IN oyly fat substances not clamy the spirits are willingly detayned The Explication THE Spirit not incited by the Antipathy of an encompassing Body nor fed by too neere likenesse of a Body doth not strive much to depart As in oyly substances being not so trouble some to the spirit as hard substances nor so like it as watry substances nor tempted forth by the flattery of encompassing Ayre CAN. 17. THE suddaine departure of the watery humour doth make oylinesse endure the longer The Explication WAtery spirits as was sayd being like Ayre doe sooner depart than Ayre oyly spirits slower having not so much affinity with ayre But both these moystures being in most bodies the watery spirit doth vent before the oyly and the former getting forth by degrees carryeth with it the latter Therefore light drying is healthfull maling the watery humour expire not forcing out the watery humour there by becomming more perfect and both hindering putrefaction and preserving the body yong And therefore light rubbings and exercise breathing the body not procuring sweate doe exceedingly lengthen life CAN. 18 THE exclusion or keeping out of the ayre lengthens life other inconvemences being avoyded The Explication THE evolation or departing of the spirit as was sayd is a two-fold action proceeding from the Appetite of the Spirit and of the Ayre The former Action may be stayed and taken away by Oyntments the Remedies for the inconveniences ensuing thereon being prescribed in the second Operation CAN. 19. By young spirits being put into an aged body the course of 〈◊〉 may be suddainly brought about againe to youth The Explication THE Spirits are in Nature like the highest wheele turning about the other wheeles in Mans body and an especiall Engine to lengthen Life Besides the spirits are easily and soone altered For Operation on the spirits is two-fold one by Nourishment being slow and indirect the other suddaine directly working on the spirits by vapors or by affections CAN. 20. THE moisture of the body being hard and oyly doth lengthen life The Explication THE Reason is grounded on a former Rosition that hard and oyly substances are hardly dissipated or dispersed But yet as was sayd in the tenth Operation hard moisture 〈◊〉 lesse dissipable is also lesse reparable and an inconvenience therefore joyned with a convenience can produce no great effect But the oyly moysture being not dissipable and also reparable is therefore diligently to bee regarded CAN. 21. Sv btile thinne piercing substances without gnawing Acrymony or sharpnesse doe breed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Explication THis Canon is more difficult in practice than in 〈◊〉 For all piercing 〈◊〉 and sharpe substances doe 〈◊〉 and corrode hardening 〈◊〉 but the penetration of the subtile substances without violence doth bedew and water the body as was 〈◊〉 in the fourth and seventh Operation CAN. 22. ASstmilation or Digestion is best performed when all locall motion doth cease The Explication THis Canon in the Cōment on the third Operation is sufficiently explained CAN. 23. Nourishment received by outward meanes not onely by the stomacke would lengthen life if it may be effected The Explication NOurishment doth work in a compasse course but infusions more suddainly therfore outward nourishment would be good because the faculties of digestion doe faile in age And inward Nourishment joyned with outward Nourishment by baths oyntments and glisters wonld be more powerfull and strong CAN. 24. DIgestion being weak to drive out nourishment the outward parts must be comforted to draw forth nourishment The Explication 〈◊〉 His Canon and the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 are not the same for 〈◊〉 of outward 〈◊〉 differs from Extraction 〈◊〉 drawing out of in ward 〈◊〉 but both by several 〈◊〉 doe helpe weaknesse 〈◊〉 Digestion CAN. 25. ALL 〈◊〉 renewing of the Body is wrought either the Spirits or by softning The Explication IN the Body there are spirits and parts where Nourish 〈◊〉 by a compasse-course 〈◊〉 but vapours and 〈◊〉 doe work suddainly on the spirits and softning on the parts yet externall Nourishment and softning must not bee confounded softning intending not to nourish the parts but make them more nourishable CAN. 26. SOftning is wrought by like substances by piercing and shutting substances The Explication FOr Consubstantials or like substances doe properly soften conveying substances drive in and binding shutting substancesdoe retaine and restraine Perspiration or breathing forth being a motion contrary to softning Therefore as was said in the ninth 〈◊〉 softning cannot be 〈◊〉 once effected but by an 〈◊〉 proceeding First by 〈◊〉 and keeping out the 〈◊〉 by thicke Oyntments because the outward thicke 〈◊〉 doth not supple the body but the subtile vapours thereinto penetrating and piercing Secondly by softning 〈◊〉 Consubstantialls and the 〈◊〉 substances for Bodies by the gentle touch of like substances doe open and loosen 〈◊〉 pores Thirdly by 〈◊〉 of the like substances and 〈◊〉 restrayning 〈◊〉 Afterwards binding 〈◊〉 Plasters and Oyntments 〈◊〉 good applyable untill 〈◊〉 subtile softnesse of the 〈◊〉 be growne hard and solid CAN. 27. THE frequent renewing of reparable parts doth bedew and moysten the lesse reparable The Explication IN the beginning of the History the perishing of the more reparable and lesse reparable parts together was called the high way of Death and therefore the Reparation of these parts should be most intended For as Aristotle well observed that in Plants new sap passing through the boughes doth refresh the body also so in like manner by often repairing the flesh and blood of the body the Bones and Membranes and other lesse reparable parts by the passage of new moysture and being cloathed with new flesh and blood may be 〈◊〉 renewed CAN. 28. COoling not passing by the stemacke doth lengthen life The Explication FOr a strong cooling of the Blood is necessary to prolong Life which cannot bee effected inwardly without hurting the stomacke and bowels CAN. 29. COnsumption and reparation being both effected by heate 〈◊〉 by their conioyned Operation 〈◊〉 length of Life The Explication ALL great workers are destroyed by the mixture of Natures helpfull and hurtfull in severall respects Therefore Judgement in practice must distinguish good heates from hurtfull CAN. 30. DIseases are curable by Medicines but Life must bee lengthned by Dyets The Explication ACcidentall Diseases their Causes being taken away doe cease but the continuall course of Nature flowing like a River must bee stopt and turn'd backe by Dyets whereof there are two kinds set dyet used at certaine times and familiar dayly Dyet Set Dyets are more powerfull being able to turne backe Natures course and sooner change and alter the Body than usuall Dyets In the Intention three set Dyets are onely mentioned the Dyet with Opium the Dyet for softning and the Dyet for making leane and renewing the Body But in dayly Dyet these Prescriptions good also in set Dyets are most effectuall Nitre and Drugges subordinate to Nitre the government of the Affections and the kinds of Studies Coolers not passing by the stomacke oyly Drinkes making the Blood firme by Potions of the Powder of Pearle and wood Drugs Oyntments to keepe out the Ayre and keepe in the Spirits outward heaters to further 〈◊〉 after sleepe avoyding inflamers of the Spirits infusing into them a sharpe heat as Wines and hot Spices and the moderate and seasonable use of Drugges infusing a strong heate into the Spirits as Saffron Cresses Garlick Elecampane and compositions of Opium CAN. 31. THe living Spirit doth immediatly perish being destitute of motion cooling or nourishment The Explication THese are three Doores of Death formerly mentioned being the proper and immediate passions of the spirit For all the Organs of the principall parts serve them in performing their Offices And the destruction of the Organs doth cause their Defectivenes Therefore all other wayes to Death meete in these three commonroades But the Fabricke of the parts is the Organ of the spirit as the spirit is of the reasonable Soule being immortall and Divine CAN. 32. FLame is a momentary Substance Ayre a fixed the living spirits in creatures is of a middle Nature The Explication THis Canon requires a deeper search and larger Explication than is here requisite Flame is continually generated and extinguished and continued only by succession But ayre is a fixed body not subject to dissolution for though the ayre doth out of moisture generate new ayre yet the olde ayre remaineth whence proceedeth the over-burdning of the ayre mentioned in the title of Winds But the spirits participating of the nature of flame and ayre is nourished by Oyle being of the same kinde with flame and by ayre homogeneous to water For the spirit is not nourished by an oyly or waterish substance but by both And though ayre and flame oyle and water are hardly blended and compounded yet they agree in a mixtbody The ayre raysing quicke and delicate conceits in the Fancy and the flame enciting noble active Desires in the Soule The continuance also of the spirit is compounded beeing neyther so momentary as flame nor so fixed as ayre And therfore is not accidentally extinguished like a flame by contraries for the spirit is not so hard beset with Destructive qualities But the spirits are repayred by lively fresh Blood insinuated through the Arteries into the Braine by a speciall manner of reparation not now to be mentioned FINIS Artic. 1 Artic. 20. Artic. 3. Cōnexion Artic. 4. Artic. 5 6 7 8 9 and 11. An admonition Artic. 10 An admo nition Artic. 15 Connexion 〈◊〉 Admonition Artic. 16
off Limbes juyce of Hemlocke is used to mitigate the paine by putting the spirits to flight and casting the Patient into a swoone 19. The thickning of the spirits by Flight and driving inwards is a good effect of Poppy-juyce proceeding from a bad Cause being the flight of the spirits 20. Poppey was esteemed by the Graecians to bee a great preserver of Health and prolonger of Life the principall ingredient used by the Arabians called Gods hands was Poppey-juyce the bad qualities thereof being allay'd with other mixtures as Treacle Mithridate and the like 21. All Medicines thickning the Spirits as Poppey doth especially and staying and restrayning the Spirits unruly working and raging in pestilentiall Diseases are good to prolong life 22. A good quantity of Poppy-juyce being found by experience to be comfortable is taken by the Turkes to make them valiant but to us unlesse taken in a small quantity and well allay'd it is deadly poyson 23. Poppy-juyce doth also strengthen the spirits and excite to Venery 24. The distilled waters of wilde Poppy is good for Surfeits Feavers and divers Diseases the spirits being therby thickned and strengthened to resist any diseases 25. The Turkes drinke the powder of an hearbe in warme water to increase their valour and sharpnesse of wit but a greater quantity thereof is of a stupe fying power like Poppey 26. The East Indians refresh themselves before and after labour by holding in their mouths or eating a famous Roote called Betell enabling also their acts of Generation being also of a stupefying power because it blacketh the teeth 27. Tobacco in this age growne so common and yeelding such a secret delight and content that being once taken it can hardly be forsaken doth lighten the body and take off wearinesse opening the pores and voyding humours but thickning the spirits being a kind of Henbane and doth like Poppy buzzell and trouble the braine 28. Some humours of the body as those proceeding from melancholy are like Poppey-juyce and doe cause long life 29. Opium Or Poppy-juyce the Leaves and seeds of both kinds of Poppey also Henbane Mandrake Hemlocke Tobacco Nightshade or Banewort have all a drowsie stupefying power 30. Treacle Mithridate Trifer Paracelsus Gumme Syrrop of Poppey Pills of Hounds tongue are compouded drugs of the sale nature 31. These Presecriptions Prolong life by thickning the spirits by coolers 32. In Youth keepe every yeere a coole dyet about May the spirits in Summer being loose and thinne and no cold humours bred and take a Julip of Poppey and other hot ingredients but not too strong every morning between sleep then keepe a spare diet for fourteene dayes afterward forbearing Wine and hot Spices 33. Smoakes and steames being not too purgative to draw forth humours but having a light operation on the spirits of the braine doe coole the spirits as well as coolers therfore a Suffumigation made of Tobacco wood of Aloes dry