three Drams Oil of Juniper-berries a Dram Oil of Spike half a Dram. Mix and anoint the Part. Or Take of human Fat two Ounces Oil of Earthworms an Ounce Rock Oil three Drams Oil of Amber a Dram and a half Mix and use as above Take a bowell'd Goose and fill it with the Leaves of Sage Rosemary Spike and Avens to which add of the fat of a wild Cat an Ounce and a half Frankincense Mastic and Amber of each half an Ounce Castor and Euphoâ—bium of each two Drams Sow 'em in and rost the Goose on a Spit reserving the Fat that drops from it â—s an admirable Liniment for Paralytic Parts Or Take a bowell'd Gander and wash it well with Wine then stuff its Belly with Frankincense Myrrh Mastic of each two Ounces Ointment call'd Martialum six Ounces Rost it on a Spit throw away the watry Phlegm that drops from it and take of the Fat well separated an Ounce and Pouder of Earthworms two Ounces Mix and distil thro a Retort an incomparable Oil for anointing paralytic Members These external Remedies are apply'd to the paralytic Members when the Ligaments and Tendons are faulty but if the source of the Distemper be lodg'd in the Nerve then we apply 'em to the Back or Neck or crown of the Head according to the Progress of the Nerve CHAP. IV. Of the Deficiency of Rational Operations THE Intellect or Rational Faculty being immaterial cannot be vitiated of it self by any morbific Cause but for so much as 't is conversant about the Objects of our internal Senses it makes use of their Ministry and if they are out of order shares of the common Calamity The internal Senses are the Imagination and Memory which depend upon the regular Motion of the Animal Spirits in the Brain and run into disorder upon their Enormities as appears a posteriori by ridiculous Gestures Words and Actions Thus whatever impairs the right use of Reason must immediatly affect the Imagination and Memory Our rational Faculty is injur'd either by being diminish'd or abolish'd as by Stupidity and Folly or by being perverted as in Deliriums c. ART I. Of the defect of Memory and Stupidity OUR Reason is impair'd or extinguish'd by the deficiency of Memory which is an Endowment common to us with Beasts and is generally affected by the Disorders of the Head The remote Causes that prejudice the Memory may be reduc'd to three Classes 1. Whatever alters the regular form of the Brain its Pores and Passages as Falls Bruises Wounds or any preternatural form of the Head 2. Whatever corrupts the Blood and Animal Spirits as immoderat Drinking unseasonable Fasting stopping of any wonted Evacuation of Blood excessive Bleeding c. 3. Whatever exhausts disperses or stupifies the Spirits as an indiscreet use of Opium Poyson Love-Potions excessive Venery sudden Fear Care and Watchings and excess and multiplicity of Studies sleepy Diseases Epilepsies Apoplexies Madness acute Feavers the Plague and old Age. A natural want of Memory being incurable dos not fall within the compass of our present inquiry If it be preternaturally occasion'd we ought to consider the Circumstances and past life of the Patient If the Person be old drousy and inclin'd to sleep much and voids a great deal of Phlegm by the Mouth and Nostrils but retains a vigorous Judgment we will find that in his Youth he was not given to study or perplex'd with Business and Care and that the loss of Memory proceeds from an inundation of Lymph in the Brain Old Persons whose Youth was imploy'd in much study and thought have generally a dry habit of Body void but little by the Mouth or Nose sleep not much and are easily wakened and their want of Memory proceeds from the dryness of the Brain and agility of the Spirits If young Persons are seiz'd with a loss or deficiency of Memory whose Apprehension and Genius was and continues lively it argues a dryness occasion'd in the Brain by the nimble Revolutions of the Spirits and generally such Persons are in danger of losing both Judgment and Memory when they grow old And those whose Memory and Judgment are very fresh and keen in their Youth are apt to run the same risque If a Youth have a weak Memory and withal a drousy inactive Temper 't is owing to the Humidity of the Brain and Deficiency of Animal Spirits The sudden loss of Memory without any visible Cause is a Forerunner of an Apoplexy Palsy or Epilepsy If it surprise one already enfeebled and weak 't is a sign of Death If it arise from the moisture of the Brain 't is easier cur'd than when it flows from an excessive dryness If it be caus'd by Poison Love-potions inveterat Diseases of the Head malignant and acute Feavers 't is almost incurable As for the Cure The remote Causes must be specially accounted for If it proceed from a dryness of the Brain aromatic and spirituous Medicines are very noxious nor are there any Medicines so effectual as moist and juicy Food Milk Chocolate c. If it arise from the Moisture of the Brain attended by a stupidity and drousiness of the Spirits Purgatives are first proper then Aromatics sneezing Pouders and Medicines to be chew'd The aromatic Medicines are Rosemary Baum Stechas Spike and all the Spices Three Cubebs taken in the Morning with a fasting stomac corroborat the Memory wonderfully Cardamoms are very good but more proper for old than young Persons Frankincense and Amber are likewise very useful But above all Ambergrease is the most powerful Medicine 'T is given in Pouder with Sugar or by way of Essence or Tincture prepar'd with Spirit of Roses or black Cherries It ought to be given in a small Dose by reason of a Stupidity that sometimes follows it Where the Brain is dry or the Patient young and of a hot Constitution 't is not proper But for old People 't is incomparable if discreetly us'd Besides 't is an incentive to Venery which is a mortal Enemy to the Memory Laurembergius recommends the four following Compositions for corroborating the Memory which are chiefly to be us'd when the Brain is moist and the Spirits drousy Take of juicy Tobacco-leaves two handfuls Roots of Pellitory of Spain three Drams Ginger a Dram. With Hony reduce 'em to the consistence of a Pultice and make little round Balls to be chew'd or roll'd to and again in the Mouth Take of the Herbs Baum Marjoram Sage and Rosemary Bay-leaves of each a handful Flowers of Lavender Lilly Convally Lime-tree and French Lavender of each a little handful Boil them in Spanish or Rhenish Wine and wash the Head with the Decoction every fourth fifth or sixth day Take a convenient quantity of Spanish Wine in which macerat for fourteen or fifteen days the following Ingredients Take of the Herbs Basil Marjoram Sage Baum and Penny-Royal of each half a handful Flowers of Borrage of Sage and Primroses Flowers of Rosemary of French Lavender and of Lilly Convally
either design'd for preservation from imminent danger or removing the present Illness Distill'd Vinegar Camphyr and alexipharmacal Ingredients are proper Preservatives As for the proper Cure of Malignant Feavers 't is perform'd by expelling the poysonous ferment and fortifying the Spirits and Humours in order to promote the expulsion To this purpose Sulphur absorbent Antimonial Powders Camphyr Vinegar and Acid Juices precipitating Powders such as the friable parts of Animals mix'd with alexipharmacal Ingredients such as Zedoary Ivy-Berries Juniper and Bay-berries Myrrh Angelica Gentian and Saffron with Opium and Sudorifics are very proper But in order to a regular use of 'em let us mind the following Cautions 1. Vomits especially the Infusion of Vitrum Antimonii are of admirable efficacy in the very beginning of Malignant Feavers especially when they 're attended by Anxieties in the Breast or proceed from an internal corruption of the Humors But the Season of exhibiting them must be nicely weigh'd for if Nature be already endeavouring any other evacuation especially through the Skin they are out of season 2. Sudorifics are justly look'd upon as the basis of the Cure but they ought to be proportion'd to the malignity of the Disease and strength of the Patient If the Malignity be of a moderat Character 't is advisable to begin with absorbents at first Indeed a violent malignity requires powerful Sudorifics but care must be taken that the Patient be not stifl'd with weight of Cloaths And those of the sweating Tribe that are Aromatic and Oily are only proper in the beginning or during the increase Towards the height or when the Heat is violent 't is not amiss to exchange 'em with fix'd Powders or at least to qualifie 'em with Acids such as the Spirits of Nitre the vegetable Acid Juices c. Camphyr is a Sudorific never to be omitted unless it be prohibited by a peculiar Antipathy as in some Women and studious Men. 3. During the time of sweating or immediatly after it let Acid mixtures of the Juice of Citrons and especially Spirit of Nitre c. be exhibited They retrieve the exhausted Spirits and procure a due consistence to the dissolv'd Blood and ought always to be imploy'd for a Vehicle to Venice Treacle and such like hot Compositions 4. Opiats are of admirable use for promoting Sweat which is frequently hinder'd by anxiety and unquietness Let 'em be mix'd both with Sudorifics and with the Acid mixtures exhibited after sweating but their proper Season is during the Increase for towards the Crisis they ought to be avoided 5. The Cure of malignant Feavers varies according to their respective Causes If they proceed from external Contagion fierce Sudorifics are requir'd If from the internal corruption of the Humours they ought to be more temperat and rather absorbent If the Animal Spirits are the principal seat of the Malignity subtil volatil penetrating Ingredients mix'd with Narcotics are proper If the Blood claim that Character they ought to be temper'd with Acid Vehicles The malignity of the Blood is for the most part attended by eruptions of Humours at one part or other that of the Spirits by Deliriums Watchings Convulsions c. and a tolerable Pulse 6. Malignant Feavers are frequently complicated continual Burning ones in which case regard must be had to the boiling heat of the Blood by insisting most on moder at Acids and fix'd absorbents especially those of Antimony and qualifying the volatil oily Specifics 7. The above mention'd Symptoms relating to the Tongue Hands and Tendons ought always to be inquir'd after as also the condition of the Eyes for if they are rutilant and fiery or fierce they threaten Deliriums 8 There is nothing more fatal than a Looseness and all Artificial Purgations are pernicious especially if the Disease came by Contagion or if Nature endeavour Cutaneous Fruptions or if the force of malignity surpass that of the febrile effervescency If the first Passages be stuff'd let temperat Clysters be injected and even those but very cautiously In the Declension of the Disease a gentle Laxative is not amiss 9. Blood-letting is highly Pernicious especially if the Disease came by Contagion or tend to cutaneal Eruptions Sometimes if the malignity be weak and the Blood boyl high in a Plethoric young Person accustom'd to Bleeding it may be allow'd but with a great deal of Caution and Judgment 10. Blistering Plaisters are very useful They 're applied to the Legs and Arms and in case of sleepy Symptoms to the Nap of the Neck If the Animal Spirits are much afflicted or if the Eruptions design'd by nature advance but slowly or retire afterwards they are of singular use Stephanus advises us not to be over hasty in applying 'em till Nature have discover'd her design and then if she be weak to interpose their help The increase or rather beginning of the Height is a proper time to apply ' em 11. The Diet must be thin neither are Victuals to be offer'd unless the appetit require ' em For Drink let Water be boyl'd with a third part of Rhenish Wine and mix'd with the Juice of Citrons and Gelly of Harts-horn Or let Whey be sharpen'd with the Juice of Citrons or Spirit of Nitre Having premis'd these Cautions we shall next touch at the Specifics some of which are volatil some fix'd The volatil are either lean and thin such as the Spirit of Sal-Armoniac the Spirits and volatil Salts of Harts-horn of Vipers of Tartar of Urine of Amber c. Or Oily and Aromatic such as Camphyr Elecampane Birthwort Rue Galangal Mary-gold Orange Peel Germander Castor Vipers Baum Zedoary lesser Centory Rob of Juniper and Elder-berries the distill'd Oyls of Amber Camphyr Harts-horn and Tartar Essence of Triacle Spirit of Triacle Camphoris'd and the Essences of Aromatic Herbs The fix'd are Diaphoretic Antimony Diaphoretic Gold native Cinnabar or that of Antimony above all the fix'd Sulphur of Antimony mineral Bezoar both simple and Compound the Bezoar Stone given to half a dram or in the room of it the Stone cut out of a Man's Bladder seal'd Earth Coral Harts-horn Sulphur and the preparations of Nitre c. Some are of a temperat nature neither properly volatil nor fix'd such are the Gelly of Harts-horn the expelling Seeds viz. Those of Carduus Benedictus Columbines Cresses Citrons c. To which we may add Myrrh which is a baumy Medicine of excellent use for covering the Spirits from the shocks of the malign ferment From these Simples are prepar'd an infinity of compound Medicines such as Venice Triacle or Diascordium which is better Mithridat Species of Hyacinth the Powder call'd Saxonicus c. As for Venice Triacle and such like hot Compositions the best way is to exhibit em in Acid Vehicles and mix 'em with fix'd Specifics Take of Rasberry Water and that of Water Germander of each an ounce and a half Diaphoretic Antimony half a dram Cinnabar of Antimony fifteen grains volatil Salt of Harts-horn twelve grains Camphyr two or three
Light This is call'd a Suffusion If the Matter harden into a Membran 't is call'd a Cataract It generally sticks close either to the Horn or Grape Tunicle and seems to proceed from a preternatural Extension of its membranous Fibres 'T is always seated in the watry Humor tho it sometimes appears before the Coat call'd Vvea and sometimes behind it If this Membran cover the whole Eye the Sight is quite lost if it cover but the half the Object appears half'd if it exceed not the bigness of a small Point in the middle of the Eye and the Circumference is left open the Objects appear as if holes were made in them This last case is a true Suffusion The Signs are these In the beginning the Patient complains of Flies Smoak Cobwebs Filaments and such like before his Eyes the Color of Objects is alter'd and they appear either multiply'd half'd or cut asunder Thus by degrees the sight is darken'd and the Apple on the Eye grows dusky Some are seiz'd with Cataracts all of a sudden without any preceding Signs If the Colour of the Eye turn perfectly white 't is a compleat Suffusion As for Prognostics a young Suffusion is curable by the use of Medicines but an inveterat one is only to be cur'd by a chirurgical Operation If Light when brought near be quite imperceptible Surgery it self can afford no Relief If the Eye affected be watry and its Apple dilated while the other Eye is compress'd 't is some Incouragement for a manual Operation If not 't is a desperate case If the Cataract be not ripe and come to a sufficient Consistency it ought not to be touch'd with a Needle for fear the division of it should disturb the watry Humor or it reunite and become come more callous than before If it be of a long standing it sticks so close to the Coats of the Eye that it cannot be separated without rending them An ashy colour'd Cataract is generally ripe in five or six Months But if white it requires as many years If blew or green 't is incurable If yellow it must be taken in time else it becomes hard like a Horn. If the Cataract appear perfectly white it is a sign of Ripeness and withal of its remarkable Thickness In old Age a confirm'd Cataract from an internal Cause in one Eye portends the Invasion of another in t'other Eye and if couch'd it generally returns If the Headach either precede or accompany a Cataract 't is an ill Omen In the Method of Cure regard must be had to the degrees of the Suffusion if the Patient be only molested with the appearance of Flies Hairs c. before his Eyes 't is in its first degree When these filaments that cause such appearances are gather'd into a Membran 't is arriv'd at the second degree If the Membran be so thick and confirm'd that there remains no manner of Sight 't is finish'd to the last degree In the first degree Medicines are only proper In the second they may likewise take place but yield to manual Operation Internally we use Hoglice Eyebright Vipers boil'd in Ophthalmic Waters the Decoction of Woods Celandin Vervain Fennel Betony and such like The external Remedies must be very penetrating Antimonials are preferable to all others by reason of an Acid subtil Sulphur couch'd within ' em As Take of Glass of Antimony in Pouder from half a Scruple to fifteen Grains infuse in Water of Elewhottle Flowers Evebright-Water and Fennel-Water of each one Ounce Let them stand warm for the space of a Night in the Morning strain the Liquor and add six Grains of Camphyr-Drop it into the Eye while the Patient is laid on his back Or Take of the Eggs of Ants four Ounces and thirty Galls of Lampreys mix and distil with a slow Fire It yields a muddy Water which ought to be strain'd and applied to the Cataract in the Evening The distill'd Water of human Dung with the Gall of a Lamprey and Sugar-Candy dissolv'd in it is much commended Celandin the Greater and River Crabs half putrified and distill'd yield an Alcalin Water of excellent Use If these Medicines prove ineffectual we must have recourse to Quercetanus his Ophthalmic Water prepar'd from a Child's Urine and Vitriol to which the juice of Celandin may be added The White of an Egg harden'd and fill'd with white Vitriol and Sugar Candy and hung up in a Cellar melts into a Liquor which if diluted with Eyebright Water is of admirable Use in this Case The Spirit of Salarmoniac sharpen'd with Quicklime is the most penetrating Spirit and preferable to Spirit of Wine in which we are wont to dip Rags and apply them to the Eye Blistring Plaisters Issues and Setaces are serviceable in the beginning but are of no use in an inveterat Suffusion In room of them we may use what follows Take the Roots of Mezereon and macerat them in Water in which Nitre has been dissolv'd or in the Lees of Wine-ashes and afterwards dry them Make a little hole in the teap of the Ear with a Needle and put some of this Root thus prepar'd into it after the manner of an Issue It drains a great deal of Matter from the Head and Eyes In an inveterat case 't is probable a Salivation procur'd by Mercury may be serviceable Fonseca Mr. Boyle and Schenkius were of the same Opinion Besides the genuin Suffusion above-mentioned we meet sometimes with a spurious sort which ensues upon Hypochondriac Fits long Fastings and the Paroxisms of intermitting Fevers It generally depends upon the Disorders of the Stomac and oft-times disappears upon eating or at least is cur'd by stomachic Medicines viz. Aloe Mastic and Ginger A Cataract ought likewise to be carefully distinguish'd from what we call a Glaucoma that is when the Chrystallin Humor loses its Perspicuity and assumes a grey dusky Colour Old People are naturally obnoxious to it by reason of their scarcity of Moisture For if we take out the Crystallin Humor and put it betwixt us and Objects it magnifies them but if we dry it or boil it in hot Water it becomes thick and untransparent 'T is in vain to attempt the Cure in old Persons If the Patient be young we foment the Eye with Spirit of Wine or a Cloth dipt in it and apply'd to the Eye over Night Or infuse Borrage or Bugloss Flowers in Spirit of Wine and then use it Some commend a Tincture of Bugloss extracted with weak Alum Water and the distill'd Water of the Whites of Eggs. Thus much for the Obstacles which may embarrass the Passage of the Rays of Light If the Patient be insensible of their Influence when they have a free Admission the fault must lie in the optic Nerve and 't is call'd a Gutta Serena Obstructions or Compressions of the optic Nerve interrupt the Passage of the Spirits to the Eye and so cause the Blindness And a Tumor or Collection of watry Humors in the Brain or a violent Commotion
from the sense of Thirst a proneness to rub and toss the Head and pull up the Hairs When the Inflammation relents it tends to a Gangrene which occasions Convulsions Lethargies and a total inactivity A true Phrensy proceeding from the Inflammation of the Brain is very dangerous If it increase after sleeping if it be serious and fierce if a clammy cold Sweat drop from the Head while the Body is unconcern'd if it be attended by a difficult Respiration immoderat Watching Headaches notable Weakness a ghastly Countenance an invincible Forgetfulness a Hiccough gnashing of the Teeth trembling of the Tongue and Hands and involuntary voiding of Excrements if the Person he speechless apt to gather up or pick the Bed-cloaths or become lethargic if the Nostrils drop and the Urine be not tinctur'd All these Symptoms portend Death A Paraphrenitis proceeding only from the Heat and Effervescency of the Blood and Spirits is more tolerable A Symptornatical Phrensy is a proper Subject of Cure but a Critical one ought not to be meddled with It is follow'd for the most part by bleeding at the Nose and is distinguish'd by the following Symptoms The Urine affords signs of Concoction the Pulse is unequal but strong and large the Eyes sparkle a murmuring Noise disturbs the Ears the Nostrils itch the Face is red and the lower Belly softly distended Sometimes 't is usher'd in by a sudden Headache or the sick Person is young and apt to bleed at the Nose If these Symptoms are wanting the Phrensy is symptomatical and ought to be cur'd by allaying the Heat and Turgency of the Blood and Spirits or removing the Stagnation In the first place let the Physician take care that he be not impos'd upon by drunken Persons whose Phrensies resemble those of Feavers In the next place if the phrentic Person be molested with Head-aches and immoderat Watchings Narcotic Medicines are very proper but ought to be cautiously administred for fear of exalting the Phrensy or converting it into a Lethargy In order to avoid such Consequences let us take notice of the following Cautions 1. That in acute hot Diseases Opiats ought to be prepar'd with Vinegar 2. That they ought not to be administred in the beginning or height of the Distemper but only during its increase 3. That when the Person is very weak they should be omitted 4. They ought still to be mix'd with Bezoardic Diaphoretic Pouders Blood-letting is always convenient unless the Feaver be very malign and ought to be liberally perform'd and in the following manner 1. Let a Vein in the Hams be first open'd then in the Arm and afterwards in the Forehead Incase of a particular Suppression of Blood in the lower Region let the Vein in the Ancle be first open'd Instead of breathing the Vein in the Forehead some recommend the Application of scarify'd Cupping-glasses to the forepart of the Head 2. Let the Surgeon while the Vein is open lay his hand upon the Patient's Head and mind the beating of the Artery in order to adjust the quantity of Blood to be drawn forth and the strength of the Patient 3. Let the Orifice of the Vein be stop'd and open'd by turns by the Surgeon's Finger Thus the stagnating Blood is evacuated without impairing the strength of the Patient in so great a measure as otherwise As for external Applications all strong smelling things except Camphyr ought to be avoided Vinegar must be added but in small quantities because its sharpness hinders sleep A symptomatical Phrensy disappears upon the removal of the principal Disease Cooling and narcotic Medicines are its proper Cure to which Diaphoretic Febrifuga's are join'd according to the Degree and Circumstances of the Feaver Take of the Waters of Male Pimpernel Purslain and white Water-Lillies of each an Ounce and a half Syrup of Water-Lillies and Syrup of Poppies of each six Drams The Acid Mineral Spirits of Vitriol Salt Sulphur dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre and dulcify'd Spirit of Salt are very useful against Phrensies Camphyr has a peculiar pacific Virtue If it be added to Opiats their Dose ought to be proportionably lessen'd As Take of the Conserve of red Poppy-flowers vitriolated half a Dram Langelot's Laudanum Opiatum one Grain Camphyr two Grains Mix c. Sugar of Lead prepar'd with Spirit of Nitre is a powerful Pacific The Decoction of the Flowers of Male Pimpernel in Water whetted with a little Rhenish Wine is of excellent use Take of the four great Cold-seeds of each a Dram and a half white Poppy-seeds three Drams With Purslain-water make an Emulsion To which add human Scull prepar'd without Fire half a Dram Bezoar Mineral a Scruple Syrup of Purslain half an Ounce Mix for use In a malignant Phrensy let the following Pouder be exhibited viz. Take of Cinnabar of Antimony twelve or fifteen Grains Lunar Bezoar six or eight Grains Laudanum Opiatum a Grain Camphyr two Grains Make a Pouder for two Doses to be exhibited in the Emulsion of white Poppy-seeds made with Pimpernel and Purslain Water Or Take of the Cephalic Specific Pouder a Scruple Sugar of Lead six Grains Camphyr two Grains Laudanum Opiatum a Grain and a half Acid Juleps are likewise very proper and if the Belly be constipated Tamarinds may be boil'd in ' em Externally let Cataplasms of Rue Chamomile Vervain Briony-roots and Soap or of Radishes Salt sharp Vinegar and Yest be applied to the soles of the Feet Or Take of the Juice of Houseleek new drawn six Drams sharp Wine Vinegar an Ounce and a half Nitre two Drams Camphyr half a Dram. Mix and apply to the Stones soles of the Feet and forepart of the Head When the Person sleeps it ought to be taken off the Head A Cataplasm of Houseleek Purslain and Roses may be applied to the Temples and Forehead The Pulp of a Gourd applied to the Head shav'd is commended by Bartholet Some set their Feet into an excavated Gourd and find benefit by it The Juice of live River-Crabs newly express'd is applied to the Forehead with wonderful success Or Take of Rose-water ten Ounces Opium a Dram Saffron half a Scruple Mix them and apply with a doubled Linen Cloth to the Forehead Take of the Water of Frogs Spaun six or eight Ounces fresh Juice of River-Crabs two three or four Ounces Opium dissolv'd in Vinegar half a Dram or two Scruples Camphyr and Saffron of each six eight or ten Grains Mix c. Or Take of the Juice of River-Crabs extracted with the Water of Frogs Spawn six Ounces Vinegar of Roses two Ounces Triacle of Andromachus two Drams Camphyr half a Scruple Saffron six Grains Mix and foment the Head and Temples Let the Liquor be lukewarm or somewhat cold Lindanus attributes much to the antient way of applying live Creatures cut up along the middle as a Dove a Cock c. to the Head shav'd But in the first beginning of a Phrensy they rather enforce it Oftimes the phrentic Persons thro inadvertency neglect to void their
Diaphoretic Antimony Hartshorn not burnt and Salt of Carduus Benedictus of each twelve Grains Mix and make a Powder which is to be taken in the Morning fasting in a warm Vehicle Or Take of Simple or Chalybeat Diaphoretic Antimony one Scruple Salt of Carduus Benedictus half a Scruple Laudanum Opiatum one or two Grains Distill'd Oyl of Cloves two drops Make a Powder for one Dose Or Take of Hartshorn not burnt fifteen Grains Cinnabar of Antimony half a Scruple Of the Golden Antidot call'd Bezoardicum Solare four Grains Mix and use as above Or Take of unburnt Hartshorn Nitre Prepar'd with Antimony of each fifteen Grains Make a Powder as above For a Bolus Take of Conserve of Elder or Conserve of Juniper from a Dram to two Drams Hartshorn not burnt from a Scruple to half a Dram. Diaphoretic Antimony half a Scruple Syrup of Rasberries as much as sufficeth to make a Bolus Or Take of Conserve of Elder one Dram. Diaphoretic Antimony one Scruple Extract of Carduus Benedictus six Grains With a sufficient quantity of the Syrup of Fumitory Make a Bolus If the Patient desire Pills Take of Extract of Carduus Benedictus half a Scruple Laudanum Opiatum one or two Grains Distill'd Oyl of Aniseeds or Rectify'd Oyl of Tartar as much as sufficeth to make a Mass for Pills Or Take of Extract of Carduus Benedictus from half a Scruple to a Scruple Extract of Triacle five Grains With a sufficient quantity of the Oyl of Amber make Pills Or thus Take of the Extract of Woods fifteen Grains Extract of Saffron three Grains With stinking Oyl of Tartar rectify'd Make a Mass for Pills So much for the separat Prescription of fix'd Sudorific's But sometimes we joyn both the fix'd and Volatil together As Take of Chalybeat Diaphoretic Antimony one Scruple Volatil Salt of Vipers five Grains And if the Patient be Restless add a Grain or two of Laudanum Opiatum Mix and make a Powder If a Potion be more acceptable Take of Scabious-Water Elderflower-Water Meadsweet-Water of each an Ounce The Cold Saxon Cordial-Water six Drams Spirit of Triacle Prepar'd with Camphyr three Drams Diaphoretic Antimony a Dram and a half Hartshorn not burnt one Scruple Volatil Salt of Hartshorn half a Scruple Camphyr three Grains Syrup of Scordium one Ounce or an Ounce and a half Mix for a Potion Or Take of Elderflower-Water one Ounce Hartshorn not burnt half a Dram. Volatil Salt of Hartshorn five Grains Syrup of Clove-Gilliflowers two Drams Mix for a draught Or Take of Elderflower-Water one Ounce Triacle of Andromachus or Fracastorius's Diascordium one Dram. Volatil Salt of Vipers six Grains Camphyr one Grain Syrup of Rasberries half an Ounce Mix for a draught Or Take of Carduus Benedictus Water two Ounces Quintessence of Urine two Drams Fracastorius's Diascordium one Dram. Syrup of Carduus Benedictus half an Ounce Mix and make a draught Thus I have run over the Classes of the Medicines that â—estore the due Fermentation of the Blood and Correct the â—uices of the Body This may suffice for the Vital Faculty SECT IV. Of the Animal Faculty THE Animal Faculty lyes under the influence of the Animal Spirits and Nerves The Nerves are immediately nourish'd and supplyed by the Chyle which if it be Faulty or Acid Communicates a noxious quality to them Their structure consists of delicate fine fibres some of which are distributed into small Branches and some gather'd into a Body as the Brain the Membranes Tendons c. All motion depends upon the due Stretching of these fibres and regular incursions of the Animal Spirits The Spirits are disorder'd by any accident that either impairs their stock or irritates them beyond their wonted pace This may be occasion'd either by an External Cold or a Vicious Acid Reigning within The Oyly Volatil Medicines are at once qualify'd to subdue this prevailing Acid and Retrieve the Spirits Such are the Herbs commonly call'd Cephalic as Rosemary Mint Sage Marjoram Lavender c. Likewise the Sulphurs of Metals Spirits and Distill'd Oyls especially such as are drawn from Amber and the Parts of Animals The Artificial Sal Volatile Oleosum is admirably conducive to the Nerves But Sylvius who first discover'd it was not so generous as to gratify the World with the Secret Tho' after all 't is no difficult matter to Prepare it The best is from Soot 'T is easily drawn from Amber thus Take of Quick Lime and Sal-armoniac of each equal quantities add to them a third Part of Amber Mix them and pour upon 'em a few drops of Tartaris'd Spirit of Wine Distill thro' a Glass Retort in Sand. Separat the Spirit that comes over from the Oyl and Rectify it again 'T is a Noble Medicine for the Indispositions of the Nerves Or ye may make it with other Distill'd Oyls As Take Cinnamom or Cloves and pour upon 'em Tartaris'd Spirit of Wine Let 'em stand for Digestion and the Spirit of Wine becomes Red. Then take the Spirit thus Tinctur'd and Pour it upon equal quantities of Quick Lime and Salarmoniae Distil thro' a Retort as above and iâ— yields a Urinous Spirit ting'd with a Golden or Bloody 〈…〉 The Spirit of Hartshorn succinated is very proper 〈…〉 purpose 't is Prepar'd thus Take Volatil Salt 〈…〉 Volatil Salt of Amber of each equal quantitie 〈…〉 Salt of Amber be depurated by repeated 〈…〉 ter or Extractions with Spirit of Wine Mix those 〈◊〉 Salts with rectify'd Spirit of Hartshorn and in order to procure a stricter Union distil several times If ye be oblig'd to an Extemporary Prescription use the following Take of Mint Fennel and Baum Waters of each one Ounce Essence of Castor three Ounces Succinated Spirit of Hartshorn two Drams Spirit of Sal-armoniac one Dram. Laudanum Opiatum two or three Grains Syrup of the rindes of Oranges or of Cinnamom six Drams Mix and make a Potion Dose a spoonful at a time In exhibiting Sharp and Volatil Medicines we ought to have a special regard to the delicacy of the Nerves Especially those in the Mouth of the Stomach which lye more open and expos'd to the injuries of a fierce Medicine Therefore we see that Persons Obnoxious to Anxieties Swooning and such like disorders of the Spirits complain most of their Breast or Stomac And Women or Children whose Nerves are more delicate and fine than those of Men are apt to receive more sensible Impressions in the Stomac from an Active Medicine Besides If the Stomac be offended the other Parts will share in the Injury by reason of the sympathy maintain'd among 'em by means of the Nerves Sometimes one and the same Nerve Visits several Parts and Causes a mutual consent as the under Lip and the Mouth of the Stomach Sometimes when two Nerves are Contiguous the one influences t'other as when a Stone in the Bladder provokes the Intestinum Rectum Sometimes the Parts are Connected by Nervous Ligaments and so are render'd sensible of one another's Circumstances
