And if these as it were Atomes shall by length of time be united they will be carried to the top of the Liquor and there will shew themselves small Oyly drops of a Golden colour leaving the Water clear although that Oyl if it be somewhat more plentiful doth usually at last fall to the bottom Nor ought this so to be interpreted as if this milky Colour were only proper to Cinamon water for it appeareth also in the Water of Cloves Nutmegs and the rest of waters drawn from Spices But I thought fit to name Cinamon above the rest because as we said a little before it doth excel other Waters And also because it is more frequently used every where CHAP. XV. Of Corrals THere are three kinds of Corrals Red Black and White The White may also conveniently be distinguished into branched starred joynted and that which is warty or knobby There is also a sort of Corral which is Red without and Black within But that which is prised above the rest in Medicine is the Red called the Male Corral of which Pedac Dioscorides lib. 5. cap. 139. Thus Sea Corral is a Shrub which drawn to the top of the Water growth hard presently and swims and as it is incompassed with aire it concretes or hardens Much of it is found in a Promontory by Syracuse The name of which is Pachyno The most commended is the Red sort of the Colour of a Daffidil stalk or of the deep coloured Sardix or Orient bright Purple Being of a long and round figure easy to break and of a like hardness in every part of it again it is of the scent of Oreweed or Sea-grass It is very full of small branches and is like in form to the Shrub Cinamon The like description to this Pliny hath lib. 32. Histo. Natur. but that he erroneously alledgeth that these Berries or litle Balls which are worn for ornament about womans Necks do grow of their own accord on this small Sea tree for it is sufficiently known at this day that they are made by Turning and that also might as well have been known heretofore Of the same reddish Beads is to be understood the most antient of Poets Orpheus in his peculiar verses of Corral in which he elegently prosecutes the vertues of it and the Fables of it also Concerning this bright sparkling Corral whether or no the true tincture of its genuine Colour can be extracted hath been already examined The Solutions made with Iuice of Lemmons or of Barberries although they delight us with a false shew yet they will not answer the thing designed Neither also will those Liquors which after abstraction remain of a Red Colour in the bottom of the Vessel Of this sort may be seen many Processes or Methods in Anselm Boetius lib. 11. Histor. Gemm Lapid cap. 154. But many more in Io. Lodov. Gansius Histor. Corral caput 7. Also amongst other late Authors The business consists in this point that a reason may be shewed how without the addition of any suspected thing there may be drawn either by Alimbeck or Retort a Red Liquor from Corrals that is a Genuine and true Tincture Expirement 1. The forecited Io. Lodov. Gansius sect 8. doth testifie that it was sometime observed by the famous Physitian of his time Iac. Zuingerus That a Tincture might be drawn by distillation in an Alimbeck if the Corral being made into a very fine Calx or Powder and being well digested with Spirit of Wine it be distilled nine times first with a gentle distillation afterwards forced over with a vehement heat so that the Water will come forth first Yellow and at last Red which is believed to be the Tincture Experiment 2. The same Gansius in the same chap. sect 16. hath this following Let the Powder of Corral be calcined with Spirit of Salt then wash the Calx with distilled water that the saltishness may be taken away After which extract it by adding Spirit of Wine Let the extractions poured back again upon the Corrals be distilled so long till the Tincture ascends by the Alimbeck From this separate the Spirit by a Balneo Note in this place that what is extracted is always to be circulated ten days space and after each time to be cohobated or poured back again and distilled This is to be done six times always adding new Spirit The Red Colour is said to come forth in the fifth distillation and in the sixth a Powder altogether Red will remain at the bottom Experiment 3. Agreeable to this way is that of Conradus Kunrath in his Medulla Distillatoria Tract 10. written upon Corral which therefore at this time we will not repeat but leave untouched Experiment 4. Daniel Sennertus lib. 5. institut Medic. pag. 3. sect 3. cap. 9. laies down the following way Let Corral dissolved in Vinegar be impregnated with Spirit of distilled Vinegar till the Salt will receive no more of that Spirit which is performed thus To one pound of Corrals add two ounces of the strongest Vinegar and distil it gently there will only distil from it an insipid phlegm The second time