follow thom And Eccles 12.7 Then shall the Dust return to the Earth as it was and the Spirit shall return unto God who gave it And 2 Cor. 5.1 that If our earthly House of this Tabernacle were dissolved we have a Building of God an House not made with hands eternal in the Heavens Likewise Jesus Christ by the Parable Luke 16. of Dives and Lazarus teacheth us that Believers after Death are carried into Abraham's Bosome where they are comforted and at his Death he says to the Converted Thief This day thou shalt be with me in Paradise Luk. 23.43 and St. Paul 2 Tim. 4.7 8. Promises to himself That having kept the Faith and fought the good Fight he should receive the Crown of Righteousness and the Spirit of Christ says to Believers Rev. 2.10 Be Faithful unto Death and I will give thee a Crown of Life In a word Jesus Christ John 5.24 saith That he that believeth on him shall never enter into condemnntion but is passed from death unto Life And St. Paul Rom. 8.1 says There is no condemnation to them which are in Christ Jesus then certainly neither in this Life nor in that which is to come is there any condemnation to them it must then be much rashness to condemn those whom God hath justified and to think that God takes pleasure to punish his Children many thousands of years for Sins already pardoned and for which he hath had full satisfaction by the death of his Son our Saviour Q. But since the Scripture tells us Rev. 21.17 That no unclean thing shall enter into the Holy City is it not necessary that Souls so much infected with Sin should be purged with fire that they might be presented pure and holy unto God A. In this passage of the Revelations God speaketh of wicked persons and not of Believers such as Traitors and Adulterers who committed abomination and falsehood and who entered not into the City of God Revel 22.15 And it is not material fire that cleanses the soul but the blood of Jesus Christ that cleanseth us from all sin 1 John 1.7 for by vertue of his blood our sins are blotted out we are also cleansed by the Holy Ghost in Regeneration and Sanctification Such were some of you but ye are washed but ye are sanctified but ye are justified in the name of the Lord Jesus and by the spirit of our God 1 Cor. 6.11 Q. Have Believers no need then to be purged after death A. No For God hath in this life freely forgiven all our sins Col. 2.13 Neither is there any place for Repentance and Amendment after this life and where the Tree faleth there it shall be Eccles 11.3 Q. What do you understand then by the fire St. Paul speaks of 1 Cor. 3.15 That the fire shall try every mans work of what sort it is A. I understand the Word of God by which all Doctrines are to be tryed for the Apostle in that place speaks of the Doctrine of the Gospel as of a Building whose Foundation is in Jesus Christ and upon which Pastors builded some Gold Silver and Precious Stones that is good and solid Doctrines and others Wood Hay and stubble that is light and curious Doctrine which will perish and vanish away when they are examined by the Word of God as Wood Hay and Stubble in the fire is burned and turned to Smoak Q. Doth not that saying of St. Paul 1 Cor. 15.29 What shall they do which are Baptised for the dead if the dead rise not imply a Purgatory A. This passage cannot prove Purgatory for it is only the Resurrection that the Apostle considers Many Learned men in the Church have thought that St. Paul speaks of certain Hereticks who denyed the Resurrection of Jesus Christ and yet when any of them dyed without Baptism Baptised some others for the dead and in their name fearing that they should be punished for dying without Baptism Q. But Jesus Christ says in Matth. 12.32 That the sin against the Holy Ghost shall not be forgiven either in this world or in the world to come there must then be a world to come in which sins are forgiven and punished A. These words shall not be forgiven signifie only that it shall be punished in this World and in that which is to come as St. Mark explains it Chapter 3.29 He that Blasphemeth against the Holy Ghost hath never Forgiveness but is in Danger of Eternal Damnation Also by the World to come may be understood the day of Judgment in which the Scriptures tell us Sins shall be forgiven and punished because then shall be publickly pronounced the Sentence of Condemnation or of Absolution according as St. Paul prayed for Onesyphorus That he might find mercy of the Lord in that day 2 Tim. 1.18 because then mercy or Punishment would be manifested SECT XVI Of Human Satisfactions Quest CAn men satisfie the Justice of God for their Sins by Works of Penitence as Fasting Alms Stripes and such like A. No for they are imperfect and to think that any Suffering and Pains but those of Jesus Christ can Reconcile us to God is to esteem the Blood of Jesus Christ and his Sufferings superfluous and unprofitable for God takes not two payments for one debt and the Scripture tells us Col. 2.13.14 That God hath freely forgiven all our Trespasses in blotting out the hand-writinng of Ordinances that was against us Nailing it to his Cross and this Word freely excludes all Satisfaction on our part for as St. Paul Rom. 11.6 says If by Grace then it is not by Works Q. But they will tell you that they hold those penitential works Satisfactory only by vertue of the death of Christ A. These things are contradictory for Jesus Christ dyed that we should not be obliged to make satisfaction our selves and to pay that debt which it was impossible for us to pay and the Apostle Hebr. 1.3 tells us That he had by himself purged our sins and not by our making Satisfaction Q. God hath indeed freed us from the guilt of our sins for Jesus Christ's sake but not from all the punishment of them A. This is an absurd evasion for the forgiving of Sin is nothing else but the not punishing of it and when we desire That God would forgive our Sins as we forgive them that trespass against us we pray That God would not inflict the punishment that we deserve for our sins no more than we seek to Revenge the Wrongs done unto us Q. Yet God often inflicts punishments after he hath pardoned Sins as he did upon David after having signified to him that his Adultery and Murder were pardoned 2 Sam. 12.10 14. A. Such punishments God inflicts for to humble and correct his Children but not to satisfie his Justice and are rather Effects of Love and Mercy than of Justice therefore Eliphas says to Job Happy is the man whom God Correcteth therefore despise not thou the chastning of the Almighty Job 5.17 Q.
