irresistible way I am for the Affirmative in a right sence A work may be said to be done irresistibly two ways either when there is no resistance at all thus the Apostle saith ye have killed the just and he doth not resist you Jam. 5. 6. that is not resist at all or else when there is no such resistance as to impede the work thus they were not able to resist the wisdom and spirit of Stephen Acts 6. 10. there 's an irresistibility but what without any resistance at all No they disputed against him with might and main but because their disputes could not impede his work in propagating the Gospel therefore it is said that they were not able to resist him Thus when I say that Conversion is wrought in an irresistible way I mean not that there is no resistance at all for even in the Regenerate there is flesh lusting against the spirit the old Man and the new strugle in the same Faculties like Esau and Jacob in the same Womb but I mean that there is no such resistance as to impede the Work of Conversion In meekness saith the Apostle instructing those that oppose themselves if peradventure God will give them repentance 2 Tim. 2. 25. here is a resistance but for all that the work will be done if God give repentance He went on saith the Prophet frowardly in the way of his heart but what saith God I have seen his ways and will heal him Isai. 57. 17 18. here was a great resistance but for all that God will heal him God works Conversion in such an insuperable way that notwithstanding all the opposition made thereunto it doth infallibly come to pass Now this I shall endeavour to demonstrate first in general and then in particular with respect to the two Instants of Conversion 1. I shall demonstrate it in general and that by these Arguments taken 1. From God's Election He hath chosen some before the foundation of the World chosen them to holiness as the Way Eph. 1. 4. and chosen them to salvation as the End 2 Thess. 2. 13. But if Conversion be not wrought in an insuperable way how doth the foundation of God stand sure 2 Tim. 2. 19 How is that golden Chain kept entire Whom he did predestinate them he called whom he called them he justified and glorified Rom. 8. 30 Were not these called ones who have Predestination going before them and Justification and Glorification coming after them called in an insuperable way If not the Chain cannot hold together The Apostle makes a plain difference between men he opposes those of the election of grace to the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 who were blinded Rom. 11. 7. and those on whom God will have mercy to those whom he hardens Rom. 9. 18. But if Conversion be not irresistibly wrought this difference falls to the ground those of the Election may be blinded and those on whom God hath mercy may be hardened as well as others For my part I should as soon believe that a little Child may put up his finger and rowl about the Spheres as that the Will of Man may stay or turn aside the Influences of electing Grace 2. From Christs Redemption If we consider the preciousness of his Blood surely he must have a Body every little Seed in Nature hath a Body given to it and the Son of God sowing his Blood and Life cannot want one If we consider the Promise of God surely he must have a seed Isai. 53. 10. and what else is the Fulness of the Gentiles and the Conversion of the Jews but this promised Seed But if Grace be not wrought in an insuperable way Christ might sow his Blood and Life in a wonderful Passion and yet have no Body springing out of it nay God might engage himself in the Promise of a Seed and yet nothing at all come of it if the Grace of God be resistible lieve must be asked of Man's will that Christ's Blood may be fruitful and God's Promise Faithful 3. From the Spirit 's Work The three glorious Persons in the sacred Trinity shew forth themselves in three glorious Works the Father hath a special Shine in Creation the Son in Redemption and the holy Spirit in Sanctification In the first Work we have God in the World in the second God in the Flesh and in the third God in the Heart or Spirit When God came forth in Creation Oh! what an Heaven and Earth full of admirable Creatures and Harmonies issued forth When God came in the Flesh what out-breakings of Glory were there What sparklings of the Deity in Miracles upon the Bodies of Men The blind received their sight the lame walked the lepers were cleansed the deaf did hear the dead were raised and the Devils were ejected with power And when God comes in the Heart or Spirit what planting of a new heaven and a new earth How much of Glory and spiritual Miracle breaks forth in the Souls of Men Even here also the blind receive their sight the lame walk the lepers are cleansed the deaf hear the dead are raised and the devil is cast out with power The very same Miracles which Christ in the flesh did do on the Bodies of Men in a visible manner the very same doth Christ in the Spirit do on the Souls of Men in a spiritual way This is the proper Work of the Spirit to sanctifie Mens Hearts the Spirit doth not appear any where in all the World so much as in a true Saint Look into a godly Man's Understanding there 's the Spirit of Revelation look into his Will there 's the Spirit of Holiness look into his Affections there 's the Spirit of Love and Joy look into hs Conscience there 's the Spirit of Consolation look into his Prayers there 's the Spirit of Supplication look into his Conversation there 's the Spirit of Meekness and all Righteousness Thus the holy Spirit shews forth its Glory and flows in Men as rivers of living water and this Glory and Out-flowing is so precious that before it came in Esse according to the rich Measures of Gospel-grace it is said of the eternal Spirit 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the holy Spirit was not yet Joh. 7. 39. as if the Spirits flowing in Men were a kind of second Being to it But now after all this if Conversion be not wrought in an insuperable way the holy Spirit may be barred out of every Heart and then how shall his work be done Where shall his Glory and spiritual Miracles appear The Father hath a World to appear in the Son hath Flesh to tabernacle in but possibly the holy Spirit can get never an Heart to inhabit in never a Temple to fill with his Glory the holy Spirit would tabernacle with Men but what if the Iron-sinew in the Will will not come out What if the Stone in the heart will not break Then the holy Spirit is robbed of his Glory But is this so strange
God Tit. 2. 13. not an under subordinate God but over all God blessed for ever Rom. 9. 5. not a God by office but a Jehovah Jer. 23. 6. a God by nature though not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as to his Subsistence yet 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as to his Essence Gods name is in him Exod. 23. 21. One great Letter of that Name is Eternity and his going forth was from everlasting Mic. 5. 2. another is Immutability and he is yesterday to day and for ever the same Heb. 13. 8. another is Omniscience and he knoweth all things Joh. 21. 17. another is Omnipotence and he hath all the power in heaven and earth Matth. 28. 18. another is Immortality and he hath life in himself Joh. 5. 26. another is Immensity and he whilest on earth was in heaven Joh. 3. 13. and though long since ascended to heaven is still on earth Matth. 28. 20. All these golden Letters are graven on the Godhead and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 all the fulness of the Godhead dwells in him Col. 2. 9. all these shed forth a divine Glory and Majesty he is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the brightness of divine glory Heb. 1. 3. and what need we any more witnesses of his Deity His Name is wonderful Isai. 9. 6. far above all Creatures his Generation is unutterable being 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the proper Son of the Father Rom. 8. 32. not as Creatures made ex nihilo but as a proper Son begotten out of his very Substance his standing is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the essential form of God the very divine nature Phil. 2. 6. and his special Ubi there is the Fathers bosom Joh. 1. 18. and from thence together with him he breathes forth the holy Ghost His Works are divine and all one with the Fathers Joh. 5. 19. He sat in counsel with him in framing his Eternal Decrees and since wrought with him in making first a World of Creatures and then a Church of Saints and still he works with him in the preservation and gubernation of both Lastly his two Testaments which face each other as the Cherubims upon the Ark by their sweet glances and respective aspects upon each other do disclose his Deity For in the Old Testament 't is said that Jehovah brought Israel out of Egypt Exod. 20. 2. in the New Testament 't is said that Christ did it Jude 4. and 5. Ver. in the Old Jehovah circumcises the heart Deut. 30. 6. in the New Christ doth it Col. 2. 11. in the Old Jehovah poured out the Spirit Joel 2. 28. in the New Christ Acts 2. 33. in the Old every knee bowes to Jehovah Isai. 45. 23. in the New to Christ Rom. 14. 11. in the Old miracles were done in Jehovah's Name 2 Kings 2. 21. in the New in Christ's Acts 9. 34. in the Old Jehovah is the first and the last Isai. 44. 6. in the New Christ is Alpha and Omega Revel 1. 11. in the Old there is Deus absconditus Isai. 45. 15. in the New Deus manifestatus in carne 1 Tim. 3. 16. All which do most pregnantly prove the Deity of Christ unto us Nevertheless proud Reason will be babling How can the Father beget the Son ex propriâ Substantiâ Can any part of the Divine Essence be discinded in such a Generation Or if not can the whole be given to the Son And if so how is it retained to the Father I answer The Father gave unto the Son the whole Essence non alienatione sed communicatione non generatione emanante sed immanente the Father so begets the Son as that he still possesses him Prov. 8. 22. the Son so goes forth from the Father as that he still abides in him his eternal egress Micah 5. 2. is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 not by defluxion but immansion I am in the Father and the Father in me saith Christ Joh. 14. 10. Indeed if we speak accurately the Father begets the Son out of himself rather in Essentiâ divinâ than ex essentiâ divinâ Hence the entire Essence is in the Father and the entire Essence is in the Son too and what if it could not be thus in a finite Essence yet why may it not be so in an infinite What if Reason cannot fathom it must therefore Faith reject it I conclude then that Christ is very God and as God hath a right to redeem us his Creatures 2. Jus Idoneitatis as the Son of God he was most fit to be our Redeemer what can be more perfectly congruous than Reconciliation by God's beloved one Adoption by his Natural Son Reparation of his gracious Image by his substantial a shine of Favour by the brightness of his Glory beams of Light by his Wisdom Restitution of Life by the Prince of Life and Mediation between God and Man by the middle Person in the sacred Trinity There be three great goings forth of God into which all others may be resolved the first is that fundamental one of Creation and upon Sins Entry which is but an Apostasie from Creation in comes the second viz. Redemption and out of this as out of a Fountain flows the third and that is Sanctification these hang in order one upon another Unless there had been a Creature and that Apostate there had been no place for Redemption and unless there had been a Redemption there had been no room for Sanctification for God would never have reimplanted his Image of Holiness in a Creature left under the eternal stroke of his Justice nor have plucked away the spot of Sin there where the guilt of Sin is left behind Now albeit it is a most sure Rule that Opera Trinitatis ad extrà sunt indivisa yet among Divines Creation is in a sort peculiarized to the Father as the first Redemption to the Son as the second and Sanctification to the Spirit as the third Person in the Glorious Trinity Thus in these three goings forth of God each person in the Trinity hath his special Shine and that in the very Order of his Subsistence wherefore it was very congruous that the Son of all the Persons in the Trinity should be out Redeemer 3. Jus Conjunctionis he that redeems a Captive must be Persona conjunct a with him and so was Christ with us in a threefold respect 1. Conjunctione naturali he was our Goel Isai. 59. 20. that is our next kinsman by his Incarnation and our Redeemer by his Passion he assumed our Nature into himself that he might redeem us 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was made 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the great God a sucking Child regens Sydera yet sugens Ubera he that ruled the Stars sucked the Breasts The word was made flesh Joh. 1. 14. and a strange making it was all other Creations are as it were extra Deum but here was a Creation in the very person of God The glorious Trinity in the very instant of drawing the Humane Nature exnihilo interweaved
God meet us and commune with us in words of Grace we must thank the true Propitiatory or Mercy-seat for every syllable 2. Grace in the proper Seat or Receptacle of it is Christ's purchase and this I shall make out 1. In general Christ purchased the Spirit of all Grace There is a double Oblation of Christ a personal Oblation on the Cross and that is Moritum Spiritûs and a doctrinal Oblation in the Gospel and that is Ministerium Spiritûs and so the holy Ghost is shed on us abundantly through Jesus Christ Tit. 3. 6. Christ ascended up on high that he might fill things Eph. 4. 10. One would have thought that his descent should rather have done it but he ascended up in the glory of his Merits he carried up all the Purchase-money to his Fathers house and from thence the Spirit came pouring down upon men some droppings of it were before but then it was richly poured out it came down in cloven fiery tongues and a rushing mighty wind Acts 2. 2 3. Tongues to utter magnalia Dei and above all the master-piece of Redemption and cloven tongues to utter them to all Nations in their own Language and fiery tongues to enlighten and enflame the Auditors hearts with the knowledge and love of Christ and a mighty rushing wind to blow home that fire strongly and insuperably in a thorough Conversion and all this was shed forth from Christ Ver. 33. Never any Tongue truly preached Christ but by a secret touch from him never any holy fire kindled on the heart but by a coal from his Altar never any gales of Grace on the Soul but from the breathings of his Spirit not one drop of his Blood is spiritless but full fraught and flowing with the Spirit of Life 2. In particular and so Christ hath purchased three things 1. The Radical Grace of Faith 2. All other Graces of the Spirit 3. All the Crowns of these Graces 1. Christ hath purchased the Grace of Faith the Apostle is express in it To you it is given 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for Christ's sake not only to believe on him but also to suffer for his sake Phil. 1. 29. the Apostle evidently points out the merits of Christ as the spring of Faith and Faith persevering unto suffering And in another place he saith we joy in God through Jesus Christ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by whom we have now received the atonement Rom. 5. 11. he doth not only say that by and through him the Atonement was made but that by and through him the Atonement is received and what is this receiving of the Atonement but Faith it self That therefore is part of Christ's Purchase These express places might suffice us but because the Remonstrants oppose this Truth I shall propose two Quaeries unto them 1. Is not Faith comprized within the Covenant of Grace Let 's come to the Touch-stone Is it not written there I will give an heart to know me and is not Faith a justifying knowledge a sight of the just One and a beam or dawning of eternal life Is it not written there I will take away the heart of stone and is not Unbelief a part of that stone doth it not directly resist the Blood and Righteousness of Christ and can there be a worse Stone than this Is it not written there I will give a new heart and is not Unbelief the heart and life of the old Man and Faith of the new Is it not written there I will put my Spirit within you and is not the Spirit a spirit of faith and faith a fruit of the Spirit is not Unbelief of our Spirit and Faith of Gods Is it not written there I will circumcise the heart and is not Unbelief flesh God saith there is life in his Son and the Unbeliever saith No and does what in him lies to make God a lyar and can there be any filthier or rottenner flesh in the old man than this and unless this be cut off can there be a true Circumcision By all this it clearly appears that Faith is within the Covenant and if so is not the whole Covenant Sanctio à sanguine the New-testament in Christ's blood Is not he the Mediator and purchaser of the whole Are not all the Promises Yea and Amen in him Who dares distinguish and say Christ purchased part of the Promises and not all he purchased notional knowledge and not justifying he breaks the stone in the heart all but that which opposes his own Blood and Righteousness the old man is crucified with Christ all but his heart and life of Unbelief the Spirit of Grace flows out from Christ all but the Spirit of Faith the circumcision of Christ Col. 2. 11. so called because it is procured by the Merits and produced by the Spirit of Christ cuts off the flesh of the heart all but that of Unbelief which upbraids God with a lye who dares thus tear in sunder the Covenant mangle the Promises dimidiate Christ and divide the Spirit by unscriptural distinctions Such shuffling is unworthy of Christians Wherefore I conclude my first Quaere thus Faith is within the Covenant and the Covenant is Christ's purchase therefore Faith is such also 2. Is not Faith a Grace of the Spirit It seals to the Gospel sanctifies the heart works by Love waits by Patience overcomes the visible World and sensibly presentiates the invisible for shame let it be a Grace and if so it must be Christ's purchase The Spirit never effected that Grace in fallen Man which Christ never merited As every Creature in the World is of God's making so every Grace in the Church is of Christ's meriting He that saith Yonder is a precious Stone but 't is not of God's making blasphemes the Creator and he that saith Yonder is a precious Faith but 't is not of Christ's meriting does no less to the Redeemer But further Is not Faith the Grace of Union with Christ Doth not Christ dwell in the heart by faith Is not Faith the Mother-grace of all First Faith gives a touch to Christ and then Love is enflamed with him Joy triumphs in him and Obedience follows him Where do all the rivers of living water flow but in the Believers belly Joh. 7. 38 What holds all the starry Graces of the Church but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the firmament of faith as the Apostle calls it Col. 2. 5 Now will it not grate thine ears O Christian to hear that the Spirit of Holiness is from Christ but not the Spirit of Faith all the starry Graces are Christ's but the Firmament of Faith is our own we are blessed with all spiritual blessings in Christ but not with the Mother-grace which broods and teems out all the rest not with the Grace of Union which lies nearest to Christ eating his flesh and drinking his blood that Faith which is nearest to the Merits of Christ in its Union is furthest off from them in its Origination What is this but
redeem some from among men unless it merit for them that Faith which is the grand distinction between man and man in the matter of Salvation Christ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 purchased the church with his blood Acts 20. 28. and purchased it in a special manner hence 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a purchased people is not a title common to all but proper to the Church 1 Pet. 2. 9. God's Children lay scattered up and down the wide World and Christ died that he might gather them all together 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 into one one Faith here and one Glory hereafter Joh. 11. 52. If Christ had died so for all all should have come into the same Unity We find in Scripture many signal distinctions made among men there are some on whom God will have mercy and others whom he will harden Rom. 9. 18. some written in the Lambs book of life and others left out of it Rev. 13. 8. some given unto Christ Joh. 6. 36. and others â—eft to themselves some are Gods own jewels Mal. 3. 17. and others but as dross Now how incredible is it that Jesus Christ who came to do his Father's Will should in his Death respect those whom God will harden as much as those whom he will have mercy on those that are out of the Book of Life as much as those that are in it those that are left to themselves as much as those that are given to him and those that are the dross of the World as much as God's own Jewels Believe it who can 't is a monstrous Opinion worthy of nothing but exile from Christians Seeing God's Will hath so distinguished men it is no more possible that Christ should die alike for all than that he should dissent from his Father's Will which to do was his great errand in the World Christ suffered between two Thieves a Type of the Elect and Reprobate World but who dare say that he had as much respect to the one as to the other 2. I argue from the Covenant of Grace Christ is the Mediator of the Covenant and the Covenant is the New-testament in his blood as then the Covenant is more or less respective of men so the Mediator's Death is more or less respective of them There are in the Covenant two sorts of Promises the one general and conditional such are those Whosoever believes shall be saved Whosoever will may take of the water of life If any man come to Christ he will not cast him out the other special and absolute such are those I will circumcise thy heart to love me I will put my fear in their hearts I will take away the heart of stone and give an heart of flesh I will put my Spirit within you and cause you to walk in my statutes I will put my Laws in their mind and write them in their hearts and I will be to them a God and they shall be to me a people there is a vast difference between these Promises For 1. The general and conditional Promises are as it were the hands of the Covenant pointing out the true way and path leading to Salvation but the special and absolute Promises are as it were the Veins of the Covenant carrying in them the blood and spirit of life and power to enable us to walk in that way Here God himself engages to work all saving Graces in us Are our hearts hard he 'l roll away the stone from them do our hearts resist holy impressions he 'l give us hearts of flesh capable thereof are our hearts void of God's Law he will write it there and turn them into the Epistles of Christ and for the effectual doing hereof he will put his Spirit into us and as a real proof of it he will cause us to walk in his ways and in this Walk Love shall be the Motive for he will circumcise the heart to love him and Fear the Bridle for he will put his Fear in the heart never to depart from him and which is the Crown of all he himself will be a God to us and we shall be a people to him in an everlasting Covenant Stand still O Saints and adore here loe here is the ministration of the Spirit indeed 2 Cor. 3. 8. here are words which are spirit and life Joh. 6. 63. here is the supernal Jerusalem the mother of spiritual freedom Gal. 4. 26. here is the immortal seed which begets all the Sons of God 1 Pet. 1. 23. here is that Vis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or formative Virtue which moulds us into the divine nature 2 Pet. 1. 4. here is the day of God's power which makes his people willing to serve him in the beauties of holiness Psal. 110. 3. Happy yea thrice happy they who dwell in this Land of Promise and drink of these Wells of Salvation 2. The general and conditional Promises are extensive to all men but the special and absolute Promises respect the Elect and them only for they are fulfilled in them and them only had these extended to all that God who cannot lye nor deny himself would have fulfilled them in all You will say He would have fulfilled them in all but that men themselves will not But what a strange word is this they will not Will they not if God give them a Will a new heart and a new spirit Will they not if God take away the nilling and resisting Principle the heart of stone Will they not if God write his Laws in their hearts and inward parts O what is this but by an absurd Blasphemy to change God's Truth into a lye his Omnipotence into weakness and his Glory into the old broken Idol of Creature-freedom Surely if God who is Truth and Power engage to make a new Heart the old one cannot hinder it if he promise to remove Hardness Hardness cannot resist it if he say that he will write the Law in the Heart the Heart will not say Nay to his Almighty Fingers Seeing then these Promises are not fulfilled in all but in the Elect only I may safely affirm that they respect not all but the Elect only These things being so it appears how in what manner Christ's Death respects men even more or less as the Promises of the Covenant founded on his Blood do more or less respect them As the general Promises extend to all men so the Death of Christ the Mediator proportionably extends to them all and as the special Promises point only at the Elect so the Death of Christ the Mediator hath a peculiar respect to them Christ by his Death over and besides the general Promises founded those special Promises for the Elect hence they come to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 sons of promise Gal. 4. 28. begotten by it to spiritual life which others standing only under the general Promises are not All the saving Graces of the Elect suting to those special Promises are no other than the fruits of Christ's Merits they
are renewed with the renewings of the holy Ghost but that is shed on them through Jesus Christ they have the Law written in their hearts but that is the Epistle of Christ their filthy flesh is cut off from their hearts that they may love God who is a pure Spirit but this is the circumcision of Christ Col. 2. 11. In a word all the saving Graces of the Elect are as so many Legacies of the New-testament and the New-testament is founded in his Blood Wherefore it is clear from the Covenant of Grace and its special respect to the Elect that Christ died in a special and peculiar manner for them 3. I argue from the Issue of Christ Christ was to have a Seed and this I shall demonstrate three ways 1. From the Preciousness of his Blood 2. From the Purpose of his Father 3. From the Promise of his Father 1. From the Preciousness of his Blood That there should be a Laver made of God's Blood and never a Sinner washed in it that such a vast sum of precious Merits should be paid down and never a Captive released by it is to me no less than prodigious Blasphemy every little Grain in Nature doth confute it if that do but fall into the ground and die it bringeth forth much fruit and shall the Son of God bleed and die in his assumed Flesh and be fruitless God in his waky Providence gives to every little Seed his own body and shall the peerless Flower of Heaven sow his Blood and Righteousness and have none at all A Cup of cold water given in Charity shall in no wise lose its reward and can it be so with the Blood of Christ poured out in a transcendent excess of Love and glorified into an infinite Merit by his Deity When Christ fed the multitude but with Barley-loaves small Fishes nothing was lost and can all be lost when he makes a Feast of spiritual Marrow and Fatness and gives his Flesh to be meat indeed and his Blood to be drink indeed Oh! far be the thought from every Christian 2. From the Father's purpose which as the Scriptures hold forth clearly was that his Son should be a King a Captain a Shepherd an Husband an Head and a Father And what is a King without Subjects a Captain without Souldiers a Shepherd without a Flook an Husband without a Spouse an Head without a Body and a Father without Posterity Empty Names are below him whose name is above every name Wherefore this King must have a Sion a mountain of holiness to reign in Psal. 2. 6. this Captain a Militia an army with banners to fight under him Cant. 6. 4. this Shepherd a flock to hear his voice and follow him Joh. 10. 4. this Husband a spouse a Queen in Gold of Ophir maried to him Psal. 45. 9. this Head a body to be animated with his Spirit and filled with his life Col. 1. 18. and this Father a numerous issue begotten and brought forth into the spiritual World to honour and serve him Heb. 2. 13. 3. From the Father's Promise which was in terminis That he should have a seed Isai. 53. 10. a Seed begotten by his Spirit and by that Generation bearing his Image and in that Image serving of him and to make it sure God engages by special Promises to take away the stony Heart to write the Law there to put his holy Spirit into them and so infallibly to raise up a seed to him and for the continuance of this Seed successively 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 filiabitur nomen ejus his name shall be sonned or childed from generation to generation Psal. 72. 17. The special Promises shall be ever budding and blossoming and bringing forth the fruits of Grace thus Christ shall see of the travel of his soul and be satisfied Isai. 53. 11. and as a sign of this Satisfaction he breaks out Behold I and the Children which God hath given me Heb. 2. 13. Should he miss but one of his Seed or Children his Heart would not rest or be satisfied for they are in a peculiar manner the travel of his Soul But now if Christ died alike or equally for all what becomes of his precious Blood How can the Purpose and Promise of God stand Which way shall Christ have a Seed Shall his Seed be begotten out of Man's Will No such Generation ever was there Joh. 1. 13. 'T is not of him that willeth Rom. 9. 16. Nothing less than the holy Spirit which formed Christ in the Womb can form him in the Heart but shall they be begotten by the holy Spirit That Spirit doth nothing in the work of Regeneration but what Christ merited in his Passion every new Creature which is efficiently begotten by the Spirit was first meritoriously begotten by the Death of Christ or else it would not be the Seed of Christ at least not the travel of his Soul Now Christ did not travel or merit for all men that they should be begotten again by the holy Ghost for then either all would be so begotten which Experience denies or else the Merit and Travel of Christ must be lost which the preciousness thereof abhorrs And if Christ did not merit it for all then neither did he if he died alike for all merit it for any and how then shall he have a Seed His Seed must be begotten by the Spirit and the Spirit begets no new Creatures but what Christ merited and Christ dying equally for all did not merit such a thing for any because not for all Moreover when God promised Christ a Seed either the meaning of that Promise was that some men should become his Seed or that all should be so if that some then Christ died not equally for all if that all then all must be begotten by the Spirit and renewed after Christ's Image the Stone must be cut out of every heart and the Law written there for in these things is the very spirit and life of Regeneration But seeing these things are not wrought in all it appears that the promised Seed is not all but some for whom Christ merited the very work of Regeneration 4. I argue from the Working of the holy Spirit As the holy Spirit eternally procedes from the Father and the Son in his personal Subsistence so he goes forth in time from the Father and the Son in his working in Men. Hence he is called the Spirit of the Father and the Spirit of the Son the Father sends him and the Son sends him and as the holy Spirit works in Men from the Father and the Son so he works in them more or less as the Love of the Father and the Merits of the Son do more or less respect them The Father doth in some sort love and the Son did in some sort die for all men Hence the holy Spirit hath some workings in the Non-elect Within the Church many of them taste the Powers of the World to come nay in the Pagan-world
