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A66685 The law of freedom in a platform: or, True magistracy restored Humbly presented to Oliver Cromwel, General of the Common-wealths army in England. And to all English-men my brethren whether in church-fellowship, or not in church-fellowship, both sorts walking as they conceive according to the order of the Gospel: and from them to all the nations in the world. Wherein is declared, what is kingly government, and what is Commonwealths government. By Jerrard Winstanley. Winstanley, Gerrard, b. 1609. 1652 (1652) Wing W3045A; ESTC R220031 79,685 104

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by his own industry and observation in tryal And because other Nations are of several languages therefore these speeches may be made sometimes in other Languages and sometimes in our Mother Tongue that so the men of our English Commonwealth may attain to all Knowledges Arts and Languages and that every one may be encouraged in his Industry and purchase the countenance and love of their neighborhood for their wisdom and experimental knowledge in the things which are And thus to speak or thus to read the Law of Nature or God as he hath written his name in every body is to speak a pure language and this is to speak the truth as Jesus Christ spake it giving to every thing it s own weight and measure By this means in time men shall attain to the practical knowledge of God truly That they may serve him in spirit and truth and this knowledge will not deceive a man I but saith the zealous but ignorant Professor This is a low and carnal ministry indeed this 〈◊〉 men to know nothing but the knowledge of the earth and the secrets of nature but we are to look after spiritual and beavenly things I answer To know the secrets of nature is to know the works of God And to know the works of God within the Creation is to know God himself for God dwels in every visible work or body And indeed if you would know spiritual things it is to know how the spirit or power of wisdom and life causing motion or growth dwels within and governs both the several bodies of the stars and planets in the heavens above and the several bodies of the earth below as grass plants fishes beasts birds and mankinde for to reach God beyond the Creation or to know what he will be to a man after the man is dead if any otherwise then to scatter him into his Essences of fire water earth and air of which he is compounded is a knowledge beyond the line or capacity of man to attain to while he lives in his compounded body And if a man should go to imagine what God is beyond the Creation or what he will be in a spiritual demonstration after a man is dead he doth as the proverb saith build castles in the air or tells us of a world beyond the Moon and beyond the Sun meerly to blinde the reason of man I le appeal to your self in this question what other knowledg have you of God but what you have within the circle of the Creation For if the Creation in all its dimentions be the fulness of him that fills all with himself and if you your self be part of this Creation where can you finde God but in that line or station wherein you stand God manifests himself in actual knowledge not in imagination he is still in motion either in bodies upon earth or in the bodies in the heavens or in both in the night and in the day in Winter in Summer in cold in heat in growth or not in growth But when a studying imagination comes into man which is the devil for it is the cause of all evil and sorrows in the world that is he who puts out the eyes of mans Knowledg and tells him he must beleeve what others have writ or spoke and must not trust to his own experience And when this bewitching fancy sits in the chair of Government there is nothing but saying and unsaying frowardness covetousness fears confused thoughts and unsatisfied doubtings all the days of that mans reign in the heart Or secondly Examine your self and look likewise into the ways of all Professors and you shall finde That the Enjoyment of the Earth below which you call a low and a carnal Knowledg is that which you and all professors as well as the men of the world as you call them strive and seek after Wherefore are you so covetous after the World in buying and selling counting your self a happy man if you be rich and a miserable man if you be poor And though you say Heaven after death is a place of glory where you shall enjoy God face to face yet you are loth to leave the Earth to go thither Do not your Ministers preach for to enjoy the Earth Do not professing Lawyers as well as others buy and sell the Conquerors Justice that they may enjoy the Earth Do not professing Soldiers fight for the Earth and seat themselves in that Land which is the Birth-Right of others as well as theirs shutting others out Do not all professors strive to get Earth that they may live in plenty by other mens labors Do you not make the Earth your very Rest Doth not the enjoying of the Earth please the spirit in you and then you say God is pleased with your ways and blesseth you If you want Earth and become poor do you not say God is angry with you and crosseth you Why do you heap up riches why do you eat and drink and wear clothes why do you take a woman and lie with her to beget children Are not all these carnal and low things of the Earth and do you not live in them and covet them as much as any nay more then many which you call men of the world And it being thus with you what other spiritual or heavenly things do you seek after more