Alms c. 4. Above all he is free and at liberty to sin Q. Hath not an unregenerate man Free Will to Actions freely good and pleasing unto God such as Faith Repentance and Love to God A. No for Jesus Christ teaches us that Whosoever committeth sâ—n is the servant of sin John 8.34 and Matth. 7.18 that A corrupt tree cannot bring forth good fruits And S. Paul Rom. 8.7 tells us that The carnal mind is enmity against God for it is not subject to the Law of God neither indeed can be And the same Apostle says that Men before they are savingly called are dead in their trespasses and sins Ephes 2.1 Q. What think you of the brave Actions of Pagans and the heroick Vertues which shined in them A. That they were brave and splendid Actions but that they could not be pleasing unto God because they were not moved by the consideration of his Glory but by their own Ambition and that these great men not being in Christ and being destitute of faith could not please God as the Apostle teacheth us that Without faith it is impossible to please God Heb. 11.6 Q. May not these civil Vertues which are in unregenerate men be saving dispositions to the Grace of God and merits of Congruity which may incline God to be merciful to them A. No For S. Paul says 2 Tim. 1.9 that God hath saved us and called us with an holy Calling not according to our works but according to his own Purpose and Grace which was given us in Christ Jesus before the world began And our Lord Jesus Christ doth not refer the Cause of his Disciples being called to the knowledge of God rather than the Pharisees to any thing but God's good pleasure Matth. 11.26 I thank thee O Father Lord of heaven and earth because thou hast hid those things from the wise and prudent and hast revealed them unto babes even so Father for so it seemed good in thy sight Q. What doth a man then contribute towards his heavenly Callong A. No more than one dead to his Resurrection or Adam to his Creation or a Child to his Conception and therefore Regeneration is called in the Word of God a Resurrection Col. 2.12 You are risen through the faith of the operation of God who hath raised Jesus Christ from the dead And a Creation Ephes 2.10 We are his workmanship created in Christ Jesus unto good works A Generation James 1.18 Of his own Will begat he us with the Word of Truth that we should be a kind of first fruits of his Creatures SECT XXVII Of Man's Free Will in a State of Grace Quest BVT After God hath called a man from a state of Sin to a state of Grace hath be not Free Will to apply himself to that which is good A. Yes For Jesus Christ saith John 6.36 If the Son shall make you free ye shall be free indeed even as when Jesus Christ had raised Lazarus from the dead he commanded that they should untie him and let him go So after God hath raised a man from the state of spiritual death and delivered him from the bonds of Sin he walketh freely in the paths of Righteousness and with gladness of heart willingly employs himself in his Service Rom. 7.22 Q. Do you think that after God hath called a man to Salvation he leaves him to himself and to his own conduct A. No For the same Grace of God which hath begun the work will accompany us Phil. 1.6 He which hath begun a good work in you will perform it until the day of Jesus Christ And Chap. 2.13 It is God that worketh in you both to will and to do of his good pleasure All the good motions of regenerate men proceed from the Grace of God 2 Cor. 3.5 Not that we are sufficient of our selves to think any thing as of our selves but our sufficiency is of God Q. This being so a regenerate man is not at liberty since it is not he properly that acteth but God in him A. This doth not follow for God worketh so in the Will of Believers that he taketh not away their liberty but on the contrary maketh it more perfect making them incline to good not constrainedly but with a willing and filial Obedience Psal 119.32 35. Q. How do you understand this Divine Co-operation A. That God doth not deal with Believers as Stones or Stocks which are moved and drawn without feeling but as with Creatures endowed with Reason he conducts and moves them to good by enlightning their Understanding and sanctifying their Will and Affections So that whereas they were refractory he makes them become obedient and by the efficacy of Grace and a force without constraint he so draws them that he makes them follow his Will and Conduct freely and with delight as the Spouse says in Cant. 1.4 Draw me we shall run after thee And the Prophet Jeremy Lament 5.21 Turn us O Lord and we shall be turned And John 6.44 Our Saviour says No man can come to me except the Father draw him We go then to Christ when it pleases the Father to draw us Q. Doth not this Doctrine make men negligent in good Works A. No On the contrary S. Paul Phil. 2.12 exhorts us to work out our Salvation c. because It is God that worketh in us to will and to do according to his good pleasure Q. Is this Free Will to do good in Believers perfect A. No For their Regeneration is yet imperfect and there remains something of their Bondage to sin which is the cause that they do not the good that they would but the evil that they would not as S. Paul speaketh of himself Rom. 7.15 Q. When is it then that Man 's Free Will shall be perfect A. When the Soul delivered from this mortal Body shall enjoy the presence of God in Heaven for ther the Soul being made perfectly holy shall be also perfectly free as the Angels are and the Spirits of the Just SECT XXVIII Of Justification Quest WHat doth this word Justifie signifie in the Scripture A. To absolve the Just and therefore it is ordinarily opposed to the word Condemn Prov. 17.15 He that justifieth the wicked and he that condemneth the just even they both are abomination to the Lord. And Matth. 12.37 By thy words thou shalt be justiised and by thy words thou shalt be condemned Q. Who is it can justifie and absolve us A. God only Rom. 8.33 Who shall lay any thing to the charge of God's Elect it is God that justifieth Q. Wherein consisteth that Justification A. In the free Remission and Pardon of Sin which he giveth us as David says Psal 32.1 Blessed is he whose transgression is forgiven whose sins are covered Rom. 4.6 7. Q. Vpon what consideration doth God justifie men and pardon their sin A. Upon the account of Christ's Righteousness and full Obedience he hath rendred unto his Father which he hath particularly testified in being obedient
