Selected quad for the lemma: spirit_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
spirit_n	liquor_n	yellow_a	yield_v	38	3	7.1741	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A60739	Polygraphice, or, The arts of drawing, engraving, etching, limning, painting, washing, varnishing, gilding, colouring, dying, beautifying, and perfuming in four books : exemplifyed in the drawing of men, women, landskips, countries and figures of various forms, the way of engraving, etching, and limning, with all their requisites and ornaments, the depicting of the most eminent pieces of antiquities, the paintings of the antients, washing of maps, globes or pictures, the dying of cloth, silk, horns, bones, wood, glass, stones and metals, the varnishing, colouring and gilding thereof according to any purpose or intent, the painting, colouring and beautifying of the face, skin and hair, the whole doctrine of perfumes, never published till now, together with the original, advancement and perfection of the art of painting / by William Salmon ...	Salmon, William, 1644-1713.	1673 (1673)	Wing S445; ESTC R16620	189,914	371

good Gold in Aqua regia mixed with a due quantity of a deep blew solution of crude Copper in strong spirit of Urine produces a transparent green And so blew and yellow Amel fused together in the flame of a Lamp being strongly blowed on without ceasing produces at length a green colour VIII An urinous salt largely put into the dissolution of blew Vitriol in fair water turn'd the liquor and corpuscles which resided into a yellowish colour like yellow Oker IX Verdigriese ground with salt Armoniack and the like digested for a while in a dunghil makes a glorious blew X. The true glass of Antimony extracted with acid spirits with or without Wine yields a red tincture XI Balsam of Sulphur of a deep red in the glass shaked about or dropt on paper give a yellow stain XII If Brimstone and Sal Armoniack in powder of each five ounces be mixed with quick-lime in powder six ounces and distilled in a Retort in sand by degrees you will have a volatil spirit of Sulphur of excellent redness though none of the ingredients be so So also oyl of Anniseeds mixed with oyl of Vi●riol gives in a trice a blood red colour which soon decays XIII Fine silver dissolved in Aqua fortis and precipitated with spirit of Salt upon the first decanting the liquor the remaining matter will be purely white but lying uncovered what is subject to the ambient air will lose its whiteness XIV Sublimate dissolved in a quantity of water and filtred till it is as clear as Crystal mixed in a Venice glass with good oyl of Tartar per deliquium filtred three or four drops to a spoonful yields an opacous liquor of a deep Orange colour after which if four or five drops of Oyl of Vitriol be dropt in and the glass straight way be strongly shaked the whole liquor will to admiration be colourless without sediment And if the filtred solution of sublimed Sal-armoniack and Sublimate of each alike be mixt with the solution of an Alcaly it will be white XV. Spirit of Sal Armoniack makes the solution of Verdigriese an excellent Azure but it makes the solution of Sublimate yield a white precipitate XVI So the solution of filings of Copper in spirit of Urine made by fermentation gives a lovely Azure colour which with oyl of Vitriol a few drops to a spoonful is deprived in a trice of the same and makes it like fair water And so a solution of Verdigriese in fair water mixed with strong Spirit of Salt or dephlegmed Aqua fortis makes the greenness almost totally to disappear XVII Quick-filver mixed with three or four times its weight of good oyl of Vitriol and the oyl drawn off in sand through a glass Retort leaves a snow white precipitate which by affusion of fair water becomes one of the loveliest light yellows in the world and a durable colour XVIII Tin calcined per se by fire affords a very white calx called putty Lead a red powder called Minium Copper a dark or blackish powder Iron a dirty yellowish colour called Crocus Martis and Mercury a red powder XIX Gold dissolved in Aqua Regia ennobles the Menstruum with its own colour Silver Coyn dissolved in Aqua fortis yields a tincture like that of Copper but fine silver a kind of faint blewishness Copper dissolved in spirit of Sugar drawn off in a glass Retort or in oyl or spirit of Turpentine affords a green tincture but in Aqua fortis a blew XX. Vermilion is made of Mercury and Brimstone sublimed together in a due proportion XXI Glass may have given to it a lovely golden colour with Quick silver but it is now coloured yellow generally with Calx of silver yet shell silver such as is used with pen or pencil mixed with a convenient proportion of powdered glass in three or four hours fusion gave a lovely Saferine blew XXII Glass is tinged Green by the Glass-men with the Calx of Venus which Calx mixed with an hundred times its weight of fair glass gave in fusion a blew coloured mass XXIII Putty which is Tin calcined as it is white of it self so it turns the purer sort of glass metal into a white mass which when opacous enough serves for white Amel. XXIV This White Amel is as it were the Basis of all those fine Concretes that Gold-smiths and several Artificers use in the curious art of Enamcling for this white and fuseable substance will receive into it self without spoiling them the colours of divers other Mineral substances which like it will endure the fire XXV Glass is also tinged blew with the dark mineral called Zaffora and with Manganess or Magnessia in a certain proportion which will tinge glass of a red Colour and also of a Purplish or Murry and with a greater quantity into that deep colour which passes for black XXVI Yellow Orpiment sublimed with Sea Salt yields a white and Crystalline Arsenick which Arsenick coloured with