then others And what is in you more then in others If you say there is then surely you ought to let these earthly things alone to the men of the world as you call them whose portions these are and keep you within the compass of your own sphere that others seeing you live a life above the world in peace and freedom neither working your self nor deceiving nor compelling others to work for you they may be drawn to embrace the same spiritual life by your single-hearted conversation We 'l I have done here Let us now examin your Divinity Which you call heavenly and spiritual things for herein speeches are made not to advance knowledge but to destroy the true knowledge of God for Divinity does not speak the truth as it is hid in every body but it leaves the motional knowledge of a thing as it is And imagins studies or thinks what may be and so runs the hazzard true or false And this Divinity is always speaking words to deceive the simple that he may make them work for him and maintain him but he never comes to action himself to do as he would be done by for he is a monster who is all tongue and no hand This divining Doctrine which you call spiritual and heavenly things is the thief and the robber he comes to spoile the Vinyard of a mans peace and does not enter in at the door but he climbes up another way And this Doctrine is two fold First he takes upon him to tell you the meaning of other mens words and writing by his studying or imagining what another mans knowledge might be and by thus doing darkens
knowledge and wrongs the spirit of the Authors who did write and speak those things which he takes upon him to interpret Secondly he takes upon him to foretell what shall befall a man after he is dead and what that world is beyond the Sun and beyond the Moon c. And if any man tell him there is no reason for what you say he answers you must not judge of heavenly and spiritual things by reason but you must beleive what is told you whether it be reason or no There is a three-fold discovery of falsehood in this Doctrine For first it is a Doctrine of a sickly and weak spirit who hath lost his understanding in the knowledge of the Creation and of the temper of his own Heart and Nature and so runs into fancies either of joy or sorrow And if the passion of joy predominate then he fancies to himself a personal God personal Angels and a local place of glory which he saith he and all who beleives what he hath shall go to after they are dead And if sorrow predominate then he fancies to himself a personal Devil and a locall place of torment that he shall go to after he is dead and this he speaks with great confidence Or Secondly this is the Doctrine of a subtle running spirit to make an ungrounded wise man mad That he might be called the more excellent man 〈◊〉 knowledge for many times when a wise understanding heart is assaulted with this Doctrine of a God a Devil a Heaven and a Hell Salvation and Damnation after a man is dead his spirit being not strongly grounded in the knowledge of the Creation nor in the temper of his own heart He strives and stretches his brains to find out the depth of that doctrine and cannot attain to it for indeed it is not knowledge but imagination and so by poring and puzling himself in it loses that wisdom he had and becomes distracted and mad and if the passion of joy predominate then he is merty and sings and laughs and is ripe in the expressions of his words and will speak strange things but all by imagination But if the passion of sorrow predominate then he is heavy and sad crying out He is damned God hath forsaken him and he must go to Hell when he dys he cannot make his calling and election sure And in that distemper many times a man doth hang kil or drown himself so that this divining Doctrine which you call spiritual and heavenly things 〈◊〉 people always when they are weak sickly and under any distemper therefore it cannot be the Doctrine of Christ the Saviour For my own part my spirit hath waded deep to finde the bottom of this divining spiritual Doctrine and the more I searched the more I was at a loss and I never came to quiet rest and to know God in my spirit till I came to the knowledg of the things in this Book And let me tell you They who preach this divining Doctrine are the murtherers of many a poor heart who is bashful and simple and that cannot speak for himself but that keeps his thoughts to himself Or thirdly This Doctrine is made a cloke of policy by the subtil elder Brother to cheat his simple younger Brother of the Freedoms of the Earth For saith the elder Brother The Earth is mine and not yours Brother and you must not work upon it unless you will hire it of me and you must not take the fruits of it unless you will buy them of me by that which I pay you for your Labor for if you should do otherwise God will not love you and you shall not go to Heaven when you dye but the Devil will have you and you must be damned in Hell If the younger reply and say The Earth is my Birth-Right as well as yours and God who made us both is no Respecter of persons Therefore there is no Reason but I should enjoy the Freedoms of the Earth for my comfortable Livelyhood as well as you Brother I but saith the elder Brother You must not trust to your own Reason and Vnderstanding but you must 〈◊〉 what is written and what is told you and if you will not beleeve your Damnation will be the greater I cannot beleeve saith the younger Brother that our righteous Creator should be so partial in his Dispensations of the Earth seeing our bodies cannot live