Sacrifice of the Mass that which is said Gen. 14.18 that Melchisedeck sacrificed Bread and Wine A. If it were so in this passage as it is alledged there could nothing be gathered from it but that the Priests according to the Order of Melchisedeck should offer Bread and Wine and not the Body of Jesus Christ But this passage is not well translated for in the Hebrew it is not that Melchisedeck sacrificed but that he brought forth or presented Bread and Wine and that to Abraham for to refresh him and his people and not to God in Sacrifice Q. They prove likewise the Sacrifice of the Mass by Mal. 1.11 From the rising of the Sun even unto the going down of the same my Name shall be great among the Gentiles and in every place Incense shall be offered unto my Name and a Pure-Offering A. In all this passage there is nothing spoke of the Sacrifice of the body of Christ but the Prophet speaking of the Calling of the Gentiles foretels that every where a pure Offering should be offered unto God for so the Word of God calls the preaching of the Gospel Prayers and Alms and such like good works which are spiritual Sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ 1 Pet. 2.5 Q. What answer you to that which the Apostle says H. 13.10 We have an Altar whereof they have no right to eat which serve the Tabernacle A. That by this Altar is meant the Sacrifice that is spoken of in all the Epistle viz. the death of Jesus Christ and not the Sacrifice of Mass of which there is no mention made Q. Of what Sacrifice then speaks the Apostle besides the Sacrifice of Jesus Christ when he says Heb. 9.23 That it was necessary that the Heavenly things should be purified with better Sacrifices than those naming more than one A. He speaks only of the Sacrifice of Jesus Christ more excellent than all the Sacrifices of the Law names it Sacrifices putting it in the Plural 1. Because of his opposing it to the ancient Sacrifices of the Law 2. Because of its Excellency so David calls Repentance Psal 51.17 The Sacrifices of God and The most Holy Place in Greek is called Holy Places The Right Hand of God is called Right Hands Q. May not the Lord's Supper be called a Sacrifice A. Yes in the same sense that Alms and good Works are called Sacrifices not Propitiatory but Congratulatory or a Thanksgiving Sacrifice It may also be called a Sacrifice because it represents the Sacrifice of Jesus Christ's death even as the Sacraments take the name of the things they represent SECT XLVIII Of Baptism Quest WHat doth Baptism represent to you A. Two Washings 1. The Washing of our Justification which consists in the Forgiveness of our Sins 2. The Washing of Regeneration which consists in our being renewed spiritually by the Holy Ghost Q. Are those Graces communicated by Baptism Ex opere operato as they speak in the Schools by the thing done that is to say by the bare Action of the Sacrament wiihout the disposition of him that receives contributing thereunto A. No But by the power of the Holy Ghost in them who have Faith and Repentance for as it was not the blood of the Heifer that purified the Conscience neither is it the Water of Baptism but the Blood of Jesus Christ that cleanses from Sin and therefore Baptism is called 1 Pet. 3.21 A figure which saves us not the putting away the filth of the flesh says the Apostle but the answer of a good Conscience towards God by the Resurrection of Jesus Christ Q. Why then are Children baptized which are not capable of Faith and Repentance A. Because having an interest in the Covenant they ought also to receive the Sign thereof Acts 2.38 39. Be ye baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the Remission of sins for the promise is unto you and to your children But these Children when they come to Age must apply to themselves the Promise made to them in Baptism or else the Sacrament will serve only to aggravate their Condemnation SECT XLIX If Original Sin continues after Baptism Quest HAth Baptism that efficacy wholly to efface or abolish Original Sin so that after Baptism there remains in Man no sinful Corruption A. No For Experience shews that Children have perverse inclinations and are sinners after Baptism and if they were not sinners they would not die for says the Apostle The wages of sin is death Rom. 6.23 And St. Paul who was circumcised and after that baptized grants that sin dwelt in him and that he was sold under sin Rom. 7.14 17. The Romanists themselves confess in the Council of Trent that Lust continueth after Baptism Now if we believe St. Paul Lust is Sin Rom. 7.7 I had not known Lust except the Law had said Thou shalt not covet Q. But how often doth the Scripture tell us that We are baptised to the Remission of Sins and that We are therein washed from our Sins Act. 22.16 A. We do receive Forgiveness of Sins therein and to those that believe in Jesus Christ their sin shall not be imputed but that doth not hinder but after Baptism our Corruption doth continue more or less even till death SECT L. Of the Necessity of Baptism Quest IS Baptism so necessary to Salvation that without it we cannot be saved A. Baptism is necessary to Salvation when it may be had and this holy Sacrament ought not to be neglected but to exclude from Salvation a person who could neither have the time nor the opportunity to be baptised or a Child whose sudden death hath prevented Baptism is a cruel Doctrine and contrary to the goodness of God who tieth not his Grace to exterior Elements and maketh not the Salvation of Children to depend upon the negligence of their Parents Q. Nevertheless Jesus Christ says to Nicodemus John 3.5 Except a man be born of Water and of the Spirit he cannot enter into the Kingdom of God A. Jesus Christ doth not mean the material Water of Baptism but the Grace of the Holy Ghost which is often both in the Old New Testament called water Is 44.3 I will pour water upon him that is thirsty and floods upon the dry ground I will pour my spirit upon thy seed And Jesus Christ promised to give them that believe on him a well of water springing up into Everlasting Life John 4.14 By those words Jesus Christ doth not shew Nicodemus the Necessity of being Baptised since he was already Circumcised but the Necessity of being Regenerated that he might enter into the Kingdom of Heaven SECT LI. Of the Lords Supper Quest FOR what End did Jesus Christ institute the Sacrament of the Lords Supper A. That it might be a memorial of his death as Saint Paul teacheth us 1 Cor. 11.26 As often as you Eat this Bread and Drink this Cup ye do shew the Lords Death till he come And himself when he
combated Satan Matth. 4. He proved the Resurrection from the dead to the Saducees Matth. 22.23.29 31 32. And showed to his Disciples the necessity of his Death and of his Resurrection Luke 24.46 By them John Baptist proved his Mission Matth. 3.3 And by them the Apostles overcame the Jews and shewed powerfully that Jesus was the Christ Acts 9.22 and Acts 18.28 Q. Hath God commanded us to consult the Scriptures as our Judge A. The Prophet Esay 8.20 sends to the Law and to the Testimony and if they speak not according to this word it is because there is no Light in them And Jesus Christ commands the Jews to search the Scriptures because they testified of him John 5.39 and Luke 16.29 They have Moses and the Prophets let them hear them And St. Peter after having mentioned the voice from Heaven This is my beloved Son in whom I am well pleased adds We have also a more sure Word of Prophesie whereunto ye do well that ye take heed 2 Pet. 1.17 18.19 Q. But when there is a difference about the interpretation and sense of the Scripture is it not necessary to have a Judge who can judge Infallibly and with Authority of the meaning of the Scripture and declare it to us for our agreement A. God hath not given this power to any in the world but Scripture must Interpret Scripture one passage must be Interpreted by another as they did in the time of Esra who made them understand the Law by Reading of the Scripture Nehem. 