of true Devotion more than wrong notions of Almighty God The great reason why the Heathens were over-run with Idolatry and Superstition was because the Histories of their Gods were stuff'd with folly and wickedness and they could not pretend to greater heights of Purity than the Deities that they worshipped To adore God is to bestow upon him the highest Love Veneration and esteem of our Souls His Eyes pierce to the secrets that are buried in darkness and to the Centre of our Spirits and if our Sacrifices are sullied and defil'd in their first springs and principles they are an abomination unto him No Worship can be pleasing unto God unless what is offer'd by Love Pray what do we take him to be when we endeavour to put him off with any thing less than the flower and strength of our Reason Thus our Saviour instructs the Woman of Samaria in the Nature of true Worship but the hour cometh and now is when the true worshippers shall worship the Father in Spirit and in Truth for the Father seeketh such to worship him How gross must their apprehensions be who think that he is delighted with carnal Oblations for he is a Spirit and must be worshipped in spirit and in truth If I were hungry I would not tell thee for the World is mine and the fulness thereof Will I eat the flesh of Bulls or drink the blood of Goats offer unto God thanksgiving and pay thy vows unto the most High THE Philosophers discover'd the reasonableness of this Doctrine without Revelation and the best of them undervalu'd outward services and Sacrifices in comparison of a chast Mind and a pure Soul Do ye think saith Seneca that God is pleas'd with many Sacrifices and much Blood high Temples and magnificent Structures nay rather in suo cuique consecrandus est pectore The breast of a good Man is the most lovely Temple for the Divinity the place of his peculiar residence and Habitation And this is but the language of the Prophet Isay a little varied Thus saith the Lord the Heaven is my Throne and the Earth is my footstool where is the house that ye build unto me and where is the place of my rest For all those things hath mine hand made and all those things have been saith the Lord But to this man will I look even to him that is poor and of a contrite spirit and trembleth at my word He that killeth an Ox is as if he slew a man c. The Sacrifices of Gods own institution were not regarded unless they were subservient to this more excellent Oblation THIS Evangelical Sacrifice is the only and most proper mean to attain the true ends of Worship freedom from sin the favour of God and peace of Conscience are the great ends of all Religion and these things are not attain'd by the most pompous shew and parade of Ceremonies unless the Soul and Will be first sacrificed to his Obedience When ye come to appear before me who hath requir'd this at your hand to tread my Courts bring no more vain Oblations Incense is an abomination unto me the new Moons and Sabbaths the calling of Assemblies I cannot away with it is iniquity even the solemn meeting How loathsom in the eyes of God are all our publick services when the Soul is left behind He hath shewed thee O! man what is good and what doth the Lord require of thee but to do justly and to love mercy and to walk humbly with thy God THIS is the Sacrifice that is peculiar to the New Testament when we approach the Throne of God with filial confidence like Children of the free woman disingaged from the servile incumbrances that held the Jews in bondage When we offer our selves unto God with true alacrity strong desires and a mind purified from the World and feculent adherences that stick to us from the neighbourhood of sensible Objects when we come with that masculine and chearful Devotion that becomes them that are set at liberty from the weak and dark shadows of the Law By St. Peter we are said to be a spiritual Priesthood to offer up spiritual Sacrifices And we are told by S. Paul that we have access to the Throne and liberty to cry Abba Father And commanded in our Prayers to lift up holy hands without wrath or doubting This is the Worship of the new Testament the foundation of that ingenuous Converse that is between us and Heaven Therefore do we with so much elevation of spirit magnifie the goodness of God that gave us his Son Vnto him that loved us and washed us from our sins in his own blood and hath made us Kings and Priests unto God and his Father to him be glory and dominion for ever and ever Amen THIS is true Evangelical Sacrifice and it alone affords the most solid delight and satisfaction to the Votary Outward Services when they are separated from this inward dedication have nothing in them but toil and bodily labour we are told by the Author to the Hebrews that the Jewish Religion did consist in Meats and Drinks and divers Ordinances And we find in the Prophecy of Amos that such of the Jews as did not see further than the letter of the Law thought their attendance on the Temple-service the most intolerable weariness But when we sacrifice our very Souls unto his obedience his Presence fills our hearts with joy and gladness the purest rapture and contentment Thou hast put more gladness in my heart than in the time when their wine and their oil did increase True joy arises in the Soul from an Union with God when the light of his Countenance shines upon us by its clear beams and irradiations the clouds of darkness and disasters cannot approach us we are then secure against fear and despondency we feel our selves encircled in the arms of divine Love and made strong against the assaults of anxiety God is the source of all Felicity and the nearer we draw unto him the more happy we are and rational happiness must be felt and necessarily must dilate it self in all the faculties of the Soul A Conscience void of offence towards God and towards Man is a house built upon the Rock it may be batter'd but it cannot be shaken And God loves to pour into our hearts such degrees of joy when we are purified from all filthiness of the flesh and of the Spirit when we offer our selves without reserve to his service and obedience when we sacrifice our hearts unto God when Charity consumes the Oblation and true zeal inflames the Victim I had rather said the Psalmist be one day in thy Courts than a thousand elsewhere And again O! How love I thy Law it is my meditation night and day They are strangers to true Peace and satisfaction that are unacquainted with the pure and unmixt pleasures of Religion 2. LET us consider the value that God did set upon