pure Nitre being duly added to Copper when 't is in fusion gives it a whiteness both within and without XXVII So Lapis Calaminaris turns Copper into Brass XXVIII And Zink duly mixed with Copper when 't is in fusion gives it the noblest golden colour that was ever seen in the best gold XXIX Copper dissolved in Aqua fortis will imbuc several bodies of the colour of the solution XXX Lastly Gold dissolved in Aqua Regia will though not commonly known dye Horns Ivories and other bones of a durable purple colour And the Crystals of Silver made with Aqua fortis though they appear white will presently dye the Skin Nails Hair Horn and Bones with a Black not to be washed off CHAP. XXIX Of Metals I. TO barden Quick-silver Cast your Lead separated from its dross into a vessel and when it begins to cool thrust in the point of a stick which take out again and cast in the Argent Vive and it will congeal then beat it in a mortar and do so often when it is hard melt it often and put it into fair water doing it so long till it is hard enough and may be hammered II. To tinge Quick-silver of the colour of gold Break it into small pieces being hardned which put into a crucible with the powder of Cadmia stratum super stratum mixed with pomegranate peels Turmerick beaten fine and Raisons cover the crucible and lute it well dry it well and then set it on a fire for six or seven hours that it may be red hot then blow it with bellows till it run which then let cool whilest covered with coles and it will have the colour of gold III. To fix Quick-silver being hardned This is done with fine powder of Crystal glass laid with the metal stratum super stratum in a crucible covered and luted heating it all over red hot and then melting of it IV. To make Quick-silver malleable First harden it by the first Section then break the metal into small pieces and boil it a quarter of

rectified spirit of Wine an ounce and a half more or less to a pint and it is done Where note 1. That unless the Spirits be highly rectified the Varnish connot be good 2. That some put into it Linseed oyl which is naught oyl of ben is better and mix them together 3. Some mix boiled Turpentine with it others Chymical oyls of deep colours as of Cloves Mace Nutmegs Caraways Cinnamon according to the intent 4. That it ought to be kept in a glass bottle close stopped lest it curdle and the gums separate CHAP. XXVI Of the manner of Varnishing I. THe intent of Varnishing is either to preserve the gloss of paintings or pictures or else to represent and imitate the forms of shining and perlucid bodies II. To varnish paintings and pictures 't is no more but with a pencil dipt in the Varnish to go over the same then letting it dry and so going over it so often as in reason you shall see convenient III. If you are to imitate any thing as Marble Tortoise shell Amber Lapis Lazuli or the like you must first make the imitation of them upon that which you would Varnish with their proper colours as in Limning or Painting with oyl which must be throughly dry then by the second Section go over all with the Varnish so often till you see it thick enough letting it dry every time leisurely For example sake IV. To imitate Marble Take of the Universal Varnish at the eleventh Section of the five and twentieth Chapter with which mingle Lamp black or other black and white Lead finely beaten and with a brush pencil marble the thing you would Varnish according to your fancy lastly being dry strike it again two or three times over with the clear varnish alone and it will be perfect V. To imitate Tortoise shell First lay a white ground then with convenient colours as Vermilion with Auripigment duly mixt with Common Varnish streak and shadow the white ground with any wild fancy as nearly imitating Tortoise shell as you can which being dry strike it here and there with the red Varnish mixed with a little Sinaper or Indian Lake then up and down the work as nature requires touch it with varnish mixed with any good black then stroke it over with Universal Varnish four or five times letting it dry every time lastly let it dry well a week and with Pumice stone in fine powder and a wet cloth polish it by rubbing then go over it again three or four times with the Universal Varnish and if need require polish it again with fine putty as before after which you may once again strike it over with the said Varnish and it will be done VI. To imitate Tortoise shell upon silver or gold A white ground being laid and smeared over with Vermilion or the like lay over the same leaves of silver or gold as we have taught in other places either with gum Ammoniacum Lake common varnish or glair this done and being dryed shadow it according to reason striking it over here and there with yellow varnish and with the yellow varnish mixed with a little red varnish all things being done in imitation of the shell strike it several times over with the Universal Varnish and polish it in all respects as before VII To imitate Lapis Lazuli Upon a ground of white Lead Spodium or the like in common Varnish being first dry lay Vltramarine or some other pure blew well mixed with the Uni●●●sal Varnish so as that the ground may not appear then with wild irregular streaks in resemblance of Nature with liquid or shell gold run straglingly all over the blew adding very small specks upon the blew part of such various colours as are usually to be seen upon the stone CHAP. XXVII Experimental Observations of Vegetable Colours in General I. A Strong infusion of galls filtred mixed with a strong and clear solution of Vitriol makes a mixture as black as Ink which with a little strong oyl of Vitriol is made transparent again after which the black colour is regained again by the affusion of a little quantity of a strong solution of salt of Tartar The first black