8.8 Q. How can you decide matters of Faith by the Scripture since it is obscure A. If our Gospel be hid it is hid to them that are lost of whom the God of this world hath blinded the minds even Unbelievers 2 Cor. 4.3.4 But it is not obscure to them who have received the Spirit of God that they might know the things that are freely given to us of God 1 Cor. 2.12 And to accuse the Scripture of obscurity is to accuse it falsely for David Psal 119.105 says Thy word is a lamp unto my feet and a light unto my paths Q. Yet St. Peter says in the 2 Epistle 3.16 That in the Epistles of St. Paul there are some things hard to be understood A. I grant there are many obscure places in the Scripture to exercise the Faith of Believers and keep the most Learned humble but God hath so ordered that all things necessary to Salvation are clear and easie to be understood Q. But since St. Paul would have Believers to judge of his Doctrine 1 Cor. 10.15 I speak as to wise men judg ye what I say Why should not the Church assembled in Council hvve that Authority A. There are two kinds of judgment one is a judgment of Authority the other of discretion by which particular Believers ought to try the Spirits whether they be of God and discern the true Doctrine of Christ from lies and of this judgment Paul speaks when he says judge ye what I say but for the judgment of Authority God hath not given it to any Mortal man not to the Councils themselves which have no power to make any Canons or Decisions to oblige the Consciences of any but so far as they are conform to the word of God Jesus Christ only hath Soveraign Authority in the Church as the well beloved Son that the Father hath commanded us from Heaven to hear Matth. 3.17 and John 5.22 Jesus Christ says that the Father hath given all judgment to the Son SECT IV. Of the Perfection of the Scripture Q. IS the Scripture the perfect Rule of our Faith A. Yes Because all the Articles of Faith and Doctrines necessary to Salvation are contained therein and therefore St. Paul 2. Tim. 3.15 says That the Holy Scriptures are able to make wise unto Salvation through Faith which is in Christ Jesus Q. St. Paul speaks there only of the Books of the Old Testament for the New was not then writ so it follows by your reason that the New Testament is superfluous since the Old is sufficient for to instruct us to Salvation A. Upon the contrary St. Paul speaking of the Books of the Old Testament only fortifies strongly our reason for the sufficiency and perfection of the Scripture for if the Books of Moses and the Prophets were sufficient to make the Church wise unto Salvation Why may not the Scripture be sufficient now since to Moses and the Prophets God hath added the Evangelists and the Apostles Besides it follows not that because the Books of the Old Testament were sufficient for the Church then that the New is Superfluous since God hath pleased to give it us to manifest the Doctrine of Salvation more clearly and fully as 2 Tim. 1.10 Paul says That Jesus hath brought Life and Immortality to light through the Gospel Q. Is all Tradition to be Condemned A. No for this word Tradition signifies nothing but a Doctrine given from hand to hand the Scripture it self is a Tradition and the Doctrine of Salvation before it was written was a Tradition and hath been called Scripture since it was put into Writing and St. Paul calls the Doctrine of the Gospel Tradition which is written 1 Cor. 15.3 I have given unto you that which I have received viz. That Christ dyed for our Sins according to the Scriptures Q. What Traditions then are to be condemned A. All Traditions of men wherewith they pretend to bind the Consciences of men and give them for Articles of Faith which S. Paul Colos 2.8 would that we should take heed of Beware lest any man spoil you through Philosophy and vain deceit after the Traditions of men after the Rudiments of the World and not after Christ Such were the Traditions that the Pharisees added to the Law which Christ condemns Matth. 15.3 Why do ye transgress the Commandement of God by your Tradition applying to them what God says of Hypocrites Esay 29.13 In vain they do Worship me teaching for Doctrines the Commandements of men Such are the Traditions which the Roman Church hath added to the Gospel as Worshipping Images and Praying to Saints which tho' they have no foundation in the Scripture but are formally condemned therein yet the Council of Trent hath commanded them to be received with the same Devotion and Piety that the Scripture is Q. Nevertheless St. Paul 2 Thess 2.15 Commands the Thessalonians to hold the Traditions that they had been Taught by Word or Epistles and 2 Tim. 2.2 He recommends to Timothy to commit to faithful men the things which he had heard in presence of many Witnesses A. I Answer that those Traditions and Instructions of St. Paul are not Traditions of men but the Word of God as he himself says 1 Thess 2.13 And the Instructions he gave Believers by Word and Living Voice are the same he hath writ in his Epistles and that we may be assured that his Doctrine is not Traditions of men he protests to the Jews Acts 26.22
with more liberty and less distraction but Jesus Christ himself says in the same place that all men cannot receive this saying Matth. 19.11 Q. Yet St. Paul Condemns widows who having consecrated themselves to the service of the Church would afterwards Marry 1 Tim. 5.12 Having damnation because they have cast off their first faith A. St. Paul condemns them because by Marrying they make themselves uncapable of fulfilling their promise to serve the Church and not for their Marrying and therefore least they should be obliged to quit their Office and so violate their Faith by Marrying he forbids to receive any into that number under threescore and commands young Widows to Marry saying I will therefore that the younger women marry 1 Tim. 5.14 Q. Is this command in the 1 Cor. 7.9 If they cannot contain let them Marry made to Ministers and Ecclesiastical persons as well as to other people A. Yes For Ministers are as much obliged to obey God as others and therefore Ecclesiastical persons under the Law did Marry both Priests and Prophets and under the Gospel St. Peter was Married and Philip the Evangelist St. Matth. 8.14 Acts 21.9 And St. Paul 1 Cor. 9.5 tells us that he had power to lead about a Sister a Wife as well as other Apostles and Brethren of the Lord and Cephas And 1 Tim. 3.2 he would have a Bishop to be the Husband of one Wife and therefore speaking of them who forbid Marriage he calls them seducing Spirits teaching Doctrines of Devils 1 Tim. 4.1 2 3. SECT XX. Of Vowing Poverty Quest IS it lawful to Vow Poverty to God and quit our Goods for to shut our selves up the rest of our days in a Cloister and beg our Bread from door to door A. No Jesus Christ indeed Commands us to quit joyfully our Goods Wives and Houses for to follow him when we cannot keep them without dissembling or abandoning the Truth but he commands us not to beg but on the contrary would have us Gen. 3.19 to eat our bread in the sweat of our faces and 1 Tim. 6.18 that the Rich should be rich in good Works ready to distribute willing to communicate and Ephes 4 28 the Apostle would have us labour working with our hands the things which are Good that we may have to give to him that needeth Q. Yet Jesus Christ commandeth the young men Matth. 