this spiritual Sacrifice when the Levitical Sacrifices were in force He always gave his People to understand by the Prophets that the whole train of the Mosaick Ceremonies was design'd to signifie and advance this everlasting and more spiritual Worship which was to continue when the typical figures and shadows were gone This is clear from that remarkable place in the Prophecies of Jeremiah For I spake not unto your Fathers nor commanded them in the day that I brought them out of the land of Egypt concerning Burnt-Offerings or Sacrifices but this thing commanded I them saying obey my Voice and I will be your God and ye shall be my people Strange Did not God command the Sacrifices of the Levitical Law Yes certainly but with design to advance the purer Worship of the Mind This is more precious than the most costly Offerings of the Temple The Widow's Mite recorded in the Gospel is one visible instance of it 't is prefer'd in the esteem of God to all the Rich Donations of the Scribes and Pharisees she came to the Treasury with a poor Purse and a Rich Soul a Soul made cheerful with the Love of God and in the simplicity of her heart without ostentation or reserve she offered all that she had How much God delighted in the Oblations of the Mind beyond the outward Sacrifices appears in this that he readily dispens'd with the Ceremony when that other more valuable Sacrifice was brought Two famous instances we have of this viz. David's eating the Shew-bread by which our Saviour confounded the Pharisees who doted so much on the external part of their Religion And the next is the manner of Hezekiah 's celebrating the Passeover though the people were not prepared according to the method prescribed by the Law Therefore it is a foolish Argument that the Jews make use of against our Saviour that he could not be the Messias because he did abolish the Ceremonies of Moses's Law For the Levitical Sacrifices did vanish of their own accord when our Saviour rose from the dead and gave place unto that Spiritual Worship that was more agreeable to the Divine Nature and the Spiritual Kingdom of the Messias So our Saviour tells the Woman of Samaria Woman believe me the hour cometh when ye shall neither in this Mountain nor yet in Jerusalem worship the Father but the hour cometh and now is when the true Worshippers shall worship the Father in Spirit and in Truth for the Father seeketh such to worship him From all this it is very evident that not only in the time of the Patriarchs but under the Law this was only the Sacrifice that was valued by God 3. LET us remember that the exact care and caution wherewith they were obliged to offer their Sacrifices under the Law did signifie and promote this Spiritual Sacrifice of the New Testament I do not here intend a just Discourse of the antient Sacrifices yet we may be oblig'd to look back into the Books of Moses to consider some particulars that concern all Sacrifices in general AND 1. All Sacrifices were offered with Salt With all thine Offerings thou shalt offer Salt This is cited in the New Testament by our Saviour I must remember that I ought not to amuse you with Cabalistick Fooleries but it is certain from the Epistle to the Galatians and the Hebrews that there was a sublime Moral couch'd and intended by the external Scheme of the Law And therefore though we are not able to trace it in all its Lines and Figures yet we may safely venture when we force the Law to say nothing but what is agreeable to the great design of Religion and the Morals of Christianity LET me return to consider this first step of their Caution in sacrificing Salt hath in it a twofold Vertue 1. It preserves from Putrefacton 2. It binds the parts together 1. I SAY it preserves from Putrefaction The Sacrifices that are offered unto the pure and incorruptible Deity must resemble his Nature the rottenness of hypocrisie fraud and malice must be banish'd from all his Sacrifices We have escaped the corruption that is in the World through lust being made partakers of the Divine Nature Thus are we exhorted to sincerity opposite to corruption by S. Peter Wherefore laying aside all malice all guile and hypocrisies and envies and all evil speakings c. See with what complacency our Saviour speaks of Nathanael Behold an Israelite indeed in whom is no guile 2. SALT bindeth the parts together We are forbidden to bring our Gifts to the Altar until first we are reconcil'd to our Brother We are directed by S. Paul to lift up holy hands without wrath or doubting Our God is the God of Peace our Religion is the Gospel of Peace and the fruits of the Spirit are Joy and Peace and the wisdom that is from above is first pure and then peaceable Such a temper and frame of Spirit does well answer the Prophecies of Isaiah That the Wolf should dwell with the Lamb the Leopard and the Kid shall lye down together And the Calf and the young Lion and the Fatling together and a young Child shall lead them i e. the fierce and unruly passions of Humane Nature shall be conquer'd and subdu'd by the Laws of Jesus every thing that is rugged and boistrous must be tam'd and smooth'd for the Earth shall be full of the knowledge of the Lord as the Waters cover the Sea I might add to this that Salt preserves the relish And therefore the Apostle exhorts Let your speech be always with Grace seasoned with Salt that ye may know how to answer every man If this were notic'd our tongues should be employed with greater Modesty and less censorious endeavouring to close rather than widen the breaches in our neighbourhood 2. ALL Sacrifices ought to be blameless according to the Prescript of the Law The Prophet Malachi upbraids the people with the neglect of this If ye offer the lame and the sick is it not evil offer it now unto thy Governour will he be pleas'd with thee or accept thy person What we offer unto God who is of purer eyes than that he can behold iniquity must be blameless and entire that ye may be blameless and harmless the Sons of God without rebuke in the midst of a crooked and perverse Nation among whom ye shine as lights in the World We are to consider not only our inward frame but also the outward Decorum of our behaviour in the place of his presence 3. ALL Sacrifices were to be offered without Leaven No meat offering which ye shall bring unto the Lord shall be made with leaven And the New Testament commands us to beware of the leaven of the Pharisees And to purge out the old leaven of Corruption Now leaven hath a twofold quality it sowrs and it swells either or both marrs the Sacrifice whether we grow sowr with
FROM what was heard let us go forward to what was seen and there appeared unto them cloven tongues like as of fire and sat upon each of them 1. There appeared Tongues The Apostles that were formerly silent had now their tongues loos'd they lifted up their voice like Trumpets and spake the wonderful things of God and the Jewish Proselytes from all Nations that were now at Jerusalem were astonish'd to hear the poor Galileans open up the profoundest Mysteries so readily and so successfully their Tongues as if they were cloven by the finger of God spake those words that were like sparks of fire in the Souls of men now they appear'd to be the genuine Disciples of him who spake as never man spake who taught as one having authority whose words did reach the Souls of men with life and force and pierc'd between the Soul and the Spirit between the joynts and the marrow It was then true of the Apostles what was prophetically said by the Psalmist of our Saviour Grace is poured into thy lips therefore God hath blessed thee for ever The streams of their heavenly eloquence ran smoothly and fluently in Mysteries in Revelations in Reproofs in Directions in Counsels in Wisdom in Knowledge in Purity not exactly limned and proportion'd by elaborate periods and artificial dresses but in the greatest plainness mixt with the greatest power they deliver'd their message how boldly and how pertinently did they confute the slanders of Infidelity With what courage did they upbraid the Sanhedrim with the Murder of the Lord of Life Who among their Scribes and their learnedest Pharisees durst encounter the Wisdom of S. Stephen when once filled with the Holy Ghost How flat are Humane Reasonings against the Wisdom of God How feeble and how dull are all contrivances against