be_v of_o late_o advance_v by_o the_o ability_n of_o philip_n the_o present_a king_n who_o though_o he_o may_v have_v pretend_v a_o cause_n where_o none_o be_v yet_o be_v there_o some_o occasion_n of_o offence_n give_v he_o though_o but_o count_v a_o necessary_a allay_n to_o his_o rise_a fortune_n so_o terrible_a to_o the_o persian_a empire_n 41._o vide_fw-la arrianum_n lib._n 1._o pag._n 41._o for_o when_o with_o great_a preparation_n he_o have_v besiege_v periathus_n a_o city_n of_o thrace_n ochus_n give_v order_n to_o his_o lieutenant_n to_o assist_v the_o besiege_v which_o be_v so_o powerful_o do_v as_o his_o design_n miscarry_v yet_o he_o have_v bring_v all_o greece_n to_o his_o beck_n and_o establish_v his_o interest_n sufficient_o in_o europe_n resolve_v upon_o asia_n and_o assemble_v the_o estate_n at_o corinth_n procure_v himself_o to_o be_v declare_v general_n of_o all_o greece_n for_o the_o persian_a war_n for_o which_o he_o make_v mighty_a preparation_n impose_v a_o 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and_o ajax_n to_o who_o he_o make_v a_o parentation_n and_o muster_v the_o army_n he_o have_v bring_v over_o with_o he_o concern_v the_o number_n of_o force_n those_o that_o be_v there_o present_v themselves_o have_v not_o agree_v in_o their_o relation_n but_o according_a to_o the_o great_a probability_n there_o be_v of_o foot_n 13000_o macedonian_n asia_n alexander_n of_o macedonia_n invade_v asia_n of_o the_o associate_n 7000._o and_o 5000_o mercenary_n beside_o of_o odrysae_n triballi_n and_o illyrian_n 5000._o and_o 1000_o archer_n with_o such_o as_o fight_v with_o dart_n of_o horse_n there_o be_v 1800_o macedonian_n 1800_o thessalonian_o and_o of_o other_o grecian_n 600._o beside_o a_o guard_n of_o 900_o thracian_n and_o paeonian_o 2._o diodorus_n ad_fw-la olymp._n 111._o ann_n 2._o 21._o darius_n after_o he_o have_v hear_v how_o alexander_n be_v declare_v general_n of_o greece_n and_o be_v much_o speak_v of_o for_o his_o valour_n shake_v off_o his_o former_a security_n and_o 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he_o go_v to_o pitane_n to_o attempt_v the_o same_o upon_o it_o but_o memnon_n come_v upon_o he_o strike_v such_o a_o terror_n into_o his_o man_n that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o raise_v his_o siege_n after_o this_o callas_n with_o a_o band_n of_o macedonian_n and_o mercenary_n engage_v with_o the_o persian_n in_o a_o battle_n at_o troas_n but_o be_v overmatch_v in_o number_n he_o be_v worsted_n and_o betake_v himself_o to_o rhaeteum_fw-la these_o thing_n fall_v out_o before_o the_o passage_n of_o alexander_n into_o asia_n 22._o after_o 3._o after_o diodorus_n ad_fw-la olymp._n 111._o ann_n 3._o alexander_n be_v land_v the_o persian_a captain_n meet_v to_o consult_v about_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n who_o memnon_n advise_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o hazard_v a_o battle_n with_o he_o but_o to_o lay_v waste_v the_o country_n before_o he_o thereby_o to_o hinder_v his_o march_n any_o far_a for_o want_v of_o necessary_n and_o then_o to_o pass_v all_o their_o force_n over_o into_o macedonia_n and_o so_o to_o transfer_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o war_n into_o europe_n this_o wholesome_a counsel_n be_v reject_v as_o below_o the_o persian_a courage_n and_o a_o resolution_n take_v to_o engage_v so_o that_o gather_v their_o force_n together_o they_o march_v into_o phrygia_n towards_o the_o hellespont_n and_o pitch_v their_o tent_n upon_o the_o river_n granicus_n which_o run_v through_o the_o plain_n of_o adrastea_fw-la intend_v it_o as_o a_o defence_n to_o they_o 2._o they_o valer._n maximus_n l._n 7._o cap._n 3._o ext_a exemp_n 4._o pausan_n eliac_n lib._n 2._o alexander_n in_o his_o way_n thither_o pass_v by_o lampsacus_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o which_o either_o have_v already_o revolt_v to_o the_o persian_a or_o else_o suspect_v of_o such_o a_o intent_n he_o resolve_v utter_o to_o destroy_v as_o he_o be_v thus_o mind_v anaximenes_n a_o historian_n of_o that_o place_n well_o know_v former_o to_o his_o father_n and_o also_o to_o he_o present_v himself_o to_o he_o to_o who_o he_o swear_v in_o so_o many_o word_n that_o he_o will_v not_o grant_v what_o he_o be_v about_o to_o ask_v which_o the_o other_o ready_o apprehend_v desire_v of_o he_o that_o he_o will_v destroy_v lampsacus_n so_o that_o with_o his_o sharpness_n of_o wit_n be_v circumvent_v he_o be_v constrain_v to_o spare_v it_o against_o his_o will_n 23._o alexander_n have_v with_o great_a trouble_n and_o danger_n pass_v the_o river_n granicus_n then_o ibid._n then_o diodorus_n ibid._n engage_v with_o the_o persian_n in_o a_o great_a and_o bloody_a battle_n wherein_o much_o valour_n be_v show_v on_o both_o