._o that_o the_o convocation_n have_v a_o right_a to_o meet_v whenever_o the_o parliament_n do_v and_o 2._o that_o be_v meet_v it_o have_v also_o a_o right_n to_o act_n without_o any_o licence_n from_o the_o king_n to_o empower_v it_o so_o to_o do_v the_o subject_a of_o this_o chapter_n propose_v §_o 1._o and_o the_o question_n in_o debate_n state_v from_o the_o word_n of_o the_o letter_n here_o to_o be_v examine_v §_o 2._o whether_o the_o church_n have_v any_o original_a inherent_a right_n of_o its_o own_o to_o assemble_v synod_n §_o 3._o the_o first_o question_n bring_v to_o its_o true_a state_n §_o 4._o the_o second_o question_n in_o like_a manner_n reduce_v to_o its_o true_a bound_n §_o 5._o i._o question_n §_o 6._o that_o the_o convocation_n have_v a_o right_a to_o sit_v as_o often_o as_o the_o parliament_n meet_v do_v not_o follow_v 1._o from_o any_o suppose_a parallel_n between_o they_o §_o 7._o which_o be_v examine_v and_o answer_v ib._n that_o there_o be_v more_o need_n of_o frequent_a parliament_n than_o of_o frequent_a convocation_n §_o 8._o 2._o nor_o from_o the_o 8_o hen._n vi_o §_o 9_o 3._o nor_o from_o its_o power_n to_o judge_v in_o matter_n of_o heresy_n §_o 10._o 4._o nor_o from_o the_o bishop_n parliament_n write_v §_o 11._o the_o objection_n of_o the_o archbishops_n be_v prohibit_v by_o the_o king_n justice_n to_o hold_v a_o synod_n by_o his_o own_o authority_n neither_o well_o relate_v nor_o to_o the_o purpose_n §_o 12._o 5._o nor_o from_o the_o description_n of_o a_o convocation_n in_o the_o law_n dictionary_n §_o 13_o ii_o question_n §_o 14._o that_o the_o convocation_n be_v meet_v may_v proceed_v to_o act_n without_o the_o king_n licence_n not_o prove_v 1._o from_o any_o thing_n unreasonable_a that_o will_v follow_v if_o it_o may_v not_o §_o 15._o 2._o nor_o from_o any_o suppose_a right_n which_o they_o have_v to_o the_o king_n licence_n if_o it_o be_v needful_a §_o 16._o 3._o nor_o from_o the_o parallel_n again_o urge_v between_o the_o convocation_n and_o the_o parliament_n §_o 17._o 4._o nor_o from_o the_o prohibition_n ancient_o send_v by_o the_o king_n to_o it_o §_o 18._o 5._o the_o stature_n 25._o hen._n viii_o vindicated_n from_o the_o new_a interpretation_n give_v of_o it_o by_o this_o author_n §_o 19_o 20._o the_o king_n be_v right_a to_o send_v commissioner_n to_o sit_v in_o convocation_n nothing_o to_o his_o advantage_n §_o 21._o of_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o convocation_n in_o point_n of_o judicature_n §_o 23._o the_o case_n between_o dr._n standish_n and_o the_o convocation_n relate_v as_o it_o stand_v in_o our_o ancient_a law_n book_n §_o 24._o chap._n vi_o some_o rule_n lay_v down_o by_o which_o to_o judge_v for_o what_o cause_n and_o at_o what_o time_n synod_n ought_v or_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v assemble_v and_o the_o allegation_n bring_v to_o prove_v a_o convocation_n to_o be_v at_o this_o time_n necessary_a to_o be_v hold_v examine_v by_o them_o it_o be_v confess_v that_o the_o king_n ought_v to_o suffer_v the_o convocation_n to_o sit_v when_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o church_n do_v real_o require_v it_o §_o 1_o the_o author_n position_n lay_v down_o and_o the_o method_n propose_v for_o the_o examine_v of_o it_o §_o 2._o i._o that_o synod_n be_v oftentimes_o useless_a and_o even_o hurtful_a to_o the_o church_n §_o 3._o the_o end_n for_o which_o synod_n ought_v to_o be_v call_v best_a show_n when_o it_o be_v fit_v to_o call_v they_o §_o 4._o the_o general_a measure_n from_o whence_o to_o judge_n of_o this_o from_o thence_o state_v §_o 5._o from_o those_o general_n measure_v the_o follow_v particular_a rule_n deduce_v 1._o synod_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v call_v to_o determine_v plain_a and_o clear_a matter_n §_o 6._o 2._o nor_o for_o such_o as_o have_v by_o a_o equal_a or_o perhaps_o great_a authority_n be_v already_o determine_v §_o 7._o 3._o nor_o to_o do_v that_o which_o may_v be_v do_v by_o more_o easy_n and_o ordinary_a method_n §_o 8._o 4._o nor_o when_o there_o be_v no_o probable_a expectation_n of_o any_o good_a to_o come_v from_o their_o meeting_n §_o 9_o 5._o nor_o in_o unquiet_a and_o unsettled_a time_n §_o 10._o ii_o what_o the_o author_n of_o the_o letter_n etc._n etc._n have_v offer_v to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v necessary_a a_o convocation_n shall_v now_o meet_v §_o 11._o it_o be_v confess_v that_o we_o stand_v in_o great_a need_n of_o a_o reformation_n but_o it_o do_v not_o thence_o follow_v that_o we_o
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it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o take_v a_o short_a view_n of_o it_o in_o the_o first_o place_n than_o he_o appoint_v 7._o two_o assembly_n to_o be_v hold_v every_o year_n the_o one_o a_o general_n council_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n 239._o abbot_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o other_o more_o select_a consist_v only_o of_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o the_o more_o age_a and_o honourable_a of_o all_o these_o such_o as_o the_o prince_n shall_v think_v sit_v to_o choose_v together_o with_o his_o principal_a minister_n of_o state_n who_o he_o also_o call_v to_o it_o in_o the_o general_n council_n all_o the_o public_a affair_n for_o the_o follow_a year_n be_v settle_v in_o the_o other_o be_v handle_v such_o incidental_a matter_n as_o not_o be_v foresee_v can_v not_o by_o consequence_n be_v provide_v for_o in_o that_o great_a assembly_n and_o yet_o be_v of_o such_o a_o nature_n that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v defer_v till_o that_o council_n shall_v meet_v again_o in_o both_o 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enormity_n have_v break_v out_o and_o there_o be_v none_o to_o suppress_v they_o they_o have_v by_o a_o evil_a custom_n grow_v to_o too_o great_a a_o height_n to_o which_o the_o king_n answer_v of_o this_o i_o will_v determine_v when_o i_o see_v fit_a and_o that_o at_o my_o own_o pleasure_n not_o at_o you_o and_o he_o keep_v his_o word_n with_o he_o for_o 2373._o during_o his_o whole_a reign_n there_o be_v no_o ecclesiastical_a synod_n hold_v in_o england_n but_o what_o this_o king_n deny_v the_o next_o i._n ready_o comply_v with_o for_o in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o consent_v to_o the_o desire_n of_o anselm_n to_o call_v a_o synod_n and_o according_o at_o michaelmas_n anno_fw-la 1102_o 58._o a_o convocation_n meet_v in_o st._n peter_n church_n near_o london_n at_o this_o synod_n not_o only_o the_o king_n but_o all_o his_o noble_n be_v present_a the_o archbishop_n desire_v they_o may_v be_v full_o satisfy_v in_o the_o order_n which_o shall_v be_v make_v to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v the_o more_o ready_o afterward_o concur_v with_o the_o bishop_n in_o the_o enforcement_n 732._o of_o they_o for_o so_o the_o iniquity_n of_o those_o time_n require_v in_o which_o for_o want_v of_o synod_n vice_n be_v grow_v to_o a_o extraordinary_a height_n and_o the_o fervour_n of_o christianity_n be_v much_o abate_v it_o be_v a_o long_a time_n after_o this_o before_o any_o other_o ecclesiastical_a synod_n be_v hold_v in_o this_o country_n but_o then_o there_o meet_v one_o of_o a_o extraordinary_a nature_n and_o which_o i_o must_v take_v particular_a notice_n of_o because_o that_o in_o it_o be_v make_v the_o first_o considerable_a invasion_n upon_o the_o prince_n authority_n as_o to_o this_o matter_n in_o these_o part_n pope_n honorius_n have_v appoint_v jo._n de_fw-fr crema_fw-la to_o go_v as_o his_o legate_n into_o england_n 30._o he_o meet_v the_o king_n in_o normandy_n and_o after_o have_v be_v stop_v for_o some_o time_n by_o he_o manage_v his_o business_n so_o well_o as_o to_o obtain_v the_o king_n permission_n to_o come_v over_o hither_o be_v arrive_v here_o he_o assemble_v a_o national_a council_n by_o his_o 32._o legatine_n authority_n anno_fw-la 1125._o and_o the_o method_n he_o take_v of_o do_v of_o it_o be_v worth_a our_o notice_n it_o be_v the_o first_o instance_n we_o have_v of_o any_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n that_o be_v attempt_v here_o the_o legate_n assume_v to_o himself_o the_o king_n prerogative_n command_v the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n to_o issue_n out_o his_o writ_n for_o the_o call_v of_o it_o this_o the_o archbishop_n be_v force_v to_o submit_v to_o yet_o be_v 33._o desirous_a to_o maintain_v his_o own_o authority_n as_o well_o as_o he_o can_v he_o draw_v up_o the_o writ_n in_o these_o word_n william_n etc._n etc._n archbishop_n of_o cant._n to_o urban_n bishop_n of_o landaff_n health_n i_o signify_v to_o you_o by_o this_o letter_n that_o john_n cardinal_z priest_z and_o legate_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n have_v by_o our_o order_n and_o connivance_n design_v to_o hold_v a_o council_n at_o london_n the_o day_n of_o the_o bless_a virgin_n be_v nativity_n wherefore_o i_o command_v you_o that_o at_o the_o time_n and_o place_n prefix_v you_o fail_v not_o to_o meet_v we_o with_o the_o archdeacon_n abbot_n and_o prior_n of_o your_o diocese_n to_o determine_v concern_v certain_a ecclesiastical_a affair_n and_o to_o reform_v or_o correct_v what_o the_o sentence_n of_o our_o say_a convocation_n shall_v agree_v be_v to_o be_v reform_v or_o correct_v the_o council_n be_v thus_o assemble_v the_o legate_n preside_v in_o it_o he_o sit_v not_o only_o above_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n but_o above_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n who_o come_v thither_o by_o this_o pride_n of_o he_o he_o raise_v the_o indignation_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n against_o he_o and_o be_v catch_v in_o bed_n with_o a_o whore_n at_o night_n after_o have_v bitter_o inveigh_v against_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o 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clergy_n to_o abandon_v their_o wife_n in_o another_o council_n hold_v at_o london_n august_n the_o one_a 1129._o he_o persuade_v the_o bishop_n to_o leave_v the_o order_v of_o that_o matter_n to_o himself_o which_o be_v do_v he_o exact_v vast_a sum_n of_o money_n from_o the_o marry_a priest_n and_o instead_o of_o force_v they_o to_o leave_v their_o wife_n give_v licence_n to_o such_o as_o will_v pay_v for_o it_o to_o live_v on_o free_o with_o them_o king_n henry_n be_v dead_a it_o can_v be_v wonder_v if_o the_o invasion_n begin_v to_o be_v stephen_n make_v upon_o the_o prince_n right_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v not_o only_o continue_v but_o increase_v under_o k._n stephen_n he_o who_o sound_v one_o part_n 314._o of_o his_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n upon_o the_o papal_a authority_n can_v hardly_o be_v suppose_v capable_a of_o deny_v the_o pope_n the_o same_o power_n which_o his_o predecessor_n have_v allow_v to_o he_o and_o for_o the_o oppose_v whereof_o 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the_o king_n with_o his_o lord_n confirm_v the_o decree_n of_o it_o how_o these_o matter_n flood_n in_o the_o next_o reign_n it_o will_v not_o be_v very_o easy_a to_o say_v i_o in_o which_o the_o king_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n absent_a upon_o his_o expedition_n to_o the_o holy_a land_n and_o by_o the_o mean_n whereof_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n suffer_v not_o a_o little_a at_o home_n yet_o