19.21 to sell what he had and give it to the poor A. Jesus Christ commanded this young man to do it that he might make manifest his Covetousness and to show that he loved not God with all his heart as he had boasted Luke 14.26 but he commandeth not others to do it SECT XXI Of Vowing Obedience Quest IS it lawful to Vow a blind Obedience without contradiction to a Superiour A. No For God only hath Soveraign power over our Consciences 1 Cor. 7.23 Ye are bought with a price be not ye the servants of men Q. What think you of the Vows of Children that without the consent and against the will of their Parents and Superiours put themselves into Monasteries A. That they are void for the Scripture tells us Numb 30.5 That if a Father disallow the Vows of a Child yet in his house they shall not stand and they that allow such Vows make void the Commandment of God Honour thy Father and thy Mother by their Tradition as Jesus Christ chargeth the Pharisees Matthew 15.6 SECT XXII Of Lawful Vows Quest WHat is requisite in lawful Vows A. First That they be made to God only and not to Creatures Psal 76.11 Psal 50.14 Offer unto God thanksgiving and pay thy Vows unto the most high Secondly That the things Vowed be lawful and good It was a wicked Vow of the Jews not to eat nor drink till they had killed Paul Acts 23.12 Thirdly That it be not rash as Jeptha's was to Sacrifice the first thing that should meet him after his Victory Judg. 11.31 and Herods Matth. 14.7 Fourthly That the thing Vowed be our own and that it be in our power to fulfil it Q. Are unlawful and wicked Vows to be kept A. No For a wicked and rash Vow ought not to make us violate our first Vow in Baptism to obey the Commandments of God and the keeping and fulfilling such Vows is as great or greater crime than the making of them SECT XXIII Concerning Fasts Quest WHat think you is to be blamed in the Romish Fasts A. Four things chiefly 1. Their making them consist in distinction of meats and not in abstinence from meats 2. Their ordering them precisely at a certain time of the year without respect to the fittest time in which we ought particularly to humble our selves before God 3. Their being become Superstitious and being imposed with as much or more rigour than the Commandments of God 4. And above all the believing that they merit Eternal Salvation in observing of them Q. Are such Fasts Condemned in the Word of God A. Yes for St. Paul forbids us to make any distinction of meats 1 Cor. 10.25 Whatsoever is Sold in the Shambles that Eat asking no question for Conscience sake And our Lord Jesus Christ tells us Matth. 15.11 Not that which goeth into the mouth defileth a man but that which cometh out of the mouth defileth a man And 1 Cor. 8.8 Meat commendeth us not to God for neither if we eat are we the better neither if we eat not are we the worse And Rom. 14.17 The Kingdom of God is not meat nor drink but righteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Ghost And above all the Apostle speaks very expresly Col. 2.16 Let no man judge you in meat or in drink And 1 Tim. 4.3 he says that they are seducing Spirits teaching doctrins of devils who command to abstain from meats which God hath created to be received with thanksgiving of them which believe and know the truth Q. It may be answered to these passages that in them St. Paul condemns two sorts of persons First Those who under the Gospel would oblige Christians to observe the Ordinances of the Law touching the distinction of meats which we ought not any more to observe because they were shadows of things to come but the body is of Christ Colos 2.17 And Secondly Those who looked on some meats to be polluted by Nature as some Hereticks have done but these passages do not seem to condemn those who in some certain times ordained abstinence from some sorts of meats to humble and subdue the flesh A. To the first I Answer That if S. Paul Colos 2.20 would not have us to Obey the Ordinances of the Law about the distinction of meat because we are dead with Christ though they were Ceremonies instituted of God much less are we obliged seeing we are dead with Christ to observe New Ordinances which are but inventions of men for we ought to stand fast in the Liberty wherewith Christ hath made us free and not be intangled again with the Yoke of
even to the death of the Cross Phil. 2.8 And offering himself a sacriffce for the propitiation of their sins as we are taught by S. Paul Rom. 3.25 And Ephes 1.7 In whom we have Redemption through his blood the forgiveness of sins according to the riches of his Grace And Rom. 5.19 That by the obedience of one many are made righteous Q. Do not mens Works contribute to their Justification A. No For S. Paul Phil. 3.9 desireth to be found in Christ Not having saith he mine own righteousness which is of the Law but that which is through the faith of Christ the righteousnoss which is of God By faith And Rom. 3.24 being justified freely by the Grace of God through the Redemption of Jesus Christ excludes Justification by Works for Rom. 11.6 If by Grace then it is no more of Works And having established the Righteousness of God instead of the Righteousness of the Law he concludes Rom. 3.8 that A man is justified by faith without the deeds of the Law Q. It is answered that the Apostle excludes only the works of the Ceremonial Law and not those of the Moral Law A. He excludes also the works of the Moral Law for he speaketh of the Law by which we are made to know sin Rom. 3.20 By the deeds of the Law there shall no flesh be justified in his sight for by the Law is the knowledge of sin Now it is the Moral Law by which we know Sin we shall not then be justified by the works of the Moral Law Q. It may be said likewise that S. Paul excludes only works done before Regeneration and not these that are done in the state of Grace A. He excludes also works done after Regeneration for he excludes the works of Abraham and David who were regenerated Rom. 4.3 6 7. Q. Why can we not be justified by works that are done by the Grace of the Holy Ghost A. Because they are yet imperfect for the Spirit of God doth not regenerate Believers so perfectly in this life but there rests something of the Old Man which obliges them to look after their Justification through the Remission of their Sins Q. Faith is imperfect yet S. Paul tells us that we are justified by it A. We are not justified by Faith as a Work nor because of the excellency and perfection of it but as it is an instrument by which we apply the Righteousness of Jesus Christ and therefore S. Paul calls it Kom 3.22 The righteousness of God which is by faith in Jesus Christ Q. How then do you agree that which S. Paul says that Man is justified by faith without the works of the Law And that which S. James saith that Man is justified by works and not by faith only James 2.24 A. St. Paul speaks of the Justification wherewith we are justified before God but S. James of that wherewith we justifie our selves God