the Council of the Almighty And now the Apostles found the Prophecy concerning the Messias in a great measure verified in his Disciples The Lord God hath given me the tongue of the Learned that I should know to speak a word in season to him that is weary 2. THOSE Tongues were cloven There are some Tongues cloven by the Devil that can nimbly shuffle themselves into different figures and are so accurately vers'd in the little arts of dissimulation that you may come much sooner to their meaning when you understand every thing that they say in a contradictory sense than when you swallow it down in the literal meaning S. James telleth us that with the same tongue we both bless God and curse man but the Tongues of the Apostles were cloven for a more noble end viz. that they might divide aright the Word of God unto all Nations under Heaven Parthians Medes and Elamites and the dwellers in Mesopotamia in Judea in Cappadocia Pontus Asia Phrygia and Pamphylia strangers of Rome Jews and Proselytes Cretes and Arabians all of them heard the Apostles in their own language speak the wonderful things of God The Church was no longer to be confin'd to the Land of Judea but from the rising of the Sun to the going down thereof the Worship of the Living and true God was to be set up in all Nations without distinction of Jew and Gentile So our Saviour tells the Woman of Samaria that the hour was come when the Worship of the true God was neither confin'd to Jerusalem nor the Mountains of Samaria but that he should be worshipped in Spirit and in Truth 3. THOSE Tongues appear'd in the similitude of Fire the Tongues of the Apostles were fired from Heaven and this is evident whether we consider 1. The Heat of their Zeal or 2. The Light of their Doctrine or 3. The Force Activity and Success of their Ministry 1. I SAY View the Heat of their Zeal what a flame was kindled by it in the hearts of other men How did they crowd into the Church when there was nothing to be gain'd by it but Death Disgrace and Martyrdom What a change was wrought upon the Spirits of men by the Light of the Gospel How earnestly and how vigorously did they serve God when they first came over from Paganism and Superstition How joyfully did they take the spoiling of their goods And with what courage did they offer themselves before all Judges Courts and Tribunals to be sacrificed for the Name of Jesus 2. Next to this let us consider the Light that is in it now the World was convinc'd that the Messias was the Light of the Gentiles in the highest sense that He was the light come down from heaven and the day-star from on high that visited us How swiftly did Error Darkness and Superstition flee before him When the Enemy of Mankind did bend all his forces to retard obscure his Victories the Light of the glorious Gospel of Christ broke through those Clouds and appeared in its Meridian Splendor maugre all opposition When the Sun ariseth then man goeth forth unto his labour and the Beasts retire into their Dens but when the Sun of Righteousness thus appear'd the Demons that formerly enslav'd Mankind were forced to retire Their Idolatrous Rites and Ceremonies were deserted and made to leave the field to the triumphant Standard of our Blessed Saviour This Light look'd men so broad in the face that they were asham'd of their former folly and wickedness they surrendered themselves captives to its clear discoveries and illuminations for its evidence was so strong and undeniable S. Paul telleth us that it was the main scope of their Commission and Design to open mens eyes and to turn them from darkness to light and from the power of Satan unto God that they may receive forgiveness of sins and inheritance among them that are sanctified 3. FIRE did resemble the Holy Ghost because of its Force and Activity and when we consider the success of their Ministry we must acknowledge that the Power of God was engag'd to second their Commission Who can without the deepest astonishment and Adorations of Gods infinite Wisdom think of the Atchievments of those poor men When we remember what it was that our Saviour commanded and by what means they were to put his Commands into execution and what opposition they ought in all reason to look for if they attempted any such thing what was it then that he did command them No less than to go and teach all Nations i. e. to renverse the establish'd Laws Sacrifices and Customs of the whole World to destroy the Worship of all false Gods to introduce the Mystical Judaism in the room of the Literal of which the Jews were so obstinately fond to reform the manners of all Mankind to teach them to live by new Principles and in hopes of distant and unseen rewards to mortifie and subdue inveterate prejudices and their strongest inclinations to run up the Hill against the force of Custom Law and Example In a word to make the most incredible Changes in the World by such men
force of Errors to the end of the World When he ascended up on high he led Captivity captive and gave gifts unto men He made the illiterate Gallileans baffle the Infidelity of the Jews confound the Philosophy of the Athenians and expose the Worship of Demons The Donatives that he scattered amongst his followers overcame the little Reasonings and Sophistry of Carnal Wisdom and made both Jew and Gentile stoop to receive the Yoke of the Crucified Messias The Prophecy of Joel was fulfilled and his Spirit powred out on all flesh in such plentiful effusions that it broke down all opposition it carried all before it and defied all obstacles that were invented by human Counsel and though this be meant in its most eminent sense of the Apostolical Age yet the same Spirit supplies the Church in all Ages out of the same fulness But Thirdly IN this Metaphor is implied the strength of its Inclosure The Church is a Society formed and combined by Spiritual Laws and Ligaments for Jerusalem is a City that is compact together Psal 122. Accordingly the Psalmist prays Peace be within thy Walls and Prosperity within thy Palaces The Church is a foreign Colony a Kingdom not of this World fortified with Spiritual Power Laws and Arguments to overawe the Consciences of Men to reclaim the stubborn to establish the Authority of Jesus by the Promises and Threatnings of an Invisible Kingdom for his Kingdom is not of this World it forms no designs against the Temporalities of Princes it gives no disturbance to their Possessions it lives in the profoundest peace and the most absolute tranquillity AND until Ease Luxury Riches and Idleness had debauch'd the Morals and Intellectuals of the Western Church there was no disturbance given to the Powers of the Earth the Church indeed is a Society but a Society whose Laws Maxims and Methods are wholly different from Secular Policy The Nature and Genius of our Religion abstracts Mens Minds from the World and the Laws of it are Pure Heavenly and Spiritual and the natural tendency of them is to alienate our affections from the Earth HAVE you observed any Society of Men under the Name of a Church grasping at Earthly Power and by Secular Intrigues and Contrivances levelling all opposition it is no more acted by the Spirit of Jesus Yet notwithstanding of this Innocence the Church is a Fountain of Gardens a peculiar Inclosure that neither Wolves nor Bears can break through neither Persecutors nor Hereticks can destroy it the gates of Hell cannot prevail against it the Storms may indeed rise