the holy Spirit drops some moral Vertues and Beams of light from whence have issued many excellent Sayings some of which the holy Spirit hath so far owned as to quote them in his own Book But the Father doth in a special manner love and the Son did in a special manner die for the Elect. Hence proportionably the holy Spirit works in them after more glorious strains of Power and Grace as a Spirit of Grace and Supplication he melts them into Repentance as a Spirit of Faith he makes them catch hold upon Christ for Righteousness and Life as a Spirit of Wisdom he unveils their hearts and makes the Light to shine out of Darkness as a Spirit of Liberty he unshackles and unbinds their Wills and makes them free indeed in the ways of God and as a Spirit of Truth and Holiness he leads them into Truth and by inward Law-engravings moulds and changes them into it Moreover the holy Spirit after such glorious workings on them comes and dwells in them and that intimately in the very secrets of their hearts 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 I will indwel in them saith he 2 Cor. 6. 16. there are two in 's to denote an intimate inhabitation as if God could never be near enough to them As in Christ Personal who is the Head there is God in the flesh by an hypostatical Union so in Christ Mystical which is the Body there is God in the Flesh by a gracious Inhabitation and to shew that he is there he cries Abba Father in their Devotions he is a Spirit of Love in their charities a Spirit of Power in their infirmities a Spirit of Comfort in their distresses and a Spirit of Glory in their sufferings Seeing then the holy Spirit who works in men more or less according to the Fathers Love and Sons Merits works in such a special way in the Elect 't is as clear as if it were written with a Sun-beam that the Father loves them and the Son died for them in a special way Hence we find these three folded and wrapt up together by the Apostle Elect according to the foreknowledge of the Father through sanctification of the Spirit and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ 1 Pet. 1. 2. And again The Grace of our Lord Jesus Christ the love of God and the communion of the holy Ghost be with you all 2 Cor. 13. 14 If the Father's Love and the Son's Blood had respected all men as much as the Elect doubtless the holy Spirit who in Subsistence procedes and in Operations works from them both would have converted all as well as the Elect why then are not all men actually converted Is it because the holy Spirit works not equally in all or because the holy Spirit is resisted in some Is it because the holy Spirit works not equally in all I answer That the Spirit is sent forth from the Father and the Son and works exactly according as it is sent the inward impulsive Cause of pouring out the Spirit is the Father's Love and the outward meritorious cause of it is the Son's Blood Wherefore if the Father equally love all and the Son equally died for all the Spirit works equally in all for there can be no breach in the sacred Trinity Or is it because the Spirit is resisted in some I answer Their resistance is a grand Obstacle to the work but if the Spirit did roll away the Stone and new-mould the Heart and work the Will in all as he doth in the Elect that Obstacle would at last be removed out of the way 5. I argue from the Blessings purchased Christ's Death is more or less respective of men as it is more or less procurative of Blessings for them Christ purchased a Salvability for all but over and besides he purchased many choice Blessings for the Elect he purchased Repentance for them for he is a prince and a saviour to give repentance to Israel Acts 5. 31. He purchased a room for Repentance even for all men but he purchased Repentance it self for his chosen Israel he purchased Faith for them Unto you it is given for Christs sake to believe in him Phil. 1. 29. For others he purchased a ground-work for Faith but for them he purchased the very Grace of Faith he purchased effectual Vocation for them others have a Call by the Gospel but these have a Call by the Gospel coming in power and in the holy Ghost and in much assurance he purchased Holiness and Sanctification for them Indeed there is no man living on the Earth but if he did really believe he should have the rivers of living water the Spirit of holiness flowing in his heart Joh. 7. 38. but the Elect were destined and chosen in Christ to be holy Eph. 1. 4. and Christ sanctified himself in a special manner for them that they might be sanctified 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in truth actually truly Joh. 17. 19. Lastly he purchased Heaven and Glory for them others may have Heaven upon believing but these shall certainly arrive at it these are the sheep to which Christ gives eternal life Joh. 10. 28. these are the sons which without fail shall be brought to Glory Heb. 2. 10. Now seeing Christ purchased so many Blessings for the Elect 't is evident he died for them in a special way 6. I argue from the Intercession of Christ. Christ intercedes for men more or less proportionably as he more or less respected them in his Death for his Death is the foundation of his Intercession the very same Blood of Christ which as shed on Earth made Satisfaction as presented in Heaven makes Intercession Now how far doth Christ intercede in Heaven What doth his Blood speak there For all men it speaks thus Father let them all be saved on Gospel-terms but for the Elect it speaks thus Father let them have Repentance this the Apostle hints out Him hath God exalted with his right hand to be a prince a saviour to give repentance to Israel Acts 5. 31. Israels Repentance on Earth comes from Christ exalted in Heaven for there he intercedes for it by his Merits and from thence he works it by his Spirit Again it speaks for them thus Father let them be made a willing people this I gather from the 110. Psalm where we find Christ sitting at the right hand of God Ver. 1. and sitting there he intercedes for us and from this Session and Intercession comes forth a willing people Ver. 3. Here 's the true original of spiritual willingness the right Hand of God which is a right Hand of Power works it in our Hearts and works it at the instance of Christ who sits and intercedes there for it Again it speaks for them thus Father sanctifie them with thy Grace preserve them with thy Power and crown them with thy Glory in Heaven Thus Christ in his sweet Prayer a little before his bitter Passion interceded for them for their Sanctification Sanctifie them
his own way Unto which I answer two things 1. That God hath set such a Law or Rule unto himself That Believers and those only should be the object of his Election is utterly untrue for then all Infants dying such because no Believers must be out of the Sphear of Election and by consequence out of the Sphear of Salvation also unless which is very strange we could imagine those to be actually saved whom yet God never elected or decreed to save Neither is there any such Law or Rule manifested in the Gospel there God's Will is thus set forth Whosoever believes shall be saved which imports that Believers are the objects of Salvation but not in the least that they are the objects of Election It is written in the Gospel Relieve and thou shalt be saved but in what Gospel is it written Believe and thou shalt be Elected 2. That Law or Rule if supposed doth not answer the Argument for still as to particular Election God is under the pre-determining Will of Man If that say Nay God shall have never a chosen Vessel in all the World to fill with Grace and Glory and how then is he the great Agent in Election Solomon set a Law or Rule to Shimei That if he passed over Kidron he should die for it he passes over and dies What now was the chief cause of his death Solomon's Law or Execution or else Shimei's passage Clearly it was Shimei's own Act Solomon was but as a Legislator Pariratione If God set a Law or Rule that Believers should be elected if a man believe and be elected that which chiefly determines the business is not God's first Law or after Choice but Man's Faith God is no Agent therein but as a mere Legislator So naturally do the Remonstrant Principles run out into that of Theophylact 'T is God's part to call but Man's to be elect or not which Principles must be renounced or else God cannot be owned as the Great Agent in Election And here a three-fold Enquiry offers it self 1. What the things themselves are 2. In what Order these are designed 3. In what manner these are designed 1. What the things themselves are These are Grace and Glory or Faith and Salvation 1 Grace is designed hence we are said to be called according to purpose Rom. 8. 28. and chosen that we should be holy Eph. 1. 4. Do we see a Saint in his spiritual Glory clothed with Humility arrayed with Righteousness girt with Truth his Eyes flowing with repentant Tears his Heart burning with holy Love and his Hands laden with good Works All these were prepared in Eternal Election as well as wrought by the Holy Spirit in Time there was Decretum Dei in the foreordaining as well as Digitus Dei in the forming of them Thus shall it be done to the man whom the King of Heaven will honour In Election there is a designing of Grace nay all Grace Faith it self not excepted The Remonstrants shut out Faith from this design in as much as they pre-require Faith thereunto But how unscriptural is this Paul was chosen to know God's will Acts 22. 14. not to a bare notional Knowledge but to a saving practical one such as justifies Isai. 53. 11. such as is Eternal life Joh. 17. 3. which must needs include Faith The Apostle calls Faith the faith of Gods elect Tit. 1. 1. If Faith had been precedent to Election he would have told us that Election is of Believers but because it is consequent he saith that Faith is of the Elect. And how irrational is it also Election is a design of secretion it is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a chusing or singling out of some to Grace and Glory the Elect are said to be chosen out of the world Joh. 15. 19. and chosen unto God Acts 9. 15. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith Christ thine they were Joh. 17. 6. thine in a select peculiar manner and Faith is the choice and prime Grace of secretion it is not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of all 2 Thess. 3. 2. If all men did believe without any 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or difference the Righteousness of God would be upon them all Rom. 3. 22. the Rivers of living Water would flow in them all Joh. 7. 38. but Faith is not of all whereby it appears that of all inherent Graces Faith firstly and properly makes the secretion Now that such a prime Grace of secretion as Faith should not be decreed in suoh a great design of secretion as Election seems to me incongruous even to absurdity If Faith go before Election then how doth God chuse them out of the World who by Faith are out of it already How doth he chuse them unto himself who by Faith are his own before If Man's Will in believing make the first and proper secretion then God's Will hath no room to make one by electing wherefore if we will allow God his choice indeed we must confess Faith it self to be designed in Election 2. Glory is designed in Election we are chosen to Salvation 2 Thess. 2. 13. and before prepared to glory Rom. 9. 23. the Names of the Elect are written in heaven and registred in the Book of life All the glory above rayes out of the bosom of Election and every Crown of bliss is set on by God's good pleasure 2. In what order are these things designed No doubt by one pure simple Act in God But what is our most congruous conception thereof Some Divines assert that God first decreed Salvation and then Faith Salvation is the end and therefore first Faith the means and therefore last in God's intention But this Reason is not cogent for neither can any thing in the Creature no not its utmost perfection such as Salvation is be God's end all whose Decrees do circulate into himself Neither if it were such should God therefore will it in the first place and in order before Faith for he wills the End and Means with one simple Act. Excellent is that of Aquinas Sicut Deus uno actu omnia in essentia sua intelligit it a uno actu omnia in sua bonitate vult Unde sicut in Deo intelligere causam non est causa intelligendi effect us sed ipse intelligit effect us in causa it a velle finem non est ei causa volendi ea quae sunt ad finem sed tamen vult ea quae sunt ad finem ordinari ad finem Vult ergo hoc esse propter hoc sed non propter hoc vult hoc Other Divines conceive thus That God first decrees Faith and then Salvation and that upon this account Such and in such order as God in time doth save such and in the very same order doth God in Eternity decree to save But God in time doth save only Believers therefore God in Eternity did decree to save only Believers that is such as were so considered by him and so considered by him they
How could God foreknow that is fore-love them who loved him before If they loved first the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 must out it is not Pre-dilection but Post-dilection It remains then that they did believe and love consequently to God's Election and by a divine influence from thence But to go on What is the Predestination here but to a Conformity to the Image of Christ And are Sufferings all the Image of Christ Are and Glory no part thereof What Divine will not blush to say so And how then is not Predestination to these But if Sufferings were all Christ's Image yet are all Sufferings his Image What if they be mere Sufferings such as have no tincture of Faith and Holiness upon them Are these his Image also If not the Predestination to his Image must include in it a Predestination to Faith and Holiness And what is the Calling following upon Predestination Is it a Calling to Sufferings Such a Calling uses to be particularly expressed Hereunto were you called saith St. Peter 1 Pet. 2. 21. and We are appointed hereunto saith S. Paul 1 Thess. 3. 3. But where in all the Scripture doth the word Calling being put absolutely and without such addition ever signifie a Call to Sufferings 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 we meet with therein but not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Wherefore the Calling is to Faith and Holiness And what is the Justification which hangs upon Calling If the Calling be to Sufferings are they not justified before that Calling No doubt they are in the instant of believing and how then is Calling set first and Justification last You 'l say this place speaks not of the Justification of their persons but of the Approbation of their cause And where in all this Epistle is the word justifie so taken And why so here Lastly the Called are Justified and the Justified Glorified saith the Apostle And are all those which are called to Sufferings Justified and Glorified The experience of thousands denies it You 'l say they are all justified and glorified if they bear the Cross with Faith and Patience But who dares add an it to Gods Word and in this Text to the two links and not to the former The Apostle faith expresly whom he did Predestinate them he also Called and whom he Called them he also Justified and whom he Justified them he also Glorified In the Original the words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 fasten every link to its precedent and that with appropriation to the very same persons 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 fastens Calling to Predestination and Justification to Calling and Glorification to Justification and the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 appropriates all throughout the whole chain to the same persons If therefore any person predestinated or called within this Text be not also justified and glorified the chain is broken and the truth of the Text cannot for ought I see be salved Wherefore I conclude that this Text doth not treat of Predestination and Calling to Sufferings notwithstanding which many fall short of Justification and Glorification but of Predestination and Calling to Grace and Glory such as doth infallibly bring them to Justification and Glorification God's Electing mercy towards his chosen ones is sure and unfailable before they had any being free Grace embraced them in an Eternal Decree and laid them in its bosom and when they left the Common Nullity and in the first moment of their Being lay in the blood of their natural enmity and iniquity free Grace would not pass them by but there must be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as the Sept. hath it Ezek. 16. 8. a time for love to let out and dissolve it self in gracious operations to cast its skirt over them wash them in the blood of the Covenant anoint them with the holy Spirit and put a Chain of Graces about their necks And after all this when their Faith wavers like a Wave of the Sea his Faithfulness is as a Mountain of Brass when their Love cools and slacks his Love is ever the same and inflames theirs afresh when their Holiness is full of Creature-weakness and impersection there are with him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 holy Mercies and Compassions which never fail when they sin and go on frowardly in the way of their hearts yet he will see their way and heal them as the Expression is Isai. 57. 18. How many millions of times after their Conversion might he have seen their way and damned them but because of his unchangeable Love he will see their way and heal them His Covenant is as the Waters of Noah Isai. 54. 9. When they sin again and again yet his pardoning Mercy and healing Grace will never suffer them to lie under water nor the deluge of sin to overwhelm them for ever In a word his Electing Love never leaves off till it hath lodged them safe in Heaven Thus the Foundation of God standeth sure and the Election infallibly obteineth Grace and Glory 3. To whom are these things designed I answer in two things 1. These are designed to some certain individual persons 2. These certain individual persons are considered as lying in the Mass of perdition 1. These are designed to some certain individual persons The Lord knoweth them that are his 2 Tim. 2. 19. Their names are all down in the Book of life Phil. 4. ◠he called them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by name Joh. 10. 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith God to Ananias this individual persons this very Paul who but now was breathing out blood against tho Church this is a vessel of Election Acts 9. 15. The Elect are a determinate number What else were the 7000. which bowed not to Baal 1 Kings 19. 18 What the 144000. which were sealed in their foreheads Rev. 7. 4 If there were no set number why are they called a remnant according to the election of Grace Rom. 11. 5 What remnant can there be unless made up of individual persons What Election but of such A chusing or singling out if not of individuals is no chusing or singling out at all And this is one remarkable difference between the Will of God's Complacence and the Will of his Benevolence the Will of his Complacence is properly respective of Graces and that where-ever those Graces are without any distinction of persons in every nation he that feareth God and worketh righteousness is accepted with him saith St. Peter Act. 10. 35. If Cain do well shall he not be accepted If a Judas believe shall he not be justified Without any 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the righteousness of God is upon all them that believe Rom. 3. 22. His pleasure is in them that fear him Psal. 147. 11. A good man where-ever he be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 draws out favour or complacence from the Lord Prov. 12. 2. And the reason is because this Will of Complacence issuing out of his perfect Sanctity cannot but embrace his Image where-ever he finds it but the Will of Benevolence
payment from another wherefore Christ's Blood and Righteousness are meritorious as for us not merely by their intrinsecal dignity but by the divine acceptation God receiving them as on our behalf Whence it clearly appears that the divine Will doth guide the Merit of Christ in all its procurements and how then doth the Merit of Christ guide the divine Will in its eternal Election Can it guide its Guide Can it go before its Leader Surely that divine Will which goes before those meritorious procurements by its Acceptation doth not follow after them in its eternal Decrees 5. The Father is the first Person in the sacred Trinity and works from himself the Son is the second and works from the Father Thus he tells us that he can do nothing of himself but what he seeth the Father do Joh. 5. 19. And in his Prayer to his Father he saith Thine they were and thou gavest them me Joh. 17. 6. Thine they were by Election and thou gavest them me as the peculiar purchase of my Passion But now if Christ by his Merits do found the very Decree of Election is not the Order of working in the sacred Trinity inverted Is not the Son the first Origine of our Salvation Doth not the Father even in his Eternal Election work from the Son Might not the Scripture rather have said that the Elect were given by the Son to the Father than by the Father to the Son Wherefore to me it seems most congruous to say That the Fathers Love laid the first plot of our Salvation and then the Sons Blood purchased Grace and Glory for us I shall shut up all with an Answer to an Objection This Thesis that Christ did not merit the Decree of Election seems to abase Christ as if he were a mere medium for the executing of Election nay to nullifie his Merits for it supposes that God doth amare peccatores ad salutem etiam extra Christum that God doth destinate eternal Life to them even without a Mediator and then what necessity is there at all of Christ's Merits I answer Far be it from every Christian to abase and nullifie the Merits of Christ but as I take it the Thesis aforesaid doth neither of these Not abase Christ as a mere medium under the Decree of Election for though he merited not the Decree of Election yet must his praise be ever glorious and his Name above every name in that he is both the glorious Head of the Elect and the meritorious Fountain of all the blessings and good things of Election In Eternity the Elect are predestinated to be conformed to his Image as the first-born of all and in time they are called justified sanctified and glorified in and through him as the purchaser of all Neither doth he vilifie Christ who calls him the grand Medium for the executing of Election the Apostle cries up Christ by those glorious Titles The head of the Church the beginning the first-born from the dead one who hath the primacy or preeminence in all things Col. 1. 18. yet immediatly after puts all under the Father's 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ver. 19. His Decree or good pleasure did preordain and direct all Neither doth this Thesis nullifie the Merits of Christ for these consist not in procuring the Decree of Election but in procuring Grace and Glory and these he procured though not the Decree it self Neither doth it at all follow that if Christ merited not the very Decree then God doth amare peccatores ad salutem extra Christum or destinate Eternal life to them without a Mediator For seeing Christ is predestinated to be the Head of the Elect and Fountain of all Grace and Glory unto them and the Elect are predestinated to be the Body of Christ and to receive all Grace and Glory in and through him and both these Predestinations are simultaneous in the heart of God and framed together in the same instant of Eternity There is not nor cannot be any colour at all to say that God doth love sinners extra Christum or destinate Eternal life to them without a Mediator When God in free Election resolves with himself such individual persons shall by an effectual Call be united to Christ as members of his Body and being such shall be washed in his blood filled with his Spirit and at last crowned with his everlasting Salvation when he resolves every grain shall come through Joseph's hands every particle of Grace every income of the holy Spirit every glimpse of Divine Favour every beam of glory in Heaven shall pass through Jesus Christ's hands nay through his very Heart-blood and crucified Flesh unto the Elect Doth he now love them extra Christum Doth he yet destinate them to Eternal life without a Mediator Undoubtedly he doth not If therefore you ask me what necessity there is of Christs merits I must answer That all Grace and Glory Sanctity and Salvation Faith and Fruition are thereby purchased and procured for the Elect. The pure fountain of Election rises of it self in the Will of God but the gracious streams thereof issue forth through the bleeding Wounds of Christ. CHAP. V. Of Gods Decree of Reprobation as touching Men. HAving treated of the Decree of Election as respective of men I proceed to the Decree of Reprobation as it relates to them In the Old Testament we find 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is opposite to 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the Septuagint rendred by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and importing as much as reprobare to reprobate or reject In the New Testament we have 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 importing a rejectaneous or disallowed person and rather pointing out man's State than God's Act. But to pass over the word Reprobation is that Eternal Decree of God whereby he purposes in himself not to give Grace and Glory to some individual persons lying in the Mass of Humane Corruption but to leave them to final sin and for the same to punish them with Eternal Damnation In this Decree the Divine Will hath as I may so say a Triple Act For 1. It purposes not to give Grace and Glory to some persons and this is called among Divines Preterition or Non-election and is of all other the most proper act of Reprobation as it stands in opposition to Election Hence Reprobates are called the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 rest or residue in opposition to the Elect Rom. 11. 7. the nunquam noti or never known Matth. 7. 23. in opposition to the foreknown and the not written in the book of life Revel 13. 8. in opposition to the written ones whose names are enrolled in Heaven 2. It purposes to leave them to final sin I say final sin for God permits sin even in the Elect but final sin only in the Reprobate Thus God suffered the Nations to walk in their own ways Acts 14. 16. and thereby gave them pereundi licentiam Thus he hardneth whom he will Rom. 9. 18. and hardening in
filthiness Ezek. 24. 13. If he would gather and men are not gathered 't is because they will not Matth. 23. 37. If he spread out his hands and men come not in 't is because they are rebellious Isai. 65. 2. If he be patient and long-suffering and they repent not 't is because of their hardness and impenitent heart Rom. 2. 5. The Apostle calls the heretical Seducers in his time 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 such as did turn or transfer the grace of God from its true end or scope Jud. ver 4. And what those Seducers did doctrinally that do all sinners practically so far forth as they live under the means and turn not they do thereby transfer and remove the means from their genuine end 3. God doth by a formal Decree will the Means with their tendencies All Ordinances are sealed by the Divine Will and go out in its name and are what they are from its Ordination Without this Means are no longer Means but mere empty names and vain shadows 4. Out of God's formal Decree of the Menas doth result his Virtual Will of mens Conversion That God who doth formally will the means with their tendencies even unto Reprobates doth virtually will their Conversion as the true scope and end of those Means Hence 't is said that Christ would have gathered the unbelieving Jews Matth. 23. 37. and God would have all men to be saved 1 Tim. 2. 4. viz. in respect of his Virtual or Ordinative Will Hence God is brought in wishing Oh! that there were such an heart in them Deut. 5. 29. Oh! that thou hadst hearkened to my commandments Isai. 48. 18. And what are these wishes Surely all the diffusions of Light promulgations of Laws expansions of Gospel Grace waitings of divine Patience and strivings of the holy Spirit are as I may so say God's O's after Conversion in as much as they have a tendency thereunto and God in willing that tendency doth virtually will mens return also Excellent is that of learned Ames Deus eminenter virtuali quâdam ratione eatenus vult salutem hominum quatenus vocat ipsos ad salutem Thus with this Virtual Will God doth will the Conversion of Reprobates But then you 'l say If so God's Will is frustrated for Reprobates are never actually converted I answer That God's Formal Decree is only of the Means with their tendencies and therefore is not frustrated but fulfilled in the actual exhibition of such Means And God's Virtual Will though it be of the Conversion of Reprobates yet in their Non-conversion is not frustrated because it is not an absolute but conditional Will nisi per ipsos steterit unless their own voluntary corruption do impede the Effect which in Reprobates it always doth But you 'l yet reply Then God's Will is conditional and by consequence imperfect To which I answer with the Judicious Bishop Davenant That Volitions merely conditional agree not with the perfection of the Divine Nature for that were to suspend God's Will for a time and then post purificatam conditionem to make it become absolute But mixtly-conditional Volitions that is such as are grounded on some absolute Decree may be allowed As for Example that mixt conditional Decree That if Cain or Judas believe they shall be saved is grounded on that absolute Decree that whosoever believes shall be saved Now this Virtual Will of the Conversion of Reprobates is not purely conditional but mixtly conditional for it results out of God's absolute Decree of the Means with their tendencies Wherefore notwithstanding these Objections I conclude That God doth virtually will the Conversion of Reprobates so far forth as the Means have a tendency thereunto These things being thus laid down I conceive that the thing decreed in Preterition or Non-election is the not giving or working saving Grace or thorough Conversion in Reprobates in such a sure and insuperable way as in the Elect. Reprobates have not such intimate in-shining efficacious drawing Law-engraving and heart-opening and melting Grace as the Elect. And this not giving or working Conversion in such a way clashes with neither of the aforesaid Wills Not with the Will of Complacence for still if a Reprobate did turn or convert he should be accepted with God nor yet with the Virtual or Ordinative Will of God for still Means are Means and Ordinances are Ordinances and their true end and tendency is to turn men unto God I say their true end for there is a vast difference between an infallible Ordination of means for the working of Conversion in men and a true Ordination of Means for the same purpose As to the Elect there is an infallible Ordination of Means thereunto and as to the Reprobate there is a true though not infallible Ordination of the same The perfection of the Non-elect Angels was truly ordinated to their Perseverance but not infallibly The integrity of Adam in innocency was truly ordinated to his continuance in Obedience but not infallibly Wherefore Non-election or Preterition though it stand not in conjunction with an infallible Ordination yet it carries no contradiction to a true Ordination of the Means Notwithstanding the Decree of Non-election or Preterition God may still expostulate with a Reprobate as the Apostle did with the Galatians Quis te impedivit Who hindred you from obeying the truth Gal. 5. 7 Have you not had many awakenings of Conscience thundrings from the fiery Law wooeings from the gracious Gospel strivings from the holy Spirit and long waitings of infinite Patience and Forbeance and all these to draw you to Repentance And what hindred you from turning unto me What but your own perverse rebellious heart How often have I called and you would not hear knocked and you would not open moved and you would not stir offered Christ and Heaven and you would not accept And why would you not Let Conscience say if it were not for some base indulged lust which when I had searched after you have hid it in the secret of your heart when I have stript and laid it naked before you you have sewed Fig-leaves and covered it when I would have slain and crucified it you have spared it and laid it in your bosom Well I can truly say Perditio tua ex te thy destruction is from thy self alone 't is not because thou hadst no means of Grace 't is not because those Means were not ordinated to thy Conversion 't is not because thy Conversion should not have been accepted with me no 't is merely from thy voluntary corruption 2. Another thing decreed in preterition is the not-giving of Glory unto Reprobates But this is not such a not-giving as if God would upon no terms at all give Glory unto them No for the Promise Whosoever believeth shall be saved doth both import God's Will and extend in general to all Reprobates as well as others but it is a not-giving Glory to them in such a sure infallible way as to the Elect. Heaven is