Rosemary-leaves and a little Myrrh being in the morning received into the Nostrills is very wholesome 34. But the Water of compound Opiate Drugs the vapor rising in distilling and the heare settling downwards is better to bee taken in youth than the drugs for the vertue of distilled water is in their vapour being in other respects weake 35. Some Drugs being like Poppy but not so strong doe yeeld a drowsie cooling vapour and wholesomer than Poppy not shunn'd by the spirits being thereby gathered together and thickned 36. The drugges like unto Poppy and therewith used are Saffron and Saffron flowers the Indian Leafe AmberGrīse Coriander-seed prepa red Amomum Pseudamomum Rhodianwood water of Orange Blossomes and an infusion of the flowers steeped in Oyle Olive and a Nutmeg dissolved in Rose-water 37. Vse Poppy sparingly at set times but these other Drugs being commonly taken and in dayly dyet are very soveraigne to prolong life Pharmacopaeus in Calecut by using Amber lived to one hundred and sixty yeeres of Age and the Nobility of Barbary by using the same drugge are longer liv'd than the common people And our long-liv'd Ancestors used Saffron very-much in their Cakes and Broths So much of thickning the spirits by Poppy and Other drugges 38. The second way and meanes to thicken the spirits is by cold for cold doth properly thicken and by a safer operation and working than the malignant qualities of Poppey though not so powerfully yet because coolers may be familiarly used in dayly dyet they are better to prolong Life than drowsie Potions or Drugs 39. The spirits are cooled by breathing by vapours or by dyet the first way being best but difficult the second good and easie the third weakeand tedious 40. The cleare pure Ayre which may be taken on the dry tops of mountaines and in open shady fields is good to thicken the spirits 41. Also vapours doe coole and thicken and Nitre hath in this kind a speciall operation grounded on these Reasons 42. Nitre is a kind of cold Spice being so cold that it biteth the tongue as hot Spices doe 43. The spirits of all Drugges Naturally not Accidentally cold are few and weake spirituall Drugges being on the contrary hot Nitre onely having aboundance of spirits is of a vegetable nature and cold For Camphire is spirituall and cold in operation by accident and the thinne quality thereof being without sharpnesse doth lengthen the breath in inflammations 44. Also Nitre mingled with Snow and Ice and put about vessels doth congeale and freeze the liquor within and common Bay-salt doth make Snow colder and more apt to freeze But in hot Countries where no Snow falls Niter is onely used 45. 〈◊〉 and Souldiers to make them valiant doe drinke Gunne-powder before they fight or joyne Battaile as the Turkes doe Poppy 46. Nitre doth allay the destroying he are of burning 〈◊〉 and Pestentiall 〈◊〉 47. The Nitre in Gun-powder shunning the flame when a Peece is fired doth make the crake and report 48. Nitre is the spirit of the earth for any pure earth covered or shaded from the Sun-beames so that nothing doe spring or grow thence will gather store of Nitre the spirit of Nitre being inferiour to the spirit of living creatures and of Vegetables and Plants 49. Cattell drinking of water wherein there is Nitre doe grow fat being a signe that the Nitre is cold 50. Land and Grounds are made ranke and mellow by the fatning quality of the spirit of Nitre which is in dung 51. Therefore the spirit of Nitre will coole thicken and refresh the spirits and abate their heate For as strong Wine and Spices doe enflame the spirits and shorten life so Nitre composing and restrayning the spirits doth lengthen life 52. Nitre may bee used with meate and eaten with Salt to the proportion of a tenth part and put in morning Broaths from three Graines to ten or in drinke and being used in any manner moderately it Prolongs Life 53. As other Drugges besides Poppy being weaker and safer to bee taken in greater quantity and oftner doe
doe cause long life 80. By exceeding great joy the spirits are made thinne loose and weake but by familiar common Recreations they are not loosened but strengthened 81. Joy arising from sensuall pleasure is bad but the remembrance of former ioy or the apprehension of ioy to come conceived onely in the imagination is good 82. An inward conceived ioy sparingly vented doth comfort the heart more than a vulgar immoderate expression of ioy 83. Sorrow and Griefe beeing without Feare and not too heavy and Grievous doe prolong Life by Contracting the Spirits which is a kinde of Condensation or Thickning 84. Great Feares doe shorten Life for though Sorrow and Feare doe both contract the Spirits yet Sorrow doeth onely contract but Feare mingled with Care and Hope doth heate and Vexe the Spirits 85. Anger being close and suppressed is a kinde of vexation making the spirits devoure the moisture of the body but being vented and getting forth doth strengthen the heate of the spirits 86. By Envy the worst passion the Spirits and by them the Body are hurt and weakned beeing alwayes in Action and Working for Envy is sayde to keepe no Holy-dayes 87. Pitty and Compassion of anothers misery whereinto wee cannot possibly fall is good but Pitty reflecting backe and exciting Feare of beeing in as bad a case is bad 88. Shame lightly at the first drawing in the spirits and afterwards sending them forth againe doth make blushing bashfull Folkes commonly long-liv'd But shame arising from Reproach and continuing long doth contract and choake the spirits 89. Love not unfortunate nor wounding too deepe being a kind of joy is governed by the rules prescribed for joy 90. Hope being the best of all the Affections and Passions is very powerfull to prolong Life if like a nodding Nurse it doe not often fall asleepe and languish but doe continually feed the fancy with beholding good Obiects And therefore such as propound certaine ends and purposes to be compassed thriving and prospering therein according to their desire are commonly long-liv'd but having attayned to their highest hopes all their Expectitions and desires being satisfied doe not live long afterward 91. Admiration and light contemplation are very good to prolong Life keeping the spirits busied in 〈◊〉 matters and in a peaceable quiet gentle temper So that all Philosophers and observers of the Wonders of Nature as Democritus Plato Parmenide Apollonius were long liv'd Also Rhetoricians tasting onely matters following the light of speech not obscure dark Philosophy were also long-liv'd as Gorgias Protagoras I socrates Seneca Andas old men are Talkative so Talkative men doe often live to bee old men For Talkativenesse is a signe of a light Apprehension not binding or vexing the spirits but subtile acute studies wearying and weakening the spirits doe shorten life So much of the motion of the spirits by the pafsions of the minde some generall Observations not included in the former Division doe follow 92. The spirits must not bee often loosed nor made thinne being thereby loosed for the spirits being once extenuated loosened and made thinne are not easily collected and thickned The spirits are loosed by excessive Labour exceeding violent passions of the minde much sweating much Evacuation warme Baths and intemperate or unseasonable Venery also Care Griefe doubtfull expectation sicknesse sorrow and payne doe dissolve and loosen the spirits and should therefore bee avoyded and shunned 93. The spirits delight in Customes and Novelties for customes not used untill they grow wearisome and Nove'ties much desired and then enjoy'd doe wonderfully preserve the vigour of the spirits Therefore Judgment and Care should bee shewed in leaving off Customes before they become loathsome and contemptible and in making the desire of Novelties stronger by restraint and in altering and changing the course of our life lest the spirits imploy'd in one setsed kind of Life should grow heavy and dull For though Seneca sayd well A foole doth alwayes beginne to live yet this Folly and many other doe lengthen life 94. It is observable contrary to common custome that the spirits being in a good quiet sound temper discerned by the quietnesse and inward joy of the minde should bee cherrished not changed 95. Ficinus saith that Old men should comfort their spirits with the actions of their childhood and youth being a Recreation proper to Age. Therefore the remembrance of former Education together is pleasant in conversation and the place of Education is beheld with delight So that the Emperour Vespasian would not alter his Fathers house being but a meane building because the old House did put him in remembrance of his Childhood and besides on festivall Dayes hee would drinke in a Silver-tip'd wooden Cup which was his Grand-mothers 96. Also an alteration of life for the better is acceptable and delightfull to the Spirits Therefore Youth and Manhood having beene spent in pleasures proper and peculiar to those Ages Old age should enjoy new delights especially moderate ease Therefore Noble-men in their Age should live a retired kind of life as Cassiodorus having beene in great favour with the Gothish Kings of Italy and accounted the soule and life of their Affaires at fourescore yeeres of age retired to a Monastery living there to 110. yeeres of Age and there dyed But such Retyrement should be before the body bee decayed and diseased for then all changes though for the better doe hasten death and a retyred life being undertaken their minds and thoughts should not be addicted to idlenesse but imploy'd in pleasant delightfull studies or in building and planting 97. Lastly the spirits are recreated by labour willingly undertaken but consumed by action or labour performed with unwillingnesse Therefore a free kind of life by Art contrived to bee at our owne disposing and an obedient minde not resisting but yeelding to the power of fortune doe prolong life 98. And for the better governing of the Affections the body must not bee soluble or loose for on all the affections except those arising from melancholy as Drunkennesse and Melancholy such laxativenesse and loosenesse hath more power than on the heart or braine 99. This operation of making the spirits continue youthfull and lusty not mentioned by Physitians hath beene more diligently handled because the readiest and most compendious way to prolong Life is by renewing the Spirits working suddainly on the body as vapours and passions doe worke on the spirits in a direct not indirect manner The Operation on the exclusion or keeping out of the Ayre 2. The History 1. THe Exclusion or keeping out of the Ayre doth in two respects lengthen life First because the outward Ayre animating the spirits and being healthfull doth next unto the inward spirits devoure the moysture of the body growing thereby dry and withered 2. Secondly by the Exclusion and keeping out of Ayre the body being shut and closed and not breathing forth at the pores the detayned spirits by their working doe soften the hardnesse of the body 3. The reason