upon Earth without the use of the Earth The elder brother replies What will you be an Atheist and a factious man will you not believe God Yes saith the younger brother if I knew God said so I should believe for I desire to serve him Why saith the elder brother this is his Word and if you will not believe it you must be damned but if you will believe it you must go to Heaven Well the younger brother being weak in spirit and having not a grounded knowledg of the Creation nor of himself is terrified and le ts go his hold in the Earth and submits himself to be a slave to his brother for fear of damnation in Hell after death and in hopes to get Heaven thereby after he is dead and so his eyes are put out and his Reason is blinded So that this divining spiritual Doctrine is a cheat for while men are gazing up to Heaven imagining after a happiness or fearing a Hell after they are dead their eyes are put out that they see not what is their birth-rights and what is to be done by them here on Earth while they are living This is the filthy Dreamer and the Cloud without rain And indeed the subtle Clergy do know that if they can but charm the people by this their divining Doctrine to look after riches Heaven and Glory when they are dead that then they shall easily be the Inheritors of the Earth and have the deceived people to be their servants This divining Doctrine which you call spiritual and heavenly was not the Doctrine of Christ for his words were pure knowledg they were words of life for he said He spoke what he had seen with his Father for he had the knowledg of the Creation and spake as every thing was And this Divinity came in after Christ to darken his Knowledg and it is the language of the Mystery of Iniquity and Antichrist whereby the covetous ambitious and serpentine spirit cozens the plain-hearted of his portions in the Earth And Divinity cozens a plain heart two ways First If a man have an Estate according to the Kings Laws he is made by this charm to give it or bazle it away to the Priests or to religious uses in hopes to get Heaven when he is dead Or secondly A man by running to hear Divinity Sermons and dancing after his charming pipe neglects his labour and so runs into debt and then his 〈◊〉 professors will cast him into prison and starve him there and there Divinity will call him a hypocrite and wicked man and become a Devil to
onely but the Will of his People likewise and the Law of common Preservation Peace and Freedom was the righteous Law that governed both Adam and his houshould But yet observe That from the Father in a Family was the first rise of Magisterial Government because Children wanting experience of their own preservation therefore such as are experienced are to propound the Law of Government to them and therefore from Adam to this day the Law of common Preservation is the Rule and Foundation of true Magistracy and it is the work of all Magistrates to help the weak and the foolish There are two root from whence Laws do spring The first root you see is common Preservation when there is a principle in every one to seek the good of others as himself without respecting persons and this is the root of the tree Magistracy and the Law of Righteousness and Peace and all particular Laws found out by experience necessary to be practised for common Preservation are the boughs and branches of that Tree And because among the variety of Mankinde Ignorance may grow up therefore this Original Law is written in the heart of every man to be his guide or leader so that if an Officer be blinded by covetousness and pride and that ignorance rule in him yet an inferior man may tell him where he goes astray for common Preservation and Peace is the Foundation Rule of all Government and therefore if any will preach or practise Fundamental Truths or Doctrine here you may see where the Foundation thereof lies The second Root is Self preservation when particular Officers seek their own Preservation Ease Honor Riches and Freedom in the Earth and do respect persons that are in Power and Riches with them and regard not the Peace Freedom and Preservation of the weak and foolish among Brethren And this is the root of the Tree Tyranny and the Law of Unrighteousness and all particular Kingly Laws found out by covetous Policy to enslave one brother to another whereby bondage tears sorrows and poverty are brought upon many men are all but the boughs and branches of that Tree Tyranny and such Officers as these are fallen from true Magigistracy and are no Members thereof but the Members of Tyranny who is the Devil and Satan And indeed this Tyranny is the cause of all Wars and Troubles and of the removal of the Government of the Earth out of one hand into another so often as it is in all Nations For if Magistrates had a care to cherish the peace and liberties of the common people and see them set free from Oppression they might sit in the chair of Government and never be disturbed But when their sitting is altogether to advance their own interest and to forget the asslictions of Joseph or their brethren that are under bondage this is a so 〈◊〉 of their own downfall and oftentime proves the plague to the whole Land Therefore the work of all true Magistrates is to maintain the common Law which is the root of right Government and preservation and peace to every one and to cast out all self-ended principles and interests which is Tyranny and Oppression and which breaks common peace For 〈◊〉 the disorderly actings of Officers break the peace of the Commonwealth more then any