very high but Christ is in the Ship and he can reprove the Winds and Storms Psal 129. Many a time have they afflicted me from my youth may Israel say yet have they not prevailed the Plowers plowed upon my back and made long their furrows WHEN we remember that the whole World lies in wickedness and the Spirit that prevails most among Mankind is opposite to the designs of the Gospel what a Miracle of the Divine Goodness is it that the Hedge of the Church is not quite broke down And sometimes the violent attempts of the Kingdom of Darkness may so far prevail by the permission of God as utterly to deface and ruine particular Churches They have all their Intervals Eclipses and several Periods of Light and Darkness for no particular Church by any Promise Grant or Privilege of our Saviour is secured from a possibility of falling by Error Defection and Heresie but the preservation of the Church is owing wholly to the Divine Arm his Love Care and Tenderness reaches the Church in all her conditions and members He shall feed his flock like a Shepherd he shall gather the Lambs with his Arm and carry them in his Bosom and shall gently lead those that are with young HIS Ambassadors must be such as by their Seriousness Gravity and Innocence may put to silence the ignorance of foolish men we must resolutely encounter the hard Censures and Obloquies of a perverse World and when we have done our utmost to oblige them to entertain the Gospel and us for the Gospels sake we may chance to be treated with all the marks of ignominy contempt and disdain If it be so difficult then to preserve the Church and our own Reputation from the attempts and malice of wicked men I think in Prudence Honour and Conscience we ought to be very kind to the Reputation of one another To bespatter ones Reputation is the greatest wound you can give his Character and it is all one whether you do it by a direct blow or slantingly by cunning and slie insinuations Indeed we can do little by our selves to defend the inclosure of the Church we are but weak and feeble and the wickedness of Men makes us more and more so yet if every one made his Brothers Reputation dear to him as his own we might do very much to vindicate the Innocence to extenuate the Infirmities to remove the reproaches that are Atheistically cast upon Men of our Order and the Church might appear unto our enemies to be in the language of the Bridegroom Cant. 6.4 beautiful as Tirzah and comely as Jerusalem and terrible as an Army with banners THE weakest things knit together make a strong resistance for though we fight not with carnal weapons yet those we make use of are mighty to break and shatter the Kingdom of Darkness and all its retinue THIS Metaphor implyes Fourthly The Propriety of Christ in his Spouse The Church is said in the twelfth Verse to be Fons signatus a Fountain sealed She carries the visible Badge and Livery of her dearest Lord and Redeemer She is the chast Spouse of Jesus Christ hence you find whenever the Jews made defection from the Worship of the true God the Prophets did upbraid them with their going a whoring after their Idols The Church is married unto him in Truth and Righteousness his Mystical Body bought with his Blood Silver and Gold could not redeem her the Love of Christ to the Church is incomprehensible the height the breadth and the depth of it goes beyond our imaginations and much more all our expressions He loveth the gates of Zion more than all the dwellings of Jacob and Psal 78.68 He chused Mount Zion which he loved he built his Sanctuary like the Earth which he hath established for ever his love to the Church is prima regula amoris Eph. 5.25 Husbands love your Wives even as Christ loved his Church and gave himself for it The Church hath but one Husband one Mediator one Sacrifice the Purity Value and Propitiation of which defends her for ever against all the efforts and assaults of Hell We see by what is said that this Metaphor in its true intent most naturally agrees to the Organick Church established in the true Faith and guarded with its true Pastors BUT I go forward to the second Particular that I promised to speak to the Purity of these Waters the Church is a
positae quoniam suaves miscetis odores And this is prophesied of the Messias that his Garments should smell of Myrrhe Aloes and Cassia And from him the Church hath all those excellent Smells mentioned Verse 14. Saffron Calamus and Cinnamon to teach us that though the Gifts of the Spirit are and have all their several excellencies yet they are all useful to the Church whose garments are made of needle work and different colours and therefore it is an unpardonable vanity in the People to make saucy comparisons between the Gifts of Ecclesiasticks for stabit unus quisque sorte sua and the Philosophy of S. Paul to the Corinthians should teach them more modesty If the foot shall say because I am not the Eye I am not of the Body is it therefore not of the Body If we look up to our Superiours for assistance conduct and direction they must look down to us for obedience deference and submission THE third Thing that I promised was the rise of those Waters they come from Mount Libanus by an impetuous force and vigour Nothing can more lively represent the first rise and beginning of those heavenly Oracles The Gospel is the day star from on high and the Doctrine that our Saviour hath revealed is from Heaven We are told by Historians that at the foot of Mount Libanus there arises a pleasant Fountain aquas habens limpidissimas that run down from it through subterraneous passages most impetuously and there burst forth in great plenty and by several Conduits waters all the Gardens of the Plain And this leads us naturally to the Divinity of our Religion but here I stop being afraid that I have transgress'd already the time that was allowed me To God the Father Son and Holy Ghost be Glory for ever Amen A SERMON ON ROM xii 1. I beseech you therefore Brethren by the mercies of God that you present your Bodies a living sacrifice holy acceptable unto God which is your reasonable service THE Apostle in the former part of this Epistle asserted the Doctrine of Evangelical Justification against the unbelieving Jews who stuck so tenaciously to the System of Moses's Laws And now he sums up in one pathetic Exhortation the strength and design of the Gospel and of all Religion Christianity was not a Collection of dry and airy Notions calculated to amuse the World but a Discipline the highest and the purest that ever was received amongst men the immediate Revelation of Infinite Wisdom which brought along with it true and everlasting righteousness And therefore they ought not to let their thoughts dwell so much and so long on the glory of their Temple and the variety of their Sacrifices under the Levitical Oeconomy They were now invited to offer unto God more valuable Oblations than any of their former They were to bring themselves to the Altar of God and resign their Will to his Will And this was more agreeable to the nature of true Religion the design of the Gospel and the highest exercise of Reason When we bring unto God only things that are without us we mistake his Nature and despise his Goodness Reason taught us that the best things are to be offered unto God and therefore the Heart and Soul and Mind of Man are the only Sacrifices that are truly valuable And this is the reason why the Apostle addresses to the Christians