and a mysterious Vnion of a flaming and aiery nature CANON 5. THe particular parts have naturall proper Actions excited and quickned by the vitall Spirit The Explication THe several parts have severall Actions and Functions as Attraction Retention Digestion Assimulation Sepration Ejection and Sensibility suteable to the proper Organs in the Stomack Liver Heart Spleene Gal Braine Eyes 〈◊〉 and the rest and their 〈◊〉 are actuated by the vigour and presence of the vitall spirits and by the heate thereof as Iron drawes Iron beeing touched by a Loadstone and an Egge brings a Chickin beeing actuated by the Cocks treading the Hen. CAN. 6. MOrtuall dead spirits are consubstantiall or like in substance to Ayre but the vital spirits are more like a flame The Explication THe explication of the former fourth Canon declares the meaning of this present Canon which sheweth also that fat oyly substances do long retaine their essence being neither consumed much by the 〈◊〉 nor very desirous to 〈◊〉 into Ayre Therefore Flame is not enflamed Ayre for Flame and Ayre 〈◊〉 as Oyle and Water 〈◊〉 and by the Canon that 〈◊〉 the vitall spirits are like 〈◊〉 substance is to be understood that they are more enflaming than the mortuall dead spirits not more flame-like or ayrie CAN. 7. THE Spirits desire to multiply or depart and congregate with their connaturalls or like in substance The Explication BY this Canon the mortual dead spirits are understood for the vitall spirits abhorre 〈◊〉 parting out of the body because they find in a neere 〈◊〉 no connaturalls or like 〈◊〉 sometimes happily flying forth to the 〈◊〉 parts of the Body to 〈◊〉 some desired object 〈◊〉 shunning departure But the mortuall dead spirits desire both for the spirit finding no happy residence in thicke 〈◊〉 nor its like being alone doth create and make another by endeavouring to multiply and increase in quantity And it desireth also to depart and resolve into Ayre for slender thinne substances being alwayes moveable are willingly carryed to their like being neare as a bubble of water is carried to a bubble flame to flame and much more willingly doth the spirit depart into the Ayre beeing not carried to a peece like it selfe but to a whole Globe of connaturall and like substance But the departing and venting of the spirit into Ayre is a two-fold action proceeding from the desire of the spirit and the desire of the Ayre being an indigent needy substance greedily gathering and receiving spirits smells substances sounds and the like CAN. 8. THe detayned spirit having not sufficient matter to beget another spirit doth soften the thicker parts The Explication A New Spirit is generated of a matter somwhat neere 〈◊〉 nature of a Spirit as of 〈◊〉 Therefore if the 〈◊〉 residing in the thicker 〈◊〉 farre different from their Nature cannot convert them 〈◊〉 a spirit yet it softens and enlarges them that it may being not increased in 〈◊〉 have a larger dwelling and live with more friendly companions in Nature Also by this Aphorisme the Bodies hardnesse may bee softned by detayning the spirits CAN. 9. THe softning of the parts of the Body is best wrought when the spirit doth neither depart nor generate The Explication THis Canon dissolves a knotty doubt in softning by detayning the spirits for if the spirit not vented doe devoure inward moysture the softning of the parts doth not advantage their continuing in their essence but rather their dissolution and corruption Therefore the detayned spirits must bee cooled and restrayned lest they bee too active CAN. 10. THE heate of the Spirit to renew and make the Body young must bee strong not vioent The Explication THis Canon also dissolving the aforesaid doubt shews the temper of heate fit to prolong life for howsoever the spirits be detayn'd or not yet their heate should rather soften hard substances than devoure soft softning rather than drying For such heat causeth good Digestion and Assimilasion but this 〈◊〉 must have these properties first slowly not suddainly enflaming secondly not violent but moderate thirdly equall not disordered being sometimes greater sometimes lesser fourthly not languishing nor soone extinguished This Operation is very subtile and profitable being partly explained in the Remedies prescribed for infusing into the Spirits a strong working heate not pradatory or devouring CAN. 11. THE thickning of the Spirits substance doth lengthen life The Explication THis Canon is subordinate to the former for the thicke Spirit is capable of all those foure properties of heate formerly mentioned the manner of thickning is shewed in the first Operation CAN. 12. A Boundance of spirits are more hasty to depart and get forth and more consuming than a small quantity of Spirit The Explication THis Canon is cleare and evident for the bigger the stronger As great flames breaking forth with greater violence consume more suddainly therefore exceeding plenty or excessive swelling of the Spirits doe hinder long Life For Spirits maintaining Life and the Body in good plight are sufficient CAN. 13. THe Spirits equally diffused through the Body is not so hasty to depart nor so devouring as being unequally placed The Explication A Subundance of spirits generally diffused is an enemy to durablenesse so is store of spirits not dispersed Therefore the spirit being more diffused consumes lesse for Dissolution begins in that part where the spirit is loose Therefore Exercise and rubbings doe lengthen life because motion doth very finely blend and mingle CAN. 14. THE disordered motion of spirits makes them hastier to depart and more consuming than a constant equall motion The Explication THis Canon holds in livelesse creatures for inequality is the mother of Dissolution but in living 〈◊〉 whose Consumption and Reparation is considerable Reparation proceeding from Appetite and Appetite being sharpened by variety it is not absolutely but respectively true this variety being rather an alteration than confusion and a constant inconstancy CAN. 15. THE Spirit in the solid frame of the Body is unwillingly detayned The explication DIssolution is generally abhorr'd but more or lesse according to the thicknesse and thinnesse of subtances The thinner bodies being driven into straighter narrower passages For Water will runne through where Dust will not passe and Ayre is more penetrative and piercing than Water and yet their penetration is bounded For the spirit will not passe through exceeding narrow pores thereby to get foorth and depart for the spirit being encompassed with a hard or oyly and clammy body not easily divisible is bound and imprisoned and not desirous to depart Therefore the spirit of Mettalls and Stones will not in an Age depart unlesse they be melred or dissolved with strong Corrosive waters In clammy substances also the spirits are not desirous to depart as in Gummes though with lesse heate dissolved Therfore the hard juyce of the body and the closenesse of the skinne and the like caused by dry nourishment exercise and cold ayre do lengthen life because they keepe the enclosed spirits from departing CAN. 16.
being a Bird that eateth any kind of meate chews his food changes his Bill and is of a churlish angry disposition and hath black flesh 31. The Peacocke hath a slow pace and white flesh living twenty yeers and being three yeeres old his tayle is with Argus eies speckled and adorned 32. The Cocke is leacherous a couragious fighter and short-liv'd having white flesh 33. The Turky-cocke or Indian Cocke somewhat longer liv'd than the Cocke is a testy angry bird and hath very white flesh 34. The Ring-Dove being an ayery Bird loving to build and sit high is long-liv'd fifty yeeres being her age But Pidgeons and Turtles are short-liv'd their Age being eight yeeres 35. Pheasants and Partridges live sixteene yeeres being great breeders but blacker flesh'd than chickens or Pullets 36. The lascivious loud whistling Black-bird is of all small birds longest liv'd 37. The Sparrow is short-liv'd the Cocke-sparrow shortning his life by wanton lasciviousnesse The Linnet and Finch though no bigger than the sparrow doe live twenty yeeres 38. The Estredges age is uncertaine life not long as by tame Estreges it is observ'd The age of the Bird 〈◊〉 being long-liv'd is unknowne 39. The age of Fishes lesse observ'd because living under the water is more uncertaine than the age of Beasts Some of them breath not their vitall spirits being kept close and cooled by their gills but not so constantly as by breathing 40. The ayre dries not nor decayes their bodies because the water wherein they live encompassing them pierceth into their pores having a greater power than encompassing ayre to shorten their lives 41. They are ravenous devourers of their owne kind having cold blood and soft flesh not so firme as Beasts flesh but fatter an infinite quantity of oyle being made of the fat of 42. Dolphins live thirty yeeres for some whose tayles were cut off thirty yeeres afterward being taken were knowne they grow tenne yeeres 43. It is observable and very strange that Fishes bodies doe grow slender with age their tayle and head retaining their former bignesse 44. In Fish-ponds belonging to the Roman Emperour Lampreys living threescore yeers by long keeping were made tame one of their deaths being therefore by the Orator Crassus lamented 45. The Pike of all fresh-water fish is longest liv'd forty yeeres being his age hee is a ravenous devourer and his flesh in eating is dry and firme 46. The Carpe Breame Tench and Eele live not above tenne yeares 47. Salmons are of a suddaine growth but short liv'd and also Trouts but the Perch groeth slowly and lives longer 48. The age of the Whale Sea-Calfe Sea-hog and other Fishes is unknowne 49. The long-liv'd Crocodile alwayes growing is a devouring cruel creature that layeth Egges and the Water pierces not his skinne beeing scaly and hard The age of other shel-fishes is unknowne Greater Observations COncerning the length and shortnesse of the life of living Creaturer hitherto negligently observed and proceeding from divers causes insteed of certayne Rules hard to find these notes following may be added 1. Birds are longer-liv'd then Beasts as th' Eagle Vulter Pellican Kite Raven Crow Swan Goose Storke Crane Ib is Parret Ringdove c. though they are lesser and in one yeare at their ful growth For Birds are long-liv'd because they are wel clothed with warme Feathers to keepe out cold and doe live in the free open Aire as Mountayners doe or because when they flye they are carryed by the Ayre their Wings this mixt motiō makes thē helthful or because Birds are not pin'd for want of nourishment or thrust in the belly of their old Bird by turnes laying her eggs but especially because Birds partaking more of the Hennes substance than of the Cocks have not such sharpe and hot spirits 2. It is a Position that living creatures begotten by a greater quantity of the Dammes seed as Birds are than of the Sires and lying longer in their Dammes belly partaking more of the Dammes seed than the Sires are therefore longer liv'd And it is observeable that men being in visage and countenance liker their mother than their father doe live longest as those children doe which sound and healthfull men beget on young Wives 3. Living creatures may receive much hurt or good in their first breeding for such as lye not too close together in the belly of the Damme but have sufficient nourishment are long-liv'd as the egges of Birds laid by turnes and the young of Beasts bringing but one at a yeaning have roome enough and nourishment 4. Long bearing in the mothers wombe and the Dammes belly is forthree respects a cause of long life First the of-spring hath more of the mothers or Dammes substance Secondly it becomes a stronger birth Thirdly it better endures the Ayres power Lastly it denotes that Nature intended such a Birth for the Center of a large circumference of many yeeres The short life of Oxen and Sheepe Calves and Lambs lying sixe moneths in their Dams belly before they are calved yeaned proceeds from other causes 5. Grazing Cattle are short-liv'd but Beasts feeding on flesh live longer and Birds which do eate seeds and fruits For halfe the long-lived Harts foode growes as they say above his head and the Goose feeding not onely on Grasse finde some foode in the Water 6. Another cause of long life is warme cloathing and keeping out immoderate heat and cold whereby the Body is much weakned and decay'd as Birds cloathed with warm Feathers are therefore longer liv'd But Sheepe having thicke Fleeces are not longliv'd being subject to many Diseases and feeding onely on grasse 7. The Head is the principall seate of all the Spirits beeing great wasters and consumers of the Body so that the great abundance or sharp inflamatiō of the Spirits shortens Life Therefore Birds having little heads inrespect of their bodies are long liv'd and men having very great heads live not long 8. The best kind of motion for prolonging of Life is to be born and carried as the Swan and other swiming water Fowle are and all Birds flying more painfully with their wings and fish whose Age and long life is unknowne 9. Slow comming to perfection both for Growth and ripenes signifies long life in al creatures for teeth private haire and a Beard are degrees of maturity or ripenesse preceding Manhood 10. Milde meeke ereatures as Sheepe and Doves are not long-liv'd the gall being like a whetstone whereon natures faculties are sharpened and fitted to performe their offices 11. Creatures having white flesh live not so long as those whose blacker flesh shewes that their Bodies moisture is finner and more compact 12. As a great fire is lasting and not soone extinguished and a little water soone evaporates so quantity and bignesse preserve corruptible bodies a twigge withering sooner than the body of a Tree and all great Beasts living longer than lesser Beasts Nourishment and the waies of Nourishing The History 1. NOurishment should bee of an inferiour nature