justifies us as a Judge who absolves us upon the account of the death of Jesus Christ and not at all upon the account of our works but we justifie our selves by our works as Witnesses by which we manifest and declare that we are justified and that our Faith is sincere and true as S. James explains it saying vers 18. Shew me thy faith without thy works and I will shew thee my faith by my works And vers 17. that Faith without works is dead Q. Who are they that God justiifes A. They only who being converted to God by a serious Repentance believe in Jesus Christ our Lord according to that which St. Peter said to the Jews Acts 3.19 Repent ye and be converted that your sins may be blotted out and Acts 10.43 To him give all the Prophets witness that through his name whosoever believeth in him shall receive remission of sins Q. These thing being so explained how do you define Justification A. A gracious sencence whereby God in his mercy declares such an one absolved from his sins and justified in his sight as Repents of his sins and believes in Jesus Christ in consideration of his Righteousness and Obedience and of his death which he hath suffered for sinners SECT XXIX Of Merits Quest CAn we Merit Salvation by our Works A. No For we are justifyed freely by the Grace of God through the redemption that is in Jesus Christ Rom. 3.24 And we are saveed not of works least any man should boast Eph. 2.9 The gift of God is eternal life Rom. 6.23 Now Grace and Works Gift and Merits are incompatible and the Scripture calls us Children to teach us that we obtain not Salvation as Buyers and Mercenaries but as Children and Heirs Rom. 8.17 Col. 3.24 Q. Why canaot Works done by the Grace of God Merit A. First Because they are imperfect Secondly Because they do proceed from the Grace of God for that which is given cannot merit from him who gave it Thirdly Because they are due and the payment of Debts is no Merit Luke 17.10 When you shall have done all these things which are commanded say you we are unprofitable servants we have done that which was our duty to do Fourthly Because they signifie nothing to God My goodness extendeth not to thee Psal 16.2 Job 22.2 3. and 35.7 and Fifthly Because they are not to be compared with the glory which shall be revealed in us Rom. 8.18 Q. Why then doth the Word of God speak so often of salvation as of a reward A. It is not a reward merited or given to a Mercenary as a thing due of which St. Paul speaks Rom. 4.4 To him that worketh is the reward not reckoned of Grace but of debt but Salvation is a free reward which is given as to a child of which David speaks 103.4 The Lord crowneth thee with loving kindness and tender mercy Q. What say you to that which is said of believers Revel 3.4 That they are clothed in White Robes for they are worthy and to this that St. Paul calls Life Eternal a Crown of Righteousness which the Lord the Righteous Judge shall give him 2 Tim. 1.8 A. I answer Belivers are worthy of Life Eternal not because they have merited it but because God by his Grace hath made them worthy that is to say according to the stile of the Word of God capable of receiving it as John Baptist Matth. 3. says Bring forth fruits worthy of repentance he doth not understand that they merited Repentance but that they should be agreeable to Repentance And St. Paul exhorts the Philippians that their conversation be worthy of the Gospel that is to say becoming the Gospel also God is just in giving Life Eternal to those that believe not because they have merited it but because it is just with God to accomplish his free promise Nehem. 9.8 SECT XXX Of Predestination Quest WHat is it you call Predestination A. The absolute and free decree of God by which out of the corrupt mass of men he hath pleased to choose some to be Vessels
of their Salvation but it follows not that other Believers must have such Assurance A. It doth follow since that these Saints had not this Assurance by an extraordinary Revelation of their Salvation but that it was built upon the goodness of God the stability of his Promises and upon the efficacy of the death and intercession of Jesus Christ which are Motives and Considerations common to all Believers Q. Have Believers always this Assurance A. No For Faith hath its weaknesses and distempers and according as Sin and the Flesh predominates Faith and Assurance diminishes but at last Faith becomes victorious Q. But may not one be deceived in this Assurance and take carnal Security for true Faith and Assurance A. I grant some may deceive themselves but from thence it follows not but that true Believers may know they have a true Faith otherwise S. Paul's Exhortation was in vain 2 Cor. 13.5 Examine your selves whether you be in the faith if it cannot be known by Examination Q. By what marks do you certainly know true Faith A. By its effects as a Tree by its Fruits Matth. 7.16 If it worketh by love Gal. 5.6 If it produces in us the love of God and disesteem of the World Ardour and pleasure in praying to God and Zeal for his Glory And besides these Testimonies a Believer hath The spirit of God which beareth witness with our spirit that we are the children of God Rom. 8.16 Which sealeth us unto the day of Redemption Ephes 4.30 and Who is the Earnest of our Inheritance until the Redemption of the purchased Possession unto the praise of his Glory Ephes 1.14 Q. This Doctrine seems to incline men to be licentious for every one may say If I have assurance of Salvation what need I employ my self in good works A. This is the thought of a prophane person and not of a child of God for none can promise themselves Salvation without good works We know not our Election by Election but by the examination of our Consciences therefore S. Peter 2 Epist 1.10 compared with vers 5 6 7 8. would have us give diligence to make our Calling and Election sure by good works And the Holy Ghost who is the Spirit of Adoption in the hearts of Believers is also the spirit of Holiness And in witnessing to them that they are the children of God he giveth to them also such holy Motions and Affections Q. Yet in the Scripture we are often exhorted to fear and trembling Psal 2.11 Serve the Lord with fear and rejoyce with trembling And Phil. 2.12 S. Paul would have us to work out our Salvation with fear and trembling And 1 Cor. 10.12 Let him that thinketh he standeth take heed lest he fall A. By these words we are not exhorted to distrust but to a reverend fear and to walk before God with an holy care and fear lest we should offend him And this fear of God is so far from being prejudicial to the Confidence we ought to have in the goodness of God and to the assurance of Salvation that on the contrary it is an effect of Faith and a most assured indication that our Assurance is not a carnal Security but sincere and right and in this fear Believers walk on to the Salvation that they wait for Jer. 32.40 Acts 9.31 SECT XXXIII Of Sin and if all Men are Sinners Quest WHat is Sin A. Whatsoever is contrary to the Law 1 Joh. 3.4 Q. Are all Men defiled therewith A. Yes except only Jesus Christ who is the Lamb without blemish 1 Pet. 1.19 For if we say we have no sin we are Lyers and the truth is not in us 1 Joh. 