seriously offered to the Reprobates and offered upon the very same terms as to the Elect but here lies the difference God gives special Effectual Grace to the Elect cloaths them in the fine linnen of righteousness makes them meet for the inheritance in light Col. 1. 12. works them for this very thing 2 Cor. 5. 5. and at last causes them to arrive safe at Heaven But thus he deals not with Reprobates for he leaves them without that Effectual Grace which infallibly leads to Glory 2. As to the second Act of Reprobation viz. the permission of final sin the thing decreed is double 1. The permission of sin in Reprobates 2. The permission of the Finality of sin 1. The permission of sin in them is decreed Now what is this permission 'T is not an Ethical permission as if they might sin by a Law for this were to unsin sin 'T is not a mere dreaming Speculation as the sleeper suffered Tares among the Wheat for divine Providence never slumbers nor sleeps 'T is neither a simple Volition for then God would hinder sinful actions from coming into being nor yet a simple Volition for then God should be the Cause and Author of sin 'T is not such a permission of sin as if Reprobates had no remora's at all in their sinning for every beam of Light item in Conscience rod of Affliction striving of the holy Spirit and particle of holy Means is a kind of impediment cast in their perverse way But Permission is an Act of Providence issuing forth from God not as he is a righteous Legislator but as he is the supreme Rector and Provisor moderating in all Events Hence the Scripture owns God's mission in Joseph's sale Gen. 45. 5. Gods commission in Ahab's seduction 1 Kings 22. 22. God's bidding in Shimei's Cursing 2. Sam. 16. 11. and God's hand and counsel in Christ's crucifixion Acts 4. 28. More particularly 't is such an Act of Providence as carries with it First an Administration of such objects and circumstances which are good in themselves yet occasionally like Achan's golden Wedge draw out mens corruption into act Then a suspension or nondonation of such Grace and Means as would effectually and de facto prevent the commission of sin Next an actual concurrence of the Holy One to the Material Act or Entity of sin though not in the least Measure to the anomy or sinfulness thereof And withal a bounding sin in its measure and duration and ordering sin to his own Glory Thus God permits sin and permits it Volent for none will say that he doth it Nolent therefore all must say that he doth it Volent And in all this neither can the Reprobate ery out of hard measure for in the same manner God permits the sins of the Elect Nor can the least blot light upon the holy One for which of all these may he not justly do May not he marshal objects Then he may do nothing in his own World Not so much as proclaim his Law for sin will take occasion thereby No nor his Gospel neither for Grace will be turned into wantonness May not he suspend his Efficacious Grace Then Grace is not his own but if it be by what Law is he bound to give it If there be no such Law why may he not suspend it But if there be how can he permit sin seeing he is bound to give such Grace as will actually prevent it But you 'l say Permission is no such suspension of Grace but a leaving a man in manu consilii sui a dimission of him to his own Genius and free Will if so then how doth God hinder sin Doth he in hindring sin offer violence to man's Liberty as in permitting it he leaves him thereunto Surely if God hinder it it must be by some kind of Grace or other and therefore if he permit it it must be by some suspension of Grace or not at all But to go on May not he concurr to the Material Act of sin Then how much Motion is there independent from the first Mover How much Entity is there independent from the Being of Belings May not also the great Clock of the World stand alone without the Everlasting Arms and all the Creature-wheels therein go alone without any touch of Providence Lastly If God did not bound sin would not that Moral Monster soon devour all Religion and Humanity And if he did not order it to his own Glory how should Light come out of Darkness and Order out of Confusions In a word God in great Wisdom permits the folly of sin in providential power the weakness thereof and in unspotted purity the pollutions thereof 2. The second thing decreed is the permission of sins Finality and this is the Critical difference between the Elect and Reprobate God permits sin in the Elect but sins Finality only in the Reprobate Now how doth God permit sin's Finality but by that blinding and hardning of Reprobates which is so frequent in Scripture But how doth he blind and harden them Not by infusing the least drop of malice into their hearts No darkness may sooner issue from the Sun than blindness from the Father of Lights and drought may sooner issue from the Sea than hardness from the Father of Mercies but he doth it in a double manner 1. Deserendo or by way of Negation Dicitur Deus saith St Austin excaecare quando non illuminat indurare quando non emollit Every Reprobate is born with a Veil upon his Eyes and a Stone in his heart and in that condition God leaves him not imparting to him such enlightning and mollifying Grace as he doth unto the Elect. Not such enlightning Grace and hence Reprobates are called blinded ones Rom. 11. 7. nor such mollifying Grace and hence they are called hardened ones Rom. 9. 18. In this Negative blinding and hardening doth properly and formally consist the Permission of final sin For as God doth impede Final sin in the Elect by irradiating and softning them by his Grace so he doth permit Final sin in the Reprobate by not irradiating and softning them thereby 2. Judicando or by way of penal infliction After many rebellions against light God at last gives men up to a reprobate mind void of all spiritual judgment to a fat heart void of all spiritual sense to a spirit of slumber such as wakes not under the loud calls and roaring judgments of Heaven to a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a brawny hardness and sensless obduration such as feels nothing no not the weighty mountains of sin and wrath lying on the soul. And this he doth partly by a tradition to Satan who rules in darkness and hardness and hath a wonderful art to promote and aggravate both these in the children of disobedience partly by a giving them up to their own lusts which are the most intimate Devils of all and by degrees put out the eyes and obstinate the hearts of men partly by presenting such objects as occasionally
intrinsecal merit of Sin and paid only to a final Sinner therefore the consideration of final sin is a prerequisite to the Decree of Damnation without that consideration I see not how it can be decreed as Wages But you 'l say Is not Eternal Life also a Reward of Faith and Holiness and how then can that be decreed as a Reward without a preconsideration of these I answer Eternal Life is a Reward but 't is a Reward of pure Grace 't is Grace upon Grace glorifying Grace upon sanctifying therefore to the Decreeing thereof as a Reward it suffices that it be decreed to Believers and Saints Not Believers and Saints so preconsidered to that Decree for Grace and Glory being both mere gifts and gifts of immediate contact are comprized in one Decree but Believers and Saints so to be made by force of that Decree and so to be made before they wear the Crown This is enough in the decreeing of a Reward so purely gratuitous But in Eternal Death there is nothing at all gratuitous all is mere wages and pay for Sin Sin doth really and intrinsecally merit it Wherefore Eternal death as such wages is decreed only to final Sinners Not final Sinners so to be made by force of God's Decree for that makes no man a final Sinner but final Sinners so preconsidered to the Decree of Damnation for without that preconsideration it is not as I conceive decreeable as wages or pay due unto them To shut up this point in a word Reprobation as to the Decree of Preterition and Permission respects men as lapsed Sinners and as to the Decree of Damnation respects them as final Sinnets 4. What is the Impulsive Cause of Reprobation To which I make answer 1. As for the Decree of Preterition and Permission of final Sin it is from God's Will as cloathed with supreme Sovereignty God passeth by and hardneth whom he will This appears in two particulars 1. First God doth not give so much as the Gospel-means unto some men He suffered all nations to walk in their own ways Acts 14. 16. Some sin and perish without Law or Gospel all the Law they have is the dark glimmering of Nature and all the Gospel they have is the patience and goodness of God leading to Repentance The Sun Moon and Stars are divided to all nations Dent. 4. 19. but Jesus Christ a Sun of infinite light and lustre shines in a narrower compass on the earth than the finite Sun the Moon is lesser than the Earth the visible Church than the World of Men. The Apostles those Stars of light must not shine in Asia and Bithynia Acts 16. 6 7. By what way is this Evangelical Light parted Surely by the divine Will alone the difference is not from the worthiness or unworthiness of men for those in Asia and Bithynia were as good as others Christ was manifested to a Thief and not to a Socrates or Plato Rebellious Israel hath the light of the Word in it and a more flexible Nation which would hearken thereunto wants it Ezek. 3. 6 7. Impenitent Corazin and Bethsaida have a visible Deity before them in Christ's Miracles when poor Tyre and Sidon much nearer to Repentance hath it not Matth. 11. 21. In all which the sovereign Will of God is to be adored for that is it which divideth between the Light and the Darkness 2. In the Visible Church the Orb of Gospel-light God doth not give saving Grace unto all 'T is true the mercy of God is so immense that all the sins of men are but as the drop of the bucket to it the Blood of God is so meritorious that all the crimson Crimes in the World are as nothing to it and the Spirit of God is so almighty that all the chains of hardness and unbelief fall off before his converting Grace Nevertheless this immense Mercy doth not pardon all this meritorious Blood doth not wash all nor this almighty Spirit doth not convert all unto God Oh the wonderful Abyss of the divine Counsel All men naturally lie in bloody pollution and God saith to one Live and not to another all are as it were one entire Rock of obstinacy against God and he calls Abraham's children out of one part of the Rock and leaves all the rest to be Rock still All are dead in sins and trespasses nay and sealed up in their Graves with a stone of hardness and unbelief and one Grave-stone is rolled away and the dead under it raised up by almighty Grace and not another External Revelation is all over the Church why is not the inward holy Unction so too The Gospel sounds in every Ear why do not all hear and learn of the Father The Gospel calls and knocks at every door why are not the Demonstrations of the Spirit and the drawings of the Father in every heart The Gospel says in general Whosoever will may take the Water of Life freely why doth not God work the Will in all Why are any dimissi libero arbitrio left to the miserable servitude of their own free Will Here there is no other resolution but that of the Apostle He will have mercy on whom he will have mercy and whom he will he hardneth and beyond this we can only wonder and in quodam mentis excessu cry out Oh the depth Cur hoc illi operetur saith St. Austin illi non operetur metuentem me trementem judicia ejus inscrutabilia incomprehensibilia nolo interroges quia quod lego ercdo revereor non autem discutio And Ne dicas Deo interrogando Quae est voluntas tua sed tremendo Fiat voluntas tua And again Posset Deus saith he of wicked men ipsorum voluntatem in bonum convertere quoniam Omnipotens est posset planè cur ergo non fecit quia noluit cur noluerit penès ipsum est If there were any thing extra Deum moving him to the Decree of Preterition and Permission it must needs be sin either Original or Actual or final Impenitency and Infidelity therein but none of all these moved God thereunto Not Original sin for this is the common blood wherein all men Elect as well as Reprobate lie by nature And this is St. Ambrose's Mirum touching Infants Ubi actio non offendit ubi arbitrium non resistit ubi eadem miseria similis imbecillitas causa communis est non unum esse de tanta parilitate judicem quales reprobat abdicatio tales adoptat Electio Indeed Original Sin makes all men reprobable for all are by nature Children of wrath Transgressors from the womb an unclean and corrupt Seed lying in bloody and abominable pollution fit and worthy to be put away from the holy One as dross and for ever to be cast out into utter darkness but it makes no man a Reprobate for the Elect are as deep in this filthy mire as others Nor yet doth Actual sin do it for Jacob was loved and Esau hated before they had
done good or evil Artaxerxes decreed that Jerusalem should not be built again because upon search of his Records he found that it had been a rebellious City Ezra 4. 19 21. Should God have founded his Decree of Preterition and Non-election on a Prescience of humane Rebellion the holy City of the Church had never been built nor the divine Image ever repaired therein All men had eternally lay as Sodom and Gomorrah in the dust and rubbish of Adam's Fall with a line of spiritual confusion stretched upon them Who is there that lives and sins not What man on earth hath not rebelled and vexed God's holy Spirit Even little Infants rebelled in voluntate Adae and besides Imbecillitas membrorum infantilium innocens est non animus infantium Neither yet doth final Impenitency and Infidelity do it for there is no final Impenitency and Infidelity but such as is permitted and permitted it is not but out of the Decree of Preterition and Permission wherefore that Decree cannot be caused thereby Final Impenitency and Infidelity may be considered two ways either as being in actual existence or else as foreseen by the divine Prescience but neither way doth it cause the Decree of Preterition and Permission but presuppose the same Not as it is in actual existence for final Impenitency Infidelity come into being after Permission and Permission flows out of the Decree wherefore final Impenitency and Infidelity coming after Permission are not the Cause of the Decree out of which Permission doth issue Nor yet as it is foreseen by the divine Prescience for the Decree of Preterition and Permission is that very Glass wherein final Impenitency and Infidelity are foreseen for had God made no Decree of Preterition and Permission he had seen all men repenting and believing as the fruit of his effectual Grace unto all had he made that Decree universally touching all he had seen no man repenting and believing Wherefore final Impenitency and Infidelity as foreseen do not cause but presuppose the Decree In a word I conclude That the Decree of Preterition and Permission doth merely depend upon the supreme and sovereign Will of God Neither is there any colour of Injustice in all this for 1. Non-electio as Suarez hath it non est poena ut culpam praerequir at sed est quaedam negatio gratuiti beneficii quod Deus ut supremus Dominus negare potest God may do what he will with his own Election the primum indebitum is God's own therefore he may pass by whom he pleaseth the holy Spirit the fountain of all Faith and Repentance is God's own therefore it may breath only where it lists All Souls and Graces are God's own therefore he may infuse or not infuse Graces into Souls ad placitum Neither is it imaginable that God should be obliged to give restituent Grace to fallen Man when he was not obliged to give custodient Grace to the innocent Angels If Faith and Repentance are the gifts of God may he not suspend them If he be bound to give them why is there ae peradventure put upon some mens Repentance 2 Tim. 2. 25 Why a cannot upon some mens Faith John 12. 39 Why a perhaps upon some mens Forgiveness Acts 8. 22 Why aforbidding upon the means of Grace Acts 16. 6 Why a manifestation to disciples and not to the world Joh. 14. 22 Why a Revelation to babes and not to the wise and prudent Matth. 11. 25 In short God's Election must be either arbitrary or necessary If necessary how is his Election free If arbitrary how is Non-election unjust The donation of Faith and Repentance must be Grace or Debt If Debt why is not the Veil off from every Eye and the Stone out of every Heart Why is not Grace as common as Nature and Saintship as Humanity But if Grace then where it is conferred it is freely conferred out of self-moving mercy and where it is denied it is justly denied out of unaccountable sovereignty 2. In the Permission of final sin there is much of Sovereignty but nothing of Injustice the great God is absolutus faber suae permissionis he could let legions of Angels at once drop out of Heaven into Hell he could let innocent Adam as rare a piece as he was break himself all to shivers by a fall and what may he not permit sinful Worms to do What are Creatures to him If they miscarry how many thousand thousand Worlds are there in the bosom of his Omnipotence If he suffer all Nations to walk in their own ways he doth but let a drop fall off the Bucket or a small dust fly off the ballance he doth but leave Vanity to its own lightness and a Quasi-nothing to its own nullity and defectibility If he suffer sinful Man to run into sin and that finally he doth but leave the Dog to his own vomit the Swine to his own mire the Viper to his own poyson a corrupted piece of old Adam to act 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 out of his own as the Expression is Joh. 8. 44. He doth but let the fountain of blood flow out the corrupt flesh putrifie the vitious womb of concupiscence conceive and bring forth and the depraved Will of man forge out its own iniquities and fetter and intangle it self with the cords and bonds of its own voluntary rebellions and what Injustice can be in all this especially seeing this Permission is not a subtraction of any inherent Grace but only a suspension of assistent Grace as de facto would impede sin If God be bound to afford such Grace where is the Charter of that engagement If he be not bound thereunto where is the Injustice of that suspension The Saints before a temptation cast down their Souls before God and cry out Nèinducas Lead us not into temptation and after a victory they cast down their Crowns before him and sing out Thanks be to God who giveth us the victory through Jesus Christ. Wherefore when sin is prevented God's free Grace is to be praised and when sin is permitted God's absolute Sovereignty is to be adored 3. Justice in God is agere juxta condecentiam bonitatis veracitatis suae therefore the Decrees of Preterition and Permission must needs be just because they cross not either his Goodness or his Truth Not his Goodness for that doth not necessitate him either to diffuse one drop of Grace unto fallen Man or to prevent one jot of sin in him nor yet his Truth for notwithstanding the Decrees of Preterition and Permission all the Promises in the great Charter of the Gospel are Yea and Amen not a tittle thereof fails or falls to the ground 2. As the Decree of Preterition and Permission is from God's Will as cloathed with Sovereignty so the Decree of Damnation is from God's Will as cloathed with Justice In the former God acts as supreme Lord according to his transcendent Sovereignty in the latter God acts as a Righteous Judge according to
Vegetables are preserved in their Individuals but 't is by means and but for a time and lest the kind should perish with the individuals Generation is a supplement to their Mortality and the ruler in all this is the Will of God As for Preservation by means it is God who bringeth food out of the earth Psal. 104. 14. and when 't is in our hand we cannot eat thereof unless God give us an heart Eccl. 6. 2. and when we do eat thereof 't will not be the staff of life to us without the word of his blessing Matth. 4. 4. without this we may eat and not be satisfied drink and not be filled Hag. 1. 6 9. Every Creature saith The blessing is not in me but in the Will of God As for the Periods of Preservation they are all fixed in the divine Decree there the days of men are determined their months numbred and their unpassable bounds appointed Job 14. 5. Hezekiah had fifteen years added to his days but there was no addition to the divine Decree Bloody and deceitful men shall not live out half their days Psal. 55. 23. yet they live out all the days set down in the divine Decree If a Sparrow fall not without God's Will Matth. 10. 29. much less can a man do so if our very hairs are all numbred Matth. 10. 30. much more are our days As for the preservation of kinds all propagations are from that primitive Benediction Crescite multiplicamini which dropt from the divine Will Vegetables multiply but 't is God who gives to every seed his own body 1 Cor. 15. 38. Men and Beasts generate their like but 't is God who sows a land with the seed of man and the seed of beast Jer. 31. 27. The man written down childless in God's Book must be without the blessing of posterity the Member unwritten or left out in that Book must never be extant in Nature When Monsters are brought forth there is an abertation in the particular Nature but none in the Will of God when Bastards are generated which cannot be without a moral Monstrosity the sin is Man's but the Creature is God's In brief If we run through all varieties of Preservation either as to the Being of Creatures or as to the Adjuncts of order beauty goodness and truth we must resolve all into the Will of God Alas what is the mutable Being of Creatures unless fixed by the Will of the Necesse esse What are all the Orders and Harmonies of things unless kept in tune by the counsel of his Will By him all things 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Col. 1. 17. not only subsist in their Beings but consist in their Orders His Will is the Virtus unitiva which glues and tacks the whole System of Heaven and Earth together or else all would unframe and fall asunder in a moment What an empty nothing is Creature-beauty unless shined upon by his gracious pleasure 'T is he that reneweth the face of the earth Psal. 104. 30. or else the Spring would lose her fresh complexion nay and the face of Heaven too or else all the Starry Beauty-spots would drop off What is all the Goodness in the Creature unless supplied from the great Original 'T is but as water in a broken Cistern soon running out and never to be gathered up again What is all the Truth in the Creature but an Impress made from his Ideal Truth The Impress the Creature can no more preserve in it self than it could at first stamp it there Wherefore the Will of God is that vas conservativum which preserves and conteins all things within their Beings and modes of Being or else they would immediately run into nullity 2. Preservation is but continuata Creatio if Creation had been natural so must Conservation have been too but seeing Creation is voluntary such also is Conservation hence the Twenty four Elders attribute both to God's pleasure for thy pleasure they are and were created Rev. 4. 11. they were by his Creation and are by his Conservation and both were and are for his pleasure 3. Whatsoever God preserves he preserves rationally and for some end as he made all for himself so he preserves all for himself The Heavens and the Earth are by God's word kept in store 2 Pet. 3. 7. his Word that is his Will is the great Storier which treasures up the World with all its furniture for its own ends God preserves all rationally and by just consequence freely also Thus far of God's Conservation but to procede 2. God's Gubernation is also to be considered by us Now here I shall touch on two things 1. That God rules and governs all Creatures and Events 2. That God doth it according to his Decree 1. God rules and governs all Creatures and Events He is King of Kings 1 Tim. 6. 15. his kingdom ruleth over all Psal. 103. 19. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Wisd. 14. 3. he steers the Ship of the World and all the passengers in it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Wisd. 12. 18. he orders the great House of the World and all the Families of Creatures therein All the hosts of the Universe are ruled by him the spiritual World is ruled by him the holy Angels are still a doing of his Will sometimes they are guarding the godly sometimes destroying the wicked sometimes transporting souls to heaven sometimes striving with Devils but they are always beholding God's face Matth. 18. 10. waiting for his imperial Command as their perpetual rule These have a great share in turning about the Wheels of the World when these stand still the Wheels stand also when these go the Wheels go too but these go not one step of their own heads but whither the Spirit of God goes they go Ezek. 1. 12. and when they go they go straight on to the period of their work and then they return Ver. 14. that is to the face of God for a new Commission and till that come they let down their wings Ver. 24. listening to his voice and adoring at his footstool all that they do is subordinated to his pleasure Nay not only the good Angels but the Devils will they nill they are subject unto him They lost their obediential Wings in their fall and since that he never trusts them to go without their Chains Hence without his divine sufferance these though Princes of the Air cannot raise a storm though Gods of the World cannot enter into a Swine though Rulers of darkness cannot inject a temptation indeed they would undermine the Fathers Election cheat Christ of his purchased Possession and murther all the new Creatures made by the holy Spirit but they cannot get off their Chains and when their Chains are a little loosened yet their actings fall under Providence An evil Spirit troubled Saul but 't was from the Lord as a righteous Judge 1 Sam. 16. 14. Satan afflicted Job but 't was with a Commission to try his Graces the Devil tempted Christ but
of the living is but a puff of Vanity the Reason of the intelligent but a snuff in the socket and the Liberty of the free but a dead broken Idol Shouldest thou but for one moment withdraw thy hand oh what a tumbling cast would there be among the Angels what a crack in the heavenly Orbs what a Chaos in the Elements what a strange Dooms-day by the blending of Sun and Sea Heaven and Earth together Thou O divine Will art all in all thy Wisdom is a wakeful Eye thy Power a supporting Centre thy Presence a lively Cherisher thy Authority a supreme Law-giver and thy Pleasure an universal Orderer to all the World Oh that there were such an heart in us as to eye thy Wisdom in every Wheel own thy Power in every Preservation awe thy Presence in every place acknowledge thy Authority in every Law and submit to thy Pleasure in every Event always praying Fiat Voluntas tua which cannot be perfectly prayed sine infimâ humilitate altissimâ charitate CHAP. VIII Of the Work of Redemption I Have now passed over the Work of Creation with its Appendices of Conservation and Gubernation but behold a greater than Creation is here stupendious Redemption the wonder of Angels and envy of Devils at which Creation starts back and gives up its Sabbath I am come to the Tree of Life growing in Paradise hanging full of Pardons and Graces and spreading forth a broad and indefective shadow of Merits over sinful Worms I am now at the pure Well of Salvation springing out of the Deity of the Son of God issuing through the bleeding Wounds of his Humanity and filling every Vessel of Faith I am now to open my eyes upon the most tremendous Mystery that ever was God in the Flesh the brightness of Glory under a Veil the Fulness of the Godhead tabernacling in Dust and a Sun of infinite light and lustre cloathed in Sack-cloth in his Incarnation and turned into Blood in his Passion Oh! for some illapses of that holy Spirit which takes the things of Christ and shews them in their spiritual Glory Redemption may be thus described It is the procuring of Freedom for a Captive by a Price paid by him who is to redeem and accepted by him who is the Supreme Detainer in that behalf that the Captive may be delivered out of a state of Captivity into a state of Liberty according to the Wills of the Payer and Receiver of that price I say it is the procuring Freedom Actual Freedom is the Crowning Issue of Redemption but the procuring of Freedom is an essential ingredient in it Hence Christ is said to obtain eternal Redemption for us Heb. 9. 12. 'T is the procuring of Freedom for a Captive Free-men are not capable of it but Captives only and such are all men become by sin They owed ten thousand Talents to God as the great Creditor and Traitor-like they rebelled against God as the great Law-giver and for those Debts and Rebellions God as a righteous Judge 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 shut them up in the prison of wrath Rom. 11. 32. 'T is the procuring of Freedom for a Captive by a Price not by mere Power but by a Price when it is procured by mere Power 't is but a naked Deliverance but when it is procured by a Price then 't is a true proper Redemption Hence in the Evangelical Charter we find 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Price and that which issues from it is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 true proper Redemption Again 't is the procuring of Freedom for a Captive by a Price paid by him who is to redeem and accepted by him who is the supreme Detainer in that behalf for if it be not paid 't is no Price if it be not paid by him who is to redeem he cannot be a Redeemer the Detainer must accept of it in that behalf or else no Freedom can be justly procured and the supreme Detainer must accept of it for not the Jailor or Fetters which are but Under-detainers but the Creditor Law-giver who is the supreme Detainer must receive satisfaction or else the Captive cannot be justly released And all these are couched together by the Apostle Christ gave himself for us an offering and a sacrifice to God for a sweet-smelling savour Eph. 5. 2. Christ there 's he who was to redeem gave himself an Offering and a Sacrifice there 's the Price paid down by him to God there 's the supreme Detainer the Jailor Satan and the Fetters of guilt are but under-detainers but God is the supreme and must have satisfaction and for a sweet-smelling savour there 's the Price accepted by God in that behalf Lastly the end of all is that the Captive may be delivered out of a state of Captivity into a state of Liberty according to the Wills of the Payer and Receiver Redemption moves towards the actual deliverance of the Captive as its proper Centre and that actual deliverance comes forth according to the Wills of the Payer and Receiver as its rule and measure If their Wills be that upon the very payment and acceptance of the Price the Captive should be ipso facto delivered then he is delivered without any more adoe but if their Wills be that the Captive should be delivered but upon certain conditions to be by him first performed then he is not delivered till after the performance thereof Thus the Redemption wrought by Christ moves towards the actual deliverance of sinful Captives and that actual deliverance according to the Will of the Father and the Son comes forth not immediately upon the payment and acceptance of the Price but upon Faith and Repentance which are the Terms of the Gospel Hence the Apostles testified Repentance towards God and faith towards our Lord Jesus Christ Acts 20. 21. Hence also those expressions of Propitiation through faith in his blood Rom. 3. 25. and of Receiving the atonement Rom. 5. 11. which with many more shew us the Terms upon which actual deliverance comes forth into being Now in this discourse of Redemption I shall gather up all under four Heads 1. The Captive 2. The Captivity 3. The Redeemer 4. The Price 1. The Captive is fallen Man and here two things are considerable 1. Man fallen in opposition to Man standing 2. Man fallen in opposition to fallen Angels 1. Man fallen in opposition to Man standing Man as he came out of his Makers hands was a spotless Creature his Mind a pure Lamp of knowledge his Will a Throne for the holy One his Heart a Sanctuary of all Graces his Affections all in harmony with the Rational Faculties the Image of God sparkling within him and the Favour of God sunning him round about Here all was Freedom no Chain but that of Graces no Bands but Cords of Love no Prison but a Paradise no Captive but the Lord's Free-man the least drop of wrath could not fall on him here But alas how soon was this Star shot Man