so long as the Orcades nor the Affricans as the inhabitants of the Carnaries and Terceras though under the same paralell and the 〈◊〉 though earnestly desiring and affecting Long Life are not so long liv'd as the Chinois the Sea Ayre yeelding a cheerishing warmth in colde Countryes and a refreshing coole Breez in hot Countries 26. High Grounds except the tops of Mountaines doeproduce longer liv'd people than low flat Levells and in high Countries as in Arcadia and Greece and part of AEtolia the inhabitants live to a great age as the inhabitants of Mountaines would doe if their pure cleere ayre were not accidentally corrupted with Vapours which rising from the Vallies do settle and rest on the Hils Therefore on snowy Mountaynes on the 〈◊〉 the Pyrenean Mountaines and the Appenine the inhabitants live not so long as those Dwelling on midling Hills or Vallies but on the ridges of Mountaines towards Ethiop and the Abyssines covered with Snow but with no hovering Vapors the people live and arrive to an hundred and fifty yeare of age 27. The ayre of Marches and Fens lying flat and low agrees wel enough with the Natives but to strangers is unhealthful shortning their lives And Marshes or other Fenneyplaces that are over-flowed with Salt tides are unwholsomer than those overflowed with fresh land water 28. The particular Countryes wherein the people live unto agreat Age are these Arcadia AEtolia Indye on this side Ganges Brasil Taprobana Brittaine Ireland and the Ilands of Orcades and Hebrides but not Ethiopia as some of the Auncients supposed 29. The ayres perfect wholesomnesse is a secret quality rather found out by experience than reason For if a peece of Wooll laid some certaine dayes in the open ayre doe not Grow heavier in Weight it is an experiment that the Ayre is Good also if a peece of flesh layd in the same manner remaine unputrified or if a Perspective Glasse doe present the object in neere distance the ayre is thereby approoved wholesome 30. A wholesome and healthfull ayre must bee Good Pure and Equall Hils and Vallies with a kinde of changeable variety make a pleasant prospect but are not so healthfull as the moderately dry plaine notbarren or sandy but woodded with shady Trees 31. It is bad Dwelling in a different changeable ayre but change of ayre in Travayle by use and custome becomes healthfull making Travailers long-liv'd And Cottagers dwelling continually in one place live to a great Age the Spirits beeing consumed lesse by an accustomed ayre but nourished and repayred more by change of ayre 32. The Life of man as was sayd is not lengthned or shortned by succession of ages but the immediate condition of the Parents both the Father and Mother is to bee Regarded As whether the Father were an old man young or middle aged healthfull and sound or sickly and diseased a Glutton or a Drunkard or whether Children were begotten after sleepe in the morning after long forbearance of Venery in the heate of Love as Bastards or in colder blood as in continuance of Marriage The same circumstances are also on the Mothers side considerable and also the conditions of the mother being with child as whether shee were healthfull and what dyet she kept Certaine rules for judging of Childrens long life by their begetting and Birth are hard to bee given matters falling out contrary to likelyhood for Children begotten with a lively courage prove strong but through their spirits sharpe inflammation are not long-liv'd Also children conceaved of a greater or equall quantity of the Mothers seed and begotten in lawfull Wedlock not in Fornication and in the morning their Parents being not too lusty and wanton doe live long For it is observable that stout strong Parents especially Mothers have not strong children Therefore Plato ignorantly imagined that because Women used not exercise as men did therefore children were not strong whereas unequall strength is most powerfull in the act of generation a strong man and a weake woman having strongest children so young Women are the best breeders and young Nurses are best For the Spartan women marrying not untill two or five and twenty yeeres of age called therefore man-like Women had no luster long-liv'd children than the Roman Athenian or Theban Women counting themselves at twelue or foureteene yeares old marriageable Therefore spare Dyet made the Spartan Women excellent Breeders not late marriage But experience shewes that some Families are long-liv'd long life and diseases beeing hereditary to all of the same stocke and Parentage 34. A blacke or red haire and Complexion with freckles are signes of longer life than a white haire and Complexion And a fresh red colour in yong Folkes is better than a pale a hard skin being not a thick spongy Goose skin but close grain'd is a better signe of long life than a smooth skinne And great wrinkles in the forehead are better signes than a smooth fore-head 34. Haire hard like bristles is a better signe of long life than dainty soft locks and hard thicke curled Haire is better than soft and shining 35. Baldnesse comming sooner or later is an indifferent signe many being soone bald yet long-liv'd and gray haires accounted signes of old Age comming betimes without baldnesse are signes of long life with baldnesse betokening the contrary 36. The hairinesse of the lower parts as the thighes and legges is a signe of long life but not of the breast or upper parts 37. Men of a tall stature proper bigge strong and active are long-liv'd but a low stature and slow disposition are contrary signes 38. In regard of proportion short wastes and long legges betoken longer life than long wasts and short legges And a bigge proportion downwards and slender upwards is a signe of longer life than broad shoulders and slender making downwards 39. Leane folkes of a quiet peaceable disposition and fat folkes of a cholericke stirring nature are commonly long-liv'd Fatnesse in youth is a signe of short life but not in age 40. Long growth eyther to a great or lesser stature is a signe of long life but suddaine growth either to a lowe or high stature is a bad signe 41. Firme flesh full of muscles and sinews buttocks not too bigge and high swelling veines doe signifie long life the contrary are signes of short life 42. A small Head proportionable to the body a middle-siz'd necke not long slender thicke or short shrinking within the shoulders large nostrils a wide mouth eares grisly not fleshy and strong close even teeth doe signifie long life and especially breeding of new Teeth 43. A broad breast bending inwards crooked shoulders a flat belly a broad hand with few lines in the palme a short round foote thighes not very fleshy and high calves of the Legges are signes of long life 44. Great Eyes with a greene circle betweene the white and the white of the Eye senses not too sharpe slow pulses in youth in Age quicker holding the breath easily costivenesse in Youth loosenesse
in Age doe signifie long life 45. Astrologicall Observations drawne from the Horoseope or Nativity are not allowable Children comming at eight Moneths are commonly still-borne but Children borne in Winter are long-liv'd 46. A strict Pythagoricall Dyet or Cornarus Dyet of equall proportion are good to make Schollers and Fryars live long But by free eating and drinking and a plentifull Dyet common people live longest A moderate temperate dyet though healthfull is no cause of long life for the strict Dyet doth breed few spirits consuming lesse moysture and the full Dyet yeelds more repairing nourishment but the moderate Dyet affords neither fewer spirits nor more nourishment the meane of good extreames being not so good as of bad extreames With a strict dyet watching must bee used to keepe sleepe from oppressing the spirits being few and also moderate exercise abstinence from Venery But a plentifull Dyet requires much sleepe frequent exercise and seasonable venery Baths and Oyntments formerly used for delight not to prolong life shall bee hereafter in the following Propositions exactly handled But the learned and wise Physitian Celsus held that variety and change of good plentifull dyet was best also watching but longer and oftner sleepe fasting also but more frequent Feasting and businesse sometimes but more often pleasure and recreation were good and healthfull In keeping a good dyet being the greatest lengthner of Life there are different observations I remember 〈◊〉 an old man of above an hundred yeeres of Age produced for a witnesse in a Plea of Prescription having given in evidence and being askt by the Iudges by what meanes hee had lived so long answered By eating before I was hungry and drinking before I was thirsty but this matter shall bee heereafter handled 47. A religious holy Life may cause a long life for retyrednesse rest divine Contemplation spirituall joy noble hope wholesome feare sweet sorrow newnesse of life strict Observations Repentance and Satisfaction doe lengthen the naturall life of a mortified Christian and the austere dyet of such a life hardens the Body and humbles the Spirit so that Paul the Hermite and Simeon the Anchorite and many other Monkes lived thus in the Wildernesse untill they were old 48. Next unto this is the learned life of Philosophers Rhetoricians and Grammarians living in ease and thoughts not appertaining to businesse without griefe delighting in variety impertinences and in a free voluntary expence of time in the pleasant conversation of young men But Philosophies in respect of long life are different for superstitious high contemplative Philosophies as the Pythagoricall and Platonicke and naturall Philosophy Metaphysicks and Morall Philosophy of Heroicall vertues were good studies to prolong life such were the Philosophies of Democritus Philolaus Xenophon Astrologians and Stoicks also sensible Philosophies not profound and speculative but agreeable to common opinion were good studies profest by Carneades and the Accademicks Rhetoricians and Grammarians But difficult subtile Philosophies weighing matters in the Scale of Principles and full of thorney questions were bad studies whereunto the Peripateticks and Scholasticks were devoted 49. The Countrey life busied in imployments abroad being active and keeping a fresh homely dyet without care and envy doth therefore prolong life 50. The Military life is good in youth many excellent Warriers having beene long-liv'd as Corvinus Camillus xenophon Agefilaus and other both ancient and moderne Also the improvement of Vertue by increasing dayly in goodnesse and labouring in youth doth prolong life the remembrance thereof being sweet in age Besides military affections raised with the desire and hope of Victory infuse into the Spirits heate agreeable to long life Medicines for long life MEdicines there are many for preserving Health and and curing Diseases but few to prolong life Therefore those notables Medicines called Cordials shall be here propounded For Cordials taken to fortifie and strengthen the Heart and Spirits against poyson and diseases being with Iudgement used may by all likely hood be as powerfull to prolong life These heere selected and orderly set downe are best 1. Gold is exhibited and used three wayes in potable Gold Gold quenched in Wine or substantiall Gold as Leafe-Gold and powder Gold Potable Gold was given first in dangerous desperate Diseases for an excellent powerful Cordiall receiving the virtuall effect from the spirit of Salt wherein it is dissolved for Gold would bee more soveraigne could it bee without corrosive waters or by Corrosives cleared of their venemous quality dissolved 2. Pearles are taken in loose powder or dissolved in the sharpe juyce of greene Lemmons or in spiced Comfits and drinkes The Pearle and the shell whereunto it cleaves are of one nature and in quality like the shells of River-Crabs 3. Two Christalline precious Stones are chiefe Cordials the Emerald and Iacinth given in the same manner as Pearles but not usually dissolved yet these glasse greene stones are of a sharp operation The benefit and helpe received from these medicinall Species shall be hereafter declared 4. Bezars Stone is of approoved vertue recreating the spirits and provoking gentle sweat Unicornes Horne is of like esteeme with the Harts Horne and the Bone of the Harts heart Ivory and the like 5. Amber-Grise is very good to comfort and refresh the spirits These Drugges following are of approved vertue Hot. Saffron The Indian Leafe Wood of Aloes Citron Barke Baulme-Mint Graines Avens or Sanamund Orange Flowers Rosemary Mint Betony Blessed Thistle Cold. Nitre Roses Violets Strawberry bush Strawberries Syrrop of Lemmons Syrrop of Oranges Juice of Apples Borrage Buglosse Burnet Sanders Camphire Prescriptions for Dyet being here onely delivered hot waters and Chymicall Oyles by Chymists sayd to be under the Planet of Mars having a destructive furious operation and also hot biting Spices are to bee rejected and waters must bee made more temperate lively and fragrant than Phlegmatick Distillations or hot Extractions of the spirit of Wine 6. Often letting blood having beene formerly much used and all Observations falling out fit and convenient is good to prolong life the old moysture of the body being thereby evacuated and emptied and new introduced and bred 7. Consumptious also and sicknesses procuring leanenesse being well cured doe lengthen life the Body being thereby supply'd with new moysture after the consumption of the old Therefore it is sayd that to grow healthfull after such a Sicknesse is to grow youthfull therefore the procuring of sicknesse by Artificiall Dayets shall be hereafter declared Intentions INquiry having beene made concerning livelesse bodies Vegetables living creatures and Man a new search by true and proper Intentions resembling the paths of mortall life shall be made and more effectuall than all former contemplations of comforting naturall heate and Radicall moysture or of meates breeding good Blood neither hot nor Phlegmaticke and of refreshing and recreating the spirits or of Medicines of Gold being of all mettals least subject to corruption and of precious Stones recreating the spirits by their hidden qualities
