beholds his undoubted Interest set forth to his hand and made plain before him which is no other then a well tempered and composed state of Affairs both Religious and Civil in all his Dominions by the abolishing of former differences and the reconciling of all reconcileable Parties and especially of those grand Parties which if made one do upon the matter carry the whole Nation And this His Majesties Wisdom hath already observed in that excellent Proclamation against vitious debauched and profane persons in these words That the Reconciliation and Union of hearts and affections can only with Gods blessing make us rejoyce in each other and keep our Enemies from rejoycing And this is the earnest expectation and hope of the Religious and well affected to publick Tranquility That the King our Supream Head and Governour whose gracious Disposition doth not suffer him to cleave to any divided part of his Subjects and to reject others that are alike Loyal will as a Common Father protect and cherish all those that are found capable and worthy and become our great Moderator by his Authority and Wisdom to lessen differencies and allay Animosities between dissenting brethren which already agree in the main Points of Religion What was it that brought home His Majesty with such impetuous affection impatience of delay even in those as well as others who must needs know that an abatement of their particular interest would follow What was it I say but a clear knowledge and foresight that all would run to rack and ruin unless the Publike State did settle speedily upon a national bottom which could not be any other then the ancient Royal Family Wherefore let our hearts reioyce that our Dread Soveraign proceeds to build his Designs not upon the interest of any one Party though numerous and powerfull but upon the common Tranquility and Security of the Nation So by the blessing of God he will continue a happy and mighty King over a happy and contented people who will esteem him their Wealth and Strength and Stability because they know that none but He under God can make them happy and that they can Center and Bottom on none but Him Section IV. Among the various dis-agreeing Parties within this Kingdom which seem to render it an indigested Masse of people two main ones appear above the rest of so large an interest that if by any means they might become no more twain but one they would take in and carry along the whole stream strength of the Nation And these two are the Episcopal and Presbyterian Parties each of them highly laying claim to the Protestant Religion And undoubtedly whilest these two remain divided the Kingdom of England and the Protestant Religion is divided against it self This dis-union is removed either by the Abolition of one Party or by the Coalition of both into one The former if supposed possible cannot be accomplished but by violent and perillous ways and means The latter is brought to pass by Accommodation or mutual yielding Moreover there is a third way imaginable Toleration indulged to the weaker side In which of these waies lies the true Interest of the King and Kingdom is the great Case of the time and the Subject of this Discourse which presumes not to informe his Majesty but in subordination unto his declared moderation and condescention endeavours by shewing things as they are to convince and perswade Interessed persons that the Pacification begun for this Interim may be intire and perfect and fully setled for perpetual unity The whole matter rests upon three main Enquiries I Qu. Whether in Justice or reason of State the Presbyterian Party should be Rejected and Depressed or Protected and Incouraged II Qu. Whether the Presbyterian Party may be Protected and Incouraged and the Episcopal not Deserted nor Dis-obliged III Q. Whether the Upholding of both Parties by a just and equal accommodation be not in it self more desirable and more agreeable to the State of England than the absolute Exalting of the one Party and the total Subversion of the other And here let none prejudge the matter by reason of the name Presbyterian which with some is rendred odious but let the Character hereafter given be heedfully observed Let none take offence at the name of Prelate or Prelatist which is not used for envy but for distinctions sake Moreover the reasons why the first Inquiry is propounded on the Presbyterians behalf are because Episcopacy now stands on the rising ground and seems to have no need of an Advocate Also the Presbyterians aim not at an ample splendid and potent State but at Liberty and Security in their lower Orbe and chiefly because they are by some mis-represented and by many mis-apprehended and pre-condemned as inconsistent with publick tranquility in Church or State Section V. As concerning their true Character the Notation of the name whereby they are called is both too shallow and too narrow for it The word Presbyterian hath not sufficient depth to go to the root of the matter nor breadth sufficient to comprehend this sort of men That Form of Ecclesiastical Government by Parochial and Classical Presbyteries Provincial and National Assemblies is remote enough from their main Cause and those firm bonds that make them eternally one in respect whereof many that approve a regulated Episcopacy will be found of their number For there is a vast difference between the ancient Episcopacy and the height of Prelacy or Hierarchy of the latter times This later only is the true opposite of Presbytery And so they may not abhor to be named