turned from God and God departed from Man and instantly the Captive appeared all in Chains of Sin and Wrath his Lamp went out in obscure darkness Satan ascended up into the Throne the fire of Lust rose up in the Sanctuary the Affections were all in a mutiny against the upper Powers and the whole Man became a Prisoner under Sin and Wrath and all this because he left 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 his original State of rectitude and holiness 2. Man fallen in opposition to fallen Angels When Man though but an earthen Pitcher fell from God the whole Trinity seemed to be moved at it the bowels of the Father yearned over him and as not content with inward compassions Grace breaks out at the Lips of the Son Unto you O men do I call saith the eternal Word Prov. 8. 4. and because words such as made a World could not do it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Heb. 2. 16. He catches hold of the Humane Nature and rather than fail he would live and bleed and die in it for our Redemption And lest after all this Man should not catch hold of his own Salvation out comes the holy Spirit to make sure work of it in an application of it unto us 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith St. Chrysostome When Mankind fled and fled far from Christ he pursued and caught hold of it But when those Vessels of Gold the Angels dropt out of Heaven there was no such matter the Father's bowels though of immense largeness were shut up not a thought of mercy rose in his heart towards them the Son's Lips which drop sweet smelling Myrrh unto men let fall never a syllable of comfort unto them he saw them tumbling down from Heaven yet caught not hold of them the holy Spirit would not stir a foot to recover 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 their original Rectitude for them again that so they might be capable of staying in the holy Heavens but down they must into Chains of darkness such as for ever shut out every glimpse of Mercy But why a Philanthropy rather than a Philangely Why a Redemption for Men and not for Devils Here men give their conjectures Man say some sinned by seduction but Devils by self-motion In the Fall of Men say others all the Humane Nature fell but in the Fall of Angels all the Angelical Nature fell not Others alledge that the Sin of Angels was more damnable than Man's because their Nature was more sublime than his Others yet affirm that Men are capable of Repentance but Devils not because whatever they once choose they do immobiliter velle the Devil sinneth from the beginning 1 Joh. 3. 8. 't is not said he sinned but he sinneth because from his first Apostasie he sinneth on uncessantly But alas Who can limit the holy One Might not his boundless Mercy have saved the selftempted Devils What if his devouring Justice had broke out against devil-seduced Men nay against all the Race of Men Who should accuse him for the Nations that perish which he hath made and Sin hath marred Wisd. 12. 12 Could not the Blood of God have washed out the blackest spots of fallen Angels Was not the Almighty Spirit of Grace able to melt a Devil into Repentance Had we poor Worms been to dispute with the Devil about the Body of Christ as Michael did with him about the Body of Moses O how easily would he have reasoned us out of our Redeemer What would he have said shall the tender bowels of God be let down to you on Earth and restrained to us in Heaven Will the All-wise God repair his Clay-images in the Dunghil of the lower World and neglect his fairer Pictures once hung up in his own Palace of Glory May not the Son of God be a Redeemer at an easier rate without stepping a foot out of his Fathers house and will he travel down so far as an Incarnation How much better were it for him to spot himself with an assumed Cherubin than to take Flesh into his glorious Person But the great God hath neither given Angels a day to plead for a Redeemer nor Man a licence to pry into his Ark. Wonder then O Man at this astonishing difference made by the divine Will alone Angels must be damned and men may be saved golden Vessels are irreparably broken and earthen Pots are set together again Inmates of Glory drop to Hell and Dust and Ashes fly up to Heaven When I consider thy Heavens and the Stars glistering there Lord what is man that thou mindest him Psal. 8. 4 but when I consider thy Heaven of Heavens and thy Angels dropping from thence into utter darkness Lord what is man that thou savest him Misericordiâ Domini plena est terra quare non dictum est plenum est coelum quia sunt spirituales nequitiae in coelestibus sed non illae ad commune jus indulgentiae Dei remissionémque peccatorum pertinent as holy Ambrose expresses it Even so gracious Father because so it seemeth good in thy sight Thus having found the right Captive I pass on 2. To the Captivity and this I shall set out in three things 1. The Chains 2. The Prison 3. The Jailor As for the first I shall first touch upon the Chains themselves and then upon the distinct links thereof 1. The Chains themselves are no other than Original and Actual Sin 1. Original Sin is a very heavy Chain and here I shall view 1. The upper end of this Chain I mean that first Sin of eating the forbidden fruit called in the Schools Peccatum originale originans here there was truly magnum in parvo a vast World of Sin in a small Act. There was an Idol of self-excellency a framing and to adorn it a concupiscential stealth of the forbidden fruit and in this stealth a bloody Homicide a slaying of all Humane Nature at one blow and which is more a kind of Deicide too a slaying as much as in Man lay even of God himself the Pride of this primordial Sin snatching at God's excellency the Unbelief stabbing at his Truth the Rebellion fighting against his Sovereignty the Ingratitude trampling his Goodness under foot and the Presumption as it were daring out his Justice into warlike Arms and all this contra praeceptum tam breve ad retinendum tam leve ad observandum This is the upper end of this Chain and it reaches down to us all for in him we all sinned Rom. 5. 12. The sweetest Bonaventure cannot say In Adamo non peccavi For Adam was not here considered as a private person but as the Root and Head of Mankind Adam's person was the fountain of ours and his Will the representative of ours we were all in him naturally as latent in his Loins and legally too as comprized within the Covenant made with him therefore we all sinned in his Sin Omnes nos unus ille Adam saith one Father Genus humanum in primo parente velut in radice computruit saith
it with the Person of the Son so that it never was any where but there all other Creations stand under the Roof of Providence and Preservation but here the Humane Nature is an Inmate in the very same Person with the Divine all other Creatures have their proper sutable seats and Ubi's in the Sphere of Nature but here 's the Sackcloth of an Humane Body cast upon and the Rush-candle of a Reasonable soul lighted up in the Sun it self The glorious Son of God espoused Flesh and Blood and the Bride-chamber where the knot was tied was the Virgins Womb there was he made of a Woman consubstantial with us as to his Humanity who was consubstantial with the Father as to his Divinity O how great is this Mystery God manifest in the flesh O Domine quà m admirabile nomen tuum non modò mundi hujus staturam admiror non stabilitatem Terrae non Lunae defectum incrementum non Solem semper integrum laborem ejus perpetuum Miror Deum in utero Virginis miror Omnipotentem in cunabulis miror quomodo Verbo Dei caro adhaeserit quomodo incorporeus Deus corporis nostri tegumentum induerit in caeteris aliquae satisfaciant rationes hîc solus me complectitur stupor God never came so near to us as in this wonderful Conjunction In the Creatures we see God above us in the Law we see God against us but here we see Immanuel God with us he is one with us by a natural Conjunction but that 's not all for being in our Nature he became one with us 2. Conjunctione Legali he was our Sponsor or Surety and so in Law one person with us his Stile is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Surety of the covenant Heb. 7. 22. and the Covenant being mutual on both parts from God to Man and from Man to God he is in both respects a Surety of it a Surety on God's part that his Promises should be performed to us and a Surety on our parts that our Debts should be paid to God We were double Debtors to God as Rational Creatures we owed perfect Obedience and as Sinful Creatures we owed eternal Sufferings the first is a debt to God's Holiness and the second to his Justice Now Jesus Christ was our Surety for both a Surety to fulfil all Righteousness for us and the Fidejussorial Bond which he gave for this was his Circumcision for he had no sinful flesh to be cut off but would become a debtor to the whole Law for us and in Circumcision he signed security for it with his own Blood and also a Surety to take our Sins on him Hence the Righteous God who cannot but judge according to truth charged our iniquities upon him Isai. 53. 6. and he as our Surety accepted the charge and those words my sins are not hid from thee Psal. 69. 5. are as St. Jorom thinks spoken ex personâ Christi for he was though not commissor yet susceptor delictorum our Flesh and Blood was taken into his Divine Person and our Sins which could by no means enter in there were yet cast upon him and being cast upon him God exacted satisfaction of him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 it was exacted and he answered Isai. 53. 7. Satisfaction was exacted from him as our Surety and he answered for us and what was his Answer Why I 'le lay down my Life I 'le pour out my Soul saith he let all the Wrath due to those Sins be squeezed into one Cup and I 'le drink it up to the bottom let the Fire of God's Anger drop down from Heaven and I 'le be the Paschal Lamb roasted in it Thus Jesus Christ was a Surety nay 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the noblest of Sureties putting his Soul in our Souls stead to bear our Sins and God's Wrath and for this very purpose was he one with us in Nature that he might be one with us in Law too But neither is this all for both these Conjunctions are crowned with a third and so he is one with us 3. Conjunctione Mysticâ Christ is the Head and the Church is the Body and both together make up one mystical Christ 1 Cor. 12. 12. the Head in Heaven and the Body on Earth and the spiritual Continuity between both is one and the same holy Spirit which is on the Head without measure and on the Members according to measure If the Jew ask us where is Christ we can truly answer He is at the right hand of God in Heaven and on Earth loc here is Christ and there is Christ living and breathing in his Saints every Saint is a piece of him and all together are his fulness Eph. 1. 23. so that he doth not count himself complete without them This Conjunction is so near and full of spiritual Sense that a poor Member cannot suffer on Earth but instantly the Head in Heaven cries out of Persecution Acts 9. 4. and even the suffering Member reckons himself sitting in Heaven as long as his Head is there Eph. 2. 6. Thus our Redeemer comes very near unto us in a threefold Conjunction and in each Conjunction there is a rare Condescention In the first he came down into our Natures by a stupendious Incarnation in the second he came down into our Hell by a Fidejussorial Passion in the third he comes down into our Hearts by the Spirits Inhabitation the first opens a way to the second the second is the purchase of the third and the third as in design was a Motive to and as in existence is a Crown upon the Work of Redemption 4. Having considered the Redeemer I pass on to the Price and here I shall reduce all to three Questions 1. What this Price is 2. What manner of Price it is 3. For whom it was paid 1. What this Price is and this is the Humane Nature of Christ as subjected to the Law When the Son of God came forth to redeem us he was made of a woman made under the Law to redeem us that were under the Law Gal. 4. 4 5. Made of a Woman there 's his humane Nature made under the Law there 's his subjection to the Law and the End of all is our Redemption Christ through the eternal Spirit offered up himself to God Heb. 9. 14. and that in a way fully answering the demands of the Law The Law demanded of the Captives two things perfect Obedience from them as rational Creatures and penal Suffering from them as sinful Creatures and Christ gave up his Humane Nature a price both ways in doing and in suffering he gave himself that is his humane Nature for us an offering and a sacrifice Eph. 5. 2. an Offering in his Active Obedience and a Sacrifice in his Passive and both these together were the entire Price of our Redemption 1. Christ gave up himself in his Active Obedience That holy thing his humane Nature as soon as it came out into the World fell a breathing forth
had done all and omitted nothing and then by their Principles what need we obey in our own persons But 2. That Christ obeyed for us and therefore we need not obey is as vain a Consequence as to say Christ died for us and therefore we should not die But the different Ends reconcile all Christ died that there might be Satisfaction for Sin as to the Guilt of it and we die that there may be a Destruction of Sin as to the Being of it Also Christ obeyed that our Justification might be effected and we obey that our Sanctification may be promoted Christ obeyed that we might reign in life and we obey that we may be more and more meet for it Nay Christ obeyed that we might obey for one fruit of Redemption was that we might be a peculiar people zealous of good works Tit. 2. 14. and we obey that his Obedience may not be in vain as to us for he is the author of eternal redemption to them that obey him Heb. 5. 9. Hence it appears that Christ's Obedience and ours may as well consist together as Justification and Sanctification Life and the way to it Redemption and the fruit thereof 3. Because the Price of our Redemption is a thing of superexcellent fulness and superimaginable glory redeeming Captives in a way completive and perfective of the Law broken by them Do we make void the Law by Faith or by its Object our Redeemer and Redemption Nay we establish the Law Rom. 3. 31. When Man was in Innocency the Royal Law sate in Glory commanding upon its Throne holding forth in its right hand a Crown of Life in the Promise and in its left a Sword of Vengeance in the Threatning But when Monstrous Sin entred into the World the very Throne of the Law seemed to shake and the Crown in its right hand to wither only the Sword was glittering and fiery in the left the Minatory part of the Law stood fast captivating and cursing the Sinner but the Mandatory and Promissory parts thereof fell a trembling and staggering as if their natural and primary End viz. perfect Obedience and all the ensuing Bliss were utterly lost Now Jesus Christ our wonderful Redeemer redeemed us in such a way as that he established the Law in every respect by his Active Obedience he fastened and newpinned the very Throne of the Law and made the old Promise to bud again with Life and in his Passive Obedience the fiery Sword of God's wrath did awake against him Zach. 13. 7. and smote and wounded him for our iniquities he paid down his humane Nature in doing and suffering and what could the Law desire of him more Thus Jesus Christ became the end the fulness the perfection of the Law Rom. 10. 4. But if the Passive Obedience of Christ be only the Price then indeed the Curse or Wrath which is in the left hand of the Law and which comes accidentally by sin is satisfied But where is the primary and natural end of the Law Where is that perfect Obedience which is in the right hand and right eye of the Law You 'l say 't is in the Person of Christ our Redeemer But how is it there the Apostle says that Christ is the end of the Law to the believer now if it be there only personally as for himself then as to that he is the end of the Law only for himself but if it be there also fide jussorially as for us then 't is part of the Price and so he is the end of the Law to us also But you 'l reply that though Christ's Active Obedience be no part of the Price yet his Passive suffices for that takes away Sin and Death from us and Sin being removed Righteousness follows and Death being removed Life follows and so the Law hath its end I answer I might deny these consequences for Adam in Innocency was free from Sin and Death yet in that state had neither all the Righteousness performable nor all the Life attainable by him But if I admit that upon the remotion of Sin and Death Righteousness and Life do follow yet these may follow from Christ's whole Obedience as their total Principle and not only from the Passive If they follow from the Passive only the Glory of Redemption is much darkned for who sees not that the Law is not nor cannot be so completely accomplished by the mere Sufferings of Christ as if over and besides those he also performed perfect Obedience for us Who sees not more Glory shining out when perfect Righteousness is a part of the Price than if it be only an effect thereof issuing by consequential resultance from the remotion of Sin Wherefore the Messiah is set out to us in the Prophet not only as making an end of sin but as bringing in everlasting righteousness Dan. 9. 24. and in the Evangelist not only as giving his life but as fulfilling all righteousness Matth. 3. 15. and in the Apostle not only as made sin but as made righteousness too 1 Cor. 1. 30. and thus the Law hath its perfect accomplishment by our Redeemer Wherefore concluding that the humane Nature of Christ paid down in his Active and Passive Obedience is the entire and integral price of our Redemption I pass on to the second Quaere 2. What manner of Price this is and this I shall open in three things 1. 'T is a Price Redemptive from Evil. 2. 'T is a Price Procurative of Good 3. 'T is a Price Sufficient for both 1. 'T is a Price Redemptive from Evil even from all the evils of our Captivity viz. the Chains of Sin the bloody Jaylor Satan and the Prison of Wrath our great Redeemer by laying down this price hath hroke off our Chains vanquished the Jaylor and opened the Prison-doors for us only here is an observable difference for 1. As to the Guilt of Sin and the Wrath of God this Price is redemptive in a more immediate way by it self 2. As to the stain of Sin the power of Sin and the tyranny of Satan this Price is redemptive in a consequential way by procuring the holy Spirit for us 1. This Price is Redemptive from the Guilt of Sin and Wrath of God and this in a more immediate way by it self Now albeit the entire Price concurr herein yet because as to this there is a special relucency in some parts thereof I shall only insist on five things viz. 1. Our Sins were laid upon Christ. 2. He suffered the same punishment for the main that was due for these Sins 3. He suffered it in our stead 4. Suffering in our stead he satisfied God's Vindictive Justice and Minatory Law 5. These satisfied God is reconciled 1. Our sins were laid upon Christ. Whilest the Chains are upon the Captive Captivity is unavoidable whilest Sin is on the Sinner Redemption is impossible God therefore gave Sin a remove from its proper Ubi I will remove iniquity in one day saith he Zech. 3.
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Rom. 8. 32. God did not spare or bate him a farthing and we who are remitted make no satisfaction all our Tears Prayers Sorrows Services pay not a mite to divine Justice Why should corrupt Reason mutter as if Satisfaction and Remission which are matches in Scripture were inconsistencies in Nature What saith God Levit. 4. 31. the Priest shall make an atonement there 's satisfaction and it shall be forgiven there 's remission What saith the great Apostle Rom. 3. 24. We are justified freely by his grace there 's remission through the redemption that is in Christ there 's satisfaction Take both in three words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 God for Christ's sake hath forgiven you Eph. 4. 32. for Christ's sake there 's satisfaction hath forgiven you there 's remission and free remission for 't is not only 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a dismission or discharge of Sin but 't is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a dismission or discharge of it in a gracious way In Christ our Surety there was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Rom. 3. 25. but towards us there was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Tit. 2. 11. Christ may say totum exsolvi and God may say totum remisi there was nothing forgiven to Christ for he paid all but there was all forgiven to us for we paid nothing Thus this Price is Redemptive from the Guilt of Sin and Wrath of God but this is not all 2. This Price is Redemptive from the stain of Sin the power of Sin and the tyranny of Satan and that by procuring the holy Spirit for us We are saved by the renewing of the holy Ghost and that is shed on us through Jesus Christ Tit. 3. 5 6. and where it is shed there it redeems 1. From the stain of Sin Sin is the dross or rust of the Soul Isai. 1. 22. but the Spirit refines and purifies from it Sin is the wrinkle of the old man Eph. 5. 27. but the Spirit smooths and removes it Christ came by water and blood 1 Joh. 5. 6. and the water sprung out of the blood the Spirit is that clean water Ezek. 36. 25. which fetcheth out the spots and stains of Sin and that healing water coming out from the side of the Temple even the pierced side of Christ Ezek. 47. 1. which by degrees cures all the Ulcers and Plague-sores of the heart The Corinthians were all over mire and dirt but they were washed in the name of the Lord Jesus and by the Spirit of God 1 Cor. 6. 11. the Spirit washed them and washed them in the name of Jesus that is for his Merits sake The Soul in sinning runs to the Cabul of the Creature dirtying and fouling it self but the Spirit brings it back again to the holy one and as it approaches nearer and nearer to him the macula peccati goes off and the nitor animae appears 2. It redeems from the power of Sin Sin merited Christ's Crucifixion and Christ's Crucifixion merited the Crucifixion of Sin and upon this account out comes the holy Spirit and nullifies the Law of Sin batters down the strong holds of it plucks up the very Throne of it and crucifies the old Man with all his members by outward restriction nailing his hands and his feet and by inward circumcision cutting and piercing into his heart and from thence gradually letting out his vital blood even the love of Sin hence his motions wax feeble his members weak his natural heat of original lust spent and exhausted and his whole body drooping and languishing to his dying day and all this by a secret virtue from Christ's death We are planted together 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith the Apostle Rom. 6. 5. he saith not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the conformity but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the conformation of his death because his death procured that conformity in us Hence Sin doth not reign in us as a Prince upon his Throne but die as a man upon the Cross Thanks be unto God who giveth us the victory through Jesus Christ. 3. It redeems from the tyranny of Satan Christ in his own person spoiled principalities and powers on the cross Col. 2. 15. and Christ by his Spirit spoils them in the hearts of men Satan hath his Palace there but Christ hath bought him out and the Spirit will cast him out Satan would keep on our chains but Christ dissolves them 1 Joh. 3. 8. As he by his Spirit enlightens off go the chains of the Mind as he converts off go the chains of the Will as he spiritualizes off go the chains of the Affections and as he sprinkles his blood upon us off goes the weighty Guilt of all these Satan would keep us within the Prison but Christ comes with an Habeas Animam translating us from the power of darkness into his own kingdom Col. 1. 13. a Region of Grace and Light where Satan the Ruler of Sin and Darkness cannot have the Victory because Christ the Wisdom and Power of God fights against Him who is as I may so say the wisdom and power of Sin Hence he falls as lightning from heaven Luke 10. 18. falls and breaks his Serpents head even his design against poor souls the ruine of Souls is a heaven to him and in falling short of that he falls as it were from heaven The Prince of this world shall be cast out saith Christ Joh. 12. 31. and he adds as a reason If I be lifted up I will draw all men unto me Ver. 32. Lifted up upon the Cross he purchased the Spirit and lifted up into Heaven he sends down the Spirit which draws men out of Satans World into Christ's where the Gates of Hell can never prevail The God of peace bruises Satan underfoot Rom. 16. 20. the Apostle saith not the God of Mercy or Power shall do it but the God of Peace because unless Peace had been made through the blood of the Cross Satan would have kept us in everlasting Chains But now Justice being satisfied the Spirit comes forth with a Quo jure first rescuing the Captive-soul and then treading down Satan under its feet Thanks be unto God for this victory also through Jesus Christ. Thus this Price is redemptive from Evil but 2. This Price is procurative of Good Infinity is a boundless Ocean and may run over in effects as far as it pleaseth infinite Power might have run over in making millions of Worlds more and infinite Mercy might have run over in saving millions of Sinners more The Price of Redemption hath a kind of Infinity in it no wonder then if after remotion of Evils it run over by its transcendent excess of Value in the procuration of Good such was the glorious redundance and supereffluence of its Merit that it paid divine Justice to the last mite and over and besides made a purchase of three Worlds I mean the lower World of Nature the middle World of Grace and the upper World of
to darken the Sun of Righteousness damm up the Well of Salvation and trample the Blood of the Covenant under foot at which every sober Christian cannot but tremble Therefore I conclude my second Quaere thus Faith is a prime and excellent Grace wrought by the Spirit and purchased by the Merits of Christ. 2. Christ hath purchased all other Graces for all Graces are the fruits of the Spirit and the Spirit is shed on us through Christ. But in stead of proving let me parly with the Saints Speak O ye excellent ones whence came your lovely Meekness your undissembled Love your untired Patience your holy Unction your melting Compassions your broken Hearts your repentant Tears your Law-engraven Spirits and all your sweet-smelling Perfumes of Grace Speak for the Glory of Christ. Methinks I hear them all with one consent cry out Thus O thus it is all our Meekness came from the Lamb our Love from the beloved one our Patience from the Captain-sufferer our Unction from the Christ of God our Compassions from the bowels of Christ our broken Hearts from a broken Christ our repentant Tears from his bleeding Wounds our Law-engravings are the Epistle of Christ and all our sweet-smelling Graces are the powders of the merchant Cant. 3. 6. even of Jesus Christ who bought them all with his sweetest Blood The Church is the House of God made up of lively stones floored with Humility roofed with Knowledge cemented with Charity warmed with the fire of Zeal and filled with the spiritual Glory of heavenly Graces but Christ is the chief corner-stone which bears up all all the Churches Humility is from Christ's 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or self-emptying all our Knowledge from Christ the Sun of righteousness all its Charity from the Hyperbole of his love all its Zeal is from a coal of his Altar and all the spiritual Glory which fills it comes by the way of the East Ezek. 43. 2. even from Jesus Christ who is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the East or day-spring of all graces Luk. 1. 78. 3. Christ hath purchased all the Crowns of these Graces I mean such as are set on the Saints head in this life the Believers shall be justified but 't is by the righteous Christ the Meek shall be beautified with Salvation but 't is because of the Lamb the broken Heart shall have God dwelling in it but 't is for the Merits of a broken Christ the Mourners shall be comforted but 't is by the consolation in Christ the Hungry shall be filled but 't is from the fulness of Christ the pure in Heart shall see God but 't is through Christ the brightness of his Glory all the Crowns of Grace must be cast down at the feet of Jesus Christ the great Purchaser of them Thus Christ hath bought the World of Grace but yet we are not at the top of the Purchase For 3. Christ hath purchased the World of Glory that is the none-such the World of Worlds to which all Natures Glories are but a shadow and the Churches Graces but a Portal there are Plenitudes of Joy Crowns of Life Weights of Glory Treasures of Bliss and Oceans of Sweetness and all of Christ's purchasing All the Mansions of Glory are of his preparing Joh. 14. 2. all the Wine in Heaven is for his marriage-supper Revel 19. 9. his Blood is the Key to open the holy of holies Heb. 10. 19. the pure River of Life clear as Crystal issues out of the throne of God and of the Lamb even out of Gods Grace and Christs Merit Rev. 22. 1. Christ on the Cross purchased a Heaven for us Christ in the Gospel proffers it unto us and Christ in the heart gives us an actual hope thereof Had it not been for Christ we could never have entred into such a place as Heaven where the Walls are Pearls the Rivers Pleasures the Hills Frankincense the Air Purity and the Light Life Love and all in all God himself Now Christ did not only purchase Heaven for us but purchased it in a way completive of the Law The old Promise of the Law was Do this and live and that seemed quite blasted and withered by our sins but Christ by his perfect Obedience made it revive and bud again with life God would not give eternal life but upon a Do this and Christ fulfilled all Righteousness for us and by that Righteousness we come to have 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 justification of life Rom. 5. 18. such a Justification as is crowned with eternal Life But you 'l say that old Do this required Obedience in our own persons and therefore Christ could not fulfil it in our stead and so purchase life for us I answer that God did here also interpret his Law in an equitable way the divine Sanction Do this on which Life did depend was not precisely determinate that we must do it in our own persons for then a Sureties obedience should have been totally excluded neither was it precisely determinate that we should do it in our Surety for there was a Do this in the state of Innocency where there was no need of a Surety but the Sanction was general Do this and two interpretations lay before God the first that it should be done in our own persons the second that it should be done in our Surety the first a rigorous and literal the second an equitable and merciful interpretation Now these two interpretations lying before God he as supreme Law-giver takes the equitable interpretation had he taken the rigorous one there would have been no room for a Surety nor life for the Sinner but in rich mercy he takes the equitable one and so through a Surety's Obedience eternal Life is purchased for us These two interpretations of the Law seem to me to be figured out by the double making of the Tables the Law in the rigorous interpretation is like the first Tables which were broken For as the Law was first written in those Tables so the rigorous interpretation firstly rises out of the Letter of the Law and as those first Tables were broken so Sin made such a breach upon the Law that the Apostle puts a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 upon it Rom. 8. 3. it could not give life according to the rigorous interpretation And the Law in the equitable interpretation is like the second Tables which were put into the Ark for as those Tables were kept inviolate in the Ark so the Law was kept inviolate in the equitable interpretation and as the Mercy-seat covered the Tables in the Ark and from the Mercy-seat so covering them God manifested his presence so Christ the true 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or mercy-seat did by his perfect Obedience cover the Law all over and in and through him so covering it God manifests his presence not only his back-parts on Earth but his face in Heaven Thus by the admirable Wisdom of God Heaven was purchased and yet the Law established the Do this turned upon the