although pale in writing yet being dry appears to be good Ink. II. Decoction of dried red roses in fair water mixed with a little filtrated solution of blew vitriol made a black colour this mixed with a little Aqua fortis turn'd it from a black to a deep red which by affusion of a little spirit of Urine may be reduced straight to a thick and black colour III. Yellow wax is whitened by dissolving it over the fire in spirit of wine letting it boil a little and then exhaling the spirit of wine or else whilst it is hot sep●rating it by filtration IV. Fair water mixed with a blood red Tincture of Benjamin drawn with spirit of wine immediately makes it of a milk white colour V. Blackness may be taken away with oyl of Vitriol so black pieces of silk or hair I have turn'd to a kind of yellow VI. A handful of Lignum Nephitrioum rasped infused in four pound of spring water yields between the light and the eye an almost golden colour unless the Infusion be too strong but with the eye between the light and it in a clear vial a lovely blew as indeed it is this with spirit of Vinegar may be made to vanish still keeping its golden colour and after with oyl of Tartar per deliquium may be restored again VII Cloths died with blew and Woad is by the yellow decoction of Luteola died into a green VIII Syrup of Violets mixed with a high solution of Gold in Aqua regia produces a reddish mixture and with a high solution of filings of Copper in spirit of Urine a lovely fair green IX Syrup of Violets mixed with a little juice of Lemons spirit of Salt vinegar or the like acid salt will be immediately red but mixt with oyl of Tartar or a solution of pot ashes it will in a moment be perfect green the like in juice of blew bottles X. A good quantity of oyl of Tartar put into a strong solution of Verdigriese gives a delightful blew which may be variously changed by adding spirit of Urine or hartshorn XI Although red roses hung over the fume of Sulphur lose all their redness and become white yet oyl of Sulphur which is nothing but the fumes condensed doth wonderfully heighten the tincture of the same XII Cochenele will have its colour far more heightned by Spirit of Urine than by rectified spirit of wine And one grain of Cochenele in a good quantity of spirit of Urine being put into one hundred twenty six ounces of water tinged it although but faintly which amounts to above one hundred twenty five thous and times its own weight XIII Twenty grains of Cochenele being mixed with an ounce of Saecharum Saturni makes a most glorious purple colour and so accordingly as the quantity is either diminished or

encreased so the purple colour shall be either lighter or deeper XIV A few Grains of Cochenele being mixed with the Lixivium of Quicklime in a due proportion makes a fading purple colour of the greatest glory imaginable in the world XV. The juice of privet berries with spirit of salt is turned into a lovely red but with a strong solution of pot ashes into a delightful green XVI Upon things red by nature as syrup of Clove-gilliflowers juice of Buckthorn berries infusion of red roses Brazil c. Spirit of Salt makes no considerable change but rather a lighter red but other salts turn them into a greenish especially juice of buckthorn berries XVII Juice of Jasmin and snow drops by a strong alcalizate solution was although of no colour turned into a deep greenish yellow XVIII Buckthorn berries being gathered green and dried are called sap-berries which being infused in Alom water gives a fair yellow which is used by Book-binders for the edges of their books and to colour leather also being gathered when they are black they are called sap green and make a green colour being put into a brass or copper vessel for three or four days or a little heated upon the fire and mixed with Alom in powder and pressed forth so put into bladders hanging it up till it is dry And being gathered about the end of November when they are ready to drop they yield a purplish colour XIX Tincture of Cochenele diluted never so much with fair water will never yield a yellow colour a single drop of a deep solution in spirit of Urine diluted in an ounce of fair water makes a fair pink or carnation XX. Oyl or spirit of Turpentine digested with pure white Sugar of lead yields in a short time a high red tincture which Chymists call Balsamum Saturni XXI Spirit of Salt dropt into a strong infusion of Cochenele or juice of black cherries makes immediately a fair red but dropt into the Infusion of Brazil a kind of yellow so the filtrated tincture of Balaustins mixed with good spirit of Urine or the like turns of a darkish green but with spirit of salt a high redness like rich Claret wine which glorious colour may in a moment be destroyed and turned into a dirty green by spirit of Urine XXII A high Infusion of Lignum Nephriticum mixed with spirit of Urine gives so deep a blew as to make the liquor opacous which after a day or two vanishes and leaves the liquor of a bright amber colour Where note that instead of Spirit of Vrine you may use oyl of Tartar or a strong solution of pot ashes XXIII Infusion of Logwood in fair water mixt with spirit of Sal Armoniack straight turns into a deep rich lovely purple two or three drops to a spoonsul is enough lest the colour be so deep as to be opacous XXIV Spirit of Sal Armoniack will turn syrup of Violets to a lovely green XXV Infusion of Litmoss in fair water gives in a clear glass a purple colour but by addition of spirit of Salt it will be wholly changed into a glorious yellow XXVI The Infusions and juices of several plants will be much altered by a solution of Lead in spirit of Vinegar it will turn infusion of red rose leaves into a sad green XXVII So Tincture of red roses in fair water would be turned into a thick green with the solution of Minium in spirit