mistake and fearefully wrest the words bodily exercise Concerning the meaning whereof Interpreters do not readily agree But this I am sure of that of all the Interpreters which I have seene and I have purposely made some search not one doth understand them of those gestures of the body in Gods worship which we now treate of And it is manyfest that the bodily exercises whereof S. Paul speaketh are such as he setteth in opposition unto true godlines and yet such as wherein foolish people perverted by hypocrites and guided by idle conceits and no better then old wives fables do place Religion Abstinency from meate and from marriage v. 3. unto which we may adde long and frequent watchings pronouncing of long and many prayers lying on the cold ground wearing haire cloth and the like with such kind of disciplining of the body may profit something as they may be used Cor. 7. 26. For S. Paul deemeth those people happy in regard of the present necessity which were unmarried And he alloweth those which are married sometimes and upon some occasions to withdraw one from an other that they may the better dispose themselves to fasting and prayer Watching fasting and such other chastisings of the body are also of profitable use to tame the flesh and to bring it into subjection to the spirit and so to make the whole man the fitter for devotion But if men place true Godlinesse to consist in these very exercises and so conceive with themselves that whilest they performe them they are eo nomine for that alone very good people though otherwise they live in the custome and practise of foule and known sinnes then shall they finde that their bodily exercises do profit little that is nothing at all and that in vaine have they wearyed themselves therein And so if a man thinke that though he neglect the true duties of godlinesse he is yet a godly man because he is very exact in all the gestures of outward reverence in Gods worship I paralell that man with an other sect of hypocrites whose whole godlinesse consisteth in going to to some selected Church and in being present where a Sermon is though in the meane time they learne nothing and practice as little of any true godlinesse Both these sorts of men I acknowledge to be an hypocriticall and superstitious generation both a like And of them both I say that they have a forme of Godlines but deny the power thereof Though then bodily exercises profit not those who place their whole Religion and goodnesse in them as they are meer bodily actes Yet are they not unprofitable for Christian men who make the right use of them either to tame the body and to bring it into subjection by fasting sack cloth and ashes and the like or to make outward expression of inward devotion as by bending the knee bowing the body lifting up the hands and eyes and such like gestures in Gods worship As for the wordes of our blessed Saviour God is a spirit and must be worshipped in spirit and in Psâ— 95. 6. trutb I aske those men which alledge them against outward reverence what they will say to holy and devoute David when he saith O come let us worship and fall downe and kneele before the Lord our maker Doth not the spirit of God here require the gestures of bowing downe and kneeling to be used in Gods worship But for further satisfaction herein we will spend a few lines though one would thinke words needlesse in so cleare a case in the exposition of our Saviours wordes Wee therefore give our brethren to understand that the word Spirit in scripture hath divers sinifications as i. The regenerate man is called the Spirit Matth. 26. 41. The Spirit is willing the flesh is weak 2 The will or inclination 2 Cron. 36. 22. The Lord stirred up the Spirit of Cyrus 3 The courage of a man Josh 5. 1. There was no spirit in them any more because of the children of Israel 4 Vnderstanding and knowledge Dan. 5. 12. An excellent Spirit and understanding and knowlegde were found in Daniell 5 Doctrine or teaching 1 Joh. 4. 1. Beleeve not every Spirit but try the Spirits So then take the word Spirit in any of these significations and it will nothing hinder the use of corporall or bodily gestures in the worship of God For to worship God in Spirit is to worship him with a regenerate or new man which after God is created in righteousnesse and true holynesse Eph. 4. 24. It is no compassing of Gods Altar without hands washed in Innocency Ps 26. 6. no praying to God without pure handes lifted up 1 Tim. 8. No comming into the marriage feast without a wedding garment Mat. 22. So it is not for any to performe the holy act of worship to the holy God that is not regenerate and holy and will so worship in spirit and truth i. in true holinesse For God requireth such to worship him 2. God must be worshiped in Spirit i. with a willing ready and chearefull mind Deborah in her song Iudic. 5. 2. doth prayse God for the people that became so willing And 1 Pet. 5. 