and cleerenesse and of the Balsomes and Quintessences of living Creatures which being contayn'd and received in Vessels would give a proud hope of immortality And of the flesh of Serpents and Harts being powerfull to renew Life the one changing his skinne the other his Hornes and the flesh of Eagles because the Eagle changeth his Bill and of one that by annointing himselle all over except the soules of his feete lived 300 yeeres and never felt any other sicknesse but onely a swelling of his feete and of Artesius who perceiving that his spirits grew old attracted the spirit of a lusty young man killing him for that purpose and receiving it into his mouth with the young mans last Breath living many yeeres by his Spirit and of fortunate Houres according to Astronomie wherein medicines to prolong Life should bee gathered and compounded and of the Planets influence powerfull to prolong life and the like superstitious fables and strange delusions by which Reason being besieged hath miserably yeelded up the Fort of beleefe But to these materiall Intentions touching the quicke of the matter though not largely handled much cannot be added some few Admonitions onely concerning them are to be delivered First the Offces and Duties of Life being better than Life the Prescriptions of our Intententions hinder not the Offices and Duties of Life such being rejected or lightly mentioned and not insisted on For no serious Discourse of living in a Denne or hole of a Rocke like Epimenides Cave never befriended with any cheerefull Sun-beame or Day-light or of continuall Baths of prepared Liquors nor of Seare-cloaths keeping the body in a bagge nor of thicke pargetting and painting used by Salvages or of accurate dyets to prolong life formerly kept by 〈◊〉 and in our Age more moderately by Cornarus Venetus nor the like unprofitable idle projects are heere mentioned But our Remedies and Precepts may be used without interrupting and hindering common duties and businesses Secondly it is a vaine conceit to imagine that any Potion or Medicine can stay or renew the course of Nature which great Worke must bee brought about and effected by Application of divers Remedies and being a new project must bee wrought by unusuall meanes Thirdly some following Propositions are not grounded on approoved experiments but on Reason and our former Principles and suppositions are all cut and digged out of the Rock and Myne of Nature And because mans body is in Scripture said to be the Soules upper garment therfore no dangerous but wholesome and profitable Remedies are here propounded Besides it is observable that the same drugs are not good to preserve Health and to lengthen life for some being good to cheere the spirits and make them vigorously and strongly performe their duties doe shorten life others being powerfull to prolong life unlesse prevention bee used doe endanger health therefore some Cautions and Advertisements shall bee inserted leaving the choise of Remedies belonging to the severall Intentions to the Readers discretion For their agreeablenesse to different constitutions of bodies to divers kinds of Life and severall ages and the Order observable in their Application would bee too tedious to declare and unfit to bee published The 3. Intentions propounded in the Topicks of staying consumption perfecting reparation and renewing Age are enlarged into these ten Operations 1. The first Operation is of reviving and renewing the Spirits 2. The second Operation is of excluding or keeping out the Ayre 3. The third of Blood and heate breeding Blood 4. The fourth of the juyce and moysture of the Body 5. The fifth of the Bowels and digestion of nourishment 6. The sixth is of the outward parts attracting nourishment 7. The seaventh is of making Dyet more nourishing 8. The eight is of the last act of Assimilation or converting into the substance of the body 9. The ninth is of making the parts of the body tender after they begin to wither and waxe dry 10. The tenth is of purging out old-moysture and filling the body with fresh new moysture Of these Operations the first foure belong to the first Intention the second foure to the second Intention and the two last to the third Intention And because these Intentions may bee dayly practised therefore under the name of an History Experiments Observations Counsells Remedies Explications of Causes and Reasons are together blended and mingled The Operation on the Spirits to make them continue youthfull and to revive and renew them being decayed The History 1. THat the Spirits worke all effects in the Body is most cleere and evident by divers Experiments 2. And youthfull Spirits convey'd into an old Body would like a great wheele turning about the lesser make Nature move backward and old folks become young 3. In all Consumption by Fire or age the more moisture that the spirit or heate doth devoure the lesse durable is the substance 4. The spirits working temperately should not drinke or devoure but sip the moysture of the body 5. Flames are of two kinds one suddaine and weake working and vanquishing thinne substances as the blazing flame of straw and shavings of wood the other strong and constant invading hard stubborne substances as the flame of great wood 6. Flames suddainly blazing and weake doe dry consume and parch the Body but strong flames dissolve and melt the body making it moist and solt 7. Also some plasters and medicines for swellings drawing out thinne humours doe harden the flesh others by drawing strongly doe soften 8. And some Purgations doe sweepe and fetch away waterish thinne humours others draw downe watery stubborne flymy matter 9. Such spirits as are more powerfull to abate and subject hard stubborne humours than to avoyd thinne and prepared humours will keepe the body lusty and strong 10. The Spirits should bee composed thicke in substance hot and lively not sharpe and burning of sufficient quantity not abounding or swelling and quiet in motion not hoyting or leaping in an unequall unruly manner 11. Vapours worke powerfully on the Spirits as those doe arising from sleepe drunkennesse melancholy and merry passions and from odours and sweet smells recreating the fainting spirits 12. The Spirits are by foure sorts of meanes thickned by flight cooling delight and restraint and first of the thickning by flight 13. Bodies by generall driving and putting to flight are forced into their Center and so thickned 14. The juyce of blacke Poppy and all medicines procuring sleepe doe thicken the spirits by flight 15. Three Graines of Poppy-juyce will make the spirits curdle together and quite extinguish their working 16. The spirits are not put to flight by the coldnesse of Poppy-juyce and the like Drugs being hot but the flight of the spirits doth make them hot and cooling 17. The flight of the spirits from Poppy-juyce is best discerned by the outward application making the spirits withdraw and retire and keepe within untill the mortified part turne to a Gangrine 18. In painefull incisions or cutting for the Stone or cutting
condensate and thicken the spirits by flight so Drugs of an inferiour nature and operation to Nitre doe also coole and thicken the spirits 54. All Drugges inferiour to Niter smell earthly like good pure earth newly turn'd up and digg'd the chiefe whereof are Burrage Buglosse Burnet Strawberry-leaves and strawberries Cowcumbers and fragrant Apples Vine-leaves and Buds and Violets 55. Next to these are Drugges of a hot smell but cooling as Balme Citrons and Lemmons greene Oranges Rose-water roasted Peares Damask and Red Roses and Muske-Roses 56. These Fruits inferiour to Nitre for thickning the spirits should bee used raw not roasted their cooling spirits being by fire dispersed therefore to infuse or squeeze them into Drink or to eate or smell to them raw is best 57. The spirits are thickned also by the odour and smell of other Drugges inferiour to Poppey and Nitre For the smell of pure fresh earth comming from following a Plough or digging or weeding and the smel of leaves fallen from trees in Woods or Hedge-rowes at the beginning of Autumne is good to coole the spirits and especially wither'd Strawberry leaves also the smel of Violets of the flowers of Pellitory of the Wall of Blackberries and Madre-selve is cooling 58. A Noble man of my acquaintance who lived to bee very old did usually after sleepe smell to a clod of fresh earth 59. Also Endive Succory Liverwort Purflaine c. doe by cooling the blood coole also the spirits though not so soone as vapours and smells So much of thickning the spirits by Flight The third kind of thickning is by Delight the fourth by the restraint of their cheorefulnesse joyfulnesse and too violent motions 60. The spirits are mitigated and thickned by such acceptable pleasing Objects as doe not draw them forth but afford them inward delight whereby being collected into their Center they enjoy themselves and therein finde a sweete content 61. The former Positions of drugges inferior to Opium and Nitre being here remembred further inquiry of thickning the spirits by cooling will bee needelesse 62. The restraint of the violent affections and motions of the spirits shall bee hereafter declared now the thickning of the spirits having beene shewed the qualification and temper of their heate follows 63. The spirits should not bee hot and sharpe but strong and lusty to conquer and subdue resisting matter not to attenuate expell thin humors Spices Wine and strong drinke must be temperately used and after Abstinence hath refreshed the appetite and also Savory Margerum Penny-royall and all heaters that bite on the tongue must bee seldome used The heate by them infused into the Spirits being not operative but a devouring heate 65. These Hearbs strengthen the heate of the Spirits Endive Garlicke Blessed-Thistle young Cresses Germander Angelico Wormseed Vervin Set-well Myrthe Pepperwort Elder-budds and Parsley and being used in Sawces and Medicines are hot in operation 66. Also of cooling Drugges compounded with Euphorbium Bastard Pellitory Stavesacres Dragon-wort Anacardium Oyle of Beaversstone Hart-wort Opoponax Gumme of Agasillis and Galbanum and the like to allay the drowsie stupefying power of Poppey a very good Medicine to strengthen the spirits and make them hot and lusty may bee made like Treacle and Mithridate being not sharpe nor biting on the tongue but bitter and of a strong sent yet hot in the stomacke and in working or in their Operations 67. The desire of Venery often stirred up and excited but seldome satisfied in Act doth strengthen the heate of the spirits and so doe some of the affections So much of the heare of the spirits being a cause of long life 68. The spirits should not abound but be few and moderate for a small flame devoures not so much as a greater 69. A sparing Pythagoricall dyet such as Monks and Hermits under the Order of St. Necessity and St. Poverty used is good to prolong life 70. Also drinking of water hard lodging cold spare Dyet of Sallets Fruits and powderd flesh and sale Fish without any fresh warme meate a haire-shirt fasting watching abstinence