of Vinegar and then with the addition of oyl of Vitriol the resolved Lead would precipitate white leaving the liquor of a clear high red colour again XXVIII We have not yet found that to exhibit strong variety of colours there need be imployed any more than these five White Black Red Blew Yellow for these being variously compounded and decompounded exhibit a variety and number of colours such as those who are strangers to painting can hardly imagine XXIX So Black and White variously mixed make a vast company of light and deep Grays Blew and Yellow many Greens Red and Yellow Orange-tawnies Red and White Carnations Red and Blew Purples c. producing many colours for which we want names XXX Acid salts destroy a blew Colour Sulphurous Urinous or fixed restore it XXXI Acid and Alcalizate salts with many bodies that abound with Sulphureous or oyly parts will produce a red as is manifest in the Tincture of Sulphur made with Lixioiums of Calcined Tartar or pot ashes XXXII Lastly it may be worth tryal since it hath succeeded in some experiments so to take away the colour of a Liquor as that it may be colourless which in what we have tryed was thus first by putting into the Tincture Liquor or juice a quantity of the solution of pot ashes or oyl of Tartar per deliquium and then affusing a good or strong solution of Alom which in our observations precipitated the tinging matter or gathered it into one body like as it were curds and so left the Liquor transparent and clear as Crystal CHAP. XXII General Experimental observations of Mineral Colours I. SVblimate dissolved in fair water and mixed with a little spirit of Urine makes a milk white mixture in a moment which by addition of Aqua Fortis immediately again becomes transparent II. If Sublimate two ounces and Tin-glass one ounce be sublimed together you will have a sublimate not inferiour to the best orient Pearls in the world III. Silver dissolved in Aqua fortis and evaporated to dryness and fair water poured two or three times thereon and evaporated till the calx is dry leaves it of a Snow whiteness which rubbed upon the skin wetted with spittle water or the like produces a deep blackness not to be obliterated in some days With this Ivory hair and horns may be dyed in fair water of a lasting black IV. Coral dissolved by oyl of vitriol Sulphur or spirit of Vinegar and precipitated by oyl of Tartar yields a Snow whiteness The same of crude Lead and Quicksilver dissolved in Aqua Fortis So butter of Antimony rectified by bare affusion in much fair water will though Unctuous be precipitated into the Sn●w white powder which being washed from its corrosive salts is called Mercurius Vitae the like of which may be made without the addition of any Mercury at all V. Mercury Sublimate and precipitate yields with the spirit of Urine Harts horn or the like a white precipitate but with the solution of Pot ashes or other Lixiviate salts an Orange tawny And if on a filtrated solution of Vitriol you put the solution of a fixed salt there will subside a copious substance far from whiteness which Chymists call the Sulphur of Vitriol VI. If Copper two ounces be mixed with Tin one ounce the reddishness will vanish and if Arsenick calcined with Nitre in a just proportion be mixed with melted Copper it will be blanched both within and without VII Fine powders of blew Bice and yellow Orpiment slightly mixed give a good green and a high yellow solution of

Take Verdigriese ground finely one ounce put to it a good quantity of common varnish and so much oyl of Turpentine as will make it thin enough to work withal it is a good green And Verdigriese Alom of each one Drachm Logwood three Drachms boiled in Vinegar make a good Murry VII Gambogia Dissolve it in fair spring water and it will make a beautiful and transparent yellow if you would have it stronger dissolve some Alom therein it is good for Silk Linnen white Leather Parchment Vellom Paper Quills c. VIII To make Verdigriefe and Ceruse according to Glauber These colours are made with Vinegar in earthen pots set into hot horse dung but if you dissolve your Venus or Saturn with spirit of Nitre and precipitate your Venus with a lye made of Salt of Tartar and your Saturn with Salt water edulcorating and drying them the Venus will yield an excellent Verdigriese which will not corrode other colours as the common Verdigriese doth and the Saturn yields a Ceruse whiter and purer than the ordinary much better for Painting or Chirurgery IX Yellow Fustick benry Boil it in water or sleep them in Alom water it makes a good yellow for the same purpose X. Turnsole Put it into sharp Vinegar over a gentle fire till the Vinegar boil and is coloured then take out the Turnsole and squeeze it into the Vinegar in which dissolve a little gum Arabick it shadows very well on a Carnation or yellow XI Litmos Cut it into small pieces and steep it a day or two in weak gum Lake water and you will have a pure blew water to wash with XII Flory Blew Grind it with Glair of Eggs if then you add a little Rosset it makes a light Violet Blew mixed with White and Red Lead it makes a Crane feather Colour XIII Saffron Steeped in Vinegar and mixed with gum water is a good Yellow CHAP. XXI Of Compounded Colours for Washing ORange Colour Red Lead and Yellow berries make a good Orange Colour or thus take Arnotto half an ounce Pot ashes one Drachm water one pound boil it half away then strain it and use it hot It is good for white leather paper vellom quills parchment c. II. Green Take distilled vinegar filings of Copper digest till the vinegar is blew which let stand in the Sun ora slow fire till it is thick enough and it will be a good green Or thus Take Cedar green which is best of all or instead thereof green Bice steep it in Vinegar and strain it then grind it well with fair water and put