side_n granicus_n the_o battle_n of_o granicus_n spithrobates_n a_o persian_a satrapa_n of_o jonia_n and_o son_n in_o law_n to_o darius_n a_o man_n of_o a_o great_a courage_n with_o a_o strong_a body_n of_o horse_n fall_v upon_o the_o macedonian_n who_o no_o one_o be_v able_a to_o sustain_v alexander_n himself_o grapple_v with_o he_o a_o fierce_a combat_n ensue_v he_o wound_v the_o king_n who_o yet_o at_o length_n slay_v he_o but_o rosaces_n his_o brother_n come_v in_o upon_o alexander_n give_v he_o such_o a_o blow_n on_o the_o head_n as_o break_v his_o helmet_n and_o light_o wound_v he_o and_o a_o second_o have_v kill_v he_o outright_o but_o that_o clitus_n surname_v niger_n a_o macedonian_a put_v spur_n to_o his_o horse_n in_o good_a time_n cut_v off_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o barbarian_a a_o great_a conflict_n then_o ensue_v betwixt_o the_o principal_a persian_n and_o macedonian_n and_o many_o of_o the_o former_a lose_v their_o life_n upon_o the_o place_n among_o which_o of_o most_o special_a note_n be_v atyxes_n and_o pharnaâ—es_n brother_n to_o the_o wife_n of_o darius_n and_o mithrobarzanes_n captain_n of_o the_o cappadocian_o these_o be_v slay_v those_o that_o oppose_v alexander_n begin_v to_o fly_v and_o afterward_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o 100000_o foot_n which_o the_o persian_n bring_v
they_o and_o the_o megalopolitan_o this_o be_v do_v while_o phalaecus_n in_o boeotia_n take_v cheroieda_n and_o present_o lose_v it_o again_o to_o the_o theban_n who_o then_o with_o a_o numerous_a army_n enter_v and_o waste_v phocis_n and_o then_o have_v take_v some_o inconsiderable_a place_n with_o much_o booty_n they_o return_v into_o boeotia_n 21._o the_o next_o year_n the_o theban_n be_v spend_v with_o the_o phocian_n war_n 2._o idem_fw-la ad_fw-la ann_n 2._o send_v to_o ochus_n the_o persian_a king_n to_o desire_v a_o supply_n of_o money_n from_o he_o who_o without_o any_o difficulty_n or_o delay_n bestow_v on_o they_o 300_o talent_n no_o memorable_a thing_n pass_v betwixt_o the_o phocian_o and_o they_o this_o year_n which_o be_v spend_v in_o skirmish_n and_o mutual_a depredation_n two_o year_n after_o 4._o after_o idem_fw-la ad_fw-la ann_n 4._o philip_n cast_v out_o again_o pitholaus_n the_o tyrant_n who_o have_v seize_v upon_o pherae_n and_o set_v upon_o the_o city_n of_o thrace_n which_o belong_v to_o chalcis_n take_v by_o storm_n the_o castle_n zeira_n which_o he_o demolish_v &_o force_v other_o town_n to_o submit_v to_o his_o yoke_n olympiadum_fw-la yoke_n anagraphe_n olympiadum_fw-la though_o upon_o desire_n of_o the_o chalcidian_o charidemus_n have_v be_v send_v from_o the_o athenian_n to_o help_v they_o then_o lie_v in_o the_o hellespont_n the_o 8._o the_o diodorus_n ad_fw-la olymp._n 108._o ann_n 1._o justin_n lib._n 8._o year_n follow_v wherein_o be_v solemnize_v the_o 108_o olympiad_n whereof_o polycles_n the_o cyrenaean_a be_v victor_n have_v great_a design_n in_o his_o mind_n he_o haste_v to_o get_v into_o his_o hand_n the_o city_n of_o the_o hellespont_n and_o without_o any_o stroke_n get_v micylerne_n and_o torone_n by_o treachery_n to_o be_v deliver_v up_o to_o he_o now_o he_o quarrel_v with_o the_o olynthian_o because_o his_o affair_n be_v improve_v by_o success_n who_o before_o he_o court_v as_o fear_v their_o power_n which_o have_v be_v ever_o too_o much_o for_o his_o predecessor_n it_o be_v say_v he_o pretend_v a_o quarrel_n because_o they_o receive_v his_o two_o half_a brother_n who_o after_o he_o have_v take_v in_o the_o town_n he_o murder_v all_o thing_n be_v lawful_a to_o he_o now_o that_o may_v any_o way_n serve_v his_o turn_n all_o his_o affection_n and_o passion_n be_v swallow_v up_o in_o his_o ambition_n which_o make_v he_o not_o stick_v to_o break_v faith_n himself_o and_o by_o his_o gold_n to_o tempt_v other_o to_o do_v it_o he_o think_v it_o to_o no_o purpose_n to_o practice_v the_o win_n of_o olynthus_n till_o he_o have_v first_o enclose_v all_o their_o power_n within_o the_o wall_n olynthus_n philip_n get_v olynthus_n and_o therefore_o he_o first_o overthrow_v they_o in_o two_o battle_n and_o then_o besiege_v the_o city_n which_o attempt_v with_o many_o assault_n and_o great_a loss_n of_o man_n at_o length_n it_o be_v betray_v into_o his_o hand_n by_o euthycrates_n and_o lasthenes_n the_o chief_a magistrate_n who_o he_o have_v corrupt_v with_o money_n he_o sack_v it_o and_o sell_v the_o inhabitant_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o plunder_v whereby_o he_o much_o enrich_v himself_o and_o be_v enable_v to_o buy_v in_o city_n which_o he_o daily_o do_v have_v be_v advise_v by_o the_o oracle_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o undertake_n to_o make_v his_o assault_n with_o silver_n spear_n insomuch_o that_o he_o boast_v