of the eight pair be disorder'd the Mouth of the Stomac becomes insensible and so eludes the influence of the Acid. These Nerves may be disorder'd upon their own Account or by consent of other Parts as in Nephritic and Colic Pains Or perhaps the Nerves are faultless and the Spirits are stupify'd by the use of Narcotics as Opium or Tobacco Or are diverted and imploy'd upon other things so as not to mind the impulse of the ferment as in the Case of Love Grief Madness c. If the Nerves or Spirits be not faulty the cause must be Lodg'd in the Stomac Sometimes the Acid is blunted by a superfluity of viscid matter in the Stomac Or the Spittle is become viscid and takes off its edge as in Hectic and Hypocondriac Persons This last cause is effectually-remov'd by drinking Wine in which Elecampane Roots Horse Radishes and Scurvy-Grass have been infus'd The hasty swallowing down of much meat drinking new and fermenting Liquors Cloying the Stomac with fat Oyly things or acid and austere Fruits do all cause a bluntness of the ferment The frequent use of Brandy or sulphurous Liquors Corrects the sharpness of the acid and occasions an inappetency The fatness and redundancy of the Bile whether in the Blood or Stomac may also vitiat the ferment When this cause takes place 't is known by a bitter taste in the mouth and a gnawing at the mouth of the Stomac And Lastly the suppression of wonted evacuations as stopping of the Terms or sudden forbearing of Venery c. May concur to the same effect Sometimes the acid it self is deficient If a Volatil Choler reign in the Blood or the Spirits are so disorder'd by a Feaver or otherwise that the alteration of the humors and particularly of the lympha is not regularly perform'd or if the heat of Summer exhausts the Spirits that should serve to exalt the ferment Immoderat drinking especially of whey which enjoys a temperat nitrous Salt allays the acidity of the ferment The frequent use of Alcali's as Chalk Hartshorn and all Chalybeat medicines little stones engender'd in the Stomac and the drinking of Urine which is a specific in hungry feavers are frequently the causes of a weak ferment As for Prognostics If it continue long in the beginning of a disease it weakens nature and adds force to the disease If it do not decline along with the distemper it portends a relapse In Chronical Diseases and such as come by Fits it is the forerunner of the Paroxysm In Children it is more suspected than in adult Persons If the Appetit seem to Answer in general and yet flags when Food is offer'd Or If after a loathing of meat the Patient of a sudden covet food and swallow it down greedily 't is a very bad Omen In the method of Cure a particular regard must be had to the difference of causes which may easily be distinguish'd without a long train of Diagnostics Generally the peccant cause is the abounding of slimy humors or of Choler or Fat in the Stomac Which is only remov'd by evacuating Medicines Of which Vomits are the best One Vomit is of more efficacy in this case than ten Purges As Take of Mynsichtius's Emetic Tartar three Grains fine sugar six Grains make a Powder Or if a liquid be more acceptable exhibit the Infusion of Crocus Metallorum minding heedfully the quantity of the Liquor and not the Crocus When a viscid Matter is lodg'd in the Stomach 't is fit to add some attenuating Ingredients As Take of Hyssop-water one or two Ounces Cinnamom-water two Drams Vinegar of Squills and the Emetic Syrup above prescrib'd of each half an Ounce compound Spirit of Verdigrease from two Scruples to a Dram. Mix c. If the Patient do not Vomit easily exhibit purging Medicines among which Aloe is the best but it ought not to be wash'd It is a common Ingredient into Pills and operates but very gently If there be occasion for a stronger Purgative Take the Pills of Hiera with Agaric adding to them Gum-ammoniac or some attenuating Medicine Thus Take of the Mass of Pills of Hiera with Agaric from twelve to fifteen Grains Extract of Wormwood or Gum-ammoniac dissolv'd in Vinegar eight Grains or half a Scruple Scammonium Sulphuratum one Grain Extract of the Troches Alhandal from half a Grain to two Grains For those who are Obnoxious to Hypochondriac Fits the following Pills are very useful Take of the Pills of Hiera with Agaric half a Scruple or twelve Grains Gum-ammoniac dissolv'd in Vinegar half a Scruple Scammony prepar'd with Juice of Roses two Grains Extract of Troches Alhandal one Grain with the Essence of Steel make Pills Or Take of the Pills of Mastic fifteen Grains extract of Wormwood twelve Grains Extract of Troches Alhandal one Grain Make Pills This purging Powder is likewise very good for Hypocondriac Persons and such as are easily purg'd viz. Take of Tartarum Vitriolatum fifteen Grains Scammony prepar'd with Sulphur four Grains Troches Alhandal one Grain distill'd Oyl of Cummin-seeds two drops Make a Powder If a Potion be more agreeable Take of Hyssop-water Mint-water of each half an Ounce Tartarum Vitriolatum and Extract of Agaric of each six Grains Scammony sulphurated two Grains Mix for a Potion So much for Purging Medicines After gentle Evacuations we proceed to the use of such Medicines as strengthen the Walls of the Stomac and resolve the slimy Mucilage that sticks to them To this purpose all sharp volatil and aromatic Medicines are proper as the Stomachical Herbs Spices the hot Seeds and Antiscorbutic's especially Horse-Raddishes Those of a gentle astringent quality restore the Natural Constitution of the Stomac when vitiated by the use of Opium strong Liquors Brandy c. As for Acid Medicines I cannot much approve them I never saw any good Effect produc'd by them in this case excepting Cream of Tartar and the dulcify'd Spirit of Salt or of Vitriol 'T is true they are fit to provoke the Stomac and imitate Nature in prompting it to crave Food but the Business of a Physician is rather to remove the Encumbrances that annoy the Natural Function than to supply an Artificial Appetit The Essence of Bread distill'd thro' a Retort is a sovereign Restorer of the ferment These Medicines may be prescrib'd thus Take of Wormwood Mint of each a handful Roots of Acorus two Drams Gentian Roots half an Ounce the four hot Seeds of each two Drams Slice and chop 'em small And tie them up in a Bag to be infus'd in Wine Let the sick Person drink a Draught twice a Day adding to every Draught six Drops of dulcify'd Spirit of Salt Or Take of Mint three handfuls fresh Roots of Acorus two Ounces Roots of Elecampane or Horse-Radishes from one Ounce to an Ounce and a half Zedoary Roots six Drams Cinnamom three Drams put them into a Bag to be infus'd in Wine Take of Mint three handfuls Carduus Benedictus one handful Wormwood Tops and lesser
not so easily diluted as otherwise This Salt is of an Alcalin nature contrary to that which causes immoderat Hunger The privative cause is the Defect of Saliva whose Office 't is to water those parts and dilute the Salts The remote external Causes are Purging Medicines Pepper Salt Spices Arsenic sublimat Mercury talking loud sleeping with the Mouth open c. The internal remote Causes are the prevalency of a bitter Oyl in the Choler depraving the Lymph an Oyly sharpness in the Saliva occasion'd by Catarrhs extravasation of Serum or Scorbutic glutinous Lymph the Deficiency Glutinosity and Saltish sharpness of the Saliva as in Feavers Phthisicks Hectics c. To which we may add the disorder diversion or paucity of the Spirits which hinder the due secretion of the Spittle as in the Instances of Weakness Fatigue Anger Pain c. The heat of the Blood in the Lungs and dejection of the Appetit in the Stomac have likewise a great hand in causing Thirst Sometimes Thirst is attended by a Feaverish heat at other times it is quite free of it as in Scorbutic Hydropic and Catarrhous cases In general a sudden Thirst without any visible cause prognosticates some Disease or other If the Tongue be dry the Mouth beset with a tough Phlegm and the Body oppress'd with heat and yet the Person be insensible of Thirst 't is an Argument of a Delirium or great disorder among the Animal Spirits or of the stupidity of the Tongue and adjacent parts and is justly look'd upon as a malignant Symtom If in drinking the Liquor makes a noise as it falls into the Stomac it is an Argument of the Disorder of the Stomac In Feavers it disappears together with them But in Chronical Distempers 't is not so easily shaken off As for the method of Cure the irritating Cause must be first remov'd by Medicines vary'd according to its Nature Such are partly austere Acids partly temperat Medicineâ— which correct the sharp or urinous or oyly or saline Particles The Acids are Wood-sorrel Prunes Citrons Quinces Oranges Pomgranates Rasberries Barberries Corants Cherries and all their Juices and especially Tamarinds which not only abate the Thirst but open the Body The Juice of Houseleek Vinegar Strawberry-water Tinctures of Roses of Viclets and of Dasies Cream of Tartar Spirits of Vitriol of Sulphur of Salt or the Spirit distill'd from equal Quantities of Sulphur Antimony and Vitriol drop'd into the ordinary Drink The temperate Remedies are Milk Whey clarify'd with Citrons Emulsions of Seeds Raisins Liquorice e. The second Indication of Cure is to augment the quantity of Serum and Spittle by exhibiting Liquids alter'd with Wine or Cinnamom or mix'd with acid Spirits Simple cold Water tho' commonly us'd is very noxious Besides 't is not convenient to throw in too large quantities of Liquors for fear of loading the Stomac therefore Gargles and Mucilages applied to the Tongue and Throat will not be improper As for the Forms of Recipe's these following will suffice Take of the Decoction of the Leaves and Roots of Wood-sorrel one Pound fresh Juice of Wood-sorrel three Ounces Syrup of Bay-berries and Pomgranats of each six Drams Mix them Take of the Decoction of Barly one Pound Juices of Citrons and of Quinces of each two Ounces Tinctures of the Flowers of Dasies and Roses of each two Drams Syrup of the Juice of Citrons an Ounce and a half Spirit of Salt as much as sufficeth Make a Julep Take of the Flowers of Dasies six Drams sprinkle 'em with Spirit of Sulphur and infuse 'em in two Pound of Barly-water till it extract a Tincture strain the Liquor and add three Ounces of the Syrup of Rasberries Take of Tamarinds two Ounces bruis'd small Raisins an Ounce and a half boil them in Water and infuse in the strain'd Liquor while 't is yet hot an Ounce of fresh Citron-peel When 't is cold strain it out and add half an Ounce of the Tincture of Roses Make a Julep Take of Barly-water a Pound and a half Cinnamom-water an Ounce purify'd Nitre or Nitrum Antimoniatum from a Dram to a Dram and a half Mix them for a Potion This and all Nitrous Potions are proper for such as do not agree with Acids In Scorbutic Phthysical and Hydropic Cases the Saltness of the Lymph and Spittle is admirably corrected by Whey mix'd with Juice of Citrons or with the Juices of Scurvy-grass and Wood-sorrel Spirits of Salt and of Nitre are likewise very proper Emulsions prepar'd from the cooling and milky Seeds and the Decoction of China with Raisins and Liquorice are likewise conducive to the same purpose Acids in this case are improper But Liquorice and Fennel-Seeds boil'd are much approv'd As Take of Barly a handful small Raisins bruis'd an ounce and a half Anniseeds Fennel seeds of each a Dram and a half Liquorice-roots six Drams Boyl them in fair Water till the fourth part be consum'd adding towards the end a Dram and a half of Cinnamon Strain out the Liquor of which the Patient may drink at pleasure Gargles of Water Small-beer or Water impregnated with Nitre or the Juice of Houseleek or Mucilages of Quince-seeds Fleawort-seeds c. extracted with Rose-water or Phlegm of Vitriol and mix'd with the Juice of Houseleek applied to the Tongue and held in the Mouth are very useful especially when the Tongue is black dry and rough Some healthy Persons are molested with Thirst every Morning for whom Wormwood-wine is very proper Others are thirsty thro' Labour Fatigue and Exercise for whom the Spirit of Wine is very convenient SECT III. Of the Diseases relating to the Chewing Faculty HAVING dispatch'd the Disorders of the Appetit which is the first Spring of Nourishment I am now arriv'd at the manner of receiving Food It is first receiv'd by the Mouth Chew'd and impregnated with Spittle which being of a fermentative Nature not unlike that of the ferment in the Stomach predisposes and prepares it for Digestion Now if the Power of Chewing be deficient or disorder'd 't is neither impregnated with Spittle nor cut small so as to be fit for Digestion The Disorders of this Nature are such as respect either the Muscles imploy'd in that Motion the Jaw-bones or the Teeth Of these in order CHAP. I. Of the Contorsion of the Muscles of the Mouth or a Dog Cramp THE Temporal Muscles and those common to the Cheeks and Lips are the Instruments which move the under Jaw-bone in order to joyn it with the upper in the Act of Chewing If they are seiz'd with Convulsions or Cramps the under Jaw-bone is inseparably united to the upper if they be Paralytic it falls down by its own weight and they are not able to fetch it up But these Cramps and Palsies never happen but when the whole Body is equally affected and then they yield to the general Cure If one part or side of these Muscles be seiz'd with Convulsions or Palsy while the other is sound the Mouth stands awry inclining
vomiting in the beginning or height is good If it follow Wounds or Bruises of the Head 't is frequently mortal The Periodical Vomitings of Hypochondriac Scorbutic and Splenetic Persons are of a good Character If the Matter vomited be a mixture of Choler and Pituita 't is a Friendly Symptom but either of them apart is more noxious The vomiting of Worms Excrements of the Belly Clysters c. is much suspected Before we launch into the method of Cure 't will not be improper to take Notice of the following Cautions 1. That Critical Vomits or those which happen in the beginning of Benign Diseases or those of Women with Child in their first Months ought not to be stopp'd unless they exceed measure 2. That in Scorbutic Cases absorbent mitigating Ingredients are more proper than hot sharp Aromatics 3. That a Vomiting of Blood ought to be curb'd betimes for fear of exhausting the Spirits 4. In case of Worms it ought to be incourag'd and the Body kept soluble 5. That in all Vomitings 't is convenient to keep the belly open by gentle Purges and Clysters But withal the quantity of the Liquor for Clysters must be small lest the Colon being distended it should press or irritate the incumbent bottom of the Stomac 6. By all means let Sleep be promoted 7. All Vomitings occasion'd by assumption of Poyson ought to be encourag'd and continu'd till the Poyson be rooted out For which end fat and tempering Liquors are very Proper for that all Vegetable and Mineral Poysons are endu'd with an excessive Acrimony As touching Animal Poysons indeed the case is alter'd 8. That Inappetency Loathing and such like Infirmities of the Stomac ought to be obviated betimes by Vomits lest delay remove the opportunity The General Indications of Cure are these The Remote Causes must be remov'd the exquisite sense of the Stomac and fierceness of the Spirits abated by Opiats the Stomac gratify'd with agreeable Aromatics and fortify'd by Astringents The first Indication must be satisfied according to the variety of the Causes Gentle Vomits and Purges are convenient if vicious Humors in the Stomach or Poyson are blam'd as the Cause For the second Indication Laudanum Opiatum is an incomparable and universal Remedy Mithridat Venice Treacle and especially Diascordium are entitled to the same Character As for Example Take of Treacle half a Dram Laudanum Opiatum a Grain distill'd Oyl of Mace two Drops with Juice of Quinces make a Bolus The third Indication is answer'd by sweet-scented Aromatic Stomachic Remedies Such as are Quinces Mint Wormwood Baum Zedoary Orange Peel Mastic Camphir Cloves Nutmegs and especially Cinamom their Waters Spirits Essences Extracts and distill'd Oyls The Astringent Ingredients are Quercetanus's Syrup of Coral Syrup of dry Roses Juice of Pomgranats Vinegar with Zedoary infus'd Elixir of Vitriol and especially the Spirit of Vitriol of Steel and Juice of Quinces Seal'd Earth beat into a Pultise with Spirit of Vitriol or of Nitre hardens into a Stone which if powder'd and put into a moist place melts into a Styptic Liquor of admirable use for all Astringent Indications Take of Mint-Water two or three Ounces Cinnamom-Water six Drams Juice of Quinces an Ounce rectify'd Spirit of Vitriol five or six Drops Distill'd Oyl of Cinnamom three Drops mix Take a spoonful now and then adding sometimes one two or three Grains of Laudanum Opiatum or if the Person be very weak a Scruple of the Essence of Ambergrise or in a case of Extremity four or five Grains of Allum Venice Treacle mixt with Vinegar or form'd into a Bolus with Spirit of Vitriol is much approv'd In malignant Feavers Salt of Wormwood with Juice of Limons when the Stomach is stuff'd with thick Humors Spirit of Salt or of Nitre with Treacle and when the Stomach is inflam'd or corroded the Muciâ—age of Fleawort and Quince-seeds with solutive Syrup of Roses are very convenient Externally Let Aromatic and Corroborating Ingredients be boyl'd in Vinegar and the warm Decoction applied with a Spunge to the Stomach or let toasted bread soak'd in Vinegar and cover'd with Aromatic Pouders be applied to the Region of the Stomach Spirit of Wine Camphoris'd is very effectual in Fomentations A Bag may be quilted with Mint Nutmegs Cloves Mace and Cinnamom sprinkl'd with Triacl'd Spirit of Wine and Distill'd Oyl of Mint and applied Some commend the application of a bag of Saffron Liniments are compos'd of Venice Treacle Balsam of Peru or Oyls of Mastic Wormwood Quinces c. Or Take of Express'd Oyl of Nutmegs two Drams Distill'd Oyls of Mint Cloves and Mace of each half a Scruple Distill'd Oyl of Cinnamom five Drops make a Liniment and anoint the Stomach and Breast Plaisters may be made of Tacamahac and Gum Caran with Aromatic Oyls after the Example of Crato's Cataplasms are likewise proper as Take of the sharpest Yest four Ounces Pouder of Mint an Ounce of Zedoary six Drams Nutmegs three in number Mace Cloves and Cinnamom of each two Drams Aniseeds Cuminseeds and Fennelseeds of each three Drams With a little vinegar of Roses make a Cataplasm to be applied to the Stomach When the Irritating Cause is transfer'd from other parts to the Stomach Purging Bleeding and such like Diversions are very proper As Women with Child are sometimes cur'd of vomiting by Blood-letting When we are oblig'd to stop an Artificial vomiting 't is convenient to exhibit Milk boyled with Bread or Bread soak'd in Generous Wine Inject Clysters of Milk with Treacle administer Opiats and apply outwardly as above If the Assumption of an harsh Purge dispose one to vomit there 's nothing better than to chew fresh Citron Peel or smell to toasted Bread dipp'd in vinegar and cover it with Pouder of Cloves CHAP. II. Of a Vomiting of Blood THis Symptom may be caus'd by the suppression of the Piles or Terms in Maids or Women with Child Opening of a Vein or Artery as that of the Vas breve thro the Obstruction of the Spleen which emptys its Blood into the Stomac or any of the Pancreatic Veins occasion'd by the sharpness of its Juice which Veins deposit their Blood into the Duodenum and then it is voided both upwards and downwards Sometimes the healing up of a sordid Ulcer may occasion it by reason partly that the Blood was formerly evacuated in the form of corrupt Matter and partly that the Ferment of the Ulcer may have corroded the Vessels in the Lungs It succeeds frequently to Amputations the Blood being then crouded into Fewer Channels The Signs are these Arterious Blood is fluid and reddish If the vomited matter be of an obscure colour and clotted resembling the Liver it comes from the Veins If it incline to a black colour be voided with a biting pain and tended by an austere taste 't is not Blood but an acid corrupt humor or Atra Bilis If it proceed from the rupture of the Vas breve 't is usher'd in by a beating pain in the left side of the
one beyond its natural Capacity while the other retains its wonted bulk apt to be swallowed up by the larger This entrance of one Gut into another may be promoted by Persons unquietness and tossing in the extremity of their Pain Convulsive Contractions of the Guts Coalition of their Sides Corrosion of their Valves and Inflammations caus'd by over-acid Juices and attended by Feavers which if a Gangrene insue become malignant The signs of an approaching Iliac Passion are extreme Gostiveness retraction of the Anus a loathing vomiting and intolerable Pains in the small Guts and if a Hiccough insue it threatens Death If the Anus be much drawn back so that a Clyster-pipe cannot enter it is a sign that the gross Intestines are affected If otherwise the small Guts are only touch'd If the greatest Pain be seated in the Epigastrium the Ilium is most oppress'd A shooting burning Pain in one particular part of the Belly a Lipyria Feaver Thirst and ardor of the Stomac are signs of an Inflammation If the Pain be over and follow'd by cold Sweats difficult Respiration Swoonings and sometimes Convulsions 't is a sign of a Gangrene In fine the common Symptoms of an Iliac Passion are hardness of the Belly suppression of Urine loathing vomiting first of the Contents of the Stomac and next the Excrements a stinking habit of Body frequent Swoonings insufferable griping Pains in the Guts a prodigious anxiety and sometimes vomiting of Clysters Inflammations or Gangrenes are Mortal If the upper Gut descend into the lower 't is a fatal Symptom If the lower ascend into the higher 't is curable If the Disease proceed from a Rupture or harden'd Excrements 't is not desperat If Sleep succeed to the taking of Opiats 't is a hopeful Circumstance The Hiccough Deasness Convulsions or Doatings are bad Consequences If the Eâ—â—rements be vomited and if the Sweat Breath Belchings and Wind voided downwards stink much 't is a dangerous case The Cure consists in removing the Irritation and retrieving the natural peristaltic Motion of the Guts In general the following Rules will direct us 1. If the Excrements be harden'd they must be soften'd with Clysters betimes else we labor in Vain 2. All Purgatives are improper till such time as the Guts and Stomac are appeas'd and restor'd to their natural Motion 3. Tho' the Symptoms disappear we ought not to think our selves secure till large quantities of humors be voided downwards eitheir by a natural or artificial force 4. The weakness and dejection of the Parts which is caus'd by the stink attending this Disease ought be always accounted for by exhibiting Confection Alkermes Spirit of Triacle camphoris'd Cinnamom Water Ambergrise c. 5. In case of a Gangrene Opiats are very noxious as likewise in that of Obstructions till such time as the Belly be well open'd When the Disease proceeds from a violent Irritation and is attended by a furious everlasting Vomiting Opiats may be mix'd with Stomachical Medicines while the Person is yet strong 6. Whatever is us'd whether outwardly or inwardly must be warm as well in the time of Recovery as that of the fit Now as to particular Cases If the small Guts only be inverted emollient Clysters quicken'd if need be with Coloquintida Sal Gem or Antimonial Infusions or those of the Carminative Seeds boyl'd in Childs Urine and Water or of the Decoction of Sheeps Guts and Caul or in case of an Inflammation those of Nitre and Barly-water are proper But if the motion of the gross Intestines be likewise inverted all such Clysters promote the Irritation Wherefore we are obliged in such cases to endeavour the Cure by temperat softening laxative lubrical Potions as the Decoction of emollient Herbs in Broth mix'd with the Oyl of sweet Almonds or the Oyl of sweet Almonds new drawn given to the quantity of three Ounces in Broth with Sperma Gaeti Or Take of the Decoction of Raisins with Tamarinds half a Pound Oyl of sweet Almonds two or three Ounces Syrup of Apples an ounce and a half The Decoction of Rapes or that of Chammomil Flowers with fresh Butter or the juice of rotten Apples is of good use Some apply the Pulp of Apples with Saffron to the Belly In a word the same Method is to be follow'd in curing this Disease as we recommended in the last Article When all other Medicines are ineffectual we have recourse to leaden Bullers and Quicksilver But in case of an Inflammation Rupture Gangrene or descent of the upper Gut into the lower the former are very noxious and even in other Cases they are frequently either insufficient or hurtful Wherefore Quicksilver claims the Preference Before we use it the Body ought to be prepar'd with lubrical things such as Oyl of sweet Almonds or Sperma Caeti Then exhibit three four and sometimes eight ounces of purify'd Quicksilver together with Oyl of sweet Almonds and Mint-water If it do not succeed at first let it be frequently repeated And in the mean while inject emollient Clysters foment the Belly with softening â—â—coctions or set the Person into a Bath If the Mercury after frequent using do not pass make the Clysters sharper anoint the Belly with Ointment of Soubread and Oyl of Coloquintida and apply the Plaister of Hemloc with Gum Ammoniac to soften the Excrements If the Mercury disturb the Mouth Throat and Gums Gargle 'em with Hony of Roses and Syrup of Violets After the Body 's open'd 't is likewise proper to exhibit the lunar Bezoar and diaphoretic Antimony for carrying off the remains of the Mercury Besides the above mention'd Emollient and temperating Potions some commend salt of Wormwood with Juice of Limons or the Spirit of Turpentin or when the Guts are free of Inflammations Venice Triacle dissolv'd in Wine for removing the Irritations or the following Recipe's Take of Mint-water two ounces Cinnamom and Zedoary Waters of each half an ounce Salt of Wormwood half a dram Laudanum Opiatum two or three Grains Syrup of Buckthorn six drams Make a Potion Take of Fennel Mint and carminative Waters of each an ounce Spirit of Salarmoniac anisated a dram and a half Essence of Opium a dram Syrup of Mint six drams mix and exhibit in the beginning of the Disease Take of prepar'd Amber Diaphoretic Antimony Cinnabar of Antimony of each half a Scruple Laudanum Opiatum two grains Camphyr one grain make a Powder Mineral Bezoar and volatil Salt of Hartshorn are likewise proper Ingredients If the Disease be caus'd by an Inflammation let blood both in the Arm and Leg let the Person abstain from eating let Clysters of Nitre Milk and mucilage of Fleawort-seeds be injected and exhibit a Potion of Mint-water Spirit of Venice Treacle camphoriz'd Salt of Wormwood and Syrup of Buckthorn Externally anoint with the Oyntment of Marshmallows six drams Oyl of Chamomil half an ounce distill'd Oyls of Juniper and of Turpentin of each a dram and a half mix'd After anointing lay a hot Brick upon the Belly Sometimes a
can have admission This Dilatation is perform'd by the Air and Muscles The Midriff together with the Subclavian and Intercostal Muscles inlarge the Capacity of the Breast upon which there being no Vacuum the Air crouds into the Lungs and distends 'em to fill up the void space The Lungs being thus distended the blood empties it self into 'em and by vertue of the universal Salt of the Air its Mass is dissolv'd rarify'd volatilis'd and freed of its Steams This Admission of Air or Dilatation of the Lungs is call'd Inspiration And the Expulsion of it or successive compression of the Lungs forwarding the Blood to the left Ventricle of the Breast is stil'd Expiration the complex Action bearing the title of Respiration CHAP. I. Of Inspiration abolish'd or Suffocation SUffocation is a denying of admission to the Air. The Cause may relate either to the Passages thro which the Air is to pass or to the Lungs that are to receive it or to the Muscles that ought to dilate the Breast The Passages are embarassed by external Ligatures which if they be suddenly put on extinguish all manner of Sense in an instant by being fill'd with Water or drowning by Tumors and Inflammations in the Neighborhood of the Wind-pipe by swallowing bulky things that stick in the Gullet and press the Wind-pipe or bear down the Epiglottis by forcing things into the Wind-pipe by laughing or speaking in the time of eating by Hairs c. sticking to the Epiglottis and disturbing its motion or by a large Polypus in the Nose spreading its Branches to the Throat After strangling we endeavour to bring the Person to life by Blood-letting pouring down spirituous Liquors and rubbing the Joynts If the Suffocation is caus'd by being under Water we hang up the Person by the Heels that the Water may run out then apply a Toast soak'd in Spirit of Wine and exhibit Sudorifics or sometimes a gentle Vomit If any bulky thing stick in the Throat give 'em a blow on the Back and exhibit Oyl of sweet Almonds or Cassia If it stick in the Wind-pipe Coughing Sneezing and Vomiting will bring it up If a Bone stick in the Gullet let it be brought up by an Instrument or apply a suppurating Cataplasm or exhibit a Vomit A narrowness of the Passage caus'd by Aqua fortis is cur'd by the Mucilage of Quinces A sudden Suffocation affecting the Lungs immediately is caus'd by Narcotic Sulphurous Steams of New Wine or Ale new Plaistering Coal-Pits and other Mineral Fumes which destroy the Airy Spirit that should ferment the Blood and so cause its Stagnation in the Lungs and extinguish the animal Spirits producing Apoplexies Carus's and many dismal Symptoms For Cure let the Person be carried into free Air the Mouth open'd and Wind Artificially procur'd let a liquid Vomit mix'd with the Essence of Castor or Apoplectic-waters be thrown down the Throat Let Vinegar in which Castor is infus'd be exhibited by Spoonfuls If the Person be Plethoric open a Vein Apply outwardly Epithema's of Vinegar to the Scrotum and Testicles Blow Sneezing Powders into the Nostrils and rub the Temples and Nostrils with little Bags of Marjoram and Fennel-Flower-seeds infus'd in Vinegar Note Tho Vinegar be of admirable Efficacy against the Gas or Steams of Vegetables yet 't is not proper against a Mineral Gas Lastly The Causes of Suffocation relating to the Muscles of the Breast are their Paralytic Apoplectic Condition or Convulsions of the Larynx occasion'd by the Disorder of the Nerves of the Par Vagum and those of the Intercostal Branch as in the case of Hysteric and Hypochondriac fits Poyson or eating a sort of strangling Mushrooms Venery c. The Cure is perform'd by Essence of Castor Volatil Salt of Amber Camphyr Opiats and such Medicines as we use against Hysteric and Epileptic Fits Vomits Oxymel of Squills and Venice Treacle are Specifics against the poysonous Mushrooms CHAP. II. Of Inspiration deprav'd or difficult Breathing ART I. Of Asthma's AN Asthma is a frequent difficult Respiration attended by a perplexity in the Breast and sometimes a Cough and Snoring Sometimes 't is so violent that the Patient cannot breathe unless he stand upright and then 't is call'd Orthopnaeia The general Cause of all Asthma's is the Constriction of the Vesicles of the Lungs The particular Causes are various Some Asthma's are moist proceeding from vicious Matter provoking the Lungs and Wind-pipe to Contractions and frequently attended by coughing spitting and snoring tho not always Others are Dry occasion'd by the Convulsions of the Organs of Respiration or dryness of the Lungs without the influence of any deprav'd humor The Matter that gives rise to the moist sort is frequently lodg'd in the Stomac and first Passages and by distending them presses the Lungs and Diaphragm Hence wind and acid Crudities such as Hypocondriac or Scorbutic Persons are generally lyable to frequently cause a difficult Breathing in a Morning when they lye upon their backs in Bed Or after eating especially at Night or after Drinking Wine Dropsies also distending the Muscles of the Belly and Crouding the Blood with serum may occasion a difficulty of Breathing If the matter lodge in the Lungs 't is either Originally bred within 'em or transfer'd thither from other Parts If it be bred there it proceeds from the Depravation of the Nutritious Juice of the Lungs and Wind Pipe occasion'd by Mineral Steams or Vicious Air or the Viscidity and Sharpness of the Lymph that waters ' em For if their Nutritious Juice be perverted it degenerats into a tartareous hard or otherwise Noxious matter Imposthumes and Ulcers in the Lungs may also be reckon'd as Causes of this Kind of Asthma If the Peccant humor be not bred in the Lungs it proceeds either from serum thrown upon 'em or the Bronchia or Blood stagnating within ' em The former cause takes place sometimes in the Declensions of Feavers or when the Pores of the Body are stop'd The latter in a Redundancy of Blood Suppression of the Terms or Piles in Cachectic Persons whose Blood is Glutinous and Stuff'd with Crudities and consequently requires more time for Rarefaction in the Lungs in the case of sudden fear or Drinking of Cold Water immediatly after the Blood has been rarify'd by a Violent heat Any Acid matter that 's apt to Coagulat the Blood may also produce the same effect As for dry Asthma's They may proceed from a preternatural form of the Back and Breast or from Stones and Schirrus's in the Lungs But the more Notable Cause is the Convulsions of the Organs of Respiration especially the Diaphragm occasion'd by the disorders of the lower Belly as in Hysteric or Hypochondriac Fits the Contorsion of the Backbone Nephritic Arthritic and Gouty Pains Or in General any Acid humor irritating the Nerves whether in the Abdomen or Brain But especially in the Abdomen for the Nerves of the Par Vagum and those of the Inter-Costal Branch furnish both the Belly Breast and Neck