baldwyn_n the_o archbishop_n 145._o design_v to_o accompany_v the_o king_n before_o he_o set_v out_o assemble_v a_o provincial_a synod_n to_o settle_v the_o state_n of_o the_o church_n and_o to_o take_v such_o care_n as_o he_o think_v needful_a to_o secure_v the_o liberty_n of_o his_o see_n it_o be_v not_o long_o after_o that_o william_n 161._o bishop_n of_o eli_n hold_v another_o synod_n at_o westminster_n but_o he_o be_v endue_v with_o the_o double_a character_n both_o of_o lord_n justice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o richard_n absence_n and_o of_o the_o pope_n legate_n as_o we_o 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satisfaction_n from_o the_o king_n and_o be_v therefore_o to_o relax_v the_o sentence_n which_o have_v pass_v both_o upon_o he_o and_o the_o kingdom_n that_o he_o may_v do_v it_o with_o the_o more_o pomp_n cause_v a_o solemn_a council_n to_o be_v hold_v at_o st._n paul_n london_n and_o there_o release_v the_o realm_n from_o its_o interdict_v and_o restore_v the_o king_n to_o his_o royal_a authority_n and_o here_o we_o must_v put_v a_o end_n to_o iii_o these_o inquiry_n during_o this_o troublesome_a reign_n for_o from_o henceforth_o the_o kingdom_n be_v in_o a_o continual_a disorder_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o which_o the_o king_n at_o last_o died_z but_o though_o by_o the_o wise_a management_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o pembroke_n his_o governor_n king_n kenry_n the_o 3d._n soon_o bring_v thing_n into_o a_o better_a posture_n in_o the_o state_n yet_o still_o the_o usurpation_n be_v maintain_v in_o the_o church_n and_o the_o archbishop_n as_o legate_z continued_z to_z summon_v the_o clergy_n to_o his_o synod_n so_o do_v stephen_n langton_n anno_fw-la 1222_o in_o which_o he_o hold_v his_o famous_a 464._o synod_n at_o oxford_n and_o publish_v those_o constitution_n which_o still_o pass_v under_o his_o name_n about_o four_o year_n after_o otto_n the_o legate_n come_v hither_o to_o enlarge_v the_o pope_n revenue_n before_o too_o great_a in_o this_o kingdom_n hold_v a_o council_n at_o westminster_n the_o 1226._o day_n after_o hilary_n and_o propose_v to_o the_o clergy_n the_o project_n upon_o which_o he_o come_v to_o avoid_v the_o design_n he_o have_v upon_o they_o the_o bishop_n make_v answer_v that_o the_o king_n be_v indispose_v be_v absent_a and_o several_a of_o their_o brethren_n be_v not_o come_v to_o the_o synod_n and_o so_o they_o can_v resolve_v upon_o nothing_o for_o want_n of_o them_o the_o legate_n who_o understand_v the_o meaning_n of_o this_o propose_v to_o they_o that_o they_o shall_v at_o least_o agree_v to_o another_o meeting_n about_o midlent_a and_o he_o will_v undertake_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v come_v to_o it_o but_o the_o bishop_n reply_v that_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n and_o their_o brethren_n who_o be_v absent_a they_o can_v not_o agree_v to_o any_o such_o proposal_n and_o the_o king_n himself_o forbid_v all_o who_o hold_v any_o barony_n of_o he_o to_o do_v any_o thing_n in_o prejudice_n of_o his_o right_n so_o zealous_a be_v these_o man_n for_o the_o king_n prerogative_n when_o they_o need_v it_o to_o guard_v they_o against_o the_o encroachment_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o so_o little_a do_v man_n value_v how_o different_o they_o behave_v themselves_o when_o their_o interest_n lead_v they_o to_o shift_v their_o party_n and_o their_o opinion_n but_o though_o the_o king_n now_o join_v with_o 1237._o his_o clergy_n against_o the_o pope_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o very_o long_o before_o he_o himself_o invite_v the_o same_o otho_n to_o come_v again_o as_o legate_z into_o england_n who_o be_v according_o come_v hither_o 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but_o there_o be_v another_o respect_n under_o which_o the_o clergy_n in_o convocation_n may_v be_v consider_v and_o of_o which_o it_o will_v therefore_o be_v necessary_a for_o i_o to_o give_v also_o some_o account_n before_o i_o go_v on_o to_o take_v any_o particular_a view_n of_o what_o be_v do_v by_o they_o under_o this_o capacity_n i_o have_v before_o say_v that_o when_o the_o king_n order_v his_o writ_n to_o be_v issue_v out_o for_o call_v a_o parliament_n he_o do_v at_o the_o same_o time_n direct_v two_o other_o to_o be_v send_v to_o the_o two_o archbishop_n to_o summon_v the_o clergy_n of_o their_o respective_a province_n to_o meet_v together_o about_o the_o same_o time_n and_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a for_o i_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o difference_n there_o be_v between_o these_o two_o kind_n of_o summons_n because_o that_o by_o that_o we_o shall_v be_v able_a the_o better_a to_o judge_v what_o be_v intend_v by_o each_o of_o them_o first_o 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etc._n etc._n tam_fw-la exemptos_fw-la quam_fw-la non_fw-la exemptos_fw-la and_o so_o give_v many_o a_o place_n in_o convocation_n that_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v in_o the_o parliament_n 5._o last_o by_o the_o parliamentary-writ_a they_o be_v ever_o to_o meet_v at_o the_o very_a precise_a time_n the_o parliament_n do_v by_o the_o other_o they_o not_o only_o do_v not_o meet_v always_o at_o the_o same_o precise_a time_n but_o very_o often_o at_o such_o time_n as_o no_o parliament_n be_v sit_v which_o be_v the_o case_n of_o the_o most_o ancient_a convocation-writ_a i_o have_v 〈◊〉_d meet_v with_o of_o the_o 9_o edw._n ii_o and_o according_a to_o which_o the_o convocation_n sit_v febr._n 17_o whereas_o the_o parliament_n meet_v the_o october_n before_o it_o be_v therefore_o as_o plain_a as_o any_o thing_n 51._o can_v well_o be_v that_o the_o convocation_n of_o the_o clergy_n consider_v as_o call_v by_o the_o parliamentary-writ_n and_o sit_v by_o virtue_n of_o they_o and_o the_o convocation_n consider_v as_o summon_v by_o the_o convocation-writ_a and_o the_o order_n of_o the_o archbishop_n consequent_a thereupon_o be_v in_o their_o nature_n and_o constitution_n two_o different_a assembly_n and_o which_o by_o no_o mean_n aught_o to_o be_v confound_v together_o the_o great_a question_n be_v what_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o convocation_n as_o distinguish_v from_o the_o parliamentary-convention_n be_v and_o what_o the_o design_n of_o their_o meeting_n original_o be_v have_v these_o convocation_n be_v always_o assemble_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o archbishop_n without_o any_o writ_n from_o the_o king_n as_o oftentimes_o heretofore_o they_o be_v and_o have_v they_o meddle_v only_o with_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n when_o they_o meet_v it_o will_v have_v be_v no_o hard_a matter_n to_o give_v a_o plain_a and_o certain_a answer_n to_o this_o enquiry_n because_o in_o that_o case_n it_o will_v have_v be_v evident_a that_o these_o convocation_n be_v no_o other_o than_o provincial_a synod_n which_o the_o archbishop_n take_v occasion_n to_o assemble_v for_o the_o ease_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o church_n at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o they_o be_v otherwise_o require_v to_o come_v together_o for_o the_o business_n of_o the_o state_n and_o this_o use_v our_o king_n be_v wont_n sometime_o to_o make_v of_o them_o they_o refer_v ecclesiastical_a matter_n to_o they_o and_o advise_v with_o they_o in_o thing_n pertain_v to_o religion_n but_o as_o the_o form_n of_o their_o summons_n entitle_v they_o to_o meet_v upon_o some_o urgent_a affair_n which_o concern_v not_o only_o the_o security_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n but_o of_o the_o king_n too_o and_o the_o peace_n and_o tranquillity_n the_o public_a good_a and_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o the_o main_a design_n our_o prince_n seem_v to_o have_v have_v in_o assemble_v these_o convocation_n either_o at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o do_v their_o parliament_n or_o not_o long_o after_o be_v to_o get_v money_n from_o they_o that_o so_o in_o a_o much_o full_a body_n of_o the_o clergy_n than_o what_o usual_o come_v to_o the_o state-council_n and_o consist_v of_o such_o member_n particular_o as_o be_v most_o haâ—d_a to_o be_v deal_v with_o the_o abbot_n and_o 〈◊〉_d they_o may_v either_o obtain_v a_o supply_n from_o the_o clergy_n there_o when_o they_o have_v 〈◊〉_d in_o parliament_n or_o have_v that_o supply_v confirm_v by_o they_o in_o convocation_n which_o have_v before_o be_v grant_v to_o they_o in_o parliament_n nor_o be_v this_o any_o vain_a conjecture_n but_o found_v upon_o a_o general_n observation_n of_o what_o be_v do_v by_o the_o convocation_n when_o it_o meet_v and_o which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o confirm_v or_o make_v a_o order_n for_o money_n and_o even_o upon_o the_o very_a summons_n themselves_o which_o be_v ancient_o send_v to_o they_o and_o in_o which_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o meeting_n be_v oftentimes_o more_o particular_o express_v than_o afterward_o it_o be_v 9_o wont_a to_o be_v i_o shall_v offer_v a_o instance_n of_o this_o in_o that_o ancient_a summons_n before_o mention_v 9_o edw._n ii_o in_o which_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o those_o bishop_n and_o other_o 1â—9_n of_o the_o clergy_n who_o be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n have_v as_o far_o as_o they_o be_v concern_v unanimous_o yield_v to_o a_o subsidy_n but_o so_o that_o other_o of_o the_o clergy_n who_o be_v not_o summon_v to_o parliament_n shall_v meet_v in_o convocation_n and_o consent_v thereto_o and_o that_o for_o this_o cause_n the_o king_n have_v send_v his_o writ_n to_o the_o archbishop_n to_o summon_v all_o prelate_n whether_o religious_a or_o other_o and_o other_o of_o the_o clergy_n of_o his_o province_n to_o meet_v at_o london_n post_v 15_o pasch._n to_o treat_v and_o consent_n of_o the_o matter_n aforesaid_a this_o therefore_o be_v the_o great_a use_n which_o our_o king_n be_v wont_a all_o along_o to_o make_v of_o their_o convocation_n and_o from_o this_o it_o come_v to_o be_v the_o custom_n to_o summon_v they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n as_o often_o as_o the_o parliament_n meet_v and_o generally_n at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o it_o do_v so_o but_o though_o our_o convocation_n therefore_o 52._o even_o as_o ecclesiastical_a synod_n have_v by_o this_o mean_n come_v to_o be_v for_o a_o long_a time_n summon_v at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o the_o parliament_n be_v to_o meet_v yet_o i_o do_v not_o see_v any_o reason_n there_o be_v to_o consine_n they_o so_o close_o to_o such_o a_o season_n as_o to_o make_v it_o absolute_o necessary_a for_o the_o king_n to_o call_v the_o one_o whenever_o he_o do_v the_o other_o indeed_o custom_n which_o in_o such_o case_n aught_o to_o be_v allow_v its_o just_a force_n have_v prevail_v so_o far_o that_o it_o may_v be_v question_v whether_o the_o clergy_n thereby_o have_v not_o a_o right_a to_o