men whatsoever All Officers in a true Magistracy of a Commonwealth are to be chosen Officers In the first Family which is the Foundation from whence all Families sprang there was the Father he is the first link of the chain Magistracy The necessity of the children that sprang from him doth say Father do thou teach us how to plant the Earth that we may live and we will obey By this choyce they make him not onely a Father but a Master and Ruler And out of this root springs up all Magistrates and Officers To see the Law executed and to preserve Peace in the Earth by seeing that right Government is observed For here take notice That though the children might not speak yet their weakness and simplicity did speak and chose their Father to be their Overseer So that he who is a true Commonwealths Officer is not to step into the place of Magistracy by policy or violent force as all Kings and Conquerors do and so become oppressing Tyrants by promoting their selfended Interests or Machiavilian Cheats that they may live in plenty and rule as 〈◊〉 over their Brethren But a 〈◊〉 Commonwealths Officer is to be a chosen one by them who are in 〈◊〉 and who judg him fit for that work And thus a Father in a Family is a Commonwealths Officer because the Necessity of the young children choose him by a joynt consent and not otherwise Secondly In a bigger Family called a Parish the body of the people are confused and disordered because some are wise some foolish some subtil and cunning to deceive others plain-hearted some strong some weak some rash angry some milde and quiet-spirited By reason whereof offences do arise among brethren and their common peace is broken Therefore as Necessity hath added a Law to limit mens manners because of Transgressiens one against another So likewise doth the necessity of common peace move the whole body of the Parish to choose two three or more within that circuit to be their Overseers to cause the unruly ones for whom onely the Law was added to be subject to the Law or Rule that so peace may be preserved among them in the planting of the Earth reaping the fruits and quiet enjoyment Thirdly In every County Shire or Land wherein the Families are encreased to a larger Commonwealth the necessity of the people moves them still to choose more Overseers and Officers to preserve common peace And when the people have chose all Officers to preserve a right Order in Government of Earth among them then doth the same necessity of common Peace move the people to say to their Overseers and Officers Do you see our Laws observed for our preservation and peace and we will assist and protect you And this word assist and protect 〈◊〉 The rising up of the people by force of Arms to defend their Laws and Officers against any Invasion Rebellion or Resistance 〈◊〉 to beat down the turbulency of any foolish or self-ended spirit that endevors to break their common Peace So that all true Officers are chosen Officers and when they act to satisfie the necessity of them who chose them then they are faithful and 〈◊〉 servants to that Commonwealth and then there is a rejoycing in the City But when Officers do take the possessions of the Earth into their own hands lifting themselves up thereby to be Lords over their Masters the people who chose them and will not suffer the people to plant the Earth and reap the fruits for their livelyhood unless they will hire the Land 〈◊〉 them or work for day-wages for them that they may live in ease and plenty and not work These Officers are sallen from true
torment him in that 〈◊〉 But surely Light is so broke out that it will cover the Earth so that the Divinity Charmers shall say The people will 〈◊〉 bear the voyce of our charming charm we never so wisely And all the Priests and Clergy and Preachers of these spiritual and heavenly things as they call them shall take up the lamentation which is their portion Alas alas that great City Babylon that mighty City Divinity which hath filled the whole Earth with her forcery and deceived all people so that the whole world wondered after this Beast how is it faln and how is her Judgment come upon her in one hour And further as you may read Rev. 18. 10. The Office of the Post-master In every Parish throughout the Commonwealth shall be chosen two men at the time when other Officers are chosen and these shall be called Postmasters And whereas there are four parts of the Land East West North South there shall be chosen in the chief City two men to receive in what the Post-master of the East Country brings in and two men to receive in what the Post-master of the West brings in and two for the North and so two for the South Now the work of the Country Post-master shall be this They shall every Moneth bring up or send by tydings from their respective Parishes to the chief City of what accidents or passages fall out which is either to the honor or dishonor hurt or profit of the Commonwealth and if nothing have faln out in that Moneth worth observation then they shall write down peace or good order in such a Parish And when these respective Post-masters have brought up their Bills or Certificates from all parts of the Land the Receivers of those Bills shall write down every thing in order from Parish to Parish in the nature of a Weekly Bill of Observation And those eight Receivers shall cause the Affairs of the four quarters of the Land to be printed in one Book with what speed may be and deliver to every Postmaster a Book that as they bring up the Affairs of one Parish in writing they may carry down in