Acts as to the rest appear as Extraministerial Blots and Errata's those Invitations to the Gospel-feast which as to the Elect are the cordial wooings and beseechings of God himself as to the rest look like the words of mere men speaking at random and without Commission for alas why should they come to that Feast for whom nothing is prepared How should they eat and drink for whom the Lamb was never slain Wherefore I conclude that Christ died for all mens so far as to found the truth of the Ministery towards them 4. I argue from the Blessings purchased by Christ's Death one great Blessing is Salvation on Gospel Terms Lapsed Angels must be damned but Men nay all Men may be saved on Gospel-terms there is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a common Salvation to them and O what a blessing is this especially to such as live under the Gospel there is nothing stands between them and Heaven but their own Will they will not come to Christ that they may have life Oh! what would the damned Spirits in Hell give for such a door of Hope as hath no other bar but what is in their own Hearts how would they sweat and strive with tears and strong cries to enter in at it A second Blessing is the Patience of God which waits upon Sinners and by some glimmerings of Mercy leads them to repentance A third Blessing is the Dispensation of Gifts even in the Wilderness of the Pagan-world there are Moral Vertues and in the Eden of the Church there are even in those that perish some touches of the holy Ghost tastes of the heavenly Gift and feelings of the Powers of the World to come and whence are these but from the Death of Christ As David called the water of Bethlehem the blood of his worthies so may I call these Blessings the blood of Christ. Wherefore Christ died so far for all as to procure some Blessings for them 5. I argue from the Unbelief of Men which is wonderfully aggravated in Scripture through Jesus Christ there is a real offer of Grace made but Unbelief receives it in vain 2 Cor. 6. 1. great Salvation is prepared 〈◊〉 â—nbelief neglects it Heb. 2. 3. Eternal 〈◊〉 is promised but Unbelief comes short of it Heb. 4. 1. the Kingdom of Heaven comes nigh to men but Unbelief draws back from it Heb. 10. 39. God himself bears witness that there is Life in his Son even for all if they believe but Unbelief saith No to it and doth what it can to make him a liar 1 Joh. 5. 10. Christ is set forth before our eyes as the great Expiatory Sacrifice and evidently set forth as if he were crucified among us his Blood runs fresh in the Veins of the Gospel but Unbelief recrucifies the Son of God Heb. 6. 6. tramples his precious blood under foot Heb. 10. 29. and doth as it were nullifie his glorious Sacrifice so that as to final Unbelievers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 there no more remaineth a sacrifice Heb. 10. 26. as to their Salvation 't is as if there were no Sacrifice at all for them But if Christ died not for all men how can these things be How can those men receive Grace in vain for whom it was never procured or neglect Salvation for whom it was never prepared How can they fall short of eternal Rest for whom it was never purchased or draw back from the Kingdom of Heaven which never approached unto them How can there be life in Christ for thosâ— for whom he never died and if not 〈◊〉 way doth their Unbelief give God the lye How can they recrucifie the Son of God for whom he was never crucified or trample on that precious Blood which was never shed for them The Devils as full of malice as they are against Christ are never said to do it and why are men charged with it I take it because men have some share in him and Devils none at all 6. I argue from the Death of Christ which hath a superexcellent Redundance of Merit in it not only because of its intrinsecal value but because of the divine Ordination there are unsearchable riches in Christ enough to pay all mens Debts there are Pleonasms of Grace in him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Grace superabounded saith the Apostle 1 Tim. 1. 14. Salvation flows out from him actually upon all Believers and by a glorious supereffluence it would run over upon all men if they did believe As it was with the Widows litte Pot of Oil 2 Kings 4. 6. the Oil did run till all the Vessels were full and then it staid the Widow called for another Vessel and if she had had many more there the Oil in the Pot would have filled them all Even so pardon the Comparison it is with the immense Sea of Christ's Merits it actually fills all the Vessels of Faith and then it stays as it were for want of Vessels mean-while Christ calls and cries out for more and if all men would come and bring their Vessels to him he would fill them all doubtless if all men did believe all would see the Glory of God all would have the Rivers of living water flowing in them all would feel spiritual Miracles wrought in their Hearts by that Christ who sits at the right hand of Power and consequently all would find an experimental witness in themselves that Christ died for them all 7. I argue from the general and large Expressions in Scripture touching Christ and his Death Christ died for all 2 Cor. 5. 15. for every man Heb. 2. 9. he gave himself for the world Joh. 6. 51. for the whole world 1 Joh. 2. 2. he is stiled the Saviour of the world 1 Joh. 4. 14. and his Salvation is called a common salvation Jude Ver. 3. a salvation prepared before the face of all people Luk. 2. 31. and flowing forth to the ends of the earth Isai. 49. 6. the Gospel of this Salvation is to be preached to all nations Matth. 28. 19. and to every creature Mark 16. 15. there is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 grace bringing salvation to all men Tit. 2. 11. a door of Hope open to them because Christ gave himself a ransom for all 1 Tim. 2. 6. I know not what could be more emphatical to point out the Universality of Redemption But you 'l say all these general Expressions do but denote genera singulorum some of all sorts the World of the Elect or the All of Believers In answer to which I shall only put two Quaeries 1. If those general Expressions denote only the World of the Elect or the All of Believers why is it not said in Scripture that God elected all and every man the World and the whole World in that sence 't is as true that God elected them all as 't is that Christ died for them all Why then doth the holy Spirit altogether forbear those general Expressions in the matter of Election which it useth in the matter of
all on the Cross may be offered to all in the Gospel there is no Pagan in the World to whom Christ may not be offered And if there were but one great Ear or Organ of Hearing common to all how would Christ's Ministers always be filling it with Gospel But it follows not that Christ shall be preached to all for the Gospel is God's own and he may do with his own as he pleaseth and Christ who purchased for all the Being of the Gospel as far as the general Promises go yet purchased not for all the publication thereof In a word the Pagans have some glimmerings of Gospel and may be saved on Gospel-terms which shews that Christ so far died for them and that they have not the express knowledge of Christ is a deep Abyss much fitter to be adored than dived into by us Object 3. If Christ died for all men then he intercedes for all but he intercedes only for the Elect therefore he died for them only I answer that Christ doth in some sort intercede for all men and this I shall clear several ways 1. From the Nature of Christ's Intercession that is not a formal Prayer but an appearing in the Holy of Holies before the face of God as an Advocate and there presenting his Blood and Righteousness in their freshness and endless life of Merit with a Will that all the Grace purchased thereby may be dispensed to the sons of men therefore Christ even in Glory stands 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as one slain Rev. 5. 6. shewing his bleeding Wounds to make Intercession with God Hence it follows that his Intercession being a kind of celestial Oblation perfectly answers to his Oblation on the Cross he is an Advocate above so far as he was a Surety here below his Blood speaks the very same things in Heaven as it did on Earth and his Will stands in the same posture towards Sinners there as here Now how far was Christ a Surety for all Surely thus far that all may be saved if they believe else either they cannot be saved at all which is contrary to the truth of the Promise or they may be saved without a Surety which is contrary to the current of the Scriptures But if he were so far a Surety for all then he is so far an Advocate for all for he appears an Advocate in Heaven for all those for whom he appeared as a Surety on the Cross. Hence the Apostle saith in general If any man sin we have an advocate with the Father 1 Joh. 2. 1. he saith not strictly if the Elect sin but at large if any man sin we have an advocate and as the true ground-work of this general Advocation he adds he is the propitiation for the whole world Ver. 2. So far forth as he was a Propitiation for the World so far forth he is an Advocate for it And another Apostle affirms that Christ is a Mediator between God and men 1 Tim. 2. 5. he saith not betwixt God and his Church but betwixt God and men and the following words give the true reason of it Christ gave himself a ransom for all Ver. 6. he is no less a Mediator for all than he was a Ransom for all Christ's Blood shed on the Cross spake thus far for all men that they might have their pardon on Gospel-terms and afterwards being carried to Heaven it speaks the very same language for them for the voice or speech of that Blood is its Merit and that Merit is of an indeficient virtue Hence that Blood cannot be speechless because it cannot be meritless and so far on Earth as it merited for all so far in Heaven it speaks and intercedes for all Moreover as Christ's Blood speaks the same things for them in Heaven as it did on Earth so Christ's Will in Heaven stands in the same posture towards them as it did on Earth wherefore in a sort he intercedes for all 2. From the Patience of God which waits on men even such as at last perish If Christ did not stand with the Incense of his sweet-smelling Merits between the living and the dead between the reprieved Sinners on Earth and the damned Spirits in Hell the Patience of God would not wait one moment upon them 3. From the working of God's Spirit for as Christ is our Paraclete or Advocate in heaven 1 Joh. 2. 1. so the holy Spirit is Gods Para. clete or Advocate on earth Joh. 16. 7. Surely if the Advocate in Heaven spake nothing for the Non-lect the Advocate on Earth would not wooe them to salvation if the Blood of Christ did not at all plead for them the Spirit of Christ would give no touches at all upon them much less such touches as to make them taste the powers of the World to come 4. From the liberty of Prayer Simon Magus even whilest in the gall of bitterness was commanded to pray Acts 8. 22. but what without a Mediator No surely that sinful man who hath no Mediator in Heaven must not presume to pray on Earth I see no reason why a man merely mediatorless should have more lieve to pray than a Devil who is therefore without hope because without a Mediator The Apostle commands men to pray every where 1 Tim. 2. 8. but a little before he lays down this as the ground-work there is one Mediator between God and men the man Christ Jesus who gave himself a ransom for all Ver. 5 and 6. The Mediation of Christ opens the door to Prayer Wherefore as to this Objection I answer thus Christ intercedes for all men in such sort as he died for them I say in such sort for there is a vast difference between his general Intercession for all and his special Intercession for the Elect For as Christ by his Blood shed on the Cross merited for all in general that they might be saved on Gospel-terms and merited for the Elect in special that they should believe and be saved so by the same blood presented in Heaven he intercedes for all that they may be saved on Gospel-terms and intercedes for the Elect that they may believe and be saved And thus he is the complete Mediator of the Covenant as the general Promises extend to all so answerably he intercedes for all and as the special Promises point only at the Elect so proportionably he intercedes for the Elect. Object 4. If Christ died for all men then he was a Surety for all and satisfied for the sins of all and consequently God hath a double Satisfaction one in Christ the Surety and another in the persons of the Damned which is against the nature of his Justice In this Argument are two consequences to be weighed 1. If Christ died for all then he was a Surety for all satisfied for the sins of all 2. If Christ so satisfied for the sins of all then God hath a double Satisfaction which is against Justice As to the first consequence I admit it as a
the same to their own destruction Oh! what rare Perfections did he set up in the Angels and yet he eternally foresaw a great part of them apostatizing and dropping to Hell What an excellent Image of Holiness did he stamp upon Adam and yet he eternally foresaw him falling and breaking all his Glory by the the Fall what waitings of Patience wooings of the Gospel and touches of the holy Spirit doth he dispense to such men as he eternally foresaw would abuse all these and yet in all this God's Wisdom suffers not The very same I may say of Christ's dying for such as abuse this great blessing neither is there here any failing in the efficacious Will of God for he wills that the Elect shall believe and be saved and he wills that the rest shall be saved if they believe and both these Wills are accomplished the first in the Event of Faith and Salvation and the latter in the Connexion between Faith and Salvation even as to all men God may be said to will the Salvation of men through Christ's Death two ways either because he wills that Christ's Death should be a Price infallibly procuring their Faith and Salvation or else because he wills that there should be in Christ's Death an aptness and sufficiency to save them on Gospel-terms the former Will points only at the Elect and is fulfilled in their Grace and Glory the latter extends to all men and is fulfilled in the aptness and sufficiency of Christ's Death to save them on Gospel-terms in both God's Will hath its effect Neither lastly is there any loss in Christ's purchase for what did he purchase As for the Elect he purchased Faith and Salvation and as for the rest he purchased Salvation on Gospel-terms in both he hath what he paid for for the Elect believe and are saved and the rest may be saved if they believe therefore when men by their Unbelief barr themselves of the benefit of Christ's Death and make him in that respect cry out I have laboured in vain yet he adds surely my judgment is with the Lord Isai. 49. 4. as if he had said For all this never a drop of my Blood is irrationally shed for God with whom my judgment is knows that I purchased Salvation for them on Gospel-terms although they by their Unbelief deprive themselves of the benefit of the Purchase If final Unbelievers should be saved Christ should have more than his Purchase but if they are not saved he hath no less for he purchased Salvation for them on Gospel-terms which they do not perform through their own voluntary Unbelief Object 6. If Christ died for all men then he loves all with the greatest degree of Love for greater love hath no man than this that a man lay down his life for his friends Joh. 15. 13. and this must needs be the greatest degree of love because it draws all other things after it If God gave his own Son for us how shall he not with him freely give us all things Rom. 8. 32 But Christ doth not love all with the greatest degree of love neither doth God give all things to them therefore Christ did not die for all I confess that Christ doth not love all men with the greatest degree of love neither doth God bestow all blessings on them wherefore we must examine these places from whence these Inferences are made As for the first place greater love hath no man than this that a man lay down his life for his friends it doth import one of these two things either it doth import that he that dieth for his friends hath the greatest degree or height of internal love towards them or else it imports that a mans death for his friends is the greatest external effect and proof of his love the first cannot be the meaning of the place for if it be the greatest and most intense degree of love to die for our friends what is it to die for our enemies as Christ did If it be the height and top of love to lay down our lives how can that be done without any love at all as the Apostle supposeth 1 Cor. 13. 3 The Apostle commands us to lay down our lives for the brethren 1 Joh. 3. 16. but when a man doth it he is not to have the same degree of love towards all the Brethren for he is to love those most in whom there is most of God and to whom he is nearest in Nature Jesus Christ laid down his life for all the Elect yet without doubt his love was greater to his Apostles than to ordinary Christians nay and among the Apostles there was one dearly beloved one who lay in his bosom Joh. 13. 23. Wherefore the meaning of the words is not that he that dieth for his friends hath the greatest degree or height of internal love towards them but that such a death is the greatest effect and proof of his love Christ in the 12. Verse exhorted his Disciples to love one another and in this 13. Verse he shews what is the greatest outward evidence of love viz. to die for our friends Now albeit Christ died for all men and that Death was a great and high proof of his Love nothing hinders but that Christ over and besides his common Philanthropy to all may bear a special affection to the Elect the Universality of his Death infers not a Parity in his Love If Jacob had died for all his Sons yet he might have loved Joseph and Benjamin above the rest and left them some special Legacies If Christ died for all men yet he may and doth love his Elect above others and leave some secret Love-tokens upon their hearts As for the second place If God delivered up his Son for us how shall he not with him freely give us all things Rom. 8. 32. the Key to unlock this Text is the word Us Who are the Us in the Text Who but the Elect of God Ver. 33. who according to Election are effectually called Ver. 28. and upon their Callings are justified and glorified Ver. 30 These are the Us in the Text wherefore the plain meaning of it is not that if God gave his Son for all men he would give them all things but that if God gave his Son for the Elect he would give them all things viz. all things necessary to Salvation the Text extends not to all men But you 'l say though the Text extend not to all men yet the Argument doth for if the Argument be good that if God gave his Son for the Elect he would give them all things then the Argument is as good that if God gave his Son for all men he would give them all things I answer that if God's Intention and Love in giving his Son for all were one and the same towards all the consequence were undeniable but seeing God in giving his Son had towards the Elect a special Love and Intention to bestow Grace and Glory on them
and towards the rest but a common Philanthropy and Ordination that they might be saved on Gospel-terms hence it is clear that albeit the giving of all things to the Elect may be inferred from his giving his Son for them yet the giving of all things to all men cannot be inferred from his giving his Son for them all because in that gift there was not the same Love and Intention towards all Wherefore I conclude that Christ died for all and yet neither are all loved with the greatest degree of love nor yet are all blessings conferred upon them Object 7. If Christ would not pray for all men then he died not for all but Christ would not pray for all for he saith I pray for them I pray not for the world Joh. 17. 9. Answ. This Argument must be formed one of these two ways either thus If Christ prayed not at all for the Non-elect then he did not at all die for them but he prayed not at all for them Ergo he died not for them Now here I must deny the Minor for even upon the Cross he prayed for his Crucifiers Father forgive them Luk. 23. 34. not that he would have them forgiven though final Impenitents and Unbelievers for that would have been against his Father's purpose and his own purchase but that he would have them forgiven if they did believe and repent which was congruous to both But suppose there had been no vocal Prayer of Christ for them yet surely there was a mental one for he could not but desire of God to have all the fruits of his Passion amongst which one was that all men might be saved on Gospel-terms that grand Gospel-axiom whosoever believes shall be saved was no doubt one of his desires for it cost his precious Blood wherefore the Non-elect were not totally excluded from his Prayers Or else the Argument must be formed thus If Christ prayed not for the non-elect in that famous Prayer Joh. 17. then he did not die for them but he prayed not for them in that Prayer therefore he died not for them Now here the consequence fails for what kind of Prayer was that Joh. 17 'T was a Prayer peculiarly fitted for Apostles and Believers a Prayer for their perseverance in Faith Ver. 11. for their perfection in Unity Ver. 23. for their growth in Sanctification Ver. 17. for their abode with him in Glory Ver. 24. and in all respects a Prayer which could be congruously prayed for no other but Believers Ver. 20. Now that Christ did not pray such a Prayer for all men as was only proper for Believers doth not conclude either that he did not at all pray for them or that he did not at all die for them Thus much in answer to the first Quaere Whether Christ died for all men I pass on to the second Quaere 2. Whether Christ died equally for all men I answer that albeit Christ died in some sort for all men and by virtue of his Death all men if Believers should equally be saved nevertheless Christ did not die equally for them all but after a special manner for the Elect above and beyond all others and this I shall demonstrate by several Arguments drawn 1. From the Will of God 2. From the Covenant of Grace 3. From the Issue of Christ. 4. From the Working of the holy Spirit 5. From the Blessings purchased 6. From the Intercession of Christ. 7. From the Event following upon Christ's Death 8. From the special Expressions in Scripture 1. I argue from the Will of God Christ's Death is the meritorious Cause of Salvation and respects men more or less proportionably as God's Will which is the fontal Cause thereof doth more or less respect them God wills that all men should be saved if they believe proportionably Christ died for them all God wills that the Elect should infallibly believe and be saved and sutably Christ died for them in a special way there is a peculiarity in Christ's Redemption answering to the peculiarity of God's Love God eternally resolved with himself that he would have a Church and a peculiar people and Christ gave himself for it that he might sanctifie and cleanse it with the washing of water by the word that he might present it to himself à glorious Church without spot or wrinkle Eph. 5. 25 26 27. He gave himself for us that he might redeem us from all iniquity and purifie to himself a peculiar people zealous of good works Tit. 2. 14. If Christ had given himself thus far for all all would have been his Church and People You will say Unbelief is the only Obstacle I answer that if Christ had given himself for all that he might wash them as he washes the Church and redeem them from all iniquity as he redeems his peculiar ones there would have been no such thing as Unbelief left among men that Christ who washes out every spot and wrinkle would not have left Unbelief that Christ who redeems from all iniquity would not have left Unbelief no not in any one man's heart nay I may truly say he could not leave it there because he could not lose his end nor shed one drop of his Blood in vain There are among men some chosen ones such as are chosen out from among men and chosen out of the World Joh. 15. 19. and Christ in his Death had a special eye upon these Hence proportionably to their Election they are said to be redeemed from among men Rev. 14. 4. and redeemed out of every kindred and tongue and people and nation Rev. 5. 9. Now how is it possible that all men should be thus redeemed Christ's Death as it respects all men redeems them as I may so say from among Devils for that it renders them capable of mercy which Devils are not but Christ's Death as it respects the Elect redeems them even from among men for that it procures Faith for them and thereby pulls them out of the unbelieving World and what is peculiar Redemption if this be not But you 'l say these are said to be redeemed from among men not because Christ specially died for them above others but because these particularly applied his Death by Faith which others did not I answer that either this Application by Faith was merited by Christ's Death or not if so then Christ redeemed them in a special manner because by his Death he impetrated Faith for them which he did not for all if not then they were redeemed from among men by themselves and their own free Will and not by Christ and his Death which I tremble to think puts the lye upon the Church triumphant who sing the new Song to the Lamb in these words Thou wast slain and hast redeemed us to God by thy blood out of every kindred tongue people nation Rev. 5. 9. How can that Blood of Christ which merited alike for all men redeem one man from another How can it
Nature 't is a Nullity in naturals and if a rational Creature be separate from the God of Grace he is a Nullity in spirituals Sure if he were any thing at all he might speak or think but he can do neither As running a fountain of Words as his tongue is he cannot say Jesus is the Lord 1 Cor. 12. 3. and as swarming a Hive of Thoughts as his Heart is he cannot think any thing as of himself 2 Cor. 3. 5. The great Apostle gives a double account of himself an account what he is in himself I am nothing saith he 2 Cor. 12. 11. and an account what he is by Grace by the grace of God I am what I am 1 Cor. 15. 10. all his nothingness is in and of himself and all his spiritual essence is in and of Grace A mere Natural man is nothing in Spirituals his eyes are on that which is not Prov. 23. 5. his joy is in a thing of nought Amos 6. 13. and all the false Gods in his heart are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 nihilitates nothingnesses Psal. 96. 5. As they are Creatures in the World they are Beings but as they are Idols in his 〈◊〉 they are nothing nothing to make a God of and he who makes them such is like unto them even nothing in Spirituals 2. 'T is a State of Enmity against God he is not only a Stranger but an enemy too Col. 1. 21. nay which is more his carnal Mind is enmity against God Rom. 8. 7. Enmity is irreconcileable it is not subject to the Law of God neither indeed can be not unless the Enmity be slain in it nay further the Apostle call the Gentiles 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 haters of God Rom. 1. 30. and Hatred is Enmity boiled up to the height Hatred saith the Philosopher seeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Not-being of the thing hated and such is man's Wickedness that strikes as it were at the Life and Being of God it had rather that God should not be than that Lusts should be restrained The Scripture sets out some grand Enemies as opposing God openly and upon the Stage of the World and by what they did openly we may discern what spirit and mystery of Iniquity is working in every Natural man's heart secretly there is in him some of the corrupt flesh of the old World somewhat of Pharaoh's spirit which secretly saith Who is the Lord that I should obey his voice Somewhat of the bloody Jew which is ready to crucifie the Son of God afresh and trample his precious blood under-foot somewhat of the proud Antichrist the man of sin which exalts it self above God it s own Reason above the Wisdom of God and its own Will above the Will of God The very same Venom and Poyson of Enmity which the Grand Enemies of God pour out openly privily lurks and works in every Natural Man Thus in general Man's State is Estrangement and Enmity But to procede 2. What is Man's State in particular in relation to his several parts Now here the same Estrangement and Enmity shews forth it self according to the Nature of each part 1. As for the Understanding 't is turned away from God the first and essential Truth and so become a Forge of lying Vanities 't is turned away from God the first and essential Light and so become a dark place nay darkness it self Eph. 5. 8. and if the light be darkness how great is that darkness So great it is that a Natural man sets an higher estimate on the Follies of Time than on the Blessedness of Eternity and rates the broken Cisterns above the Fountain of living waters 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the souly man who hath nothing but a rational Soul the Spirit of a mere man in him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God 2 Cor. 2. 14. One would think that all Truths should be welcome to a rational Soul and above all the Mysteries of Heaven but he receiveth them not And this the Apostle lays down distinctly The spirit of man knows the things of man because they are within his own Line but the things of God are only known by the Spirit of God because they are above the Sphere of natural Reason As the things of Man are above the Sphere of Sense so the things of God are above the Sphere of Reason and yet as if they were below it the Natural man counts them foolishness which evinces an extreme foolishness in his own heart he is not a Man not an understanding Creature in Spirituals Agur is a Brute in his own eyes I have not the understanding of a man saith he Prov. 30. 2. The Apostle proving all under sin asserts that there is none that understandeth Rom. 3. 11. Millions of ratinal Creatures in the World and yet there is none that understandeth and his proof is invincible there is none that seeketh after God which sure would be done if there were any spark of spiritual Understanding in him 'T is true there may be a mass of Notions in a man unconverted but not a dram of spiritual Knowledge Seeing he sees not he sees the things of God in the image or picture of the Letter but he sees them not in their liveliness and inward Glory Just as the carnal Israelites who saw their Manna and Sacrifices only in the outside but saw not Christ in them or as those false Seekers of whom Christ saith Ye seek me not because ye saw the miracles but because ye did eat of the loaves and were filled Joh. 6. 26. There was a Miracle in those very Loaves but they saw only the carnal and grosser part of the Miracle and not the Glory and Power of Christ's Deity sparkling out in it An Unconverted man knows nothing as he ought to know it no not in the midst of his notions there is no savouring tasting or practical Knowledge in him nothing but a husk shell or form of Knowledg and in the midst thereof a real enmity against the things known Whilest the light of Truth shines only in the Notion he likes it well enough but if it waken Conscience check Lust press Duty or any way offer to assume its Supremacy in his heart or life he instantly hates it as an enemy 2. As for the Will the Principle of Freedom 't is turn'd from God the primum liberum and from his service the vera libertas and so it is become servum arbitrium an arrant Slave bound in the bonds of iniquity and which is the height of Slavery 't is in love with its Bonds and which is the intenseness and intimateness of that love when Christ comes to break these Bonds 't is loth to be made free indeed the iron is so entred into his soul the Bondage is so intimate in the forlorn Will that it looks on God's service as bondage and Sins bondage as freedom and hence it is dead and lame to God's ways but runs and flies