from sensuall pleasures doe abate and diminish the spirits which being reduc'd to a quantity sufficient to maintaine life doe make lesser wast on the body 71. But a higher Dyet somewhat above those rigorous moderate Dyets being kept man equall constant manner hath the same operation For a great constant quiet flame consumes not so much as a lesser which blazeth and is somtimes bigger sometimes lesser and Cornarus Venetus keeping such a constant Dyet and drinking and eating so many yeeres by just proportion and weight lived in perfect health untill hee was an hundred yeeres of age 72. Also to avoyd inflammation of the spirits a full-sed body not mortified by strict dyets must use seasonable Venery lest the spirits swelling too much doe soften and destroy the body so much of the moderate plenty of spirits 73. The restraynt of the spirits motion is next considerable for motion doth make the spirits hot There be three Restrayners of the spirits Sleepe avoyding of violent labour exercise and wearinesse and the governing and moderating of troublesome affections And first of Sleepe 74. Epimenides slept many yeeres in a Cave without any food because the spirits in sleepe devoure not much radicall moysture 75. Also Dormice and Bats doe sleepe in holes all the Winter sleep restrayning the consrming power of their vitall spirits so Bees wanting Honey and Butter-flies and Flesh-flyes do live by sleep 76. Sleepe after Dinner the first Vapours of meate like a Dew ascending then into the head is good for the Spirits but unwholesome for the body And sleepe is as nourishing as meate for old folkes who should often take light Refections and short naps and beeing growne extreame olde should live in continuall ease and Rest especially in Winter 77. Thus moderate sleepe being sound and quiet doth prolong Life 78. To make one sleepe soundly and quietly Violets are good sod Lettuce Syrrup of Roses Saffron Balme Apples eaten before going to Bed a sop dipt in Malmsey wherein a Muske-Rose hath beene steeped or a Pill or Potion made of these Ingredients Also all binding Drugges as Coriander-seed prepared and roasted Quinces and Peares doe cause sound and quiet sleepe But a good draught of cleere cold Water is best to make young folkes having strong stomacks sleepe soundly Voluntary Extasies and fixed profound Meditations joyned with a quiet minde doe thicken the spirits more than sleepe making them rest from outward operations as sleepe doth So much of sleep 79. Violent wearisome exercises and motions as Running Tennis Fencing are not good nor strayning of strength to the uttermost as Leaping and wrestling for the spirits by such violent nimble motions and straining of the strength being droven into a narrow roome doe become more sharpe and praedatory or devouring but Dancing Shooting Riding Bowling and such moderate Exercises are very healthfull Some of the affections and passions of the minde doe shorten the life of man and some
hereof is grounded on the infallible Axiom of the drynesse the body being dryed by the emission and issuing forth of the spirits but by their detayning melted and softned Besides it is a Position that all kind of heate doth properly make thin and moysten and doth onely accidentally contract and dry 4. Dwelling in Caves and Dennes the Ayre receiving there no Sun-beames doth lengthen life for the ayre being not excited by heate cannot wast and consume the body And by divers ancient Tombes and Monuments in Sicily and other places it is cleerely evident that the stature of man was greater in former Ages than now being of a great stature and long-liv'd Epimenides Cave is an ancient Fable And as living in Caves was then usuall so the Anchorites lived in Pillars impenetrable by the Sun-beames and the Ayre being unchangeable The Anchorites Simeon Stilita Daniel and Saba living in Pillars were very long-liv'd Also moderne Anchorites have lived in walls and Pillars unto agreat Age. 5. Dwelling on Mountaines is next to living in Caves for the Sun-beames pierce not nor penetrate into Caves and on the tops of Mountaines have no reflexion and little strength But on Mountaines having a cleare pure ayre and drye Vallies below whence no Clouds or Vapours doe ascend being like those mountaines encompassing Barbary whereon people live to an hundred yeeres of Age it is good dwelling 6. Such an Ayre either in Caves or on Mountaines is not naturally praedatory or devouring but our common Ayre being of a wasting quality through the warme heate of the Sunne must be excluded and kept out of the body 7. The Ayre is excluded or kept out by shutting or filling the pores 8. Coldnesse of the Ayre nakednesse of the skinne washing in cold water binders applyed to the skinne as Masticke Myrthe and Myrtle doe shut close the pores of the body 9. Baths also made of astringent binding minerall waters extracted from steele and glasse doe strongly contract and close the skinne but must be seldome used especially in Summer 10. Concerning filling painting oyntments oyles and Pomanders doe preserve the substance of the body as oyle-colours and Varnish doe preserve wood 11. The ancient Brittaines painted their bodies with Woad and were very long-liv'd and so were the Picts from the like painting of their bodies called Picts or living Pictures 12. The Virginians and Brasiltans doe paint themselves and are very long-liv'd for the French Fryars lately found there some Indians who could remember an hundred and twenty yeeres since the building of Farnamburg 13. Iohn of Times living to 300. yeeres of Age being asked what Preservatives had made him live so long answered Oyle without Honey within 14. The wild Irish also live very long being used to annoynt themselves naked before the fire with old salt-peeter And the Countesse of Desmond bred teeth thrice and lived to 140. yeeres of Age. 15. The Irish doe weare saffroned Linnen and shirts continuing long cleane and lengthening life For Saffron being a great binder oyly and hot without sharpnesse is very comfortable to the skinne and flesh I remember that an English man being to goe to Sea and having put a bag of Saffron within his Doublet next his Breast to avoyd paying of Custome was in that Voyage very healthfull having been formerly alwayes sea-sicke 16. Pure fine Linnen according to Hypocrates advice should be worne in Winter next unto the skinne in Summer courser Linnen and oyled for the spirits being then very much exhaled and drawne forth the pores of the skinne should bee closed and filled 17. Annointing of the skin at the first rising out of Bed with Oyle-olive or Oyle of Almonds mingled with Bay-salt and Saffron is good to lengthen life But this annoynting must be with Wooll or a soft spunge lightly done not dropping on the body but onely wetting the skinne 18. For the body being drawne by a great quantity and drinking in a lesser quantity should bee therefore lightly annoynted or instead thereof oyled shirts may be worne 19. But the Grecians and Romans formerly using this annointing with Oyle left off now in Italy lived not longer in those Ages being used by all except Fencers onely after Bathing hot Baths being of a contrary operation opening the pores by unctions and oyntments shut together and closed Therefore Bathing without Annoynting is unhealthfull but Annoynting without Bathing is very good Besides precious Oyntments were then used for delicacy and delight not for health or to lengthen life as Virgil sayd Nec Cassia liquidi corrumpitur usus Olivi Nor doth the use of Oyle decay By using precious Cassia 20. Annoynting is healthfull to keepe out cold in Winter and good to keepe in the spirits in the Summer from loosening and defend them from the praedatory devouring power of the ayre 21. In annoynting with good Oyle being good to prolong Life foure Cautions arising from foure discommodities are observable 22. The first discommodity is that suppressing of sweat may breed diseases out of those excrementitious Humours being not prevented by Purgations and Glisters For swearing though healthfull doth weaken nature and shorten life but moderate Purgatives work on the humours not the spirits as sweat doth 23. The second discommodity is that by heating and enflaming the body the enclosed spirits venting not forth by breathing may become hot This inconvenience is prevented by a coole dyet and by often taking such coolers as in the operation of blood shal be mentioned 24. Thirdly annoynting may make the Head heavy for all outward filling striking back the vapours doth drive them backe towards the Head but Purgatives and Glisters and closing the mouth of the Ventricle with restrictive binders and combing and rubbing the head with Lye to cause the exhalations and using exercises to vent humours by the pores of the skin doe all prevent this inconvenience 25. The fourth discommodity being of a subtiler nature is the increasing of the detayned spirits by shutting the pores for new spirits being without any venting of the old continually generated and multiplyed would feed on and waste the body but this assertion is erronious for the spirits being confined are dull and venting by motion as Flame are not so active and generative to increase in heate like a hot flame but slow in motion besides this inconvenience may be remedied by coolers steeped in oyle of Roses and Myrtle but Cassia and heaters must bee shunned 26. The linings of apparell for exhausting and drawing the Body should not be of a watery but oyly substance and therefore Bayes and woollen linings are better than Linnen And sweete powders sooner loose their sent among Linnen than among Woollen Linnen beeing soft and cleane but not so healthfull as Woollen 27. The wild Irish beginning to grow sicke doe presently take the sheets of their Beds and afterwards wrappe themselves in the woollen Blankets 28. Carded Wooll worne next the skin in Britches and Doublets is very good 29. Accustomed Ayre wasts not the Body so
hayre shirts whippings and all outward austerities doe strengthen the attractive faculty 9. Netling is commended by Cardan to be good against Melancholly but for raysing red blisters on the skin is not to bee allowed So much of the operation on the outward parts for attracting and drawing of nourishment The Operation on Food and dyet shewing which is most nourishing 7. The History 1. PHilosophers might better than Physitians follow common opinion in condemning many Services and Messes of meate lengthning not Life but preserving health for a Heterogeneous mixture of meates doth more readily nourish the veines breeding better moysture than one kinde of meate moreover variety excites the Appetite and the Appetite sharpens Disgestion So that a various kinde of Dyet according unto the seasons of the yeare is approoved 2. Good Sawces are wholsome preparatives to meate preserving health and prolonging life 3. Course Fare requires strong Drinke and piercing Sawces that may sinke into the meate but with fine Fare small Drinke is best and fat Sawces 4. At Supper the first cup of drinke should be drunk warm and a good draught of warme drinke spiced taken halfe an houre before meate is a good preparative for the stomacke 5. Meat Bread and drinke being well drest made and brew'd are most nourishing which matters belonging to the Kitching and Buttery are more necessary to be knowne than the Fables of Gold and Pearle 6. Boyl'd meate drest with moyst cooling Sawces doth not moysten the Body beeing good in hot sicknesses but affording no oyly nourishment boyld meats being not so good as roasted and baked 7. Meate must bee roasted with a quick fuddain fire not with a slow fire nor lye too long at roasting 8. Solid meats so corned with Salt that little or no Salt neede bee eaten therewith at the Table is good Salt meate beeing better for Digestion than Salt eaten with meate 9. Meat should be layd to soake in convenient Lyquors before it bee roasted or baked as fish is watred and layd in pickle 10. Flesh beaten before boyling becomes tender for Partridges and Pheasants taken by Hawking and Venison killed in Hunting are very sweete and pleasant in eating And some Fish is better by beating Also hard sower Peares and other fruites beeing rowled and squeezed do wax sweet and mellow Flesh beaten and bruised before laying downe to roast is thereby prepared for Disgestion and is very good 11. Bread well Leavened but lightly salted and baked in a very hot oven is best 12. Of Drinke to lengthen Life Water beeing no Life prolonger it is onely observable that the parts of Spiritual Drinkes as Wine Beere 〈◊〉 and Metheglin must