2. Gods flock must be fed not by constraint but willingly and so Gods worship must be performed in Spirit that is willingly 3. God must be worshiped in spirit i. Not faintly and droopingly but couragiously and zealously in the fervency of the spirit as Rom. 10 11. 5 God must be worshipped in spirit and in truth i. with understanding and knowledge rightly informed Lastly God must be worshiped in spirit and truth i. Guided by the holy spirit of God as all the sonnes of God are led by the spirit Rom. 8. 14. which leadeth unto all truth Joh. 16. 13. And this is home to the text in spirit and truth when in Gods worship we so make use of either body or soule as by Gods word and spirit wee are thereto directed Corporall actes may be done in the Spirit as our Saviours going up to the mount Mat. 4. was a Corporall act and yet it was done in the Spirit For he was led by the Spirit v. 1. And to this effect are the words of the Schoole-man cleare and full in in the place before alledged Adoratio Corporalis in Spiritu fit in quantum ex spirituali devotione procedit ad eam ordinatur i. Bodily worship is 2. 2. q 84. ar i done in the spirit in as much as it proceedeth from spirituall devotion and is made to serve thereunto When our brethren Pray or Preach do they not use a bodily member viz. the toung to expresse themselves withall The using of the tounge is a bodily exercise as well as the bowing of the knee And yet I hope they thinke that they do both Preach and Pray in the spirit Are not eating and drinking bodily actions And yet I trust wee do eate and drinke in the spirit when wee do it in the feare of God and
and dull And do wee not perceive plainely that when we betake our selves to our knees for prayer the Soule is humbled within us by this very gesture And when when wee lift up our hands and our eyes towards God wee feele an elevation of the Soule also towards the throne of grace There is an instance in the booke of Exod. which fully illustrateth this point For when Israel was in fight with Ameleck Moses Aaron and Hur went up Exo. 17. 10. 11. to the tope of the hill And it came to passe when Moses lift up his hand Israel prevailed And when he let downe his hand Amaleck prevailed Shall we thinke that there was a charme in this his holding up and letting downe of his hand Is it not manifest that Moses was heard at his prayers to God for his people and that as his handes were borne up his soule did beare up also in the greater measure of zeale and faith whereby his prayer became the more Lyr. powerfull per hoc ostendttur suae orationis efficacia i. by this is manifested the efficacie or force of his prayer Nec contra Amalechitas tantum vis armorum Orig. in num hom 13. quam Moysis valuit or atio Vt enim elevasset manus ad Deum vincibatur Amalech remissae vero dejectae vinci faciebant Israel i. The force of armes was not so powerfull against Ameleck as the prayer of Moses For as he lifted up his hands to God Ameleck went by the worst but if his hands setled or fell downe Israel tooke the foyle St. Aug. speaketh to the same effect And may we not conceive Ser. de tom 93. that Saint Paul meaneth the same thing when he will have menat their prayers to lift up pure hands A learned interpreter speaketh full home to this 1 Tim. 2. 8. purpose saying upon that text Voluit hoc symbolo significare vim orationis Elevatio enim manuum contentionem orationis remissio manuum remissionem orationis adumbrabat Elevans manus elevabat mentem Cornel. a lap intendebat in Deum Cum vero lassus remittebat manus remittebat orationem i. He would by this symbol set out the force of prayer For the lifting up of his hands did signifie the earnestnesse of his prayer and the setling of his hand the slaking of his devotion In lifting up his hand he rowsed up his spirit and dealt with God the more fervenly but when growen weary he let fall his hand then he cooled in his prayer As for my part Whensoever I see any man using outward reverence in the act of Gods worship I shall judge him to be the more devoute within by how much the more he doth outwardly expresse in reverened gestures Neither can I ever be perswaded that that man is inwardly affected with reverence towards God who doth not outwardly declare the same by the reverend behaviour of his â— a. 2 a. q. 94. body For as Aquinas alleadgeth out of S. Aug. Exterior cultus est confessio quaedam cultus interioris i. The outward worship is a certeine confession of the inward worship Wee cannot deny but that men may make a faire outward shew of holinesse and devotion when they are most foul within through hypocrisie and prophanesse as the Pharisies made long prayers whilest they intended to devoure widdowes houses But yet let me prevent or represse insolent censures with the words of St. Paul Who Râ—â— 14. 4. art thou that judgest another mans servant Thou dost with thine eyes see reverence in the outward behaviour Thou seest not what is within in the heart 1 Cor. 13. 