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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A61881	The Indian nectar, or, A discourse concerning chocolata the nature of cacao-nut and the other ingredients of that composition is examined and stated according to the judgment and experience of the Indian and Spanish writers ... its effects as to its alimental and venereal quality as well as medicinal (especially in hypochondrial melancholy) are fully debated : together with a spagyrical analysis of the cacao-nut, performed by that excellent chymist Monsieur le Febure, chymist to His Majesty / by Henry Stubbe ... ; Thomas Gage, Survey of the West-Indies. chap. 15 ...	Stubbe, Henry, 1632-1676.	1662 (1662)	Wing S6049; ESTC R32737	101,338	202

Lord Windsor my singular good Friend and Patron and the worthy Governour of Iamaica under His Majesty one in whom concurr those Qualities that might justly recommend him for so important a charge to the choice of the best and wisest of Princes Loyalty Valour Prudent Conduct Moderation and Affability and under whose Government no Man ought to entertain other despair then what his own Worthlesness creates in him when I shall be safe and secure there and amidst my own Books as well as the Simples mentioned here then I will revise and so enlarge this Work that nothing shall be wanting thereunto Nunc te mar moreum pro tempore fecimus at tu Si foetura gregem suppleverit aureus esto And as I shall endeavour wholly to oblige man-kind with further Observations and Enquiries concerning Chocolata so I hope my example will stirr up others to the like performances and that Persons of ingenuity will either publish their Observations or dir●ct them to me and leave them either with the Lady Windsor or with Mr. Andrew Crock in St. Paul's Church-yard Book-seller to be sent to me that I may not be ignorant of what effects Chocolata or its particular Ingredients have here in England what new preparations and mixture of the Cacao-Nut or Spirit or Oyl are successfully contrived or ingeniously to inform or otherwise benefit men and I do here solemnly profess th●t I shall render all such Persons their due acknowledgment in publick and shall readily serve them any way during my being in Iamaica A DISCOURSE CONCERNING CHOCOLATA CHAP. I. Concerning the Name of Chocolata and its being universally used THe drink called ordinarily Chocolata is by the Indians called Chocolatl and is compounded of Atte as some say or as others Atl which in the Mexican language signifies water and from the sound which the water wherein is put the Chocolata makes as Choco Choco Choco when it is stirred in a cup by an Instrument called a molinet or molinillo untill it bubble and rise into a froth I shall not pursue other derivations of the name it being sufficient that we understand one and the same thing by the several appellations of Chocolatl Chocolata so it is usually called Chocolatte as Mr. Gage names it or Chocholate as Acosta or Succulata as d Mynsicht terms it or Cacaotl and Cacaoatl and Cacauatl all which names it bears in the Mexican Herbal as well as that of Chocolatl aforesaid In America several Countries have several drinks made out of roots and fruits variously prepared The Northerly tract thereof principally seems to use the drink called Chocolata in New-Spain Mexico and the neighbouring Provinces If we may believe Dr. Iuanes de Barrios who lived in those parts it hath been immemorially drunk in the Province ●f Guatimala and as particularly appertains to that Country as Mead to Lithuania and Ale to England however it may have diffused it self into other parts And indeed it hath prodigiously spread it self not only over the West-Indies but over Spain Portugal Italy France high and low Germany and England yea Turky and Persia and hath been recommended by sundry learned Physicians to the world So that it may well merit our regards to enquire into the Nature and Reason of a drink endeared unto us by so great a repute as the General usage of the Nobility and Populace of both Sexes and the Authority of the learnedst and most observing persons can give it It is so generally used in the Spanish Colonies of the West-Indies by the Natives and other Inhabitants that it alone makes up both the necessary provision for their sustenances and their delicaci●● for extraordinary entertainments for pleasure This is confirmed by the general vogue of the Indian writers and whosoever shall have read Mr. Gage will no longer doubt it when he shall find besides the particular Chapter in which he designes a special account of it most of which is transcribed out of Anton. Colmenero de Ledesma how at sundry times he was treated therewith by way of a magnificent collation and being to travail he makes a store of Chocolatte to be as important a care as any for a journey In Spain it is drunk all Summer once or twice a day o●● indeed at any time by way of entertainment for however Physicians there endeavour to confine the people to Rules yet is it generally drunk without regard to any and it is there as well as in the Indies all the year long It is drunk by the allowance of the Physicians once or twice each day and by the prevalence of