Print the Affairs of the whole Land The benefit lies here That if any part of the Land be visited with Plague Famine Invasion or Insurrection or any casualties the other parts of the Land may have speedy knowledg and send Relief And if any accident fall out through unreasonable action or careless neglect other parts of the Land may thereby be made watchful to prevent like danger Or if any through industry or ripeness of understanding have found out any secret in Nature or new invention in any Art or Trade or in the Tillage of the Earth or such like whereby the Commonwealth may more flourish in peace and plenty for which Vertues those persons received honor in the places where they dweit When other parts of the Land hear of it many thereby will be encouraged to employ their Reason and industry to do the like that so in time there will not be any Secret in Nature which now lies hid by reason of the iron age of 〈◊〉 oppressing Government but by some or other will be brought to light to the beauty of our Commonwealth The Rise of a Commonwealths Army After that the necessity of the People in a Parish in a County and in a Land hath moved the People to chuse Officers to preserve common peace the same necessity causeth the People to say to their Officers Do you see our Laws observed for our common preservation and we will assist and protect you This word assist and protect implies the rising of the people by force of Arms to defend their Laws and Officers who rule well against any Invasion Insurrection or Rebellion of selfish Officers or rude people yea to beat down the turbulency of any foolish spirit that shall arise to break our common Peace So that the same Law of Necessity of common Peace which moved the people to chuse Officers and to compose a Law for to be a Rule of Government The same Law of Necessity of Protection doth raise an Army so that an Army as well as other Officers in a Commonwealth spring from one and the same root viz. from the Necessity of common Preservation An Army is two-fold viz. A Ruling Army or a Fighting Army A ruling Army is called Magistracy in times of Peace keeping that Land and Government in Peace by Execution of the Laws which the fighting Army did purchase in the field by their Blood out of the hands of Oppression And here all Officers from the father in a family to the Parliament in a Land are but the Heads and Leaders of an Army and all people arising to protect and assist their Officers in defence of a right ordered Government are but the Body of an Army And this Magistracy is called the rejoycing of all Nations when the Foundation thereof are Laws of common Equity whereby every single man may enjoy the fruit of his labour in the free use of the Earth without being restrained or oppressed by the hands of others Secondly A fighting Army called Souldiers in the field when the necessity of preservation by reason of a forraign Invasion or inbred Oppression do move the people to arise in an Army to cut and teer to pieces either degenerated Officers or rude people who seek their own Interest and not common Freedom and through treachery do endeavor to destroy the Laws of common Freedom and to enssave both the Land and people of the Commonwealth to their particular wills and lusts And this War is called a Plague because that cursed enmity of Covetousness pride and vain glory and envy in the heart of Mankind did occasion the rise of it because he will not be under the moderate observation of any free and right Order unless he himself be King and Lord over other persons and their labours For now the people do arise to defend their faithful Officers against such Officers as are unfaithful and to defend their Laws and Common Peace The use or work of a fighting Army in a Commonwealth Is to beat down all that arise to endeavor to destroy the Liberties of the Commonwealth For as in the days of Monarchy an Army was used to subdue all who rebelled against Kingly Propriety so in the days of a free Commonwealth an Army is to be made use of to resist and destroy all who endeavor to keep up or bring in Kingly Bondage again The work of this fighting Army is twofold The first is to withstand the Invasion or coming in of a forraign Enemy whose Invasion is for no other end but to take away our Land and Earth from us to deny us the free use thereof to become Kings and Landlords over us and to make us their slaves As William the Conqueror when he had conquered England he gave not only the Land in parcels to his Souldiers but he gave all men their
from the Law excepting in the Court of Parliament shall be cashiered his Office and never bear Office more 3. No man shall administer the Law for Mony or Reward he that doth shal dye as a Traytor to the Commonwealth for when Mony must buy and sell Justice and bear all the sway there is nothing but Oppression to be expected 4. The Laws shall be read by the Minster to the people four times in the year viz. every quarter that every one may know whereunto they are to yeeld Obedience then none may dye for want of knowledg 5. No accusation shall be taken against any man unless it be proved by two or three witnesses or his own confession 6. No man shall suffer any punishment but for matter of fact or Reviling words but no man shall be troubled for his judgment or practise in the things of his God so he live quiet in the Land 7. The accuser and accused shall always appear face to face before any Officer that both sides may be heard and no wrong to either party 〈◊〉 8. If any Judg or Officer execute his own Will