7. But Christian charity beleeveth all things and hopeth all things and requireth that wee judge the best according to the outward appearance God only is the judge of the heart we are to judge according to what wee see and not according to what we see not Wee are taught to be devout and reverend both within and without And to performe worship to God not with the body alone nor with the Soule a-alone but with body and Soule both that so wee may not seperate those which God hath conjoyned No doubt but there is too often an outward shew of much devotion and reverence where there is none or very little within For impiety can dissemble Sathan can change himselfe into an Angell of light The woolfe can put on Sheepes cloathing But there can be no inward reverence or devotion in the heart which doth not shew it selfe outwardly except peradventure when some perplexing terrour may for a time make a Christian man discover humane frailety for true Religion loveth not to dissemble The Angell of light will not transforme himselfe into a Divell of darkenesse nor will the sheepe cloath it selfe with the skinne of a woolfe And the man which hath a devout and Religious heart will not seeme prophane but will declare his piety and probity outwardly by the holinesse of his workes in his conversation and by the reverendnesse of his behaviour in the worship of God The Schoole-men make a threefold act of adoration Pined in 3. q. 25. ar 2. whereof the first is in the understanding apprehending and conceiving the excellencie of the object or that which is to be worshiped The second in the will inclyning and disposing a man to honor that object And both these they call inward worship The third act is the expression of that inward apprehension and inclination by sensible signes as by word deede or gesture and this they call outward worship Ex duplici natura Compositi sumus intellectuali sensibili Duplicem adorationem deo offerimus Spirituale qua consistit in interiori mentis devotione corporalem 2. 2. q. 14. ar 2. in exteriore corporis humiliatione i. Wee consist of a two fold nature intellectuall and sensible Wee performe to God a two fold worship The one Spiritual consisting in the outward devotion of the minde and the other corporall in the outward humiliation of the body But here my brethen are ready to tell me that by these words of Aquinas what is done by the Object body is but a corporall worship and that the spirituall worship consisteth in inward devotion and then they urge the words of our Saviour saying Josh 4. 24. 1 Tim. 4. 8. God is a spirit and must be worshipped in spirit and trueth whereto they adde the words of St. Paul bodily excercise profiteth little It may be thought by these words first of Saint Ans Paul that bodily exercise doth profit some thing though but a little and we are not to neglect much more to abhorre that which may afford the least furtherance in the way of Godlynesse and in Gods worship But if my brethren tell me that I do much mistake the meaning of the word litle in this text I must tell them that they in thus applying it to our behaviour in the worship of God do much more
as St. Paul adviseth to 1 Cor. 10. 31. Gods glory Wee read in Rev. 4. v. 10. of foure and twenty Elders who fell downe on their faces worshipped him who liveth for ever Shall wee say that they woshiped not in Spirit and truth because they used a gesture of humilitie and reverence in falling downe upon their faces It is lamentable to behold men pretending sincerity and love of trueth thus perversly wringing Gods holy word and willfully shutting their eyes against so cleare light of so manifest a truth When the knee is bent the body bowed or the hand lifted up devoutly unto God these are indeede bodily exercises or actes done by the members of the body as outward expressions of inward devotion but no acts of Superstition CHAP. X. The severall gestures used by Gods Servants in his worship are all free from Superstition WEE have hitherto made scearch in and about the house of God or place of Christian assembly wee have carefully pryed into every nooke and corner thereof and observed the Servants of God performing worship unto God so as their inward devotions are declared and expressed by their outward gestures and demeanures God being so worshipped by their whole man body and Soule But in all this wee have found no Superstition But 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 all things decently and in good order Come we now and examin those outward demeanures gestures and expressions severally and perticularly And all that wee do in our Churches in their distinct formes and postures least yet under any of them some peece of superstition be paradventure concealed and here I must confesse some evill Surmisers have unjustly caused much suspition For our justification therefore and the manifesting of truth to Gods glory Come and see all that is done in our Churches