convocation_n be_v call_v they_o 44._o shall_v not_o only_o meet_v formal_o but_o sit_v and_o act_n as_o the_o parliament_n do_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o session_n of_o convocation_n as_o well_o as_o a_o session_n of_o parliament_n now_o not_o to_o be_v too_o curious_a in_o examine_v the_o parallel_n here_o offer_v betwixt_o these_o two_o and_o which_o be_v it_o as_o exact_v as_o i_o be_o confident_a it_o be_v not_o will_v yet_o no_o more_o prove_v their_o privilege_n to_o be_v equal_a than_o the_o likeness_n of_o two_o corporation_n in_o have_v a_o mayor_n aldermen_z and_o common-council_n will_v prove_v that_o therefore_o in_o despite_n of_o their_o several_a charter_n they_o must_v have_v all_o the_o same_o privilege_n also_o one_a i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v that_o the_o convocation_n be_v of_o the_o same_o power_n with_o regard_n to_o the_o church_n that_o the_o parliament_n be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o state_n because_o i_o be_o tell_v by_o very_o good_a lawyer_n that_o the_o convocation_n in_o make_v ecclesiastical_a constitution_n must_v proceed_v by_o certain_a rule_n and_o can_v even_o with_o the_o king_n consent_n conclude_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n 19_o or_o statute_n or_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n but_o now_o the_o parliament_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o any_o such_o limitation_n its_o power_n be_v arbitrary_a and_o uncontrollable_a and_o be_v join_v with_o the_o royal_a authority_n can_v enact_v what_o it_o will_v for_o the_o public_a good_a any_o law_n statute_n or_o custom_n to_o the_o contrary_a in_o any_o wise_n notwithstanding_o 2._o as_o for_o the_o word_n parliament_n i_o shall_v not_o much_o contend_v with_o he_o about_o it_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o it_o be_v a_o name_n bring_v in_o by_o the_o norman_n and_o but_o late_o receive_v among_o we_o to_o denote_v those_o meeting_n of_o state_n which_o be_v ancient_o call_v mycel_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d colloquium_fw-la concilium_fw-la synodus_fw-la and_o the_o like_a it_o be_v more_o extraordinary_a which_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o as_o wittenagemote_a be_v wont_a to_o signify_v what_o we_o call_v a_o parliament_n so_o church-gemote_a denote_v what_o we_o call_v a_o convocation_n and_o for_o which_o i_o be_o confident_a he_o will_v be_v hard_o put_v to_o it_o 4_o to_o bring_v we_o any_o author_n elder_a than_o sir_n edw._n coke_n from_o who_o as_o poor_a godolphin_n first_o so_o have_v he_o now_o take_v it_o at_o all_o adventure_n though_o be_v this_o true_a the_o observation_n will_v amount_v in_o plain_a english_a to_o no_o more_o than_o this_o that_o as_o a_o parliament_n be_v ancient_o call_v a_o assembly_n of_o the_o wiseman_n so_o be_v a_o convocation_n call_v a_o assembly_n of_o churchman_n and_o of_o which_o if_o he_o can_v make_v any_o use_n i_o shall_v not_o envy_v he_o the_o honour_n of_o so_o weighty_a and_o critical_a a_o remark_n be_v it_o needful_a in_o return_n to_o these_o little_a remark_n to_o mention_v the_o several_a difference_n that_o may_v be_v assign_v between_o these_o two_o assembly_n i_o may_v easy_o enlarge_v they_o into_o many_o more_o particular_n and_o of_o much_o great_a importance_n than_o those_o which_o he_o have_v allege_v to_o say_v nothing_o of_o the_o convocation_n be_v multiply_v according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o province_n into_o which_o the_o church_n be_v divide_v and_o represent_v the_o clergy_n not_o of_o the_o whole_a church_n but_o only_o of_o one_o part_n of_o it_o whereas_o the_o parliament_n be_v a_o assembly_n for_o the_o whole_a realm_n the_o manner_n of_o consult_v resolve_v and_o act_v be_v very_o different_a in_o the_o one_o and_o in_o the_o other_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o archbishop_n be_v much_o other_o in_o the_o convocation_n than_o the_o lordkeeper_n be_v in_o the_o parliament_n but_o especial_o the_o power_n of_o the_o parliament_n in_o make_v law_n free_a and_o unbounded_a whereas_o the_o convocation_n be_v by_o authority_n of_o parliament_n determine_v both_o in_o its_o principle_n and_o power_n of_o act_v and_o can_v neither_o debate_n effectual_o nor_o resolve_v to_o any_o purpose_n of_o any_o thing_n but_o what_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o be_v no_o wise_a prejudicial_a to_o the_o civil_a interest_n of_o any_o but_o to_o allow_v of_o the_o suppose_a parallel_n between_o the_o parliament_n and_o convocation_n what_o will_v this_o gentleman_n infer_v from_o it_o not_o i_o hope_v that_o the_o one_o shall_v therefore_o â—it_n and_o act_n whenever_o the_o other_o do_v a_o father_n for_o example_n have_v two_o son_n they_o be_v both_o his_o child_n both_o of_o the_o same_o sex_n both_o equal_o relate_v to_o he_o perhaps_o and_o both_o equal_o belove_v by_o he_o but_o will_v this_o author_n from_o thence_o conclude_v that_o they_o have_v a_o equal_a right_n to_o his_o estate_n and_o ought_v equal_o to_o succeed_v in_o it_o this_o will_v be_v a_o very_a agreeable_a conclusion_n to_o many_o i_o make_v no_o doubt_n but_o i_o be_o afraid_a will_v hardly_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o elder_a brother_n to_o be_v a_o just_a one_o it_o be_v true_a a_o father_n in_o this_o case_n may_v possible_o have_v leave_v they_o portion_n alike_o and_o have_v make_v they_o as_o equal_v in_o their_o fortune_n as_o they_o be_v in_o their_o relation_n to_o he_o and_o so_o perhaps_o our_o constitution_n may_v have_v make_v the_o parliament_n and_o the_o convocation_n but_o whether_o the_o father_n have_v do_v this_o must_v be_v prove_v from_o the_o settlement_n of_o his_o estate_n and_o not_o from_o any_o suppose_a equality_n of_o right_n in_o his_o son_n to_o his_o affection_n and_o whether_o our_o constitution_n have_v give_v these_o assembly_n a_o equal_a right_n to_o meet_v â—it_n and_o act_n must_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o not_o be_v collect_v from_o imaginary_a parallel_n and_o wild_a inference_n which_o have_v neither_o any_o law_n and_o but_o very_o little_a sense_n in_o them_o 3._o as_o for_o those_o state_n maxim_n which_o he_o 8._o have_v final_o add_v to_o support_v this_o argument_n it_o will_v then_o be_v proper_a to_o give_v a_o reply_n to_o they_o when_o this_o author_n shall_v have_v show_v we_o that_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n in_o they_o to_o be_v reply_v to_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o must_v observe_v that_o whether_o we_o consider_v the_o nature_n or_o end_v of_o the_o parliament_n the_o necessity_n of_o the_o civil_a affair_n or_o the_o interest_n which_o both_o the_o prince_n and_o people_n may_v have_v in_o the_o assemble_v of_o it_o there_o must_v in_o all_o probability_n be_v always_o a_o much_o great_a need_n of_o frequent_a parliament_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o state_n than_o of_o frequent_a convocation_n for_o the_o welfare_n of_o the_o church_n when_o a_o national_a church_n be_v once_o thorough_o establish_v and_o neither_o need_v any_o far_a law_n to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o enforce_n of_o its_o discipline_n or_o any_o new_a confession_n to_o be_v frame_v for_o the_o security_n of_o its_o doctrine_n when_o its_o liturgy_n and_o other_o office_n be_v fix_v and_o state_v and_o there_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v any_o need_n of_o alter_v or_o improve_n any_o of_o these_o that_o it_o be_v think_v a_o crime_n but_o even_o to_o suppose_v that_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o improve_v they_o or_o to_o make_v any_o alteration_n but_o for_o the_o worse_o in_o they_o i_o can_v imagine_v until_o something_o arise_v to_o unsettle_v such_o a_o constitution_n what_o a_o convocation_n can_v have_v to_o meet_v about_o but_o this_o be_v not_o the_o case_n of_o the_o civil_a state_n which_o be_v god_n know_v subject_a to_o many_o more_o change_n than_o the_o ecclesiastical_a and_o will_v often_o want_v to_o have_v public_a remedy_n apply_v for_o the_o redress_n or_o prevention_n of_o its_o public_a evil_n perhaps_o a_o prince_n arise_v who_o affect_v a_o arbitrary_a sway_n and_o his_o minister_n join_v in_o the_o same_o design_n with_o he_o and_o nothing_o less_o than_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o parliament_n can_v put_v a_o stop_n to_o their_o attempt_n this_o therefore_o may_v make_v it_o necessary_a in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o quietness_n for_o the_o parliament_n to_o meet_v at_o certain_a time_n to_o prevent_v such_o attempt_n and_o to_o keep_v every_o member_n of_o the_o constitution_n within_o its_o due_a bound_n and_o such_o be_v the_o case_n of_o the_o last_o reign_n it_o may_v be_v the_o commonwealth_n be_v assault_v by_o its_o enemy_n from_o abroad_o and_o those_o enemy_n be_v countenance_v by_o a_o factious_a discontent_a party_n at_o home_n and_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o parliament_n to_o meet_v and_o to_o raise_v supply_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o realm_n against_o the_o one_o and_o to_o make_v some_o
this_o law_n and_o that_o have_v not_o the_o prince_n leave_n to_o meet_v together_o they_o be_v in_o 3._o the_o construction_n of_o the_o law_n guilty_a of_o meet_v against_o it_o now_o a_o synod_n be_v no_o ordinary_a or_o siaâ—ed_v convention_n but_o which_o be_v assemble_v only_o upon_o extraordinary_a occasion_n when_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o church_n require_v the_o meeting_n of_o it_o as_o there_o be_v no_o general_n provision_n at_o the_o beginning_n make_v by_o the_o law_n for_o they_o so_o it_o be_v therefore_o necessary_a that_o in_o order_n to_o their_o meeting_n lawful_o the_o express_a command_n or_o allowance_n of_o the_o emperor_n shall_v be_v have_v for_o their_o so_o do_v and_o if_o we_o look_v up_o to_o the_o history_n of_o the_o first_o and_o most_o famous_a council_n of_o the_o 5._o church_n we_o shall_v according_o find_v that_o they_o be_v all_o convene_v by_o the_o imperial_a authority_n thus_o constantine_n the_o great_a not_o only_o summon_v 2._o but_o sit_v himself_o in_o that_o of_o nice_n 8._o theodosius_n the_o great_a both_o assemble_v the_o second_o general_n council_n of_o constantinople_n and_o at_o the_o desire_n of_o the_o father_n confirm_v the_o act_n of_o it_o the_o council_n of_o ephesus_n the_o next_o general_n council_n be_v not_o only_o etc._n call_v by_o the_o emperor_n theodosiuâ—_n the_o young_a and_o valentinian_n but_o that_o all_o thing_n may_v be_v do_v decent_o and_o orderly_o in_o it_o they_o send_v *_o candidian_n as_o their_o commissioner_n to_o preside_v over_o the_o bishop_n and_o to_o direct_v their_o proceed_n according_a to_o the_o instruction_n which_o they_o have_v give_v he_o for_o that_o purpose_n and_o when_o the_o heresy_n of_o eutyches_n give_v a_o new_a occasion_n â—o_o the_o same_o emperor_n to_o assemble_v another_o synod_n 1_o they_o in_o like_a manner_n appoint_v it_o to_o meet_v at_o the_o same_o place_n and_o command_v dioscorus_n patriarch_n of_o alexandria_n to_o preside_v in_o it_o it_o be_v the_o same_o authority_n that_o have_v cause_v this_o synod_n to_o meet_v at_o ephesus_n that_o after_o the_o death_n of_o theodosius_n appoint_v a_o review_n to_o be_v make_v of_o it_o in_o another_o ibid._n council_n which_o be_v summon_v first_o to_o nice_a and_o from_o thence_o be_v remove_v to_o chalcedon_n and_o this_o the_o emperor_n do_v not_o only_o upon_o their_o own_o authority_n but_o though_o quesâ—â—ll_n pope_n leo_n have_v desire_v with_o all_o imaginable_a earnestness_n that_o it_o may_v have_v be_v hold_v somewhere_o in_o