that_o his_o kingdom_n be_v more_o increase_v by_o gold_n than_o arms._n 22._o the_o athenian_n be_v sensible_a of_o his_o encroachment_n ibid._n diodorus_n ibid._n jealous_a of_o his_o grow_a power_n and_o wary_o provide_v for_o the_o liberty_n of_o greece_n supply_v as_o they_o may_v such_o as_o he_o fall_v upon_o with_o war_n and_o now_o send_v up_o &_o down_o to_o the_o city_n to_o desire_v they_o to_o value_v their_o liberty_n &_o punish_v capital_o such_o as_o be_v treacherous_a among_o they_o themselves_o the_o athenian_n begin_v to_o look_v to_o themselves_o promise_v they_o their_o alliance_n and_o utmost_a assistance_n in_o this_o work_n and_o now_o at_o length_n by_o the_o special_a advice_n of_o demosthenes_n the_o great_a wit_n and_o orator_n of_o greece_n they_o open_o declare_v themselves_o his_o enemy_n and_o undertake_v the_o quarrel_n but_o so_o far_o be_v the_o spirit_n of_o the_o greek_n degenerate_v that_o this_o endeavour_n of_o they_o can_v not_o counterwork_n the_o efficacy_n of_o his_o gold_n so_o that_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o take_v a_o town_n that_o be_v strong_o fortify_v and_o one_o of_o the_o place_n tell_v he_o it_o can_v not_o be_v do_v he_o ask_v he_o if_o he_o think_v it_o not_o possible_a for_o his_o gold_n to_o get_v over_o the_o wall_n he_o have_v in_o all_o the_o city_n up_o and_o down_o his_o instrument_n and_o secret_a worker_n who_o seek_v for_o a_o little_a gain_n to_o undermine_v the_o fortune_n of_o their_o own_o country_n after_o the_o take_n of_o oâ—ynthus_n he_o celebrate_v the_o olympic_a game_n and_o feast_v all_o comer_n and_o entertain_v they_o with_o great_a magnificence_n by_o this_o cunning_n engage_v many_o to_o betray_v their_o faith_n 23._o the_o follow_a year_n the_o boeotian_o and_o phocian_o mutual_o prey_v upon_o each_o other_o and_o several_a skirmish_n happen_v betwixt_o they_o 2._o idem_fw-la ad_fw-la a_o 2._o which_o produce_v no_o great_a loss_n on_o either_o side_n but_o phalaecus_n the_o phocian_n general_n be_v accuse_v to_o have_v steal_v the_o sacred_a money_n be_v put_v out_o of_o his_o place_n and_o three_o general_n substitute_v in_o his_o room_n democrates_n callias_n and_o sophanes_n who_o be_v to_o make_v inquisition_n about_o the_o money_n which_o be_v steal_v and_o call_v the_o trustee_n who_o have_v the_o management_n thereof_o to_o account_v the_o chief_a of_o the_o trustee_n be_v philo_n who_o be_v not_o able_a to_o give_v a_o account_n be_v rack_v and_o confess_v many_o of_o his_o fellow_n thief_n they_o have_v take_v out_o of_o the_o temple_n 4000_o talent_n of_o gold_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o silver_n and_o above_o 6000_o talent_n of_o silver_n of_o such_o present_n as_o croesus_n and_o other_o have_v send_v and_o there_o want_v not_o some_o who_o affirm_v as_o much_o to_o have_v be_v rifle_v out_o of_o this_o temple_n as_o alexander_n afterward_o find_v in_o the_o treasure_n of_o the_o persian_n phalaecus_n be_v about_o to_o search_v in_o the_o pavement_n for_o treasure_n hint_v at_o by_o homer_n but_o when_o the_o soldier_n come_v to_o dig_v near_o to_o the_o tripos_n such_o earthquake_n happen_v as_o deter_v they_o from_o proceed_v any_o further_o the_o phocian_o assist_v with_o these_o riches_n carry_v on_o the_o war_n and_o by_o this_o time_n have_v get_v into_o their_o hand_n three_o strong_a place_n in_o boeotia_n philip._n the_o boeotian_o crave_v aid_n of_o philip._n orchomenus_n cheronea_n and_o corsias_n the_o boeotian_o be_v much_o press_v herewith_o have_v lose_v very_o many_o man_n and_o want_v money_n send_v ambassador_n to_o the_o king_n of_o macedonia_n for_o aid_n philip_n be_v very_o glad_a to_o find_v they_o in_o so_o weak_a a_o condition_n desire_v to_o abate_v that_o spirit_n which_o they_o have_v get_v at_o the_o battle_n at_o leuctra_n yet_o he_o send_v they_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o man_n because_o he_o will_v not_o seem_v to_o be_v want_v to_o so_o religious_a a_o cause_n as_o vindicate_v the_o right_a of_o the_o oracle_n at_o this_o time_n the_o phocian_o build_v a_o castle_n near_o abae_n be_v fall_v upon_o by_o the_o boeotian_o and_o shift_v for_o themselves_o into_o the_o neighbour_a town_n 500_o of_o they_o step_v by_o into_o a_o chapel_n of_o apollo_n near_o abae_n accident_n a_o remarkable_a accident_n fire_n be_v leave_v in_o their_o tent_n seize_v upon_o some_o straw_n there_o whence_o a_o great_a flame_n arise_v catch_v hold_v at_o length_n of_o the_o chapel_n and_o therein_o burn_v alive_a those_o that_o have_v flee_v thither_o for_o a_o example_n as_o diodorus_n account_v it_o to_o all_o sacrilegious_a person_n 24._o philip_n be_v now_o employ_v in_o the_o war_n of_o thrace_n which_o be_v to_o the_o great_a damage_n of_o the_o