can truly say to the Covetous God is my gold Job 22. 25. to the Ambitious God is my glory Psal. 3. 3. to the Voluptuous God is my delight Isai. 58. 14. to the Souldier God is my buckler and high tower Psal. 18. 2. to the Mariner God is my broad rivers and streams Isai. 33. 21. to the Potentates and Emperours of the World God is my crown and diadem Isai. 28. 5. and to those who with Esau have enough of the World Jacob-like I have all Gen. 33. 11. all in one even in God alone Such Resolutions as these are the proper Issues of this purposing Principle this makes the Will free indeed before it was free in Naturals but now in Spirituals which is freedom indeed When the Will fixes it self upon the Creature as its End it is in straits in a house of bondage Take the World in its own place 't is a spacious Looking-glass of God's Power and Goodness but take it as a man's End and Happiness 't is too strait and narrow for the immortal Spirit to breathe in Hence carnal Men even in the fulness of sufficiency are yet instraits Job 20. 22. but when the Will through this purposing Principle fixes it self upon God as its End 't is free indeed The Rabbins call God 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Place and a large one he is no less than an Infinity and Immensity of Goodness such as no desire or out-going of the Will can ever pass thorough Here there is Room enough for an immortal Spirit Goodness enough to satiate the rational Appetite for ever Now as the desiring Principle is Love in the Will in its first Plantation so this purposing Principle is Love further rooted and grounded in the same Faculty 3. In that it is a resting Principle such as enclines and disposes the Will to a double rest in God 1. To a Rest of Innitence 2. To a Rest of Complacence 1. To a Rest of Innitence it inclines the Will to lean and roll it self upon God and to set its faith and hope in him hereby the Heart hath an access unto God and casts and ventures it self upon him for all its happiness as being fully resolved in it self to be happy only in him And this is no other than Faith in the Will considered ut in ultimo termino in God its only resting-place We which believe saith the Apostle do enter into rest Heb. 4. 3. Faith makes a man cease from himself and enter into rest by a fiducial repose on God's All-sufficiency 2. To a Rest of Complacency it enclines the Will to delight in the Almighty Isai. 58. 14. and count him its exceeding joy Psal. 43. 4. Hereby the Soul dwells at ease or lodges in goodness as the Original hath it Psal. 25. 13. hereby it lies down in the bosom of bliss and hath peace for its tabernacle Job 5. 24. God was the Levites inheritance Deut. 18. 2. As the purposing Principle makes a man a spiritual Levite so the resting Principle gives a man an inheritance in God and this is Love in its triumph and joy inheriting all things in Gods Mercy and glorious All-sufficiency 2. This Principle of Rectitude or Holiness sets the Will right in reference to the true Means The true Means is Jesus Christ the Mediator the only way into the Holy of Holies is through the Veil of his flesh We are in a treble Incapacity of returning unto God our ultimate End We are in the Darkness of Sin and see not the right path thither and as to this Christ is the way as a Prophet teaching us by his Spirit and Word We are in the Guiltiness of Sin and dare not approach thither and as to this Christ is the way as a Priest offering up his Blood and Righteousness for us We are in the Impotency and Enmity of Sin and cannot will not of our selves return thither and as to this Christ is the way as a King subduing and ruling us by his gracious Sceptre God hath sealed Christ to all these Offices for this very end to bring us home to himself Now this Principle sets the Will right in reference to Christ in all his Offices 1. Take him as a Prophet this Principle sets the Heart right in a threefold respect 1. 'T is a Principle of humble Teachableness God who is the Soul's Centre dwelling in Light unapproachable and Christ who is in the Father's bosom being the great revealer of him this Principle enclines the Will to hearken to Christ the ear is opened or revealed to hear the great Prophet in all things There is a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or readiness of mind to let in every beam of Light and catch at every drop of Truth which falls from Christ. Before Man was a Wolf and a Lion for bruitish untractableness but now a little child may lead him Isai. 11. 6. even the least truth or message from Christ he will not be unruly or break away from it for a World but meekness and humility make him as a little Child ruleable by every word of Christ. 2. 'T is a Principle of Faith ready to receive Christ in the name of a Prophet Christ doth no sooner usher in a Truth into the Soul but this Principle clasps about it with fiducial embraces and says This is a beam from the Sun of righteousness this is a message from the Angel of the Covenant sent on purpose to setch me away to God Hereby the Soul is disposed to believe Christ's Words and receive his Testimony 3. 'T is a Principle of Love ready to embrace Christ as the Angel of God's face or presence and kiss the Son as revealing holy secrets from the Fathers bosom This Principle hangs upon Christ's myrrh-dropping lips and when he speaks it catches up his words as the words of eternal life every Truth is received in Love as from Christ's hand and above all Christ himself is very precious because he is the brightness of glory 2. Take him as a Priest this Principle sets the Heart right towards him Under the Law the Levites were given to the Priest under the Gospel those who are spiritual Levites are given to Christ the High-priest Now the Principle whereby they are given to Christ as a Priest is double 1. 'T is a Principle of Faith enclining the Soul to wash in the Laver of Christ's Blood and wrap up it self in the Robe of his Righteousness This is called in Scripture trusting in Christs name Matth. 12. 21. faith in his blood Rom. 3. 25. receiving the atonement Rom. 5. 11. and receiving the gift of righteousness Rom. 5. 17. When a Soul comes up out of the wilderness of Sin to return to God all the way it leans upon Jesus Christ Cant. 8. 5. 2. 'T is a Principle of Love enclining the Soul to love Jesus Christ as its Priest When once there are Faith-glances in the Understanding at Christ crucified and Faith-rollings in the Will upon him the holy Fire called a vehement
Flame or as it is in the Original the Flame of God Cant. 8. 6. kindles upon the heart and makes it burn with true love to Christ Oh! says the Soul this is he who made the Robe of Righteousness for me and how much love was there in every thread of it This is he who drunk off the Cup of trembling for me and how much wrath did my sins squeez into it When on Earth he bore my sins upon the Cross and now in Heaven he bears my name upon his heart his Person is all desires his Blood all preciousness his Righteousness all glory his Love all heights and depths and breadths surpassing knowledge and who can chuse but love him There is no high Priest or Sacrifice but himself no Balm or healing but in his Wounds no Intercessor above but his Blood and Righteousness no Beauty or Glory in all the visible World like that in his Cross and how can the heart refuse his Espousals This is a Principle of sweet closure with Christ this makes the Soul breathe after nay approach to Christ and when it hath a being in him such is the holy aspiration of this Principle that still it desires to be more perfectly and intimately in him no embraces near enough there 's too much distance in every union When the Soul is brother and sister and mother to him still 't would be nearer nothing less than one spirit 1 Cor. 6. 17. and when 't is so in some measure still it presses hard after more oneness with him Oh! that the Veil of darkness were quite off that the remnants of separating Corruption were quite out Oh! for more gales of Faith and Prayer to blow up this holy Fire for more effusions of the holy Unction to feed and enflame it Thus this Principle is hiatus Voluntatis the opening or thirsty gaping of the Will for more and more of Christ and all that it may dwell in God who is Love it self 3. Take him as a King this Principle sets the Heart right towards him Hence a man becomes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in a fit posture towards the kingdom of God Luk. 9. 62. and that in a threefold respect 1. This Principle is a Principle of Faith God made Christ a King Faith owns him as such God gave him all the power in heaven and earth and Faith gives him all the power in the upper and lower Faculties of the Soul This Principle rests upon him as a King able to put all his enemies under his feet Are there strong holds of Sin in us this Principle rests on him as the power of God to cast them down Are there Armies of temptations round about us this Principle rests on him as the Captain of salvation to scatter them As soon as this Principle is in the Soul the Soul is no longer where it was but translated into the kingdom of Christ Col. 1. 13. Before it was in a region of Darkness but now in a place of marvellous Light its native soil was spiritual Sodom and Egypt where Sin is a Law but now it is in the Dominions of Christ where the Law of the Spirit frees from the Law of sin and because after the Law or Reign of Sin is broken the remnants or reliques of Corruption are still in us therefore this Principle doth in a wonderful manner rest upon Christ for a more thorough purging out thereof 2. This Principle is a Principle of Love disposing the Soul to love Christ as a Melchisedek a king of righteousness and to kiss his sceptre as a sceptre of righteousness This Principle desires and delights above all places to dwell in Immanuels land and by a holy acquiescence under his Law it sits down as it were in the kingdom of God Hence the Heart is willing that Christ should reign over it that all his Enemies should be made his footstool even those that dwell in its own bosom if he come search for darling Lusts there this Principle will open every fold and unlock every secret place of the Heart to discover them If he come and slay them with the Sword of his mouth this Principle will be consenting to their death and pray So let all thine enemies perish O Lord even all the remainders of Corruption lying in my Heart 3. This Principle is a Principle of Obedience and this is no other but the two former Principles of Faith and Love conspiring together to do the Will of Christ. Christ is at the right hand of God and the Soul by Faith and Love is at the right hand of Christ Psal. 45. 9. ready to hear and do all his pleasure Ver. 10. Faith hath two Eyes whilest one is upon the propitiatory Cross the other is upon the holy Crown of Jesus Love hath two Hands and whil'st one is thrust into his side and bleeding Wounds the other is busie in keeping his righteous Laws and Commands No sooner doth a Command drop down from him but Faith catches it up Oh! says Faith this comes from the King of Kings and must be done and this great King says Love obeyed for me even to the Cross and how can I do less than obey him His commandments are all right his yoke easie his service freedom and his love constraining 3. This Principle sets the Will into a right Frame in respect of that great Obstacle Sin Sin separates between God and the Soul but this Principle separates between the Soul and Sin and this in three respects 1. As it is a Principle of Evangelical Sorrow Sin is contracted with pleasure and must be dissolved with sorrow and this dissolution will not be kindly unless the Sorrow be Evangelical Legal Sorrow is a preparative to Conversion but Evangelical is an essential ingredient in it in Legal sorrow the Heart breaks under the Fears of Hell and Death but in Evangelical it thaws under the Beams of free Grace it melts for the exceeding sinfulness of Sin it bleeds over the bleeding Wounds of Christ it grieves at the grievings of the holy Spirit it blushes and shames it self for the stains cast upon Gods Glory it is offended full fraught with displicency at its many great offences of the divine Majesty This is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 sorrow according to God 2 Cor. 7. 10. Sorrow for Sin as Sin such as God would have This turns the sweet morsels of Sin into bitter herbs and the pleasant streams of lust into blood hereby Sin is in some degree loosened out of the Heart 2. As it is a Principle of hatred enclining the Will to hate every false way The Scripture sets out Sin as a very odious thing 't is the poyson of asps Rom. 3. 13. the dogs vomit 2 Pet. 2. 22. a menstruous cloth Isai. 30. 22. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the superfluity or excrement of all evil Jam. 1. 21. enmity to God Rom. 8. 7. the abominable thing which God hates Jer. 44. 4. and that with great hatred
Hos. 9. 7. Now the Heart when this Principle is in it hates and abhorrs the taste of this poison the smell of this vomit the touch of this menstruous cloth the sight or appearance of this filthy excrement the thought of this enmity to God and the very presence of this abominable thing this hatred is the very life and spirit of Repentance As the love of Sin is the vinculum unionis or vital spirit whereby the Soul and Sin are intimately united together so the hatred of Sin is the solutio vinculi or the extinction of that vital spirit whereby the Soul and Sin are separated one from another 3. As it is a Principle of actual Reformation or forsaking of Sin and this is no other than the two former Principles of Sorrow and Hatred conspiring together to make away with Sin Sorrow nails the old Man with all his members upon the Cross there to die in pains and agonies and Hatred pierces into his very Heart and le ts out his vital Blood I mean the love of Sin that he may be sure to die and not revive again where these two are a man suffers in the flesh and ceases from sin 1 Pet. 4. 1. he cannot 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 commit sin 1 Joh. 3. 9. not so as he did before Sorrow forbids it to be the joy of his way and Hatred forbids it to be the love of his Heart and both cast it out as an unclean thing causing God's departure from the Soul 3. As to the Affections there is a Principle which tunes and harmonizes them and that in a threefold respect 1. 'T is a Principle reductive of the Affections to the Rule of Reason God in Creation made Man a Lord over Brutes anointed Reason to reign over the Affections but as soon as Man rebelled against God all within him and without him was hurled into confusion Without the brute Beasts rebelled against his person and within the brutish Lusts rebelled against his Reason but when converting Grace reduces Man into order again then the beasts of the field are at peace with him Joh 5. 23. and the Affections of the Heart throw down their arms and confess their homage to the Kingdom of Reason This Principle makes a man able to rule over his own spirit Prov. 16. 32. and say with Authority to one Affection Go and it goeth and to another come and it cometh 'T is true Moral Vertue doth in its way subject the Affections to Reason but this supernatural Principle doth it in a more excellent manner there the Subjection is to Reason as the supreme Faculty of the Soul but here it is to it as the candle of the Lord even for his sake who lighted it up for the guidance of the blind Faculties there it is to Reason as a natural Light but here it is to it as supernaturally illuminated The holy Spirit makes the Truths of the Gospel to become the Law of the mind and this Law of the mind rules over the Affections the Affections are the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Woman-part in us the head of this woman is the Man or Reason and the head of this Man is Christ and his holy unction 2. 'T is a Principle moderative of the Affections as to the things of the World Before Conversion the Earth hath its Throne in the Heart but this Principle shakes the earth out of her place before the Affections are as Sails spread open to the gales of the World but this Principle contracts and folds them up lest the spirit of the World should fill them Earthly things are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the smallest things of all 1 Cor. 6. 2. and where this Principle is a very small portion of them will suffice Agur's dimensum Daniels pulse our Saviours daily bread Pauls food and raiment Luther's Herring any thing with the word of blessing will serve the turn when there is little or nothing without still there is an 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a self-sufficiency of holy content within and when there is a concourse or affluence of all outward blessings this Principle is as Balast to keep the Heart from drowning and overwhelming it self therein there is such an holy allay upon the Soul that in the lowest ebbs of adversity it possesses all things in its God and in the highest tides of prosperity it will not be possessed by any thing in the World Alas saith the Soul all this is but thick clay and why should I lade my Eagle-affections with it All this is but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 much fancy and why should an immortal Soul be set upon it The whole World is but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a figure or shadow and that Time which invelopes it is but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 time contracted and contracted into a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for so the Apostle calls the world 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the now world 2 Tim. 4. 10. Wherefore a shadow of Affections is big enough for a figure and the shortest glance of the Heart long enough for a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a transient and momentany thing which perishes with the very using The World in Scripture is set out as a nullity a thing that is not Prov. 23. 5. and this Principle deals with it as such it makes a man rejoyce as if he rejoiced not and buy as if he possessed not the Affections like translated Enoch are not found here below because God hath translated them 3. 'T is a Principle inflammative of the Affections towards God and the things of God before the Affections run down to the World as their Centre but this Principle turns the stream of the Soul upward towards God now Love which is the Key of the heart opens unlocks it unto God Desire which is Love in motion goes out in holy breathings and thirstings after him and if he stay away from the Soul Hope which is Love in expectation looks and waits for his approaches to the Soul and when he doth approach thither Delight which is Love in rest or acquiescence joys and keeps sabbath in his presence and lest this Sabbath should be broken Fear which is the Soul's Sentinel watches against Sin as the great make-bate and incendiary and when Sin offers to enter the Soul Hatred which is the Soul's Guard shuts the doors against it with an holy displicency and antipathy and if it do enter there Anger which is the Soul's Sword strikes at it with indignation and Sorrow which is the Soul's Issue vents and lets out the corrupt blood and humours out of it and which is the heat and height of all Zeal sets the Soul on fire and makes it burn 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in that which is good for the Glory of God who is the supreme Good and against the commission of Sin which is the supreme Evil. Thus the whole 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 trade or converse of the Affections is in heaven Phil. 3. 20. This Principle
sets the Heart upon God above all it may and doth love Creatures as the Prints of his Power and Goodness Ordinances as the Conduit-pipes of his Grace and Spirit and Saints as the lively Pictures and Resemblances of his Holiness but it sets the Heart upon God above all This Principle is a Fire dropt down from Heaven into the Heart to consume the dross of Corruption and inflame the Affections towards God 't is a touch from Christ risen and sitting in Glory to raise up the Affections out of the Tombs and Graves of earthly Vanities and to quicken and inspire them with the life of God that God may be all in all therein 2. Having shewed what Conversion is in the first instant I procede to the second In the first instant the Lamps of Grace are made in the second they are lighted up in the first instant the new Creature is begotten of God in all its parts and proportions in the second it is born into the spiritual World in the first instant the Tree of Righteousness is planted in the second it buds and blossoms and brings forth precious fruit there is an actuation of gracious Principles an actual turning of the Soul to God The Understanding doth actually see God as the supreme End Christ as the true Way and Sin as the great Obstacle The Will as to God the supreme End doth actually breathe after him in holy desires fix on him by serious purposes and rest in him fiducially and complacentially for all happiness As to Christ the true way it doth actually embrace and receive him as a Prophet for Guidance and Instruction as a Priest for Satisfaction and Intercession and as a King in the Government of his Spirit and Word And as to Sin the great Obstacle it doth actually surround it with Sorrow fight against it with Hatred and overcome it by a real Reformation The Affections do actually bow down under Reasons Sceptre come off from the World's Breasts and ascend up in holy Flames towards God and under this sanctified and actually returning Soul the members of the Body become 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 weapons of righteousness actually performing and executing the commands thereof Thus all the Habits and Principles of Grace are actuated and all the Powers and Faculties of Man are actually returned unto God Now this actual Conversion comes into Being three ways 1. As from the inward vital Principles of Grace there is a divine Life and Vigour in them putting forth the Soul to Acts congruous and connatural thereunto the divine nature will be shewing forth it self the well of living water will be springing up the seed of God will be shooting forth the kingdom of heaven though but as a grain of Mustard-seed will at last become a Tree When there is a Principle of right Knowledge in the Understanding it is a well-spring of life Prov. 16. 22. and the wise who have it shall understand Dan. 12 10. When there is a Principle of Rectitude in the Will integrity will guide it and direct its way Prov. 11. 3 5. the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the rectitudes or rightnesses will love Jesus Christ Cant. 1. 4. that is such hearts as have right Principles in them will assuredly love him for the Byass of those Principles draws to it converting Israel will cast forth his roots Hos. 14. 5. the root of Faith casts forth it self in actual believing the root of Love in actual loving The root of the righteous yieldeth its fruit Prov. 12. 12. The very Nature of these Principles is to dispose the Soul to actual Conversion Even moral Vertues dispose to moral Acts how much more do supernatural Principles dispose to spiritual Acts Moral Habits are of our own house but supernatural Principles are of a higher Extraction coming down from Heaven and stiled the vertues of God 1 Pet. 2. 9. therefore there must needs be more Vertue and Vigour in them than in moral Habits which come forth out of Principles of Reason and are the Vertues of Men. 2. Actual Conversion comes into Being as from the assistant and auxiliary Grace of God When the Apostle gives account of himself as to the Principles of Grace he saith By the grace of God I am that I am all his spiritual Essence was from free Grace When he gives an account of himself as to the exercise of Grace he saith I laboured yet not I but the Grace of God which was with me 1 Cor. 15. 10. auxiliary Grace which was with him moved the Principles of Grace which made up his spiritual Essence into actual exercise The new Creature can no more do ought of it self than the old As natural Agents live and move in the God of Nature so spiritual Agents live and move in the God of Grace Wherefore that there may be actual Conversion indeed there is help from the holy One a quickning virtue from God Psal. 119. 37. a stirring up and fluttering over the nest of gracious Principles Deut. 32. 11. a supply of the Spirit Phil. 1. 19. and grace with our Spirit Philem. Ver. 25. nay in a sober sence Immanuel God with us 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Lord with us to encline our hearts to him 1 Kings 8. 57 58. God himself is as dew to Israel and then the roots of Grace cast forth themselves Hos. 14. 5. God blows and breathes upon his garden by auxiliary Grace and then the spices thereof flow out in the actual exercise of Grace Cant. 4. 16. 3. Actual Conversion comes into Being as from the Soul it self Timothy must 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 stir or blow up his grace 2 Tim. 1. 6. auxiliary Grace stirs and blows up the Principles of Grace the Principles of Grace stir and blow up the Soul and the Soul by virtue of those Principles and Assistances stirs and blows up it self unto actual Conversion Anima as a Learned Man hath it priùs act a agit priùs mota movet priùs à Deo conversà convertit se ad Deum Hence in Scripture Conversion is stiled man's act he believes to righteousness Rom. 10. 10. he returns to the Lord with all his heart 1 Sam. 7. 3. he gives himself unto the Lord 2. Cor. 8. 5. he obeys to the form of Gospel-doctrine Rom. 6. 17. still it is man's act Where we may note a remarkable difference between habitual and actual Conversion in the production of actual Conversion Man is active but in the production of gracious Principles he is passive We read in Scripture of men believing and repenting but we never read of any man who made himself a new heart and a new spirit these are of God's make only but being made the man in whom they are through auxiliary Grace doth actually turn to God Having shewed what Conversion is in the first and second instant thereof I pass on to the next and last Quaere viz. 3. Who is the Worker of Conversion and this I shall cleave asunder into three
Questions 1. Whether God be not the Author of Conversion 2. After what manner it is wrought 3. Whether God's Will be not always accomplished therein 1. Whether God be not the Author of it And to this Scripture and Reason answer in the affirmative 1. Scripture asserts it there Conversion is painted out under various Notions With reference to our old Corruption 't is called a new heart with reference to the Seed of the Word 't is a generation with reference to our natural Birth 't is a regeneration with reference to the Law in the Letter 't is the Law in the heart with reference to the World 't is a heavenly call out of it with reference to Satan 't is a translation out of his kingdom with reference to Christ 't is a coming to him by faith with reference to God 't is a returning or conversion to him with reference to our death in Sins 't is a resurrection a quickning of the dead with reference to our nullity in Spirituals 't is a creation or a new creature The Scripture phrases it many ways but still it sets forth God as the supreme Author of it Be it a new Heart God is the giver of it Ezek. 36. 26. be it a Generation or Regeneration God is the father of it Jam. 1. 18. be it the Law in the heart God is the writer of it Heb. 8. 10. be it a Call out of the World God is the caller 2 Tim. 1. 9. be it a Translation out of Satan's Kingdom God is the translator Col. 1. 13. be it a coming to Christ God is the drawer Joh. 6. 44. be it a turning or returning to God God is the converter to him the Church prays Turn us O Lord and we shall be turned Lam. 5. 21. be it a Resurrection God is the quickner Eph. 2. 5. be it a new Creation God is the creator and we are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 his workmanship created in Christ Jesus Eph. 2. 10. Every way God is the Author of Conversion even in Actual Conversion whilest the Act is Man's the Grace is God's for he worketh the Will and the Deed. 2. Reason evinces this and that 3 ways 1. Creature-weakness needs it Man cannot convert himself the Natural man 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 receiveth not the things of God 1 Cor. 2. 14. nay 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 he cannot be subject to God's Law Rom. 8. 7. as to God 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 he wants a heart Prov. 9. 4. a Stone he hath which resists God's Will but a heart he hath not to obey the same His Will is tota cupiditas a Lust rather than a Will no wonder if he cannot by his own power convert himself Conversion is a thing above the Sphere of lapsed Nature nay beyond the line of Angels Man's Heart is so dark that those stars of light cannot irradiate it and so cold that those flames of love cannot warm it there is such an Iron-sinew in it as the heavenly hosts which excel in strength cannot bow but must leave it to the Arms of the Almighty and when he doth it they joy over the Convert as a wonder of Power and Grace 2. The Excellency of the Work calls for it The Body of Nature is a rare piece but the Soul of Man is of a nobler value and in the Soul converting Grace which is but an Accident is worth more than the Soul it self 't is the Soul's Rectitude 't is glory within 't is the precious hidden man of the heart 't is the very image of God 't is Christ formed in us 't is anima in centro the Soul centred in God joined unto him and after a wonderful manner becoming one spirit with him 't is Faith in the true one Love in the essential Love a mind light in the Lord and a Will at liberty in the Will of the primum liberum and who can be Author thereof but God alone God made all things ab Angelo usque ad vermiculum from the Angel in Heaven to the Worm on Earth but in Conversion he makes a poor Worm angelize God must be owned in every Atom of Nature how much more in the great Work of Grace This is one of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the wonderful works of God Acts 2. 11. St. Austin tells a Story of one who was seduced at first but to deny God's Creatorship in the Fly afterwards came to deny it in the Bird and then in the Beast and at last in Man But if any one should procede so far as to deny him in Conversion it would be more prodigious Blasphemy than all the rest Saving Grace is a ray or sparkle of the Deity a thing merely 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 according to God Eph. 4. 24. there is more of God to be seen in it than in all the World of Creatures besides and by consequence to deny him in that is more than to deny him in all the rest 3. The Almightiness of Grace can only effect it As the Scripture sets out Conversion as a great Work so it sets out an almighty Grace as the Cause thereof He that believes acording to some Scriptures that in the work of Conversion there is a resurrection of the soul from the dead a transformation of a stony heart into flesh and a Creation of a new heart and new spirit must also believe according to other Scriptures that in the production of that Work there is put forth a divine power excellency of power and exceeding greatness of power such as raised up Christ from the dead In Conversion there is not only a light shining round about the Sinner but a light shining into him not only a waking of a sleepy Will but a quickning of a dead one not only a proposal of divine Objects but an infusion of divine Principles therefore the Grace effecting it must be almighty That in the Prophet I will put my Spirit within you and cause you to walk in my statutes Ezek. 36. 27. is as much a word of Power as the Fiat which made the World that in the Gospel the hour cometh and now is when the dead shall hear the voice of the Son of God and they that hear shall live Joh. 5. 25. sounds out as great an efficacy as that other Lazarus come forth nothing less than almighty Power can effect it 2. After what manner is it wrought Our Saviour sets out the Mystery of Regeneration by the Wind the wind bloweth where it listeth and thou hearest the sound thereof but canst not tell whence it cometh and whither it goeth so is every one that is born of the Spirit Joh. 3. 8. In Regeneration the Spirit blows with such a sound as breaks the Stone in the Heart and with such lively gales as quicken the dead Soul but the manner of this Work is in a great measure secret and incomprehensible by us If we know not how the Bones grow in the Womb how much less how Christ is