to it a little honey and dry it well when you use it mix it with gum water III. To make fine Indico Take the blossoms of Wode three ounces Amylum one ounce grind them with Urine and strong vinegar of which make a Cake then dry it in the Sun and so keep it for use IV. A Blew to wash upon paper Take of the best azure an ounce Kermes two ounces mix them which temper with clear gum water and it will be a glorious Colour V. To make a Venice Blew Take quick lime make it into past with strong vinegar half an hour after put thereto more vinegar to soften it then add Indico in fine powder one ounce mix them and digest it in horse dung for thirty or forty days VI. Another excellent Blew Mix fine white Chalk with juice of elder berries full ripe to which put a little Alom water VII To make blew Smalt Take fluxible sand Sal Nitre and Cobalt mix them together VIII A lively yellow Dissolve orpiment in gum water to which put a little ground Vermilion grind them together and you shall have a very lively colour IX A light green Take Juice of Rew Verdigriese and Saffron grand them well together and use them with gum water Or thus Take sap green flower de bice or tawny green which steep in water Verditure and Ceruse mixe with a little copper green make a good light colour X. Blew Ultramine blew bice smalt and Verditure ground singly with gum water or together make a good blew XI Brown Ceruse red lead English Oker and pink make a good brown XII Spanish Brown To colour any horse dog or the like you must not calcine it yet not calcined it is a dirty colour but to shadow Vermilion or lay upon any dark ground behind a picture to shade berries in the darkest places or to colour wooden posts wainscot bodies of trees and the like it is very good being burnt XIII Flesh colour Mix white Indian lake and red lead according as you would have it light or deep and to distinguish a mans flesh from a womans mingle with it a little Oker XIV Colours of Stones Verdigriese with Varnish makes an Emerald with Florence lake a Ruby with Ultramanine a Saphyr XV. A never fading green Take juice of flowers of Flowerdeluce put it into Gum water and dry it in the Sun CHAP. XXII Of mixing Colours and shadowing I. IN mixing be careful not to make the colour too sad nor take the pencils out of one colour and put them into another II. In mixing colours stir them well about the water severally till they are well mixed then put them together making the colour sadder or lighter at pleasure III. Green is shadowed with Indico and yellow berries IV. Blew is shadowed with Indico Litmose and flory or any of them being steeped in lees of Soap ashes and used with gum water V. Garments are shadowed with their own proper colours or you may mingle the colour with white for the light and shadow it with the same colour unmingled or you may take the thinnest of the colour for the light and shadow with the thickest or bottom of the same VI. Sap green is only used to shadow other greens with and not to be laid for a ground in any garment VII Lake ought not to be shaded with any colour for it is a dark red but for variety you may shadow it with Bice or blew Verditure which will make it like changeable Taffata VIII The shadow for Yellow Berries is Umber but for beauties sake with red Lead and the darkest touches with Spanish brown and for variety with Copper green blew Bice or Verditure IX White sets off blews and blacks very well Red sets off well with yellows Yellow with reds sad blews browns greens and purples X. Blew sets off well with yellows reds whites browns and blacks and Green sets off well with purples and reds CHAP. XXIII Of Colours for Landskips I. GReen mixed with white pink bice masticot smalt indico or ceruse or blew verditure mixt with a few yellow berries makes a good green for Landskips II. For the saddest hills use umber burnt for the lightest places put yellow to the burnt umber for other hills lay copper green thickened on the fire or in the Sun for the next hills further off mix yellow berries with copper green let the fourth part be done with

melt it again and quench it in the juice of Celandine melt it again and quench it in salt water then in Vinegar mixed with Sal armoniack and lastly melt it and put it into ashes and it will be well cleansed XIV To make Lead of a golden colour Put Quick-silver one ounce into a Crucible set it over the fire till it is hot then add to it of the best Leaf-gold one ounce and take it from the fire and mingle it with purified Lead melted one pound mingle all well together with an Iron rod to which put of the filterated solution of Vitriol in fair water one ounce then let it cool and it will be of a good colour Dissolve the Vitriol in its equal weight of water XLVI To take away the ringing and softness of Tin Melt the Tin and cast in some Quick-silver remove it from the fire and put it into a glass Retort with a large round belly and a very long neck heat it red hot in the fire till the Mercury sublimes and the Tin remains at bottom do thus three or four times The same may be done by calcining of it three or four times by which means it will sooner be red hot than melt XLVII To take away the softness and creaking noise of Tin This is done by granulating of it often and then reducing it again and quenching it often in Vinegar and a Lixivium of Salt of Tartar The creaking noise is taken away by melting it seven or eight several times and quenching it in Boys Urine or else oyl of Walnuts XLVIII To take away the deaf sound of Tin This is done by dissolving it in Aqua fortis over a gentle fire till the water fly away doing thus so long till it is all turned to a calx which mixed with calx of silver and reduced performs the work XLIX To make that Tin crack not Take Salt Honey of each alike and mix them melt your Tin and put it twelve or