custome as often as there is occasion for entertainment or that one is tyred through business and wants speedy refreshment There is a controversy about the convenience of taking it in Summer since Anton. Colmenero disallows it beyond May. But others as learned and observing as he permit it all the year and for Experience which he takes notice of they vouch the general practise of Sevil both of the King Court and City Nobis videtur consultissimum omni aestatis tempore potionem sumere Chocolatis Et si ad comprobationem valet Experientia hoc in communi vita civi●m Hispalensium cum sit haec calidissima regio ita feliciter sentitur ab omnibus ut illo carere sit apud illos infelicitas major Et huic accidit quod illo tempore sit hominum natura laxa maxime fere dissoluta si verum fari licet neminem per haec tempora video a Chocolate abstinere neque inter intemperantes Proceres neque temperatissimos Hispaniae Reges nec mediae fortunae cives Et nobis certe videtur nullo magis tempore quam aestate prodesse Chocolate I think it most fit to take Chocolate all Summer long And if we recurr to Experiments this is the general practise of the Inhabitants of Sevi●● which yet is a most hot country so that they count it a great misfortune to be deprived of it Besides at that time of the year our bodies suffer a greater exolution of Spirit and are more relaxed in their Pores then at other times And to speak the truth at this time of the year I observe that neither the most intemperate Courtiers nor the most temperate Kings nor vulgar Citizens do refrain it And I think it never more necessary then at that season of the year To evidence further the prevailing use of Chocolata we are to know that in Spain as well as the Indies people will not refrain it on fasting-daies and it is become a Case of Conscience managed with more then ordinary contests Whether the taking of Chocolata be a violation of Ecclesiastical Fasts The Moralists and Physicians divide upon it nor is there one considerable Argument produced for the necessity of taking it on Fast-days and so of reconciling it to Ecclesiastical Fastings but that of custome which how authentique an argument it is in this ●ase I leave to

which should issue out according to the several intents and passages of Nature being retained or resumed into the Blood again introduce an acrimony into it whereby Nature is exstimulated to an ineffectual Venery Thus after long Agues or the recovery out of Chronical Diseases a salacity possesses the Patient which as it ariseth from no other cause then I have already specified so it is prejudicial to the Person he embraceth for hereby Diseases are transplanted oftentimes as the Pocks and Consumptions or new ones introduced of which the poor woman is not apprehensive being ignorant of this cause lying in the constitution of the seed of her Husband newly recovered or newly having fill'd his Veins with acrimony or saline humour occasioned by some late entertainment And when I consider seriously the multiplicity of Distempers which affect our English Ladies so as that such as were very healthy Virgins become very sickly and infirm Wives and some recover again as soon as they are Widows I cannot but think that many of their Diseases may arise from the seed which their Husbands inject and are fomented so thereby that all Physick becomes unsuccesfull because they do not totally refrain each other 's Bed I am very confident of this Opinion of mine that it is true because several have assured me of a great discrepancy they could feel in the seed of their Husbands at several times and that they were variously affected thereupon I shall evidence this by a notable History of Laurentius Hofmannus De usu abusu Medic Chym. pag. 124. Et ego ipse nobile par conjugum mirabili morbo afflictum vidi quos hoc ipso sc. Mercurio vitae feliciter curavi Casum itaque hunc mirabilem vix auditum lubet apponere Quotiescunque maritus rem cum uxore juvencula formosissima habere cuperet maximè haec trepidabat concubitúmque illius reformidabat pr● ptereà quòd plerumque post seminis masculini calidissimi foetidissimi effusionem exanimis in thoro j●ceret foetor enim seminis adeò abominabilis fuit ut ferè semper post coitum in animi deliquium inciderit Interim tamen quinque annorum spatio decies concepit molas vel 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 peperit In consilium itaque vocatus Mercurium vitae marito uxori verò alia convenientia exhibui remedia quibus Deus ità benedixerat ut non tantùm magnâ cum dulcedine nobilissimi conjuges deinceps amoris poma● decerperent sed etiam anno sequenti parentes audirent That is I knew a noble marryed couple troubled with a strange sort of Indisposition whom I successfully cured with Mercurius vitae I shall report the Case it being rare and unheard of As often as ever the Husband conjugally embraced his Wife which was a Person of extraordinary beauty and youth she used to shiver and tremble and feared nothing so much as his amours because that for the most part after that she had received into her womb the seed of her Husband which was very hot and of a most stinking scent she used to swoon away for so abominably noysom was the seed of her