be subtile and the spirits gentle 〈◊〉 because shortnesse and Age doe make the parts 〈◊〉 and cleere but the 〈◊〉 sharpe therefore some 〈◊〉 substance as was sayd must bee put in Vessells to allay the sharpenesse of the Spirits Also Drinke beeing kept in continuall motion by carriage at Sea or in Carts or in Bladders hung on Lines and stirred every Day will by such motions become thinne and cleere by blending the spirits be kept from sowernes being a kinde of putrefaction 13. Meate should by Dressing be made easie of disgestion for old Folkes But Distillations of meate are vaine conceites the nourishing and best part thereof ascending not into vapour 14. Meate and Drinke dissolved and mingled together is easie of Digestion Therefore of Chickins Partridge or Pheasants beeing first parboyled with water and salt then wip'd and dryed and boyled to a ielly in wine or Ale with some Sugar a strong comfortable broth is made 15. Also Gravie of meate or mince-meat and Hodg-podges well seasoned are good for old Folkes whose teeth cannot be cheewing prepare their meate for Disgestion 16. The defect of strong 〈◊〉 for chewing meate may 〈◊〉 supplied by making new 〈◊〉 grow hardly effected 〈◊〉 an inward powerfull restoring of the whole body or by hardning the Gums by binding medicines to serve insteede 〈◊〉 teeth or by preparing and dressing meate to neede little or no chewing 17. To exceede sometimes 〈◊〉 the quantity of meat and drink and to water the body by great Feasts and liberall drinking is sometimes good So much of the operation of preparing and dressing of dyet The operation on the last act of Assimilation or conversion into the like substance 8. THe nature of the last Act of Assimilation or Converting into the like substance being the intended effect of the three former Operations may bee opened and declared without Rules The Comment 1. ALL bodies desire to Assimilate and convert Substances into their owne substance Flame Spirit Ayre being thinne and Spirituall doe couragiously performe this worke but thicke and grosse substances very weakely this desire of assimilating being by a stronger desire of rest and ease restrayned 2. For this Desire of assimilating restrained in the Body is ineffectuall untill it bee by heate and Spirit freed excited and actuated and therefore livelesse bodies doe not assimilate and living Creatures assimilate Disgest and convert into their owne substance 3. More heate is required to make hard Bodies assimilate and Disgest therefore the bodies parts growne hard with Age must bee softned and heate then weake encreased for helping Disgestion But of preventing the bodies hardnesse some Rules were delivered and others shall be given heereafter for softning the parts For increasing heate take this Rule or Axiom 4. The act of Assimilation incited and provoked by heate a very accurate subtile motion and most powerfull when bodily motion the disturber thereof ceases For a substance of one kind wil not separate into parts of divers kinds being moved as Curd will not rise nor the Whey sinke downe the Milke being gently stirred Also running water nor any water or liquor will not put refie being continually moved and shaked Therefore by this Reason this conclusion is inferr'd 5. Assimilation is performed and perfected chiefly in sleepe and rest especially towards Morning after good digestion therefore sleeping warme using oyntments towards morning or provoking of moderate heate by an oyled shirt and sleeping afterward again are all very good So much of the last act of Assimilation or converting food into the substance of the body The Operation for making the body tender and young having begun to wither and grow old and how to soften the body 9. THat good Dyet and restraint of the spirits doe by an inward tedious manner of working make the Body tender was formerly shewed an outward and more speedy meanes shall now bee declared The History 1. AS Medea in the Fable pretended to make Pelias young by boyling the pieces of his dissected body in a Kettle with medicinable Drugges so heere in renewing of Age the inward parts must bee distinguished and divided with judgement and by more particular wayes than the body softned 2. But this dissection must be in some respect performed not with any Razour but with judgement for the bowells and inward parts being different their
softning is not effected by the same meanes but they must be particularly softned and by other wayes than those which belong unto the whole Body which shall be first declared 3. Soften the body with Baths and oyntments and the like according to these following observations 4. Baths and Oyles soften livelesse bodies attracting and sucking in liquors but not living bodies working outward 5. Therefore common mollifiing softning Baths doe rather draw than soften and loosen rather than harden the body 6. The best Baths and Oyntments to soften the body must have these three properties 7. Their substance must be like unto the Bodies substance having an outward nourishing power 8. Secondly that they bee compounded with some piercing drugs infusing the power of other nourishing drugs into the body 9. Thirdly they must have though in a lesser quantity some binding Ingredients being not sharpe or sower but oyly and comfortable that the other Ingredients by the exhaling of the body bee not hinderd in working and making the Body tender but may have by the binding of the skinne and shutting the pores a stronger operation 10. The warme Blood of Man or Beast is most consubstantiall or like in substance to mans body The invention of Ficinus was vaine imagining that strength might in old age bee renewed by sucking Blood out of the arme of a yong man for nourishment should not be equall nor like in substance unto the body nourished but subordinate and 〈◊〉 before digestion Substances like the Body being best for outward applications 11. A Bath of Childrens blood was formerly held a soveraigne cure for the Leprosie and to purifie old corrupted Bodies So that some Kings using these luxurious Baths were envied by the common people 12. Heraclitus to cure his Dropsie crept into the belly of an Oxe newly killed 13. The warme blood of Kitlings doth cure Tettars and Ring-wormes and make new fleshand skinne grow againe 14. To stay the bleeding of an Arme or Limbe cut off or any other wound put the remaining part or the wounded limbe into the belly of an Oxe that hath beene newly opened for the blood of the limbe cut off or wounded sucking and drawing unto it selfe the warme blood of the beast doth stop and run backe 15. Pigeons split asunder and opened are in dangerous desperate sicknesses layd to the Patients soles of the feete the Cures thereby wrought being imputed to their drawing away the malignity of the Disease howsoever their Application doth comfort the Head and animal spirits 16. But besides these bloody Baths and Oyntments there are other Baths more handsome cleanly and effectuall 17. Baths may be made of nourishing substances like unto mans body as Beefe-sewet Hogs grease Deeres sewet Oysters Milke Butter whites of egges wheat-flower sweet wine Sugar and Metheglin 18. With these Ingredients Bay-salt and old Wine may bee mingled to make them penetrate and pierce into the body 19. Binding Ingredients being oyly and comfortable are Saffron Masticke Myrrh and Myrtle-berries and all these Ingredients make an excellent Bath 20. For the powerfull working of this Bath foure Rules are observable 21. First before bathing rub and annoint the Body with Oyle and Salves that the Baths moistning heate and virtue may penetrate into the body and not the liquors watery part Then sit two Houres in the Bath after Bathing wrap the Body in a seare-cloth made of Masticke Myrrh Pomander and Saffron for staying the perspiration or breathing of the pores untill the softning of the body having layne thus in seare-cloth twenty foure houres bee growne solid and hard Lastly with an oyntment of Oyle Salt and Saffron the seare-cloth being taken off annoint the body 22. And some dayes the Bath must be renewed with plasters and oyntments in the aforesaid manner and this way of softning must continue a moneth 23. In bathing a good dyet must be kept and warmth and warm drinks used 24. Fomentations or nourishing of naturall heate by the warmth of living bodies is good Ficinus saith that David was cherished by the Virgin-warmth of a young mayd who being Annoynted after the Persian manner with Myrrh had beene a delightfull reviving fomentation 25. Barbarossa in his old Age by the Jew his Physitian continually apply to his stomacke and sides young Boyes for fomentations And little Dogs being layd to the stomackes of old Folkes have kept them warme in the night-time 26. Some to avoyd Derision have cut off a peece of their long Nose or the crooked bunch thereof and afterward their Nose being thrust into an incision made in their Arme was both healed and grew into a handsomer fashion and forme whereby the consent of Flesh in healing Flesh is declared 28. Prescriptions for softning the particular principall parts as the stomacke lights liver heart braine the marrow of the back-bone the reynes gall stanke veines arteries sinews gristles and bones would bee too tedious to set downe no generall instructions but certaines notes for practice being here delivered How the bodie being purged of old oysture and filled with new moysture may be renewed and made yong 10. The History THese Positions following concerning the principall parts before lightly touched are now againe enlarged 1. Plough-oxen spent with labour being put into new fresh pastures grow fat and faire their flesh proving afterward in eating very young and tender So that flesh may eafily be made tender and by often softning the flesh the bones and skinne may be softned 2. Dyets of Guiacum Sarsa-perilla China and Sassafras being long strictly kept doe first attenuate or make thin then consume or devoure all the moysture of the body for the French pox being growne to gumminesse and being got into the marrow and moysture of the body hath beene thereby cured Some also by such Dyets being made leane and pale have afterward growne fat and fresh-coloured Therefore in the declining of Age such Dyets are good to bee kept once in two yeeres there by to grow young againe as the Snake doth by casting his skinne 3. It is my Opinion though I am no Hereticall Puritane that Purgations often and familiarly used doe lengthen Life more than Exercise or sweating For as annoynting of the Body and stopping the pores and keeping out the ayre and keeping in the spirits doe lengthen Life So by sweatings and outward breathings the good spirits and moysture being not easily repayred are exhaled and consumed with the excrementitious humours and vapours But Purgations of gentle Purgative not griping the belly being taken before Meate to prevent their drying quality doe worke chiefly on the humours These Perscriptions are true and the Remedies approved seeming vulgar but being carefully and diligently tryed were found to bee good and effectuall Experiments For so the effects of wise counsell are admirable and their Order excellent but their meanes of effecting seeme vulgar and common The Doores of Death THE Doores of Death are Accidents going before or following after or comming with Death For Death being not