at Rome with so much zeal and affection I will shortly consider 1. His Preface 2. His Exhortation And 3. The Motive to enforce it And 1. For the Preface By the mercies of God We easily infer from the fervour and solemnity of the Apostles Introduction the weight and importance of his Exhortation i. e. I do beseech you with all the earnest passion and true tenderness that I am capable of I exhort you by the Mercies of God i. e. by what is uppermost in his Nature his boundless Compassions that are in the front of all his glorious Perfections and in the Language of the Psalmist from everlasting to everlasting by all that is great sacred and venerable that which takes up the wonder of Angels the praises of men and the adorations of the Saints in glory that you no longer resist the Light of the Gospel but since you are redeem'd from the pompous drudgery of an external Religion that you would think no Sacrifices worthy of God but such as are attended with your life strength zeal and devotion for this is the true Worship of the New Testament when our Will is united to the Will of God 'T IS easie to observe the holy Violence and Fire of S. Paul's Spirit when he endeavours to plant-true and solid Religion Here he speaks as if his Soul was ready to crack the strings that ty'd it to his Body He is all flame all love all endeavour all charity He wishes himself an Anathema i. e. a publick Sacrifice for the unbelieving Jews if this could recover them from their Infidelity to the acknowledgement of the Truth as it is in Jesus HE made use of this weighty Argument in this place because there is none of greater force If the Angels were to preach to us and gain us to the belief of the Gospel they could not fly higher in their Perswasives than the Mercies of God It is by them that he chuses to proclaim all his Titles of Honour to the World The Lord the Lord God slow to anger and of great goodness So when the Apostle exhorts by the Mercies of God he exhorts by God himself and all those ineffable appearances of his Goodness that are felt by the intelligent World and every moment proclaim'd with wonder and acknowledgement HOW merciful must he be who suffers without present revenge the many horrid Crimes that are daily committed the provocations that fly in the face of Heaven their multitude their variety and their circumstances as if men would pull down the Almighty from his Throne and reverse the foundations of good and evil And yet such is the love of God to mankind that after many unkind denyals and rude affronts he besieges the Consciences of men by the force of his Convictions he makes the Light of his Word to pierce to the bottom of the Soul and powerfully overcome the stubborness of our Will How wisely does he conduct us through the labyrinth of tentations How sweetly does he engage us by the motions of his Spirit How kindly does he receive the Prodigal when as yet he had but some small beginnings of wisdom sobriety and calmness He saw him afar off he ran to him fell upon his neck and kissed him WHEN we remember that the Mercies of God are our surest Refuge and Sanctuary in all our fears straits and difficulties we need say no more to amplifie them This is the strong Hold that we flee to when we are assaulted by fear despair or the terrour of the Law WHEN Nathan the Prophet by a
witty Parable forc'd open the Conscience of David when the terrours of God began to take hold of him he immediately ran to the horns of this Altar According to the multitude of thy tender mercies blot out my sins and my transgressions This is the argument which God himself cannot resist See with what zeal and holy Rapture it is pleaded by Daniel in behalf of the Captives of Babylon O Lord hear O Lord forgive O Lord hearken and do defer not for thine own sake O! my God for thy City and thy people are call'd by thy Name NOW we may easily guess what stress the Apostle laid upon this Argument like a skilful Orator he reserves his strongest motives for the last Place that by one stroke he might batter down all Objections He had sufficiently reasoned the case in the former Chapters and now he pleads that his Reasonings may not be in vain that they may not resist so much Light and Authority but rather that they ought to give way to their own Convictions and the true designs of Christianity and yield up themselves an entire Victim to the Will of God IT is usual with the Apostle when he recommends those comprehensive Duties that have in them the Soul and strength of Christianity to enforce them by this Argument If there be therefore any consolation in Christ if any comfort of Love if any fellowship of the Spirit if any bowels of mercies c. But shortly the reasons why the Apostle pitch'd upon this Argument are these I. BECAUSE the contempt of God's mercies is attended with the sharpest and the saddest marks of his displeasure and indignation And this is just in its self if we consider that we have nothing to say on our own behalf when we trample upon his Love and Mercy So argues the Author to the Hebrews How shall we escape if we neglect so great a salvation which at the first began to be spoken by the Lord and was confirmed unto us by them that heard him And again He that despised Moses Law died without mercy under two or three witnesses of how much sorer punishment suppose ye shall he be thought worthy that hath trodden under foot the blood of the Son of God The contempt of his Love and Mercy manifested in the Gospel is the most inexcusable folly and madness This is the condemnation that light is come into the world and men love darkness rather than light This is the Vinegar and Gall that fill the Souls of the damn'd with self-horror confusion and indignation This is the thought that eternally disquiets the dark Habitations below viz. that once they might have been sav'd that once they had their day and that they refus'd the Light when it shin'd No Tortures so exquisite as the lashes of an inrag'd Conscience The Light that they despis'd whilst they were here looks them broad in the face and makes them roar to all Eternity And these accusations of the Soul against it self the upbraidings and inward whips of the Mind make up the miseries of an intellectual Being 2. THE Apostle made choice of this Argument from the Mercies of God in this place when he summ'd up the whole Christian practice into one Exhortation because his Mercies in the Gospel are his last remedy for our Recovery Upon other occasions the Apostle moves men to their duty by the consideration of his Power So he exhorts the Corinthians Knowing therefore the terrour of the Lord we persuade Men. But there are other Arguments to move us when those from his Power and Sovereignty are us'd If we sin against his Dominion and Power we fly to his Mercy but when we sin against his Mercy there is not another Attribute in God to which we can fly his Mercy is the last remedy for the recovery of Mankind This is decipher'd excellently in that Parable of the Gospel the Master of the Vinyard when all his former Servants and Messengers had been baffled and abus'd resolves at last to send his beloved Son It may be said he they will reverence him when they see him and if they did not the patience and goodness of God was no longer to struggle with them If we reflect a little on the weight and solemnity of this Preface we may justly infer the consequence of that Exhortation to which it is prefix'd I beseech you by