marrying a wife from thence did soon set up his wifes Idolatry in the land and the worship of the true God was in a manner neglected and disregarded and the Prophets and servants of God that would not bow to Baal were persecuted see Ch. 19.10 yet there were never more Prophets sent to them than at this time we see Ch. 18.13 that Obadiah had hid an hundred of them in caves nor never more eminent ones than now And of all the Prophets that God raised up in the Kingdom of Israel we find not any of whom so strange things are recorded both for courage and miracles as there are of Elijah And therefore at the Transfiguration of Christ Mat. 17. Elijah as chief of the Prophets appeared together with Moses talking with Christ to signifie that both Moses and the Prophets had in their several seasons given testimony of him This Prophet Elijah was at this time sent to the Israelites a man of transcendent courage and zeal as being fitted for those corrupt times whence 't is said of the Baptist who in his Ministry was very zealous and fervent Luk. 1.17 that he should go before our Saviour in the spirit and power of Elias Ahab and Jezebel were very zealous to promote Idolatry and now God raises up a Prophet as zealous to oppose it and to defend Gods own worship Elijah seeing how things went in the Kingdom of Israel and being exceedingly moved with the horrible wickedness of Ahab and Jezabel and particularly perhaps with the contempt and scorn they cast upon Gods Prophets did it seems by the instinct of Gods Spirit pray that the Lord would shut up the heavens for some years and not suffer it to rain till he sought unto him for it that so the wrath of God against the iniquity of that time might be discovered and the precious account he makes of his Prophets might be manifested And being by the same Spirit of God assured that his prayer was heard he came to Ahab and threatned him beforehand that he might see it was of God with an approaching drought for three years and an half and a great famine that should ensue thereupon As the Lord God of Israel liveth saith he whom I continually serve and in whose presence I now stand and who is a witness of the truth of what I say there shall not be dew or rain these ensuing years but according to my words and as I have declared to thee from God And according as he threatned so it came to pass For during the space of three years and six months it rained not See Jam. 5.17 * See Luk. 4.25 Elias was a man subject to like passions as we are and he prayed earnestly that it might not rain and it rained not on the earth by the space of three years and six months The drought now beginning and Ahab seeing there was no rain for some time together as Elijah had threatned he was greatly enraged against him and being also stirred up as 't is probable by Jezabel his wife he sent presently out to take him that he might be revenged on him See Ch. 18.10 but the Lord foreseeing what would happen gave his Prophet warning of it and appointed him to withdraw and hide himself by the brook Cherith in Manasseh beyond Jordan that is in some solitary place or cave near the brook where he should be fed by Ravens with bread and flesh morning and evening and should drink of the brook Elijah did as the Lord commanded him and was accordingly fed by Ravens who being a very greedy and ravenous kind of bird so that they often neglect the feeding of their young ones to feed themselves it was the more miraculous that God should make them Caterers for Elijah and in such an orderly manner to bring him his provision morning and evening he directing them where they should have it possibly out of some rich mans pantry or storehouse Thus we see by what unlikely means God can provide for his servants when they are in their straits After some time possibly about six Months the brook quite dried up thus the Lord was pleased again to try the faith of his servant Elijah Then the Lord commands him to go to a widow of Sarepta in the Country of Sidon telling him that he would command her that is dispose her heart to entertain him Accordingly he went thither and when he came to the Gate of the City he found a widow-woman gathering sticks he desired her to fetch him a little water She going for it he desired her to bring him also a morsel of bread She knowing him by his habit to be a Prophet of the Lord she said to him As the Lord thy God liveth I have not a cake to give thee I have but an handful of meal in a barrel and a little oyl in a cruse and behold I am gathering two or three sticks that I may go and dress it for my self and my son that we may eat it and so die Hereby its manifest that the drought * There is not the least intimation of any want of rain that was in the land of Judah at this time and yet Elijah is sent to a stranger rather than to the widows of Israel or Judah such an one being very unlikely to relieve him especially the famine being there as well as in Israel but herein was shaddowed forth Gods further mercy intended to the Gentiles when the Jews should be rejected whence that of our Saviour Luk. 4.25 26. and famine was in the Country of Tyre and Sidon as well as among the Israelites and indeed it being sent among the