violent but naturall by defect of Nature doth enter at certaine common doores The History 1. THE living spirit subsists by due motion temperate cooling and fit nourishment A flame needs onely motion and Nourishment being a simple substance the Spirit a compounded substance destroyed by approaching neerer to the nature of flame 2. A flame as Aristotle well no ted is by a greater stronger flame extinguished much more the spirit 3. The flame of a Candle being put into a Glasse and kept very close is extinguished by the Ayre enlarged by heate and thrusting the flame together And fewell lying too close in a Chimney burnes not with a bright flame 4. Fire also by thrusting pressing together is extinguished and a coale of fire being trodden Or crush'd with the Tongs 5. But concerning the spirits blood or fleame getting into the Ventricles of the Braine doe cause suddaine Death the spirit having no place of residence or motion Also violent Fractures and beating of the head doe cause suddain Death by straightning the spirits in the ventricles of the Braine 7. Opium and other strong Drugs procuring unsensiblenesse doe by thickning the spirits deprive them of motion 8. Venemous vapours beeing hateful to the spirits are deadly poysons by whose malignant quality the spirits are opprest deprived of their motion and made unable to resist so strong an enemy 9. Extreame Drunkennesse and Gluttony have caused sudaine Death the spirits not with thicke or malignant vapours proceeding from Opium or poyson but with aboundance of Vapors being opprest 10. With the suddain apprehension of Griefe and Feare conceived at the relation of unexpected bad tidings some have suddainly Dyed 11. The Excessive compression and inlarging of the Spirits are both deadly 12. Great and suddaine ioyes have deprived many of their life 13. Greater Evacuations of water by Dissections for the Dropsie or violent and suddaine Fluxes of Blood are Deadly the Blood and spirits doe avoyde vacuity or emptinesse and fill up the emptie places repaying hither slower Fluxes of Blood procuring want of nourishment but no powring backe of the spirits So much of the compression and effusion of the spirits causing Death 14. Stopping the breath is through defect of cooling deadly by choaking and strangling the motions of the spirits being not hindred but cooling defective for excessive hot Ayre drawne in for breath doth choake as soone as stopping of the Breath As by burning charcoale or by the smell of new whited walles in a close chamber Iustinian and others have beene choaked Fausta the wife of Constantine the great was strangled by the steame of an exceeding hot Bath 15. For breath is drawne in by the Lungs and breathed forth againe every third part of a minute 16. The beating of the Pulse and of the Heart both by the systole or backward motion or Dyastole or forward motion is thrice as swift as breathing for the beating of the Heart could it be without stopping being stayd would cause Death sooner than strangling 17. Delian Dyvers and PearleFishers through continuall use will hold their Breath tenne times longer than another 18. Living Creatures having Lungs hold their breath a shorter or longer time as they neede more or lesse cooling 19. Fishes neede lesse cooling than other creatures cooling and breathing themselves at their Gills And as other creatures cannot endure a hot close ayre so Fish in water quite frozen over and long covered with Ice are choaked and strangled 20. The naturall heate of the Spirits is by another more violent heate oppressed being unable to endure them both without cooling as may bee seene in burning-feavers naturall heate being extinguished and Dissipared by hot putrified Humors 21. Want of Sleepe is a want of cooling For motion doth rarifie make thinne sharpen and encrease the heat of the Spirits But by sleep their motion is allayd and their wandring restrayn'd For sleepe doth strengthen and excite the working of the inward parts and Spirits and all outward motion but maketh the living spirit rest from motion Every 24. houres nature requires 5. or 6. houres sleepe Thogh some have miraculously refrained from sleepe for Mecaenas slept not a great while before hee dyed 22. Nourishment is a third want of Nature suffered by the parts of the Body not the living spirit subsisting in Idenity and Beeing without succession or renewing And the reasonable Soule proceeding not from Generation needs no reparation beeing not subject to Death as the Animall and Vegative soule differing both in Essence and Forme from the reasonable Soule For their confusion without distinction was the Originall of transmigration and many heathen hereticall opinions 23. A healthfull body doth every day require food enduring not to fast three dayes together unlesse enabled by custome but sicke folkes can easily fast and sleepe doth nourish as Exercise makes the body require nourishment And some miracles of Nature have lived a long time without meate or drinke 24. Dead bodies being kept from putrefaction will not a long time decay But living bodies cannot above three dayes subsist this speedy consumption being the worke of the living spirit repairing it selfe or making the parts neede repairing and therefore living creatures by sleeping endure longer without food sleepe being the reception and collection of the living Spirit 25. A continuall Flux or voyding of blood by the Piles or by vomiting of Blood some veyne within being opened or broken or by wounds doth cause speedy Death For the Blood of the veines doth supply and feed the blood of the Arteries and the blood of the Arteries doth feed the spirits 26. Meate and Drinke received twice daily is not all voyded by Extrements vrine or sweating the rest being converted into the moysture substance of the body the body growing not bigger as the repaired spirits are not in quantity increased 27. Nourishment must be so prepared and Dressed that the spirits may worke thereon For the flame of a Torch is not maintayned and kept burning by the staffe unlesse it bee covered with waxe lights and hearbs alone are no nourishing flood This doth cause the decay in Age the Spirits cloathed with Flesh and Blood being few and thinne and the moysture and blood old and hard are unable to nourish 28. The ordinary necessities of Nature are these continuall motion of the Spirits in the ventrieles of the Braine beating of the heart every third part of a moment Breathing every moment Sleepe and Food within three Dayes the decaying after fourscore years of age of the faculties of Digestion these Defects beeing not seasonably supply'd Death will ensue So that Death hath three Doores the spirits fayling in motion cooling and nourishing The living spirit is not like a flame continually lighted and extinguished without certaine duration and continuance A flame doth live in a flame being by contrary qualities only extinguished But all parts of the Body beeing to the living Spirit friends and servants are also comfortable and serviceable Therfore the living Spirit
is of a middle Nature betweene flame beeing a momentary substance and Aire beeing a fixed Substance The Destruction of the Organs of the spirits either by Diseases or violence is another Doore of Death And so much of the Forme of Death 29. Convulsions of the Head and Face with deepe deadly sighing being a kind of Convulsion and the extreame quicke beating of the Pulse the Heart trembling with the pangs of Death and sometimes againe beating weakely and slowly as the heate beginnes to faile and faint are two chiefe Signes of Death 30. The immediate Signes of Death are great unquietnesse tumbling and striving raking with the hands as if gathering lockes of Wooll striving to take hold and holding fast hard shutting of the Teeth ratling in the 〈◊〉 trembling of the under-lip pale countenance confused memory speechlesnesse cold sweats stretching out the Body lifting up the white of the eyes and an alteration of the whole Face the Nose becomming sharp the eyes hollow and the cheekes falling with the Contraction and Convulsion of the Tongue and coldnesse of the lowest parts and sometimes issuing of Blood or seede loud shreeking short breathing the falling of the lower jawes and the like 31. After Death there follows immediately a privation or depriving of the Sense and motion of the Heart Arteries Nerves and Sinewes inability of standing upright stiffenesse of the Nerves and limbs coldnesse putrefaction and stinke 32. Ecles Serpents and Flyes cut in pieces will a great while after moove and stirre Countrey people supposing they would if suffered joyne together againe And the bodies of Birds their heads beeing cut or pluckt off will afterward leape and flutter I remember that I say a Traytor emboweled whose heart beeing cast into the fire leaped five foote high and afterward lower for the space of seaven or eight minutes Also the old tradition of a sacrificed Oxe that in embowelling lowed deserves to 〈◊〉 beleeved thogh it be more 〈◊〉 that a man executed and embowelled after his hart was pluckt out and in the hang mans hand was heard to utter three or foure words of his prayers beeing more likely than the relation of the 〈◊〉 Oxe the friends of the partie executed usually feeing the executioner for a suddayne dispatch out of payne by the quicke performance of his office but the Priests were not feed speedily to dispatch their Sacrifices 33. To rayse and recover to life such as faint and fall into a swond in which fits many without helpe would expire use hot waters bend the Body forwards stoppe the mouth and nostrils hard bend and wring the fingers plucke off hayre from the Beard or head rub and chafe the Body especially the face and outward parts cast cold water suddainly in the face shrecke out aloud hold Rose-water and vinegar to the nostrils burning feathers and woollin cloath for the mother also the smoak of a hot frying pan is good in sounding and keeping the body close and warme 34. That many laid forth coffin'd buried were only in a sound hath bin discovered by digging them up agayne and finding their heads beaten and bruised with striving in the Coffin Of such a living funerall Iohn Scotus that subtle Scholler was a memorable example who by his servant absent at his buriall but acquainted with those 〈◊〉 wherein hee falling was supposed to bee Dead and so buried being digg'd up againe 〈◊〉 found in the aforesayde manner with his head and other limbes beaten and 〈◊〉 A Player also acting Death to the Life in a sound thought to put a ieast upon Death but was buried in earnest at Cambridge as many can well 〈◊〉 who were then 〈◊〉 I remember that a 〈◊〉 desirous to make 〈◊〉 of the paine suffered by prisoners at their execution told me that in hanging 〈◊〉 getting upon a stoole and casting himselfe off from 〈◊〉 hee swung a while about and then thought to recover the stoole but could not without the helpe of his friend then present who asking him what hee suffered He answered that hee felt no payne but first saw a fire or a flame then a kinde of black greene mist and lastly a pale Sea-blew colour usuall visions in sowning Also a Physitian having hang'd a man halfe an houre recovered him to life by rubbing and hot Baths professing also to recover any man after halfe an houres hanging his necke at the first falling downe beeing not broken The Differences of youth and Age. 1. THE Scale or Ladder of Mans life hath these steps 〈◊〉 Quickning in the 〈◊〉 Birth Sucking 〈◊〉 feeding on Pap and Spoon-meat in Infancy 〈◊〉 of teeth at two yeares old secret haire at twelve or foureteene ability for 〈◊〉 flowers hayre on the 〈◊〉 and under the arme-holes a budding Beard full growth full strength and agility Graynesse Baldnesse 〈◊〉 of flowers and of 〈◊〉 ability inclining to 〈◊〉 a creature with three feete Death The periods and courses of the minde as slipperinesse of memory and such like not described by yeeres shall be hereafter mentioned 2. The Differences of Youth and Age are these following In youth the skinne is moyst and smooth in age dry and wrinkled especially about the fore-head and eyes the flesh in youth is tender and soft in age hard youth is strong and nimble age weake and unwealdy in youth good Digestion in age weake the Bowels in youth are soft and moyst in age salt and dry in youth the body is straight in age bowed and crooked the finews in youth are steddy in age weake and trembling cholericke humours in youth and hot blood in age Phlegmatick melancholy humours and cold blood youth prone to Venery age slow in performance the moysture of the Body in youth oyly in age raw and waterish in youth many swelling spirits in age few and weake in youth spirits thicke and lively in age sharpe and thinne in youth sharpe and sound senses in age dull and decaying in youth strong sound Teeth in age weake worne and falling out in youth colour'd haire in age the former colour turnes grey Haire in youth in Age Baldnesse Quicke and strong Pulse in youth in Age weake and flow in Youth sharpe 〈◊〉 Sicknesses and Diseases in Age tedious and incurable Wounds heale soone in youth in age slowly in youth fresh-coloured checkes in Age pale or of a deepe fanguine red Youth not much troubbled with Rheumes Age Rheumaticke the Bodie growes fatter onely in Age than Youth Perspiration and Digestion in Age being bad and fatnesse being the aboundance of nourishment over and above that which is perfectly assimilated and converted into the substance of the Body And the Appetite is sometimes in Age increased by sharpe humours digestion being then weaker this and the rest being by Physitians ascribed to the decay of naturall heate and radicall moysture but drynesse in the 〈◊〉 of Age doth precedo coldnesse and the lusty heat of flourishing Youth declines 〈◊〉 then to coldnesse 3. The affections also of youth and age differ I remember in