the most sacred Mysteries of our Religion I beseech you by all that is amiable and delightful by the mercies of God that soften the most rugged dispositions and melt the most obdur'd hearts by that great Propitiation brought to light by the Gospel that you would present your bodies a living sacrifice holy acceptable unto God which is your reasonable service AND this leads me to consider this Exhortation more particularly The Apostle asserted formerly our freedom from the Levitical Sacrifices and lest we should think that by our Christian Liberty we are loos'd from all worship and obedience he informs us here what was the Sacrifice that was chiefly design'd under the Symbols and Figures of the ancient Law and indispensably requir'd under the Oeconomy of the Gospel And tho Interpreters may vary in their Expressions yet all of them must agree that there is no more intended than that the Christians instead of Beasts and bloody Sacrifices would offer up themselves i. e. their Wills Strength and Affections with purity and zeal to the service of God The word in the Original in several good Authors signifies persons That ye present your bodies i. e. Your selves for this under the New Testament is the only acceptable Sacrifice This is the whole of the Christian Religion this is the life and design of the former Ceremonies and this is the Abstract and Compend of all true Worship And because this one truth is of such vast consequence to the Souls of Men and hath in it the Spirit and Quintessence of all practical Devotion I shall endeavour to recommend it and give further light unto it in the following Method 1. I WILL consider the excellency of this Sacrifice abstractly and in it self 2. THE value that God did set upon it when the Levitical Sacrifices were prescribed by the Law and were most in vogue amongst the Jews 3. THAT this Sacrifice was principally intended by all the care caution and ceremony wherewith all other Sacrifices were offered 4. I WILL separately explain the Epithets by which this Sacrifice is recommended with allusion to the old Sacrifices of the Law And from all these particulars we must necessarily conclude that this is the Sacrifice that truly recommends us to God 1. LET us view the excellency of this Sacrifice and total surrender of our selves to his disposal There is nothing else suitable to the Divine Nature it is not Gold nor Frankincense nor the costly Perfumes of Arabia that propitiate the Deity a Soul purified from vice and sin is his peculiar Habitation Nothing quenches the fire
desirable event WE are to meet with God in the most comfortable and sublime Ordinance and to dress our Souls in their best Robes and Wedding-garments We are to come to this Feast with pure intentions and to arm our selves with the whole armour of God and against every Limb of the body of Death We are to set the pure Law of God before our Eyes and faithfully to compare our actions with it and do you think that this can be done by a superficial glance or can we renverse so easily what is so deeply rooted in our Nature and frame can we by the slightest attempt overturn the works of Satan When we remember that we are to be judged for every secret thought and every idle word and every evil deed how impartial and accurate ought we to be in this Examination when we compare our lives with the Law of God what a formidable Army of our sins do we at first view perceive Our omissions our careless performance of what we do our injuries towards others our foolish impertinent and uncharitable Censures of many our breach of former Promises and Resolutions the hardness of our Hearts against the various Methods of Gods Goodness Patience and Providence against the light reproofs and directions of our own Consciences and the honour of our most holy Profession now when we have gotten such a sight of our sins the Prayer of the Publican in the Temple becomes us Lord be merciful to me a sinner 2. WHEN you have made an impartial discovery of your Condition judge thy self with all severity for if we judge our selves we shall not be judged of the Lord. We are not to judge our selves blindly and with precipitation but upon a full and clear evidence of our Condition nor is it enough to pass sentence against our selves in general forms to acknowledge that we are sinners but we must confess our particular sins such as are our sins in a special manner either by habitual custom temperament of Body ordinary Society or by any other accident or teâ—â—ation for without this particular and ingenuous confession we are not ashamed of what we have done and consequently not truly penitent Let us therefore neither hide nor extenuate our sins before God to whose Eyes all things are naked and open and whose word divides between the soul and the spirit who knows our thoughts afar off and the very first tendencies of our Soul towards evil Apply the confession of the prodigal Son to thy particular state and say with true contrition and humility I have sinned against heaven and in thy sight and am no more worthy to be called thy son THE Grace of God cannot grow to any ripeness and perfection but in the Soul that is truly humble and that sensibly feels it self in the most destitute condition unless our Saviour speedily interpose for our recovery and there is no Method so proper to make us truly humble as to see our selves without disguise naked as in the sight of God When we are stript of our Excuses and artificial coverings by which we endeavour to hide our selves from our Neighbours then we see the vast distance that is between the pure Laws of our Religion and our loose careless and disordered lives God is present with us at all times and his Eyes pierce to the Center of our Spirits Let us therefore go to the bottom of the Sore and examine our actions by that infallible Rule of his Word and then we must condemn our selves in the most serious and afflictive strain of true remorse and contrition and therefore we find that the most eminent Saints have been most accurate and impartial in censuring their own sins and transgressions they were more ingenuous than their most watchful Enemies to aggravate their own follies Thus my heart was griev'd saith the Psalmist and I was pricked in my reins so foolish was I and ignorant I was as a beast before thee 3. WE are to approach this Sacrament with strong resolutions at last to be revenged on our sins Let us reason our selves out of our former idleness and sloth if we are truly griev'd for our sins we must break thorough the ordinary Obstacles that formerly kept us in bondage Is there no strength in this Sacrament to break those Iron bars by which we are shut up under the power of our sins Are our bonds so strong that they cannot be shaken off Are our Appetites so violent and unruly that they cannot be resisted Were not others encompassed with the same flesh and infirmities and yet happily made free And shall we miserably groan under the load of our sins even though we feel that they make us hateful to God Nay let us cast our selves under the compassionate Eye of our blessed Lord and Master and beseech him that he would let us feel the power of his Resurrection and break our Captivity that he would let us know that He that is in us is stronger than He that is in the World that his Wisdom and Strength may interpose to help our weakness and folly that He would gird his victorious Sword upon his thigh and eradicate our