with Nerves and upon this Account we frequently observe that these Convulsive Asthma's are attended by disorderly Smptoms in the lower Belly Besides if we consider the Variety and Multitude of the Muscles imploy'd in Respiration and the various Motions and Contrary Offices they are obliged to perform we shall not be at a loss to Imagin what a sensible Influence any sort of Convulsions may have upon Breathing This Convulsive sort of Asthma's may likewise be caus'd by the Dryness and Flaccidity of the Lungs following the Depravation of their Nutritious Juice smoaking of Tobacco Mineral steams frequently irritating the Fibres of the Lungs c. The like may insue upon the striking in of a Scab or the unseasonable healing of an Ulcer the Blood being thereby render'd sharp and irritating and its Texture prone to irregular fermentations An Asthma is of its self manifest But the Symptoms ought to be heedfully regarded in order to distinguish the various Causes Those which proceed from a Vicious form of the Breast or from serum or slime covering the Lungs or from the Depravation of their own Nutritive Juice are continual Whereas the other sorts are Periodical All Asthma's agree in this Symptom that they are Exasperated at Night and when the Patient moves the Body or Changes the Air. Moist Asthma's are attended by a Cough snoring and comfortable Expectoration of matter in and after the Paroxysm If the snoring make a deep hollow sound the matter lodges in the Bronchia If it lodge within the substance of the Lungs the sound is flatter and the matter is not so Copiously brought up Dry Asthma's come suddenly and disappear in like manner without any visible cause or discovery of Noxious matter They are not attended by Snoring Coughing or Spitting unless it be towards the end of the Fit and even then very sparingly For the matter thus expectorated is not the cause of the Disease as in the moist kind but only squeez'd out by the Perplexity of the Muscles and Agitation of the Lungs Neither are they so greedy of Inspiration as of Exspiration which is contrary to the method of moist Asthma's If the cause of the Convulsive kind come Originally from the Head the fit is usher'd in by Head-aches and Swimming of the Head If from the Belly by a murmuring Noise in the Guts If the Midriff be chiefly affected Pain Girds that Part where 't is joyn'd to the short Ribs If the Muscles of the Breast the whole Breast seems to be squeez'd If those of the Throat and Wind Pipe they are as it were strangled If the Lungs themselves They can give no other account but that they cannot Breathe An Asthma in malignant Cases or Acute Feavers is a fatal Symptom The Convulsive sort is more common than the moist and of the moist ones that from the Stomac is more frequently met with If an Asthma be Inveterat it seldom admits of a Radical Cure and is oft-times follow'd by Cachexies Swellings of the Feet Dropsies and then Death it self If an Asthma be only a Symptom of other Diseases it yields to their Cure If it be of the moist kind the viscous matter ought to be attenuated and carried off and the Stomac or Lungs fortify'd The Convulsive kind is cur'd by appeasing the Spirits strengthening the Nerves and Diverting their Cause by Blistering Plaisters and Issues In order to obtain these ends the following Cautions will assist us 1. In the moist Asthma's there 's no Medicine equals a Vomit It equally clears both the Stomac and Lungs and may be given in the very height of the Fit without the least fear of stiffling In a dry Asthma proceeding from the lower Belly it may be exhited after the Paroxysm Antimonial Preparations or the Water or Syrup of Tobacco or the Juice of the flower de luce are proper on this occasion Some exhibit the Infusion of white Hellebor in Rhenish Wine Some mix Emetic Ingredients with attenuating Medicines but in so small Doses that they only Expectorat others premise attenuating Medicines by themselves and then exhibit a Vomit 2. Cause a Vein to be speedily open'd in any Asthma whatsoever and exhibit convenient Medicines for dissolving Congeal'd Blood Correcting its Cachexy and curbing its Turgescence 3. During the Fit let all manner of Purgatives be avoided After the Fit is over they are useful but ought always to be mix'd with Gum Ammoniac As Take of the Pills of Ammoniac fifteen Grains Sweet Mercury a scruple Extract of Troches Alhandal two Grains Distill'd Oyl of Anis two drops Make Pills Some use Quercetanus's Oxymel of Tobacco Others the Decoctions of Aromatic Herbs and Senna which evacuat Gradually 4. If the Disease proceed from serum it ought to be carried off by Sweat Urine Blistering Plaisters and Issues Sudorifics especially of the Decoction of Guajacum and Sassafras are always useful in dry Convulsive Asthma's They expectorat also and attenuat and therefore are not improper for the moist sort If the Stomac be faulty the Acid Crudity must be Corrected and Expell'd 5. Narcotics are of Sovereign use both in and before the Paroxysm of a dry Asthma In the moist kind If the Symptoms are very fierce they are not improper 6. If it proceed from a Particular cause it requires a Particular Cure As if it be caus'd by the retreat of a Scab or Itch let volatil sudorifics such as the Decoctions of Furmitory Elecampane Fennel Extract of Venice Treacle and the fixed Salts be used for recalling the Itch and if nothing prove effectual put the Patient to Bed with those that are Scabby If it proceed from Metallin Fumes as Mercury let Solar-Bezoar and Diaphoretic Antimony be exhibited If from sudden Cold or Drinking of Cold Water exhibit the Juice of Dasies in Wine The specifics commonly us'd for moist Asthma's or such as flow from a viscid matter whether in the Lungs or Stomac are the Roots of Cuckowpint Hyssop Horehound Rosemary and its Flowers Saffron Speedwell Zedoary especially its Spirit the Juice of Briony Elecampane Roots The Syrup or Volatil Salt of Tobacco for old Persons Essence of Saffron Essence of Sassafras the Juice of Radishes Oxymel of Squills mix'd with Cinnamon Water Gum Ammoniac above all dissolv'd in Vinegar Compound Spirit of Verdigrise mix'd with the thicken'd Juice of Coltsfoot Dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre Elixyr Proprietatis Sulphur or its Spirit per Campanam The Water of Turneps Sperma Caeti Turpentin dissolv'd with the yelk of an Egg in a Convenient Vehicle Balsam of Sulphur Prepar'd with Oyl of Anis Juice of Woodlice with Wine an incomparable Medicine and the Carminative Spirit if the Stomac be disorder'd A Mercurial Salivation or washes for the feet in some Cases are very effectual Take of the Roots of Cuckow-Pint four Scruples Roots of Florentin Orris and Cinnabar of Antimony of each two Scruples Flowers of Sulphur and Benzoin in Powder of each a Scruple Make a Powder Note the Faecula's of Cuckowpint Briony c. are good for nothing
Take of the Leaves of Hyssop and white Horehound of each two handfuls Elecampane Roots two Ounces Fennel seeds half an Ounce Anis seed two drams Terra foliata Tartari three drams Common Water three Pound Scum'd Hony half a Pound Boyl them in a close Vessel Scum the Liquor and add three drams of Cinnamon and a dram of Oriental Saffron Strain it for use Let the Patient take a draught twice or thrice a day Take of Hyssop and Speedwell Water of each an ounce and a half Cinnamon Water an ounce Essence of Zedoary half an ounce Gum Ammoniac dissolv'd in Vinegar and a dram and a half Oxymel of Sqills an ounce Mix for two or three Doses Take of Hyssop Poppy flower and Asthmatical Waters an ounce and a half Asthmatical Spirit Prepar'd fâ—om Gum Ammoniac Verdigris and Brimstone an ounce and a half Oxymel of Squills or Syrup of Tobacco an ounce Take of the Tincture of Tartar half an ounce Spirit of Sal-armoniac two drams Mix and take thirty or forty drops in a warm Vehicle Take of the Roots of Fennel of Asarabacca and of Florentin Orris of each three drams Liquorice two drams Boyl them in Water till the third part be consum'd To eight ounces of the strain'd Liquor add Gum Ammoniac a dram Oxymel of Squills an ounce Syrup of Horehound an ounce or two Mix. This is Brunnerus his Potion Note Sugar and Sweet things ought to be Cautiously us'd in this Disease They are offensive to the Stomac and Lungs and favour a Phthisic Take of Rape flower Water four ounces strong Cinnamon Water half an ounce Syrup of Tobacco an ounce Spirit of Sulphur as much as sufficeth for a Grateful Acidity Mix c. A dram of Gum Ammoniac may be added Take of Cinnamon Water two ounces Sperma Caeti two drams Oxymel of Squills an ounce Mix c. Take of the Wine and Infusion of Woodlice eight ounces Extract of Elecampane Roots two drams Extract of Saffron half a dram Syrup of Hyssop and Syrup of white Horehound of each two drams Mix and take a draught twice a day As for the Convulsive dry Asthma's they are cur'd by premising a Vomit excepting the case of Hysterical Symptoms exhibiting Antiepileptic Medicines such as the Volatil Salt of Amber the Spirits of Tartar Amber Harts-horn Sulphur and Sal-armoniac especially the Essence of Castor whose Oyly salt conquers the Acid most effectually the Spirit of Putrify'd Earthworms and the Distill'd Oyls of Amber Anis and Turpentin mix'd with Narcotics Externally we apply the Oyl of sweet Almonds with Saffron to the Breast and Blistering Plaisters to the Shoulder-Blades and Arms. ART II. Of a Hiccough THE Hickets are a Convulsive motion of the Diaphragm bending it downward distending the Belly and provoking it to accelerat and interrupt Inspiration The Ancients refer'd it to the Stomac but its influence over the Belly its necessary dependence upon Inspiration its ready Obedience to the Command of our Will its being cur'd by continu'd Inspiration Sneesing Mirth and Violent Passions argue that 't is Seated in the Middriff 'T is true the Irritating Cause is frequently lodg'd in the upper Orifice of the Stomac from whence it has a short influence upon the Middriff thro' which the Orifice Passes Thus sharp acid Cold Liquors and Victuals or an acid Viscous Phlegm in the Stomac such as Children are Obnoxious to are frequently the Authors of this Disease As also the Convulsive motions of any other Membran that Corresponds with the Middriff Violent Purgatives Disjoynting of the Ribs Inflammations of the Liver Ruptures and whatever injures the Guts or Adjacent Membrans If a Hiccough proceed from the assumption of sharp Liquors or External things 't is not so dangerous as when it follows the Inflammations of the Liver Costiveness Colics or Feavers especially towards their height The Cure consists in abating the Convulsive sense of the Middriff and removing the material cause The former end is compass'd by Narcotics mix'd with Specifics Now the Specifics are Cinnamon Mastic Galangal Ginger Aniseed Burnt Hartshorn or Ivory Spirit of Sal-armoniac and especially Castor Take of Venice Treacle half a dram Laudanum Opiatum two Grains Aniseed half a Scruple Distill'd Oyl of Mace two drops With the Juice of Quinces Make a Bolus If the Evil be Inveterat 't will be necessary to Vomit Or at least to Purge with Pills of Aloe and Sweet Mercury mix'd with Laudanum After their Operation is over exhibit the following Mixture Take of Wine Impregnated with Quinces and the Tincture of Roses of each an ounce Extract of Zedoary fifteen Grains Laudanum Opiatum two Grains Distill'd Oyl of Orange Peel four drops Syrup of Quinces half an ounce Mix c. If the Stomac be distended with Wind add the Dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre If the Person be molested with Hysterical Symptoms add the Extract of Castor Externally we apply to the Stomac Cataplasms of yest Aromatic Powders and Oyl of Castor Or hot Bread soak'd in Spanish Wine or in Vinegar in which Pepper Castor and Mustard seeds are Boyl'd If a Hiccough proceed from Crudities in the Stomac besides the General method of Vomiting and Purging with Aloe 't will be requisit to exhibit Stomachical Mixtures of the Essence of Zedoary Spirit of Mastic Elixyr Proprietatis prepar'd with Spirit of Sal-armoniac Essence of Wormwood c. If it be occasion'd by sharp Corrosive rusty humors 't will be needful to joyn the above mention'd Specifics with Absorbent Powders such as Seal'd Earth Crabs Eyes Coral Solar Earth and especially the Inner skin of a Hen's Breast If it take its Root from Poyson or be Accompany'd by Malignity let Alexipharmacal Ingredients be added In Feavers Antimonial Nitre given to a dram is of Noted Efficacy If sudden Cold or Drinking of Cold Liquors immediatly after heat gave being to the Disease 't will be proper to Bathe in the Decoction of Nervous Plants ART III. Of the Night Mare THE Night-Mare is either Accidental or Habitual The former is occasion'd by the Distention of the Stomac with Wind or Crudities and prevails when Persons are asleep and lye upon their Backs For then the Stomac dilated presses the Middriff and Muscles of the Bread most and so incumbers the descent of the one and dilatation of the other which are necessary for Inspiration Thus the Blood stagnats in the Lungs and the Person is not able to speak or breathe freely but fancies himself press'd by some particular Object The Habitual is occasion'd by some Acid Lymph that disorders the Spirits and Creates a Paralytic or Convulsive Disposition of the Nerves of the Middriff and Muscles of the Breast which by consent Cramp those of the Wind Pipe whose Contraction raises a sense of strangling and abolishes the Power of an Articulat Voice Hypochondiac and Scorbutic Persons are most subject to this habitual sort which is frequently attended by red spots in the skin and seems to be near a-kin to an Epilepsy Sometimes 't is the effect of Worms
and equally attacks the Patient both by Night and by Day The Symptoms are a Difficult Respiration for the most part in the time of sleep an imagination of something heavy pressing the Breast a querulous inarticulat Noise an inability to move and after the Person is awake and the Paroxysm over a weariness of the Limbs Anxiety of the Breast and Palpitation of the Heart If it be Habitual and come by day and be follow'd by a Trembling Swooning and Cold sweats 't is very dangerous and Prognosticats Convulsions to young Persons and Apoplexies to the Old The cure consists in Evacuating the Stomac regulating the Diet avoiding sleep soon after eating and obviating Convulsions First let Vomits be exhibited Or if that cannot conveniently be done Purge with the Extract of black Hellebor sweet Mercury and Extract of Troches Alhandal mix'd with Oyl of Amber or with the Pills call'd Aloephanginae and Elixyr Proprietatis If Wind disturb the first Passages inject a Carminative Clyster Then exhibit the Oyl of Aniseed and Spirit of Sal-armoniac or Venice Treacle and Piony Water over Night In a word all Epileptic Specifics are proper In the Paroxysm it self if Vomits are inconvenient give the following Mixture Take of Hyssop Water two ounces Mint Water one ounce Cinnamon Water half an ounce Spirit of Sal-armoniac two Drams Syrup of Tobacco an ounce Mix and give it by spoonfuls CHAP. III. Of Disorders relating to Exspiration ART I. Of Immoderat Sneezing SNeezing is a Convulsive motion of the Middriff Muscles of the Belly and those of the Breast occasion'd by tickling the inward Membran of the Nostrils In this Convulsion the Middriff ascends into the Breast and the Muscles of the Belly and those of the Breast straiten their Capacities and so cause an impetuous Exspiration The Irritation is convey'd from the Nostriâ—â— to these Muscles by means of the Intercostal Nerves which Correspond immediatly with those of the third and fourth pair and the effect of it is that the Middriff is first Contracted and Pull'd downwards to give way to a large Inspiration upon which it rebounds up with Force and Violence The Remote Causes of Sneezing are Various according to the sensibleness of the Membran for some who by the frequent use of snush have procur'd a plentiful descent of Rheum into the Nostrils are not so easily mov'd In General all sharp things from without nay or a sharp acid Lymph from within and sometimes the Injoyment of Women will cause it The matter that is evacuated by sneezing proceeds chiefly from the Nostrils and Palate and adjacent Glandules and secondarily from the Breast Wind Pipe and Lungs If sneezing be violent and frequent it discovers great disorder among the Spirits 'T is hurtful to the Eyes promotes the terms and encourages the pains of Child-birth 'T is cur'd by applying Laudanum or the Oyl of Roses with Opium to the Nostrils and giving Narcotics inwardly If it proceed from sharp External Objects let sweet Milk or the mucilage of Quince and Fleawort seeds or the Infusion of Fennel and Aniseeds in Vinegar be injected into the Nose ART II. Of Disorders of the Voice THE Voice is the sound of the Air expell'd by the Wind Pipe and consequently differs from Speech which is form'd by the Tongue The first disorder 't is Obnoxious to is that of a Total Abolition which may arise from three sources 1. When the Muscles of the Wind Pipe are Paralytic and do not squeese out the Air as if a redundancy of moisture over-charge 'em or if the Recurrent Nerves are Cut or if an Apoplectic disorder sieze the Spirits 2. When the Muscles and Nerves of the Wind Pipe are Contracted by Convulsions so that they hinder the Passage of the Air. Thus the small Pox a recent Clap and Worms have been observ'd for its Authors 3. When the Spirits are suddenly disorder'd by Fear or Violent Passion If a want of Voice Accompany an Apoplexy or malignant Feavers or the Hickets 't is an ill Omen If follow'd by a Looseness to which stammering Persons are Obnoxious it generally disappears For Cure The Irritation must be appeas'd The Palsy remov'd Or the prevailing humidity dispell'd For which end the Spirit of Sal-armoniac Distill'd with Oyl of Amber and Essence of Castor the Spirit of Wine impregnated with Lavender Flowers the Sudorific Decoctions of Woods and Chewing Medicines are proper as also Blooding in some Cases Externally we apply Bags of Aromatic Ingredients sprinkled with Spirit of Wine or that of Ants Venice Treacle or Balsam of Peru mix'd with the Essence of Castor and the Oyls by Decoction of Amber Lavender Spike c. Or the mouth may be Gargled as follows Take of Sage and Rosemary Leaves of each a handful Rocket and Mustard seeds of each a dram Boyl them in a Close Vessel To a Pound of the strain'd Decoction add of the Spirit of Black Cherries and Spirit of Sal-armoniac of each a dram Hony of Rosemary Flowers a dram Mix for a Gargarism The second disorder of the Voice is a Hoarseness occasion'd by a prevailing moisture in the Wind Pipe separated by the Glandules inserted into it and the Glandulous Membran that lines it within A Recent Hoarseness supposes a thin humor but the Inveterat argues it thick and slimy The Remote Causes are either External or Internal The former are acid Fumes sharp Liquors much speaking or whatever Irritats the Wind Pipe and Promotes the Constriction of its Glandules The latter are the Prevalency of a sharp tickling serum in its Glandules as in the Scurvy French Pox and a Cough the stuffing of the Nose and the Indisposition of the Lungs If a Hoarseness be Inveterat and Spring from Internal Causes 't is very dangerous The Cure is vary'd according to the Consistence of the Peccant Lymph If it be thin and sharp it discovers it self by its manner of tickling and the thinness of what is cast up And requires tempering thickening Pacific Medicines Purgatives being first premis'd if there be occasion Such are the Syrup of Poppies or Diacodium Liquorice the Juice of Rapes Raisins Sperma Ceti given to a dram in a warm Vehicle the mucilage of Marshmallow Roots the Oyl of Sugar the Balsam and Flowers of Sulphur Myrrh and especially the Syrup of Jujubes As Take of the Syrup of white Poppies six drams Syrups of Violets Liquorice and Jujubes of each half an ounce Rob of Mulberries three drams Make a licking mixture Or Take of the Juice of Liquorice two drams Myrrh a dram Tragacanth a Scruple Clarify'd Sugar two ounces With Rose Water Make Tablets to be gradually melted in the mouth If the Hoarseness be Inveterat and the Eymph become Thick and Crusty Bleeding is Pernicious but Attenuating Ingredients are proper Such are Hedg-mustard or its seed form'd into an Electuary with the Pulp of Corants The Balsam of Sulphur with the Powder of Cuckowpint Roots the Spirit of Sal-armoniac Cubebs the thicken'd Juice of Coleworts Oxymel of Squills and an
the Disease In order to solve this difficult knot let us consider in the first place that Nature is forc'd to these Evacuations by the sharpness of the humors which ought to be corrected by temperat Medicines in the next place that if they exceed in quantity they may be safely curb'd or if deficient in quantity may be gently incourag'd If the quality of the matter be faulty that is if such things are evacuated as ought not to be 't is allowable to stop it according to Hipp. Sect. 2. Aph. 2. If both quantity and quality be faultless and the evacuation charg'd with no Crime but that of its being ill tim'd it may nevertheless prove Critical Blood-letting is frequently injoyn'd in Feavers but oft-times it do's more harm than good The general Plea for it is that it ventilats and cools the Blood whereas on the contrary the more space be given to the Blood to boyl in the higher it boyls In intermitting Feavers I positively aver that 't is noxious in malignant Feavers 't is next door to cutting the Patient's Throat And as touching the continual burning Feavers it ought to be very cautiously gone about by reason of a latent malignity that oft-times attends them If the Patient be plethoric young and lusty if a Vomit could not conveniently be exhibited in the beginning of the Feaver if any wonted evacuation of Blood be stop'd and such other circumstances indicate Blood-letting 't is well But however it be 't is never safe after the third or fourth Day As for evacuating Remedies Hippocrates's Aphorism is a standing Rule namely that Concocted not crude humors ought to be evacuated So proper Purgatives are inconvenient till after the height of the distemper Indeed gentle lenitives that do not reach further than the first ways may be mix'd with digestive Salts and exhibited in the beginning or progress avoiding the time of the Crisis Vomits are proper in all kinds of Feavers especially if there be any inclination to Vomit sour Belchings murmuring noise in the Guts Head-ach or Giddiness They ought to be Administred only in the beginning of acute Feavers In the progress of slow Feavers they may likewise be given Clysters are proper for mitigating the Heat and redressing the disorders of the Head and Guts But upon the point of Critical Evacuations or Eruptions they are altogether improper Sweating Medicines are authoris'd by Nature's Example They ought to be frequently repeated and that not only after signs of Concoction but during the whole course of the disease especially if it be malignant Such of 'em as are sharp aromatic rosinous oyly or Hot are to be avoided and those which are temperat as the fix'd absorbents and the thin volatils are only proper for this purpose If sweat do not easily insue add Opiats to them Which are never to be us'd without a sudorific mixture nor about the time of the Crisis nor in the very first beginning of the disease In Feavers Sugar and sweet things ought to be avoided by reason that they promote the Fermentation Thirst generally attends Feavers and proceeds from the deficiency of Spittle and from Alcalin Salts lodg'd in the Palat. 'T is a vulgar Error to derive it from Heat for a few drops of Spirit of Sulphur are more efficatious in quenching it than a whole Gallon of Water or cooling Liquors Wine is likewise of noted efficacy for quenching Thirst corroberating the Stomac and Spirits and promoting Urine But it ought to be of a sharp thin Body for the sweet fat Wines from Spain Florence c. are hurtful Hippocrates was wont to exhibit Wine in all Feavers at least in intermitting and malignant Feavers 't is of soveraign use In continual burning Feavers what disorders it may occasion are presently visible and yield to absorbent Powders for 't is not the hot Spirit but the Acid of the Wine that can do the least harm nor that neither but only in some particular Constitutions Ale or Beer is not agreeable to feaverish Persons because the digestive faculty of the Stomac being languid it corrupts and causes bitter musty Belchings Waters and thin Liquors mix'd with Acids are preferable As Take of the Flowers of red Roses two handfuls extract a Tincture from them with Water sharpen'd with Spirit of Sulphur then add the Syrrup of the Juice of Gitrons or of Barberries or of Rasberries and make a Julep Or Take three Citrons slic'd and throw upon 'em white Sugar Then Boyl them in common Water Take of this Liquor strain'd a Pound and half fresh juice of Citrons three Ounces Flowers of Roses and of red Poppies of each a handful with a small quantity of dulcify'd Spirit of Salt Let them stand in a warm infusion in order to extract a Tincture In continual Feavers let the Patient drink at pleasure But the Liquor must not be cold nor much of it drunk at once In intermitting Feavers these Acid potions ought not to be Administred till after the cold Fit The Spirit of Sulphur with common Water is a proper Liquor both for quenching thirst and promoting sweat Or Take of Whey two Pound Citron Juice three Ounces Dasies and red Poppy Flowers of each an Ounce and a half Boyl in a close Vessel till the Tincture be extracted The Citron Juice depurates the Whey It is useful in all continual Feavers and qualifies Scorbutic or Hypochondriac Salts As for Diet. They ought to avoid Meat Fishes and Summer Fruits In a word let them eat but a little and as their Appetit requires What they eat must be thin and watry but never forc'd upon ' em Broth Panado's a Tost in Wine or at most poach'd Eggs are their proper food Quiet and Rest are good Signs and sleep if it be not preternatural composes the Spirits and procures Sweat CHAP. II. Of Intermitting Feavers A Feaver is styl'd Intermitting when the fermentation and agitation of the Blood and Spirits is interrupted and after a certain interval of time revives again If it return with equal force every Day 't is call'd Quotidian If it return every other Day leaving an interval of one intire Day 't is a Tertian if the interval consist of two Days 't is a Quartan Some return after three Days some after four five c. Some every Week some every Month and some every Year but these are very unfrequent If the fit return twice or thrice in one Day 't is call'd a double or treble Quotidian If two Paroxisms happen every other Day or if the intermitting Days of Tertians have likewise Paroxysms corresponding to one another 't is a double Tertian If two Fits come in the Fir Days and but one in the Intermitting 't is a treble Tertian If the Fits return every Day so as that the first for duration and other Symptoms is parallel to the fourth the second to the fifth third to the sixth c. 't is a treble Quartan If the Feaver intermit only every third Day 't is a double Quartan 'T is
crouded into the Stomach while its Mouth is stubborn and not easily mov'd to vomiting as in Hypocondriac and the like cases In scorbutic Feavers attended by convulsive Pains of the Belly or Loins those made of Milk Sugar Hony and the Yelk of an Egg are very useful In Hypochondriac and Histeric Fevers the same Clysters are given or mix'd with Turpentin The carminative and gentle Abstersive Clysters are as follows Take of the carminative and emollient Ingredients of each a handful Salt of Pot-ashes two or three Drams Dross of Regulus Antimonii a Dram Boil in a sufficient quantity of Water To eight Ounces of the strain'd Liquor add Electuary of Bay-Berries one Ounce distill'd Oyl of Turpentin a Scruple Or Take of the carminative or emollient Ingredients two handfuls Salt of Tartar a Dram or two Boyl them in Water To nine Ounces of the strain'd Liquor add of Electuary of Bayberries one Ounce distill'd Oyl of Amber half a Scruple and the Yelk of one Egg. Make a Clyster Take of Chamomil Flowers two handfuls Juniper-Berries one Ounce Aniseeds half an Ounce boil them in equal quantities of Water and Human Urine To eight Ounces of the Decoction strain'd add of lenitive Electuary one Ounce distill'd Oyl of Juniper Berries a Scruple Make a Clyster Take of Roman Chamomil one handful Bay-leaves and Elder-Flowers of each half a handful Angelica and Lovage Roots and Aniseeds of each six Drams boil them in Water To nine Ounces of the Decoction strain'd add Electuary of Bay-Berries and lenitive Electuary of each six Drams Antimonial Nitre a Scruple distill'd Oyl of Angelica Oyl of Bayberries and Oyl of Rue of each four grains with the Yelk of one Egg make a Clyster Take of Bay-Leaves and Elder-Flowers of each half a handful Chamomil-Flowers one handful Lovage Roots six drams Fenugrec Seeds half an Ounce Boil them in Water and Humane Urine Strain the Decoction and add to nine Ounces of it Electuary of Hiera with Agaric six Drams Electuary of Bay-berries three Drams distill'd Oyl of Angelica Caraways and Rue of each four drops Make a Clyster Take of the Leaves of Wormwood and Carduus Benedictus of each a handful Roots of Elecampane one Ounce Lovage Roots six Drams Juniper Berries one Ounce Salt of Tartar a Dram boil them in Whey And to eight Ounces of the strain'd Decoction add Electuary of Hiera with Agaric one Ounce Hony of Roses six Drams Sal Gem a Dram and a half Mix for a Clyster Take of Chamomil Flowers two handfuls Mint one handful Juniper Berries an Ounce boil them in Water and Human Urine and inject the warm Decoction In scorbutic Feavers the Clysters must be compos'd of Milk as take of Goats or Cows Milk from nine Ounces to a Pound Hony of Roses Hony of Rue of each an Ounce or an Ounce and a half and two Yelks of Eggs. Make a Clyster for two Injections This and all other Clysters ought always to be injected about an Hour or two before the Paroxysm VI. These general evacuations can never compass the cure unless follow'd by Diaphoretics 'T is true sweating Medicines ought not to be exhibited till after Vomiting c. But the Feaver is not right cur'd if they be totally omitted or Sweats do not insue 'T is true Hot sharp Aromatics are justly avoided but the saline Febrifuga's must not be neglected VII The sick Person must take care to have an empty Stomac when the fit comes VIII Diaphoretic Medicines are not to be given in the Paroxysm but an Hour or two before it in order to promote sweating in the end of the Fit for if that be wanting the Person is seiz'd with the Head-ach But withal 't is an improper way to procure Sweat by a heavy load of Coverings IX The Physician must observe nicely if a Tertian partakes of malignity If the Tongue be rough and black and the Person seiz'd with a sudden Weakness 't is a shroud evidence of a malignant Tertian In this case Emulsions of Citron Seeds with Alexipharmacal Medicines joyn'd to Febrifuga's are proper X. Spirit of Sal-Armoniac is an infallible comforter either in the Cold or Hot Fit In Scorbutic Feavers 't is of soevereign use if mix'd with Spirit of Scurvy-grass It may be given before the Paroxysm or on the intermitting Day Take of Spirit of Sal-armoniac a dram Essence of Opium fifteen drops Mix for one Dose to be taken immediatly before the Paroxyism Take of Spirit of Sal-armoniac three drams Spirit of Harts-horn succinated a dram dose thirty or forty drops Take Water of Carduus Benedictus an ounce Spirit of Sal-armoniac half a dram or a dram Laudanum Opiatum two grains Syrup of Carduus Benedictus half an ounce mix for a Potion before the Paroxysm Take of Mint Water one ounce Spirit of Salarmoniac half a dram Diaphoretic Antimony a scruple Distill'd Oyl of Cloves or of Amber two drops Syrup of Orange peel two drams mix as above If the cold Fit be very troublesome add a grain of Laudanum Opiatum In Scorbutic Feavers add Spirit of Scurvy-grass Take of Mint Water two ounces Cinnamom Water two drams Spirit of Sal-armoniac a dram Diaphoretic Antimony sixteen grains Syrup of Betony two drams mix as above Take of purify'd Sal-armoniac a scruple Antihectcum Poterii twelve or fifteen grains distill'd Oyl of Cloves two drops make a Powder to be taken before the accession of the Fit Take of Sal-armoniac fifteen grains prepar'd Crabs Eyes half a Scruple Laudamim Opiatum one grain make a Powder and use as above Take of Antiscorbutic Water and Water of Carduus Benedictus of each an ounce and a half Spirit of Scurvy-grass or Spirit of Sal-armoniac a dram prepar'd Crabs Eyes and Strobelbergerus his specific against Feavers of each a scruple Laudanum Opiatum two grains Forestus's Syrup of Scelotyrbium an ounce Mix c. XI When the cold Fit is extreamly violent the use of Spirit of Sal-armoniac may be confin'd to the intermitting Days and the fix'd Alcali Salts exhibited on the Fit Days As Take of Red Coral prepar'd Salt of Wormwood of each fifteen grains Laudanum Opiatum a grain distill'd Oyl of Cloves or of Juniper Berries two drops Make a Powder to be given in a warm Vehicle about an Hour or two before the Paroxysm in order to procure Sweat Or Take of Salt of Wormwood a scruple Volatil Salt of Harts-horn five grains Laudanum Opiatum two grains Make a Powder as above Or Take of Salt of Wormwood fifteen grains Volatil Salt of Harts-horn three grains prepar'd red Coral half a scruple Distill'd Oyl of Cloves two drops Make a Powder c. Take of Salt of Wormwood two scruples prepar'd Crabs Eyes half a dram Diaphoretic Antimony half a scruple Mix for three Doses to be exhibited before a Quartan Paroxysm Take of red Coral prepar'd Salt of Wormwood of each a Scruple Fulminating Gold six Grains Make a Powder Take of Harts horn prepar'd without Fire two Scruples Salt of Carduus Benedictus Salt of