italy_n to_o which_o they_o refuse_v to_o consent_v such_o be_v the_o authority_n by_o which_o the_o four_o first_o general_n council_n of_o the_o church_n be_v assemble_v nor_o be_v the_o next_o four_o call_v by_o any_o other_o it_o be_v by_o the_o express_a command_n of_o the_o 423_o elder_a justinian_n that_o the_o second_o general_n council_n of_o constantinople_n meet_v as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o like_a summons_n of_o 6._o constantinus_n pogonatus_n that_o the_o three_o in_o the_o same_o city_n be_v convene_v and_o because_o in_o these_o two_o no_o canon_n be_v make_v for_o the_o discipline_n of_o the_o church_n f._n justinian_n the_o young_a call_v another_o council_n to_o supply_v that_o defect_n and_o confirm_v the_o canon_n that_o be_v make_v by_o it_o the_o second_o council_n of_o nice_a tho'_o scarce_o right_a in_o any_o thing_n else_o yet_o in_o this_o be_v orthodox_n that_o it_o be_v assemble_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o 7._o irenè_fw-la the_o empress_n and_o her_o son_n constantine_n and_o last_o the_o four_o of_o constantinople_n the_o last_o of_o the_o eight_o general_a council_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n hold_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o c._n basilius_n the_o emperor_n and_o approve_v by_o he_o this_o than_o be_v the_o power_n which_o the_o 6._o christian_a emperor_n claim_v over_o the_o great_a council_n and_o which_o those_o council_n always_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v due_a to_o them_o if_o from_o these_o we_o pass_v on_o to_o the_o lesser_a synod_n that_o be_v assemble_v in_o those_o day_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n to_o be_v still_o the_o same_o and_o that_o these_o also_o be_v either_o express_o convene_v by_o they_o or_o be_v summon_v by_o some_o authority_n that_o be_v derive_v from_o them_o when_o the_o donatist_n be_v angry_a that_o they_o can_v not_o gain_v their_o end_n upon_o caecilian_a desire_v that_o a_o examination_n may_v be_v make_v of_o their_o case_n by_o some_o foreign_a bishop_n constantine_n the_o emperor_n grant_v their_o request_n and_o in_o order_n thereunto_o appoint_v a_o meeting_n to_o be_v hold_v at_o rome_n upon_o that_o affair_n and_o that_o three_o french_a bishop_n shall_v be_v join_v to_o fifteen_o out_o of_o italy_n for_o the_o hear_n of_o it_o and_o these_o together_o with_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n by_o the_o 1406._o emperor_n command_n judge_v of_o this_o matter_n and_o when_o those_o turbulent_a man_n be_v not_o yet_o satisfy_v to_o put_v a_o final_a end_n to_o their_o contention_n he_o cause_v a_o great_a number_n of_o bishop_n to_o meet_v in_o a_o synod_n at_o 5._o arles_n and_o there_o review_n the_o same_o cause_n and_o pass_v a_o final_a judgement_n in_o it_o to_o enumerate_v all_o the_o several_a instance_n that_o remain_v to_o we_o of_o council_n call_v in_o like_a manner_n by_o the_o imperial_a authority_n will_v be_v as_o infinite_a as_o it_o be_v needless_a it_o may_v suffice_v to_o say_v that_o what_o constantine_n thus_o begin_v the_o succeed_a emperor_n constant_o hold_v to_o and_o suffer_v not_o any_o assembly_n of_o the_o clergy_n to_o be_v make_v but_o by_o their_o leave_n and_o according_a to_o their_o direction_n it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v a_o general_a order_n v._n make_v by_o the_o father_n of_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a that_o for_o the_o better_a regulation_n of_o the_o church_n affair_n the_o bishop_n of_o every_o province_n shall_v meet_v together_o in_o a_o provincial_a synod_n under_o their_o metropolitan_a twice_o every_o year_n and_o this_o council_n be_v not_o only_o confirm_v by_o constantine_n who_o call_v it_o but_o by_o almost_o all_o the_o emperor_n that_o follow_v after_o and_o particular_o the_o constitution_n now_o mention_v be_v can._n provide_v for_o and_o adjust_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n themselves_o such_o council_n from_o thenceforth_o become_v legal_a assembly_n and_o be_v of_o course_n allow_v of_o though_o not_o express_o consent_v to_o by_o the_o emperor_n and_o yet_o when_o theodoret_n begin_v to_o be_v 82._o too_o busy_a in_o call_v the_o bishop_n together_o theodosius_n not_o only_o lay_v a_o prohibition_n upon_o he_o but_o confine_v he_o to_o cyrus_n his_o own_o little_a see_v as_o a_o punishment_n for_o what_o he_o have_v before_o do_v so_o little_o be_v it_o then_o think_v a_o matter_n of_o right_n for_o the_o clergy_n to_o meet_v as_o often_o as_o they_o think_v good_a in_o synod_n or_o that_o any_o 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that_o the_o convocation_n of_o the_o same_o clergy_n be_v always_o have_v be_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v assemble_v only_o by_o the_o king_n be_v write_v and_o two_o as_o for_o the_o laity_n the_o parliament_n in_o the_o same_o act_n not_o only_o concur_v in_o the_o same_o opinion_n with_o they_o in_o the_o preamble_n beforementioned_a that_o this_o their_o acknowledgement_n be_v according_a to_o the_o truth_n but_o in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o act_n itself_o have_v provide_v thereupon_o that_o from_o thenceforth_o they_o never_o shall_v meet_v in_o convocation_n without_o the_o king_n leave_n to_o empower_v they_o so_o to_o do_v be_v it_o enact_v say_v they_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o this_o present_a parliament_n according_a to_o the_o say_a submission_n and_o petition_v of_o the_o say_a clergy_n that_o they_o ne_o any_o of_o they_o from_o henceforth_o shall_v presume_v to_o attempt_v etc._n etc._n nor_o shall_v enact_v &c_n &c_n in_o their_o convocation_n in_o time_n come_v which_o always_o shall_v be_v assemble_v by_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n be_v write_v and_o from_o all_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o in_o the_o opinion_n both_o of_o that_o parliament_n and_o of_o that_o convocation_n the_o king_n not_o only_o aught_o to_o have_v and_o by_o law_n now_o have_v the_o sole_a authority_n of_o call_v the_o clergy_n together_o in_o convocation_n but_o that_o this_o be_v such_o a_o power_n as_o do_v always_o of_o right_o belong_v to_o he_o and_o that_o no_o convocation_n ever_o can_v be_v lawful_o assemble_v without_o his_o permission_n or_o against_o he_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o not_o only_o our_o present_a convocation_n be_v all_o summon_v by_o the_o king_n be_v write_v direct_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o each_o province_n for_o that_o purpose_n but_o if_o we_o look_v back_o to_o the_o time_n precede_v this_o statute_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o same_o to_o have_v be_v the_o ancient_a manner_n of_o summon_v of_o them_o and_o though_o in_o a_o matter_n 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so_o far_o prevail_v that_o the_o convocation_n have_v general_o meet_v at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o the_o parliament_n have_v do_v and_o at_o st._n paul_n church_n or_o chapter_n house_n in_o london_n yet_o have_v not_o our_o king_n ever_o be_v so_o far_o confine_v in_o either_o of_o these_o particular_n as_o not_o to_o have_v it_o still_o in_o their_o power_n to_o call_v the_o convocation_n at_o any_o other_o time_n or_o to_o any_o other_o place_n which_o they_o shall_v think_v sit_v in_o that_o ancient_a summons_n i_o before_o mention_v perhaps_o the_o most_o ancient_a of_o any_o we_o have_v now_o remain_v of_o the_o 9th_o of_o edw._n ii_o the_o convocation_n be_v call_v to_o meet_v febr._n 9_o but_o the_o parliament_n sit_v october_n 16._o forego_v and_o in_o the_o writ_n of_o these_o latter_a time_n though_o the_o convocation_n be_v call_v and_o its_o session_n confine_v to_o that_o of_o the_o parliament_n yet_o still_o if_o the_o king_n please_v he_o may_v continue_v the_o 80._o sit_v of_o the_o one_o after_o the_o other_o be_v prorogue_v or_o even_o dissolve_v and_o for_o the_o place_n it_o be_v sometime_o determine_v to_o be_v append._n st._n paul_n london_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v leave_v with_o a_o great_a latitude_n to_o be_v hold_v at_o any_o other_o place_n which_o the_o archbishop_n shall_v judge_v to_o be_v more_o convenient_a for_o it_o and_o the_o same_o be_v the_o case_n as_o to_o the_o 5._o person_n who_o be_v to_o come_v to_o the_o convocation_n and_o the_o choice_n of_o who_o as_o it_o be_v still_o determine_v by_o the_o king_n be_v write_v so_o must_v it_o be_v allow_v to_o have_v original_o depend_v upon_o it_o for_o have_v first_o declare_v in_o general_n the_o reason_n wherefore_o he_o have_v resolve_v to_o call_v his_o clergy_n together_o he_o next_o go_v on_o to_o specify_v in_o particular_a who_o he_o require_v the_o archbishop_n to_o summon_v to_o the_o convocation_n that_o he_o shall_v order_n first_o the_o bishop_n of_o his_o province_n with_o the_o dean_n and_o archdeacon_n to_o come_v in_o append_v person_n and_o second_o the_o chapter_n and_o archdeaconries_n to_o send_v their_o several_a proxy_n to_o represent_v they_o the_o chapter_n one_o of_o their_o body_n and_o every_o archdeaconry_n two_o to_o be_v choose_v by_o they_o for_o that_o purpose_n i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o inquire_v how_o this_o come_v to_o be_v the_o settle_a number_n that_o be_v to_o make_v up_o our_o provincial_a synod_n or_o convocation_n whether_o this_o manner_n of_o choice_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o ancient_a manner_n of_o hold_v convocation_n into_o the_o parliamentary_a writ_n or_o from_o the_o parliamentary_a writ_n of_o king_n edward_n i._o into_o the_o summons_n of_o convocation_n which_o from_o thenceforth_o usual_o meet_v together_o with_o the_o parliament_n howsoever_o this_o be_v thus_o much_o be_v evident_a that_o since_o the_o power_n of_o assemble_v the_o clergy_n in_o such_o convocation_n be_v seat_v 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of_o law_n have_v in_o this_o as_o well_o as_o in_o some_o of_o the_o forego_n circumstance_n so_o far_o prevail_v that_o when_o soever_o a_o parliament_n be_v hold_v a_o convocation_n be_v call_v together_o with_o it_o yet_o be_v this_o rather_o a_o matter_n of_o form_n than_o any_o effectual_a summons_n and_o the_o king_n still_o keep_v his_o ancient_a power_n to_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n in_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o suffer_v they_o not_o either_o to_o sit_v or_o act_n but_o when_o and_o as_o often_o as_o he_o think_v fit_a so_o to_o do_v nor_o be_v this_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o any_o encroachment_n upon_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o clergy_n but_o as_o the_o assertion_n of_o a_o power_n which_o always_o do_v and_o of_o right_a aught_o to_o belong_v to_o the_o prince_n for_o though_o it_o have_v now_o for_o some_o age_n be_v the_o custom_n to_o convene_v the_o clergy_n as_o often_o as_o the_o parliament_n meet_v yet_o as_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o when_o this_o custom_n first_o begin_v they_o meet_v not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o ecclesiastical_a synod_n as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o the_o realm_n so_o all_o the_o use_v that_o be_v general_o make_v of_o they_o be_v to_o concur_v with_o the_o other_o estate_n in_o grant_v of_o money_n to_o the_o king_n which_o have_v do_v they_o be_v common_o dismiss_v without_o enter_v upon_o any_o other_o business_n the_o convocation_n then_o though_o it_o consist_v of_o ecclesiastical_a person_n be_v yet_o assemble_v for_o a_o civil_a end_n and_o seem_v rather_o to_o have_v be_v a_o state_n convention_n than_o a_o church_n synod_n and_o however_o the_o king_n usual_o add_v a_o conciliary_a summons_n to_o his_o parliamentary_a writ_n and_o thereby_o not_o only_o assemble_v the_o proctor_n of_o the_o clergy_n under_o another_o