Israelites for the Idolatry of Baal which Jezabel the daughter of the King of the Sidonians had brought in among them no marvel if the Sidonians were involv'd in the same judgment Elijah bids the woman not to fear but to do as she intended but only to make for him a little cake first for saith he thus saith the Lord God of Israel The barrel of meal which thou hast shall not wast nor the cruse of oyl fail until the day that the Lord sendeth rain on the earth The woman did as Elijah enjoined her and she and her house did eat thereof many days viz. for about three years neither the meal nor oyl failing but being miraculously supplied and renewed This recompence had this poor widow for entertaining the Lords Prophet she for giving unto him one meal hath many meals from him and by his procurement But great blessings are oftentimes mixed with some imbittering afflictions For some time after the Prophet had been with her the womans Son fell sick and died Upon this she comes to the Prophet and crys out What have I done to thee thou man of God wherein have I offended thee art thou come to bring my sins to remembrance †When God punisheth any for their sins whom for a while he did forbear he is said in the Scripture to remember
that 20 in all with Athaliah reigned in Judah and 19 in Israel 2 year Jehoram or Joram 12. Jehu 28. Jehoahaz 17. Joash 16. Jeroboam 41. Zachariah 6 Month. Shallum 1 Month. Menahem 10. Pekahiah 2. Pekah 20. Hoshea 9. AHAZIAH began to reign over Israel in the 17th year of Jehoshaphat King of Judah The 8th King that reigned in Israel was AHAZIAH and reigned two years He did evil in the sight of the Lord and walked in the way of his Father and of his Mother and in the way of Jeroboam who made Israel to sin and he served Baal and worshipped him and provoked the Lord God of Israel to anger according to all that his Father had done 1 King 22. from 51 to the end As he was walking in his Palace at Samaria some grate in the floor of the Chamber where he was whereby perhaps light was conveyed to the lower room did suddenly break and so he fell through and was dangerously bruised with the fall In this extremity he sends messengers to inquire of Baalzebub the god of Ekron whither he should recover or no This Idol was so famous that the Jews used to call the Prince of Devils Baalzebub Mat. 12.24 An Angel of the Lord sends Elijah to meet these Messengers and to say unto them Is it not because there is not a God in Israel that you go to inquire of Baalzebub the God of Ekron Therefore go back again to the King that sent you and tell him what I say unto you and further acquaint him that he shall not come down from that bed on which he is gone up to lye but shall surely die The Messengers perceiving Elijah to understand the secret message they were sent about and hearing him also so peremptorily to foretell the Kings death they knew he must be some Prophet though it seems they knew not his person And accordingly they went back to the King and told him faithfully what he had said The King askt them what manner of man he was they told him an hairy man and girt with a leathern girdle * John Baptist was thus attired to shew that he was that other Elijah that was to come compare Mat. 3.4 with Mal. 4.5 about his loins Then the King knew it was Elijah the Tishbite and being enraged at this hard message he resolved to have the life of him that sent it and possibly he was something also excited thereunto by his mother Jezebel who was as much incensed against Elijah as Herodias was against John Baptist Mat. 14.8 Whereupon he sent a Captain of fifty with his fifty men to apprehend him who he understood as it seems was at Mount Carmel The Captain coming to the place where he was call'd to him and as 't is like in a scornful deriding manner said Thou that art esteem'd a man of God and takest liberty to send what bold messages thou pleasest to the King know thou that by me the King commands thee to come down and to render thy self to me If thou wilt not I have here those with me that will fetch thee down with a vengeance Elijah answered If I be indeed a man of God as thou scornfully calledst me let fire come down from heaven and consume thee and thy fifty And immediately fire came from heaven and consumed them This judgment Elijah denounced out of an extraordinary zeal for the glory of God and by a special instinct of his Spirit And therefore when the Disciples of Christ out of a carnal desire of revenge would have imitated this act of Elijah they were reproved by our Saviour for it who told them they knew not what manner of spirit they were of that is they did not well consider from what frame of spirit that uncharitable motion came For those who are called to preach the Gospel are to shew all meekness and gentleness to men and to desire and endeavour to save them and not to destroy them Luk. 9.54 55. Ahaziah was nothing moved with this dreadful judgment that had befallen his Captain and his men but like a man that neither feared God nor regarded the lives of his subjects he sends another Captain of fifty and his men to take the Prophet This second Captain shews himself as impudent as the former and coming to Elijah said to him O man