in several respects both Presbyterian and Episcopal yet not Prelatical Some of them commend and I think most of them here in England allow in order to peace Episcopum Praesilem non Principem Wherefore as concerning their main and rooted principles they admire and magnifie the holy Scriptures and take them for the absolute perfect Rule of Faith and Life without the supplement of Ecclesiastical Tradition yet they deny not due respect and reverence to venerable Antiquity They assert the study and knowledge of the Scriptures to be the duty and priviledge of all Christians that according to their several capacities being skilfull in the word of Righteousness they may discern between good and evill and being filled with all goodness may be able to exhort and admonish one another Yet they acknowledge the necessity of a standing Gospel Ministery and receive the directive authority of the Church not with implicite Faith but the Judgement of discretion They hold the teaching of the Spirit necessary to the saving knowledge of Christ Yet they do not hold that the Spirit bringeth new Revelations but that he opens the eyes of the Understanding to discern what is of old revealed in the written Word They exalt divine Ordinances but debase humane Inventions in Gods Worship particularly Ceremonies properly Religious and of Instituted Mystical signification Yet they allow the natural expressions of Reverence and Devotion as
and pull down but not to build up They do not hang in the air bur build upon a firm ground they have setled principles consistent with the rules of stable policy Contrariwise Fanaticks truly and not abusively so called do build castles in the air and are fit instruments to disturb and destroy and root out but never to compose and plant and settle for which cause their Kingdom could never hold long in any time or place of the world Upon this ground Presbytery not sectarian Anarchy hath been assaulted with greatest violence by the more observing Prelatists against this they have raised their main batteries this appeared formidable for it is stable and uniform and like to hold if once setled in good earnest This party do not run so fast but they know where to stop they are a number of men so fixed and constant as none more and a Prince or State shall know where to find them They do not strain so high but they consider withal what the Kingdoms of the world will bear and are willing to bring things to the capacity of political Government They can have no pleasure in commotions and alterations for order and regular unity is their way and therefore stability of Government and publick tranquility is their interest It is most unreasonable to object that the late wilde postures extravagancies and incongruities in Government were the work of Presbytery or Presbyterians The Nation had never proof of Presbytery for it was never setled but rather decryed and exposed to prejudice by those that were in sway and that in the more early times of the late Wars The truth of this matter is cleared by a passage of our late Soveraign in a Letter to his Majesty that now is All the lesser Factions were at first officious Servants to Presbytery their great Master till time and Military Success discovering to each their particular advantages invited them to part stakes and leaving the joynt stock of uniform Religion pretended each to drive for their party the trade of profits and preferments to the breaking and undoing not only of the Church and State but of Presbytery it self Thus the joynt stock of uniform Religion was left and Presbytery neglected before the first War was ended Yea and those that stedsastly adhered to it were maligned and reviled by the exorbitant party for opposing their new models or agreements of the people Section XVII Neither can Sects or Schisms with any truth or justice be reckoned the Off-spring of Presbytery Consider the French Dutch Helvetian Churches how intire they keep themselves in Orthodox Vnity from the Gangreen of Sects and Schisms A wide Breach was once made in the Netherlands by Arminius and his Followers but after some years conflict it was healed by the Synod of Dort The Church of Scotland is inferiour to none in the unity of Doctrine and Church-Communion and their form of Ecclesiastical Policy and method of Discipline is very effectual to prevent the broaching of Errour King James in discourse with an English Bishop is reported to have rendred this account why so few Heresies and Errours of Doctrine are united and prosecuted to the publick disturbance of that Church Every Parish hath their Pastor ever present with them and watching over them and he with his Elders and Deacons hath a weekly meeting for censure of manners by which he perfectly knows his Flock and every abberation of them in doctrine practise and lest any heresie might seize upon the Pastor they have their Presbyters which meet together once also every week in the next chief Town or City and there they have their exercise of prophesying after which the Moderator asks the judgement of all the Pastors concerning the doctrine then delivered or of any other doubtful point then propounded and if the Presbytery be divided in their opinions the question is under an injoyned silence put over 〈◊〉 the next Synod which is held twice a 〈…〉 which the Pastors of that quarter or province do duly resort accompanied with their Elders and any question of doubt is either decided by that Assembly or with charge of silence reserved to a national Synod which they hold every