to_o show_v that_o it_o ought_v not_o easy_o to_o be_v neglect_v and_o therefore_o though_o i_o know_v no_o positive_a law_n that_o do_v determine_v the_o king_n be_v absolute_a and_o free_a will_n as_o to_o this_o matter_n yet_o i_o humble_o conceive_v that_o so_o ancient_a and_o settle_v a_o custom_n ought_v to_o be_v hold_v to_o and_o our_o prince_n according_o still_a order_n the_o one_o to_o be_v summon_v as_o often_o as_o the_o other_o be_v call_v but_o now_o second_o if_o by_o sit_v be_v mean_v as_o in_o the_o present_a question_n i_o suppose_v it_o be_v their_o meeting_n to_o do_v business_n and_o be_v allow_v to_o come_v together_o for_o that_o purpose_n then_o i_o reply_v that_o for_o such_o their_o sit_v i_o know_v no_o law_n beside_o the_o absolute_a and_o free_a power_n of_o the_o prince_n custom_n we_o be_v sure_o be_v as_o much_o against_o this_o as_o it_o have_v be_v for_o the_o other_o and_o any_o statute_n or_o positive_a law_n for_o it_o have_v not_o that_o i_o 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business_n that_o be_v do_v by_o they_o more_o than_o that_o of_o grant_v subsidy_n which_o i_o have_v mention_v in_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o be_v time_n there_o be_v but_o few_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o we_o be_v not_o to_o look_v for_o convocation_n in_o that_o when_o his_o son_n king_n charles_n the_o second_o return_v the_o famous_a convocation_n of_o 1660_o meet_v to_o remedy_v those_o disorder_n which_o the_o civil_a war_n have_v occasion_v in_o order_n whereunto_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o they_o at_o the_o first_o to_o sit_v and_o settle_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n but_o that_o be_v do_v they_o be_v by_o the_o king_n be_v write_v prorogue_v eighteen_o several_a time_n successive_o and_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v by_o the_o journal_n of_o it_o which_o i_o have_v see_v that_o any_o thing_n material_a be_v afterward_o do_v by_o it_o and_o as_o their_o sit_v so_o three_o i_o affirm_v that_o their_o act_n too_o do_v depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o the_o prince_n they_o can_v enter_v upon_o any_o business_n without_o his_o special_a commission_n for_o it_o and_o whether_o he_o will_v grant_v they_o such_o a_o commission_n or_o no_o depend_v entire_o upon_o his_o own_o will._n but_o when_o i_o say_v that_o the_o sit_v and_o act_v of_o the_o convocation_n do_v depend_v upon_o the_o absolute_a and_o free_a will_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o which_o term_n i_o make_v use_n 1._o of_o only_o because_o they_o be_v prescribe_v to_o i_o by_o one_o who_o at_o present_a i_o be_o oblige_v to_o follow_v i_o must_v observe_v that_o by_o his_o absolute_a and_o free_a will_n i_o understand_v a_o will_v not_o determine_v by_o any_o humane_a law_n to_o act_v otherwise_o than_o according_a to_o the_o dictate_v of_o a_o man_n be_v own_o reason_n and_o upon_o the_o last_o result_n of_o his_o own_o judgement_n he_o will_v do_v for_o otherwise_o there_o be_v law_n which_o in_o this_o as_o in_o all_o other_o case_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n determine_v the_o most_o absolute_a sovereign_n in_o the_o world_n and_o we_o do_v not_o deny_v our_o king_n as_o well_o as_o all_o other_o prince_n to_o be_v subject_a to_o they_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n be_v a_o law_n by_o which_o every_o wise_a man_n do_v and_o every_o man_n as_o such_o be_v oblige_v to_o act_v the_o positive_a law_n of_o god_n and_o the_o common_a principle_n of_o right_n and_o 〈◊〉_d be_v another_o law_n by_o which_o all_o christian_n of_o what_o bank_n or_o authority_n 〈◊〉_d both_o out_o of_o duty_n to_o god_n and_o with_o regard_n to_o their_o own_o conscience_n be_v require_v to_o attend_v and_o last_o the_o public_a good_a and_o welfare_n of_o the_o community_n be_v another_o law_n to_o which_o all_o prince_n even_o those_o who_o in_o other_o respect_n be_v the_o most_o absolute_a be_v oblige_v to_o look_v and_o with_o the_o observance_n of_o which_o they_o can_v dispense_v though_o no_o human_a constraint_n lie_v upon_o they_o to_o force_v they_o thereunto_o or_o to_o punish_v they_o if_o they_o do_v not_o by_o all_o these_o law_n prince_n be_v oblige_v and_o the_o will_n of_o the_o prince_n regulate_v by_o these_o law_n but_o not_o under_o the_o direction_n of_o any_o more_o particular_a obligation_n be_v that_o will_n on_o which_o i_o affirm_v the_o sit_v and_o act_v of_o the_o convocation_n to_o depend_v the_o government_n have_v entrust_v he_o with_o the_o power_n of_o give_v they_o leave_v to_o sit_v and_o act_v when_o he_o please_v and_o when_o he_o please_v he_o may_v deny_v they_o to_o do_v either_o but_o still_o it_o be_v suppose_v when_o that_o trust_n be_v commit_v to_o he_o that_o he_o shall_v use_v it_o with_o prudence_n and_o moderation_n and_o as_o he_o shall_v from_o time_n to_o time_n be_v persuade_v will_v be_v most_o for_o the_o public_a good_a both_o of_o the_o church_n and_o state_n and_o therefore_o four_a notwithstanding_o any_o thing_n that_o have_v hitherto_o be_v say_v i_o shall_v not_o doubt_v to_o affirm_v that_o whenever_o the_o king_n be_v in_o his_o own_o conscience_n convince_v that_o for_o the_o convocation_n to_o sit_v and_o act_n will_v be_v for_o the_o glory_n of_o god_n the_o benefit_n of_o the_o church_n or_o otherwise_o for_o the_o public_a good_a and_o welfare_n of_o his_o realm_n he_o be_v oblige_v both_o by_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n as_o a_o man_n by_o his_o duty_n to_o god_n as_o a_o christian_a and_o by_o his_o duty_n to_o his_o people_n as_o a_o ruler_n set_v over_o they_o for_o their_o good_a to_o permit_v or_o rather_o to_o command_v his_o clergy_n to_o meet_v in_o convocation_n and_o transact_v what_o be_v sit_v for_o any_o or_o all_o these_o end_n to_o be_v do_v by_o they_o as_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n whensoever_o he_o be_v clear_o and_o evident_o convince_v that_o for_o they_o thus_o to_o come_v together_o will_v be_v needless_a or_o hurtful_a to_o these_o end_n it_o be_v then_o his_o duty_n to_o restrain_v they_o from_o sit_v and_o that_o though_o he_o shall_v be_v never_o so_o importunate_o desire_v by_o some_o that_o they_o may_v sit_v or_o rail_v at_o by_o other_o for_o not_o allow_v they_o so_o to_o do_v these_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o plain_a consequence_n of_o the_o forego_n discourse_n and_o by_o they_o i_o suppose_v a_o clear_a and_o full_a resolution_n be_v give_v to_o the_o first_o general_a question_n viz._n whether_o there_o be_v any_o law_n that_o command_v or_o permit_v the_o sit_v and_o act_v of_o the_o convocation_n beside_o the_o absolute_a and_o free_a pleasure_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o if_o there_o be_v what_o that_o law_n be_v and_o how_o far_o the_o prince_n be_v oblige_v by_o it_o i_o may_v now_o proceed_v upon_o this_o foundation_n without_o any_o more_o ado_n to_o examine_v what_o have_v be_v offer_v by_o our_o late_a author_n to_o the_o contrary_a and_o so_o pass_v on_o to_o the_o other_o part_n of_o my_o discourse_n but_o because_o it_o may_v be_v a_o matter_n of_o some_o satisfaction_n as_o well_o as_o use_v to_o those_o who_o inquiry_n have_v not_o lie_v this_o way_n to_o know_v what_o have_v be_v the_o state_n of_o our_o convocation_n ever_o since_o we_o have_v any_o account_n that_o we_o can_v rely_v upon_o concern_v they_o i_o will_v therefore_o take_v leave_n to_o digress_v so_o far_o from_o my_o present_a business_n as_o may_v suffice_v to_o show_v this_o in_o a_o short_a history_n of_o our_o convocation_n from_o the_o first_o conversion_n of_o the_o saxon_n to_o christianity_n down_o to_o our_o present_a time_n chap._n iu._n in_o which_o the_o state_n of_o the_o convocation_n be_v historical_o deduce_v from_o the_o first_o conversion_n of_o the_o saxon_n to_o our_o own_o day_n so_o great_a be_v the_o uncertainty_n to_o
304._o archbishop_n and_o legate_n hold_v a_o synod_n at_o merton_n upon_o st._n barnabas_n day_n the_o pope_n have_v the_o year_n before_o grant_v to_o the_o king_n the_o ten_o of_o the_o clergy_n for_o three_o year_n but_o the_o clergy_n though_o they_o honour_v the_o pope_n much_o yet_o resolve_v not_o to_o part_v with_o their_o money_n and_o the_o archbishop_n hold_v this_o synod_n on_o purpose_n to_o oppose_v the_o payment_n of_o what_o he_o have_v grant_v upon_o another_o legate_n be_v send_v hither_o 379._o anno_fw-la 1261_o several_a council_n be_v this_o year_n call_v and_o hold_v in_o our_o country_n the_o two_o archbishop_n assemble_v their_o respective_a clergy_n at_o london_n and_o beverley_n and_o boniface_n hold_v another_o 80â—_n distinct_a council_n at_o lambeth_n and_o publish_v many_o excellent_a constitution_n in_o it_o but_o most_o famous_a in_o these_o time_n as_o of_o chief_a authority_n afterward_o be_v the_o council_n assemble_v by_o ottobon_n another_o legate_n about_o the_o year_n 1268._o he_o have_v 2454_o two_o year_n before_o at_o the_o parliament_n at_o northampton_n assemble_v the_o clergy_n who_o meet_v there_o and_o with_o they_o excommunicate_v all_o such_o as_o shall_v adhere_v to_o simon_n 1248._o montfort_n and_o his_o party_n and_o now_o he_o hold_v this_o other_o at_o london_n with_o the_o clergy_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o therein_o publish_v those_o notable_a constitution_n we_o still_o have_v under_o his_o name_n it_o be_v now_o become_v a_o matter_n of_o custom_n i._n and_o account_v a_o matter_n of_o right_n for_o the_o legate_n extraordinary_a and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n as_o legate_z of_o course_n to_o summon_v the_o clergy_n to_o convocation_n insomuch_o that_o we_o do_v not_o find_v this_o great_a king_n who_o otherwise_o be_v sensible_a enough_o of_o the_o encroachment_n that_o have_v be_v make_v and_o be_v daily_o make_v upon_o the_o royal_a authority_n to_o have_v be_v at_o all_o offend_v at_o it_o hence_o peckham_n the_o archbishop_n be_v return_v from_o rome_n anno_fw-la 1280_o the_o same_o 49._o year_n hold_v a_o council_n at_o redding_n and_o therein_o command_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o general_n council_n of_o lion_n to_o be_v observe_v and_o the_o next_o year_n he_o assemble_v 11â—6_n another_o at_o lambeth_n in_o which_o the_o order_n and_o constitution_n establish_v by_o otho_n and_o ottobon_n be_v confirm_v and_o some_o other_o add_v for_o the_o better_a government_n of_o the_o church_n about_o ten_o year_n after_o the_o same_o peckham_n again_o hold_v another_o synod_n at_o redding_n 198._o in_o which_o when_o the_o king_n hear_v that_o they_o be_v attempt_v some_o order_n in_o derogation_n to_o his_o authority_n he_o send_v to_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n to_o desist_v and_o upon_o his_o threaten_n