evil Habits Let God arise and let his Enemies be scattered and fly before his presence Our resolutions must not only be vigorous and fervent but fixt against particular sins to which our inclinations are more violent and forward 4. COME unto the Holy Table with full trust in the mercy of God He will not quench the smoaking flax nor will he break the bruised reed He blows upon the first sparks of Sincerity until they are flam'd into perfect zeal and Devotion The Waters that He gives are a Well of water springing up unto life eternal He will perfect that which he hath begun The goodness of God and the incomprehensible Love of Jesus are immovable Pillars of our Faith and therefore we are to fill our Eyes with a prospect of Mercy He will not deal rigidly with us neither will he upbraid us with our former guiltiness when we are prostrate at his feet when we plead with him by his boundless Compassion and the Abyss of our miseries The Blood of Jesus is the true Atonement and propitiation for the sins of the World So reasons the Author to the Hebrews that the blood of Jesus must be of infinitely greater force than that of Bulls and Goats and the ashes of an Heiser for he offered himself without spot unto God and that through the eternal Spirit and therefore he lives for ever to make intercession for us and if we believe the sufficiency and merit of his Sacrifice we must also be persuaded of the real efficacy of this Sacrament to convey the Merits of Christs blood to every penitent Communicant This may be easily discern'd by its contrary influence on the prophane and impenitent If he that eats and drinks unworthily eats and drinks damnation then certainly it it must convey life strength light
when shall I come and appear before God 2. To make the Sacrifice Acceptable it must needs be offered unto God without retractation with a chearful liberal Soul And this no doubt was the Essential difference between the Sacrifice of Cain and Abel Abel gave his Sacrifice with a bountiful benign Soul Cain gave his with a penurious unwilling Miâ—d And therefore the Author to the Hebrews tells us that Abel offering unto God 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a more plentiful Sacrifice he gave it with a Soul as vast aâ— the whole Universe he came to the Altar with a heart fir'd with Love to the divine Honour But Cain drew a black Picture of God in his own Mind aâ—d therefore he came with affections as â—ark as the Vaults of Hell a mean and knavish Soul who measur'd the Almigâ—ty by no other Standard than that of hiâ— own angry and troubled Mind God is the God of Love nay he is Love it self Let all our Sacrifices thereore be enflam'd with true Love this nakes the Incense burn on the Altar with a sweet smelling savour this unites â—s to that blessed Company above whosâ— very Life is made up of chearfulness hâ—rmony and alacrity of Spirit 3. â—f the Sacrifice be Acceptable it must â—e offered of such things as the Law allowed to be sacrific'd Hence that known distinction of things clean and unclean What we sacrifice unto God under the New Testament must be something within the Circle of his Commandment It is a wild fancy and Enthusiastick madness for men to think that for the glory of God we nay turn sanguinary Rebels and barbarous Murderers as if the glory of God could be advanc'd by violating his Laws and renversing the boundaries between Good and Evil. True Religion grows upon the Foundation of Reason and is so congenial to our Nature that the one cannot act regularly without the other Do not we think that the Almighty is infinitely Wise and powerful to act for his Church Why do these unreasonable Men officiously interpose by their unhallowed Sacrifices and strange Fire They pretend to serve God zeaously when they let loose those Passions the suppressing whereof is the most acceptable Sacrifice NOW I have sufficiently demonstrated what was intended by the â—ncient Sacrifices and what the Christia Sacrifices ought to be And that is no other than this which is recommended in the Text. The first Christians were derided because of the simplicity of their Religion and their Apologists unanimously declar'd that God respected no Man for any external Excellencies or Advantages it was the pure and holy Soul that he delighted in He stands not in need of Blood Smoak Perfumes or Incense the best Sacrifice is to offer up a Mind truly devoted to his fear and this is certainly our most reasonable service And this leads me to enquire IN the third and last Place into the Motive whereby he enforces his Exhortation and that is It is your reasonable Service It is the Rational Worship opposite to the foolish Pageantry of the Pagan Ceremonies and the cumbersom Yoke of the Jewish Law It is that rational Adoration of God that is founded upon the Eternal Rules of immutable Reason and not oâ— variable Constitutions This Sacrifice then may be call'd in the strictest sense the Rational Worship I. BECAUSE our Reason was given us for this very end that we might converse with God This is the End that God had in his view in our first Creation Let us make man in our Image There is nothing capable of conversing with God but that which hath some resemblances of himself Society is for Delight and therefore we cannot converse but with such as are like our selves In our first Creation God made us after his own Image that he might converse with us 2. THIS is Reason in its highest Elevation It cannot be rais'd higher than thus to sacrifice it self to God For here we converse with the most perfect Object and in the noblest manner and with the purest Delight True Reason is a Beam of the Divinity a Ray of that first Light that enlivens all things and the nearer it draws to the Center the more it is itself If Truth and Light and clear Perception be the Life of the Soul then no doubt the nearer we draw unto the Original Truth the more we are our selves the more we act according to Reason and the Primitive Excellency of our Souls THIS is the true Life of the Soul the nearer approaches that it makes to matter in all its Appetites the nearer it is to Death it self and therefore our present state when we wrestle with the Tentations that assault us from the lower World is but a state of Misery Anxiety and Darkness if we compare it with that state of pure and unmixt Light where our Souls are made free from these unwieldy Tabernacles Now they are confin'd in their operations to some few and dull Senses but when we are got above this little Globe of Earth we may reasonably presume that our Souls will then display new Powers and Faculties upon new Objects which could not be exerc'd in its state of Union to this corruptible Body and will feel themselves more at liberty and uncon-fin'd and loos'd from that manner of Operation that their Kindred to an earthly Body did oblige them to nay the Philosophy of Plato gave noble Ideas of the state of Separation but our Blessed Saviour alone hath brought life and immortality to light through the Gospel 'T is He that hath revealed by the Father unto us and taught us to approach him with that rational and manly Worship that became the true Sons of God and the Heirs of eternal Life The more therefore that we are purified from Sensuality and the nearer we draw to the Life of the Blessed Jesus and the accurate Rules of his Gospel the more dispos'd and the more ripe we are for the felicities of the World to come and the Life of the Spirits of just men made perfect 3. THIS Religious Reason is the Characteristick difference of our Nature So that Man is better defin'd by Religion than by Reason without Religion The inferiour Creatures have some dark Vestiges of Reason Sagacity and Conduct but no shadow of Religion then may not we venture to say that Reason separately considered without Religion will not make up the Essential difference of our Nature The Philosophick Orator informs us that there is no Nation so savage and unpolished but that they had their Religious Solemnities their Gods and their Sacrifices And tho Cesar tells us of some of the old Germans that they had neither Priests nor Sacrifices yet they worshipped the Moon and the Fire Thus Religion seems to be the hereditary Ingredient of our Nature we must shake off what is most intimate to our Souls unless we employ our Reason in the Worship of God 4. THIS is a Reasonable Service because there