1.8 In many things we offend all James 3.2 Q. Yet the Scripture gives testimony to many Believers that they have walked without reproach in the Commandments of God that they have been holy and righteous and have loved God with all their heart as David Job Zacharia and Elizabeth A. These things are not said of them because they were without sin for the Scripture it self gives us an account of great sins committed by them as of David's Adultery Zacharia's Distrust Job's Murmuring but because they walked in the integrity of Conscience and gave themselves with all their heart and power to serve God Q. In what sense then are Believers called just and holy A. They are called just and righteous because the Righteousness of Jesus Christ is imputed to them Rom. 1.17 and they are accepted of God as righteous themselves Secondly They are called righteous in opposition to the wicked which the Word of God calls Workers of iniquity Thirdly They are particularly called holy because God sanctifies them by his Spirit and consecrates them to his Service and calls them to be Saints Rom. 5.17 and 6.17 Q. Why doth David say then Psal 18.24 that God hath recompensed him according to his Righteousness and according to the cleanness of his hands A. He speaks so to maintain the innocence of his Carriage in respect of Saul and his other Enemies which persecuted him without cause but when he speaks of his Righteousness before God he prays that He would not enter into Judgment with his Servant for in thy sight says he shall no man living be justified Psal 143.2 and Psal 130.3 4. If thou Lord shouldst mark iniquity O Lord who shall stand But there is forgiveness with thee that thou maist be feared Q. Notwithstanding S. Paul speaks of perfect men Phil. 3.15 Let us therefore as many as be perfect be thus minded A. S. Paul calls not them perfect in respect of their fulfilling of the Law but in respect of the perfection of their growth and Advancement in the knowledge of God and therefore he opposed 1 Cor. 14.20 perfect men to children Be not childrin in understanding but be ye children in malice but in understanding be ye men in the Original be ye perfect And the Apostle Heb. 5.14 says that Strong meat that is to say Solid Doctrine belongeth to them that are of full age even those who by reason of their use have their Senses exercised to discern both good and bad SECT XXXIV Of Venial and Mortal Sins Quest WHat doth Sin deserve A. Death The soul that sinneth shall die Ezek. 18.4 Q. Yes indeed for mortal sins but there are venial sins which are of so small importance that it would seem that they merited not to be punished with death A. The Word of God makes no such distinction it shews us indeed that some Sins are more grievous than others and that he who knoweth his Masters will and doth it not shall be beaten with many stripes but it shews us likewise that all Sins without exception are by nature worthy of death Rom. 6.23 The wages of Sin is death And our Saviour tells us Matth. 12.36 That for every idle word that men shall speak they shall give account thereof in the day of judgement and Matth. 5.22 That he who call'd his Brother Fool is
Instituted this Sacrament saith This is my Body which is broken for you this do in Remembrance of me 1 Cor. 11.24 Q. Do you believe that Jesus Christ when he says This is my Body changed the Bread substantially into his true Body and was pleased that as often as the Pastors should pronounce these words they should Transubstantiate the Bread and Wine into his Body A. No for since Reason and Faith teaches me that there is no change of substance in those signs sight tast touch and smell assure me that it is true bread and wine reason tells me that a human body cannot be inclosed in breads accidents and that accidents cannot subsist without their subject and when it is destroyed that it implies a contradiction that one body can be in heaven and in earth at the same time and not in the middle space that it can have all its parts and dimensions in one small point and be more spiritual than a spirit Briefly faith which teaches me that Jesus Christ hath an human nature like to ours in all things Sin only excepted permits me not to believe that Jesus Christ hath a body invisible impalpable without dimensions without voice or motion faith persuades me that Jesus Christ is in Glory at the Fathers right hand permits me not to believe that his body is on earth subject to be trodden under foot by Infidels taken away by Thieves eaten by mice and suffer now he is in Glory more Reproach than ever he suffer'd during his humiliation here below in a word faith which teaches me that the heaven must receive him untill the restitution of all things Acts 3.21 And that we have the Poor always with us but that we have not him always Matth. 26.11 That he hath left the World that he is gone to his Father John 13.1 and 16.17 and 14.3 hinders me from believing that he is here again on the Earth shut up in a Pix Matth. 24.26 If any shall say Behold he is in the secret Chambers believe them not the Greek word signifies Ciboires i. e. the Boxes wherein the Sacrament is kept Q. But yet he hath said himself of the Bread This is my Body and of the Cup This is my Blood Matth. 26.26 A. Yes but he said likewise that it was Bread He took bread and said this is my Body and he said of the Cup that it was the Fruit of the Vine Matth. 26.29 And St. Paul 1 Cor. 11.26 27 28. says that we break and eat Bread I am then obliged to believe that it is Bread and the Body of Jesus Christ Q. How can one and the same thing be Bread and the Body of Christ which are two Natures so different A. It is Bread in substance but the Body of Jesus Christ in figure and signification according to the nature of Sacraments which take the name of the things signified as likewise the things signified take the names of their figures even as the Rock in the Desert is called Christ the Paschal Lamb a Passover Circumcision the Covenant of God Jesus Christ the Bread which came down from Heaven the Vine the Door the light c. Q. How know you that these words This is my Body ought to be taken Figuratively A. First Since Jesus Christ by these words instituted a Sacrament they must be understood Sacramentally and Jesus Christ instituting this Sacrament instead of the Passover in which a Lamb is called a passage it was reasonable that in the Sacrament of the New Covenant the sign should take the name of the thing signified even as the other did Secondly Jesus Christ himself would have us to understand it figuratively for he commands us to do this in remembrance of him he would not then have us to Eat his Body really and corporally for we are said to remember only things corporal when absent Thirdly Besides our Saviour gives us this Body as broken and delivered for us now he is not really broken in the Sacrament but only in Figure Fourthly The bread is the Body of Jesus Christ as the Cup is the New Testament of his Blood now a Cup cannot be a New Testament but figuratively neither can the Bread be Christs Body any other way Q. What can you answer to these words of our Saviour where he so plainly says That his flesh is meat indeed and his blood drink