athenian_n to_o lull_v they_o asleep_o promise_v he_o will_v enter_v into_o a_o straight_a league_n and_o alliance_n with_o they_o and_o pretend_v fair_a thing_n so_o corrupt_v some_o of_o the_o chief_a orator_n clesiphont_n orator_n orat._n contra_fw-la clesiphont_n aescines_n accuse_v demosthenes_n and_o 〈◊〉_d and_o orat._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d demosthenes_n lay_v the_o load_n upon_o aeschines_n that_o a_o peace_n be_v make_v up_o which_o continue_v seven_o year_n 8._o year_n idem_fw-la ibid._n justin_n lib._n 8._o demosthenes_n advise_v they_o to_o send_v away_o their_o ambassador_n to_o philip_n with_o all_o speed_n to_o ratify_v the_o league_n lest_o he_o delay_v the_o matter_n according_a to_o his_o custom_n shall_v
the_o most_o 34000_o of_o they_o and_o 4000_o of_o these_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o such_o a_o army_n aristobulus_n write_v that_o he_o have_v no_o more_o than_o 70_o talent_n 3._o a._n m._n 3671._o ol._n 111._o a_o 3._o v._o c._n 420._o darii_fw-la codomani_fw-la 3._o alexand._n 3._o daris_n say_v he_o have_v provision_n but_o for_o thirty_o day_n and_o onesicritus_n deliver_v that_o he_o ought_v beside_o this_o 200_o talent_n and_o though_o he_o be_v thus_o slender_o furnish_v yet_o before_o his_o journey_n make_v inspection_n into_o the_o estate_n of_o his_o friend_n to_o one_o he_o assign_v a_o village_n to_o another_o a_o piece_n of_o ground_n to_o this_o a_o certain_a rent_n and_o to_o that_o the_o custom_n of_o such_o a_o port_n when_o he_o have_v almost_o distribute_v all_o he_o have_v perdiccas_n ask_v he_o what_o he_o leave_v for_o himself_o and_o he_o answer_v hope_n then_o reply_v the_o other_o that_o shall_v be_v common_a to_o we_o with_o thou_o and_o refuse_v to_o 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ad_fw-la olymp._n 112._o a_o 3._o 1500_o be_v not_o rather_o to_o be_v read_v the_o lacedaemonian_n after_o his_o departure_n grudge_v his_o success_n and_o lay_v watch_v for_o a_o advantage_n how_o to_o begin_v a_o war_n and_o if_o possible_a divert_v the_o course_n of_o his_o good_a fortune_n which_o after_o the_o battle_n of_o arbela_n they_o suppose_v to_o be_v fit_o present_v for_o the_o issue_n of_o that_o battle_n be_v report_v in_o greece_n many_o of_o the_o city_n who_o where_o jealous_a of_o his_o power_n resolve_v to_o contend_v for_o their_o ancient_a liberty_n before_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o persian_n shall_v be_v utter_o spend_v which_o they_o may_v have_v to_o their_o assistance_n they_o be_v encourage_v to_o revolt_v from_o tumult_n now_o raise_v in_o thrace_n for_o memnon_n be_v send_v general_n thither_o have_v soldier_n at_o his_o devotion_n stir_v up_o the_o barbarian_n to_o rebel_n and_o get_v together_o a_o great_a army_n antipater_n hereupon_o be_v force_v to_o march_v against_o he_o and_o leave_n macedonia_n the_o absence_n of_o who_o the_o lacedaemonian_n think_v a_o sufficient_a occasion_n of_o work_v some_o notable_a feat_n absence_n the_o lacedaemonian_n make_v stir_n in_o his_o absence_n excite_v the_o grecian_n to_o agree_v together_o with_o unite_a force_n to_o recover_v their_o liberty_n the_o athenian_n conceive_v themselves_o engage_v to_o alexander_n who_o have_v respect_v they_o above_o all_o other_o refuse_v to_o stir_v but_o most_o of_o the_o peloponnesian_n and_o some_o other_o give_v their_o name_n willing_o and_o raise_v among_o they_o 20000_o foot_n and_o 2000_o horse_n which_o be_v command_v by_o agis_n the_o spartan_a king_n antipater_n hear_v this_o compose_v the_o matter_n of_o thrace_n as_o he_o may_v and_o with_o a_o army_n of_o 40000_o man_n raise_v out_o of_o the_o confederate_n of_o greece_n march_v against_o they_o and_o join_v battle_n after_o much_o opposition_n slay_v 5300_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o 3500_o 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the_o victory_n but_o not_o in_o he_o be_v victor_n which_o he_o not_o obscure_o grudge_v at_o think_v so_o much_o to_o be_v detract_v from_o his_o own_o glory_n as_o be_v add_v to_o that_o of_o another_o pardon_n and_o send_v to_o he_o into_o asia_n to_o beg_v pardon_n the_o lacedaemonian_n therefore_o be_v constrain_v to_o send_v to_o he_o he_o remit_v they_o for_o answer_v to_o the_o council_n of_o greece_n which_o have_v hear_v what_o can_v be_v say_v on_o both_o side_n refer_v the_o whole_a matter_n to_o the_o cognisance_n of_o alexander_n they_o then_o give_v up_o to_o antipater_n fifty_o hostage_n and_o send_v into_o asia_n to_o alexander_n to_o beg_v pardon_n most_o of_o such_o learned_a man_n as_o be_v eminent_a during_o this_o period_n have_v already_o upon_o occasion_n be_v speak_v of_o chap._n iii_o the_o affair_n of_o sicily_n during_o this_o empire_n sect_n