no other Business or Employment can exhaust the strength and activity of our Spirits The Soul ranges thorow the Creation like the Bee that tasts every Flower but quickly goes off to another Thus our Spirits after their most diligent enquiries into all things that the World hath sit down meagre and discontented they feel something within them still thirsty and unsatisfied there is no fixed peace to our Spirits until we fix the eye of our Soul upon that Original Beauty and Light that dwells in Light inaccessible This is Employment proper for our Spirits here they rest as in their true Center and Element To God the Father Son and Holy Ghost be all Praise Honour and Glory for ever and ever Amen A SERMON Preached on Good-Friday ON JOHN xviii V. 11. Then said Jesus unto Peter Put up thy Sword into the sheath the Cup which my Father hath given me shall I not drink it I NEED not the help of a Preface to reconcile this Text to this Day it being a part of that Gospel which the Church appoints to be read on this Solemn Fast when the Vniversal Church puts on Mourning and beholds her Redeemer dying in the Arms of Love THE Verse that I have now read contains our Saviour's fixt resolution to act the last part himself with true Magnanimity so he stood like an impregnable Rock not only against the treachery tumult and rage of his Enemies but also the timorous and faint Counsels and insinuations of his dearest Companions I suppose the Church appointed the Gospel for this day to be taken out of St. John because he was an Eye-witness of the whole Tragedy from first to last THE beginning of this Verse is a Command to St. Peter to forbear these Methods and Weapons of humane Violence that his ill-plac'd but well meant zeal did suggest unto him The Kingdom Scepter and Laws of the Messias needed not those Weapons of Iron and Steel but they were to be advanc'd to their height by Patience by Humility by Sufferings and by the Cross And this Philosophy the Sophies of the World did despise THE latter part of the Verse to which I invite your Meditation more closely is our Saviour's resolution to go through his most formidable sufferings with a chearful and undaunted Spirit inflam'd with Love Fortitude and invincible Zeal Here we have not his sufferings divided in several parcels but a full view of them in gross and in their solemn Circumstances and all of them made bitter and terrible by the most exquisite aggravations THUS the Captain of our Salvation considered his Enemies drawn up against him in battel array He saw all the Powers of Hell combin'd and all their Malice skrew'd up to the highest Pin and this Malice vented against himself with all the marks of affront and indignity All the suffering Capacities of his human Nature were at once assaulted and the terrour of the Roman Power the sullen hypocrisie of the Pharisees and the Clamours of the Rabble were all in their united force muster'd against him Yet he stood like a Rock of Brass to receive their blows and he tells S. Peter with design to cool his fervour That the Son of God must suffer THE Cup which my Father giveth me c. It was usual amongst the Jews to express the happy or adverse Lot of a Mans Condition under the notion and phrase of a Cup. Psalm 11. v. 6. Vpon the wicked he shall rain snares fire and brimstone and an horrible tempest this shall be the portion of their Cup. Psalm 16. v. 5. The Lord is the portion of mine inheritance and of my Cup thou mantainest my lot The meaning then is this That Cup which is mixt by human Malice and filled with Gall and Vinegar is nevertheless ordered by my Father He superintends all things and not a hair of our head falls to the ground without his watchful providence This is a Cup indeed that hath in it all degrees of terrour and poison and such as may fright and daunt the courage of the whole Creation Yet I will drink it to the bottom for it is prepared by my Father nay I will drink it chearfully even when my flesh shrinks at it and by its innocent reluctances testifies its fear THUS we see what is folded up in those words but because our Eyes are not strong enough to view them all at once let us fix our attention on them in this Method 1. His bloody sufferings and more particularly the last Scene of them 2. Let us consider by whom this Cup was ordered and prepared It was the Cup that his Father gave him 3. With what courage and resolution he drank it 1. WE have his sufferings under the notion of a Cup especially the last and most Tragical Scene of them by the nature of his glorious Office and the determinate Counsel of God He was a Man of sorrow and acquainted with grief He endured the contradiction of sinners and the Cross was the very Character of his Kingdom Let us but view the preparations to this Tagedy and secondly the last act of it First I SAY the preparations towards it And here we may stop and go no further for we are not able to fathom the very beginnings of his sorrow they are too deep at the entry Behold and see if there be any sorrow like unto his sorrow He was plowed upon and they made long furrows upon his back Take but a view of him in his Agony in Gethsemany when the arrows of God stuck fast in his Soul when the warm and celestial influences of Heaven seem'd to be suspended when he was left alone to contend with the malice of Earth and the fury of Hell Who can conceive the weight of this pressure How astonishing is it in the very beginning of those Agonies to consider the very outward posture of his Body He went a little further and fell on his face and prayed saying O my Father If it be possible let this Cup pass from me nevertheless not as I will but as thou wilt AND must his face kiss the ground who supports the whole Creation Are his arms become feeble that is the strength of Men and Angels Shall fear and darkness take hold of Him that is the Light of the World Shall the Sun of Righteousness be thus eclips'd and the Fountain of Innocence and Purity thus grapple with misery and disaster What Consternation is this What Complication of Mysteries Yet we see but little when we view no more than the outward posture of his Body Dare we enter at a distance into his Soul Is that undefil'd Temple of the Divinity become the habitation of grief and fear Is Light it self become Darkness And are the original Notions of Things confounded Is the Wisdom of the Father put to this What shall I say Are all the Laws of the Creation broken at once and innocence it self made the only Theatre of Calamity WE are not