of God thus saith the King Come down quickly He not only commands him to come down but to do it speedily implying that he would not be delayed but would drag him down by force if he would not yield instantly Elijah gave him the same answer he had done the former Captain saying to him If I be a man of God let fire come down from heaven and consume thee and thy fifty which was done immediately And thus we see that like sins usually pull down like judgments One would have thought that Ahaziah should have been greatly terrified with two such dreadful judgments as these were but increase of judgments increases some mens hardness and obdurateness Therefore like a desperate man and as it were in defyance of God himself he sends a third Captain with his men to take Elijah but he being sensible of his extream danger and terrified with what had befallen the two Captains and their men that went before him He when he came to Elijah in a most humble posture fell on his knees before him and besought him saying O man of God I pray thee let my life and the lives of these fifty thy servants be precious in thy sight and do not suffer them as vile things to be cast away nor deal with us as thou didst with the former Captains and their men but be intreated to go along with us to the King An Angel from the Lord immediately spake to Elijah to go along with him and bids him not be afraid but to tell the King expresly what the Lord had said Elijah being assured of Gods protection readily goes and tells the King plainly from the Lord that he should die of that sickness It may seem strange that the King who was so enraged against the Prophet before that he sent no less than three Captains of fifty one after another to take him intending no doubt to kill him for delivering so sad a message to his servants concerning his death yet now when he has the Prophet in his hands and hears him utter the same terrible things against him to his face he should neither speak not do any thing against him So true is that of Solomon that the hearts of Kings are in the hands of God Prov. 16.1 And as Elijah prophesied so it came to pass for Ahaziah soon after died having reigned two years and Jehoram his Brother reigned in his stead 2 King 1. from v. 2. to the end JEHORAM or Joram 2 King The 9th King of Israel JEHORAM 8.16 second Son of Ahab succeeded his Brother Ahaziah in the latter end of the 18th year of Jehoshaphat and reigned twelve years He
of Idolatrous Worship For God foresaw that men would be very prone to be pleased with and to dote upon sensible Representations and averse from raising up their minds to Him as endued with pure intellectual and spiritual Perfections So that He expresly forbids making any Images or Similitudes in order to worship Him thereby * Neque tantum imagines faciebant multorum Deorum Cultores sed magico ritu existimabant spiritum quendam aetherium in eas deduci imagines Tertullianus libro de spectaculis Daemones ait operari in simulacris Minutius Foelix isti impuri spiritus sub statuis imaginibus consecratis delitescunt Et huc pertinet ni failor locus Zach. 10.2 Grotius in explicatione Decalogi And in this Prohibition we may conceive this positive Precept to be also implied and intended viz. that in our Devotions and Religious Services which we perform to God we should raise our minds above gross sense and phantasie and should labour for high and worthy Conceptions of God and should apprehend Him incomparably superiour to all things which we do see and know and we should direct our minds to him as to a Being transcendently perfect in Wisdom Holiness Goodness Justice and Power and should as our Saviour Commands Worship him in spirit and truth Joh. 4.24 and perform such Worship to him as is agreeable to his spiritual Nature and is commanded by Himself And the Lord was pleased to add this reason to this Prohibition For I the Lord thy God am a jealous (u) There is great danger in Idolatrous Worship lest the heart of the Creature be thereby drawn away from God Therefore the breach of this Commandment is called Scortatio Persidia Violatio foederis conjugalis God is angry for the breach of any Commandment but he is jealous lest his Worship be corrupted and his Glory given to Creatures God that is a God very tender of my Honour and of my Right impatient of any Competitor or Sharer with Me in the Duties and Services which properly and incommunicably are due unto Me. I am the Lord saith God by the Prophet Isaiah that is my Name and my Glory I will not give to another nor my Praise to graven Images Isa 42.8 This jealousie doth imply not only a great dislike but a fierce displeasure against the Infringers of this Law Visiting the Iniquity of the Fathers upon the Children unto the third and fourth Generation of them that hate (x) Populus Dei sponsa vocatur foedus conjugium Idololatria scortatio Quemadmodum amoris signum est fidelitas conjugalis sic fidei violatio odii testimonium est Riv. Deum odisse in sacris literis peculiariter imo unicè ait Maimonides illi dicuntur qui falsos deos colunt me God hereby intimates that he shall look upon those that transgress this Law and commit this kind of Idolatry here forbidden as Enemies and haters (x) Populus Dei sponsa vocatur foedus conjugium Idololatria scortatio Quemadmodum amoris signum est fidelitas conjugalis sic fidei violatio odii testimonium est Riv. Deum odisse in sacris literis peculiariter imo unicè ait Maimonides illi dicuntur qui falsos deos colunt of him because their actions signifie a disposition of mind in them repugnant to his Mind and Will When a man loveth God less than his Idol that may well be esteemed hatred of God 2ly He declares That He will not only punish these persons themselves who commit this Idolatry whereby He is so much wronged and dishonoured but to deter men the more from it He declares That it shall go ill with their Posterity for their sakes Their Children to the third and fourth Generation shall be more strictly and severely dealt with and upon this score shall receive less of Favour and Mercy from him than otherwise they might have received Not that God will arbitrarily inflict undeserved Punishments upon the Children of bad men for the Faults of their Ancestors He disclaims such kind of dealing Ezek. 18.20 Deut. 24.16 Jer. 31.30 The Son shall not bear the Iniquity of the Father the Soul that sinneth it shall die Every one shall die for his own Iniquity Every man that eateth sowre Grapes his own teeth shall be set on edge c. But notwithstanding God may justly for the Sin of the Parents withhold his free Favours from their Children which else according to the general course of his goodness they might have been capable of As particularly He may withhold that measure of Grace from them that might have effectually retained them from Sin and consequently have prevented their Guilt and so their Punishment But if such Children do fall into personal sins God may without Impeachment of his Justice and Goodness severely visit them and sharply punish them for them and that not only upon their own but their Fathers account also And therefore the Lord is pleased to add this Commination the more to deter and restrain men from committing this sin of Idolatry it being like to bring damage to their Children and Posterity (y) Examples of which proceeding do in the Divine History often occur As in Solomon in Rehoboham in Baasha in Ahab in Jehu of whom Parents of all things use to have the tenderest regard and are afraid to be the causes of their Ruine and Calamity Shewing mercy unto Thousands of them love me and keep my Commandments And as God deters from violation of this Precept by threatening a long train of Punishments to the Transgressors of it so he encourageth to yield Obedience to it by a Declaration of his intention not only graciously to Reward the obedient Persons themselves but their Posterity also unto a thousand Descents God will shew mercy and deal more favourably with the Children of good Parents for a long tract of time for their Father's sake And though God will punish the offending Children of good Parents yet their Misdeeds shall not interrupt his kindness towards the rest of their Posterity or quite abolish the remembrance of their Fathers (z) So we may see that God dealt with Abraham and the Patriarchs passing by in memory of their faithful Obedience to him the manifold Provocations of their Cildren goodness And here we may take notice how the expressions of God's Mercy do exceed those of his Justice He will visit the Iniquities of disobedient Fathers unto the third or fourth Generation but He will shew Mercy to a thousand Generations of them that love and obey Him And further we may observe That loving God and keeping his Commandments are conjoyned as terms equivalent They are indeed inseparably connected Love being a certain cause of Obedience and Obedience an infallible sign of Love See Joh. 14.21 III. Commandment Thou shalt not take the Name of the Lord thy God in vain for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that takes his Name in vain HEre is first a Precept 2. A Reason deterring
first fitted for that glorious state and there shall live with God in everlasting bliss and glory Elisha seeing his Master thus ascend to heaven he cried out My father my father the Chariot of Israel and the Horsemen thereof so he stiles him in allusion to the present manner of his triumphant ascending in a fiery chariot into heaven as also in allusion to his former course of life who by his prayers and other good endeavours to bring men unto God had been a better defence to Israel than visible Chariots and Horsemen could possibly be Elijah thus vanishing out of his sight Elisha took hold of his own clothes and rent them in testimony of his great grief for the loss of his Master Elijah's mantle as he went up to heaven fell from him which Elisha readily took up and as 't is probable afterwards wore it as a token that God had design'd him to succeed in his place * Elisha began to be a famous Prophet in the second year of Jehoram and continued so about sixty years and died in the days of Joash Grandson of Jehu Elisha having now seen this glorious translation of Elijah he returned to Jordan and with Elijah's mantle in his hand standing on the bank of the river he said Where is the Spirit of the Lord God of Elijah O that the Lord would now please to work by me as he did