add to the Corrals three ounces of Vinegar and distil it again and so proceed every time adding of one Ounce of Vinegar more than formerly and continuing this so long till the Vinegar distil as sharp and strong from the Salt of Corral as it is put upon it Let the Salt so impregnated be digested for thirty days in Balneo Mariae or a Bath of hot Water and afterwards distill it in a close Reverberatory by a Retort but so that the Phlegm may be received first by it self and then the White Spirits by themselves till all the Spirits are come forth together with an Oyl Red as Blood This Spirit is to be rectified by an Alimbeck and the Red Oyl will remain at the bottom But this Spirit poured upon fresh Corral doth extract a Red Tincture like to Gum Lacca which if it be again freed from this Spirit by distillation and the Corrals be joyned with Spirit of Wine or some Cordial Water and by distilling and cohobation it will be made volatile and will then be the Tincture of Corral Experiment 5. Also this following is a compendious way Take of Red Corrals three ounces and of Sugar half a pound being finely bruised and mixed distil them in a Retort and you will see a Red Liquor to come forth But it is not to be doubted concerning these Operations that this Redness is hardly due to the Corrals but is more owing to the Spirit of Salt Salt of Vinegar Sugar and the like additions and much of it also to long digestions Insomuch that these sort of Tinctures are rather to be taken for Analogous then Genuine until the Fates grant us the true one And truly whilst I am writing this there is come to my hand the Epistle of that most excellent man Dr. Ioel Langelot chief Physitian of the Duke of Holsteen my most Noble Friend De quibusdam
there you will be supplyed with a reason very different from these by which Colours may be so changed and that with a most delightful variety to behold that adding what is necessary to be added there will suddenly result and appear new Colours 1. As Spirit of Turpentine though of it self it be clear if it be poured upon Saecharum Saturni or Sugar of Lead which is also of it self exceeding White if it be digested upon it will in a small time become a Tincture intercely or extremely Red. 2. Also Spirit of Turpentine if it be mixed with Water and strongly shook together will look like Milk although this milkiness is not lasting but this oyly Spirit ascending to the superficies is diminished or plainly vanisheth again The like of which happens if Oyl of Olives be mixed with the Lixivium or Lees of Vine Ashes 3. Distilled Oyl of Aniseeds which is wont to coagulate and grow thick with the cold Air if a Leaf of white Paper be anointed with it and a few drops of Oyl of Vitriol be poured upon it it will presently grow Red I say the Oyl of Vitriol not the Spirit 4. Syrup of Violets which is of its self of an obscure Purple Colour is changed into a vivid and brisk red if you mix by drops with it Spirit of Vitriol which knack is now known to all the Apothecaries Shops if you shall add Oyl of Tartar to this a Green Colour will emerge from thence which will perish and be lost again If you add Spirit of Vitriol to it again 5. Syrup of Piony Flowers if you mix Salt of Vitriol with it will become wholly Black the same happens to Syrup of Clove Iuly-Flowers if in the time of boyling it be stirred with an Iron Spatula 6. Tincture of Coral prepared with distilled Vinegar mixed with the Tincture of Dasey Flowers there will result from thence a Liquor of an obscure Blew 7. If you mix Silvius's Sal volatile or the like Vrinous Spirit in small quantity with the same Tincture of Dasyes or Roses there will arise an obsure Blew Colour but if you drop in a little more it will be made an obscure Red Neither can you make that Red Colour clear although you should add more Spirit or Volatile Salt to it It therefore follows that acid or sour Spirits do strike a red Colour with clearness but urinous ones with obscureness 8. A Solution of Lead made with distilled Vinegar appeareth clear like common Water If you shall add to this Oyl of Tartar per deliquium which is also clear as Water the mixture will presently grow White as Milk 9. If Antimony which is calcin'd with Nitre be boyl'd in Fountain Water the straining will be clear and almost without smell which nevertheless by pouring any Acid upon it will acquire a Saffron Colour with a stinking scent 10. Common Water in which Mercury Sublimate hath been infused doth presently grow Yellow by dropping into it Oyl of Tartar The solution of calcin'd Tin mixed with dissolved Salt of Tartar becomes Blew Dr. Willis lib. de Ferment cap. 11. 