i._o the_o first_o name_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n with_o a_o relation_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o precede_v the_o persian_a empire_n 1._o sicily_n be_v a_o island_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n lie_v over_o against_o italy_n at_o five_o mile_n distance_n from_o which_o it_o be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v sever_v by_o some_o earthquake_n or_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v join_v former_o by_o a_o isthmus_n or_o neck_n of_o land_n to_o the_o continent_n sicily_n the_o old_a inhabitant_n of_o sicily_n 2._o it_o be_v first_o from_o the_o triangular_a figure_n call_v trinacria_n than_o sicania_n and_o afterward_o obtain_v the_o name_n of_o sicily_n the_o most_o ancient_a inhabitant_n be_v cyclopes_n or_o giant_n with_o one_o only_a eye_n in_o their_o forehead_n as_o the_o poet_n fancy_v and_o the_o laestrygones_n of_o the_o same_o original_a after_o they_o succeed_v the_o sicani_n by_o some_o say_v to_o be_v indigenae_fw-la or_o natural_n of_o the_o place_n but_o by_o other_o a_o people_n of_o iberia_n or_o spain_n and_o so_o name_v from_o sicanus_n a_o river_n in_o that_o country_n whence_o they_o be_v expel_v by_o the_o ligye_n and_o come_v into_o the_o island_n trinacria_n change_v its_o name_n into_o sicania_n after_o these_o 1._o sect_n 1._o the_o siculi_n a_o people_n of_o italy_n so_o name_v say_v thucydides_n from_o italus_n a_o king_n of_o arcadia_n be_v expel_v by_o the_o opici_n pass_v into_o this_o island_n and_o overthrow_v the_o sicani_n seize_v upon_o the_o best_a part_n of_o it_o and_o give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o sicily_n almost_o 300_o year_n before_o the_o greek_n find_v it_o out_o when_o ilium_n be_v take_v 2821._o a.m._n 2821._o some_o trojan_n flee_v by_o ship_n from_o the_o achaean_o into_o this_o country_n and_o fix_v themselves_o near_a to_o the_o sicani_n be_v all_o call_v elymi_n who_o principal_a seat_n be_v eryx_n and_o egesta_n to_o these_o be_v add_v some_o of_o the_o phocensian_o of_o those_o who_o in_o their_o return_n from_o troy_n be_v drive_v by_o tempest_n into_o libya_n or_o africa_n thence_o pass_v into_o sicily_n the_o phoenician_n also_o inhabit_v all_o over_o the_o island_n in_o the_o maritime_a part_n and_o the_o little_a island_n near_o adjoin_v for_o the_o benefit_n of_o traffic_n with_o the_o siculi_n but_o after_o that_o many_o greek_n arrive_v they_o remove_v and_o join_v themselves_o to_o the_o elymi_n and_o inhabit_v motya_n soluns_n and_o panormus_n because_o thence_o be_v but_o a_o little_a passage_n unto_o carthage_n so_o many_o barbarian_n and_o after_o this_o manner_n inhabit_v sicily_n say_v thucydides_n initium_fw-la lib._n 6._o ad_fw-la initium_fw-la with_o who_o in_o the_o main_a of_o their_o relation_n consent_n diodorus_n strabo_n dionysius_n of_o halycarnassus_n pausanias_n constantinus_n porphyrogenneta_n and_o other_o 3._o the_o first_o greek_n that_o come_v into_o sicily_n as_o thucydides_n proceed_v be_v some_o from_o chalcis_n in_o euboea_n who_o
upon_o their_o public_a faith_n that_o all_o justice_n shall_v be_v due_o execute_v from_o this_o league_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o carthaginian_n speak_v of_o africa_n and_o sardinia_n as_o absolute_o their_o own_o but_o far_o otherwise_o concern_v sicily_n express_o distinguish_v of_o that_o part_n thereof_o which_o they_o have_v subdue_v the_o roman_n also_o include_v in_o this_o league_n only_a latium_n make_v no_o mention_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o italy_n which_o be_v not_o in_o their_o power_n after_o this_o another_o league_n be_v make_v or_o rather_o this_o renew_a wherein_o the_o carthaginian_n comprise_v the_o tyrian_n and_o the_o people_n of_o utica_n to_o the_o fair_a promontory_n be_v add_v mastia_n and_o tarseium_n beyond_o which_o it_o be_v neither_o lawful_a for_o the_o roman_n to_o make_v any_o depredation_n nor_o build_v a_o town_n these_o thing_n polybius_n observe_v concern_v these_o league_n which_o he_o also_o exemplifi_v and_o to_o which_o we_o refer_v student_n in_o history_n 17._o tarqvinius_n after_o that_o great_a battle_n wherein_o he_o lose_v his_o son_n aruns_n in_o a_o combat_n with_o brutus_n betake_v himself_o to_o clusium_n the_o king_n whereof_o porsena_n by_o name_n one_o of_o great_a account_n for_o his_o power_n and_o munificence_n among_o the_o king_n of_o italy_n he_o procure_v to_o take_v upon_o he_o his_o quarrel_n he_o first_o send_v to_o rome_n rome_n porsena_n war_v against_o rome_n command_v they_o to_o receive_v their_o king_n according_a to_o their_o duty_n 2._o livius_n lib._n 2._o and_o upon_o refusal_n both_o threaten_a and_o make_v war_n upon_o they_o priùs_fw-la plut._n