they_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o their_o proceed_n and_o break_v up_o the_o council_n and_o thus_o have_v we_o see_v what_o encroachment_n be_v make_v towards_o the_o end_n of_o this_o period_n upon_o the_o prince_n authority_n in_o the_o subject_a before_o us._n there_o be_v within_o this_o period_n as_o all_o along_o after_o beside_o these_o national_a and_o provincial_a council_n several_a episcopal_n or_o diocesan_n synod_n assemble_v for_o the_o affair_n of_o that_o particular_a diocese_n in_o which_o they_o be_v hold_v and_o some_o rule_n be_v make_v by_o they_o to_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o clergy_n of_o that_o district_n only_o such_o be_v the_o constitution_n of_o alexander_n bishop_n of_o coventry_n 301._o anno_fw-la 1237_o of_o walter_n bishop_n of_o worcester_z make_v in_o his_o synod_n at_o worcester_n anno_fw-la 1240_o of_o walter_n bishop_n of_o norwich_n make_v in_o his_o synod_n at_o norwich_n monday_n after_o michaelmas_n anno_fw-la 1255_o of_o giles_n bishop_n of_o salisbury_n 302._o anno_fw-la 1256_o and_o of_o which_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o i_o shall_v take_v any_o particular_a notice_n on_o this_o occasion_n but_o though_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n 37._o be_v in_o great_a measure_n handle_v in_o these_o several_a kind_n of_o ecclesiastical_a synod_n yet_o this_o do_v not_o hinder_v but_o that_o still_o our_o king_n with_o their_o great_a council_n do_v from_o time_n to_o time_n interpose_v in_o these_o matter_n and_o order_n many_o thing_n relate_v to_o ecclesiastical_a person_n and_o cause_n when_o wulstan_n bishop_n of_o worcester_n i_o challenge_v some_o land_n as_o belong_v to_o his_o see_n which_o be_v withhold_v from_o it_o by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o tork_n the_o cause_n between_o they_o be_v judge_v by_o william_n 203._o the_o conqueror_n in_o his_o parliament_n at_o pendrede_n the_o archbishop_n bishop_n lord_n and_o great_a man_n be_v present_a this_o be_v manifest_o a_o state_n assembly_n and_o by_o these_o be_v the_o right_n between_o the_o two_o bishop_n examine_v and_o determine_v but_o more_o proper_o ecclesiastical_a be_v anselm_n the_o cause_n which_o william_n the_o second_o examine_v in_o his_o parliament_n at_o rockingham_n upon_o anselm_n resolve_v to_o go_v to_o rome_n and_o to_o receive_v his_o pall_n from_o thence_o this_o the_o king_n vehement_o oppose_v and_o declare_v that_o the_o archbishop_n can_v not_o both_o preserve_v his_o fidelity_n to_o he_o and_o pay_v obedience_n to_o the_o pope_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o refer_v of_o this_o cause_n to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v at_o anselm_n own_o desire_n who_o can_v be_v suspect_v of_o do_v any_o thing_n that_o he_o think_v in_o the_o least_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n the_o next_o great_a controversy_n that_o arise_v of_o this_o kind_n be_v in_o the_o second_o i._o year_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o about_o the_o right_n of_o investiture_n this_o be_v a_o point_n much_o debate_v in_o those_o time_n not_o only_o here_o 1112._o but_o in_o most_o of_o the_o country_n of_o europe_n 〈◊〉_d to_o this_o the_o king_n lay_v a_o claim_n and_o account_v himself_o to_o have_v as_o good_a a_o title_n to_o it_o as_o his_o father_n and_o brother_n before_o he_o have_v upon_o this_o occasion_n the_o quarrel_n grow_v so_o high_a between_o the_o king_n and_o anselm_n that_o the_o latter_a be_v once_o more_o sorce_v to_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n but_o the_o cause_n be_v at_o last_o bring_v before_o the_o parliament_n and_o there_o it_o be_v by_o mutual_a consent_n 91._o resolve_v that_o from_o thenceforth_o no_o one_o shall_v be_v invest_v by_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lie_v hand_n to_o a_o bishopric_n or_o abbey_n by_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o pastoral_n staff_n or_o ring_n but_o yet_o upon_o such_o a_o promotion_n they_o shall_v do_v homage_n to_o the_o king_n for_o it_o which_o be_v the_o other_o thing_n that_o pope_n urban_n have_v before_o insist_v upon_o as_o much_o as_o upon_o the_o point_n of_o investitute_a its_o self_n this_o matter_n be_v scarce_o end_v when_o 95._o another_o arise_v about_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o this_o be_v in_o like_a manner_n end_v in_o parliament_n by_o the_o authority_n as_o well_o of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o lord_n as_o of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n and_o a_o order_n make_v to_o prohibit_v all_o such_o as_o be_v in_o any_o clerical_a order_n to_o cohabit_v with_o their_o wife_n there_o be_v yet_o a_o three_o great_a controversy_n 501._o remain_v concern_v the_o primacy_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o the_o subjection_n that_o be_v due_a from_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n to_o he_o this_o also_o be_v bring_v before_o the_o king_n at_o whitsuntide_n and_o determine_v by_o he_o with_o his_o bishop_n and_o lord_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o see_v of_o canterbury_n assert_v by_o they_o and_o when_o some_o time_n after_o this_o thurstine_n 1115._o archbishop_n of_o york_n refuse_v to_o be_v conclude_v by_o this_o decree_n he_o be_v in_o full_a parliament_n oblige_v either_o to_o renounce_v his_o bishopric_n or_o to_o pay_v obedience_n to_o the_o see_v of_o canterbury_n no_o soon_o be_v this_o king_n dead_a and_o stephen_n place_v in_o his_o throne_n but_o in_o 1138._o full_a parliament_n he_o confirm_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n and_o make_v very_o ample_a concession_n to_o it_o in_o his_o parliament_n at_o northampton_n two_o year_n after_o he_o dispose_v of_o several_a ecclesiastical_a preferment_n and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o customary_a manner_n of_o those_o time_n may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o last_o parliament_n of_o this_o king_n which_o be_v call_v 1040._o by_o he_o as_o well_o for_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o to_o make_v provision_n for_o the_o church_n of_o york_n then_o vacant_a by_o the_o death_n of_o st._n william_n the_o late_a bishop_n of_o it_o how_o far_o the_o parliament_n still_o continue_v ii_o to_o meddle_v with_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n under_o the_o next_o king_n reign_n the_o
controversy_n of_o that_o prince_n with_o becket_n his_o archbishop_n may_v alone_o suffice_v to_o show_v when_o be_v angry_a with_o the_o archbishop_n for_o excommunicate_v one_o who_o hold_v of_o he_o and_o do_v he_o service_n without_o first_o obtain_v his_o leave_n so_o to_o do_v he_o in_o his_o parliament_n at_o westminster_n propose_v to_o the_o bishop_n that_o they_o shall_v promise_v to_o observe_v the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n this_o they_o refuse_v to_o do_v but_o with_o a_o proviso_n put_v in_o to_o secure_v their_o own_o liberty_n the_o king_n resent_v this_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n in_o a_o great_a council_n at_o oxford_n promise_v that_o they_o will_v submit_v to_o what_o he_o require_v of_o they_o but_o when_o he_o thereupon_o hold_v his_o parliament_n at_o clarendon_n and_o the_o particular_a point_n which_o they_o be_v to_o yield_v to_o be_v propose_v to_o they_o becket_n though_o he_o have_v at_o first_o swear_v to_o observe_v they_o yet_o afterward_o fly_v off_o from_o it_o and_o never_o leave_v till_o he_o at_o last_o lose_v his_o life_n in_o a_o obstinate_a opposition_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n from_o this_o time_n the_o power_n both_o of_o the_o 42._o pope_n and_o clergy_n begin_v very_o much_o to_o prevail_v for_o the_o king_n be_v upon_o this_o occasion_n force_v to_o a_o dishonourable_a submission_n and_o the_o follow_a prince_n especial_o king_n john_n sink_v their_o authority_n still_o low_a the_o effort_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o laity_n against_o it_o be_v for_o some_o time_n but_o very_o seeble_a nor_o can_v the_o parliament_n sufficient_o vindicate_v its_o power_n against_o the_o encroachment_n that_o be_v daily_o make_v upon_o the_o civil_a jurisdiction_n but_o however_o both_o our_o king_n and_o our_o parliament_n begin_v by_o degree_n to_o recover_v their_o authority_n and_o to_o return_v to_o their_o former_a strength_n though_o indeed_o it_o be_v not_o till_o about_o the_o end_n of_o this_o period_n that_o they_o do_v so_o and_o how_o far_o they_o then_o extend_v their_o power_n both_o over_o ecclesiastical_a person_n and_o in_o regulate_v of_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n their_o act_n still_o remain_v and_o many_o of_o they_o still_o in_o force_n too_o sufficient_o show_v and_o etc._n all_o which_o be_v so_o well_o know_v that_o i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o insist_v more_o particular_o upon_o they_o iii_o period_n from_o the_o 23d_o of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o to_o the_o 25_o of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o in_o the_o last_o period_n we_o meet_v with_o a_o considerable_a change_n by_o the_o usurpation_n 43._o of_o the_o pope_n and_o weakness_n of_o our_o prince_n make_v in_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a supremacy_n we_o be_v now_o to_o account_v for_o no_o less_o a_o change_n in_o the_o civil_a state_n if_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o may_v be_v admit_v who_o here_o fix_v the_o first_o settlement_n of_o our_o parliament_n upon_o that_o last_a and_o excellent_a foundation_n upon_o which_o it_o have_v ever_o since_o stand_v and_o upon_o which_o it_o be_v to_o be_v hope_v it_o shall_v ever_o continue_v to_o stand_v that_o our_o king_n from_o the_o beginning_n have_v their_o great_a council_n and_o which_o though_o not_o yet_o call_v by_o that_o name_n be_v nevertheless_o instead_o of_o a_o parliament_n to_o they_o have_v before_o be_v observe_v and_o can_v be_v deny_v or_o doubt_v of_o by_o any_o to_o these_o the_o most_o eminent_a person_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o clergy_n as_o laity_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v call_v before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o when_o by_o occasion_n thereof_o the_o conqueror_n make_v a_o change_n in_o the_o tenor_n of_o land_n in_o this_o country_n from_o thenceforth_o all_o the_o great_a man_n and_o clergy_n who_o hold_v of_o he_o by_o barony_n and_o owe_v he_o service_n thereby_o be_v summon_v by_o he_o to_o his_o great_a council_n and_o with_o these_o all_o such_o other_o as_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o capite_fw-la be_v oblige_v to_o attend_v at_o they_o whensoever_o their_o presence_n shall_v be_v require_v and_o that_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n as_o often_o as_o the_o prince_n want_v money_n and_o expect_v a_o supply_n from_o they_o thus_o much_o the_o 8._o charter_n of_o king_n john_n imply_v and_o this_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o true_a constitution_n of_o our_o parliament_n till_o about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o time_n how_o a_o change_n be_v then_o make_v and_o what_o occasion_n be_v take_v for_o the_o make_n 44._o of_o it_o it_o be_v not_o needful_a for_o i_o in_o this_o place_n to_o inquire_v but_o that_o in_o the_o 49th_o 