11. Quicksilver and Sal Armoniack ground together and sublimed in a bolt Head with a heat of Sand will become a white Powder which suffer'd to dissolve by it self in the Air will produce a clear Liquor like Spring Water which for all its clearness if Copper or Brass be moistned with it they will appear silver'd and if Copper Vessels be slightly rub'd with it it will render them as if they were perfectly silver'd although this be rather an incrustation or coating of them over 12. But a Powder to gild with is made thus Dip fine Lint made of Linne-Cloath in Aqua Regis in which Gold is dissolved and having cast it into a Crucible make a Circular Fire about it at a distance and so by degrees reduce it into a Powder But towards the end increase the heat by bringing the Fire nearer to the Crucible and at last if you please take out the Powder and free it from durt by pouring Water upon it it will be without splendor or shining and is of a Violet colour but if you rub it upon Silver the genuine splendor of Gold will appear which afterwards will be made more splendid and shining by polishing 13. Lignum Acanthinum or the Wood which is brought from Brazil infused in common water will communicate a pleasant redness to it like that of red Wine If you pour upon this a little distill'd Vinegar the Liquor will appear clear like white Wine but a few drops of Oyl of Tartar reduces the Colour to a deep Purple after which if you drop in Spirit of Vitriol it will be yellow like Sack if you cast on it Salt of Lead dissolved per deliquium or in the Aire the mixture will be whitish like Milk Dr. Willis lib. de Ferment cap. 11. proposeth this Experiment every Branch of which will answer the Trial but the fourth for we by adding Spirit of Vitriol could not produce a pale Yellow but made a certain obscure Blew Colour 14. Have in a readiness a solution of Vitriol and likewise by it self an infusion of Galls If you pour both of them together you will make Writing Ink. Add Spirit of Vitriol to this and the Blackness will clear up then cast in Oyl of Tartar and after a little working and heat there will appear a light Red or bright Bay Colour which by mixing Spirit of Vitriol again will be taken away all clearing up again And you may reiterate this Circle as often as you do by turns put in Oyl of Tartar or Spirit of Vitriol So that as often as you please you may render the Liquor of a light Red or Bay Colour or else clear again 15. It is also a pleasant Metamorphosis which is proposed by the excellent Mr. Daniel Major the Famous Professor of the Vniversity of Denmark Lib. de Chirurg Infusar Dub. 9. to this purpose Pour into a good transparent Glass the Saphire colour'd Water made by the help of Spirit of Sal Armoniack being put into a Brass Bason Afterwards add the common Clyssus of Antimony and the mixture being shook it will become clear but if you add to it Oyl of Tartar it will be restor'd to its former Blewness 16. Take one Ounce of the solution of Crabs eyes made with distilled Vinegar drop into it of the Salt Spirit of Sal Armoniack 120 drops and you shall perceive the matter to grow Milky and a white Powder will fall to the bottom if by turns you pour upon this Liquor as many drops of Ioac Polemanus his Tincture of the Blood-stone after some bubling the Powder which lay in the bottom will be dissolved again and the whole will be changed into an exceeding Red transparent Liquor indowed with a grateful Saline taste 17. The change of light doth also cause a new Colour to appear So we have observed the Flowers of Convolvulus or Bird-weed that sort with the Blew Flower and Ivy-shaped
Fluid and Firm Sect. 5. says thus We prepare a Menstruum by the help of which without much difficulty we can bring over the Helm at the first or second distillation so much Gold as is sufficient to communicate to the distilled Liquor a lasting Gold colour 'T is an Artifice worth remembring which Ioel Langelot in Epist. de Pretermiss relates in these words The Powder of Gold ground in the Philosophical Mill and put into a little Retort not too high an one but a plain one such as the English ones use to be press it by a sand fire by degrees and at last with a very strong fire and so it will distil a few 't is true but those exceding red drops which digested by it self or with the Tartarous Spirit of Wine will become an Aurum Potabile which is true and not sophisticate with any other peregrine or strange quality Experiment the second upon Silver Calcine Silver with Mercury sublimate after which pour upon it the very same Menstruum of which mention is made in the foregoing Experiment and so there will appear a most elegant or lovely blew Tincture upon which if you pour Spirit of Salt it will become a green Experiment the third concerning Iron The Tincture of it is reddish and is made by taking the filings of Steel in sufficient quantity Pour upon them distilled Vinegar and extract the redness afterwards pour on more distilled Vinegar and reiterate this for a Month or longer till you perceive it will