more times into it then strain out the Tin and it will purge and leave cracking put it into a crucible which lute and calcine it four and twenty hours and it will be like calx of gold L. To take away the brittleness of any Metal First calcine it and put it under dung then do thus when it is red hot at the fire or melted quench it often in Aqua vitae often distilled or use about them Rosin or Turpentine or the oyl of it or wax suet Euphorbium Myrrh artificial Borax for if a metal be not malleable unctuous bodies will oftentimes make them softer if all these or some of these be made up with some moisture into little Cakes and when the metal yields to the fire by blowing with the bellows we cast in some of them and make them thick like mud or clear thenset the Metal to the fire that it may be red hot in burning coals take it forth quench it in them so let it remain half an hour to drink in Or anoint the Metal with dogs grease and melt it with it for that will take away much of the brittleness of it and make it so that it may be hammered and wrought LI. To colour Metal like gold Take Sal armoniack White Vitriol Stone Salt Verdigriese of each alike in fine powder lay it upon the Metal then put it into the fire for an hour take it out and quench it in Urine and the Metal will have the colour of gold LII To make a kind of Counterfeited Silver of Tin This is done by mingling Silver with Tin melted with Quick-silver continuing it long in the fire then being brittle it is made tough by keeping it in a gentle fire or under hot Embers in a Crucible for about twenty four hours LIII To Solder upon Silver Brass or Iron Take Silver five peny weight Brass four peny weight melt them together for soft Solder which runs soonest Take Silver five peny weight Copper three peny weight melt them together for hard Solder Beat the Solder thin and lay it over the place to be Soldred which must be first fitted and bound together with Wire as occasion requires then take Borax in powder and temper it like pap and lay it upon the Solder letting it dry then cover it with quick coals and blow and it will run immediately then take it presently out of the fire and it is done Note 1. If a thing is to be Soldred in two places which cannot be well done at one time you must first Solder with the hard Solder and then with the soft for if it be first done with the soft it will unsolder again before the other be soldred 2. That if you would not have your Solder run about the piece to be Soldred rub those places over with Chalk LIV. To make the Silver tree of the Philosophers Take Aqua fortis four ounces fine Silver one ounce which dissolve in it then take Aqua fortis two ounces in which dissolve Quick-silver mix these two Liquors together in a clear glass with a pint of pure water stop the glass close and after a day you shall see a Tree to grow by little and little which is wonderful and pleasant to behold LV. To make the Golden tree of the Philosophers Take oyl of Sand or Flints oyl of Tartar per deliquium of each alike mix them well together then dissolve Sol in Aqua Regis and evaporate the menstruum dry the Calx by the fire but make it not too hot for then it will lose its growing quality break it into little bits not into powder which bits put into the aforesaid liquor a fingers breadth one from another in a very clear glass keep the liquor from the Air and let the Calx stand still and the bits of Calx will presently begin to grow first swell then put forth one or two stems then divers branches and twigs so exactly as you cannot but wonder to see Where note that this growing is not imaginary but real LVI To make the Steel tree of the Philosophers Dissolve Steel in rectified spirit or oyl of Salt so shall you have a green and sweet solution swelling like brimstone filter it and abstract all the moisture with a gentle heat and there will distil over a liquor as sweet as rain water for steel by reason of its dryness detains the Corrosiveness of the spirit of Salt which remaineth in the bottom like a blood red mass and it is as hot on the tongue as fire dissolve this blood red mass in oyl of Flints or Sand and you shall see it grow up in two or three hours like a tree with stem and branches If you prove this tree at the test it will yield good gold which it draweth from the oyl of Sand or Flints the said oyl being full of a pure golden Sulphur LVII To make oyl of Flints or Sand. Take of most pure Salt of Tartar in fine powder twenty ounces small Sand Flints pebbles or

one ounce Labdanum half an ounce Mace Cloves Cinnamon Sanders Lignum Aloes of each one ounce Spikenard one ounce all being grosly beaten digest a month then in a glass retort distil in Balneo XII The twelfth sweet water called Aqua Moschata Take spirit of Wine two pound Musk three scruples Amber two scruples Civet one scruple digest in the Sun twenty days close stopped in a glass vessel a drop of this water put into any other liquor will very perfume it So may you extract the scent out of sweet Flowers with this difference that they lie but a little while because their earthy substance will make the spirit ill-favoured CHAP. XLV Of Perfuming Oils I. TO make Perfuming Oils by infusion II. This is taught fully at the fifth Section of the three and fortieth Chapter aforegoing II. To make Oleum Imperiale Take Ambergriese four drachms Storax Calamita eight ounces Rose-water Oleum Rosatum of each two pound Oil of Cinnamon and Cloves of each half a drachm put all into a glass and digest in horse dung twenty days this done gently boil all for a quarter of an hour which then let cool with a spoon take off the Oil which swims a top to which put of Musk and Zibet of each two drachms digest all in a gentle heat for twenty days and keep it for use Where note the Amber and Storax at bottom will serve to