indeed John 6.55 A. I say First That in this sixth Chapter of St. John Jesus Christ speaks not of the Lords Supper for it was not then instituted Secondly That the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ is truly the meat and drink of our Souls but not of our Bodies that his Body is spiritual meat and not material and by these words Jesus Christ teacheth us that as truly as Bread and Drink nourishes our Body his Body crucified for us his Blood shed for our Redemption nourishes comforts and fortifies our Souls for what Nourishment is to the Body that Consolation and instruction is to the Soul Q. But this word indeed seems to exclude all Figure A. Not at all but only all doubt or untruth for doth not Jesus Christ say that he is the true Vine John 15.1 and yet he is so only Figuratively Q. How know ye that Jesus Christ speaks of a Spiritual meat and drink in the sixth of St. John A. Because his disciples murmuring at the the hardness of that saying concerning eating his Flesh and drinking his Blood he tells them what if you shall see the Son of Man ascending up where he was before verse 62. insinuating to them that when they should see him ascend into Heaven they should not have such gross apprehensions as to imagine they could corporally eat him on the earth And that they might understand those words spiritually he adds It is the spirit that quickneth the flesh profiteth nothing the words that I speak unto you they are spirit and they are life vers 63. Q. How then can you eat Christ's flesh and drink his blood as he commands us in this Chapter A. Spiritually and by faith which is the mouth of the Soul according to Christ's exhortation in this Chapter vers 35. He that cometh to me shall never hunger and he that believeth on me shall never thirst And it appears that he speaks not of a corporal eating of the Sacrament of Christ's body in this Chapter since he says vers 54. that Whosoever eateth his flesh and drinketh his blood hath life eternal And on the contrary Except ye eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood ye have no life in you vers 53. Now it is certain that many of the Elect are dead and could not have this Sacrament And vers 56. he says that He that eateth my flesh and drinketh my blood dwelleth in me and I in him Then the Manducation of Jesus Christ and his dwelling in us must be understood spiritually for if it be necessary that we eat Jesus Christ corporally that he may
dwell in us by the same reason Jesus Christ should eat us and we should enter into his body that we might dwell in him Q. How is it then that Jesus Christ dwelleth in us and we in him A. Jesus Christ dwelleth in us by his Spirit and we receive him by faith Ephes 3 17. That Christ may dwell in your hearts by faith and John 1.12 As many as received him to them gave he power to become the sons of God even to them that believe in his Name To believe in Jesus Christ then is to receive him and 1 Joh. 3.24 And hereby we know that he abideth in us by the Spirit which he hath given us Q. If you take only the figure and not the true body of Jesus Christ in the Lord's Supper what advantage have you more than the wicked and prophane who often take the figure as well as you A. Very much for the wicked only eat the exterior part of the Sacrament with their bodily mouth but Believers together with the Sacrament and Sign eat the thing signified by faith which is the mouth of the Soul viz. the body of Jesus Christ which was crucified for us and drink his blood which was shed for the Redemption of our Souls Q. This eating with the mouth of the Soul seems to be an imaginary thing A. Not at all for as the Soul is as real a thing as the Body so the Operations thereof are as certain and real as those of the Body or rather more certain and if the Body is really nourished by Bread and Wine in the Sacrament the soul is not less nourished and strengthned by imbracing by Faith Jesus Christ our Saviour who died for our sins and rose again for our justification Q. Do you not believe that the eating of the Sacrament of Christs Body doth put into the Body a Seed of immortality as Jesus Christ says John 6.54 Whoso cateth my flesh and drinketh my blood hath eternal life and I will raise him up at the last day A. This saving effect doth not accompany the corporal eating of the Sacrament but the effectual working of the Holy Ghost which by Faith produceth a new life in the Elect giveth them an assurance and even beginning of a glorious immortality as we are taught by St. Paul Rom. 8.11 If the spirit of him that raised up Jesus from the dead dwell in you he that raised up Christ from the dead shall also quicken your mortal bodies by his spirit that dwelleth in you SECT LII Of Communion under both Kinds Quest MAY one lawfully partake of the Sacrament under the sign of Bread only as it is practised in the Church of Rome at this time A. No For Jesus Christ hath said Matth. 26.27 Drink ye all of it Q. But he speaks to his Disciples who were Priests and not to others A. The Apostles did not appear there as Pastors but as the Lords Disciples obliged to obey his Commands and if this Command Drink ye all of it oblige none but Pastours no more doth the other take eat both commands being made to the same persons and consequently then the people must be deprived of the whole Sacrament Q. Have ye no other passage where the people are commanded expresly to partake of the Cup A. St. Paul 1 Cor. 11.28 commandeth all without exception to examine themselves and so Eat of that Bread and Drink of that Cup whoever then are obliged to examine themselves are also obliged to drink of this Cup and since they of the Church of Rome understand the words of Jesus Christ John 6. to be spoken of the Sacrament of the Lords Supper what can they answer to words so express verse 53. Verily verily I say unto you except ye eat the flesh of the Son of man and drink his blood ye have no life in you Q. But what need is there of drinking since under the Species of Bread or of Wine Jesus Christ is wh lly contained A. This evasion comes from a false Supposition that Jesus Christ is corporally and wholly contained in each Crum of Bread even as it is usual for one error to produce more whereas we should mark this that since Jesus Christ hath commanded the Cup to be taken as well as Bread he would not have us believe this pretended Concomitance and Real Corporal substantial presence of his Body but would have us believe that the participation of the Cup is as necessary as the the partaking of the Bread Q. Notwithstanding there are examples of Believers in the Scripture who have taken Bread only in this Sacrament Acts 2.46 It is said that the Lords Disciples continued in the breaking of Bread A. The consequence is most absurd that the Disciples broke Bread therefore consequently they did not partake of the Cup as if we should say there they have eaten consequently they have not drunk but were not the Lords Disciples Priests and Pastours They were certainly obliged then to drink the Cup as well as to break the Bread according to the Opinion of these of the Roman Church that it was to Pastors that Jesus Christ gave this command Drink ye all of it THE END