from the preâ—ernatural fermentation of the Blood If a Continual Acute Feaver be attended by a Consumption or colliquation of the fat oily parts of the Body and a tendency to a Marasmus 't is call'd a Melting Feaver These oily far nutritious juices are voided either by stool in the form of stinking Excrements or by a cool glutinous Sweat or by copious quantities of Urine whose surface is cover'd with far or by falling into the cavity of the Belly or upon the Feet after a Hydropic manner The Causes of melting Feavers are the thin open texture of the nutritious juice and fat occasion'd by the want of a fixing congealing Acid The Acrimony of the Bile which sharpens and whets the Chyle and qualifies it for unlocking the Body of the nutritious and fat Juices the vehemence of dissolving Heat and the Caustic penetrating sharpness of the febrile ferment The remote causes are the epidemical Constitutions of the Air the immoderat use of Brandy or spiritous Liquors which over-whet the oily volatil Salt of the Choler the over-frequent smoaking of Tobacco and drinking cold Water after a violent heat The Scurvy and Cancer in the Breasts are oft-times listed into the number of the Causes These melting Feavers ought to be heedfully distinguish'd from that profluence of Sweat which proceeds from the deficiency of the Spirits the unbending of the Fibres and flagging of the looser parts as in swoonings c. Some continual burning Feavers are call'd Delirious when the Spirits move irregularly in the Brain causing doating insusterable Head-aches stubborn watching and sometimes Convulsions The cause is partly the heat of the Brain and Spirits occasion'd by the violent fermentations of the Blood and partly the malignity of the febrile ferment which debauches the quality of the Spirits and galls the membranous nervous parts If the malignant ferment break out in Pushes and Whelks in the Face Mouth or Head the Feaver is call'd Pemphygodes If the Person sweat copiously the first day of the Feavers invasion but without any ease or benefit 't is call'd Elodes If the Person be disquieted and toss in Bed 't is call'd Assodes This last symptom may be caus'd by weakness notable malignity vehement heat impetuosity of the Spirits and especially by vicious Humours disturbing the mouth of the Stomac If the Person be molested with a Hiccough which always proceeds from the Stomac 't is call'd Lyngodes If shivering and shaking attend the whole progress of the Feaver as it oft-times does in the suppurations of internal Ulcers and compound continual Feavers 't is call'd Phricodes Of all the compound continual or continual periodical Feavers that call'd Semitertiana is most worthy our regard 'T is generally look'd upon to be compos'd of a Tertian and Quotidian one of which is a Compound Continual and the other an intermitting Feaver Authors give several varying accounts of the periods of this Feaver but however 't is foâ— the most part cast into this form viz. A Continual Feaver seizes the Patient and periodical shiverings follow'd by a notable heat Observe the order of a Tertian and gentle shiverings succeeded by a meeker heat follow a Quotidian period The signs of Acute Feavers are manifest A notable Heat and Thirst always attends a burning Feaver 'T is usher'd in by a weariness of the Body and perturbation of the Head for some days then by a chilness and shivering which intimats that the volatil oily Particles have not yet obtain'd the ascendant over the Acid. Afterwards a notable heat succeeds the Pulse is frequent and accelerated and if the Salts of the Blood are equally match'd 't is large and equal if it be small or unequal it bespeaks malignity If the Salts of the Blood are very sharp and exalted a biting vehement heat molests the whole Body if they are temperat the heat is milder The Urine at first is thick red and dark in progress of time it discovers a Cloud on the top and upon the Crisis a copious sediment at bottom If at the height of the Disease the Urin be thin 't is a fatal sign If at first it appear thick and dark and afterwards degenerate into a thin consistence it portends unquietness doating and frequently Death But for making a due estimat of the Urine we ought to have a particular regard to the Constitution of the Patient For the Urine of those whose Blood is copiously temper'd with lymph and nutritious juice is never so high tinctur'd nor so thin as that of Bilious scorburic or Phthisical Persons Nor can those who sweat much void such large quantities of Urin and sediment as others The Spittle is glutinous and scanty attended by intolerable thirst watchings Head-aches c. Acute Feavers come regularly to a Crisis in hot Climats but in these Countries where we are wont to anticipate Nature by alterative Diaphoretic and absorbent Medicins they are not quite so regular Sometimes they spend themselves by gradual solutions by Urine Night-Sweats or Salivation As for the Prognostics of acute Feavers a sudden unaccountable Lightning or ease is a mortal sign If the Symptoms are extream high the Breast disturb'd and the Stomac queasy or molested with a gnawing Pain if in the beginning of the Disease a looseness happen attended by a notable prostration of strength and a 〈◊〉 corruption of the excrements in a word if any signs of malignity appear 't is a dangerous case Vomiting is a good sign If the Patient be somewhat benefited and not overweaken'd by a looseness 't is not so very dangerous Sometimes a melting Sweat in which red Sand-like matter is voided and found in the Bed may perform the Cure White Pale crude Urine is always a bad Omen The more reddish it appears at first the sooner the Disease comes to its height The Feavers that are occasioned by evident causes are more favourable than those whose cause is invisible If strength decay apace without any notable Evacuation Death is at hand If the Tongue be moist and of a natural red Colour all is well but if it be rough Dry Black Livid Slimy or Chop'd 't is in a bad Condition The swelling of the Face bespeaks the length of the Disease If the signs of Concoction appear the fourth Day the Feaver disappears the seventh if they are put off till the seventh the eleventh Concludes the matter The Crisis of the Feaver signifies the Period in which the useless and noxious parts are separated and expell'd sometimes by Ulcers in the Lips and Nostrils where the Skin is thin and Blood Vessels abound sometimes by a 〈◊〉 diffâ—sâ—d over the Body by Urine Sweating Salivation c. In â—ot Climats the Disease is sometimes Cur'd by Bleedings at Nose or other places The Bleeding at Nose is for the most part preceded by a tingling of the Ears If this Crisis be imperfect or disturb'd by an indiscreet use of absorbent fixing Medicines 't is follow'd by insufferable pains of the Stomac Guts or Joints and sometimes Palsies If a Physician
to evacuat it by convenient Passages The first is accounted for by Opiats the second by Volatil Alcalin Salts absorbent temperat and thickening Medicins as the fix'd preparations of Antimony Poterius's Antihectic Flowers of Sulphur prepar'd Amber Oyl of Amber Spirit of Mother of Thyme Decoction of Sassafras Myrrh Camphyr volatil Salt of Harts-horn Spirit and volatil Salt of Human Blood c. The third Design is compass'd by diaphoretic diuretic and expectorating and when the Lymph is well concocted by sneezing and chewing Medicins Take of Fennel-Water and Water of red Poppy-flowers of each an Ounce and a half Spirit of Harts-horn impregnated with Amber a Dram and a half Essence of Opium Jaw-bone of a Pike of each half a Dram Syrup of the Flowers of red Poppies half an Ounce or six Drams Mix them for a Julep of which exhibit a spoonful every Hour towards Evening Take of the Spirit of Sal-Armoniac annisated or of the Essence of Amber two Drams Essence of Opium half a Dram. Mix 'em and exhibit forty or fifty drops some Hours before the periodical exasperation and reiterate the same Dose at Night Take of prepar'd Amber half a Scruple choice Myrrh five grains volatil Salt of Amber four grains Extract of Saffron two grains Laudanum Opiatum one grain distill'd Oyl of Amber one drop Mix for a Powder to be exhibited in like manner If the Lymph be saltish Liquorice Figgs Jujubes Barly emulsions of Poppy-Seeds Opiats Pills of Storax and such like are proper If hoarsness and a difficulty of speech prevail give what follows Take of Mint-Water two Ounces Cinnamon-water half an Ounce Spirit of Sal-Armoniac anisated a Dram Laudanum Opiatum three grains Syrup of Raisins six Drams Mix and give a spoonful now and then If the Wind-pipe Gullet and Throat be excoriated Syrup of Diacodium Loh of Raisins and licking Medecins are proper If a dry Cough molest the Patient let thickning and pacific Remedies be us'd As Take of the Water of wild Thyme Water of Carduus Benedictus of each an Ounce Spirit of Treacle camphoris'd Essence of Sassafras of each two Drams Spirit of Harts-horn succinated a Dram Syrup of white Poppies half an Ounce Mix them and administer a spoonful frequently in the Evening This method if insisted on together with the continued use of the Decoction of Sassafras will in time conquer the Feaver After the Feaver is abated and the Spirits reduc'd to order let the Body be loosen'd by Queretanus's Pills of Ammoniac or Crato's Pills of Amber Or Take of Crato's Pills of Amber a scruple volatil Salt of Amber six grains Rosin of Jalap three grains extract of Troches Alhandal one grain distill'd Oyl of Amber two drops with Essence of Sassafras make Pills In order to evacuate the prepar'd Lymph give forty or fifty drops of the Liquor of Terra Foliata Tartari twice a day which is a proper Diuretic or express'd Juice of Radishes with Sugar which attenuats the Phlegm or the following expectorating mixture Take of Hyssop-water two Ounces Asthmatic-water half an Ounce Spirit of purifi'd Gum Ammoniac two Drams Syrup of Tobacco four or six Drams Sala's emetic Syrup a dram Mix c. In the beginning while the Cough is yet dry temperat thickening Medicins are requir'd but afterwards when the Cough brings up large quantities of viscous Matter let cutting expectorating Remedies be us'd If the Phlegm be notably tough and thick let Oyl of Amber be appli'd to the Nostrils or let the Person smell frequently of Spirit of Sal-Armoniac or that of Urine or of Harts-horn In the last extremity let the Powder of black Helebor and white Sugar with distill'd Oyl of Cloves be thrown into the Nostrils If the pain of the Head be violent anoint the Crown with Oyl of Amber or Balsam of Peru or apply the Plaister of Bettony soften'd with Oyl of Amber After the Disease is in good measure subdu'd the following Decoction is of excellent use for purifying the Blood correcting the sharpness of the Lymph fortifying the Lungs and preventing a Phthisic Take of the shavings of red Saunders one Ounce shavings of Sassafras half an Ounce steep them in seven pound of Water for the space of twelve Hours then boil them till a pound and a half be consum'd and add of the Leaves of Ground Ivy Leaves of Speed-well Flowers of St. John's Wort of each two handfuls Liquorice Roots half an Ounce Fennel-Seeds six drams bruis'd Currans three Ounces Boil the Liquor into four Pounds strain it and exhibit a large draught warm Morning and Evening ART 2. Of Feavers proceeding from the Lymph of Conglomerat Glandules or such as are roll'd into a heap THE conglomerat Glandules deposit their juice into cavities from whence 't is convey'd to the Blood The chief of 'em are the Sweet-bread and those behind the Ears The former waters the Guts the latter the Mouth If their Serum be viscous or over saline it occasions a slow sort of a Feaver All slow Feavers are periodical as being exasperated either in the Evening after the method of Quotidians or after eating in the form of Hectic Feavers Those which are independent of any other Disease are call'd Primary And those which follow the Corruption of any inward part or the mismanagement of a preceding Disease are stil'd Symptomatical Tho' the last approach very near to the primary form Of independent slow Feavers They are usher'd in by a gentle shivering which continues for some time and is follow'd by a mild Heat somewhat sharper in the extream parts The Appetit is dejected and after eating the Stomach and Guts are distended and opprest with a heavy pain Towards the Evening or after Meals they increase their force at which time the Pulse is frequent and not very large If the Spittle be notably viscous the Mouth and Throat are cover'd with slime and the Person molested with Thirst If the Juice of the Sweet-bread be likewise over viscid or saline anxiety invades the Breast and griping shooting pains beset the Belly the Pulse is frequent and swift and in some measure weak and small The Urine at first is high colour'd afterwards it becomes muddy and drops a sediment The Joints are seiz'd with a weariness and shooting pains and sometimes the Head with a dull heavy ache If the Lymph be simply saline the symptoms are fiercer if it be likewise viscid and tough they are weaker but continue longer The slow Feavers differ from acute ones in this that the cause of the latter is a volatil sharp Acid which in the former is invelop'd with a viscous tenacious Vehicle The Original cause is a vicious Digestion rendring the Chyle viscid or tending to a sort of acid saline taste If the Evening Paroxysms are long the Strength and Appetit much impair'd 't is a dangerous circumstance The most favourable sort if not cautiously taken care of terminates in Cachexies or Hectic Feavers These Feavers are cur'd by retrieving the lost Digestion in the Stomac
malignant as the Itch c. and e contra Oft-times it lies latent in the Body for three or four days 'till the Season of exhibiting Antidotes be over upon which account a Physician ought to be very watchful in the Beginnings of Feavers The Symptoms which lead us to the discovery of a latent Malignity are these following a sudden prostration of strength and the Appetit dejected while the other Functions are regularly perform'd stubborn Watchings without any anxiety if the Head be only affected but if the Stomac and Breast be disorder'd they are attended with a great perplexity tossing to and again sometimes the whole Body sometimes only an Arm or a Leg to which symptom Deliriums and Convulsions frequently succeed The Urine resembles that of healthy Persons or if by vertue of Medicines or otherwise it happens to thicken yet it still continues transparent and has little or no sediment unless it be a yellowish Clot of Chyle voided along with it The Pulse is at first in seeming good order of a sudden it becomes weak small oft-times hard and towards the height of the Feaver unequal At first a gentle shivering may usher in the Feaver to which succeeds a very moderat heat externally tho' in the mean while they are burnt up within which is a fatal sign of internal Inflammations And notwithstanding the moderation of the Heat an unquenchable thirst molests 'em and their Tongue is dry and rough Or if on the contrary they be extream hot and withal insensible of thirst 't is likewise a sign of malignity These are the most common Symptoms Sometimes the Feaver is attended by violent Head-aches difficult respiration respecially upon the point of cuticular Eruptions stinking Excrements and lastly eruptions of Spotts Pushes Wheals c. According to which it undergoes several Denominations Sometimes the malignity is arriv'd at that height that the external Parts are corrupted and seiz'd with Gangreens the Person possess'd with an invincible aversion to all manner of Liquors c. Malignant Feavers admit of several Degrees The first is when the occasional sharpness and degeneracy of the febril ferment converts a benign Feaver into a malign one 2. When the ferment is not only sharp but contagious or epidemical Now the original of Contagion is an active spirituous ferment easily communicable to the Spirits and capable to propagate it self by a fermentative motion in matter fit for its purpose which in company of Spirits exhal'd from the sick Person pitch upon those whose Constitution and Pores gives the easiest admission such as the Relations of the sick Person weak People c The manner of its reaching and insinuating into such Persons is either by immediat Contact or in the Vehicle of Food Cloaths c. or that of the Air convey'd into the Lungs where it debauches the Spirits circulating that way and in passing the Mouth adulterats the Saliva which immediately affects the most sensible Orifice of the Stomac Hence the first and most dismal Scene of tragical Symptoms is laid in the Stomac 3. When the ferment is become pestilent And 4. When 't is form'd into a direct Plague The cause of Malignity assign'd by Willis is the coagulation of the Blood and that by Sylvius is a sharp volatil lixivious Alcali destroying the acid Sulphur of the Blood and consequently its consistence But the vicious fluidity of the Blood attending malignity confutes the former and the natural inactivity of Alcali's the known power of volatil Acids in extinguishing the animal Spitits and galling the nervous System and the Antidotal vertue of Alcali's both volatil and fix'd such as Camphyr Myrrh and the absorbent Powders overturns the latter Hypothesis 'T is therefore a sharp volatil Acid that causes malignity partly by dissolving the texture of the Blood and disposing it for Putrefaction and generation of Worms observable by Microscopes partly by irritating the Stomac Brain and nervous Parts and partly by extinguishing both the vital and animal Spirits That the Spirits are immediatly attack'd as well as the Blood and Humors is made to appear by the symptoms of sudden Weakness contracted Pulses Watchings Deliriums c. and by the force of imagination in propagating the Contagion Nay oft-times the Spirits are principally assaulted and the Humors only mediatly thro' their sides Now it will be of use in malignant Feavers to distinguish nicely the original trouble of the Animal Spirits and nervous System from that of the vital Spirits and Mass of Blood The Symptoms of the former are an unquenchable Thirst a rough and dry Tongue a quick and small Pulse attended by a moderat Heat anxiety and unquietness proceeding from the Stomac a melting looseness the rotten smell of Excrements and the thin fluid consistence of the Blood Those of the latter are a violent heat of the Forehead the hardness of the Pulse without the trouble of any membrane in the Body or a laudable Pulse attended by extream weakness the prostration of the Appetit squeamishness vomiting stubborn watchings without any visible Cause the dryness or roughness of the Skin and the unaccountable thickness and crudity of the Urin. The Remote Causes of Epidemical Malignity are approaching to corrupted things as Dead Carcases c. The Salt Subternanean Fumes Earth-quakes a preceding famine eating of corrupt Food as of putrify'd Summer Fruits and drinking Rotten Water c. Inwardly the prevalent acidity of the Juice of the Pancreas may so exalt the Bile to a rusty sharp quality that it becomes malignant Thus Benign Feavers frequently degenerat into malign ones and Scorbutic or Hypocondriac Persons who are stuff'd with a fix'd Acid are not so much oppress'd with malignity or a Volatil Acid as others The prognostics of malignant Feavers are very uncertain and fallacious A large and equal Pulse is a good sign A quick and small creeping Pulse is a bad sign as also an unequal Pulse tho' neither the inequality nor intermission nor smallness are so fatal in malignant as in Benign Feavers If Doating continue after sleeping and be not attended by Sweats if the Eye represent false Colours of Objects if the Urine after apparent Concoction become Crude again if it stink if it appear Fat Oily black or livid with a blackish Sediment If a Looseness happen especially after eruptions upon the Skin if the Excrements or Urine are Bloody If the Excrements Serum or Blood send forth a heavy Smell if a redness of the Face Heat and Watchings be attended by a dropping at the Nose if the Tendons start if a tickling or pricking Pain invade the Palms of the Hands if the Person attempts to catch Flies or pick the Bed-Cloaths if any of these Symptoms appear they threaten Convulsions or Death Deafness tho' it be look'd upon as a dismal Symptom in the beginning of acute Feavers meets with a favourable construction about the height of Malignant Feavers The Eruption of Bubo's and swellings of the Glandules frequently infer the solution of the Disease The Cure is
Stomac or Abdomen Vomits are also proper Hysteric causes require Zedoary Castor volatil Salts and other Hysteric Remedies Externally the same Remedies are appli'd to the Nostrils Temples Pulse Lips and pit of the Stomac The Water of Lilly of the Valley the Apoplectic Balsam Oyl of Cinnamon and that of Citrons Oyl of Amber and Oyl of Cloves are the common Specifics for that use some say that Fumigation with Amber alone is of notable efficacy If the Syncope and Lipothimia proceed from unreasonable evacuations excessive Sweating Heat Labour Fatigue Anger Joy or ungrateful smells let Acids be exhibited as also a Vomit if there be occasion The Swoonings of malignant Feavers are accounted for by exhibiting Camphyr in a small quantity mix'd with Laudanum Opiatum and other Antidots When they are occasion'd by frights excessive Bleeding or immoderat sadness spirituous oily Remedies take place and if the Paroxism is dangerous a Vein may be open'd If we fear a Syncope from an excessive flux of the terms Opiats join'd with Acids and prepar'd Coral are of excellent use For Old Persons there 's nothing equals the following Powder Viz. Take of Ambergrise or Musk eight grains which dissolve in twelve drops of Oyl of Cinnamon and half a Scruple of Oyl of Cardamums add prepar'd Pearl half a Scruple whitest Sugar-candy two ounces Make a Powder SECT XVII Of Nutrition THE eternal motion of our active Principles disturbs the repose of the solid Parts unties their Bonds and exposes 'em to decay In order to repair this their loss the Blood laden with Chyle being finish'd in the left Ventricle of the Heart sets out from thence and makes a Tour round the Body it visits every Part and measures out suitable Recruits which are strain'd thro' the Pores of the Part and nourish it by way of apposition or else ferment with the Guardian Spirits that defend the Place and being thereby coagulated and transform'd into a likeness with the Part consolidat and give occasion to its growth Thus all the Members of the Body are either augmented in our Youth or nourish'd and preserv'd from decay during the remainder of our lives Now the hindrances of a regular Nutrition are such as relate either to the deficiency or want of due Nourishment or to its redundancy or to its depravation CHAP. I. Of a Consumption and Phthisic NUtrition is deficient when the Bones Cartilages and Membranes wither and the Fat and muscular Flesh which are only capable of Consumption are accordingly consum'd If the Fat alone be melted down it amounts to no more than a leanness but if the dewy Muscles are consum'd without restoration we call it a Tabes or form'd Consumption The Causes of a Consumption relate either to the Spirits or nutritious Juice The former are the deficiency or dissipation of the Spirits the one caus'd by the vicious Crasis of Blood or Indisposition of the Brain the other by Fatigue Venery Study or Grief Those relating to the nutritious Matter are first its defect occasion'd by the scarcity or want of proper Food and consequently of Chyle The obstruction of the Vasa lactea the Schirrous Tumors of the Pylorus or those of the Mesentery so frequently met with the compression or wounding of the Ductus of the Breast all which cut off the communication of the Chyle with the Blood Worms in the Guts sucking up the Chyle Excessive evacuations of the nutritious Juice either in Company with the Blood in excessive Bleedings or otherwise by Loosenesses immoderate Sweats runnings of the Reins Whites Ulcers and excessive Venery The second cause relating to the Nutritious Juice is its depravation occasion'd either by a weak digestion in the Stomac or the saltness and viscidity of the Blood or Lymph that follows Acute or Intermitting Feavers or retains to Scorbutic and Hypocondriac Constitutions In fine the Crudities of the Stomac and degeneracy of the Blood are the common causes of a Consumption and reciprocally promote one another The former occasion a saline putrid taste in the Mouth and provoke the Lungs and Larynx to Cough as they pass after joining the Blood The latter viz. The degeneracy of the Blood renders it unfit for nourishing the Parts and is occasion'd either by the crudity of the Chyle or the Ulcer of some Bowel or external part that taints it as it passes In which last case it procures a Phthisic A Phthisic therefore is generally taken for a Consumption arising from the Ulcer of any Bowel or external part as of the Reins Liver and especially the Lungs which are most liable to be vitiated by the Air and the recrements of degenerat Blood 'T is distinguish'd from a Vomica of the Lungs by this Mark viz. That the latter is a close Ulcer inclos'd within its own Membranes and fill'd with laudable Pus whereas a phthisical Ulcer is open and voids sordid corrupt Matter Tho' a Phthisic be generally imputed to an Ulcer of the Lungs yet it may arise from the Corrugation Schirrus or any other disorder of the Lungs or Bowels that disturbs and depraves the Blood It s remote causes are the acrimony and saltness of the Blood or Lymph which is frequently owing to Crudities from the Stomac and was represented by the Ancients as a Catarrh or defluxion from the Head Wounds Bruises clotted Blood or heterogeneous Matter in the Breast Inflamations of the Lungs or Pleura ending in Suppuration the Corrosion of the small Pox corrosive steams as those of Aqua-fortis Quick-lime c. Drinking of Acid Tartarin Wines or Vinegar smoaking Tobacco irregular Passions of the Mind c. A Phthisic propagats it self by a hereditary Succession and is so very contagious that the Breath of a Phthisical Person will corrupt the Lungs of another and convey its virulency thro' the Breasts of a suckling Woman The signs of a Consumption are these a sharp Nose hollow Eyes low Temples the Laps of the Ears contracted the Fore-head dry and hard the Complexion pale and livid the Ribs and Shoulder-blades bend outward the Cartilage of the Breast is bow'd the Back-bone sharp and prominent the Belly falls low the Hips are loose or quite consum'd the Legs Arms Feet and Hands are dry the Knuckles protuberant the Nails bow'd the Skin wrinkled and flaggy the Urin is cover'd with Fat the Veins of the Body are every where apparent and the Hairs fall off Nocturnal Sweats are common to all Phthisical Persons and melting loosenesses and swellings of the Feet conclude the Tragedy If a Consumption or Phthisic proceed from an obstruction of the Glandules of the Mesentery intercepting the Chyle the Belly is swell'd and molested with a hollow heavy Pain the region of the Navel is hard and the Excrements are liquid or mix'd with Chyle If it proceed from a weak digestion or crudities from the Stomac the Symptoms observe this order viz. After much care anger drinking or some such Error in the use of the not natural things there insues a prostration of strength and
grains the Infusion of two or three drams of Hedge-Hyssop or its Conserve given to two drams Syrup of Buckthorn and the Rinds or Leaves of Elder The proper season for exhibiting Purges to Hydropic Persons is immediatly before the new Moon when the Disease of it self relents But if the Hydropic Water lodge in the Purse of the Caul or duplicat of the Peritonaeum or Vesicles of the Mesentery and not in the Cavities of the Womb Purgation is of no use And withal we ought to remark that Purgatives ought to be mix'd with Stomachical Specifics especially Wormwood and not too often repeated by reason that they melt down the laudable Humors as well as the bad and so indirectly strengthen the Disease especially if they do not operat quickly after Administration If the Hydropic Person Vomit easily or be molested with a shortness of Breath Vomits are useful But they ought to be given in large Doses otherwise they do not Operate Opiats in general are pernicious tho' in some singular Instances they may pacify the Spirits appease the irritated Fibres of the Kidneys and so indirectly promote an Evacuation by Urine Diuretics are the choicest evacuating Remedies But they ought not to be exhibited till after the use of Laxative attenuating and opening Ingredients nor us'd without the addition of Chalybeat or Corroborating Medicines Asarum Wormwood Elecampane and Gentian lead the Van. The Juice or Infusion of Celandin the greater is a celebrated Specific to which we may add the Decoction of Swallow-wort in Wine or its Extract it being peculiarly calculated for such Dropsies as proceed from Scrophulous tumors in the Mesentery Hore-hound is much recommended against a Hydropical Jaundice The Infusion Decoction or Juice of Garlic is a powerful Diuretic as also Turmerick and Madder The Decoction Infusion Spirit and Rob of Juniper Wood and Berries are of excellent use and seem to claim a Preference before the Decoctions of Guajacum and Sassafras The Juice of the Herb Kali given to half a dram is much applauded but it ought not to be taken above three Days in a Week for fear of over doing In those Dropsies which approach to Anasarca's fix'd Salts are of good use and perhaps preferable to other Diuretics But in an Ascites 't is not improper to shift 'em for those of a volatil nitrous Character The Heads of the fix'd sort are the Lixivious Salts of Vine-Twigs Bean-stalks Juniper and Lime-tree-wood The volatil are all the volatil preparations of Tartar the Spirit and Flowers of Sal-Armoniac or Elixyr Propritatis prepar'd with it and the volatil Salt of Harts-horn Poppius bestows large Encomiums on the Spirit of Urine rectify'd with Spirit of Wine Ambergrise and Mosch and given to half a dram Morning and Evening nay Man's Urine or that of Sheep is very effectual among poor People Crollius recommends Goose-Dung given to a dram in distill'd Urine The Spirit of putrifi'd Earth-worms given to sixty drops twice or thrice a day in Wine impregnated with Juniper Berries or the Liquor that flows per deliquium from Earth-Worms putrifi'd with Moss of Earth and baken with Dough in an Oven given to a spoonful twice a day the Powder of dry'd Toads the Heads and Guts being thrown away given to a Scruple three or four times in one Day but so as to intermit three or four days before it be us'd again the Liquor which drops per deliquium from Cockle-shells coagulated with Spirit of Salt the Powder of greasie Beetles or of Hog-lice these are all approv'd for their anti-hydropic Vertue Sudorifics are not proper in an Ascites by reason that they heat and fret the Serum and dissolve the Blood so as to occasion a further effusion of Serum into the Cavities In case of an Anasarca or when the Serum stagnates in the Glandules and Bowels they are useful and ought to be given in small quantities lest a stronger force should weaken the Patient Juniper-Wood Millet-seeds and Vegetable Aromatics together with volatil Salts are the most proper Ingredients and ought to be administer'd in a liquid form Sometimes Mercurial Salivations are also of use in desperat Dropsies After the internal Remedies for evacuating the hydropical Serum we come in the next place to what assistance external Operations can afford If the Navel be much rais'd we apply aperients to it and if they do not open it we tap it with a Needle A Paracentesis is also frequently perform'd on the side of the Belly with good success But we ought to remember that in Dropsies the Peritonaeum is very thick that 't is dangerous to take out above eight or ten Ounces of Water at once that if the Disease be confirm'd and the Bowels beset with Schirrus's or already corroded by the Water and if the larger Lymphatic Vessels be broken or if the Dropsy be universal a Paracentesis is of no use Sometimes if Nature tend that way the Scrotum opens of it self or if it do not 't is artificially open'd with a Cautery or a Launce But it ought to be carefully defended by proper Preservatives from a Gangrene to which 't is very liable Slight scarrifications of the Legs are oft-times of good use but the Wounds must be gently handled and frequently fomented with the Spirit of Wine camphoris'd in order to prevent a Gangrene If Blisters rise in the Legs we apply Cole-wort Leaves to 'em nay oft-times the Leaves of Water-Plantane bruis'd and applied raise Blisters of themselves which void a great deal of Serum Blistering Plaisters are us'd with good success but they ought to be cautiously applied to the outermost Parts because they extinguish the native heat and promote a Gangrene Upon which account Caustics which fortifie the Part with an Eschara and do not attract the Humors so violently are more proper But if the Disease be confirm'd and if the Person be weak and cold then they may introduce a Gangrene or at least will only give vent to the Water under the Skin as not being able to extend their influence to the Cavities Some choose to pair the Nails of the Toes very close and tye strait Ligatures upon the Parts The former Stratagem drains the Water and the latter cuts off all further Supplies and forces the imprison'd Matter either to retire into the Lymphatic Vessels or march out by the proper Passages Having thus dispatch'd the first Indication we are arriv'd at the second which was to corroborat the Stomac and Crasis of the Blood for which end chalybeat Medicines ought to be mix'd with the above mention'd Ingredients especially to Worm-wood and Ground-Ivy which last is of excellent use both inwardly and outwardly The Salt of Wormwood coagulated with the Spirit of Salt the Tincture of Tartar Tincture of the Vitriol of Steel the Terra foliata of Tartar and the Lapis Fulminaris pounded with Alcohol of Wine and mix'd with the Powder of Snakes Cast-Coats are much applauded for the same purpose If the Fibres of the Skin be weak and relaxated it