140._o year_n of_o that_o king_n the_o commons_o be_v summon_v by_o writ_n to_o come_v to_o parliament_n be_v confess_v by_o those_o who_o deny_v that_o they_o ever_o have_v any_o place_n in_o it_o before_o whether_o they_o from_o thenceforth_o continue_v to_o be_v constant_o call_v to_o these_o council_n or_o whether_o there_o be_v a_o interruption_n in_o this_o new_a establishment_n from_o that_o time_n till_o about_o the_o 18_o of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o as_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o determine_v so_o be_v it_o not_o very_o material_a to_o my_o present_a business_n to_o inquire_v that_o which_o we_o be_v sure_a of_o be_v that_o in_o the_o 150._o 18_o of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o they_o be_v again_o summon_v and_o so_o have_v continue_v ever_o since_o to_o be_v but_o though_o it_o be_v therefore_o confess_v that_o 45._o the_o commons_o be_v constant_o call_v to_o the_o parliament_n from_o the_o 18_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o yet_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o the_o method_n now_o observe_v of_o choose_v of_o they_o be_v so_o soon_o bring_v in_o the_o most_o ancient_a authority_n that_o be_v 155._o allege_v for_o this_o be_v the_o writ_n of_o the_o 23d_o of_o the_o same_o king_n and_o from_o which_o time_n according_o some_o have_v date_v the_o full_a settlement_n of_o our_o present_n most_o wise_a and_o admirable_a constitution_n and_o as_o this_o be_v the_o change_n which_o seem_v 46._o to_o have_v be_v make_v about_o this_o time_n in_o the_o secular_a part_n of_o our_o parliament_n so_o have_v we_o reason_n to_o believe_v that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n there_o be_v no_o less_o a_o change_n make_v in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a part_n of_o it_o for_o whereas_o before_o only_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n who_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o their_o barony_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v summon_v thither_o in_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n 3._o when_o the_o commons_o begin_v to_o be_v call_v several_a of_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n be_v also_o call_v together_o with_o they_o and_o that_o for_o aught_o appear_v in_o a_o large_a proportion_n than_o 143._o the_o laity_n themselves_o be_v and_o when_o in_o the_o 23d_o of_o edward_n one_a the_o constitution_n of_o the_o parliament_n come_v to_o be_v settle_v as_o now_o it_o be_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n be_v put_v upon_o the_o very_a same_o foot_n that_o the_o commons_o be_v in_o it_o and_o as_o with_o respect_n to_o the_o one_o a_o writ_n be_v issue_v out_o to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o each_o county_n to_o return_v such_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n so_o with_o relation_n to_o the_o other_o a_o clause_n be_v insert_v into_o the_o writ_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o every_o diocese_n below_o to_o send_v the_o dean_n of_o his_o cathedral_n and_o his_o archdeacon_n in_o person_n and_o out_o of_o the_o chapter_n and_o archdeaconries_n to_o choose_v such_o a_o number_n of_o proctor_n as_o be_v think_v sufficient_a to_o represent_v the_o clergy_n of_o each_o diocese_n in_o it_o it_o be_v true_a we_o be_v tell_v that_o in_o some_o few_o writ_n at_o the_o beginning_n this_o clause_n 47._o be_v sometime_o omit_v by_o what_o mean_n or_o upon_o what_o account_n they_o can_v tell_v but_o then_o as_o we_o find_v that_o when_o this_o general_a clause_n be_v omit_v particular_a writ_n be_v send_v to_o several_a of_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n to_o come_v to_o parliament_n so_o the_o same_o learned_a person_n who_o furnish_v we_o with_o this_o remark_n do_v ingenuous_o confess_v that_o after_o a_o diligent_a search_n of_o our_o record_n it_o do_v appear_v to_o he_o that_o these_o defect_n be_v soon_o over_o and_o that_o from_o the_o 6_o of_o edw._n 3._o the_o 31._o clergy_n have_v continue_v to_o be_v as_o due_o and_o constant_o summon_v to_o parliament_n as_o the_o commons_o themselves_o have_v be_v indeed_o so_o evident_a be_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o that_o our_o great_a lawyer_n and_o antiquary_n do_v not_o deny_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n to_o have_v be_v once_o a_o member_n of_o the_o parliament_n my_o lord_n coke_n have_v tell_v we_o 4._o that_o many_o
archbishops_n command_v and_o so_o they_o proceed_v to_o the_o business_n for_o which_o they_o be_v call_v and_o here_o then_o we_o have_v a_o full_a representation_n of_o the_o state_n of_o our_o convocation_n and_o how_o it_o be_v manage_v in_o these_o time_n great_a be_v the_o usurpation_n which_o the_o pope_n in_o all_o this_o make_v upon_o the_o king_n authority_n and_o it_o ought_v the_o rather_o to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o because_o this_o archbishop_n be_v otherwise_o a_o hearty_a friend_n to_o the_o liberty_n of_o his_o country_n and_o have_v a_o true_a respect_n and_o value_n for_o the_o king_n who_o folly_n and_o excess_n wrought_v so_o far_o upon_o he_o that_o they_o be_v at_o last_o think_v to_o have_v break_v his_o heart_n the_o next_o archbishop_n that_o succeed_v he_o as_o he_o come_v in_o by_o the_o pope_n authority_n so_o to_o maintain_v his_o power_n the_o better_a he_o take_v care_n by_o such_o mean_n as_o seldom_o fail_v in_o the_o roman_a court_n to_o gain_v mighty_a privilege_n from_o that_o see_n be_v support_v with_o these_o he_o proceed_v to_o make_v a_o provincial_a visitation_n hold_v several_a synod_n at_o oxford_n lambeth_n and_o in_o other_o place_n and_o in_o one_o at_o westminster_n lynwood_n publish_v his_o provincial_a constitution_n and_o all_o that_o the_o king_n be_v able_a to_o do_v be_v to_o send_v a_o prohibition_n to_o he_o 488._o not_o to_o attempt_v or_o do_v any_o thing_n to_o his_o prejudice_n or_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o state_n his_o crown_n or_o kingdom_n as_o for_o simon_n mepham_n who_o succeed_v this_o archbishop_n he_o hold_v some_o few_o synod_n and_o make_v some_o provincial_a constitution_n in_o neither_o of_o which_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n extraordinary_a to_o be_v observe_v and_o the_o same_o must_v be_v say_v of_o the_o convocation_n hold_v by_o archbishop_n stratford_n who_o follow_v after_o in_o all_o which_o there_o be_v little_a to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o more_o than_o 550._o this_o that_o what_o constitution_n be_v make_v by_o they_o he_o order_v to_o be_v observe_v by_o his_o own_o authority_n and_o to_o be_v publish_v by_o the_o clergy_n throughout_o his_o province_n but_o here_o though_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o iii_o our_o present_a purpose_n yet_o it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o observe_v how_o our_o king_n begin_v by_o degree_n to_o assert_v their_o authority_n and_o to_o put_v a_o stop_n if_o not_o a_o end_n to_o the_o usurpation_n of_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n it_o be_v about_o the_o year_n 1343_o that_o the_o 2583._o pope_n desire_v to_o increase_v his_o revenue_n here_o send_v a_o message_n to_o the_o clergy_n to_o persuade_v they_o out_o of_o the_o two_o province_n of_o canterbury_n and_o york_n to_o maintain_v too_o cardinal_n at_o rome_n this_o be_v bring_v before_o the_o parliament_n it_o be_v resolve_v by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o that_o great_a council_n to_o let_v the_o pope_n free_o know_v that_o they_o be_v grow_v weary_a of_o his_o imposition_n and_o neither_o can_v nor_o will_v bear_v any_o long_a those_o burden_n which_o he_o be_v continual_o lay_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n for_o which_o end_n it_o be_v also_o resolve_v that_o whosoever_o procure_v any_o benefice_n in_o this_o realm_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o pope_n provision_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o come_v and_o live_v upon_o it_o and_o not_o be_v suffer_v to_o draw_v the_o wealth_n of_o the_o nation_n into_o other_o country_n and_o lest_o this_o shall_v not_o do_v it_o be_v also_o far_o establish_v that_o no_o one_o shall_v be_v admit_v to_o any_o benefice_n upon_o the_o authority_n of_o any_o bull_n from_o rome_n without_o the_o king_n be_v special_a licence_n and_o consent_n and_o all_o the_o lord_n and_o noble_n declare_v that_o if_o the_o pope_n go_v on_o by_o his_o provision_n to_o dispose_v of_o benefice_n whether_o to_o foreigner_n or_o other_o which_o their_o ancestor_n have_v give_v by_o way_n of_o charity_n to_o religious_a person_n to_o pray_v for_o they_o they_o will_v forthwith_o seize_v they_o into_o their_o own_o hand_n and_o dispose_v of_o they_o as_o they_o think_v good_a this_o be_v a_o brisk_a stand_n and_o some_o restraint_n it_o do_v put_v to_o the_o pope_n exorbitancy_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v but_o a_o year_n 2585._o after_o that_o he_o send_v two_o bishop_n to_o the_o king_n to_o prevail_v with_o he_o to_o revoke_v these_o order_n but_o our_o historian_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o receive_v a_o short_a answer_n and_o present_o return_v home_o again_o and_o the_o next_o year_n follow_v the_o king_n put_v a_o 1346_o fine_a upon_o all_o foreign_a clergyman_n and_o take_v of_o every_o one_o according_a as_o they_o be_v able_a to_o give_v it_o will_v be_v too_o long_o for_o i_o to_o say_v how_o far_o this_o great_a king_n follow_v herein_o the_o step_n of_o his_o royal_a grandfather_n king_n edward_n i._o proceed_v to_o maintain_v his_o own_o authority_n and_o the_o liberty_n of_o his_o country_n against_o the_o papal_a encroachment_n i_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o notwithstanding_o all_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n to_o the_o contrary_a he_o constant_o adhere_v to_o the_o law_n make_v etc._n against_o provisor_n etc._n etc._n and_o when_o the_o pope_n publish_v his_o indulgence_n at_o rome_n anno_fw-la 1349_o he_o not_o only_o express_o forbid_v 26â—â—_n any_o of_o his_o subject_n to_o go_v thither_o but_o recall_v those_o who_o be_v already_o there_o but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o convocation_n 5â—_n and_o the_o method_n observe_v in_o hold_v of_o they_o when_o the_o archbishop_n complain_v in_o the_o parliament_n of_o the_o violation_n that_o 597._o be_v make_v of_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o church_n in_o that_o clergyman_n know_v to_o be_v such_o be_v oftentimes_o force_v to_o appear_v before_o the_o king_n judge_n it_o be_v free_o tell_v he_o that_o in_o this_o nothing_o be_v do_v but_o what_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a to_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o realm_n for_o that_o the_o ordinary_a be_v so_o negligent_a in_o punish_v of_o they_o that_o there_o will_v be_v no_o bound_n set_v to_o their_o excess_n unless_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n take_v some_o care_n to_o restrain_v they_o the_o archbishop_n be_v sensible_a that_o this_o be_v but_o too_o true_a and_o thereupon_o he_o go_v apart_o with_o his_o parliamentary_a clergy_n and_o by_o their_o common_a advice_n and_o consent_n set_v forth_o a_o order_n for_o the_o more_o severe_a confine_n and_o punish_v of_o