Affections are inflamed towards God and here 's the holy Fire which makes our hearts burn within us towards him Every way there is a wonderful Analogy between the Principles of the New Creature and the Properties of the Word which plainly speaks forth the aptness and congrulty of the Word to be a Means or Instrument of Conversion 2. How far or in what sence may the Word be called a Means or Instrument thereof In answer whereunto I shall first lay down two things as common Concessions and then come to the main Quaere The two Concessions are these 1. That the Word is a Means or Instrument of the Preparatives to Conversion 't is as a fire and a hammer Jer. 23. 29. When the holy Ghost blows in this Fire upon the Conscience every Sin looks like a Spark of Hell when the Almighty Arms set home this hammer it breaks the rocky Heart all to pieces No sooner doth the Commandment come home to the Heart but sin revives and the sinner dies Rom. 7. 9. the Sin which before lay as dead in the sleepy Conscience now lives and gnaws upon the Heart as if the never-dying Worm were there the sinner who before was alive in his own Self-righteousness and Self-sufficiency now is a dead man one who hath the sentence of death in himself and feels as it were the pangs of Hell in Conscience 2. That the Word is a Means or Instrument to reduce the Principles of Grace into actual Conversion When God stirs up and flutters over the Nest of gracious Principles 't is by the wings of the Spirit and Word when the Spices of the Garden flow out 't is from the North and South wind the Spirit blowing in Threatnings or Promises That which makes the Roots of Graces cast forth themselves into Acts is the Dew of auxiliary Grace and that Dew falls with the Manna of the Word That Grace with our Spirit which stirs up the Principles of Grace into exercise comes in the clothing or investiture of some holy Truth or other Hence the Apostle counts it one of his Master-pieces 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to stir up pure minds by his Epistles 2. Pet. 3. 1. These two Concessions being laid down the main Quaere is touching the production of gracious Principles Whether as to that the Word may not be an Instrument in God's Hand Many learned Divines speak of the Word as operating only morally and objectively Mr. Pemble distinguishes thus Instruments are either cooperative or passive and the Word must be one of the two cooperative it is not moving or working on the Soul by any inward force of it self it is therefore in it self a passive instrument working only per modum objecti now no Object whatsoever hath any power per se to work any thing on the Organ but is only an occasion of working And a little after he saith thus I cannot better express the manner how the holy Ghost useth the Word in the work of Sanctification than by a similitude Christ meeting a dead Coarse in the City of Nain touches the Bier and utters these words Young man I say unto thee arise but could these words do any thing to raise him No 't was Christ's invisible power that quickned the dead not his words which only declared what he meant to do by his power So in this matter of Conversion Christ bids us believe and repent but these Commands work nothing of themselves but take effect by the only power of God working upon the Heart Thus that learned man But methinks this is too low the Word of it self operates morally and objectively and shall it do no more as clothed and accompanied by the holy Spirit Surely the Scripture-strains touching the Words Efficacy are so high that it cannot be nudum signum no not as to the production of gracious Principles St. James is express of his own will begat he us 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with the word of truth Jam. 1. 18. and St. Paul is more emphatical In Christ Jesus I have begotten you 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by or through the Gospel 1 Cor. 4. 15. 't is not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 according to the Gospel but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by or through the Gospel as pointing out the Instrumentality of it in the Generation of the new Creature And St. Peter is yet in a higher strain We are born again not of corruptible seed but of incorruptible 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the word of God which liveth and abideth for ever 1 Pet. 1. 23. where besides the emphatical 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Word is stiled no less than the incorruptible Seed not only a Sampler externally shewing the figures and lineaments of the new Creature but a seed too springing up into and for ever living in the new Creature Faith which is the new Creatures Head is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by or out of hearing the word Rom. 10. 17. and so are all those sanctifying Graces which as it were make up the new Creatures Body For thus our Saviour prays Sanctifie them through thy truth thy word is truth Joh. 17. 17. and thus he practises too he sanctifies cleanses his Church by the word Eph. 5. 26. Surely those Scriptures which are able 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to make wise to salvation 2 Tim. 3. 15. must do somewhat as to the Principles of Knowledge in the Understanding that Law which is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 converting or restoring the soul Psal. 19. 7. must do somewhat as to the Principles of Grace in the Will that Word which is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 able to save the soul Jam. 1. 21. must also be able to sanctifie it because without holiness there is no seeing of God that Doctrine which is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 healing doctrine 1 Tim. 1. 10. must operate somewhat as to the Principles of Grace which heal the deadly wound of Original Corruption The converted Corinthians were Christ's Epistle and the Apostle's too written by the holy Spirit and ministred by the Apostle also 2 Cor. 3. 2 3. The Apostle's weapons were mighty through God to captivate every thought to Christ 2 Cor. 10. 4 5. which could not be if they were not also mighty through God to set up Christ's Throne in the heart These Scriptures constrain me to believe that the Word doth operate in the production of gracious Principles only not as it is alone or separate from the holy Spirit for so it operates only morally and objectively but as it is clothed in the power and virtue of the Spirit for so it becomes spirit and life to the Soul As for the Similitude used by Mr. Pemble I conceive that the raising of the young man from a natural Death and the raising of a sinner from a spiritual Death are not every way parallel For in that there was no capacity at all in the naturally dead to receive the words of Christ in this there is a passive capacity in the
119. 129. or with the convicted man God is in it of a truth 1 Cor. 14. 25. or with the Apostle The foolishness of God is wiser than men and the weakness of God is stronger than men 1 Cor. 1. 25. The Scriptures asserting this Instrumentality what if this Philosophical Objection could not be answered must therefore the holy Oracle be rejected What if Reason cannot comprehend it must therefore Faith renounce it How much better is that old Gloss Taceat Mulier in Ecclesia Let Reason be silent in the Church But for some satisfaction I shall offer four things to your consideration 1. Consider who is the principal Agent who but the Almighty and if he will appear in the word as the Expression is Acts 26. 16. what may not be done by it The Apostle was but an earthen vessel yet a Minister of the quickning Spirit because God 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 made him sufficient to be such a one 2 Cor. 3. 6. If he make the Word sufficient to regenerate who can gainsay it 2. Consider what the Instrument is 't is the Word of God the two grand Truths therein are the Law and Gospel and what are these in their eternal Idea The Law is an 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or eternal Off-shining from the divine Will as Righteous and the Gospel is an 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or eternal Off-shining from the divine Will as gracious and what are they in their external Revelation The Scripture is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 breathed out from the very mind and heart of God and therefore cannot be less than a lively Picture or Image of the divine Will Wherefore that such a Word as is the Image of the divine Will should instrumentally produce the new Creature which is the Image of the divine Nature seems to me rather congruous than impossible 3. Consider what the Principles of Grace are they are not Substances but Accidents depending upon their Subject in esse operari and may more properly be said to be increated than created now if there could be no Instrument in the Creation of Substances yet why may not there be one in the Increation of Accidents 4. Consider what a kind of Creation the production of gracious Principles is Is it every way pure Creation How then is it Generation how Resurrection Pure Creation can be neither of these You 'l say 't is Generation and Resurrection but metaphorically only very well if it be but so the Metaphor must be founded on some true likeness or analogy between these and the production of gracious Principles which is altogether unimaginable in a pure Creation It remains therefore that the production of gracious Principles is stiled all these in Scripture partly to import the excellency of the work such as cannot be fully expressed by any single one of these partly to hint out the nature of the work such as hath in it somewhat analogous to every one of these Wherefore I take it to be thus 't is a Creation because a real production of gracious Principles by Almighty Power 't is a Generation because of the immortal Seed of the Word and 't is a Resurrection because a man spiritually dead is raised up to divine life Now if there could be no Instrument in a pure Creation yet may there be one in the production of gracious Principles because that is not purely Creation though there be a creating power put forth therein 2. Object The other Objection is against the Method proposed in the two Instants viz. That first in Nature the Word is put into the Heart and then the Principles of Grace are produced which is contrary to that the natural man receives not the things of God 1 Cor. 2. 14. and contrary to that the word did not profit them not being mixed with faith Heb. 4. 2. and also contrary to the scope of that Parable where the Seed of the Word only fructifies in a good and honest heart Luk. 8. 15. for according to the Method of the two Instants the Natural man doth receive the things of God the Word doth profit before it is mixed with Faith and the Seed doth fructifie in a Heart not good or honest In answer whereunto I conceive that the Method proposed in the two Instants doth not contradict any of these Scriptures As for the first place The natural man receives not the things of God I answer that the Things or Truths of God may be received in the Heart two ways either passively by way of Impression from the holy Spirit or actually by way of actual discerning them in the Understanding and embracing them in the Will the former is a reception of them according to the obediential Capacity of the Heart the latter a reception of them according to the spiritual Faculty thereof the former doth at least in Nature go before the Principles of Grace in order to their Production the latter doth follow after the Principles of Grace as the fruit thereof The former is that which is done in the first Instant abovementioned the latter is that which is spoken of by the Apostle in the Text abovenamed for there he saith that the natural man receiveth not the things of God neither can he know them because they are spiritually discerned where evidently he speaks of such a receiving as is an actual knowing and spiritual discerning of the things of God Wherefore according to the Apostle this active receiving doth presuppose the Principles of Grace already in Being but the other passive receiving of which the Apostle there speaks not doth only presuppose an obediential Capacity in the Soul There is a double obediential Capacity in the Soul to receive the Truths of God as by way of Impression the ultimate and radical Capacity is the Rationality of the Soul and the next and immediate Capacity is that Softness of Heart which is wrought in the preparatory work of Conversion The Soul as rational is capable to receive an impression of Truths from God and as softned it is yet further disposed thereunto This is that obediential Capacity which is required in the Method of the two Instants and which the Apostle in that place doth not so much as touch upon As for the second place the word did not profit them not being mixed with faith I answer that the Word may be considered under a double Notion either as it is operative of Faith or as it is promissive of Rest to Believers Take it as operative of Faith and so it profits not being mixed with Faith otherwise faith could not come by hearing as the Apostle asserts Rom. 10. 17. but take it as promissive of Rest to Believers and so it doth not profit not being mixed with Faith that is Faith which is the Condition of the Promise not being performed the eternal Rest which is the thing promised cannot belong to them and this is clearly the Apostle's meaning for having spoken of a promise of rest Heb. 4. Ver.
apprehensive Faculty all the things of Godliness are given 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 through the knowledge of God 2 Pet. 1. 3. that 's the great Channel by which all Grace passes into the Will 2. As to the actual Conversion of the Will the Understanding is as a potent Perswader effectually inducing the Will thereunto There are three principal things in the Wills actual Conversion viz. a turning to God as its supreme End an embracing Christ as the only Way and a rejection of Sin as the great Obstacle and in all these the Will doth follow the Understanding 1. The Will doth follow the Understanding in its turn to God as the supreme End and this appears divers ways 1. The Scriptures clear it to us there we find in conjunction bethinking and turning 2 Chron. 6. 37. remembring and turning Psal. 22. 27. considering and turning Ezek 18. 28. understanding and turning Mat. 13. 15. and opening the eyes and turning Act. 26. 18. in all which places the Understanding goes before and the Will follows after There we find Conversion to be a thing wrought by Perswasion God shall perswade Japheth Gen. 9. 27. by Inshining God hath shined in our hearts 2 Cor. 4. 6. by Teaching they shall be all taught of God Joh. 6. 45. by Anointing you have an unction from the holy one 1 Joh. 2. 20. and by coming to a mans self Luk. 15. 17. first the Prodigal came to himself and then he returned to his Father the import of all which is plainly thus much That God doth actually draw home the Will unto himself through the Understanding Thy people saith the Psalmist shall be willing in the day of thy power in the beauties of holiness from the womb of the morning thou hast the dew of thy youth Psal. 110. 3. here are a willing People like the Dew for multitude but whence are they Whence but from the womb of the morning The morning of supernatural Illumination is the Womb out of which they issue As long as there is no morning in men as the Expression is Isai. 8. 20. there is no Will at all to God but as soon as the day dawns in their hearts out comes a willing People as Dew from the morning 2. The Nature of the Will holds forth thus much The Will naturally wills Blessedness or the ultimate End in general because it is a Good perfective and expletive of the Soul but the Will doth not naturally fix on this or that thing as its blessedness or ultimate End in particular One Man fixes on Mammon as his chief Good another makes his Belly his God a third is all for the Pride of Life whence is the Will thus determined Either it must be determined by it self or else by the Understanding not by it self for it is a blind Faculty and cannot of it self judg any thing to be a chief Good much less can it fix it self on it as such wherefore it must be determined by the Understanding One Man chuses Mammon to be his chief Good because as the Psalmist hath it his inward thought is that his house shall continue for ever Psal. 49. 11. that's lasting happiness saith his carnal Understanding Another makes his Belly his God because his inward thought is Eat drink and be merry Luk. 12. 19. there is nothing better saith his bruitish Understanding A third is all for the Pride of Life because his inward thought is to be a Lucifer in Self-excellencies that 's the top of Bliss saith his soaring Understanding In every one of these first the Understanding makes the Idol and then the Will doth fall down and worship Now if the Will may be determined by the Understanding to such false Beatitudes as these how much more may it be determined by the Understanding to God who is the true blessedness 3. This appears from the Excellency of that practical Understanding which draws the Will unto actual Conversion 'T is an excellent Understanding for the Object of it being in the Mount of Transfiguration it shews forth unto the Will not Creatures Chips of Being in the shell of Time but a Jehovah of Self-beingness a God of Allsufficiency dwelling in Eternity not Streams of Life or Goodness in the Creature-channel but a Fountain of living waters an Ocean of immense Goodness such as cannot be sailed over by Faith or Vision not golden or pearly Mountains but an infinite Mass of free Grace unsearchable riches of Mercy such as cannot be â—old over to all Eternity not shadows or little portions of Being but the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Revel 1. 4. the true I am the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the all things 1 Cor. 15. 28. in whom are all the rich Mines of universal Blessedness and which is the sweetness of all it shews forth this God not as reserving himself only to himself but as freely offering himself to poor worms Oh my Soul stand still and adore the opening of his Bowels and Self-motion of his Grace this Jehovah of Self-beingness and All-sufficiency will make over himself to thee this Fountain of Life and Goodness will flow out to thee this rich Mass of Grace and Mercy will portion thee this I am and ever-blessed All is an inheritance for thee and in inheriting him thou maist after a wonderful manner inherit all things This is the infinite Excellency of the Object but after what manner doth the Understanding shew it forth unto the Will Surely though as much below his worth as finite is below infinite yet in an excellent way the Understanding shews forth God unto the Will not in a dead or literal manner but with spiritual liveliness and as I may so say in sparkles of Glory for it is eternal life and Heaven it self dawns in it not darkly or at a distance but clearly and closely the day-star is up in the heart and God approaches near unto the Will his goodness passes before it and leaves some holy touches and savours thereupon not in a weak and languishing manner but powerfully and effectually The Apostle joins the demonstration of the Spirit and power together 1 Cor. 2. 4. There is such a Demonstration of the Spirit in the Understanding as cannot be denied and from thence such a Power upon the Will as cannot be frustrated not notionally only but practically it seriously presseth in upon the Will Here O rational Appetite here is a God indeed his Grace free his Mercy Self-moving take him and thou hast all lose him and thou hast nothing Now Oh! now is the accepted time the day of Salvation in his Favour there is Life in his Wrath nothing but Death If he bless thee none can curse if he curse thee none can bless now or never turn and live After this manner doth it practically press in upon the Will Now when the Understanding holds forth such an excellent Object in such an excellent manner unto the Will already principled with Grace how can it chuse but actually close in
with it Such a Knowledge being really actuated can the Will turn aside to other Objects for its happiness The simple one may turn away Prov. 1. 32. but shall a man of understanding do so A deceived heart may turn aside Isai. 44. 20. but shall the wise in heart do so A heart of unbelief may depart from the living God Heb. 3. 12. but shall a man of precious faith do so But whither can he turn What to the Riches of the World 'T is but dross to the unsearchable Riches of Christ saith the Understanding What to Honours 'T is but a blast to the true Honour which cometh of God only saith the Understanding What to Pleasures These are muddy Puddles to the pure Rivers of Pleasure above saith the Understanding This Understanding doth as it were blast all the World crucifie the Universe and by a prospect of Faith see the Heavens on fire the Earth burnt up and the Elements melting with fervent heat and can the Will fall in love with the Dust and Cinders of it Surely it will not But if the Will cannot turn aside to such false Beatitudes yet may it not suspend its Act as to the true Suspend what from its own blessedness verily thoroughly believed What from God the all in all plainly powerfully demonstrated to be such And what for just nothing for a sic volo Can it be so brutishly free at so dear a rate as to be eternally miserable Will it hang off from perfect Blessedness or can it do so and the summū malū not fall into its embraces And may a Will renewed with the holy Ghost and right set by gracious Principles do thus Surely it cannot They that know thy name will trust in thee Psal. 9. 10. and which follows upon Trust will love thee and which streams from Love will obey thee and which is the Crown of Obedience will resign up themselves to thee for all their happiness Where such an excellent Understanding goes before there the Will doth infallibly follow after even in actual Conversion unto God as its supreme End 2. The Will doth follow the Understanding in its embracing of Christ as the only way and this appears 1. From several Sciptures To know JesusChrist is eternal life Joh. 17. 3. it quickens the Will to embrace him Christ told the Woman If thou hadst known the gift of God and who it is that saith unto thee Give me to drink thou wouldest have asked of him and he would have given thee living water Joh. 4. 10. A true Knowledge of Christ would have inflamed her desires after him and those desires would have breathed out prayers for the living Water Our Saviour quotes that in the Prophets And they shall be all taught of God and and what follows upon that teaching Every man therefore saith he that hath heard and learned of the Father cometh unto me Joh. 6. 45. True Knowledge makes a man come to Christ and that without fail for 't is so in every man that hears and learns of the Father not in one or two but in every man and how doth Knowledge do this How but by glorifying Christ unto the Will The Spirit saith Christ shall glorifie me how so He shall take of mine and shall shew unto you Joh. 16. 14 15. the holy Spirit takes Christ and shews him after a wonderful manner it glorifies him in the Understanding and through the Understanding it glorifies him before the Will and so the Will is sweetly and strongly drawn unto him 2. From the Will it self If the Will be determined by the Understanding unto God as its ultimate End then is it also determined by the Understanding unto Christ as the only way thereunto Indeed if the Understanding did propose an End and withal two distinct ways of equal tendency thereunto then the Will might be free to either of those ways But when the Understanding proposes God as the End and Christ as the only Way to that End then the Will must infallibly close in with Christ it must or lose its End or Blessedness it must or the summū malū will fall into its arms When the Understanding tells the Will in good earnest there is no other way but one there is no other Name under Heaven but Jesus only the Will is sweetly constrained into his embraces 3. From the Understanding which shews forth Christ to be the perfect Way sutable to all our wants in our passage to God the true End Thou wouldest come to God but for the weight of Sin and Wrath Loe here is an High-priest with Expiating Blood thou wouldst come to God but thou knowest not the way thither here 's a Prophet with words of Light and Life thou wouldst come to God but for the pressure of thy reigning Lusts here 's a King with a Sceptre of Righteousness to subdue them thou wouldst come to God but for want of a gracious Heart here 's a Treasury of all Grace and Holiness The Understanding still points at Christ Art thou in darkness he is a sun of righteousness Art thou in death he is the resurrection and the life Art thou a withered branch he is a root of fatness and sweetness Art thou a lost and half-damned Creature he is a Saviour able to save to the uttermost This Understanding glorifies Christ in all his Offices sings the sing of the Lamb and cries him up for altogether precious this is the Window or Lattess at which his all-fair Person looks in upon the Will the Conduit through which the sweet Ointment of his Name is poured out unto the Will and the Crucifix which shews forth his bloody Passion in lively colours before the Will This Understanding practically presses the Will to embrace him O my Soul now hear and live take him and everlasting Mercy meets thee leave him and devouring Justice overtakes thee catch hold on this Prince of Life or die for ever look up to this Brightness of Glory or be in utter Darkness wash in his Blood or bleed in eternal Flames put on his righteousness or be naked to all Eternity there is no way into the Holy of Holies but through the Veil of his Flesh enter and thou hast an ever-blessed God to make thee happy neglect and thou hast a righteous God to make thee for ever miserable When Christ through the Understanding thus pours out his precious Name as an Ointment unto the Will how can it chuse but love him When through this hole of the door he thus drops in his sweet-smelling Truths upon the Will how can it chuse but rise and open to him If it do not whither will it turn What to the Creatures they are all Blackamoors to this all-lovely Jesus What to repentant Tears those want washing in his Blood What to its good Works and Righteousness they are but a filthy Rag. There is such a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 such a transcendent Excellency in the Knowledge of Christ that it makes all other things
a thing will you say What saith holy Stephen Ye stiff-necked and uncircumcised in heart and ears you do always resist the holy Ghost as your fathers did so do ye Acts 7. 51. To which I answer That the Spirit may be said to be resisted two ways either as it is in the external Ministry or as it comes in the internal Operations It may be said to be resisted in the external Ministry He that despiseth you despiseth me saith Christ Luk. 10. 16. He that despiseth despiseth not man but God saith the Apostle 1 Thess. 4. 8. When therefore it is said that they resisted the holy Ghost the meaning is not that they resisted him as to his internal Operations but that they resisted him as to the external Ministry This appears by the Context for they resisted him as their fathers did ver 51. and how was that The next Verse tells us Which of the Prophets have not your fathers persecuted Ver. 52 Their resistance of the Spirit was in persecution of the Prophets But you 'l say Might they not also resist him as to his internal Operations I answer so much doth not appear in the Text but however the internal Operations of the Spirit are twofold some are for the production of common Graces some for the production of saving Graces such as the new Heart and new Spirit Now if the holy Ghost may be resisted as to the former Operations yet it cannot as to the latter for in these it takes away the heart of Stone the resisting Principle and gives an Heart of Flesh capable of divine Impressions 4. God doth insuperably remove the Obstacles of Conversion What is thy Mind dark nay darkness it self God can command the light out of darkness and shine into the heart 2 Cor. 4. 6. Is thine Ear deaf He can say Ephatha to it and seal instruction Job 33. 16. Is thy Heart hard and stony He can take away the stony heart and in the room of it give an heart of flesh Ezek. 36. 26. Is thy Heart barred and shut up against God He can open it as well as Lydia's Acts 16. 14. he opens and none can shut Rev. 3. 7. Doth thy Will hang back He can draw thee Joh. 6. 44. and reveal such day of power upon thy heart as shall make thee truly willing Psal. 110. 3. Dost thou go on frowardly in the way of thy heart Yet he can see thy way and heal thee Isai. 57. 17 18. Dost thou oppose the precious Gospel Yet peradventure he will give thee repentance 2 Tim. 2. 25. Whatever the Obstacle be he can remove it he can cast down 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 every height in the heart 2 Cor. 10. 5. and then what Obstacles can remain Now if God do insuperably remove the Obstacles of Conversion then he doth insuperably produce the Work of Conversion 5. If God do not work Conversion in an insuperable way then what doth he produce towards it but a mere posse convertere According to the Remonstrants Doctrine he doth not infuse Habits or vital Principles of Grace neither will they in plain direct terms assert that he doth produce actual Conversion what then doth he produce towards it but a mere posse convertere and is not a posse peccare from him also Voluntatem say the Remonstrants comitatur proprietas inseparabilis quam libertatem vocamus à qua Voluntas dicitur esse potentia quae positis omnibus praerequisitis ad agendum necessariis potest velle nolle an t velle non velle And again Semper in omni statu hujus vitae ubi legislatio praemiorum promissio poenarum interminatio hortationes preces similia locum habent voluit Deus libertatem Voluntati adesse quâ objectū ab intellectu monstratū velle potest nolle aut velle non velle Surely if the Nature and inseparable Property of the Will be such and such by the Will of God then according to the Remonstrants Doctrine a posse peccare is from God as the Author of Nature as well as a posse convertere is from him as the Author of Grace and by consequence it follows that he doth act as far towards Transgression as towards Conversion No by no means will you say it cannot be for God by his Commands Promises and the Spirit 's Motions doth promote Conversion but by his Prohibitions Threatnings and the Spirit 's Counter-motions doth beat back Transgression Very well these things shew that God's Actings touching Conversion and Transgression are not the same as to the Manner nevertheless they still remain the same as to the Terminus or product For after all the Commands Promises and Motions towards Conversion still the Terminus or Product is but a posse convertere and notwithstanding all the Prohibitions Threatnings and Motions against Transgression still there is the Terminus or Product of a posse peccare and by consequence he acts as far towards Transgression as towards Conversion Will you yet reply that God gives a posse convertere and without this Man could not convert and when he doth actually convert God concurrs thereunto I answer that according to the Remonstrants Doctrine God gives a posse peccare also and without this Man could not sin and when he doth actually sin God concurrs to the material Act thereof and where then is the Difference By the Doctrine of resistible Grace God seems to act as far towards Transgression as towards Conversion 6. If God do not work Conversion in an insuperable way then he works it in a dependent way putting Man's Will in aequilibrio as it were in an eaven Ballance that it may turn or not turn to God ad placitum Now that this last is none of God's Method clearly appears because God as beseems his infinite Wisdom works Conversion in such a way as is most depressive of the Creature and exaltative of himself the Man whom he indeed converts doth lick the Dust the fountain of Blood in his Nature is broken up and the superfluity of Naughtiness in his Life set in order before him he falls down in self-abhorrencies and cannot deny but that he is a Beast in his sensual Sins and a Devil in his spiritual he perceives his spiritual Poverty to be extreme so many thousand Talents owing to divine Justice and nothing at all to pay a shameful nakedness in his Soul and not a rag of Righteousness to cover it as a wretched half-damned Creature down he goes to the brink of Hell and from thence be hath a prospect of Heaven down he goes into the Abyss of his own Nullity and from thence hath some glimpses of Christ's Allness His first breath of spiritual Life is a groaning under the weight of Sin Oh! the intimate love of Sin says he 't will never out unless my heart be broken all to pieces Oh! the obdurate Stone in my Heart it cannot be mollified but by Almighty Grace Oh! my dead Heart nothing can quicken it