year once whither come not the Pastors onely but the King himself or his Commissioners and some of all orders and degrees sufficiently authorized for determining of any controversie that shall arise among them Could the Bishops in former times procure a greater unity in the Church of England Whence therefore should this charge arise peradventure some Presbyterians have turned Sectaries Surely it would be taken for a weak arguing to say That Prelacy is the way to Popery because some Prelatists have turned Papists The truth is Sectarianism grew up in a Mystery of Iniquity and State policy and it was not well discerned till it became almost triumphant by Military successes But after that its growth and strength did manifestly appear Presbytery began to struggle with it and so continued until by the power of the Army it was inforced to sit down but never to comply Whereupon the tongues and pens of Sectaries were imployed against none more then the Presbyterians And I should be glad to hear of such bitter Invectives of the Papists against the Prelatists not that I rejoyce in the sin of the one or the suffering of the other but that the Protestant friends of Prelacy might more incline to their Protestant Presbyterian Brethren Surely the way to prevent the growth of the two utmost extreams is for the two middle parties to draw up and close together But however the world goes the Presbyterians shall ever keep as good a distance from the Sectaries or Fanaticks as the Prelatists shall from Papists And verily there is no greater bar against Fanaticism then the right Presbyterian principles as not to sever but joyn the written word and spirit for direction the spirit and use of Ordinances for Edification to erect a stated Church-Order and Discipline to allow to the Church a directive and to every Christian a discretive judgment to insist only upon Divine Scripture Warrant and to wave humane authority in matters of Religion For such is the temperament of these Maximes that they commend and require a distinct knowledge and illumination in the mind and in the affections lively motions and stirrings against Formality and blind Devotion and so do satisfie the minds of those who conceive that in true Religion there is spiritual light and life and power and also they shew the necessity of the written Word of constant publick Ordinances and private Exercises of Religion and of the direction and discipline of the Church all which do serve to settle the mind against dilusive impulses and wild fancies and raptures Section XVIII But of all the prejudices and scandals taken against this way there is none greater then this that it is represented as tyrannical and domineering and that those who live under it must like Issachar crouch under the burdens In
parts of instituted Worship If it be only an outward shape and dress left to humane prudence it is variable according to the difference of times Whosoever observes impartially shall find that Political Prudence was joyned with Christian Piety in composing the English Service Book In the beginning of Reformation the wisdom of the State so ordered that so great a change might be made with as little noise as was possible and with regard to what the Nation would bear Accordingly when a Rebellion was raised in Coruwal and Devonshire about the change of Religion King Edward to appease the matter told the people That it was no other then the old Service in the English Tongue Likewise when this form was revived by Queen Elizabeth one might conjecture that care was taken that no passage offensive even to the Papists might remain therein for we find an alteration in the Letany very material Whereas King Edwards books ran thus From all sedition and privy conspiracy from the tyranny of the Bishop of Rome and all his detestable enormities from all false Doctrine and Heresie These words From the tyranny of the Bishop of Rome and all his detestable enormities were left out in Queen Elizabeths time and ever since Whereupon the Papists throughout this Kingdom resorted to our Divine Service for the first ten years of that Queens Reign And this came to pass also by the Popes connivance who was not then in despaire of reducing England by fair means But sithence Papists have been Recusants Wherefore if forms be variable according to the difference of times and the present Liturgy was compiled with respect to the peace of former times and the reconciling of Papists to Protestants but is now become by change of times an occasion of dividing Protestants from each other without hope of regaining Papists Can Religion or Reason plead for the rigorous imposing of it especially without very much emendation upon godly peaceable Ministers and people that daie not use it throughout Doth the Life and Soul of Religion lye in the Common-Prayer Is it as ancient as Christianity yea or of equal extent with the Protestant Reformation Whence is it then that many will have no communion with those that do not use it or would cast out of the Church those that cannot use it throughout who nevertheless in all necessary parts of worship are conformable to Protestant Doctrine and practice Is that efficacy or excellency in it that the laying it aside would much impair and weaken Religion and darken its glory Let it be then examined whether it hath made the comers thereunto more perfect then others more knowing in Religion more pious and blameless in their conversation then those that frequent it not Let experience come forth and witness which if constant