will not be improper to Bath it with the Spirit of Wine and strong Waters as for astringent Fomentations I doubt they do more harm than good If the Vessels or Organs be broke we may add vulnerary Ingredients to the above mention'd Specifics If the difficulty of breathing be very troublesome 't is usual to give a dram of Sperma Caeti in Spanish Wine after vomiting If Hydropical Persons be extream thirsty we must be very cautious of pleasing them or answering their demands since abstinence from Drink is the better part of the Cure Nitre melted in the Mouth Wine temper'd with Juice of Citrons the dulcifi'd Spirit of Salt Vinegar diluted with Chalybeat Water and the Decoction of Juniper Berries in Whey given for ordinary drinking are of use for mitigating this Symptom In the mean while it will not be improper to inject Clysters of hydropical Purgatives and aromatic Ingredients or of Herrin-Pickle or of a Child's Urine impregnated with carminative Seeds in case of Wind or mix'd with Turpentin and Nitre Nor will it be amiss to apply discussive Aromatics to the soles of the Feet Belly and Cod. Such are the Leaves of Celandin the greater Bags quilted with aromatic Seeds and Bran Man's Ordure Goats Dung boil'd in Mint-Water or mix'd with Man's Urin in the form of a Cataplasm Horse's Dung mix'd after the same method with Meal of Barley and Vinegar Quick-lime-Water mix'd with Spirit of Wine is of excellent use for bathing the Legs Belly and Scrotum especially when a Gangrene is threaten'd by the appearance of Spots Cataplasms made of Cockles bruis'd together with their Shells and mix'd with Goats-Dung are particularly recommended by Thonerus If these Cataplasms prove uneasie they may be shifted for aromatic Oyls such as the Oyl of Scorpions distill'd Oyl of Juniper Oyl of Bays Oyl of Toads mix'd with the Ointments Agrippae Martiatum c. Or an Ointment made of Sulphur Quick-lime and the Extracts of sharp Plants Some commend Bathing but 't is only of use against Anasarca's It remains only to annex a few Recipe's for illustrating the Method of prescribing Take of the Extract of Elaterium fifteen or twenty grains Rosin of Jalap from two to five grains Troches Alhandal one or two grains distill'd Oyl of Juniper two drops With Essence of Wormwood make Pills for a Hydropical Purge To which we may premise the Tincture Spirit or Salt of Tartar as a Digestive Take of the Conserve of Peach-Flowers a dram twelve grains of Mercurius vitae mix'd with fifteen grains of sweet Mercury Extract of Elaterium a grain or two With the Syrup of Buckthorn make a Bolus for one Dose Take of the Rob of Juniper an Ounce and a half Extract of Steel prepar'd with Juice of Apples half an ounce Powder of Rhubarb two or three drams with Cinnamon-Water make an Electuary for corroborating the Stomac Take of Swallow-wort Roots two ounces Leaves of Celandin the greater Hore-hound and Wormwood of each a handful Citron and Orange-peel of each six drams Seeds of the Ash-tree of Cumin Fennel and Annis of each two or three drams Juniper Berries bruis'd an ounce and a half Galangal Cloves Ginger of each a dram Salt of Tartar six drams infuse them in Wine Of which let the Patient take a Draught frequently Take of the Salt of Vine-twigs or that of Pigeons Dung of each a dram Powder of Toads two scruples Make a Powder for two Doses Take of the carminative Spirit de tribus half an ounce Spirit of Sal-Armoniac two drams Mix. Dose half a dram twice a day Take of the Decoction of Camomil Flowers half a Pound Man's Urine three Ounces lenitive Electuary six drams distill'd Oyl of Turpentin a scruple Make a Clyster Take of the carminative Decoction six Ounces Man's Urine three ounces Yest a Dram common Salt a scruple Hony of Roses an ounce Make a Clyster Take of Cockles and their Shells bruis'd a Pound Powder of Caraway-Seeds two ounces Goats Dung an ounce Make a Cataplasm to be applied to the Belly and Cod. Take of the Ointment of Sowbread an Ounce Ointment of Agrippa half an ounce Oyl of Scorpions an Ounce and a half distill'd Oyl of Toads three drams Mix for a Liniment and anoint the Belly frequently ART 3. Of the Yellow Black and White Jaundice A Jaundice is a cachectic disposition of Body attended by a preternatural Colour of the Skin it is caus'd either by the corruption of the Chyle in the Stomac or its vicious fermentation with the Bile and Juice of the Pancreas in the Duodenum or by the immediat putrification of the Mass of Blood The first cause defiles the Mass of Blood and taints it with various Recrements according to the manner of its corruption Hence Milk curdled in the Stomacs of Children Summer-Fruits Cucumbers Fish c. being converted into a musty Crudity will cause a Jaundice by mixing the corrupt Chyle with the Blood which being unfit for nourishment or assimilation is thrown out in a serous Vehicle upon the Glandules of the Skin and sometimes upon internal Glandules The Jaundices which follow Feavers or extreme bleeding which are attended by vomiting of yellow corrupt Matter musty Belchings Heart-burnings and Excrements colour'd as in a healthy state seem to arise from this cause and are accordingly cur'd by Vomits and bitter stomachical Medicines The second Cause takes place when an Acid prevails and the Bile is lazy or unactive and either cannot make good its secretion through the Liver and consequently recoils into the Blood or when separated stagnates in the Gall-Bladder and settles into Stones so as to cause an Obstruction of the Passage Hence sulphureous strong Liquors that exalt the Oyl of the Bile and cramp its active Volatil Salt are frequently charg'd with causing a Jaundice Sometimes the Convulsions of the neighbouring Membranes may contract the Gall-Bladder and so shut up the Passage upon which account Vomiting Colic-pains Hysteric Passions and hard Labour in Child-bearing are observ'd to introduce this Disease The prevalency of an Acid in the Duodenum arising either from the austere Recrements of the Stomac or the degeneracy of the Juice of the Pancreas will also pervert the Chyle and consequently the Mass of Blood So that the greatest part of Jaundices are wholly owing to a preternatural corrupt Acid in the Stomac or Duodenum and the inactivity or imperfect distribution of the Chyle As for the third Cause viz. The immediat putrefication of the Mass of Blood 't is occasion'd by Poyson birings of Vipers or Mad Dogs malignant Ulcers suppression of the Terms the Scurvy c. And when a Jaundice springs from this cause the Stomac Bile and Colour of the Excrements continue in their natural state Now any of these three Causes will occasion a preternatural colour of the Skin which always attends the Jaundice For the Blood being vitiated and tinctur'd with corrupt Recrements precipitats and throws 'em out in a serous Vehicle upon the Skin where the miliar Glandules are
ought always to be dissolv'd in a watry Vehicle that so its Rosin may be separated Sometimes we mix Laxatives with Specific Alteratives and continue their use for some time And whet 'em if there be occasion with Coloquintida or Troches Alhandal Raisins Prunes Tamarinds and ripe sweet Apples or their express'd Juice are of great efficacy against Costiveness But Sugar and other sweet things ought to be carefully avoided Rhubarb or Cream of Tartar sharpen'd with Powder of Jalap are recommended to such as are of a juicy Constitution As for the forms of Receipts they are as follows Take of Quercetanus's Pills call'd Melanagogae a Dram and a half Extract of Senna Leaves half a Dram Rosin of Jalap a dram and six grains Tartar vitriolated thirteen grains volatil salt of Amber a scruple the Seeds of Mustard Scurvy-grass and Garden Cresses of each half a dram With some Antiscorbutic Water make Pills This is the Composition of Timaeus his Antiscorbutic Pills of which a scruple or half a dram is a Dose Take of the Pills of Hiera with Agaric twelve grains Gum Ammoniac dissolv'd in Vinegar half a scruple Scammony sulphurated two grains With the Essence of Steel make Pills Take of Quercetanus's Pills of Ammoniac a scruple sweet Mercury fifteen grains Extract of Troches Alhandal two grains the distill'd Oyl of Caraways two drops With the Essence of Gum Ammoniac make Pills The Vitriol of Steel calcin'd white and the Extract of Steel prepar'd with Juice of Apples may be added by Turns The Extract of black Hellebor is also a proper Basis for Pills Take of the Aperitive Crocus of Steel a scruple Scammony sulphurated and Salt of Tartar of each five grains Make a Powder Take of the fresh Leaves of Scurvy-grass Garden Cresses and Rose-mary of each a handful fresh Horse Radish Roots an ounce and a half pick'd Senna Leaves an ounce choice Rhubarb half an ounce Crude black Hellebor three drams Juniper Berries six drams Cinnamon and Galangal of each a dram and a half Salt of Tartar three drams Tye 'em in a Bag to be infus'd in Wormwood Wine of which let the Patient take a draught Morning and Evening Take of Wormwood three handfuls lesser Centory two handfuls black Hellebor Roots three ounces Polypody of the Oak an ounce and a half Bark of the Ash-tree and white Tartar of each half an ounce filings of Steel three drams Sprinkle 'em with nine Drops of the dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre and tye 'em in a Bag to be infus'd in Wine Take of pick'd Senna Leaves two drams Polypody Roots three drams black Hellebor Roots two scruples Ginger half a scruple Salt of Tartar a scruple infuse 'em for the space of a Day in Whey then boyl 'em gently To three ounces of the strain'd Liquor add of the Spirit of Scurvy-grass a scruple Syrup of Apples three drams Mix for one Dose Take of Corants two ounces Bruise and boyl them in Water adding while the Water is yet hot pickt Senna Leaves three drams Violet Flowers three little handfuls Cream of Tartar a dram Let 'em stand for some time in a hot place then strain the Liquor for use Take of the Pulp of Corants three ounces Arcanum Duplicatum a dram purify'd Sal-Armoniac and the Powder call'd Diatrion Pipereon of each two Scruples With the Syrup of Apples make an Electuary for nine or twelve Doses After Purgatives we subjoyn Emollient abstergent Clysters especially those of Carminative Ingredients boyl'd in Childs Urine against Hypochondriac pains in the Belly those of Milk and Turpentine against Nephritic pains and those of Whey or rather of Milk injected every other Day in a confirm'd Scurvy As Take of Cows Milk nine ounces Lenitive Electuary an ounce Electuary of Bay-Berries half an ounce With the yelk of one Egg make a Clyster to be injected at Bed-time and retain'd all Night Some inject the Decoction of Elder Flowers and Henbane Leaves in Milk against Scorbutical Pains The Patient's Body being thus prepar'd we advance to Alteratives Such are Steel and all fix'd Salts or whatever subdues an Acid. To these we joyn either the Aperients Diuretics and bitter Stomachical Aromatics or the Spirituous volatil Salts Thus the filings of Steel all its Aperitive Crocus's the vitriol of Steel calcin'd the solar Liquor of Steel the natural Spaws consisting of Steel dissolv'd in Sulphur the Tincture of the vitriol of Steel the solution of Steel prepar'd with the juice of sweet Apples and mix'd with the Spirit of Scurvy-grass Chalybeat Diaphoretic Antimony Chalybeat Bezoar the Bezoar Stone c. These I say are all of good use But when the Bowels are stuff'd or threaten'd with hard swellings they are improper Besides while Spaw Waters are drunk 't will be requisite to defend the Stomac by some Stomachical Ointment or Plaister Next to Steel are the bitter Plants dedicated to the Stomac and Spleen such are Fumitory lesser Centory Juniper Barries Wormwood Agrimony Cuckow-pint and Elecampane Their Decoctions Essences and above all their fix'd Salts and the Salt taken from the Caput Mortuum of the Spirit of Sal-Armoniac Mynsichtius's Arcanum Duplicatum is of excellent use especially when the Person is lyable to flushings and sudden Inflammations Elixyr Proprietatis prepar'd without an Acid and mix'd with the Spirit of Scurvy-grass and that of Sal-Armoniac is also proper The volatil Salt and Spirit of Tartar the Tincture of Tartar mix'd with the Spirit of Sal-Armoniac and given to forty Drops the Garminative Spirit prepar'd from Tartar Nitre and Spirit of Wine the Spirit distill'd from a Mixture of Quick-lime Spirit of Sal-Armoniac and Spirit of Wine impregnated with Aromatics the Spirit of Sal-Armoniac mix'd with Antiscorbutic Spirits and espepecially the Liquor of the Terra Foliata of Tartar mix'd with Spirit of Sal-Armoniac are very much approv'd both in the Hypocondriac and Scorbutical Distemper especially when the Person is lyable to Heats and Flushings and apt to be offended by the Oily Aromatic Ingredients In which case purify'd or Antimonial Nitre is also useful Nay some are very diffuse in their Encomium's upon a mixture of Nitre and the Powder Diacumini The forms of Alterative Recipe's are such as these following Take of the Conserve of Fumitory an ounce and a half Confection Alchermes a dram and a half Crude Steel pulveris'd three drams Magistery of Coral prepar'd with the Juice of Citrons a dram With the Syrup of Apples make an Electuary Take of the Essence of Gum Ammoniac half an ounce Spirit of Sal-Armoniac mix'd with Oyl of Sassafras two drams Dose fifty drops Take of Elixyr Proprietatis prepar'd without an Acid half an ounce Spirit of Sal-Armoniac mix'd with Oyl of Cloves two drams Spirit of Scurvy-grass a dram and a half Dose forty drops thrice a Day Take of Fumitory Water two ounces Borrage and Bugloss Waters of each an ounce Carminative Spirit de tribus two drams prepar'd red Coral a dram Syrup of red Poppies half an ounce Mix and exhibit a spoonful now and then in
Whey sharpen'd with the Juice of Citrons is much approv'd as also Milk mix'd with the Spirit of Sal-Armoniac when the Stomac is able to digest it and the Feaverish Paroxysm is over The Symptom of Thirst is admirably accounted for by exhibiting the Decoction of China-roots and Liquorice XIV In scorbutical Dropsies strong Purgatives are noxious gentle Diuretics mix'd with Antiscorbutics being the Basis of the Cure Such are the Infusion of Wood-lice in Wine the Spirit of Sal-Armoniac and Tincture of Tartar mix'd with the Spirit of Scurvy-Grass XV. St. Antony's Fire happening to scorbutical Persons is cur'd by taking inwardly absorbent diaphoretic Powders mix'd with the Spirit or Syrup of Elder-Flowers and Spirit of Scurvy-grass and applying outwardly the Decoction of Litharge Elder-Flowers Olibanum Myrrh and Mastic in Lime-water and Vinegar with a little Camphyr XVI Ulcers accompanying the Scurvy and threatning a Gangrene ought to be wash'd with Lime-Water or the Decoction of lesser House-leek mix'd with the Spirit of Vitriol and anointed with the Ointment of Tobacco and Sugar of Lead or cover'd with the Powders of Myrrh and Frankincense Crocus of Steel and Sugar of Lead Inwardly let the Essence of Woods Essence of Fumitory and the Antiscorbutical Tincture of Coral be frequently administred As for the hard Swellings that frequently molest the Legs let Cataplasms of Bryony and Comfrey-Roots and Chamomil Flowers be applied to ' em Or let the thicken'd Juices of Comfrey and Brook-lime mix'd with Mynsichtius his Diaphoretic Plaister and the Distill'd Oil of Chamomil be us'd in like manner ART 6. Of breakings-out in the Skin UNder the Head of Deprav'd Nutrition we allot an Article for Cuticular Eruptions and first for the Scab which proceeds from the depravation of the nutritive Juice of the Parts under the Skin occasion'd by a preternatural Acid. This Acid takes its rise from sudden Cold succeeding to Heat and shutting up the steams of the Body within the straiten'd Pores from the contagion of an external Ferment and sometimes but very rarely from internal Causes such as the Scurvy French-Pox c. But for the most part the Blood and Internal Parts are not at all tainted it being only the nutritive Serum about the surface of the Body that is depraved tho' 't is true that by continuance it may at last infect the Blood If the nutritious Juice be very serous and apt to corrupt the Breakings-out run much if the Juice be Balmy and impregnated with a volatil oily Salt they are crusty and dry As for the Cure of a Scab we administer inwardly Purgatives and Sudorifics The Purgatives are the Extract of Black Hellebor or Scammony sulphurated mix'd with sweet Mercury and the purging Mercurius vitae or Turbith Mineral in an inveterat case If the Blood be tainted we administer the Decoctions of bitter and scorbutical Plants and Spices mix'd with purging Ingredients in Wine Whey or Water and continue their use for some time The Sudorifics are the Decoctions of Woods the volatil Salt of Vipers Harts-horn Ivory the fix'd Salts the Sulphur and Cinnabar of Antimony diaphoretick Antimony and the Syrup of Elder Flowers As Take of Elder-Flower Water an ounce the Spirit of Venice Treacle camphoris'd half a Dram Diaphoretic Antimony fifteen Grains the volatil Salt of Vipers half a Scruple Syrup of Orange-peel half an ounce Mix for a Draught Or Take of the Rob of Elder a dram the Powder of Snakes calcin'd a scruple Sal-Armoniac half a scruple With the Syrup of Orange-peel make a Bolus The distill'd Oyl of Turpentin given to six Drops every Morning the Essence of Vipers to forty the Tincture of Antimony or Tincture of Coral given to fifty Drops are also very proper And when all proves ineffectual a Mercurial Salivation may not be amiss Outwardly we apply Ointments of Sulphur Mercury especially that precipitated with the Spirit of Nitre and Sugar of Lead but we ought to take care that the Pores be kept open for fear the Scab should strike in Upon which account let Salt of Tartar be always added As Take of Vnguentum Enulatum and Album Camphoratum of each half an ounce Flowers of Brimstone three drams sweet Mercury a dram Salt of Tartar or Oyl of Tartar per deliquium a dram and a half with the Oyl of Tobacco or of St. John's wort Make an Ointment to which add of the Balsam of Peru half a scâ—â—ple Oyl of Rose-wood six drops Mix and anoint the Limbs especially the Joints at Night going to Bed and in the Morning wash off the Ointment with the Persons own Urine Take of the Decoction of Quick-lime a pound and a half sweet Mercury three drams Spirit of Venice Treacle camphoris'd an ounce Mix and wash the external Parts for taking off the Scab and the red Scars that remain after it The Distill'd Water of Man's Ordure is an admirable Wash and reserv'd by some as a Secret Some use Girdles of Quick-silver others fumigate with Cinnabar but the Body ought to be well cleans'd beforehand and arm'd against Cold. In a critical Scab we ought not to use repellents But Baths of the Decoctions of the sharp pointed Dock Tobacco-Leaves Scabious Elecampane and Briony Roots Brimstone and Quick-lime are allowable After sweating by internal Sudorifics the scabby Person may bath in them and rub down his Body and after bathing anoint with the above-mention'd Ointment The Itch is near ally'd to the Scab and proceeds from the sharp Particles of the Serum repairing to the surface in small quantities 't is cur'd internally by purging and sweating as above and externally by applying the following Ointment Take of the Roots of the sharp pointed Dock and Elecampane of each an ounce Boil them in Vinegar 'till they become soft then beat 'em thro' a Sive and add of the Oyl of Orris three Ounces common Salt an Ounce Myrrh three Drams Litharge an ounce and a half With Wax make a Liniment A Leprosie proceeds from a saline corrosive Acid reigning in the Serum as being a sort of exalted Scurvy It is oft-times the hereditary Infirmity of a Family or follows a bad Dyet Chronical Diseases and the suppression of wonted Evacuations The Signs which accompany it are either internal or external The internal are Acid or musty Belchings Costiveness Thirst a stinking Sweat thick Urine insomuch that the Powder of Lead will swim upon it an extreme propensity to Venery the thickness viscosity and unctuosity of the Blood when drawn forth and little Clotts of Sand sticking to the Cloth thro' which 't is strain'd the frequency and weakness of the Pulse difficult respiration stinking Breath a weariness of the Limbs Chillness stupidity and a hoarse Voice as if it came thro' the Nose The External Symptoms are these The Skin appears Livid Black or Yellow it Wrinkles when expos'd to the Cold it is notably rough and oily insomuch that Water will not stick to it it is cover'd with a Purple or White Dandriff little moveable painless Knots and
Seeds of Dill Rapes Mustard and Cummin Saffron Camphyr Swallow-wort the Dung of Animals the Juice of River-Crabs the Persons own Urine the Spirit of Wine Sal-Armoniac and Juice of House-leek The common Practitioners generally add astringent Ingredients whereas they are very pernicious and augment the Inflammation by hindring the Bloods access to the Veins upon which account we only use attenuating volatil Ingredients as for a Gargarism the Decoction of Rapes mix'd with Sal-Armoniac Or Take of Lovage-Roots six drams Smallage-Roots three drams Elder-flowers a handful and a half Mallows leaves a handful Boil them in Barley-water and add to the strain'd Decoction Hony of Mercury an ounce Spirit of Venice Treacle six drams spirit of Sal-Armoniac a dram Make a Gargarism After the beginning of the Disease Gargarisms are improper as requiring a motion prejudicial and painful to the inflam'd Parts Upon which Account we order the Patient only to let the Liquor lie in the Mouth for some time As for Discussing Cataplasms those of bruis'd Wormwood-leaves mix'd with Hoggs-Fat or of a Swallow's Nest boil'd in Wine apply'd to the Swelling are of excellent use For a Plaister we apply that of Melilot soften'd with distill'd Oyl of Amber For an Ointment the Oyl of sweet Almonds mix'd with Sal-Armoniac as also the following Oyl Take of Brimstone pulveris'd and Salt of Tartar of each a Dram. Melt 'em and let 'em stand 'till they grow cold Then pulverise the Mass and add of the Oyl of sweet Almonds three ounces Oyl of Camphyr half a Dram. Mix and set 'em to digest for three Days 2. If the Tumor be not quickly discuss'd we must set aside all sharp provoking Ingredients and endeavour to bring it to maturity by soft temperat ripening Medicines Such are the Decoctions of the Herbs Mallows and Melilot Marsh-mallows-Roots and Figs in Whey or Milk and sweeten'd with Hony for a Gargarism or the Oyl of sweet Almonds and Ointment of Marshmallows with which we anoint the outward Parts and then apply the following Cataplasm Take a Swallows-nest with the Dung three roasted Onyons and two or three handfuls of Elder-flowers Boil 'em in Milk Beat the Pulp thro' a Sive and add half an Ounce of Album Graecum half a dram of the distill'd Oyl of Chamomil and a sufficient quantity of the Oyl of White Lillies in order to make a Cataplasm 3. The Tumor being thus ripen'd we must endeavour to open it by anointing the Jaws with Hony mix'd with Dog's Dung Or if that be successless by a Gargarism of Mustard-Seed boil'd in Mead or of the Oyl of Vitriol mix'd with White-Wine and ordering the Patient to Cough and Hauk and in the last extremity administring a Vomit or opening the Larynx 4. When the Ulcer is open'd it ought to be cleans'd by the Decoction of Barly or Speedwell mix'd with Hony of Roses or Black-smith's Water for a Gargarism If it prove very sordid we may add the rectifi'd Spirit of Salt or Spirit of Vitriol and in desperate cases touch the Ulcer with Vnguentum Aegyptiacum or Platerus's green Water mix'd with Hony After 't is sufficiently cleans'd touch it with an Ointment of Myrrh Florentin Orris-Roots Burnt-Allum and Hony of Roses and gargle the Mouth with vulnerary astringent mixtures As for the Thrush or excoriation of the Mouth it frequently attends Feavers when the Stomac is stuff'd with green rusty Humours and the Physician neglects to cleanse it and then it reaches from the Stomac to the Tongue In other cases it proceeds from the sharpness of Spittle If the Crust is black livid green flat and continues long dry it portends a tedious Disease The Cure consists in moistening and softening the affected Part. For which end let the Juice of Rapes or mucilage of Quinces with Nitre or fresh Butter and Sugar be applied to the Tongue If it degenerat into Ulcers gargle the Mouth with the Decoction of Speedwell mix'd with Hony or wash the Ulcers with the Phlegm of Vitriol and Plantan-Water In Scorbutical Cases add the spirit of Salt and that of Vitriol and for Venereal cases Platerus's green Water The falling of the Vvula is cur'd by applying to it Sal-Armoniac and Pepper gargling the Mouth with the Decoction of Self-heal mix'd with Sal-Armoniac and crude Allum or the Decoction of Hemp-seed in Vinegar and Water and applying to the Crown of the Head a mixture of Yest Spirit of Wine Mastic and Amber ART 2. Of Inflammations of the Stomac Guts and Fundament THE Causes of an Inflmamation of the Stomac are the same as those of other Inflammations The Symptoms are an Acute Feaver a Tumor a Pain and sense of Heat under the short Ribs an unquenchable Thirst unquietness and Watchings The profundity of the Pain the comparative invisibility of the Tumour and the acuteness of its Symptoms distinguish it from the Inflammation of the Liver or of the Muscles of the Belly Sometimes the Inflammation suppurates and then if the purrulent Matter fall inward upon the Guts there is not so much danger as if it were discharg'd into the external Cavity As for the Cure Purgatives during the increase are improper Bleeding ought to be cautiously manag'd by reason of the Swoonings and Convulsive Symptoms that attend this Disteâ—per Clysters are very convenient But the Sudorifics recommended above for Inflammations in general are the Basis of the Cure Especially Antimonial Nitre or the dulcifi'd spirit of Nitre mix'd with the Decoction of Liquorice for ordinary Drinking The Sugar of Lead mix'd with Poterius's Antihectic Pulp of Tamarinds Mineral Bezoar and Tartar vitriolated Externally foment with the Decoction of Chamomil and red Roses in Wine and apply discussing Cataplasms of Aromatick Plants boil'd in Wine If the Tumor incline to suppurat apply the following Cataplasm Take of Fenugree Seeds three Ounces Pigeon's Dung two Ounces Yest and Hony of each an Ounce Oyl of Chamomil an ounce and a half Mix c. As for internal Administrations In case of Suppuration exhibit Turpentin dissolv'd with the Yelk of an Egg in Scabious Water or the rectifi'd Spirit of Tartar and the Juice of Syrup of Scabious If the Tumour is open administer the Decoction of Hyssop mix'd with Hony or Chalybeat Milk or the Decoction of China-Roots and Scabious Leaves with absorbent Powders Balsam of Peru Balsam of Sulphur and the Oyl or Extract of the Flowers of St. John's Wort If the Stomac be ulcerated by the corrosion of sharp Liquors administer first a Vomit and then the Mucilages of Fleawort and Quince-seeds mix'd with Tragacanth and Syrup of Roses The Inflammation of the Guts is caus'd by Dysenteries Ruptures Iliac Pains c. The Symptoms are a Tumor Heat and beating Pain a Lipyria Feaver in which the external Parts are cold while the internal are unsufferably hot Costiveness Retraction of the Anus and suppression of Urine If the small Guts are the seat of the Inflammation it appears about the Navel and is attended by a difficulty of Breathing and Vomiting If the