but a resurrection Oh! my nothingness in Spirituals there must be a creation or I shall never be any thing Oh! the miserable down-cast when I fell from God into my self I can never get up again unless I be unhinged and unselved unless the Spirit lift me up out of my own Iness and Egoity Oh! that I were once out of my own carnal Reason and in the light of life that I were once out of mine own rebellious Will and in the will of God if ever I live 't is not I but Christ in me if ever I labour 't is not I but Grace in me I can write an I upon nothing but my sins if ever I be true to God 't is the holy anointing if ever I be willing 't is the day of God's power Oh! the Cross-bars in my perverse Heart none can shoot them back but the Almighty fingers Oh! the Plague of Apostasie in my lying Heart nothing can heal it but the holy unction if God do not write his Law in my heart there will be nothing but wickedness there if he do not let down some holy Fire into my Affections there will be nothing but Earth there Flesh is Grass and God Glory Man nothing and Grace all God's Mercy is all and the Willer or Runner nothing God's Encrease is all and the Planter or Waterer nothing Thus in Conversion all glorying is cut off and pride stained God as a God is very high upon his Throne-of free Grace and Man as Man very low upon the Dunghill of his own baseness The little ones enter into the Land of Promise the poor are evangelized the dry Wilderness gapes for distillations of Grace the poor weeping soul which bears the precious seed of Self-nothingness and mourns after a supply from free Grace alone shall be sure of the sheaf of comfort at last But now if God in working Conversion doth only put the Will in aequilibrio whether it will turn or not then the Method is quite another thing Lie not O Man upon thy face shake off the dust of Creature-weakness talk no more of thy poverty and wretchedness cry not out for a Resurrection or Creation trouble not the Almighty Spirit and Grace all 's in thine own power already will and live for ever in the sweat of thine own improvements nill and all the power of Grace cannot change thee will and take the Crown of thy self-differencing Glory â—â—ll and all the breathings and inspirations of the holy Spirit must fly away from the Birth and from the Womb. Adam left thee in the common Mass God gives thee the common Grace but thou O Man must make thy self differ from others by a right use of that Grace which they neglect Beatae vitae firmamentum est sibi fidere trust in thy own heart thy way is in thy self thy Will is the great Umpire whether thou wilt be God's or not After all the swasions of Precepts and Promises after creating and quickning Grace hath done its utmost after the living Spirit hath tried to write the Law in thee shall all this be something or nothing Shall the new Creature come forth or not Which shall abide in thy Heart Law or Lust Thou thy self must determine the business God made the Heart and all the Wheels therein but the Motion is thine own Christ hath all the power in Heaven and Earth but the actual Turn is in thine own hand alone Thus according to this Doctrine Man is exalted and God is abased free Will hath the Throne and free Grace waits upon her Man in his first Transgression would have been a God in his Understanding and now in his Conversion he becomes one in his Will turning the Scale of Grace one way or other as he pleaseth 2. Having proved in general that God works Conversion in an insuperable way I procede to prove it in particular with respect to the two Instants of Conversion 1. As to the first Instant God works the Habits or Principles of Grace in an insuperable way and to make this appear 1. Let us compare them with the Remonstrants posse convertere They because they would own somewhat more than mere moral Grace in Regeneration tell us potentiam credendi ante omnia conferri dicimus per irresistibilem gratiam Now if the posse convertere be wrought in an insuperable way why should not the Habits or Principles of Grace be so wrought how is the Wills Liberty impeached by the one more than by the other Which way can the Will resist the infusion of the one more than of the other I know no difference between them as to these things Wherefore supposing what I have proved before that there are such Habits of Grace it follows that they are wrought in an insuperable way 2. There is in Man's Soul an obediential Capacity to receive the Habits or Principles of Grace there is a Capacity and therefore God who fills all things can fill it there is an obediential Capacity and therefore God when ever he fills it fills it in an insuperable way for this obediential Capacity is no other than that whereby the Soul as to the receiving of gracious Principles stands in obedience to God's power and as it stands in obedience to God's power it cannot resist To have an Obediential Capacity and not stand in obedience to God's power is one Contradiction and to stand in obedience to Gods power and yet to resist is another Wherefore the Soul receiving gracious Principles from God in its obediential Capacity receives them in such a way as excludes resistance Add hereunto that if the infusion of gracious Principles can be hindred then it must be hindred either by the habitual pravity of the Soul or by the sinful Act of the Will but neither of these can do it not the habitual pravity of the Soul for then it should hinder always and in all persons for it is in all and whilest it is there it hinders and whilest it hinders it cannot be removed because there is no other way of removing it but by those gracious Principles and by consequence there should be no Capacity at all in the Soul to receive gracious Principles nor yet can the sinful Act of the Will hinder it for the Will doth not receive gracious Principles by its Act and those which it doth not receive by its Act it cannot refuse by its Act but it receives them in its obediential Capacity and therefore in an insuperable way 3. The Covenant of Grace evidences this to us I shall instance in two famous places the one is that A new heart will I give you and a new spirit will I put within you I will take away the stony heart out of your flesh and give you an heart of flesh I will put my Spirit within you and cause you to walk in my statutes Ezek. 36. 26 27. The other is that I will put my Laws in their inward parts and write them in their hearts and will
be their God and they shall be my people Jer. 31. 33. These Promises do most signally set forth the production of gracious Principles here 's the Principles themselves a new heart and a new spirit here 's the principal efficient of them the holy Spirit of God here 's a remotion of the Obstacles unto them the taking away the heart of stone here 's the next immediate Capacity of receiving them an heart of flesh here 's the way or manner of producing them a writing the Law in the heart here 's the effectual fruitfulness of them a causing to walk in God's statutes and here 's the crown or glory of all God will be their God and they his people Now when there is a Worker such as the Almighty Spirit a Remotion of the Obstacles such as the Stone of hardness an immediate Capacity such as an Heart of flesh a way of Working such as the intimate Impression of Truth a Fruit proceding such as Obedience to God's Statutes and a Crown of all such as an Interest in God How can the Grace be less than insuperable You will say These Promises were not made to the Gentiles but to the Jews and not to any singular persons among them but to the whole Nation I answer These Promises extend not only to the Jewes but to the Gentiles for these are Promises of Grace founded in Christ and in Christ Jew and Gentile are all one Gal. 3. 28. so one that the Gentiles are of the same body and partakers of the promise Eph. 3. 6. Indeed before the middle Wall of Partition was broken down they were strangers from the covenant of promise but that being gone they are fellow-heirs partaking of the root and fatness of the Olive Neither do these Promises extend to all the Nation of the Jews but to the true Israel the elect People of God whether they be Jews or Gentiles for in them only are these Promises fulfilled Had these been made to all the Jews the true God would have fulfilled them in every Jew You will say No God's Truth doth not exact such a performance for he promised to do these things not absolutely but conditionally so as men did not resist the operations of his Grace I answer If God only promise these things shall be done so as men do not resist then these Promises run thus If thy stony Heart do not resist I will give thee an Heart of Flesh if thy old Heart do not resist I will give thee a new one if thy own spirit do not resist I will give thee my Spirit and if the Law of Sin do not resist I will give my Laws into thy Heart Which Interpretation doth utterly evacuate the Glory and Power of these Promises for to be sure that Stone that old Heart that Spirit of our own that Law of Sin in us will what it can resist the operations of Grace You will say God gives unto Man a posse convertere a supernatural Faculty whereby he is able to turn unto God Now God promises to do these things not so as men in their mere Naturals do not resist but so as men furnished with that supernatural power do not resist I answer two things overthrow this Interpretation 1. In the Text it self there is not a tittle of such a Condition of Non-resistency nor of such a supernatural Power of Conversion nay on the contrary in stead of the Condition of Non-resistency it speaks of a stony heart which is a Principle of Resistency to be removed instead of a supernatural power of Conversion it implies an old heart which is powerless in the things of God to be made new 2. If God promise to do these things so as men furnished with supernatural power of Conversion do not resist then there is such a supernatural power in men before these things be wrought in them that is before there be a new or soft Heart whilest the Heart is old and stony there is such a supernatural power in them which assertion is as I take it 1. Against Scripture that divides all men into two ranks they are clean or unclean new creatures or old spiritual men born of the spirit or natural men born of the flesh but this Assertion ushers in a middle sort of men such as hang by a posse convertere between Nature and Grace with the natural man they have an old stony Heart and with the spiritual man they have a new supernatural Power in the frame of their Heart they are no better than natural and in their supernatural Power they are little less than spiritual 2. 'T is against Reason All Powers in the rational Soul flow out of Life the Power of knowing and embracing natural good things flows out of the natural Life of the Soul and the power of believing and receiving spiritual good things flows out of the supernatural Life of the Soul but this Assertion supposes a supernatural Power of Conversion without any vital Root nothing of a new Heart or Spirit and yet a supernatural Power of Conversion Wherefore rejecting these Interpretations I conclude that those Promises import the production of gracious Principles in an insuperable way 4. The Production of gracious Principles is in Scripture set out in such glorious titles as do import insuperable Grace 't is a creation Eph. 2. 10. 't is a generation Jam. 1. 18. 't is a resurrection Eph. 2. 5 6. 't is a traction Joh. 6. 44. 't is an opening of the heart Act. 16. 14. 't is a translation into Christs kingdom Col. 1. 13. Now if this be not insuperable Grace then there may be a Creation on God's part and no new Creature on mans a Generation on Gods part and no Child of Grace on mans a Resurrection on Gods part and nothing quickened on mans a Traction on Gods part and nothing coming on mans an Opening on Gods part and all shut on mans and a Translation on God's part and no Remove at all on mans and why then should such stately names of Power be set on the head of resistible Grace You 'l say all these are but Metaphors very well but Metaphors are Metaphors that is they carry in them some image or resemblance of the things themselves but there is not the least shadow of likeness or similitude between these things and resistible Grace What shadow of Creation in that which a Creature may frustrate What of Generation in that which produces nothing at all What of Resurrection when the dead need not rise What of Traction when there is no coming upon it What of Opening when there is a Heart still shut up What of Translation when there is no remove by it Take away the infallible Efficacy of Grace and it can be none of all these no not so much as metaphorically because it hath no print of likeness thereunto 5. The Scripture doth not only set out Conversion under the Glory of Metaphors but in plain terms it stiles it a Work of
Power the Gospel comes in power and in the holy Ghost 1 Thess. 1. 5. and in the demonstration of the Spirit and power 1 Cor. 2. 4. there is Power in it nay excellency of power 2 Cor. 4. 7. nay 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 exceeding greatness of power and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the working of the might of power such as raised up Jesus Christ from the dead Eph. 1. 19 20. The entire words runs thus What is the exceeding greatness of his power towards us who believe according to the working of his mighty power which he wrought in Christ when he raised him from the dead the Apostle here doth not only denote Gods Power towards Believers but also Gods Power in making them such As there is exceeding greatness of power towards Believers so those Believers did believe according to the working of his mighty power such as raised up Christ from the dead Every way a Believer in fieri and in facto esse is surrounded with Power and excellent greatness of Power Oh! what rare Eloquence what high strains are here Too much and too high in all reason for resistible Grace If the weakness of God be stronger than Man surely the Power of God in its might and excellency put forth for the production of gracious Principles cannot be resisted and overcome by him 6. The Heart which hath gracious Principles in it is God's Tabernacle and all God's Tabernacles have been built in a sure way such as cannot fail of the Effect God besides the natural Tabernacle of his Eternity hath in his condescending Grace been pleased to have three Tabernacles built for him first he had a worldly tabernacle or sanctuary Heb. 9. 1. and then 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 he tabernacled in our flesh Joh. 1. 14. and last of all he hath a tabernacle in the Hearts of men a sanctuary 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the midst of them that is in the midst of their Hearts Ezek. 37. 26. the Heart which hath gracious Principles in it is God's Tabernacle Hence God says 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 I will indwell in them 2 Cor. 6. 16. Now God himself undertook that all these Tabernacles should be built As for the first God took care to have it made exactly to a Pin as for the second God engaged that a Virgin should conceive and bring forth Immanuel as for the third God binds himself in a Promise to raise up the tabernacle of David Amos 9. 11. that is to convert the Gentiles for so it is interpreted Acts 15. 14 15 16. New Creatures are the tabernacle of David there is David the Man after God's own Heart there Christ the true David dwells in the Heart by Faith and Love Again God says I will set my sanctuary in the midst of them Ezek. 37. 26. that is I will by my sanctifying Grace turn their Hearts into an holy place for my own habitation Moreover all the Tabernaoles of God have been made in a sure way because they have been made through the overshadowing presence of the holy Spirit As for the first the Master-workman of it was Bezaleel a man as his name imports in the shadow of God filled full of the Spirit of God in all wisdom for the doing of the work As for the second there is a Bezaleel too the holy Ghost comes upon and the power of the highest overshadows the blessed Virgin and so the holy thing the pure flesh of Christ was formed in her Womb Luk. 1. 35. And as for the third there Bezaleel again they that dwell 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in his shadow shall return Hos. 14. 7. the holy Ghost comes upon the Soul and the power of free Grace overshadows it and and so Christ or the holy thing is formed therein What is said of the Apostles as to their sacred Function The holy Ghost came upon them Acts 1. 8. the same is true of all true Christians as to their spiritual Generation Thus whilest Peter spake the holy Ghost fell on them Acts 10. 44. by his Grace making them an habitation of God Lo I come and I will dwell in the midst of thee Zach. 2. 10. he comes by his Spirit and makes their Hearts a Sanctuary for himself Thus this Tabernacle is built in a sure way because pitched by God himself but now if all the Operations of Grace be resistible what becomes of this Tabernacle God may raise and raise by all the Operations of his Grace and yet the Tabernacle not go up the holy Ghost may overshadow mens Souls and yet no Christ be formed in them a holy place in mens Hearts may be sought for the Lord and none at all found All these precious Promises of condescending Grace may fall to the ground You will say What remedy for all this God will not dwell in men whether they will or not Very true but if Almighty Power connot make men willing what can do it Christ received gifts for men yea for the rebellious also that the Lord God might dwell among them Psal. 68. 18. Observe 't is for the rebellious also not that God doth dwell in them as such but that by his gifts of Grace he turns rebellious Hearts into gracious and so comes and dwells in them as his own Tabernacle Wherefore I conclude that God works the Principles of Grace in an insuperable way 2. As to the second Instant of Conversion God works actual Conversion also in an insuperable way so that sooner or later it always takes effect And this will appear 1. From the Vitality of gracious Principles as backed with auxiliary Grace there is a divine Vigor in these Principles these are a Well of living water ready to spring up a Seed of God ready to shoot forth and a Beam of the divine Nature ready to sparkle out wherefore when auxiliary Grace stirs up this Well of living water bedews this Seed of God and blows up this Beam of the divine Nature it is no wonder at all that actual Conversion should infallibly follow Auxiliary Grace stirs up the Principles of Grace these stir up the Soul and that by virtue of both the former stirs up it self unto actual Conversion and so actual Conversion comes forth into Being 2. From the Insuperability of Grace in the Illumination of the Understanding God doth enlighten the Understanding in an irresistible way he shines into the heart he puts wisdom into the hidden parts who teaches like him Job 36. 22 He teaches with a strong hand Isai. 8. 11. He teaches in the demonstration of the Spirit and power 1 Cor. 2. 4. A Demonstration is such a thing as cannot be resisted by the mind of Man and of all Demonstrations the demonstration of the Spirit is most invincible Now if the Understanding be irresistibly enlightned then the Will as I have before proved doth infallibly follow it they that know God's name will trust in it the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 will come to Jesus Christ truth if but rightly
known will make us free true Wisdom dwells with prudence and practically leads in the way of Righteousness 't is a Suada to the Will and draws it home to God in actual Conversion 3. From those Scriptures which set forth God as the Author of actual Conversion He gives 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the actual believing Phil. 1. 29. he grants repentance unto life Acts 11. 18. he works 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the very act of willing Phil. 2. 13. he causes to walk in his statutes Ezek. 36. 27. In every true Convert there is more than a mere Man the grace of God is to be seen in him Acts 11. 23. there is God in converting Paul Gal. 1. 24. In the Temple of the new Creature every thing speaks of his glory every holy breath in the Will must praise the Lord as its Author If God did not work the very Act of Willing then which I tremble to utter all the Prayers made to him for converting Grace are but God-mockeries all the Praises offered up to him for the same are but false Hallelujahs then they which glorified God in converting Paul glorified but an Idol of their own Fancy they which glorified God in the repenting Gentiles Acts 11. 18. offered but a blind Sacrifice When we pray that God's kingdom should come into our hearts we do not mean that God should put our Wills in aequilibrio but our Wills should be subdued under God's When David and his People offered willingly unto God he falls into a kind of Extasie Who am I and what is my people 1 Chron. 29. 14 And Thine O Lord is the greatness and the power and the glory and the victory Ver. 11. even the victory over hearts and All things are of thee Ver. 14. not only our Gold and Silver not only our Hearts and Wills but our very actual Willingness also You will say All this is true God works the very Act of Willing but not insuperably but so as men do not resist the Work of Grace But what 's the meaning of this God works the Will so as men do not resist not to resist is to obey Wherefore the plain meaning is God works the Act of Willing so as men do will which is very absurd Because it makes the very same Act of Willing to be the Condition of it self Again What is it for God to work the Act of Willing so as men do not resist but to work it in a way of dependence upon Man's Will and what is that but to contradict the Apostle who saith that God works the Act of willing 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of his own good pleasure if he do it of his own good pleasure surely not in a way of dependence upon Man's Will but in a glorious insuperable manner 4. From those Scriptures whose truth is so founded upon insuperable Grace that it cannot stand without it Turn thou me and I shall be turned Jer. 31. 18. Turn us unto thee O Lord and we shall be turned Lam. 5. 21. If Man's actual Turn do not infallibly follow upon God's turning Grace what truth is there in these And 's which couple both together Other sheep I must bring saith Christ and they shall hear my voice Joh. 10. 16. and which agrees with it The salvation of God is sent to the Gentiles and they will hear it Acts 28. 28. What Connexion is there betwixt Christ's bringing and Man 's hearing or betwixt Salvation sent and Man's hearing without insuperable Grace Again God says I will put my Spirit within you and you shall live Ezek. 37. 14. and I will put my Spirit within you and cause you to walk in my statutes Ezek. 36. 27. What necessity of Life or Obedience in them if the holy Spirit be given in a resistible way Again God says to Christ Thou shalt call a nation and nations shall run unto thee Isai. 55. 5. and the Church prays Draw me we will run after thee Cant. 1. 4. Where 's the truth of these Propositions if God's calling and drawing do not infer Man's running Again David prays Teach me O Lord the way of thy statutes and I shall keep it unto the end give me understanding and I shall keep thy Law Psal. 119. 33 34. Where 's the consequence of David's Obedience upon God's Teaching if Grace be superable Moreover God says I will be as dew to Israel he shall grow as the lilly and cast forth his roots as Lebanon his branches shall spread and his beauty shall be as the olive-tree Hos. 14. 5 6. Here 's Israel very florid but that which secures all is insuperable Grace nothing could hinder their spiritual prosperity who had God for their dew I say nothing not Lusts for Ephraim shall say What have I to do with Idols Ver. 8 not backslidings for God says I will heal their back-slidings Ver. 4. not barrenness for God tells them from me is thy fruit found Ver. 8. not deadness for they shall revive as the corn and grow as the vine Ver. 7. But if the Work of Grace may be frustrated then there is no certain root for all this holy fruit to stand upon 5. From those Scriptures which set forth actual Conversion as a Work of Power Thy people shall be willing in the day of thy power Psal. 110. 3. God fulfils the work of faith with power 2 Thess. 1. 11. the Principle of Faith is incomplete without its Act but God by his powerful Grace actuates it in us When our Saviour Christ told his Disciples that it was easier for a camel to go through a needles eye than for a rich man to enter into Gods kingdom they cried out with amazement Who then can be saved but our Saviour unties the knot thus The things that are unpossible with men are possible with God Luk. 18. 24 25 26 27. God by the power of his Grace can fetch off the World the Camels bunch from the Heart and so make it pass as it were through the needles eye into the Kingdom of God But now the assertors of resistible Grace may turn the words thus The things which according to the ordinary working of Grace are impossible with God are possible with Men that crowning Work of actual Conversion which is too hard and heavy for God's free Grace is absolved and dispatched out of hand by Man's free Will In the Parable of the lost Sheep we find God going after it until he find it then laying it upon his shoulders Luk. 15. 4 5. He goes after it in the Means of Grace he finds it by the intimate Inshinings of his Spirit and he lays it upon the shoulders of his power that he may bring it home to himself in actual Conversion But now if Grace be resistible the Almighty Shoulders are only put under mans Will to bear it up in aequilibrio to see whether it will go home to God or not it may be it will it may be it will not Gods Power doth but
ones Ver. 7. God's stretching out his hands is all one with his call Prov. 1. 24. but all men are not called after the â—â—me rate as the called according to purpose Wherefore this place proves not that the workings of Grace as to the Elect are resistible but that the Offers of Grace as to the Non-elect are serious God in the Means really spreading out his Arms of Grace unto them Again they urge that of our Saviour These things I say that you might be saved Joh. 5. 34. which words were spoken to them which would not come to Christ Ver. 40. but that the holy Spirit spake as inwardly and powerfully to them as to the Elect who hear and learn of the Father what Chymistry can extract it out of this Text or from what other Scripture can it be demonstrated God commands the light to shine out of darkness in some hearts 2 Cor. 4. 6. but doth he so in all Whence then are those blinded ones Ver. 4 If there be any such where is the Remonstrants Equality of Grace Where when they say that Illumination is wrought irresistibly These things cannot consist together Wherefore our Saviours words shew not forth the weakness or superableness of Grace as to the Elect but the true End and Scope of Christ's Preaching as to the Non-elect what he spake to them was in order to their Salvation Again they urge that The Pharisees and Lawyers rejected the counsel of God against themselves being not baptized of him that is of John Luk. 7. 30. Here say they is their Thesis in terminis But this place is so far from proving that the internal Grace vouchsafed to the Elect is resistible that from hence it cannot be proved that these Rejecters had any workings of internal Grace at all in them For internal Grace runs in the Veins of Ordinances and the Ordinance here spoken of was John's Baptism and that these Rejecters would not partake of at all for so saith the Text They were not baptized of him and then which way should they come by internal Grace could they have it quite out of God's Way No surely there is little or rather no reason to imagine that these Rejecters so far scorning God's Ordinance as not so much as outwardly to be made partakers thereof should yet have the workings of internal Grace in them But suppose they had some internal Working must it needs be the baptism of the holy Ghost and fire such intimate and powerful working as is in the Elect Not a tittle of this appears in the Text wherefore this place proves not that the working of Grace in the Elect is resistible but it signally shews forth the nature of divine Ordinances Every Ordinance is an Ordinance from the Will of God 't is an Appointment dropt down from Heaven 't is divinely destinated 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for edification and not for destruction 't is the Place where God records his Name 't is the Way where God would be met withal 't is the Oracle where God would be heard 't is a kind of Tabernacle of witness where God attesteth the Riches of his Grace John's Baptism was not a mere external Sign or Shadow but imported God's ordinative Counsel to bring men to Repentance 't was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to repentance as its proper End Matth. 3. 11. Gospel-preaching is not a mere sound or voice of Words but it importeth Gods ordinative Counsel to turn men unto himself Hence every true Minister is said to stand in Gods counsel and for this very End to turn them from the evil of their doings Jer. 23. 22. Every Ordinance speaks an ordinative Counsel for some spiritual End a serious Ordination for the good of Souls Oh! that every one would think so indeed how surely would they find that God is in it of a truth whosoever comes to an Ordinance so thinking justifies Gods Institution and meets his Benediction but he who comes and thinks otherwise doth by that very thought forsake the ordinance of his God and reject his counsel though not in so high and gross a manner as the Pharisees and Lawyers did who would not so much as outwardly partake of John's Baptism Again they urge that What could have been done more to my vineyard that I have not done in it Wherefore when I looked that it should bring forth grapes brought it forth wild grapes Isai. 5. 4. Here say they were omnia adhibita not a tantillum gratiae wanting here seems to be the ultimus conatus the utmost Acting of Grace even equal to those Operations of Grace which were in the Converts of the Jewish Church and that upon a double account First because God says What could be done more Secondly because God had done so much that he expected the grapes of Holiness and Obedience from them and yet after all this they brought forth wild Grapes Hence the Remonstrants conclude that Conversion is wrought in a resistible way I answer those which will take the true measure of the Grace set forth in this Text must first consider to whom this Grace was afforded 't was to the Jewish Church in common even to every member thereof this granted as it cannot be denied I procede to answer first as to that expression What could have been done more Either the meaning of it is what could have been done more in a way of internal Grace or else it is what could have been done more in a way of external Means the first cannot be the meaning that God could do no more in a way of internal Grace if God had said so in that sence the Jewish Church might have aptly answered Lord couldst thou not write the Law in every Heart Couldst thou not make a new heart in every one of us O how many unregenerate Souls are there found in me But if not that Lord couldst thou not at least have inwardly enlightned every one Couldst thou not have given him some inward dispositions to Conversion O how many ignorant Souls are there which call evil good and good evil and put darkness for light and light for darkness Isai. 5. 20 these are not so much as inwardly inlightned O! how many Atheists are there which jear and scoff at the Threatnings of God saying Let him hasten his work that we may see it let the counsel of the holy One draw nigh that we may know it Ver. 9. These are so far from any dispositions to Conversion that they scarce have the sense of a Deity in them Lord thou who didst plant me a Vineyard or visible Church couldst have planted saving Graces in every Heart thou who didst gather out the stones of publick annoyance out of me couldst have took away the privy stone of hardness out of every Heart doubtless thou art Almighty and therefore thou canst do it thou art True and therefore thou wilt do it if thou hast said it Hence it appears that that Expression What could have been done more relates not