make sweet balls of to lay among cloaths or beads to carry in ones hands or for a perfume to burn III. To make Oil of Cinnamon Digest Cinnamon grossy bruised in spirit of Wine sharpned with oil of Salt in a glass vessel with a blind head closely luted in a gentle heat for ten days then distil in an Alembick as we have more at large taught in our Synopsis Medicinae lib. 3. cap. 47. Sect. 1. it is a wonderful Perfume the most fragrant and pleasant of all Oils as well in tast as smell the use of it will certainly take away a stinking Breath IV. To make Oil of Roses called adeps Rosarum Take Damask Roses pickle them with Bay salt and after three months with a large quantity of water distil in ashes with a gentle fire so have you Oil and Spirit or water which keep for other distillations Weckerus hath it thus Rosarum folia in umbra aliquandiu asservata in matula vitrea magna ponuntur cujus sit fundus latus ad dimidium vas impletur indè affunditur ipsis Rosarum foliis tantum aquae rosaceae stillatitiae quantum satis fuerit ut optimè madeant appositóque pileo vitreo caeco stipatisque optimè rimis cera gummata quindecim diebus equino fimo macerantur sic tamen ut mutato cùm frigescere coeperit fimo calor aequalis servetur Apposito mox matulae rostrato pileo igne moderato cinerum aqua omnis elicitur quae rursus in eadem matula optime priùs à foecibus mundata ablutáque ponitur calentis aquae balneo lentissimo igne elicitur dum tota in vas recipiens abeat Nam in fundo matulae remanebit oleum rosarum colore rubrum perspicuum Moschi odore suaviter fragrans This is the greatest of all vegetable perfumes and of an inestimable value V. To make Oil of Calamus Aromaticus It is made as oil of Cinnamon it is a very great perfume helps a stinking breath vomiting weak memory c. VI. To make Oil of Rhodium It is made as oil of Cinnamon is a very excellent perfume good for the head breath and the senses VII To make Oil of Indian Spicknard By infusion it is made by the first Section by distillation as oil of Cinnamon It is an eminent Perfume VIII To make Oil of Benjamin Take Benjamin six ounces in powder which dissolve in oil of Tartar and Aqua Rosarum of each one pound which distil with a close pipe in an Alembick So is made oil of Storax and Labdanum IX To make oil of Storax compound Take oil of Ben or sweet Almonds one pound Storax grosly beaten four ounces Benjamin Cloves of each two ounces digest till the Gums are melted over hot coals then press out the oil diligently CHAP. XLVI Of Perfuming Essences I. THe way to extract Essences is somewhat difficult viz by Distillation Calcination Digestion or Menstruum II. If by Menstruum use not a watry one for a watry essence nor an oily one for an oily essence because being of like natures they are not easily separated but on the contrary chuse an oily Menstruum for a watry essence and a watry Menstruum for an oily essence III. If the essence of any metal be to be extracted by a corrosive menstruum after the work is done separate the salts from the waters and use only those salts which will be easily taken out again Vitriol and Alom are very difficult to be separated by reason of their earthy substance IV. To extract the essence out of Musk Ambergriese Civet and other Spices or Aromaticks Mix the perfume with oil of Ben which in a glass bottle set in the Sun or Sand for ten days then strain it from the dregs and the essence will be imbibed in the oil Then take spirit of Wine and distilled fountain water which mix with the said oil and digest for six days then distil in sand so will the essence and water ascend the oil remaining at bottom without any scent that essence and water distil in Balnce in a glass vessel till the water be come off and leave the essence in the bottom in the form of oil V. Another way to do the same Infuse the matter in spirit of Wine a sufficient quantity digest and ferment for ten days then distil in sand as long as any water will come over but have a care of buring which distilled Liquor draw off in Balneo with a very gentle heat and the quintessence will be left in the bottom of a liquid form VI. To extract the essence our of Herbs and Flowers as of Sweet Majoram Basil Orange-flowers Jasemin c. Bruise the matter and put it into a glass vessel to ferment in Horse-dung for a month then distil in Balneo set it in dung for a week again and distil in Balneo again which reiterate so long as it will yield any liquor put the distilled matter upon the Caput mortuum distilling thus for six days draw off the water in Balneo and the essence remaining express in a press which being a week fermented in dung will yield the perfect scent colour and vertues of the matter desired VII To extract the essence out of Salts Calcine the Salt and grind it very small then lay it upon a marble in a moist Cellar setting under it a pan to receive the dissolution therein let it ferment for a month then with a gentle fire distil in Balneo cast away the insipid water which comes from it and set that which remains in the bottom to ferment another month then distil