by him So that his words are not to be lookt upon as words of distrust but as words of invocation As if he should have said O Lord who by thy servant Elijah didst divide these waters make it now manifest by inabling me to work the same miracle that thou hast given me the spirit of Elijah my Master Then smiting the waters with Elijah's mantle the waters immediately parted asunder and so he went over and this was the first miracle that he wrought When the fifty Prophets before mentioned who were come come out to see Elijah's assumption and dwelt at Jericho saw him come through Jordan they said the spirit of Elijah doth rest on Elisha that is such gifts of the Spirit as were bestowed on Elijah are now conferred on Elisha for like miracles argue a like spirit Then they went to meet him and bowing themselves to the ground before him congratulated the gift the Lord had bestowed on him It had been revealed to them as we shewed before that Elijah should be carried up to Heaven but whither he should be so taken up as there to remain for ever or only for a certain time that it seems they knew not wherefore they had a mind to go and see whither they could not find him set down some where or other on the earth again accordingly they said to Elisha Behold there are with us thy servants no less than fifty strong men fit to undertake a journey let us go we pray thee and seek thy Master for possibly he is not taken away from thee for ever but for a certain time only possibly the Spirit * What was done by the supernatural power and working of God they us'd to say was done by the Spirit of God of God hath carried him to some remote place as he used sometimes to be carried see 1 King 18.12 †The like we read concerning Philip when he had baptiz'd the Ethiopian Eunuch Act. 8.39 and hath set him down upon some mountain or some valley and there we may find him He tells them that he knew that Elijah was carried up both in soul and body to heaven and was there to remain for ever and it would be in vain to seek him on the earth any more But they urged him still to let them go insomuch that he was ashamed they should be so importunate without any reason however seeing they were so bent upon it he let them go that they might by their own experience see their error and folly and might be the more fully assured of Elijah's ascent into heaven ever after They accordingly went out and sought Elijah very diligently three days Elisha tarrying at Jericho till their return but they found him not and so through their error and mistake the ascension of Elijah to heaven was the more confirmed as was our Saviours Resurrection by Thomas's doubting The men of Jericho now possibly to try whither Elisha had indeed the Spirit of Elijah told him the situation of their City was pleasant as he knew very well but the water was naught and the ground about it barren The sins of the inhabitants and perhaps the presumptuous reedifying of Jericho by Hiel the Bethelite in the days of Ahab 1 King 26.34 had brought this curse upon the place Elisha being willing to exercise the power of that Spirit the Lord had given him bad them bring him a new cruse and putting salt therein he went to the spring-head and cast salt thereinto being directed by God to use that means and he said thus saith the Lord I have healed these waters there shall not be henceforth any deadly or poysonous quality in them neither shall the land here about be barren Accordingly the waters were healed and made good and so continued even to the time that this History was written And this was Elisha's second miracle Then from Jericho he went to Bethel to visit the Colledg of the Prophets there and to confirm them in the truth by his counsel and exhortations As he was going up to the City some young children that were as 't is like the children of Idolaters or other wicked men that lived there who it seems had by their example taught their children to scoff at the Lords Prophets and to laugh at the report spread abroad of Elijah's being carried up to Heaven cried after Elisha and said Go up thou bald-head Go up thou bald-head as if they should have said You that report your Master is gone up to heaven why do not you follow him and go up after him Elisha turn'd and lookt upon them and by a special instinct and commission from God He cursed them in the name of the Lord who now intended to punish the wickedness of the Parents in the death of their ill nurtured children and to shew how severely he would revenge the reproaching of his servants the Prophets and immediately there came forth two she-bears out of the wood that was hard by and tore two and forty of them to pieces And this was Elisha's third miracle Then he went into the City 'T is strange he durst go into Bethel after he had brought such a death upon so many of their children But he went under Gods protection who he knew was able to defend him as he had done his Master against the fury of Ahaziah And accordingly neither the Parents of these children thus destroyed nor any other Idolatrous persons in that City durst set upon him God so over-awed their spirits From Bethel he went to mount Carmel whither Elijah often resorted having as 't is probable an