handful the Rinds of Beans an ounce Plantan Leaves a handful Boyl them in Water with a little lye adding two ounces of Turpentin dissolv'd in Hony to a pound of the strain'd Decoction and in desperat Cases the Ointment Aegyptiacum Mix and inject it with a Syringe for cleansing the Ulcer Take of Ladies Mantle and Tops of St. John's wort of each a handful Marshmallow-roots half an ounce boil them in Lime-water adding to ten ounces of the strain'd Liquor one ounce of the Syrup of Comfry and three or four drams of the vulnerary Essence Mix for injection in order to consolidat Bathing in hot Baths and drinking Spaw Waters are much approv'd both for Inflammations and Ulcers of the Bladder ART 8. Of a Phrenzy or Inflammation of the Membranes of the Brain THE Inflammation of the Membranes and some part of the substance of the Brain was call'd by the Ancients Sphacelus as that of the Midriff was call'd Phrenitis from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Diaphragma and indeed all derivative Words ending in tis signifi'd the Inflammation of the Part whose Name they 're deriv'd from as Pleuritis Hepatitis Nephritis c. However that we may not depart from the customary manner of speaking we shall treat of the Inflammations of the Brain under the name of Phrenitides or Phrensies Their Symptoms are a visible beating in the Carotid Arteries and an unsufferable tearing Pain in the Head obliging the sick Person to throw toss and as it were beat his Head and furiously pull at the Hair They are attended by doating and are apt to degenerat into fatal Gangrenes at which time Convulsions prostration of Strength and a sort of a Lethargy insue Their Urine is pale crude and white and if their Stools be also white if the Teeth gnash the Nose drop and the Person tremble shake and pick at the Bed-Cloaths 't is a desperate case Sometimes Phrenetic Persons are only molested with frightening Dreams and a timorous inward doating without any noise which is a worse Symptom than open fury loud out-cries and violent tossings of the Limbs A Phrensie is distinguish'd from a simple Delirium by the unrelenting vehemence of the Feaver and Head-ache and a difficulty of breathing Sometimes but very rarely a Phrensie terminates in critical Sweats Bleeding at Nose Loosenesses c. Sometimes it becomes an incurable Imposthume in the Brain A true Phrensie for the most part is incurable however its Cure is attempted by Bleeding Vomits Clysters and Diaphoretics Of which more in the Second Book ART 9. Of the Genuin and Spurious Inflammations of the Eyes A Genuin Inflammation of the Eyes is either Sanguine or Serous The former is call'd Ophthalmia the latter Epiphora or Lippitudo An Ophthalmia is an Inflammation of the Tunicles of the Eye especially the Conjunctive which by reason of their Derivation from and being of a piece with the Membranes of the Brains are apt to communicate their disorder to the Brain as on the contrary the disorders of the Brain are frequently display'd in the Eyes The External Cause is whatever provokes the Fibres to Contraction and consequently obliges the Blood to stagnate in the small Arteries which are very plentiful in the Coats of the Eyes as the sharp effluviums of the Air Dust steams of Metals c. The internal cause is the suppression of any evacuation of Blood or the retention of a sharp Acid in the Body as after the Small Pox or when the running of the Ears customary to Children ceases Sometimes an Inflammation proceeding from the Effluvium's of the Air is epidemical and sometimes catching The Symptoms of an Ophthalmia are the Heat Tumor Redness Pain and watriness of the Eyes In its highest pitch the Eye-lids are likewise inflam'd and unable to shut and the White of the Eye is swell'd up above the adjacent Surface with a sort of Chink betwixt ' em If the stagnating Blood proceed from the outer Vessels we observe a Pain Tumor and beating in the Temples if from the internal Membranes and Vessels the Pain is more vehement and lies deep the Palat and Nostrils itch and the Person is apt to sneese often As for the Epiphora and blear'dness of the Eyes the former is a destillation of a Cold or Hot Rheum from the Glandules in the corners of the Eyes the latter from the Glandules of the Eye-lids in conjunction with those of the Eyes Their Causes are 1. The Laxity of the Glandules as in Old Persons and in malignant Distempers when the Animal Spirits are almost extinguish'd or when the Caruncle that shuts them is Corroded or Cut. In this case the Eyes are apt to be red for that the Blood Vessels swell when the Glandules are so often emptied 2. The irritation of the Eye and its Glandules by sharp effluviums from the Air Pepper Onions Garlic c. This Cause is at the same time apt to cause an Ophthalmia 3. The sharpness and acidity of the Lymph which tickles provokes and corrodes the Glandules The Corrosion is frequently follow'd by a roughness and that by a thickness and intransparency and consequently a total blindness The Remote Causes are whatever is apt to occasion Catarrhs All these Inflammations whether Sanguin or Serous are attended by a warriness or running of a Humour that is either sharp saltish corrosive and apt to gaul the Cheeks or insipid slimy thick and apt to make the Eye-lids stick together The former is call'd a hot Catarrh the latter a cold one The various Condition of this Catarrh presents us with four observable Periods in an Inflammation The First is call'd the Beginning viz. When the Humor is thin and plentiful The Second the Increase when the Pain grows and the Humor thickens The Third the Height when the Humor is concocted and makes the Eye-lids stick together The Fourth The Declension when all the Symptoms relent But withal we ought to remember that this Humor is sometimes the Effect and not the Cause of the Disease as in the case of external irritation for which Astringents are proper tho' noxious in other Cases A spurious Inflammation is distinguish'd from the Genuin by its comparative dryness and admits of three Degrees 1. When the Eyes itch and void a small quantity of a saltish Rheum 2. When the Eyes are red swollen heavy and molested with a gentle Pain and Itching without any flux of Matter 3. When the Eye-lids are hard and rough without itching or running The Inflammations of the Eyes proceeding from the Disorders of the Membranes of the Brain are very dangerous If the Pain continue long 't is an ill sign If the Inflammation be very tedious or apt to relapse it threatens a thickness of the Membranes or Webs Scars and loss of Eye-sight If it tend to suppuration it threatens a Gangrene which if the Eye be not quickly extirpated is apt to invade the Brain the consequence of which is certain Death A dry or spurious Inflammation is tedious but not so dangerous as
Cataplasms of Pellitory and Oyl of Scorpions or anoint the Pubes and Perinaeum with a Liniment of the Oyntment of Marshmallows Oyl of Scorpions and distill'd Oyl of Juniper applying afterwards to the Os sacrum and Pubes the Plaister call'd Nervinum soften'd with the Oyl of Amber If the suppression be very obstinate we order bathing in the Decoctions of emollient and nervous Plants exhibiting at the same time some gentle Diuretic In Malignant Feavers we apply the same Ointments and Decoctions and order the Patient to walk up and down the Room When the Bladder is distended we use the same Method When the Sphincter is contracted we exhibit inwardly the Specifics for Convulsions mix'd with Opiats and anoint with a Liniment of the Ointment of Marsh-mallows mix'd with the Oyls of Poppies Castor and Amber If the Passage be stopp'd by clotted Blood we exhibit Crabbs Eyes with Vinegar the Decoctions of Chervil Sperma ceti c. and foment or bath with the Decoctions of Antipleuritical Ingredients applying likewise Cataplasms of fresh Cows Dung If viscid Humors block up the Passage we give first a gentle Purge then the Juice of Limons with Spirit of Turpentin or Spirit of Salt the Juice of Radishes and Decoctions of aperient and diuretic Ingredients to which Black Garden-Currants are added If the Prostatae be swoll'n we apply Cataplasms of Brook-lime and Chamomil Flowers If purulent Matter stick in the way we exhibit the Oyl of Amber and that of Juniper and clear the Passage with a Cacheter providing the Bladder be not inflam'd If Excrescences beset the Vrethra we eat 'em away with Corrosives applied with a Candle of Wax and Turpentin and then consolidate the Ulcer with Vnguentum Album Camphoratum For all Suppressions of Urine in general we foment the Parts with the Decoction of Pellitory Anis and Parsley-seeds Zedoary and Bay-berries in Wine and apply Cataplasms of Pellitory growing upon the Rubbish of Old-Walls with roasted Onyons Garlick Oyl of Scorpions and Oyl of Juniper or anoint with the same Oyls mix'd with Rock-Oyl ART 2. Of the Stone in the Bladder THE Stone of the Bladder is for the most part first bred in the Reins and introduc'd by Nephritic Pains and when it descends through the Vreters into the Bladder receives a considerable increase from the Mucilage or deprav'd nutritious Juice that sticks to it and becomes hard as it self Thus we find that stones in the Bladder are cover'd like an Onyon with several distinct Coats and have a Kernel in the middle which represents the Stone as it came from the Kidneys The Symptoms are a sudden stopping of Urine in the very time of making it follow'd by a violent and vain Desire of finishing that Evacuation and of going to stool a dull sense of weight about the Perinaeum and Pubes a Pain and itching in the Nut of the Yard and its perpetual Erection occasion'd by the irritation of the inner Membrane When the Person stoops to pull up any thing from the ground he feels a pricking and pain about the Pubes when he jumps he feels it move unless it be grown to the Membrane as when the Bladder is tore in which case it must be search'd with a Cacheter When the Evil is inveterat the nutritious Juice of the injur'd Parts is deprav'd and voided in the form of a Mucilage like white Clay which some are apt to take for the Matter of which the Stone is bred whereas 't is properly its effect The Stone in Women is more easily cur'd than in Men whose Bladder is more inaccessible If it be inclos'd in a peculiar Membrane 't is scarce curable The Internal Cure is the same as that of a Stone in the Kidneys to which we refer the Reader The Blood and Urine of a Goat and the Juice of Wood-lice bruis'd with the Spirit of Juniper-Berries or Tincture of Tartar are particularly recommended as also Pills of the Salts of Ivy-Berries and Water-Cresses mix'd with the Crystals of Nitre and Tartar and with Turpentin If the Stone be in motion and be not very large we may give a Vomit to drive it out Externally we inject proper Liquors for dissolving the Stone for which purpose some commend the warm Blood of a Goat or Fox or the solution of calcin'd Pigeons Dung in Pellitory Water We likewise order Fomentations and Bathing in proper Decoctions and anoint the Pubes and Perinaeum with a Liniment of Rock-oyl and the express'd Oyls of Poppies and Henbane or apply a Cataplasm of white Onyons boil'd in Wine and mix'd with the Oyl of Scorpions As for Clysters their Virtue is sufficiently known When all proves ineffectual the Stone must be cut and if the Inflammation and Gangrene of the Bladder can be prevented there 's no great danger in the operation ART 3. Of the incontinence of Vrine AN Involuntary efflux of Urine is caus'd by the imperfect Constriction of the Sphincter The remote Causes are 1. The Palsey and stupidity of the Sphincter occasion'd by the weakness and deficiency of the Animal Spirits as in Fevers and Apoplexies or by the Obstructions of the Nerves from internal or external causes 2. The Relaxation of the Fibres of the Sphincter occasion'd by a preternatural distention of the Vagina and neck of the Bladder in Child-Birth or the down-falling of the Womb. 3. The cutting or tearing of its Fibres especially in cutting the Stone or in time of Delivery when the Midwives scratch the Caruncula Myrtiformis with their Nails Sometimes the efflux of Urine cannot be properly called involuntary but 't is such that the Person is frequently oblig'd to make Water and cannot retain the Urine so long as naturally one may The immediat Cause is the perpetual Irritation of the Bladder occasion'd by rough Stones or sharp Humours or the Compression of the Bladder caus'd by the distended Womb in Women with Child or by excessive Laughing and Coughing especially in fat Persons or by Inflammations of the Muscles of the Abdomen and adjacent Parts Some Persons are liable to an involuntary voiding of Urine when they 're asleep especially Children and Old Persons whose Spirits are lazy and inactive An incontinence of Urine proceeding from a Palsy or from the default of the Brain or spinal Marrow is very difficult to cure In Old Persons or when it follows Child-birth 't is seldom cur'd In Feavers 't is a fatal Sign In Children 't is overcome by Nature before the Twenty Fifth Year of age or else accompanies 'em to the Grave The Cure in general is perform'd by Astringents especially the Decoction of Calamint Agrimony and Mint in Wine the Powders of Galangal Aloes-Wood Acorus Castor Myrrh Frankincense Gum Arabic and Mastic The most noted Specifics are the Throat of a Cock roasted pounded and given to a dram in Wine the Powder of a burnt or calcin'd Hedge-hog the Powder call'd Medulla Saxorum The inner Tunicle of a Hen's Ventricle which when dry'd becomes hard like Horn the Fish found
into a round uniform Globe and are call'd Conglobatae some into a Cluster call'd Conglomeratae The former convey their Juice thro' Lymphatic Vessels into the left axillary Vein where it dilutes and prepares the Chyle for an easie union with the Blood and likewise promotes the fermentation of the Blood in the Heart and Lungs as being of a volatil Spirituous Nature The latter throw their Juice into some noted Cavity as the Spittle into the Mouth the Juice of the Sweat-bread into the Guts c. These Juices as separated or suck'd from the Blood partake of acidity which is temper'd by the Animal Spirits repairing to the Glandules they being condensated and incorporated with the Liquor The Separation of this Liquor is frequently disturb'd by the Obstructions of the Glandules of which else where ART I. Of Catarrhs A Catarrh is a preternatural Defluxion of Lymph from the Conglamerated Glandules into some noted Cavity of the Body especially the Throat Breast and Head where these Glandules are very plentiful and their Lymph is most liable to alterations from the Air. A Catarrh therefore proceeds from the Constriction of the Fibres of the Glandules occasion'd by some provoking Causes These Causes are either External or Internal The former are the malignity of the Air in Epidemical Catarrhs sharp Steams and external Cold contracting the Fibres hindring a free Transpiration and so occasioning the redundancy stagnation and provoking sharpness of the Lymph The internal Causes are the sharpness or Acrimony of the Blood and consequently the Lymph occasion'd by an imperfect Digestion in the Stomac Scorbutical Salts c. Or the occasional Corruption of the Peculiar Nutritious Juice of the Glandules which being deprav'd sticks to their sides and provokes 'em to Contractions This degeneracy of their Juice arises from external injuries or whatever internal Cause is apt to weaken or exhaust their innate Spirit When the Fibres or innate Spirits of the Part are weaken'd the Catarrh is Habitual and apt to relapse in other Cases 't is only Accidental and generally take its rise from external Occasions When a Catarrh begins 't is Thin and Sharp as being the pure Lymph without mixture but afterwards by its continued Flux it depraves the nutritive Juice of the Glandules which mixes with it and renders it Thick and Temperat When the Lymph is very Corosive and Sharp 't is usually call'd a Hot Rheum when 't is Thick and Slimy 't is entitled Cold. There is yet a Spurious sort of Catarrh near ally'd to this above-mention'd viz. The Stagnation of the serous part of the Blood in any parts either before or after its conversion into Lymph as when Nocturnal Cold or the Diminution of the ordinary transpiration causes pain in the Limbs This is not properly a Catarrh but a stagnation of Serum or Lymph caus'd by the Constriction of the Fibres of the part in which 't is lodg'd Thus the Tooth-ach Scorbutic pains in the Limbs Bastard Pleurisies c. are of the same kind The Causes from which they take their rise are much the same as those of the Genuin Catarrh Sometimes the true Catarrh causes Feavers which are particularly accounted for in the Section of Feavers An imminent Catarrh is usher'd in by a weariness of the Joynts heaviness of the Head dullness of the Senses and Froth making a circle in the Urine If the Lymph be thin and sharp 't is mostly voided in the Night time and a slow Feaver increasing towards the Evening accompanies it if it be thick and slimy 't is equally troublesom at all times but the Symptoms are more remiss If a Catarrh recur frequently in the same part or if the part be influenc'd by the alterations of the Weather 't is a sign that the nutritive Juice of the Glandule is deprav'd and its innate Spirit weaken'd If it be caus'd by the Crudites or imperfect Digestion of the Stomac it distinguishes it self by frequent relapses either in the same or different parts by the Person 's propensity to spit and sweat much and the thinness and paleness of the Urine Catarrhs in the Breast or Wind-pipe are apt to cause a Cough or Phthisic In old Persons they 're scarce curable by reason of the weakness of their Digestive faculty the natural Laxity of their Glandules flatness of their Spirits and Acrimony of the Serum A Catarrh in the Glandules of the Brain is apt to cause Palsies Lethargies and such like disorders of the Spirits That from the Nose and Mouth is least dangerous especially if the Matter come quickly to Concoction As to the Cure let the following Cautions be minded 1. The best Evacuaters are Diuretics and volatil Sudorifics When the Stomac is faulty Vomits and Purges are proper but not in other Cases 2. Chronical or Habitual Catarrhs proceeding from the Acrimony of the Serum as in old and Scorbutical Persons are influenc'd by the Moon and therefore Preservatives ought always to exhibited before the new Moon 3. Opiats are of excellent use especially in the beginning of a Catarrh arising from external Causes They ought always to be mix'd with volatil Salts and proper Specifics Towards the height of the Disease or in epidemical and critical Catarrhs they must be cautiously us'd 4. Issues and Blistering Plaisters are of use for draining the Lymph or relieving a particular part but they cannot remove its Cause Therefore in scorbutical Cases or when the Evil is inveterat and scarce curable à Priori we must insist on such a palliative Cure being directed thereto by nature which frequently throws out the Lymph by Ulcers in the Legs 5. Bleeding is not proper But in some particular Cases as when the Body is very Plethoric or Blood suppress'd in the Body or when the Catarrh falls upon a noble part 't is allowable These Cautions being premis'd let 's now Consider the Indications As 1. The Activity of the Cause and sense of the Part ought to be impair'd by Opiats 2. The quantity of the Lymph must be lessen'd its vicious quality corrected and the solid part cleans'd by volatil Sudorifics 3 The Stomac must be strengthen'd its due digestion retriev'd and the solid part fortify'd by balmy Aromatics The specifics proper for these purposes are Mother of Thyme Rose-mary Avens-roots Juniper-berries and all Aromatics Sassafras especially its Tincture prepar'd with the spirit of wild Thyme Amber and all it preductions especially the succinated spirit of Harts-horn Myrrh Sulphur or its Flowers Mastic-wood and Sperma Ceti From such Ingredients we make several Prescriptions such as the Decoctions of Woods the infusion of Aromatic and Stomachical Herbs in Wine an Electuary of the Rob of Juniper-berries mix'd with Spices c. The Cure of sharp and thick Humors vary's as that of dry and wet Coughs In scorbutical Cases we always add some preparation from the Pine-tree When we exhibit Purgatives we mix 'em with the Specifics as in Crato's Pills of Amber Jalap sweet Mercury and in inveterat Cases Hellebor are recommended
of Spirits From whence ensues the variety of the animal or sensitive Phaenomena's 2. That the Brain and Spirits have a peculiar dependance upon the Moon and upon that account the Diseases of the Head encrease or diminish in proportion to its Age. The Spirits when disorder'd are more sensible of this Influence than in their natural State 'T is true the Sun has some Ascendant over our Bodies but that properly relates to the vegetable and vital Functions the Animal Province being more peculiarly allotted to the Moon 3. That there is an admirable Sympathy betwixt the Brain and the Bowels especially the Stomac An ungrateful Imagination disturbs the Stomac and Vomiting and Giddiness do equally give rise to one another The Disorders of the Stomac and lower Belly have a visible Influence upon the Fancy as in the case of Hysteric or Hypocondriac Fits and the ridiculous Appetites of Women Helmont was very happy in this Observation and the practical Inferences he deduc'd from it but his Theoretic Conjectures are frivolous The reason why the Spirits and the Stomac do so sensibly affect one another seems to be this That the Mouth of the Stomac is the first part of all the Body that receives any sensible Impression in the Womb for so much as all Alterations in the Embryo must be produc'd by the Nourishment convey'd to the Stomac This establishes an early Correspondence betwixt it and the Spirits and lays the lasting Foundation of their future Intimacy 4. That the Spirits are liable to the same material Alterations with the Blood CHAP. I. Of immoderate Watchings WE are said to wake when the Spirits are distributed through the Organs of Sense and extend their Fibres On the contrary Sleep unbends the Fibres and imprisons the Spirits The Privation of which causes Disorders in the Body The immediate Cause of Watchfulness is a continued or violent Incursion of Spirits into the Organs of Sense The remote Cause barring some external Object must either be the Disorder of the animal Spirits or some defect in the Brain The Spirits are oft-times too nimble and moveable as in young People and such as feed high and drink generous Liquors The Heat of Summer or travelling in a hot Climat eating of Venison immoderat Care Study and the Passions of the Mind the accession of foreign heterogeneous Particles from malignant Distempers or drinking Tee and Cossee are the natural Causes of the Mobility and Disorder of the Spirits and consequently of Watchfulness As for the Brain Watchings will insue upon the Openness of its Pores occasion'd by a Dryness or want of Moisture to fill up the Intervals This may happen through Fasting or eating of sharp volatil Meats immoderat Venery Sweating smoaking Tobacco which tho it be an Opiat exhausts the Moisture of the Brain an unseasonable Use of purging Medicines or a Deficiency in the first Digestion which not only affects the Spirits by Consent but robs the Brain of its wonted Recruits in neglecting the regular distribution of the Chyle This Disease is manifest of it self As for Prognostics It infers a Weakness and Feebleness 'T is more sufferable in Youth than in a State of Manhood and among Men than among the Female Sex It portends ill in acute Distempers But in Chronical Diseases may be longer endur'd tho 't is oft-times follow'd by Phrensies Folly or Stupidity The Cure is perform'd by taking off the remote Causes If it be caus'd by the Inflammation and Impetuosity of the Blood a Vein must be open'd If the Blood be sharp and oppress'd with heterogeneous Particles Purgation and Sweating take place If it spring from the Disorder of the animal Spirits they must be reduc'd to Order by the use of pacific Medicines such as Opium or Laudanum opiatum or their Compounds Bartholetus commends the Essence of Opium prepar'd with Spirit of Vitriol or Spirit of Cockle Ens Veneris which consists of Vitriol and Salt Armoniac and likewise the Anodvn Sulphur of Vitriol are proper in this case But in using Opium we ought to observe these Causions Not to exhibit it when the Watchings are owing to the Efforts of Nature endeavouring a Solution of a Disease or when attended with a straitness in the Breast or difficulty of Breathing or when they proceed from the deficiency and want of Spirits as in old Men c. The mildest Opiats are the safest Let them be given in small Quantities and repeated often As Take of the Conserve of wild Poppy Flowers one Dram Venice Treacle or Diascordium half a Dram Laudanum Opiatum one Grain Make a Bolus Or Take of native Cinnabar fifteen Grains Saccharum Saturni eight Grains Laudanum Opiatum one or two Grains with the Extract of Saffron make Pills to be taken in the Evening about an hour before Supper The Seed of Thorn Apple is of excellent use in this case As for the Watchings which arise from the Dryness and Openness of the Brain moist and cooling Medicines are most proper such as Emulsions and other oily temperat Compositions Take of the four greater cold Seeds of each half an Ounce Garden Poppy Seeds two Drams sweet Almonds from two Drams to half an Ounce with a sufficient quantity of the Water of Water Lillies make an Emulsion Add of Cinnamom Water half an Ounce and sweeten it with Syrup of Poppies Or the Emulsion may be accommodated to whatever acute Distemper accompanies the Watchings as in a malignant Fever Take of sweet Almonds and Garden Poppy Seeds of each two Drams of the four greater cold Seeds of each a Dram With Viper Grass Water make an Emulsion sweeten it with pearl'd Sugar and add half an Ounce of Ciâ—namom Water and a Scruple of Bezoar Mineral It pacifies the Spirits and obviats the Malignity of the Distemper The Decoction of Barley with Poppies and Liquorice is much applauded And in general all moist nourishing milky chilous Medicines are very conducive in this caseâ— especially the Seed of Thorn Apple of the Fruit we make Pills thus Take of Thorn Apples six Pound bruise and boil them in twelve Pints of Lettice Water to eight Pints express the Decoction and digest it in the Sun sprinkle it with Spirit of Wine and set it to dry To an Ounce of the Juice thus thicken'd and dry'd add half an Ounce of Saffron and two Scruples of the Oil of Citron Peel Make a Mass for Pills Dose a Grain or two It procures Sleep and stops all Fluxes In the Watchings of old Men or such as proceed from a scarcity of Spirits or a frigid Crudity in the Stomac Opiats are inconvenient Comforting and aromatic Medicines are only proper Some give Opiat Clysters or Suppositories to procure Sleep but 't is a dangerous Method unless the Watchings be accompany'd with a Loosness or Pains in the Guts Besides the internal Use of moistening and quieting Medicines some apply them outwardly to the Forehead Temples Feet and Hands They foment and bathe the extreme Parts with the Decoctions of Anodyn and
Emollient Vegetables such as Camomile Night-shade Water-Lillies c. They apply Emulsions to the Forehead and Temples or Liniments made of the emollient Oils Sanctorius affirm'd that all these external Applications were of no use Primerosius was of the same Opinion CHAP. II. Of Excessive Sleep SLeep is accounted preternatural when the Spirits do not repair to the external Organs in their wonted Season but continue lock'd up within the Brain If a scarcity of Spirits and extreme Weakness occasion a shutting of the Eyes 't is not properly Sleep but Swooning As in the case of hysteric Fits and Weakness after Child-birth there first appears as it were a violent Inclination to sleep which presently terminates in Swoonings If the Sleep be so profound that the Person does not wake when jogg'd or call'd upon but remains destitute of all Sense and Motion except Respiration 't is call'd a Carus and if it proceed from any internal Cause is a sort of Apoplexy and requires the same Cure The external Causes are excessive Drinking smoaking Tobacco using Narcotic Medicines the Steams of sulphurous Minerals or fermenting Liquors or new Plaistering upon the Walls of the House and such like When the Person doats in his Sleep and readily answers upon a Call but continues sensless and presently drops asleep again 't is call'd a Sleeping Coma. If the Fancy be awake while the external Senses are shut up by Sleep and attended by frantic Outcries and irregular Motions of the Members of the Body 't is call'd a waking Coma which seldom comes alone but is generally follow'd by Phrensies and Convulsions and disappears upon their Removal Sometimes the strength of Imagination is such that while the Person is asleep he not only speaks and moves but gets up and walks about and attempts many fearful things that when awake he would shrink to think of This is rather a natural Infirmity than a proper Disease It is influenc'd by the Moon and seems to be near akin to Hypocondriac Melancholy If the sick Person be seiz'd with a sleepy Coma and withal a slow Feaver and a forgetfulness of what he does speaks or demands 't is call'd a Lethargy which is the only sleeping Distemper that requires Consideration in this place The immediat Cause is the dulness of the Spirits The remote Causes are 1st A Paucity of Spirits occasion'd by Bleeding Venery Watching Fatigue c. 2dly A watry or pituitous Humour separated from the Blood by the Glandules of the Brain that blocks up the Passages and drowns the Spirits Thus Children Hydropic and Arthritic Persons and those of a Phlegmatic moist Constitution are ofttimes obnoxious to this Distemper The Stone in the Kidneys or any thing that suppresses the evacuation of the Serum will give rise to a Lethargy 3dly Narcotic Medicines and sulphurous Liquors or poisonous Fumes which stupify the Spirits by making such alterations in the Humors of our Body as are apt to produce a Numness Thus the very Humors of our Body turn Narcotic and have the like influence upon the Spirits as new Wine by fermentation acquires a stupifying Quality which formerly it had not 4thly The stagnation of the Blood Contusions or Tumors in the Brain which compress the Spirits and straiten their Passages Sleep distinguishes these Distempers from all others The particular Symptoms that distinguish one sleepy Distemper from another may be gather'd from what is already said As for Prognostics Sleep in general is a bad Omen and is more or less to be suspected according to the degree of sleeping A Coma is very dangerous in the height of an acute Feaver If the Feaver intermit or be accompany'd by evacuations 't is less hazardous except it happen in the beginning A Lethargy generally brings Death in seven days If the sick Person survive the seventh day he recovers If 't is follow'd by evacuations by Stool by the Nostrils the Ears or salivating Glandules 't is a tolerable sign especially if the Feaver and other Symptoms relent If the Symptoms are heighten'd and the Body in the interim oppress'd by other Distempers especially those of the Head together with cold Sweats 't is a desperat Case A Phrensy preceding a Lethargy makes it mortal whereas if it follow after 't is a sign of Recovery If a Trembling succeed it portends ill If it come of its own accord without the impulse of an external Cause 't is mortal In the Method of Cure we must have regard to the remote Causes abovemention'd If a Lethargy proceed from a prevalency of serous or pituitous Humors in the Blood and consequently in the Brain Blood-letting is for the most part necessary both by way of Aversion Derivation and Revulsion It may be repeated according to the former strength of the Patient 'T is better to bleed often and draw forth but little at a time than to take it all at once In the beginning of a Lethargy from this Cause 't is not improper to inject the following Clyster Take of Wormwood lesser Centory and Rue of each a handful Pellitory Roots three Drams Pulp of Coloquyntida ty'd in a Bag from half a Dram to a Dram boil them in common Water To nine Ounces of the strain'd Liquor add Electuary of Hiera with Agaric one Ounce Ox Gall thicken'd a Dram Volatil Salt of Amber half a Dram and the yelk of one Egg or if you design to make it very sharp half a Dram of Sal-gem mix for a Clyster Or Take of Asarabacca or Tobacco Leaves the Herb Rue the Flowers of lesser Centory Flowers of Arabian Stechas of each half a handful Bryony and Gentian Roots of each half an Ounce Pulp of Coloquyntida ty'd in a Bag a Dram and a half boil them in common Water or human Urin in seventeen Ounces of the strain'd Liquor dissolve of Electuary of Hiera and Agaric one Ounce Ox Gall thicken'd a Dram Essence of Castor two Scruples make a Clyster Or Take of the Pouder of Hiera with Agaric a Dram and a half Mice Dung Ox Gall thicken'd of each a Dram with a sufficient quantity of Honey of Rosemary Flowers or Honey of Rue make a Suppository to be anointed with Oil of Myrrh or Coloquyntida If these prove ineffectual 't is proper to apply a blistering Plaister as Take of the Pouder of Spanish Flies from a Scruple to two Scruples Pouder of Euphorbium from half a Scruple to twelve Grains Castor in Pouder from fifteen Grains to a Scruple with half an Ounce or an Ounce of Capital Lees make a blistering Plaister to be appli'd to the pit of the Neck or behind the Ears or to the back of the Head or to the Arms or Legs 'T is a very effectual Medicine in this Case If the Patient reap any Benefit by these prescriptions then 't is time to prescribe Vomits and Purges The Antimonial Vomits are best As for purging Medicines Take of Castor two Scruples and prepar'd Scammony one Scruple mix for two Doses to be exhibited in Oxymel Or Take of Quercetanus's