Wee confesse our sinnes unto God Wee begge pardon at the hands of God Wee give God thanks for what wee have received Wee crave from God what wee stand in need of Wee remember the afflictions of all distressed people with our prayers for them all and our almes to the poorer sort We reade and heare read the holy Bible and godly expositions homilyes and sermons whereby the ignorant are instructed the unruly admonished the backward exhorted the hard-hearted terrefied the feeble encouraged the aflicted conscience comforted We administer the Sacraments of Baptisme and the Lords supper Is any of these any superstitious act Our scrupulous brethren allow all this But then thus they take exception In your very entrance into the Church you Object put off your hats and kneele downe and pray as if either God were not in other places or that wee might not pray but in the Church If we taught men that they ought not to pray Ans anywhere else but in a Church or place consecrated or that we did not use to pray in any other place then there were some cause to object thus against us But we are in our Churches from time to time called upon to pray continually and in all things to give thankes Is it not thus extant in our booke of common prayer It is very meete right and our bounden duty that we should at all times and in all places give thankes to thee O holy father Lord of heaven and earth Is there not in that booke speciall service to be used in privat houses at the bed side of sick people Is not the booke it selfe free and vendible by every Stationer not only for the publick worship in Churches but also for the use of every private man in his own house Be there not also plenty of other bookes in print of formes of prayers to be made unto God upon severall occasions at any time in any place by any man whose soule is possessed with so good devotion And therfore it is plaine that our devotion and discipline doth not therfore encline us to pray when we come within a Church as if we held that the only place where a man may pray but for that the Church is an house of prayer as we have already shewed this very place putteth a man in mind and calleth upon him there specially to pray in somuch that it is a place purposely set apart for that very end and purpose that whatsoever a man doth elsewhere yet here he should pray because this is the house of prayer We uncover our heads in the Church as in the presence Chamber on earth of the King of heaven and earth And when we pray we kneele because kneeling is the gesture of humility becomming a man who preferreth his petition to the God of heaven In the fourth Century a time abounding with prodigious haeresies arose one Eustachius who among others of his prophane opinions wherwith many became infected maintained that Churches Concil Gangr and meetings therein are to be despised Damascus and Saint Augustin mention this to have been the haeresie of the Messalini otherwise called Euchites and Enthusiastes who also had so meane an opinion of Baptisme and the Lords supper as that they held Dan. de haeres 8 Aug. Serm. contra Arrianos l. 4. C. 11. de ecliis c. 37. them altogether uneffectuall and unprofitable as Theodoret reporteth Turrecremata telleth us that the fratricellian haeritiques a most impure sect maintained among other things Eccelsiam non plus valere ad orandum quam porcorum stabulum i. That the Church avayleth a man for prayer no more then a swine-sty O my brethren conforme not yourselves to the abominable fancies of these filthie dreamers odious to God and in the judgment of the Church damned haeretiques To pray is no superstitius act To pray kneeling is no superstition To pray in a Church as we shewed cap. 4. is no superstition To use reverend gestures and behaviour of humility in the presence of God is no superstition To repute the Church to be Gods house is no superstition Therefore for a man entring into a Church to put off his hat and being come in to kneele downe and to pray to God are no superstition but pious acts of christian devotion You have so many severall gestures and postures Ob. sometimes sitting sometimes kneeling sometimes standing sometimes bowing Why may not men use what gestures they please so that the heart be right I have already shewed that a reverend heart can Ans not but produce reverend demeanure in Gods worship And yet further to answer this cavill I say It is not inough that our gestures be reverend and sober in the generall except also they be suteable and fit to expresse the present act whereto they are applyed And first for sitting If humane frailty specially in aged people could endure it sitting would not at all be used in the house of God specially during the holy businesse of Gods service But in consideration of the infirmity of flesh and blood Rest is sometimes requisite least too much weakenesse either diminish or disturb devotion Therefore the indulgence of the Church permitteth