ut_fw-la priùs_fw-la now_o be_v create_v consul_n poplicola_n the_o second_o time_n be_v absent_a and_o t._n lucretius_n tricipitinus_n on_o the_o calends_o of_o october_n according_a to_o the_o pompilian_a year_n which_o answer_v to_o september_n 14._o of_o the_o julian_n in_o the_o new_a moon_n 3507._o ad_fw-la a.m._n 3492._o &_o 3507._o jacobus_n cappellus_n observe_v that_o the_o consul_n commence_v at_o this_o time_n of_o the_o year_n from_o the_o first_o of_o poplicola_n till_o fifteen_o year_n after_o in_o the_o 261_o year_n of_o the_o city_n sp._n cassius_n and_o posthumius_fw-la cominius_n begin_v their_o office_n a_o month_n soon_o viz._n on_o the_o calends_o of_o october_n the_o reason_n may_v be_v for_o that_o the_o new_a moon_n sell_v in_o with_o the_o autumnal_a aequinoctial_a on_o the_o 29_o of_o julian_n september_n from_o which_o the_o pompilian_a or_o numan_n september_n seem_v to_o have_v commence_v that_o year_n the_o moon_n increase_v although_o without_o order_n for_o the_o calends_o of_o october_n ought_v rather_o to_o have_v be_v on_o that_o day_n but_o such_o error_n be_v frequent_a in_o the_o pompilian_a year_n either_o through_o the_o negligence_n or_o wilful_a neglect_n of_o the_o priest_n after_o the_o three_o year_n the_o calends_o or_o first_o day_n of_o january_n recover_v their_o true_a place_n viz._n the_o next_o new_a moon_n to_o the_o winter_n solstice_n but_o september_n obtain_v to_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o year_n until_o the_o 278th_o year_n of_o the_o city_n wherein_o the_o comitia_fw-la for_o creation_n of_o consul_n be_v cast_v back_o to_o the_o calends_o of_o the_o month_n sextilis_n afterward_o call_v august_n at_o what_o time_n a._n virginius_n tricostus_n and_o sp._n servilius_n structus_n be_v make_v consul_n in_o the_o summer_n solstice_n as_o dionysius_n observe_v 18._o poplicola_n return_v to_o rome_n first_o resolve_v in_o magnanimity_n to_o outvie_v porsena_n and_o for_o that_o purpose_n when_o the_o king_n be_v now_o approach_v found_v the_o city_n sigliucia_n or_o rather_o signia_n which_o with_o great_a expense_n he_o fortify_v and_o then_o plant_v it_o with_o 700_o inhabitant_n make_v hereby_o a_o show_n that_o he_o can_v without_o any_o trouble_n or_o fear_v sustain_v the_o war._n 6._o plut._n in_o poplicol_n diony_n lib._n 5._o livius_n lib._n 2._o florus_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 10._o aurel._n victor_n de_fw-fr viris_fw-la illustr_n val._n max._n lib._n 3._o cap._n 2_o 3._o vide_fw-la etiam_fw-la polyb._n lib._n 6._o but_o porsena_n lay_v close_a siege_n to_o rome_n very_o fierce_o with_o all_o his_o might_n set_v upon_o the_o city_n the_o two_o consul_n with_o much_o ado_n repel_v the_o toscan_o at_o length_n be_v both_o so_o wound_v as_o they_o must_v needs_o be_v carry_v off_o after_o which_o the_o roman_n flee_v from_o before_o their_o enemy_n who_o in_o their_o retreat_n into_o the_o town_n follow_v they_o close_o and_o flock_v upon_o the_o bridge_n cocles_n horatius_n cocles_n there_o horatius_n surname_v cocles_n either_o for_o that_o he_o have_v but_o one_o eye_n have_v lose_v the_o other_o in_o war_n or_o because_o his_o nose_n be_v so_o depress_v that_o both_o his_o eye_n seem_v to_o go_v into_o one_o whence_o intend_v to_o call_v he_o cyclops_n by_o ignorance_n of_o the_o language_n they_o pronounce_v 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some_o labour_n make_v himself_o know_v while_o the_o victory_n seem_v yet_o to_o be_v doubtful_a or_o rather_o to_o incline_v towards_o the_o roman_n the_o elephant_n be_v bring_v into_o the_o battle_n decide_v the_o controversy_n till_o the_o pass_n of_o alexander_n into_o the_o east_n this_o beast_n have_v be_v talk_v of_o but_o never_o see_v by_o the_o europaean_n nor_o they_o of_o asia_n except_o the_o indian_n and_o their_o neighbour_n as_o also_o the_o southern_a african_n homer_n describe_v the_o house_n of_o rich_a man_n to_o have_v be_v adorn_v with_o ivory_n but_o as_o 18._o as_o exemp_n vide_fw-la in_o atticis_fw-la p._n 11._o &_o justin_n l._n 18._o pausanias_n note_v never_o mention_v the_o beast_n the_o roman_n themselves_o be_v amaze_v not_o know_v what_o they_o be_v elephant_n who_o defeat_v laevinus_n the_o consul_n by_o the_o help_n of_o his_o elephant_n but_o the_o fault_n be_v lay_v upon_o their_o horse_n which_o not_o endure_v the_o smell_n nor_o bigness_n of_o the_o elephant_n break_v their_o rank_n which_o opportunity_n the_o king_n take_v and_o send_v his_o horse_n in_o among_o the_o roman_n thus_o disorder_v put_v they_o to_o the_o rout_n he_o get_v but_o a_o bloody_a victory_n he_o himself_o be_v wound_v and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o man_n slay_v though_o of_o the_o number_n on_o either_o side_n writer_n do_v