and universal is the best proof of the efficacy or imbecillity of any institution Suppose a Liturgy were framed of Confessions Petitions and Thanksgivings wholly collected out of Sacred Scripture both for matter and expressions would it be inferiour to that which is now in question Doubtless such a form would be a happy expedient to put an end to this controversie Section XXVI Canonical subscription lately imposed is a yoke of bondage to be considered by all those that have a true regard to such liberty in Religion as equity and necessity pleads for Blessed be God who hath put it into the Kings heart to extend compassion to a multitude of his faithful Subjects and to remove this yoke let not this or the like be laid on their necks any more The Canon requires a subscribing to the thirty nine Articles to the Common-Prayer Book to the book of ordering Bishops Priests and Deacons that all these contain in them nothing contrary to the Word of God This is unreasonable unprofitable and unnecessary It is unreasonable for were it just and reasonable it must suppose not only perfect verity throughout the whole without any mixture of error but also either a spirit of infallibility in the composers of those books or the like measure of judgment and perswasion in all Orthodox and pious Ministers concerning all particulars in so large a volume written by men subject to error That there is not perfect Verity without mixture or grounded suspition of error there is real evidence To assert a spirit of infallibility in the composers thereof is not consonant to Protestant principles To suppose the like measure of faith and judgement in all Orthodox godly Ministers concerning fallible writings is absurd and to rack men unto it is an imitation of that Tyrant that would stretch miserable creatures unto the length of that bed of torment upon which he laid them It is also unprofitable For these forced large subscriptions are known to be no sure hold-fast of the multitude drawn into them whereof many come hand over head meerly as to an injoyned form others more considerate do it in their own sence And indeed the best service which this Injunction doth is to lye as a bar to exclude the more deliberate sort or as a clog to oppress their consciences If to remedy this evil you allow men to use their own limitations and explanations the business it self is insignificant It to satisfie several parties you pen the Doctrines and Forms in ambiguous tearms the swaying part of the Church will draw them to their own peculiar sence and establish their own opinions to the crushing of dissenters as by the potency of some Prelates Arminianism was asserted for the Doctrine of the Church of England Lastly it is unnecessary for we suppose the benefits pretended by it are unity in Doctrine uniformity in Practice both which may be as well attained and far more kindely without this enforced Subscription if no Minister be suffered to preach or write any thing contrary to the established Doctrine Worship and Discipline nor ordinarily for the main to neglect the established Rule But what inconvenience if in things of lesser weight a latitude were allowed A little variety indulged in some particles is no impeachment of Uniformity but rather an establishment thereof with contentment and tranquility Contrariwise as the wringing of the Nose draws forth blood so over-straining and rigid injunctions distemper the mindes of men otherwise peaceable and stir up strife Section XXVII Moreover the publick state of these differences is such that the Prelatists may and ought to descend to the Presbyterians in the proposed moderate way but the Presbyterians cannot come up to the Prelatists in the height of their way For the Prelates condescention stands only in omission or forbearance of certain things which seem to them lawful and laudable but the subjection of the Presbyterians stands in subscribing and conforming to certain things which to them seem unlawful And common equity will soon pass its verdict that the condescention of the one is far more easie then the subjection of the other Bishop Davenant in his Determinations resolves in one question that a Protestant may
such an Harmony of Affections and consequently that the laying aside of all the points in controversie would not cause any defect in the State Ecclesiastical What then is the root of these mischiefs of Division Is it the perpetual hatred between the seed of the Woman and the seed of the Serpent or is it an uncharitable and froward spirit of opposition by reason of irritated animosity and deep suspition or jealousie or is it some temporary carnal Design It is first inquired Whether the root hereof be the perpetual hatred between the seed of the Woman and the seed of the Serpent Section XI Nothing is more certain from Scripture and experience then that a form of the true Religion may be with a kind of Zeal embraced and the power thereof hated and impugned by the same persons The Scribes and Pharisees were zealous exact in the outward forms of the law of Moses yet their hatred of the power of that Religion appeared by their obstinate rejecting and persecuting of Christ and those that believed on him Many do imbrace a form of the Christian Verity in the general Doctrines and in some plausible yet superficial practice Nevertheless they cannot abide the genuine and spiritual explication and close application of the same Verity leading to the life and power thereof Now if this were the true state of the difference that those of the one