Husband that it was no sooner injected but it caused faintings and swoonings in her yet did she conceive and miscarry ten times in the space of five years Being demanded my advice I gave the Husband Mercurius vitae and to the Wife other suitable remedies which had so great an effect by God's blessing that the two Noble Personages did enjoy each other with a great deal of pleasure and she brought forth a living childe the following year Nor is this repugnant to what we daily observe in uterine injections which differently operate according to the different Ingredients and Qualities And if it be so herein how much more ought we to allow the truth hereof in Seminal injections which as they are injected as are the former so they are received with much more ardour the conflux of Spirits thither occasioning a greater tension and heat there at that time so that the contagion pierces deeper as Infection is sooner caught by the hot and sweating the pores being open then by the cold and chill Lest the Women hereby should upbraid the Men and boast the hazards they run by Marriage I must crave leave to tell you that there is as great variety in their Sex as in ours and that every one that wears a Petticoat is not capable nor merits the affection of a Man how beautifull soever she may be nay commonly it may be said that the fairest Persons where a mixture of white and red accomplishes the face and the best shaped are fitter for Mistresses then Wives and yield a more pleasing entertainment in a Balcony or Coach then Bed I shall not alledge the Reasons though they are irrefragable but only add that it were easie to write an Apology for those who having marryed such continue not their affections beyond the first moneth or year It is for such that the Proverb of Hony-moon was designed and if any can continue a long affection for such either the Man is extraordinary good or cautious or the Woman extraordinary cunning or else he is a Novice who having no experience of the Sex imagines all to be as his Wife is as that Romane Dame supposed all Men's breath to stink she having never kiss'd any else because her Husband 's did so I could here enlarge upon the Reasons why a Man may love eagerly and constantly a deformed Person to the prejudice of a beauteous Lady and assert the commendation of Ronsard to Pasithea or the Queen of Navarre whom he represents to be Of Complexion rather brown then fair With which agrees the choice of Solomon in the Canticles I am black but lovely But I shall only add that it is an undenyable thing That there is not that Variety or certainty of Accidents that befall a Man so as to render his Embraces distastfull or fatal excepting the French Pox to any Woman that there is in most Women to render them unfitting or unworthy the Embraces of a Man so great an alteration doth Age Child-bearing Sickness and the like introduce into the Womb as to its Natural Make or Original Ferment Nor are Men either to be separated for the reality of their applications and professions before marriage because they live not up to them after it or to be censured so bitterly for inconstancy because they persist not in their first Affection and Declarations for perhaps the beautifull Lady is changed or did by Surrender acquaint him with Discoveries he knew not before nor could make and therefore if he proceeded by that Rule which his sight and utmost enquiry gave him he acted as well as Man could but he still might be deceived in the Conclusion but that being deceived and knowing himself to be so he should act and comport himself as if he were not so is a constraint every Man's Spirit cannot submit to and therefore it is to

be excused as well as the principal frailties whereunto Humane Nature is lyable The truth of what hath been already said being granted I shall suggest two Conclusions therefrom which I think inevitably do follow viz. 1. If it be true that the collection and ejection of Seed in Man or Woman is a natural act arising from the Blood depurating it self and the Ferment of the generative parts particularly operating upon the Blood then ought they no more to be forced then those other natural Exreetions are of Snot Spittle Urine c. which we do not promote but when their deficiency is or may be troublesome nor do we evacuate but when we are sensible of their redundancy 2. If it be true that there is a great discrepancy not only betwixt the Seed of one Man and another but betwixt the Seed of the same Man at one time and another which is occasioned as well by the Food and Physick he takes as by alteration of Age or Sickness it is then very considerable what Provocatives a Man takes or a Woman gives to provoke lust or conjugal desires lest the Nature of the Seed be depraved and the Woman incurr harm thereby It likewise concerns the Woman to have a particular regard to her self that she may with equal ardours meet the embraces of her Husband she must know that to retain his affection more is necessary then solemn promises and joyning of hands in the Church or the continuing of her beautifull aspect and shape these may acquire and fix a Servant but not an Husband she must therefore take care that her Blood be every way sufficiently