not_o agree_v 11._o have_v take_v prisoner_n 1800_o of_o the_o roman_n plutarch_n eutrop._n ut_fw-la priùs_fw-la &_o plutarch_n he_o use_v they_o with_o great_a civility_n and_o bury_v their_o dead_a who_o observe_v to_o be_v wound_v all_o before_o and_o to_o be_v with_o stern_a countenance_n he_o lift_v up_o his_o eye_n and_o say_v he_o can_v have_v be_v master_n of_o all_o the_o world_n if_o he_o have_v have_v but_o such_o soldier_n rome_n march_v towards_o rome_n after_o this_o have_v receive_v the_o auxiliary_n of_o the_o samnite_n lucani_n and_o brutii_n he_o march_v towards_o rome_n as_o far_o as_o praeneste_n a_o town_n 18_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o city_n waste_v all_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n in_o his_o passage_n hear_v that_o the_o roman_n be_v busy_a in_o recruit_v their_o army_n he_o consider_v it_o be_v most_o creditable_a for_o he_o to_o make_v peace_n with_o they_o be_v he_o have_v no_o hope_n to_o subdue_v they_o and_o for_o that_o purpose_n send_v cineas_n to_o feel_v their_o mind_n a_o man_n so_o powerful_a in_o the_o art_n of_o rhetoric_n that_o the_o king_n acknowledge_v he_o to_o have_v storm_v more_o city_n by_o his_o tongue_n hinder_v send_v about_o a_o peace_n which_o appius_n claudius_n hinder_v than_o he_o have_v ever_o do_v by_o force_n of_o arms._n cineas_n present_v the_o principal_a citizen_n and_o their_o wife_n with_o gift_n from_o pyrrhus_n but_o they_o refuse_v they_o when_o he_o have_v something_o wrought_v upon_o the_o senate_n to_o make_v a_o peace_n and_o admit_v pyrrhus_n into_o the_o city_n appius_n claudius_n now_o blind_a come_v in_o and_o by_o a_o oration_n record_v by_o plutarch_n procure_v the_o contrary_n the_o ambassador_n at_o his_o return_n be_v ask_v what_o he_o think_v of_o rome_n answer_v that_o the_o senate_n seem_v to_o he_o as_o a_o council_n of_o so_o many_o king_n after_o cineas_n his_o return_n the_o roman_n send_v to_o pyrrhus_n about_o redeem_v of_o prisoner_n among_o other_o c._n fabricius_n a_o man_n of_o great_a note_n for_o virtue_n and_o poverty_n the_o king_n be_v inform_v by_o cineas_n concern_v his_o disposition_n offer_v he_o gold_n which_o when_o he_o refuse_v with_o great_a resolution_n to_o try_v his_o gravity_n the_o next_o day_n as_o they_o be_v talk_v together_o he_o command_v the_o great_a elephant_n he_o have_v to_o be_v set_v behind_o the_o hang_n and_o then_o on_o a_o sudden_a the_o tapestry_n be_v remove_v the_o beast_n hold_v his_o proboscis_n over_o fabricius_n his_o head_n
occasion_n of_o the_o social_a war._n which_o have_v be_v partly_o promise_v they_o 36_o year_n before_o by_o flaccus_n the_o consul_n who_o be_v earnest_n for_o it_o be_v divert_v into_o gall_n by_o the_o senate_n and_o afterward_o join_v himself_o in_o the_o tribuneship_n with_o the_o young_a gracchus_n to_o no_o purpose_n endeavour_v with_o he_o the_o pass_v of_o it_o with_o who_o also_o as_o be_v former_o show_v he_o lose_v his_o life_n now_o again_o their_o expectation_n be_v heighten_v by_o drusus_n but_o then_o be_v he_o murder_v and_o all_o the_o great_a one_o banish_v who_o stand_v for_o they_o by_o a_o law_n which_o the_o equites_fw-la by_o force_n of_o arm_n obtain_v who_o hope_v that_o have_v the_o power_n of_o judicature_n in_o themselves_o the_o profit_n will_v be_v great_a which_o will_v arise_v in_o rid_v away_o their_o enemy_n they_o also_o think_v they_o have_v reason_n enough_o to_o expect_v this_o privilege_n from_o that_o city_n which_o be_v maintain_v both_o in_o its_o subsistence_n and_o empire_n by_o their_o valour_n they_o ever_o send_v out_o force_v double_a in_o number_n to_o those_o of_o the_o roman_n upon_o these_o ground_n they_o resolve_v to_o procure_v by_o force_n what_o can_v not_o be_v by_o fair_a mean_n obtain_v send_v message_n to_o and_o fro_o and_o for_o the_o performance_n of_o what_o be_v agree_v on_o receive_v hostage_n from_o one_o another_o 26._o this_o be_v know_v late_o enough_o at_o rome_n so_o busy_v with_o its_o private_a seditious_a contest_v spy_n be_v send_v out_o into_o the_o several_a quarter_n one_o of_o they_o see_v a_o young_a man_n of_o asculum_n carry_v into_o another_o city_n as_o a_o hostage_n therewith_o acquaint_v servilins_n the_o proconsul_n who_o go_v to_o asculum_n and_o chide_v the_o citizen_n be_v set_v upon_o and_o slay_v together_o with_o all_o the_o roman_n after_o this_o the_o conspiracy_n be_v quite_o discover_v all_o break_v out_o into_o open_a rebellion_n the_o marsi_n peligni_n vestini_n marrucini_n ferentani_n hirpini_n picentes_n pompeiani_n venusini_n apulians_n lucanian_o and_o the_o old_a enemy_n of_o the_o roman_n the_o samnite_n they_o think_v good_a first_o to_o send_v to_o rome_n to_o complain_v but_o the_o messenger_n can_v not_o be_v admit_v without_o