perswasion only did urge the necessity of the New Birth and of a holy and circumspect walking in all Christians and to that end seek the advancement of such a Ministry as with blessed Paul travels in birth till Christ be formed in the Hearers and such as is quick and powerful entring to the dividing of the soul and spirit and discovers the secret rottenness and destroys the self-confidence of the deceitful heart and drives the soul out of self to draw it to Christ such a Ministry as is assiduous and instant in the dispensation of the word by instruction reproof and comfort and in all other parts of the Pastoral duty that as much as in it lies it may present every man perfect in Christ And if those of the other perswasion account the urging of these things severe foolishness peevishness pride hypocrisie affected singularity and suppose the way to heaven common and easie and accordingly seek the advancement of such a Ministry that is more smooth and plausible then searching and faithful more slack and cold in the publick dispensation of the Word and in private admonition indulging the peoples corruptions and generally temporizing with their carnal spirit I say if the case were so between them I could proceed no further for in such a case to propose ways of Accommodation were to make proposals of Peace to Parties divided by an everlasting enmity but God forbid that the state of the difference should be so deplorable We trust that neither the one nor the other have so learned Christ as to exalt a form of Godliness and deny the power thereof And that it is not or ought not to be so and that it is on all hands disavowed with detestation we take it for a principle or ground-work whereon to bottom our whole design The King Declares That the Professions and desires of all those of either perswasion with whom he hath conferred are the same for the advancement of Piety and true Godliness Let the joynt pursuance of these professions and desires set both Parties agreed especially since His Majesty hath thus Declared in these gracious words Our purpose and resolution is and shall be to promote the power of Godliness to encourage the exercises of Religion both publick and private and to take care that the Lords Day may be applyed to holy Exercises without unnecessary divertisements and that insufficient negligent and scandalous Ministers may not be promoted in the Church Is an uncharitable and froward spirit of opposition by reason of irritated animosity and deep suspition and jealousie the root of these discords Section XII We fear indeed that too much tartness if not bitterness of spirit keeps the Breach open Differences of long continuance and setled prejudices do choak the exercise of Charity And the truth is formerly the current of occasions ran along to aggravate these differences and to exasperate these passions Let us now at length take hold of the right means to stop this current of contention Remove the occasions lay aside controverted matters whereof there will be no miss in the Church of God Let forms of Worship and Government be so cut out that they may not pinch and gall the consciences of either Party as it may be done by men of sober and charitable judgments without any impeachment of such order and decency as agrees with the simplicity and spiritual Glory of Gospel Administrations so after a while the froward humor that worketh on both sides would spend and lose it self Yea I am perswaded that some spirits now exulcerated through these distempers would not prove incurable or implacable After a little experience of such proper healing remedies both sides will finde themselves brethren that had mistaken one another and forsaken their common Interest Section XIII Most serious thoughts of heart have often led me to contemplate and lament the peculiar calamity of the Church of God in these Dominions that from time to time it hath been afflicted with the most unhappy kind of controversies for they come not neer the Foundation nevertheless they are very pernicious and destructive They consist not so much in speculation as practice and particularly their immediate influence is upon the Churches interest and inevitably makes a breach in Church-Unity For Ecclesiastical Offices and Church Priviledges and Communion of Worship both in former and latter times have been inclosed with such Forms and Rites and other needless rigors that the way thereunto was kept shut against many that had received with the heart that Common Faith which was once given to the Saints Hence proceeded despising and judging one another and deep censures alienations and separations which will undo any Society of whatsoever Profession The Papists notwithstanding their great boast of Unity are much more divided within themselves than any Protestants from each other for the rent goes thorow the main Foundation of their Faith With them the Head Corner-stone or rather the adequate Foundation is their Churches infallibility but where to place this pretended infallibility they can by no means agree for upon the matter one half of them place it in the Pope and the other in a general Council If you ask How then doth that vast Building hang together How doth that Babylonish Kingdom stand Surely they have the skill to make that great point of difference a matter of speculation more then of practice and they holdfast two main practical things which do hold both in one namely the Hierarchy under the Headship of the Pope of Rome and the Communion of the Mass. They are all one both