Soap Take of the aforesaid Lixivium or oil of Tartar per deliquium twelve pound oil Olive three pound mix them Amylum two pound Roman Vitriol one ounce in powder Glair of eggs two ounces put all together and stir continually for four hours time then let it stand the space of a day and it is done You may perfume it as before this makes the hair fair VI. Another exceeding the former Take Crown-soap Vine-ashes of each one pound make it into Cakes with powder of Roch Alom and Tartar of each alike which you may perfume at pleasure VII To get the juice or milk of Macaleb Take the sweet and odoriferous grains of Macaleb which beat in a mortar with Rose water or some perfuming water till it becomes like pap then press out the juice or milk which use within two or three days lest it spoil CHAP. LIV. Of Burning Perfumes I. TO make perfumed lights Take Olibanum two ounces Camphire one ounce beat them into powder of which make with wax balls or rouls which put into a glass lamp with Rose water and lighted with a candle will give a fair light and a very good scent II. Another for a Lamp Take sweet oil Olive one pound Benjamin Storax in powder one ounce Musk Ambergriese of each one scruple mix all with the oil which put into a lamp to burn and the oil will yield a fragrant odour III. To make perfumed Candles Take Labdanum Myrrh Xyloaloes Styrax calamita of each one ounce and a half Willow Charcoal one ounce Ambergriese Musk of each ten grains make them into paste with mucilage of Gum Tragacamb in Rose water which make into rouls like Candles and dry for use IV. A perfume to smoak and burn Take Labdanum two ounces Storax one ounce Benjamin Cloves Mace of each half an ounce Musk Civet of each ten grains all in fine powder make up into cakes with mucilage of gum Tragacanth in Rose water which dry and keep among your cloaths which when occasion requires you may burn in a chafing-dish of coals V. Another smoaking perfume to burn Take Labdanum two drachms Storax one drachm Benjamin Frankincense white Amber Xylo-aloes of each two scruples Ambergriese Musk of each five grains make all into Cakes as aforesaid VI. Another very excellent Take Storax Benjamin of each one ounce wood of Aloes half an ounce Ambergriese Musk Civet Balsam of Peru oil of Rhodium of each two scruples Ivory burnt black a sufficient quantity powder what is to be powdred and mix all together which make into a paste with the Ivory black and the mucilage aforesaid make little cakes and dry them which keep in glasses close stopt for use VII Another very good but of less cost Take Olibanum one pound Storax Calamita and Liquida of each eight ounces Labdanum six ounces Willow charcoal a sufficient quantity with mucilage of Tragacanth make a paste as aforesaid CHAP. LV. Of Animal and Mineral Perfumes I. THe Animal Perfume of Paracelsus Take Cow-dung in the month of May or June and distil it in Balneo and the water thereof will be an excellent perfume and have the scent of Ambergriese See our Synopsis Medicinae lib. 3. cap. 75. Sect. 5. II. Lard muskified a great perfume Take hogs lard very pure one drachm Musk Civet of each half a drachm mix them well for boxes III. The Mineral Perfume of Antimony Dissolve Antimony in oil of Flints Crystal or Sand coagulate the solution into a red mass put thereon Spirit of Wine and digest till the Spirit is tinged pour it off and put on more till all the tincture is extracted put all the tinctures together and evaporate the Spirit of Urine in Balneo and there will remain a blood-red liquor at bottom upon which put Spirit of Wine and you shall extract a very pure tincture smelling like Garlick digest it a month and it will smell like Balm digest it a while longer and it will smell like Musk or Ambergriese Besides being a perfume it is an excellent sudorifick and cures the Plague Feavers Lues Venerea c. IV. After the same manner you may make as substantial a perfume of Sulphur or Brimstone The making of the oil of Flints we have taught at the seven and fiftieth Section of the nine and twentieth Chapter of the third Book CHAP. LVI Of the Adulteration of Musk Civet and Ambergriese BY reason that these choice Perfumes are often adulterated or counterfeited we shall do our endeavour to discover the cheat lest any being deceived thereby should suffer loss I. Musk is often adulterated by mixing Nutmegs Mace Cinnamon Cloves Spicknard of each alike in a fine or impalpable powder with warm blood of Pidgeons and then dryed in the Sun then beaten again and moistened with Musk water drying and repeating the same work eight or ten times adding at last a quarter part of pure Musk by moistening and mixing with Musk water then dividing the mass into several parts and rouling them in the hair of a goat which grows under his tail II. Others adulterate it thus By filling the Musk cods with Goats blood and a little toasted bread mixed with a quarter part of Musk well beaten together The cheat is discerned by the brightness of the Goats blood III. Or thus Take Storax Labdanum powder of Xylo-aloes of each four ounces Musk and Civet of each half an ounce mix all together with Rose water The cheat is discerned by its easie dissolving in water and its different colour and scent IV. Or thus Take Goats blood powder of Angelica roots Musk of each alike make a mixture V. To adulterate Civet Mix with it the Gall of an Oxe and Storax liquefied and washed or you may adulterate it by the addition of Honey of Crete VI. To restore the lost scent to Musk or Ambergriese This is done by hanging it some time in a Jakes or house of Office for by these ill scents its innate vertue and odour is excited and revived CHAP. LVII Of the way of Perfuming Cloth Skins Gloves and the like I. TO Perfume Skins or Gloves Put a little Civet thereon here and there if Gloves along the seams then wash in Rose or musked water four or five times or so long as that they savour no more of the leather pressing them hard every time then lay them in a platter covered with the said water mixed with powder of Cypress a day or two take them out press them and dry them in the shadow being half dry besmear them a little with Civet mix'd with oil of Jasemin or Ben on the inward side chafing them with your hands before a fire till you think that the Civet hath pierced or gone through the leather leaving them so a day or more then rub with a Cloth that the Gloves or Leather may grow soft leaving them so till they are almost dry being drawn and stretched out then hold them over some burning Perfume to dry and wetting them again with Musk water do thus