repentance_n for_o what_o be_v already_o do_v it_o preparation_n for_o it_o hereupon_o the_o war_n be_v commit_v to_o both_o the_o consul_n l._n julius_n caesar_n and_o p._n rutilius_n lupus_n to_o who_o be_v add_v cn._n pompeius_n strabo_n father_n to_o pompey_n the_o great_a c._n marius_n who_o have_v be_v six_o time_n consul_n l._n sylla_n licinius_n crassus_n c._n perpenna_n q._n caepio_n q._n metellus_n pius_n son_n to_o the_o numidian_a m._n marcellus_n val._n messala_n and_o t._n didius_n who_o be_v all_o send_v with_o proconsular_a power_n the_o force_n on_o either_o side_n amount_v to_o 100000_o fight_a man_n rutilius_n the_o consul_n quick_o lose_v his_o life_n fall_v into_o a_o ambush_n lay_v for_o he_o by_o the_o marsi_n and_o many_o other_o blow_n do_v the_o roman_n receive_v blow_n the_o roman_n receive_v many_o blow_n so_o that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o listen_v such_o as_o once_o have_v be_v slave_n the_o body_n of_o the_o consul_n and_o those_o of_o several_a other_o be_v carry_v into_o the_o city_n the_o sight_n of_o they_o so_o discourage_v the_o people_n that_o the_o senate_n make_v a_o decree_n that_o thenceforth_o the_o slain_n shall_v be_v bury_v where_o they_o die_v which_o as_o a_o prudent_a example_n be_v follow_v by_o the_o enemy_n 27._o none_o succeed_v rutilius_n all_o the_o year_n for_o that_o caesar_n can_v not_o come_v to_o a_o new_a election_n but_o his_o army_n be_v commit_v to_o marius_n his_o lieutenant_n and_o q._n caepio_n caepio_n be_v kill_v not_o long_o after_o be_v entrap_v by_o popedius_n one_o of_o the_o italian_a general_n marius_n now_o alone_o command_v the_o force_n do_v good_a service_n as_o do_v also_o sylla_n for_o the_o follow_a year_n cn._n pompeius_n strabo_n and_o l._n porcius_n cato_n be_v make_v consul_n now_o the_o senate_n think_v fit_a to_o make_v such_o italian_n free_a of_o the_o city_n as_o have_v not_o revolt_v which_o thing_n establish_v those_o who_o something_o waver_v in_o their_o mind_n and_o take_v off_o the_o courage_n of_o the_o other_o already_o engage_v yet_o they_o choose_v they_o not_o into_o any_o of_o the_o 35_o tribe_n but_o place_v they_o by_o themselves_o behind_o all_o so_o that_o as_o in_o vote_v they_o can_v not_o hinder_v the_o rest_n so_o seldom_o be_v they_o call_v to_o vote_n at_o all_o which_o afterward_o consider_v though_o not_o at_o present_a wrought_v some_o disturbance_n cato_n the_o consul_n do_v very_o good_a service_n but_o thereof_o boast_v so_o much_o that_o he_o compare_v himself_o to_o marius_n for_o which_o as_o he_o be_v fight_v against_o the_o marsi_n he_o be_v kill_v in_o a_o crowd_n by_o marius_n his_o son_n pompey_n overthrow_v the_o picentes_n and_o asculani_fw-la have_v long_o besiege_v asculum_n he_o defeat_v the_o enemy_n which_o sally_v forth_o kill_v 18000_o of_o the_o marsi_n take_v 3000._o and_o be_v get_v into_o asculum_n cause_v all_o the_o officer_n and_o principal_a man_n to_o be_v beat_v with_o rod_n and_o then_o behead_v 5._o sect_n 5._o sylla_n his_o successor_n in_o the_o consulship_n overthrow_v the_o samnite_n and_o storm_v two_o of_o their_o camp_n by_o which_o success_n elevate_v he_o go_v stand_v for_o and_o carry_v that_o great_a office_n 666._o a._n m._n 3917._o ol._n 173._o ann_n 1._o v._o c._n 666._o this_o war_n be_v end_v by_o he_o after_o it_o have_v endure_v above_o two_o year_n war._n sylla_n end_v the_o war._n in_o the_o 666_o year_n of_o the_o city_n he_o the_o say_v l._n cornelius_n sylla_n and_o q._n pompeius_n rufus_n be_v consul_n 28._o what_o the_o italian_n can_v not_o get_v with_o arm_a hand_n be_v give_v they_o conquer_a at_o first_o to_o all_o except_o the_o lucanian_o and_o samnite_n and_o short_o after_o to_o they_o also_o but_o rank_v by_o themselves_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o former_a they_o after_o which_o freedom_n of_o the_o city_n be_v give_v to_o the_o conquer_a italian_n have_v be_v before_o this_o deny_v to_o they_o not_o long_o after_o this_o which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o civil_a war_n there_o be_v stir_n in_o the_o city_n about_o usury_n which_o be_v rigorous_o exact_v by_o the_o creditor_n asellio_n the_o praetor_n who_o withstand_v it_o be_v murder_v by_o they_o yet_o hitherto_o these_o sedition_n in_o the_o city_n be_v manage_v but_o by_o private_a person_n or_o in_o a_o private_a manner_n but_o now_o come_v it_o to_o that_o pass_n that_o the_o head_n of_o the_o faction_n get_v whole_a army_n to_o themselves_o and_o carry_v on_o their_o interest_n in_o open_a war_n one_o against_o another_o their_o own_o country_n be_v as_o the_o prize_n and_o reward_n of_o the_o victory_n such_o be_v the_o manner_n and_o behaviour_n of_o those_o who_o 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