depurated upon which depends the Vigour of Body and Minde to the effecting whereof more is requisite then I can now propose Active Complexions are only to be preserved what they are all forcing destroys them These therefore must have a milde and temperate sort of Chocolata not enriched with any sort of Pepper but that of Iamaica nor any other Spice then of the West-Indy growth They need not natural heat and the aforesaid Composition will sufficiently enliven them but if any debility of Stomach or accidental weakness befall them they may vigorate the Chocolata with a glass of good Canary or old Malaga-Sack when they mill it up or take a more rich sort but yet short of those hot and fiery Compounds used by the Spaniards The Phlegmatick Tempers if also abounding with ill Humours must take Chocolata cautiously at first premising a Purge and taking some gentle Lenitive once in six or eight days left it beget too great a fusion of Humours in his body and he must begin with milde Chocolata and after take richer and more effectual Compositions Nature endures not violent and suddain changes I once had a Woman came to me to complain of the unactiveness of her Husband who was to see to a lusty able Man but Phlegmatick and of ● muddy aspect as if Cacochymical she desiring of me some powerfull Electuary to add courage and life to him I prescribed her one agreeable to what Vanninus in his Dialogues recommends not doubting but he would propose the most effectual in that kind Leachery being his greatest Moral vice He had not taken it many times but it created in him desires altogether unusual but in the midst of his and his Wive's delight he fell into a suddain fit of an Asthma which had almost ended his days In reference to both these Considerations perhaps it is that in Italy they now condemn Chocolata if we may believe Sinibaldus because it was found so Provocative that in a little time it rendred the Men impotent like those Plauts which if they be suffer'd to run to Seed dy that year But those Italians know no Chocolata but what is of the Spanish-make and abounding with Chilli or red Pepper I shall speak no more concerning the use of Chocolata then as it is prescribed in Hypochondriacal Melancholy because that this doth merit a particular enquiry for sundry do commend it therein Paulus Zacchias in his Italian Treatise of Hypochondriacal Melancholy mentions it and saith It is not to be allowed in that Distemper but with a great deal of judgment since he cannot believe but it is rather hot then temperate And Piso saith he knew none in Holland to receive hurt by the use of Chocolata but such as were troubl'd with Hypochondriacal heats from whence we may collect that in his judgment it could not be allowed them Yet I have known learned Men here in England prescribe it in the Case aforesaid I shall with submission to better Judgments solve the Question by distinguishing the several Compositions of Chocolata and accommodating them to the Disease controverted In Hypochondriacal Melancholy we are to consider how there are great Obstructions in the Mesa●aical Veins and Chyliferous Vessels so that no other Chyle is distributed into the Body but what is apt upon the least occasion to ferment and boil which as it is perceivable by the Patient in the whole Body so the multitude of Arteries in the Spleen and its communion with the Stomach by what ways I enquire not but the Communion is undeniable make it primarily and most evidently perceivable there There is also a Debility of the Stomach which is so relaxed that it neither digests the Food received well nor emits it being digested so that it corrupts by long stay in the Stomach the Body being costive in the mean while and grows sowr and so corrodes the Stomach and whatever is ingested it presently begets a great conflict in the Stomach attended with acid vomitings oftentimes and the whole mass of subtle and sharp Blood is likewise affected and put into heat and disorder especially the Hypochondria thereupon Thus they ar● never well full nor fasting and pine away complaining of a weak Stomach which the Italian and Spanish Galenists considering thought the Disease to proceed from a cold Stomach and not from an Aqua Stygia or the like Menstruum in the Stomach made up of the several Salts and Tartars extracted out of the different meats eaten and a redundant sharpe liquour issuing out of the capillary Arteries and coats of the Stomach into the Stomach for as the blood is in such very serous and sharpe so is the Humour transuding into the Stomach heigthened in its acrimony and augmented in its quantity beyond measure Now the Question is to be understood praemissis generalibus general Purgings being d●ely premised and opening Physick administred And in this Case I answer That hot-spiced Chocolata and especially what hath black long or red Pepper in it whose Nature it is to create an acrimony as well as to heat the Blood cannot agree with the Stomach because they will more heat and inflame the Blood then is tolerable and this is confirm'd by the experience of Piso. But as for milde and temperate Chocolata I doubt not but such a sort might be made as would exactly suit the Disease and contribute