in the following Mixture Take of Chervil-water three Ounces Sage-water an Ounce and a half Cinnamon-water six Drams Spirit of Lilly Convally and of Sage of each three Drams mix for the use above-mentioned Or Take of Chervil-water three Ounces Spirit of Hartshorn with Amber a Dram mix Amber may be given inwardly and its Oil applied to the Crown of the Head Rock Oil may supply the want of Oil of Boxwood As Take of Conserve of Mint an Ounce Conserve of Rosemary Flowers half an Ounce white Rock Oil a Dram with Syrup of Mint make an Electuary If you please you may add fifteen Grains of Salt of Amber I have cur'd some with a Vomit and this Electuary alone In the last Extremity we have recourse to Laudanum Opiatum mix'd with Amber or volatil Medicines which oft-times proves more effectual than any other thing As Take of Sage-water an Ounce and a half Mint-water an Ounce Spirit of Lilly Convally three Drams Spirit of Sal Armoniac a Dram and a half Laudanum Opiatum two or three Grains Syrup of Orange Flowers three Drams Mix. Or Take of Black-cherry Water Mint-water and Lilly Convally Water prepar'd with Wine of each an Ounce Spirit of black Cherries three Drams Essence of Castor a Dram and a half Volatil Salt of Hartshorn a Scruple Volatil Salt of Amber half a Scruple Syrup of Clove Gilly-flowers half an Ounce Mix and give a spoonful or two in the Fit If the Disease be caus'd by the Disorders of the Womb Take of Swallow-water an Ounce and a half Baum-water prepar'd with Wine an Ounce Spirit of Lilly Convally Spirit of black Cherries of each a Dram Spirit of Sal Armoniac half a Dram Volatil Salt of Amber fifteen Grains Laudanum Opiatum two or three Grains Syrup of Orange Peel half an Ounce Mix and use as above Essence of Castor Spirit of Sal Armoniac distill'd Oil of Amber and in a word whatever is used in Epileptic Fits may be applied to the Head Temples Nostrils Breast c. CHAP. II. Of the irregular Incursions of the Spirits into the external Parts THE Instruments of all Motion are the Fibres whether gathered into a Muscie or dispers'd in a Membran The Muscles for the most part receive Spirits from the Cerebrum and their regular Motions depend upon the Will The other Fibres are supplied with Spirits from the Cerebellum and perform involuntary Motions If either the musculary or membranous Fibres are preternaturally mov'd the former without the direction of the Will or the latter with Violence and Pain we call them Convulsive Motions If the Part be contracted and remain immovable in the same posture 't is call'd Convulsio tonica and divided into several sorts If the Head be drawn forwards towards the Breast 't is call'd Emprosthotonos Vid. Hipoc Sect. 4. Aph. 35. If backwards Opisthotonos If it be stiff and immovable to either side Tetanos The Convulsions of the Yard in a Priapismus of the Jaws in a Dog Cramp of the Knees Arms c. are all included under this general If the Contraction of the Part cease and return alternatly 't is call'd a Concussion or Convulsio Clonica ART I. Of alternat Convulsions and the Epilepsy or Falling-Sickness THE Epilepsy is an alternat Concussion of several Members of the Body attended for the most part by a Cessation of Sense It admits of three degrees The first is not different from the third degree of a Vertigo of which above The second is when the whole Body is toss'd with convulsive Motions and the Senses both internal and external either remain in their wonted State or become delirious The Person is taken with Laughter Crying Screeking Singing beats his Breast talks ridiculously skips up and down the room and performs a great many antic Actions And when the Fit is over is perfectly ignorant of all that pass'd Melancholy Persons are obnoxious to it and for them the Spirit of Hartshorn prepar'd with Amber is a proper Cure This kind of Epilepsies is very unfrequent But the third sort is very common that is when the Body is thrown upon the Ground all Reason and Sense abolished the Thumbs shut close within the Hands the Feet tremble the Arms toss'd about the Teeth gnash against one another and bite the Tongue and Lips Froth is cast forth at the Mouth and the whole Body is successively lifted up and depressed And when these Symptoms remit the Person slumbers and groans and when he comes to himself complains of a Heaviness of the Head and a Weariness of the Joints but remembers nothing that pass'd The Part immediatly affected is the Fibres If the external musculary Fibres are only affected 't is call'd an external Convulsion If the Internal are seiz'd 't is call'd Internal As in Nephritic Colic Hypochondriac and Hysteric Fits and the Pains of Women after Delivery These Convulsions of the internal Membrans are apt to cause Convulsions in the external Muscles by communicating their Disorder to the Brain and so produce an universal Epilepsy The immediat Cause is the rapid unequal and disorderly Motion of the Spirits for the Spirits are equally the Cause both of natural and preternatural Motions If the Sickness be inveterat or hereditary perhaps the Animal Spirits are degenerat from their natural Constitution and become more elastic and moveable The remote Causes are the Irritation of any sensible part as the puncture of a Nerve the Collection of heterogeneous Particles in the Brain or their mixture with the Spirits as in Wounds of the Head malignant Feavers and the Cessation of any wonted Evacuation of Blood Sometimes the vicious Recrements of the Blood are convey'd to the Brain with the Lympha and infect the Spirits or mix with them and sometimes are lodg'd in other parts These noxious Particles are nitrosulphureous and in some measure Elastic according to Willis and the nature of the Remedies used against them sufficiently proves them to be acid Upon which account 't is that Scorbutic Hypochondriac and Hysteric Persons are most liable to Convulsions for the peccant Acid infinuats it self into the fibrous and tendinous Parts of the Muscles and renders them stiff and unwieldy And besides supposing it did not lodg in the Muscle it affects the Nerves where-ever 't is and depraves the chylous Juice of the Glandules especially those of the Mesentery where it often lurks This Acid is for the most part bred in the Stomac or first ways and frequently produces Convulsions in gouty and arthritic Constitutions If the Brain or what it contains be immediatly affected without the intervening of any other part 't is call'd an essential Convulsion But if another part be first affected 't is Sympathical as when Convulsions are caus'd by Worms by the Disorders of the lower Belly Ulcers or Aches of external Parts by the suppression of the Terms or Piles neglect of Venery causing a Corruption of the seminal Liquor in Women the Indisposition of the Stomac the Disorders of the Kidneys Bladder and
Epileptic Specifics and Anti-Acids as the Bones and Dung of Animals native Cinnabar Castor Vitriol Amber Misselto of the Hazel-tree Piony Opium Camphyr c. The true Cure of this Disease consists in preservation and preventing the Paroxysm Vomits are the first in order Next are purging Medicines which ought to be strongest in an essential Epilepsy Take of the Extract of black Hellebor sweet Mercury right prepar'd of each fifteen Grains Extract of Troches Alhandal one or two Grains distill'd Oil of Amber two Drops with Essence of Myrrh or of Castor make Pills Or Take of sweet Mercury fifteen Grains Scammony prepar'd with Sulphur four or five Grains Make a Pouder Or Take of the Conserve of Rosemary-flowers a Dram Pouder of Jalap half a Scruple sweet Mercury fifteen Grains with the Syrup of Apples make a Bolus Sweet Mercury and Mercurius vitae well pounded and exactly mix'd prove laxative and are mighty useful in this case The Specifics for this Disease are very numerous I shall briefly recount those that are most universally receiv'd In the vegetable Province Male Piony is a famous Specific if gather'd in its proper season the neglect of which has abridg'd its Reputation It ought to be gather'd at Noonday in July or August or before the Sun rising when both the Sun and Moon are in Aries during the wain of the Moon It is both given inwardly and ty'd about the Neck with good Success Next are the Flowers of Lilly of the Valley They ought to be gather'd before the rising of the Sun while they are wet with the Dew and presently distill'd with Spanish Wine which may be distill'd again several times upon fresh Flowers If you infuse Castor in this Spirit it extracts a noble Essence which may be given from half a Dram to a Dram. Hazelwood yields an excellent Spirit and Oil. The Misselto of this Tree and the Catkins that grow upon it are endow'd with an Anodyn Sulphur and are very successful Specifics against this Disease The Misselto ought to be gather'd in the wain of the Moon in March and may be given from half a Dram to a Dram. Misselto of the Oak is likewise useful But while they are us'd 't is needful to purge now and then lest their fixing Quality should occasion other Diseases In the Spring we gather a Sulphur from the Catkins of Hazel that may be given inwardly from a Scruple to a Dram. The Misselto and Flowers of the Limetree Boxwood Lavender Flowers Flowers of Dill Angelica and Valerian Roots Roots of Swallowort Acorus Briony Seeds of Soapwort and Rue are much esteem'd Black-cherries Assa faetida Camphyr Spirit of Soot Extract and Essence of the Wood of Aloe are likewise Specifics Some commend the Coals dig'd from under Mugwort which Deckers takes to be the antient Roots of Mugwort resembling Coals These are the most noted vegetable Specifics to which we generally add Cephalic and Aromatic Medicines As Take of the Leaves and Flowers of Sage six Ounces Flowers of Lilly of the Valley three Ounces Flowers of sweet Lavender an Ounce Male Piony Roots two Ounces Leaves and Flowers of Marjoram half an Ounce choice Cinnamom two Ounces Cubebs half an Ounce Cloves three Drams Mace two Drams infuse them in fourteen Pound of Rhenish or Spanish Wine Let them macerat for fourteen days then distil in a Balneum Mariae You may add Castor and Spirit of Sal Armoniac In the Animal Province the Spirit Oil and volatil Salt of human Blood taken from a beheaded Criminal are celebrated Specifics The Spirit of a human After-birth putrified given from fifteen to forty Drops is reserv'd by some for a Secret Or the Pouder of it dried in an Oven may be given from half a Dram to a Dram. The Skull of one that dies a violent Death may be given in Pouder from a Scruple to a Dram. It yields a Spirit and volatil Salt of wonderful use and its Oil when rectify'd and applied to the Crown of the Head prevents the Epileptic Fit Oil of Amber distill'd with the Pouder of Man's Soul yields a most penetrating Oil for the same use The human Brain its Spirit and Oil and Bones of Men are likewise much esteem'd The Bones of other Animals especially the Teeth of a Sea-horse the Livers of green Frogs the Liver of a Wolf the Gall of a black Cat the Spirit of Urine the Blood of a hunted Hare Castor together with Spirits and volatil Salts are much in use As Take of volatil Salt of Amber volatil Salt of a human Skull of each a Scruple Castor two Drams Infuse in Spirit of Wine let them digest and circulat and they yield an admirable Tincture against this Disease Peacocks Dung Quails Eggs Spirit of Sal Armoniac prepar'd with Quick-lime Spirit of Tartar Assa faetida Elks Claws Swallows with the Spirits and volatil Salts are common Specifics In the mineral Family The fix'd Sulphurs of Antimony lead the Van. Cinnabar of Antimony sublimated several times and reduc'd to a fine Pouder with some spirituous Water is given in Substance or a Tincture may be extracted from it with some vegetable Spirit that is of sovereign Virtue in this case Or the Cinnabar may be dissolv'd in a Menstruum prepar'd from Nitre and Sal-Gem and precipitated into Crystals which pass by the name of Astrum Mercurii Secretum Native Hungarian Cinâ—abar is likewise very useful But above all the Sulphur taken from the Dross of the Regulus of Antimony after this manner After you have separated the Sulphur Auratum by a second Precipitation take the same strain'd Liquor and pour on some distill'd Vinegar and Spirit of Urine It precipitates a noble Sulphur of incomparable use against an Epilepsy Three Grains may be given to adult Persons Next to the fix'd Sulphurs of Antimony is Vitriol It s fix'd Anodyn Sulphur and its sulphureous volatil Spirit right prepar'd are mightily applauded by Helmont and Paracelsus The common Spirit of Vitriol is corrosive not volatil but the true volatil Spirit is drawn from Vitriol expos'd to the Air and the preceding Phlegm is chamfer'd The Spirit drawn from Vitriol and human Urine is an excellent Medicine for the Alcali of the Urine dissolves the Metallin Sulphur and the Spirit renders it volatil In like manner any other vegetable Spirit mix'd with Vitriol yields a cephalic Spirit of Vitriol which may be mix'd with Spirit of human Blood and exhibited in an hereditary Epilepsy Amber concludes the mineral Catalogue It yields a Spirit volatil Salt and Oil which may be mix'd with Spirit of Hartshorn or of human Blood Sometimes Camphyr may be added which is a noted Pacific and of singular use together with Opium against the Epilepsies arising from the Womb. The Methods of prescribing these Specifics are as follows Take of Black-cherry-water Lilly Convally-water and Langius's Epileptic Water of each one Ounce Spirit of Hartshorn succinated or rectify'd Spirit of a human Skull a Dram Syrup of Clove Gilly flowers an Ounce Mix.
proper If it proceed from metallin or mercurial Fumes Cinnabar of Antimony and antimonial Sulphurs ought to be mix'd with human Bones and exhibited in order to procure Sweat The Decoction of Elecampane and Fennel Roots in Wine taken Morning and Evening the Person being cover'd in order to sweat is famous for expelling and correcting Mercury in the Body Leaves of Gold or Medicines partaking of Gold are proper in this case to be given inwardly and an Ointment of Gold may be applied outwardly As for external Remedies Forestus recommends rubbing and washing the Part with fresh Urine In room of which you may use what follows Take of Aqua Articularis for external use three or four Ounces Spirit of Earth-worms an Ounce and a half Spirit of Ants six or eight Drams Essence of Castor three or four Drams mix and bathe the part affected Petrus à Castro orders the part to be frequently fomented with distill'd Water of Nettles The Leaves of an Ash infus'd in Lees are commended If the Trembling be inveterat the natural Bathes or artificial Bathes of a Decoction of Ants ty'd in a Bag are incomparably useful CHAP. III. Of the Diseases in which the Animal Spirits cease to move ART I. Of an Apoplexy WHEN Persons are seiz'd with Apoplexies they are like dead People in every respect except the beating of their Pulse Breathing and the color of their faces If the Respiration be much impair'd the Pulse very low and scarce perceptible and the Person snort and froth at the Mouth 't is a violent Fit If the whole Body be equally seiz'd 't is an universal Apoplexy If only one side of the Head and Body or the Trunk of the Body alone or a particular part by it self be affected while the others are at ease 't is call'd a particular Apoplexy 'T is usual among Writers to refer the Apoplexies of particular Parts to Palsies but indeed these Disorders of particular Members proceeding from internal Causes and call'd by them Paralytic were by the Antients accounted slight Apoplexies Vid. Hip. Sect. 2. Aph. 42. The Cause of Apoplexies may be deriv'd from the failure of the motion of the Animal Spirits either in the Cerebrum or Cerebellum If in the latter the Circulation of the Blood and Motion of the Heart are in a manner quite extinguish'd If the Animal Spirits be hindred to visit the Heart by the Convulsion of its Nerves or such other Causes the same effect will follow These Causes are call'd Privative which do not affect the Spirits immediatly but only prevent their Excursions or withdraw the matter of their Generation as all Obstructions of the Brain a Fall c. The positive Causes are such as stupify the Spirits or render 'em unfit for performing their Office as narcotic Medicines c. A privative Apoplexy is occasion'd by stopping the Circulation of the Blood This is caus'd either by an Obstruction in the Brain imprisoning the Spirits or by the Compression tearing or breaking of the Blood-vessels As when external Violence is us'd an Apoplexy may be caus'd by the Ligature or Compression of the Carotid Arteries and consequently the interruption of the Blood in its Passage to the Brain This Hippocrates understood by his Obstructio Venae it being customary among the Antients to signify by Veins the Arteries and Nerves The other privative Apoplexies proceeding from internal Causes are rather owing to the stoppage of the Blood in the Veins and its subsequent Stagnation in or Distention of the Brain for suppose one of the Carotid Arteries were straiten'd by some internal Cause the other Artery communicating with it would supply the Brain with Blood and so no Apoplexy would insue upon that occasion 'T is the hindrance therefore of the Reflux of the Blood and its subsequent Stagnation that in internal cases distends the Brain straitens its Passages extinguishes the motion of the Animal Spirits and so causes the Apoplexy Sometimes the Blood is so thick and congeal'd that of it self it stops in the Vessels within the Brain without any determination to that effect from the Blood Vessels as in Heart-swooning which is a case not only parallel but near a kin to this it stagnates in the Lungs The Antients deriv'd the cause of an Apoplexy from a Collection of Serum in the Ventricles of the Brain but Anatomical Dissections make it appear that the Brains of Apoplectic Persons are not always molested with any such matter and that several People are who were never seiz'd with an Apoplexy in their Lives It remains therefore to be concluded that the immediat Cause of all Apoplexies is the Abolition either of the motion of the animal Spirits or of the Circulation of the Blood The remote Causes with reference to a defective Circulation of the Blood are sudden Cold excessive Heat gormandizing in a sedentary way of Living washing the Head with warm Water and then exposing it to the Cold Swellings in the Scull suppression of wonted Evacuations of Blood using Dragons Blood after violent Purges immoderat Venery especially in old Age Anger and all turbulent Passions of the Mind With reference to the motion of the animal Spirits the remote Causes of Apoplexies are a Contusion or violent Commotion of the Brain by Thunder Cannon shooting c. any sudden and impetuous Force that drives inwards the Lymph which waters the Cortical part of the Brain Impostumes or any vitious matter lodg'd in the Head all which straiten the Passages of the Brain and Original of the Nerves and so cramp the Spirits that they cannot perform their wonted Office Excessive Drinking may occasion a Prevalency or Redundancy of Serum in the Brain that presses down the Walls of the Passages Accordingly we sometimes meet with great quantities of Serum in dissecting the Heads of such as die of Apoplexies The Small-pox or Scab struck inwards and several other Causes may likewise produce the same effect Upon this account I shall not scruple to admit the distinction of privative Apoplexies into such as are Sanguin and those which are Serous tho a nice Theorist might cavil against it The former kind is apt to invade those whose Blood is thick and prone to congeal the latter for most part seizes old decrepit Catarrhous Constitutions Mercurial and subterranean Vapors not only clog the Spirits but thicken the Blood and so cause a privative Apoplexy As for positive Apoplexies caus'd by an immediat Depravation and Fixation of the Spirits I am of Helmont's Opinion that not only external things but an internal Ferment bred in the Stomac oft-times causes ' em This I am induc'd to believe by these Considerations 1. Vomits sharp Clysters and stomachic Medicines are sovereign Remedies against a positive Apoplexy which is a sign that the Stomac is concern'd 2. The Steams of Coals Smoak of Tobacco and eating ungrateful Food cause Apoplexies Now undoubtedly these affect the mouth of the Stomac most immediatly 3. I remember an instance of a Woman that was seiz'd with a
spoonful of strong Lavender Water and half an Ounce of the Juice of Violets Dose the Bigness of a Walnut to be taken every Morning and after Dinner Let the Person take some drops of Spirit of Sal Armoniac anisated or the Carminative Spirit de tribus Some distil a urinous Spirit from Rocket-seeds and Quick lime which is of admirable use Spirit of Black Cherries is receiv'd by all as a great Specific And likewise the Spirit of Vitriol thus prepar'd Take of Hungarian Vitriol calcined in the Sun a convenient quantity with Spirit of Wine drawn off from Aromatic Plants reduce it to the consistence of a Pultise Let it stand and digest some weeks and then distill with an open fire Take the Spirit thus drawn off and distil it thro an Alembic 't will come off chafer'd when it appears Cloudy change the Receptacle and receive a volatil Spirit of Vitriol Mix all the Spirits and after digestion cohobat ' em Maebius his Apoplectic Spirit is very useful viz. Take of the Flowers of Lilly Convally six pound Cinamom one pound Zedoary half a pound Saffron an Ounce Mace and Cloves of each half an Ounce Let 'em digest in Spanish Wine for a Month and then distil the Spirit in which steep the following Ingredients Take Roots of Valerian Swallowwort and Piony of each two Ounces the Leaves of Baum Oak of Jerusalem and Rosemary of each three handfuls Lime-tree-flowers six handfuls Flowers of Lavender Spike Sage and Thyme of each a handful Macerat them in the Spirit for a month in a close Vessel then add a sufficient quantity of Spanish Wine and distil the Spirit which may afterwards be rectify'd upon-Amber Mosch and Camphyr 'T is a noble Apoplectic Medicine but is not fit to be given in the Paroxysm For such inflammable oily Spirits have a stupifying quality and are very offensive to some People In a sanguin Apoplexy the volatil urinous Spirits and lean volatil Salts are preferable to these sulphurous Medicines Essence of Castor mix'd with vegetable Spirits Spirit of Sal Armoniac camphoris'd the volatil Salts of human Blood human Scull c. are all much approv'd In fine from the infinit variety of Apoplectic Medicines I shall single out the following Recipe's Take of Quintessence of Rosemary two Drams and a half Quintessence of Lavender a Dram and a half mix and give twenty drops every Morning and in the Evening thirty drops of Spirit of Sal Armoniac Or Take of the Essence of Castor a Dram and a half Spirit of Sal Armoniac anisated Spirit of Sal Armoniac succinated of each a Dram. Dose thirty or forty drops twice a Day Take of the Waters of the Flowers of the Lime-tree Lavender and Primroses of each an Ounce Apoplectic Water Spirit of Black Cherries of each a Dram and a half Essence of Primroses three Drams volatil Salt of Amber half a Dram Syrup of Clove Gilly-flowers an Ounce and a half Mix. Dose two spoonfuls every three hours Take of Mint Water Lilly Convally Water Black Cherry Water of each an Ounce Spirit of Black Cherries three Drams Essence of Castor a Dram and a half volatil Salt of Hartshorn a Scruple volatil Salt of Amber half a Scruple Syrup of Clove Gilly-flowers half an Ounce Poterius's Diaphoretic Gold given with Conserve of Clove Gilly-flowers is a famous Specific Likewise the following Pouder Take of prepar'd red Coral a Dram Cinnabar of Antimony half a Dram volatil Salt of Amber a Scruple Cubebs half a Dram. Make a Pouder Or Take of the Conserves of Sage-flowers Rosemary-flowers and Clove Gilly-flowers of each half an Ounce Confection Alkermes Mustard-seeds of each three Drams Cardamoms Cubebs and Mace of each half a Dram. With Syrup of Clove Gilly-flowers make an Electuary Take of the Conserves of Rosemary and Lavender-flowers Conserve of Baum of each an Ounce candy'd Orange-peel six Drams candy'd Ginger half an Ounce Mustard-seeds Rocket-seeds of each three Drams Cubebs Cinnamon Cardamoms volatil Salt of Amber of each a Dram. With Syrup of Clove Gilly-flowers make an Electuary Take of Conserve of Mint two Ounces Conserve of Rosemary-flowers one Ounce Pouder of Mustard-seeds six Drams Cinamom Cloves of each half a Dram volatil Salt of Amber a Dram distill'd Oils of Mint and of Mace of each eight Drops With a sufficient quantity of the Confection Alkermes make an Electuary Take of the Conserves of Rosemary-flowers and of Sage-flowers of each an Ounce and a half Ginger candy'd in the Indies Mustard-seeds of each six Drams prepar'd red Coral a Dram and a half Unicorn Cinnabar of Antimony volatil Salt of Amber of each a Dram distill'd Oil of Amber half a Dram. With the Brodium of Ginger make an Electuary Take of Confection Alkermes or Conserve of Clove Gilly-flowers an Ounce and a half Nutmegs candy'd two Drams Rocket-seeds two Drams Cumin-seeds a Dram prepar'd Amber a Dram and a half Cardamoms Cubebs and Cinnamom of each a Scruple Spirit of Black Cherries a Dram. With Syrup of Clove Gilly-flowers make an Electuary Take of Conserve of Rosemary-flowers Conserve of Sage-flowers of each half an Ounce Confection Alkermes two Drams Pouder of Castor the Pouder Diambra and Diamoschus dulcis of each a Scruple Cinnabar of Antimony distill'd Oil of Amber of each half a Dram. With Syrup of Clove Gilly-flowers make an Electuary Take of the Pouders Diambra and Diamoschus dulcis of each a Dram prepar'd Pearls prepar'd red Coral of each a Scruple prepar'd white Amber four Scruples Confection Alkermes two Drams Extract of the Roots of Elecampane two Scruples Extract of Orris half a Dram Extract of Aromatic Calamus a Scruple Extract of Piony and of the wood Aloe of each half a Scruple the distill'd Oils of Sage Rosemary and Amber of each sixteen Drops distill'd Oil of Lavender twenty Drops the distill'd Oils of Spike Aniseeds Fennel Mace and Nutmegs of each twelve Drops distill'd Oils of Cubebs and Cloves of each eight Drops distill'd Oil of Rue six Drops fine Sugar seven Ounces Mix c. This was Kolbius's Mixture so much celebrated for its Vertue against Apoplexies But it may be rendred more effectual by adding Rocket-seeds and Mustards-seeds All these Prescriptions are proper to be us'd both in and after the Paroxysm Now in pursuance of the preserving Cure let us view the evacuating Medicines fit to be given after or before the Paroxysm Among which Vomits obtain the Precedency as Mercurius Vitae Or Take of Mynsichtius his Emetic Tartar two Grains Sal Armoniac nine Grains Make a Pouder Or Take of Tartar vitriolated six Grains Mynsichtius's Emetic Tartar two Grains Scammony sulphurated one Grain Purgative Medicines are next in order As Take of Crato's Pills of Amber Extract of Wormwood of each half a Scruple Extract of Troches Alhandal one Grain distill'd Oil of Amber two Drops With Essence of Primroses make Pills Take of sweet Mercury a Scruple Scammony sulphurated five Grains With Conserve of Clove Gilly-flowers make a Bolus Take of
Ruffus his Pills de tribus half a Scruple Extract of black Hellebor five Grains Tartar vitriolated three Grains With distill'd Oil of Caraways make Pills Take of Gum Ammoniac dissolv'd in Vinegar Bdellium dissolv'd in Vinegar of each half a Dram Vitriol of Steel calcinated till it become white a Scruple Magistery of the Gum of Peru fifteen Grains Scammony prepar'd according to Brendelius's Method a Scruple Extract of Troches Alhandal six Grains make a Mass for Pills fifteen of which are one Dose The Decoction of sudorific Woods are very proper in the declination of the Paroxysm and ought to be continued for some time If these and such like Remedies do not accomplish the Cure we must have recourse to Setums Cuppingglasses Issues c. If the Person be of a Catarrhous Constitution an Issue in the pit of the Neck is very proper But these external Helps are of no use in positive Apoplexies in the privative indeed where the Blood or Lymph is faulty they frequently afford relief The Plaister de Ranis with Mercury mix'd with Balsam of Peru dissolv'd with the Yelk of an Egg may be applied to the Head with good success When the Disease declines a Salivation perhaps may not be improper ART II. Of particular Apoplexies WHEN an Apoplexy seizes a particular part 't is call'd Paraplegia and by most of Writers is referr'd to Palsies but the frequent reciprocal Permutation of general Apoplexies and Paraplegia's vouch for their near alliance Sometimes it is only a retainer to a universal Apoplexy at other times it comes of it self in the form of a principal Disease It admits of three degrees 1. When the Sense of the Part remains and only its motion is lost 2. When 't is depriv'd both of Sense and Motion but retains its natural heat 3. When 't is destitute of Sense Motion and Heat and becomes flaccid and soft Some assign the Obstruction of the Nerves for its Cause but Experience teaches us that it may proceed by consent from other parts from Hysteric Fits Worms in the Guts and the Pastions of the Mind The true cause seems to be the contraction of the nervous Parts about the root of the Spinal Marrow which interrupts the intercourse of the Spirits to the part affected perhaps by the consent of the Nerves as the Stone in the Kidneys is wont to stupify the Leg of the respective side It undergoes a frequent Permutation into Convulsions and Palsies The manner of its succession to privative Apoplexies is accounted for above It succeeds likewise to positive Apoplexies and in that case seems to be tinctur'd with a convulsive Quality The Method of cure is the same as that of an universal Apoplexy Vomits are always proper especially if it follow an universal Apoplexy As Take of Mercurius Vitae two Grains Scammony sulphurated three Grains with Conserve of Bugloss-flowers make a Bolus If Vomiting be very uneasy to the Patient give a strong Purge As Take of Resin of Jalap half a Scruple dissolve it with the yelk of an Egg in Fumitory Water six drams Cinnamom Water a Dram. Mix. When it follows privative Apoplexies Bloodletting is proper otherwise it ought to be avoided except in the case of a Plaethora Issues Blistering Plaisters laid on the Pit of the Neck and scarify'd Cupping-glasses applied between the Shoulders are likewise useful against this privative sort These general Remedies being premis'd Sudorifics come next as the volatil Salts and Spirits of human Scull or human Blood and all Apoplectic or Epileptic Specifics The Decoction of Woods with Juniper and Laurel-berries and Roots of Elecampane is very much us'd for this purpose As Take of Sassafras Wood two Ounces Rosemary-leaves a handful or two fresh juicy Juniper-berries or Laurel-berries an Ounce and a half or two Ounces boil 'em in a Balneum Mariae in Wine and Water of each a pound and a half with an Alembic Mix the strain'd Decoction and the distill'd Liquor and add of Spirit of Juniper-berries four Ounces Spirit of Sal Armoniac three or four Drams Syrup of Clove Gilly-flowers three Ounces Mix and give a large draught thrice a day Poterius's Diaphoretic Gold is admirably fitted for this Case He either prepar'd it of Gold calcined by Amalgamation or mix'd Aurum fulminans with a double quantity of flowers of Sulphur and reduc'd it to a Pouder of a purple Colour by putting red hot Coals into the Crucible then digested it for fifteen days in rectify'd Spirit of Wine impregnated with Aniseeds and afterwards separated the Spirit either by distillation or deflagration and reserv'd the Pouder for use 'T is not fit to be given in a liquid form for that it sinks to the bottom but thus Take of Conserve of Clove Gilly-flowers a Dram Diaphoretic Gold from fifteen Grains to a Scruple Make a Bolus for two Doses Or Take of prepar'd human Scull prepar'd Unicorn's Horn of each fifteen Grains Diaphoretic Gold half a Scruple Mix. Or Take of human Scull prepar'd without fire prepar'd red Coral of each fifteen Grains fulminatory Gold three Grains Mix. Or Take of human Scull prepar'd without fire prepar'd Unicorn's Horn of each twelve Grains fulminatory Gold four Grains volatil Salt of Vipers six Grains Mix. After the first Dose of these Pouders the Person may take a spoonful or two of Spirit of Triacle and then make account to sweat Cinnabar of Antimony is likewise a noble Sudorific As Take of Cinnabar of Antimony fifteen Grains Amber half a Scruple volatil Salt of Amber five Grains make a Pouder Or Take of prepar'd human Scull prepar'd red Coral Cinnabar of Antimony of each half a Scruple distill'd Oils of Cinnamom and of Cloves of each a Drop Make a Pouder to be taken in a convenient Vehicle Or Take of Black Cherry Water Lilly Convally Water Mint Water of each an Ounce Spirit of Black Cherries six Drams Cinnabar of Antimony half a Dram volatil Salt of Hartshorn fifteen Grains Syrup of Clove Gilly-flowers an Ounce Mix. For an Apoplexy of the Hands foment the Pit of the Neck with distill'd Oils and spirituous Waters If the Feet be affected apply them to the Loins and neighbouring Parts But fat express'd Oils must be avoided Take of Mustardseeds one part Juniper-berries two parts bruise and infuse them in Spirit of Wine which reserve for Fomentation Take of Spirit of Wine camphoris'd or Spirit of Ants three Ounces Spirit of Earthworms an Ounce and a half Essence of Castor six Drams Spirit of Sal Armoniac with Quicklime three Drams mix and bathe the Back-bone immediatly after sweating applying afterwards a warm Cloth fumigated with Gum Ammoniac or rubbing it with distill'd Oils mix'd with Oil of Tartar or some of the Oils of the fat and hard parts of Animals strip'd of their nauseous stink by frequent Cohobation upon their Caput Mortuum If they are of themselves too sharp or apt to draw Blisters qualify 'em with the Oil of Earthworms by decoction If the part affected be apt to