such_o offender_n as_o for_o the_o other_o synod_n hold_v by_o this_o archbishop_n there_o be_v little_a remarkable_a in_o they_o i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o insist_v upon_o they_o it_o be_v about_o the_o year_n 1393_o that_o ii_o the_o famous_a statute_n of_o proemunire_n be_v pass_v and_o by_o which_o it_o be_v hope_v that_o a_o effectual_a stop_n will_v have_v be_v put_v to_o the_o usurpation_n of_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n and_o indeed_o it_o have_v be_v say_v by_o some_o that_o from_o this_o time_n forward_o our_o archbishop_n do_v leave_v off_o to_o summon_v convocation_n by_o their_o own_o authority_n and_o call_v they_o only_o at_o the_o king_n command_n but_o though_o i_o be_o not_o altogether_o satisfy_v in_o this_o 53._o particular_a yet_o that_o they_o now_o begin_v to_o be_v more_o moderate_a in_o the_o exercise_n of_o their_o power_n i_o do_v easy_o believe_v and_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o not_o only_o after_o this_o act_n but_o all_o along_o before_o when_o thing_n run_v at_o the_o high_a against_o the_o royal_a prerogative_n yet_o still_o our_o king_n often_o interpose_v their_o authority_n and_o summon_v convocation_n by_o their_o own_o writ_n direct_v to_o the_o archbishop_n as_o they_o still_o continue_v to_o be_v at_o this_o day_n and_o now_o the_o preach_a of_o wickliff_n and_o the_o opinion_n by_o he_o bring_v in_o begin_v to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o insomuch_o etc._n that_o courtney_n be_v archbishop_n think_v it_o needful_a to_o hold_v a_o synod_n at_o london_n on_o purpose_n to_o pass_v a_o sentence_n of_o condemnation_n upon_o they_o whether_o he_o do_v this_o at_o the_o king_n command_n or_o by_o virtue_n of_o his_o own_o legatine_n authority_n i_o shall_v not_o inquire_v but_o this_o we_o be_v assure_v that_o the_o king_n thereupon_o issue_v out_o his_o order_n for_o the_o arrest_v of_o all_o such_o as_o hold_v any_o heretical_a tenet_n and_o particular_o that_o oppose_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n agree_v upon_o in_o that_o convocation_n and_o the_o same_o be_v the_o business_n of_o the_o council_n hold_v by_o arundel_n his_o successor_n first_o at_o oxford_n anno_fw-la 1394_o then_o at_o london_n anno_fw-la 1408._o and_o lest_o the_o order_n 662._o of_o such_o synod_n shall_v not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o growth_n of_o
unwilling_a to_o believe_v it_o though_o all_o the_o while_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o by_o that_o very_a insinuation_n they_o hope_v to_o make_v it_o stick_v the_o more_o they_o think_v they_o have_v do_v their_o business_n they_o have_v guard_v themselves_o against_o be_v call_v to_o account_v for_o it_o by_o man_n and_o i_o be_o afraid_a they_o never_o once_o think_v what_o account_v they_o must_v give_v for_o it_o to_o god_n it_o be_v by_o this_o little_a artifice_n that_o this_o bold_a writer_n have_v presume_v to_o vent_v 25._o such_o calumny_n against_o the_o great_a and_o best_a man_n as_o have_v they_o real_o be_v true_a can_v hardly_o have_v be_v report_a without_o a_o crime_n have_v traduce_v the_o 23._o king_n as_o a_o man_n of_o no_o religion_n but_o particular_o as_o no_o friend_n to_o the_o church_n of_o england_n the_o archbishop_n as_o either_o 22._o ignorant_a of_o the_o church_n interest_n or_o too_o much_o a_o courtier_n to_o trouble_v the_o king_n about_o they_o the_o bishop_n as_o man_n that_o 66._o value_v not_o what_o become_v of_o the_o church_n so_o long_o as_o they_o can_v but_o keep_v their_o honour_n and_o their_o dignity_n in_o the_o state_n the_o inferior_a clergy_n as_o full_a of_o discontent_n 67._o and_o dissatisfaction_n as_o person_n who_o have_v be_v ill_o use_v and_o resent_v it_o according_o and_o last_o even_o the_o 15._o parliament_n its_o self_n as_o a_o body_n that_o have_v never_o yet_o do_v any_o thing_n in_o favour_n of_o religion_n nor_o that_o seem_v at_o all_o dispose_v to_o do_v any_o thing_n for_o the_o advantage_n of_o it_o and_o when_o such_o be_v the_o case_n of_o all_o these_o what_o wonder_v if_o he_o free_o declare_v his_o apprehension_n of_o a_o general_n 7._o conspiracy_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o man_n among_o we_o to_o undermine_v the_o catholic_n faith_n so_o that_o it_o be_v much_o to_o be_v fear_v no_o order_n no_o degree_n or_o place_n among_o we_o be_v whole_o free_a from_o the_o infection_n it_o will_v be_v endless_a for_o i_o to_o insist_v 26._o upon_o these_o and_o the_o like_a reflection_n which_o he_o seem_v industrious_o to_o have_v catch_v at_o in_o every_o part_n of_o his_o letter_n i_o shall_v instead_o of_o all_o examine_v the_o story_n with_o which_o he_o conclude_v it_o and_o so_o take_v my_o leave_n of_o he_o there_o be_v say_v he_o a_o time_n when_o the_o 67_o clergy_n be_v deem_v public_a enemy_n and_o use_v as_o such_o viz._n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edw._n 1._o but_o it_o be_v upon_o a_o very_a honourable_a account_n because_o they_o assert_v the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o king_n at_o that_o time_n do_v by_o commission_n against_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n pretend_v to_o collect_v money_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o parliament_n not_o from_o the_o clergy_n only_o but_o from_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o commonalty_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o latter_a do_v too_o many_o of_o they_o submit_v the_o clergy_n stout_o resist_v it_o so_o that_o sir_n robert_n brabazon_n the_o king_n '_o be_v chief_a justice_n pronounce_v open_o in_o the_o king_n '_o be_v bench_n in_o terrorem_fw-la that_o from_o thenceforth_o no_o justice_n shall_v be_v do_v at_o their_o suit_n and_o that_o justice_n shall_v be_v do_v against_o they_o in_o the_o king_n court_n at_o any_o man_n suit_n this_o passage_n i_o mark_v when_o i_o first_o read_v the_o institutes_n as_o a_o very_a extraordinary_a one_o it_o be_v pag._n 529._o 2_o inst_n i_o suppose_v you_o will_v think_v it_o so_o too_o and_o that_o england_n be_v then_o bless_v with_o a_o righteous_a chief_a justice_n this_o be_v the_o fable_n and_o the_o moral_a of_o 27._o it_o be_v not_o difficult_a king_n william_n be_v the_o edward_n here_o mean_v the_o present_a clergy_n be_v like_o those_o here_o mention_v deem_v public_a enemy_n but_o upon_o a_o very_a honourable_a account_n because_o they_o assert_v the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n that_o be_v stand_v up_o for_o another_o interest_n and_o be_v enemy_n to_o the_o present_a government_n for_o this_o they_o be_v not_o only_o deem_v public_a enemy_n but_o be_v use_v as_o such_o some_o of_o they_o have_v be_v turn_v out_o of_o their_o preferment_n other_o have_v be_v discountenance_v and_o not_o prefer_v according_a to_o their_o desert_n because_o they_o also_o have_v honourable_o stand_v up_o for_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n that_o be_v for_o another_o interest_n though_o they_o have_v again_o and_o again_o swear_v obedience_n to_o the_o present_a government_n and_o some_o of_o they_o though_o sore_o against_o their_o will_n even_o subscribe_v the_o association_n in_o defence_n of_o it_o to_o say_v nothing_o of_o other_o who_o be_v the_o most_o forward_o and_o busy_a of_o any_o in_o the_o kingdom_n to_o help_v on_o the_o revolution_n and_o to_o establish_v that_o government_n they_o now_o dislike_v and_o this_o they_o have_v do_v at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o the_o laity_n have_v too_o many_o of_o they_o submit_v and_o will_v i_o hope_v show_v that_o they_o be_v able_a to_o defend_v the_o government_n which_o they_o have_v establish_v against_o all_o the_o enemy_n of_o it_o though_o they_o be_v never_o so_o much_o censure_v and_o revile_v by_o these_o new_a patriot_n for_o their_o so_o do_v have_v thus_o account_v for_o this_o story_n 28._o as_o relate_v by_o this_o gentleman_n and_o that_o too_o imperfect_o from_o sir_n edw._n cook_n who_o authority_n in_o point_n of_o history_n he_o be_v willing_a to_o allow_v of_o though_o he_o can_v away_o with_o it_o in_o a_o point_n of_o law_n i_o shall_v in_o justice_n to_o the_o memory_n of_o that_o great_a prince_n and_o most_o worthy_a judge_n give_v a_o true_a account_n of_o this_o whole_a matter_n and_o let_v this_o author_n if_o he_o please_v make_v as_o pertinent_a a_o application_n of_o it_o for_o i_o as_o if_o i_o be_o not_o mistake_v i_o have_v do_v for_o he_o king_n edward_n the_o one_a have_v exhaust_v his_o store_n in_o the_o war_n of_o scotland_n 68_o and_o that_o with_o great_a honour_n to_o himself_o and_o advantage_n to_o the_o nation_n call_v his_o parliament_n at_o st._n edmundsbury_n the_o day_n after_o all_o soul_n and_o account_v his_o circumstance_n to_o them_o the_o laity_n ready_o grant_v he_o a_o subsidy_n as_o desire_v but_o the_o clergy_n pretend_v their_o fear_n of_o the_o pope_n bull_n deny_v in_o any_o wise_a to_o assist_v he_o pope_n boniface_n the_o viiith_o be_v desirous_a to_o advance_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n have_v the_o year_n before_o publish_v a_o constitution_n by_o which_o he_o sorbad_v the_o clergy_n to_o pay_v any_o tax_n to_o their_o prince_n without_o the_o pope_n consent_n and_o excommunicate_v as_o well_o the_o receiver_n as_o payer_n of_o such_o tax_n this_o be_v the_o bull_n which_o these_o good_a man_n stand_v upon_o and_o this_o that_o pope_n publishd_a at_o the_o particular_a 69._o desire_n of_o robert_n winchelsea_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o clergy_n of_o england_n the_o king_n though_o he_o be_v sufficient_o sensible_a of_o their_o juggle_n and_o displease_v at_o it_o nevertheless_o give_v they_o time_n till_o the_o next_o parliament_n to_o consider_v what_o they_o have_v to_o do_v and_o how_o to_o make_v some_o better_a and_o more_o satisfactory_a answer_n to_o he_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o cause_v all_o their_o store_n to_o be_v seal_v up_o and_o the_o archbishop_n to_o be_v even_o with_o he_o at_o the_o same_o time_n order_v 1296._o this_o bull_n of_o the_o pope_n to_o be_v publish_v in_o all_o the_o church_n of_o his_o province_n the_o next_o parliament_n be_v meet_v at_o london_n the_o day_n after_o hilary_n the_o king_n again_o demand_v a_o supply_n of_o they_o they_o persist_v in_o their_o denial_n and_o the_o king_n thereupon_o put_v they_o out_o of_o his_o col._n protection_n and_o hold_v his_o parliament_n with_o his_o baron_n without_o they_o a_o act_n be_v pass_v by_o which_o all_o their_o good_n be_v confiscate_v to_o the_o king_n use._n in_o this_o state_n the_o clergy_n be_v when_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n as_o my_o lord_n coke_n say_v sir_n robert_n brabazon_n who_o be_v then_o chief_a justice_n not_o of_o the_o king_n bench_n but_o of_o the_o common-plea_n declare_v to_o the_o attorney_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n what_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n 2491._o have_v do_v he_o bid_v they_o acquaint_v their_o master_n that_o from_o thenceforth_o no_o justice_n can_v be_v do_v for_o they_o in_o the_o king_n court_n though_o they_o shall_v be_v never_o so_o much_o injure_v but_o that_o justice_n may_v be_v have_v against_o they_o by_o any_o who_o have_v need_v and_o will_v move_v it_o to_o the_o court._n now_o this_o be_v no_o more_o