contrary to the Law or which there is no Law to warrant him in he shall be cashiered and never bear Office more 9. He who raises an accusation against any man and cannot prove it shall suffer the same punishment the other should if proved An Accusation is when one man complains of another to an Officer all other accusations the Law takes no notice of 10. He who strikes his Neighbor shall be struck himself by the Executioner blow for blow and shall lose eye for eye tooth for 〈◊〉 limb for limb life for life and the reason is that men may be tender of one anothers bodies doing as they would be done by 11. If any man strike an Officer he shall be made a servant under the Taskmaster for a whole year 12. He who endevo s to stir up contention among neighbors by tale-bearing or false reports shall the first time be reproved openly by the Overseers among all the people the second time shall be whiped the third time shall be a servant under the Taskmaster for three Months and if he continues he shall be a servant for ever and lose his Freedom in the Commonwealth 13. If any give reviling and provoking words whereby his neighbors spirit is burthened if complaint be made to the Overseers they shall admonish the offender privately to forbear if he continues to offend his neighbor the next time he shall be openly reproved and admonished before the Congregation when met together if he continue the third time he shall be whipt the fourth time if proof be made by witnesses he shall be a servant under the Taskmaster for twelve Months 14. He who will rule as a Lord over his brother unless he be an Officer commanding obedience to the Law he shall be admonished as aforesaid and receive like punishment if he continue Laws for the planting of the Earth c. 15. Every houshold shall keep all Instruments and Tools fit for the 〈◊〉 of the Earth either for planting reaping or threshing Some households which have many men in them shall keep Plows Carts Harrows and such like other housholds shall keep Spades Pick-axes Axes pruning hooks and such like according as every Family is furnished with men to work therewith And if any Master or Father of a Family be negligent herein the Overseer for that Circuit shall admonish him between them two if he continue negligent the Overseers shall reprove him before all the people and if he utterly refuse then the ordering of that Family shall be given to another and he shall be a servant under the taskmaster till he conform 16. Every family shall come into the field with sufficient assistance at seed time to plow dig and plant and at harvest time to reap the fruits of the Earth and 〈◊〉 them into the Store-houses as the Overseers order the work and the number of workmen And if any refuse to assist in this work The Overseers shall ask the reason and if it be sickness or any distemper that hinders them they are freed from such service if meer idleness keep them back they are to suffer punishment according to the Laws against 〈◊〉 Laws against Idleness 17. If any refuse to learn a trade or refuse to work in seed-time or harvest or refuse to be a Waiter in Store-houses and yet will feed and clothe himself with other mens labors The Overseers shall first admonish him privately if he continue idle he shall be reproved openly before all the people by the Overseers and shall be forbore with a moneth after this reproof If he still continues idle he shall then be whipt and be let go at liberty for a moneth longer if still he continue idle he shall be delivered into the task-masters hand who shall set him to work for twelve moneths or till he submit to right Order And the reason why every young man shall be trained up in some work or other is to prevent pride and contention it is for the health of their bodies it is a pleasure to the minde to be free in labors one with another and it provides plenty of food and all necessaries for the Common-wealth Laws for Store-houses 18. In every Town and City shall be appointed Store-houses for flax wool lether cloth and for all such commodities as come from beyond Seas and these shall be called general Store-houses from whence every particular family may fetch such commodities as they want either for their use in their house or for to work in their trades or to carry into the Country Store-houses 19. Every particular house and shop in a town or city shall be 〈◊〉 Store-house or shop as now they be and these shops shall either be furnished by the particular labor of that family according to the trade that family is of or by the labor of other lesser families of the same trade as all shops in every town are now furnished 20. The waiters in Store-houses shall deliver the goods under their charge without receiving any money as they shall receive in their goods without paying any money 21. If any waiter in a Store-house neglect his office upon a just complaint the Overseers shall acquaint the Judges Court therewith and from thence he shall receive his sentence to be discharged that house and office And to be appointed some other laboring work under the taskmaster and another shall have his place For he who may live in freedom and will not is to taste of servitude Laws for Overseers 22. The onely work of every Overseer is to see the Laws executed for the Law is the true magistracy of the Land 23. If any Overseer favour any in their idleness and neglect the execution of the Laws he shall be reproved the first time by the Judges Court the second time cashiered his Office and shall never bear office more but fall back into the rank of