Sort they are esteem'd Signs of Recovery In regulating the method of Cure we must heedfully distinguish the privative apoplectic Palsies from the positive sort If the former arise from external Causes the Cure turns upon their removal and inunctions of the part with the Queen of Hungary's Water Rock Oil Oil of Juniper Oil of Lavender and above all Balsam of Peru. Internally nothing equals Oil of Lavender taken to the quantity of four or six drops in bed in order to sweat for which purpose distill'd Oil of Amber is likewise proper If they proceed from internal Causes Sudorific and Cephalic Medicines are us'd in the same manner as for particular Apoplexies and in an inveterat Case a Salivation is the last Refuge As for positive Palsies the peccant matter must be corrected and discharg'd by aromatic and volatil Sudorifics and the nervous Parts corroborated and restor'd to life by the external application of penetrating meagre Oils In order to compass these ends 't will be needful to observe the following Rules 1. Since the peccant matter is an Acid that owes its Original to the first Passages Saline Digestives Vomits and sharp Clysters ought to be premis'd and whatever purgative Medicines are us'd they must be very gentle especially in the beginning 2. A temperat milk Diet ought to be closely pursu'd for that it vanquishes any Acid and supplies the Nerves with a Chyl-like Juice capable to repair their loss of moisture occcasion'd by copious Sweats 3. When a Palsy is caus'd by a Colic or Scurvy by all means avoid strong Purges lest Convulsions insue Soft Laxatives in which black Hellebor is the chief Ingredient may be ventur'd upon Or Clysters impregnated with Carminative Oils may be frequently injected but at first they must be gentle and soft as those of Milk and Turpentine c. and in the progress of the Disease if the Patient reap no benefit by 'em you may add a small Whet 4. Fat viscous Oils are improper for external Use Penetrating and spirituous Liniments are only convenient and ought always to be us'd immediately after Sweating while the Pores are yet open Indeed if the Person be scorbutic temperat things are best to begin with And when the affected part begins to wither and the Person withal is of a choleric Constitution 't is advisable to abstain from applying these subtil volatil Remedies But where a Palsy proceeds from a Corruption of the Lymph and the part is swell'd up they are very needful 5. If the stopping of any wonted Evacuation of Blood give rise to a Palsy repeated Blood-letting is wont to finish the Cure I am now advanc'd to the Prescriptions of proper Remedies For Vomiting the Flowers of Antimony with Extract of Scammony are recommended by Hartman For Purging Sweet Mercury is much applauded by Sylvius and Turpentin by Platerus Hellebor and Turbith are generally approv'd but Coloquintida ought always to be added for a Whet. Take of the Arthritic Pills a Scruple Scammony sulphurated four Grains Extract of Troches Alhandal a Grain With Essence of Sage make Pills Or Take of the Herbs Germander and Groundpine of each a handful Flowers of Rosemary of Primroses and of Sage of each two little handfuls Roots of Angelica Masterwort and Florentin Orris of each three Drams Roots of black Hellebor a Dram pick'd Senna six Drams Roots of common Spurge half a Dram Cardamoms and Cubebs of each three Drams Salt of Tartar a Dram and a half Mix for a Bag to be infus'd in Wine Sudorific Decoctions of Guajacum Burdoc c. are much in use But Willis has remark'd that those whose Blood is stuff'd with a fix'd Salt and not much diluted with inspid Serum are apt to be offended by Sweating The internal Specifics for this Disease are much the same as those for Apoplexies and Epilepsies The Decoction of Rosemary over a gentle Fire in Balneum Mariae mix'd with a little Essence of Castor is a noble Medicine A large draught of it ought to be taken in the Morning with a fasting Stomac Primroses French Lavender distill'd Oils of Lavender and Amber are much approv'd The Decoction of Elecampane is a sovereign Remedy for Palsies arising from a Colic Sassafras and Guajacum are of excellent use especially the former Rosemary and Juniper or Bay-berries ought always to be boil'd with em Poterius found great benefit by the following Prescription Take of the shavings of Sassafras Wood one Ounce Bay-berries an Ounce and a half boil them in six pound of Wine to three pound and reserve it for use Instead of the Decoctions of these Woods Essences and Spirits may be prepar'd from 'em that are of singular use Lindanus recommends a Wood call'd Pavana given to the quantiry of two Scruples in a spoonful of Spirit of Wine It procures Vomiting Purging and Sweating without impairing the strength of the Person Millet-seeds are likewise very proper for procuring Sweat The volatil Preparations of Tartar are wonderfully extoll'd It s volatil Salt or Spirit drawn from the dregs of Wine or stinking Oil of Tartar or the Spirit of Tartar cohobated with tartaris'd Spirit of Urine are very useful in Cholic Hypochondriac and Scorbutic Palsies Sylvius was wont to cure Cholic Palsies with his Sal volatile Oleosum Next are the Spirit and volatil Salt of Urine prepar'd by putrefaction Spirit of Sal Armoniac Spirit of Lavender the Spirit and volatil Salt of Vipers Spirit of Hartshorn succinated volatil Salt of Amber given along with Cinnabar of Antimony and Magistery of Pearls But above all the volatil Preparations from Worms and Ants have merited the greatest approbation If you digest a vegetable Spirit with Ants for some time you 'll have an incomparable Medicine that may be us'd both internally and externally But withal we are to remember that these volatil Remedies are not fit to be given upon the first invasion of the Disease till the Acid in the first Passages be in a good measure vanquish'd Upon which account the fix'd Absorbents ought to lead the Van. As Take of prepar'd human Bones from a Scruple to half a Dram Cinnabar of Antimony from twelve to twenty Grains volatil Salt of Amber from ten to twelve Grains Make a Pouder for two Doses Now after a discreet use of such like fix'd Medicines is the time to exhibit the volatil Sudorifics Poterius's Diaphoretic Gold is a noted Specific Six Grains may be given for a Dose Helmont commends the volatil Tincture of Coral I have seen an admirable Tincturemade with volatil Spirit of Tartar in his Majesty of Great Britain's Laboratory but Mr. Febure conceal'd the way of Preparation If a positive Palsy proceed from the Relaxation or prevailing Moisture of any Part 't is convenient to anoint both the Part it self and the Back-bone with the following Liniment Take of human and Goose Fat of each an Ounce Oil of Earth three Drams Mix. Tacamahac and Balsam of Peru are fit for the same use The Plaister for the Nerves of
Urine in which case Take of Pellitory of the Wall two handfuls of Parsley the whole Herb one handful Boil them in Water Bruise them into a Pulp and with two Ounces of Oil of Scorpions make a Cataplasm to be applied to the Pubes Or Let the Pubes and Perinaeum be fomented and then anointed with the following Liniment viz. Take of Cony Fat or Ointment of Marshmallows an Ounce Oil of Scorpions half an Ounce Mix c. Of Melancolic Deliriums THE Doatings of Melancoly are free from a Feaver They ought to be heedfully distinguish'd from the Melancoly it self which is a principal Disease arising from internal Causes attended by a sorrowful fullen peevish pensive Humour an unaccountable Straitness and Anxiety of the Breast a proneness to Anger and a facility of being frighted Whereas those are for the most part occasion'd by external Causes The Epithet of Melancoly is join'd to them not as if Melancoly and Grief were inseparable Companions for some are merry and sportive but because they proceed from a vicious fix'd acid Humour which the Antients call'd Melancoly All Persons seiz'd with this sort of Doating have peculiar Symptoms and Humours according to the variety of their Objects and the manner in which they are carried out in pursuit of ' em But in general they all jump in the following Particulars 1. The Mind and Thought are always confin'd to one Object or one Set of Objects 2. Fear and Anxiety still haunt them tho they imagin themselves rich Monarchs c. and seem to be tickl'd with the Fancy yet still the Joy is but short-liv'd and Fear Vexation and Trouble fill its room 3. They all sleep little or none at all or if they happen to sleep are still haunted with fearful Dreams and scaring Phantasms 4. All of 'em have their lucid Intervals 5. The Disease is more apt to disappear or remit upon some sudden alteration of Diet or any other such occasional Cause than by all the force and application of Art 6. The Source of the Disease is always seated in the lower Belly Upon which account Vomiting is the most sovereign Remedy 7. The Cure never succeeds without abating the immoderat Watchings 8. Foolish Deliriums are ofttimes cur'd by foolish Remedies which serve only to rectify the Fancy as a Man imagining Serpents to be in his Belly was cur'd by conveying Serpents into his Excrements and giving him occasion to think that they were voided by himself We may read a great many such Instances in Thonerus Platerus Forestus c. The Seat is referable only to the Imagination or Fancy which receives the Ideas of Objects convey'd thro the external Senses and stamp'd upon the Spirits Now if these Animal Spirits degenerat from their lucid temperat Quality and perform uncouth awkward Motions the rational Soul must needs consequently entertain it self with sutable Ideas Tho this kind of Delirium be different from Melancoly it self yet it do's not invade any but such as have a Melancoly disposition of the Blood and Spirits which by the way is the true reason why it do's not always follow where its ordinary Causes take place Suppose we then that a melancoly Person meets with an Object which is extreamly agreeable or disagreeable to him and is forcibly stamp'd upon the mind by the introduction of some violent Passion Love Grief Fear c. as if a Hypocondriac Person be molested with a murmuring noise in the Guts resembling the croking of Frogs This fills him with fear and amazement It determines the Spirits to new Passages which they are unwilling to forsake The Idea of the frightful Noise still haunts his thoughts till at length by the repeated and continu'd Rack and inuring the Spirits to that unwonted particular Motion of Thought the Rational Soul is brought into a habit of entertaining and dwelling upon that Subject and so the Person is insensibly wrought into the fix'd Opinion that Frogs are lodg'd in his Belly Now that the Spirits being forcibly driven into new Channels are apt to persist in the same course and are unwilling to return to their wonted Devoirs is evidently made out by the Influence of Passion or any weighty Concern upon Watchings or the Dreams of sleeping Persons which is only owing to the proneness of the Spirits to retain the same new Passages as the preceding Business and the Commotion it occasion'd had so effectually cut out for ' em The verity of this advance may be likewise evinc'd by the many Instances of Persons liable to this Distemper The Doating that follows Melancoly being thus accounted for our next business is to offer the Causes of Melancoly it self They are either external or internal The former are such Objects as are apt to occasion violent Passions which immediatly disorder the Spirits and consequently the Blood and first Digestion The latter are such Circumstances of Diet and way of living as alter the Juices of the Body which impart the respective quality to the Blood and Spirits This Constitution of the Blood and Spirits is ofttimes natural and hereditary arising from the nature of the Seed for so much as most of our Humours and Propensity to particular Passions is owing to the natural Idio-sincrasy of the Blood and Spirits All melancoly Dispositions that have a tendency to Doating owe their immediat Original to some vicious Fermentation or Digestion in the first Passages The remote Causes may be sometimes external sometimes internal but they never reach the length of Doating till they have stamp'd a vicious Character on the Belly and its Entrails Some imagine a Chymeric Melancoly proceeding essentially from the Head but if they view the matter throughly they 'l find cause to acknowledg their Error 'T is usual to ascribe Melancoly to the Spleen And doubtless in melancolic Constitutions the Spleen may be damag'd by the Stagnation of the Blood in the Arteries and may serve to exasperat the Disease it being a part enrich'd with good store of Nerves and communicating with the wandring and intercostal Pair cannot well miss of being prejudic'd by the membranous Convulsions that Hypocondriac Persons are subject to But originally the Spleen is faultless and the principal Cause must needs be a vicious Acid bred in the first Passages that thickens the Blood and destroys its due Fermentation This is evinc'd both by the Symptoms and Method of Cure The former are a voracious Appetite a constipated Belly and Acid Belchings the visible Effects of an Acid sculking in the Stomac or first Passages As for the Cure it turns upon absorbent Anti-acid Medicines The Blood thus perverted by the prevailing Acid stands accountable for the difficult Respiration beating of the Heart and the like Symptoms It is not so productive of volatil lucid Spirits as otherwise upon which account they become stiff and more fix'd and consequently apt either to move irregularly in the Brain or still to retain the same course of Motion In the former case the Doatings are wandring and
undetermin'd In the latter the whole force and vigour of Thought is confin'd to one Object so that ofttimes the melancoly Persons are enabled to discourse and reason about it with much more accuracy than in their healthy state when other Objects claim a larger share in their Thoughts and cramp their Application to that one Oft-times the sick Person reasons calmly on any other Object beside that of his Melancoly by reason that the Spirits are not so keen and eager in pursuing the former The change of Air and Seasons or of any not natural thing sensibly alters the Crasis of the Blood and Spirits and consequently the nature of this Delirium either by quite extinguishing or heightning or depressing it or by removing it from one Object to another As Wine by altering the state of the Blood and Spirits first makes some Men cheerful then inspires 'em with a talkative Humour afterwards disposes 'em to Strife Anger Madness c. and last of all covers 'em with drousiness and sleep Melancoly being grounded on the Constitution of the Blood and Spirits becomes an inveterat Companion and ofttimes propagates it self by an hereditary Succession especially among Women who convey the Legacy to their Daughters that surely visits 'em when with Child or upon point of delivery if not at other times It is ofttimes cur'd by the Stratagem of cheating the Patient into a contrary Humour or Passion which if forcible and strong recals the Spirits from the Passages in which they deviate 'T is highly necessary to obviat Melancoly betimes before its Settlement Now a melancolic Disposition is usher'd in by these Signs The Person is troubled in sleep and haunted by aukward Dreams he becomes fullen and sorrowful and courts solitude he is pensive and apt to dwell long upon one thought and is timorous to a high degree If he begin to tell ridiculous Stories and withal is full of his own Wisdom the Delirium is at hand Let the Causes be diligently inquir'd after If it proceed from the Passions of the Mind the Pulse is low inconstant contracted ofttimes unequal and sometimes resembles the Motion of Emmets or Worms and when the Mind is unbended by chearfulness c. the Pulse is proportionably alter'd If Melancoly steal on by degrees without the influence of external Objects and be follow'd by wandring unfix'd Deliriums it proceeds from the Hypochondriac Distemper and is attended by the Palpitation of the Heart Anxiety of the Breast acid Belchings a murmuring noise in the Guts constipation of the Belly Wind an uneasy obscure Pain in the left side of the Abdomen with a Pulsation in the same place or in the Back a notable heat in the Forehead and wandring Inflammations over the Body If it proceed immediatly from the Depravation of the Blood it remits now and then the Patient is querulods and anxious oppress'd with Grief and Sorrow and a frequent Palpitation of the Heart If Melancoly be caus'd by Passions of the Mind or external Objects 't is much more easily cur'd than when it ows its Original to the internal Indisposition of the Blood and Spirits If it be follow'd by Doting recur frequently or claim a hereditary Privilege it accompanies the Person to the Grave If it be occasion'd by preceding Diseases as Feavers Phrensies c. a regular Diet carries it off It is more uncommon among Women than among Men yet the Cure of the former is more difficult especially if they be with Child or pass'd the season of their Terms If the Countenance be chearful If the Delirâ—ums begin to relent If the Urine exchange its thin Consistence for that which appears thick muddy and black If a Flux of the Emrods or Womb insue If a Sâ—ab and such like Eruptions beset the Skin we hope a Recovery If the Person be subject to uncouth Laughter or Crying immoderat Grief attended by a sort of Fury it tends to a Palsy or Apoplexy or Convulsions If he obstinatly decline eating or drinking or totally deprive himself of Sleep he posts to his Grave We are now arriv'd at the Method of Cure which consists in rectifying the Blood and Spirits by proper Correctives and reducing the Animal to orderly Motions The following Remarks are worthy our observation upon this matter 1. The remote Cause must be taken off either by moral Perswasions or deceiving the Person with some cunning Stratagem so as to bring him off the melancolic Fancy If the Cause be internal as suppression of the Terms the hypocondriac Disease c. it must be particularly taken care of In geneneral the hypocondriac Specifics and comforting Cephalic Medicines are always proper 2. Vomiting is an essential part of the Cure and ought to be frequently repeated 3. Let the Physician be very cautious in visiting the Patients alone for they hate the Person that pretends to cure 'em and retain the Odium even after they are cur'd 4. When the melancolic Fancy is deeply lodg'd within 'em they ought to be undeceiv'd by the means of some Stratagem or Trick 5. By all means the Belly must be kept open If it do not answer every day of it self let Clysters or lenitive Draughts provoke it 6. During the Solstices and Equinoxes the Person ought to ply proper Preservatives for fear of the Relapses which are wont to happen at those times 7. Blood-letting is improper excepting the Case of Suppressions Inflammations and Plethora's or where Madness is fear'd Willis fancies that when the old unactive Blood is drawn forth it gives occasion to the Generation of new spirituous Blood but he should have remembred that 't is Blood that begets Blood and that by Blood letting Stupidity and dull Folly is promoted Trepanations Issues and blistering Plaisters are sometimes us'd with Success 8. In the beginning of the Disease Purgatives may succeed to Vomits but in the progress of the Distemper they are very improper Dieuretics are incomparable Medicines for this Disease Melancolic People naturally void large quantities of Urine and its deep Tincture muddiness or blackness betokens the declension of the Distemper 10. The Hypochondria must be particularly taken care of in all sorts of Melancolies 11. By all means let Sleep be promoted by moist temperat Food c. 12. Opiats ought not to be exhibited alone nor before the Acid in the Stomac be remov'd by the universal Evacuations They ought to be mix'd with Specific and moistening Ingredients Externally Anodyn Fomentations for the Head Washes for the Feet c. are very proper 13. Their Diet must be very regular Their Food nourishing moist and temperat as Milk Raisins Apples c. A Glass of generous Wine is very proper now and then a moderat Exercise and the regular Evacuation of Excrements ought to be heedfully procur'd Now of the Medicines answering the foresaid intentions Antimony is the chief both in its vomiting and purgative Capacity but especially the former This and all other Emetics must be given in very large Doses tho it is proper to
form of a Syrup Let the Patient snuff up five or six drops in the Morning fasting leaning his head backwards and holding warm Water in his mouth The Obstruction of the Nostrils may be caus'd by a Polypus or fleshy Excrescency that fills up the space Sometimes it rises from the glandulous Membran at the top of the Nostrils but more frequently from the nervous Filaments in the sieve-like Bone Sometimes it descends to the inside of the Mouth Sometimes it has but one stalk at other times more It s Colour is white or red if it be livid and painful 't is near akin to a Cancer It proceeds from the Corruption and Redundancy of the nutritious Juice and the occasional breach of the Unity of the Part. If it be white soft and painless it is a good sign If 't is deep rooted and reaches to the nervous Filaments 't is dangerous The Cure is chiefly perform'd by external Applications If the Body be disorder'd 't is not improper to prepare it by internal evacuating and altering Medicines The external Remedies must be us'd in the last quarter of the Moon because the Swelling then decreases The milder sort are the juice of Pomegranats Mustard-seeds mix'd with Vinegar the juice of Onopostus a sort of Thistle the Pouder of Turnsole the Juice of Watercresses or the Juice of the roots of Aron all which may be applied with Cotton to the part affected The fiercer Remedies are sublimate Mercury Verdigreese and Lees the Acid mineral Spirits Aqua fortis c. As Take of the Juice of Pomegranats three parts Oil of Vitriol one part mix Or take of the Oil of Vitriol a scruple burnt Alum a dram Plantain Water an ounce mix and sprinkle the Polypus with it Or Take of the Cerecloth of Myrtles an ounce of the Ointment call'd Aegyptiacum two drams mix for a Liniment you may sharpen it with precipitat Mercury frequently wash'd Or Take of the Ointment Aegyptiacum half an Ounce the Rinds of Pomegranats and Galls of each half a dram Oil of Vitriol a scruple Mix and touch the Polypus with it every day In applying these Caustics care must be taken that they touch not the neighbouring parts by using a silver Fistula or Cotton or a Tent. If a Polypus have any tendency to a Cancer it ought not to be meddled with If it be ulcerated apply the Water or Ashes of Frogs Pouder of Crabs Lead melted and dulcify'd the Crocus of Steel and such like If it only hang by one stalk it may be cut off or a thread of Silk well wax'd ty'd about the root After 't is taken off the bleeding must be stopp'd by Astringents and the Pouder of Gentian with the Juice of Figwort applied on a Tent to the Nostrils in order to prevent its return The Smell may be adulterated by an Ulcer in the Nostrils call'd Ozaena which sometimes seizes only the membranous soft parts at other times the Cartilages and Bones It may occasion bleeding at the Nose or a plentiful Evacuation of sordid matter or a Corruption of the adjacent parts or a Polypus The external Causes of an Ozaena are various the internal for the most part is the Pox. It ought to be cautiously handled for fear of a Cancer If it be inveterat and affect the sieve-like Bone 't is not easily cur'd The Ulcer may be cleans'd by snuffing up the Decoction of lesser Centory and Aromatic Calamiâ—s in Wine till the patient be sensible of its falling into the Palat or Marjoram Water with Hony Myrrh Sugar Candy and a little Cinamon Take of the Ointment of Tobacco three drams Balsam of Sulphur for external use a dram mix and apply to the Ulcer The fresh Leaves of Tobacco may be put into the Nose and kept there some months then taken out and anointed with this Balsam If there appear a Crust upon the Ulcer it ought not to be remov'd by force but by applying Oil of Sweet Almonds or Oil of Roses with fresh Butter and then proceed to the cleansing Remedies among which Clary boil'd with Hony of Roses is the most noted The Decoction of Agrimony and Vervain in Hony or Child's Urine or the smoak of a red Wax-candle receiv'd at the Nostrils are proper for the same purpose Or Take of Marjoram and Plantain Water of each an ounce and a half rectify'd Spirit of Wine three drams Hony of Roses six drams mix and inject with a Syringe If it do not yield to these Medicines we must have recourse to Mercurial Preparations As Take of Plantain Water four ounces in which dissolve of Sublimat Mercury twelve grains strain the Liquor and apply it to the Ulcer Sweet Mercury well dulcify'd or precipitat Mercury with Ointment of Roses or the Ointment Aegyptiacum may be applied with a Tent to the Ulcer or Oil of Vitriol drop'd on a little Cotton may be applied twice or thrice and then follow'd by proper Ointments SECT III. Of the Disorders of the Internal Senses and Animal Functions THE Internal Senses depend upon the various Motion and Agitation of the Spirits in the Brain The Organs of External Sense communicate the Impressions they receive from Objects to the Original of the Nerves where a Motion not unlike to their own insues and is called Common Sense This Motion in the Common Sensory is imparted to the Spirits in the Corpus Callosum where the Fancy resides The Spirits thus mov'd roll to and again among the Nerves of the Cerebrum and Cerebellum and their frequent returns thro the same Passages are christen'd The Memory These Faculties are equally compatible to Men and Brutes and are distinguish'd from those of the rational Soul by their unacquaintedness with reflex Knowledg If they are disorder'd all the Functions and Motions of the Body suffer by it The natural and involuntary Motion sof the nervous Fibres that surround the Stomach and Guts depend upon the regular Recruits of Spirits convey'd thro the Nerves from the Cerebellum and those of the Muscles which obey the command of our Wills are owing to the due distribution of the Spirits from the Cerebrum This Motion of the Muscles is perform'd by contraction The Spirits croud into the Cavities of the Fibres and by extending their width abridg their length and in the interim the arterial Blood flows copiously into the middle of the musculary Fibres where it meets with least resistance Thus the bloated Muscle contracts it self and exchanges its Rhomboides Figure for a Rectangular Form CHAP. I. Of a Swimming in the Head or a preternatural Commotion of the Spirits in the Brain THERE are several degrees observable in this Distemper Sometimes there is only an apprehension that all things are carry'd round and toss'd up and down sometimes 't is attended by a dimness of the Eye-sight and a false representation of various Colours and ofttimes the Sight is quite lost and the Person falls down which is mostly follow'd by Convulsions and a tingling in the Ears The part affected is
the Eye where the Spirits wheel round and make such Impressions on the Retina as external circular Motions are wont to produce This proceeds from the irregular and confus'd Incursions of the Spirits and their imprisonment in the round Globe of the Eye The dimness and loss of Sight proceeds from the interruption and deficiency of Spirits in which case their whole System is disorder'd and the other Senses are brought into trouble If a Dizziness proceed originally from some disorder in the Brain 't is call'd essential but that rarely happens For the most part 't is a Symptom of other Diseases especially those of the Stomac For the least disturbance of the Orifice of the Stomac do's quickly disorder the Spirits in the Brain Some studious and hypochondriac Persons are apt to be seiz'd with a swimming while their Stomac is empty but by eating ward it off Vomiting generally attends it and drinking eating of windy Meat and sulphurous Fumes offensive to the Stomac are apt to cause it Old Men whose digestion is weak hysteric Women and Persons troubled with Worms in the Guts or disorders of the Spleen or Kidneys are obnoxious to it For the Contraction of the Membranes of those parts is continu'd to the Brain which resembles the ascending of Vapours and so gives occasion to the vulgar Mistake Sometimes a swimming may be caus'd by a redundancy of Blood or by its vaporous halituous Disposition as in scorbutic and hypochondriac Cases If it proceed from an original Disorder of the Brain 't is caus'd by external accidents or the accession of heterogeneous Particles or an immoderat Consumption of the Spirits A Symptomatical Dizziness is distinguish'd by the concurring Disorders of other parts and the apparent good order of the Brain If it be inveterat it portends an Apoplexy in old Persons and Convulsions in those that are young 'T is more or less fear'd according to the height of its degrees If it seize the hinder part of the head more than the fore part 't is more dangerous The Cure of preservation takes place after the Paroxysms and is perform'd by Vomits and stomachic Medicines when it owes its Original to the Stomac If the Stomac be not faulty gentle Purges may stand in the room of Vomits But fierce Purgatives ought always to be carefully avoided Upon the whole Dizziness and Convulsions require the same Remedies In the time of the Fit 't is necessary to commence the Cure by a Vomit by reason that for the most part it arises from the Disorders of the Stomac or at least sharp Clysters must be injected Take Mysichcius his Emetic Tartar two grains Sal armoniac depurated nine grains mix and make a Pouder After vomiting Take of the Pills of Mastic a scruple Extract of Agaric five grains Scammony sulphurated two grains distill'd Oil of Amber two drops With Essence of Amber make Pills Crato's Pills of Amber with Extract of Coloquintida or the Pills call'd Aloephanginae are likewise proper Or Take of sweet Mercury fifteen grains Scammony sulphurated three grains make a Pouder If the swimming be inveterat strong or frequent Purgatives are improper 'T is sufficient every New Moon or Full Moon to give at night a dose of gentle loosening Pills compos'd of Aloe Gum Ammoniac Myrrh Mastic and the like Bloodletting is for the most part noxious But in a suppression of a wonted Evacuation or a Redundancy or Inflammation of the Blood 't is not improper Sneezing Medicines ought to be carefully avoided Issues and Blistering Plaisters are of excellent use for old Persons or Cacochymical Dispositions In a suppression of the Piles or disorder of the Womb the Legs are their proper Seat When the Paroxysm is over the cure of preservation commences As Take of Galangal half an ounce Cubebs two drams Sugar a dram and a half make a Pouder Dose two drams with Bisket dip'd in Wine an hour or two before Supper or Dinner Or Take of Piony Seeds Coriander Seeds Nutmegs Misselto of the Oak Cubebs Galangal of each two Drams long Pepper Ginger Tormentil Roots and Rosemary Leaves of each a Dram. Make a Pouder Dose half a Dram at pleasure Elixir Proprietatis with Spirit of Mastic or Elixir of Mint or Galangal mix'd with Amber are proper to this purpose Or Take of the Conserves of Rosemary Flowers of Sage of Marjoram of each half an Ounce Ginger candi'd in the Indies Nutmegs candi'd of each three Drams Rocket Seeds Mustard Seeds of each a Dram and a half prepar'd Amber two Drams Cardamom Cubebs Galangal of each a Scruple volatil Salt of Amber half a Dram Spirit of Black-cherries a Dram. With Syrup of Clove Gillyflowers make an Electuary Dose the bigness of a Nutmeg Morning and Evening For old Persons Confection Alkermes may be added Take of the Conserves of Mint of Baum of each half a Dram Cinnabar of Antimony half a Scruple distil'd Oils of Rosemary of Amber of each two Drops with Syrup of Mint make a Bolus These are the proper Remedies for a symptomatical or less inveterat Giddiness but if it prove habitual Specifics must be added As Take of the Essences of Chervil Sage and common Basil of each a Dram Castor a Dram and a half Amber half a Dram. Dose forty or fifty Drops twice a day Or Take of Conserve of Rosemary-flowers three Ounces distill'd Oils of Boxwood which is much esteem'd Nutmegs and Mint of each half a Dram make an Electuary Dose half a Dram. Or Take of the Juices of Wormwood Horehound and Stechas Pouders of Mastic Rhubarb Germander and Ground-Pine of each three Drams Hyssop a Dram Agaric two Ounces five Drams and a half make an Electuary Or Take of Triacle of Andromachus and Conserve of Sage of each one part Conserve of Roses two parts With Honey of Rosemary-flowers make an Electuary Peacocks Dung is a famous Specific 'T is often dry'd and given in Pouder with Sugar or infus'd in Wine or any convenient Vehicle or in the form of an Electuary with Conserve of Rosemary Flowers A compound Pouder may be prescrib'd thus Take of Peacocks Dung three Ounces Male Piony Roots an Ounce Pouder of Cloves three Drams Make a Pouder The Brains of Sparrows are recommended by some As Take the Brains of fifty Sparrows Veal Brains wash'd in Wine and dried in Smoak Filberds of each an Ounce Mithridat three Drams With Syrup of Citron Peel make an Electuary The Spirit of Hartshorn prepar'd with Amber Castor and Spirit of Sal Armoniac anisated are mightily approv'd for this purpose In the mineral Province Cinnabar is a famous Specific Let it be us'd thus Take of Peacocks Dung in Pouder three Drams Cinnabar of Antimony or native Cinnabar two Drams Cubebs Galangal and volatil Salt of Amber of each half a Dram make a Pouder Add as much of distill'd Oil of Aniseeds mix'd with Sugar as sufficeth to render it grateful Take now and then as much as will lie upon the Point of a Knife or exhibit it