extract no more redness Then joyn all the tincted Vinegar together and distil it in Balneo and put Spirit of Wine upon that which remains and digest it so long till it hath drawn a Tincture Abstract the Spirit of Wine from it by distillation pour it on again after you have done this six times the Tincture of Steel is perfect It is compleat indeed but the Tincture is much promoted by the Salt of Vinegar extracted by the Phlegm of the Spirit of Wine but yet so nevertheless that it is very probable that there is some small portion of the Iron in it Experiment the fourth about Copper Concerning this the Noble Mr. Boyl in his Book of Colours pag. 305. observes That it is a Metal upon which divers and distinct sort of Liquors do act so easily that there is scarce any Mineral that will concur to the production of so many different Colours as Copper it being dissolvable in most sorts of Menstruums To wit in Spirit of Vinegar Aqua Fortis Aqua Regis Spirit of Nitre of Vrine of Soot Oyls of divers sorts and in most other Liquors the Colours of which are not a little different and various from each other although they are comprehended within the limits of Green or Blew or of a blewish Green But it seemeth the before praised Mr. Boyl had not took notice that if the duplicate Spirit of Ioac Polemanus made of the Blood-stone and Sal Armoniack were pour'd upon Copper that the Liquor would distill over Green and that green Chrystals would shoot in it Experiment the fifth concerning the rest of the Metals Tin Lead and Quicksilver dissolved in Corrosive Waters do not tinge their Menstruums after the manner that we have related above as Gold Silver Copper and Iron do c. for these Metals are of a baser nature and whitish wherefore their solutions also are white nor is it likely they should easily pass over the Alimbeck of another colour Experiment the sixth When we make Spirit of Vitriol if there be added a little Vinegar the Spirit will come over the Alimbeck of a green Colour Also the Phlegm of Spirit of Venus or verd Aeris is greenish Experiment the seventh If you mix Sulphur Sal Armoniack and Quick-Lime and distil them by a Retort although they are Bodies which of themselves are not Red yet by distillation they yield a red Liquor which red Liquor being rub'd upon the Fingers doth colour them black Mr. Boyl de Coloribus Experim 34. Experiment the eighth Spirit of Quick-Lime prepared after the way that Basilius Valentinus prescribes in Test. Part. 5. and from him is repeated by Thomas Keslerus Process Chym. Num. 287. This before it be rectified doth please the eye with an elegant blewness Experiment the ninth Take of Vitriol calcin'd to a yellowness one part Flint-stones beaten to a Powder two parts and of Spirit of Wine as much as is sufficient to make them all into a Past. After which if you distill it by a Retort there will come forth a Red Oyl To this purpose confer with Christoph. Glucrad in Not. ad Tyrocin Ioa. Beguini lib. 11. cap. 6. Also Andreas Tenzelius in Exegest Chymiatrica and Ioan. Schroderus lib. 3. Pharmacop cap. 26. Where more Oyls of Vitriol are discovered which pass over the Retort Red. Experiment the tenth This is to be observed concerning Sinobar as well that which is Natural as that which is Artificial if you put Spirit of Turpentine upon it and then distill it by a Glass Body in Sand the Liquor which comes forth will be of a very fine Red Colour CHAP. V. Experiments upon Animals WE may admire in the Animal Kingdom the diversity of Colours with which the chief Master Picture-Drawer hath most curiously spotted many Fishes and also Shells and amongst Insects Butterflyes of all sorts and among four-footed Beasts the Leopard Linxes Tygers c. but when we come to Birds who is there that is not amazed at the Feathers of Peacocks and Parrots But whatever variety there is in this kind in general the Alimbeck makes no discovery of them for whatsoever passeth over by it as much as is hitherto discovered is Whitish only excepting from this rule those which by way of Gleaning we have annexed lest this place should be empty 1. From the several parts of a Stag or Hart various and efficacious Shop Medicines are prepared amongst which the chief are the Horns whose Spirit being drawn by a Retort shines with a Yellow or rather Golden Colour although I deny not when the Oyl is exactly separated it grows white 2. Amongst Insects Bees make Honey from which the Water which flows at the Beginning of its distillation is White but the following Spirit is first Yellow and towards the end of a Gold Colour and so distils constantly and is of many uses in Art 3. Of the Blew Water of Gnats this following Experiment is produced by Adamus Lonicerus Herb. German part ult pag. 349. Basser von gemeâ—nen Mussen gebraunt wird blaufarb Dasselbe bereite also Spreite ein Sacflein so Laufft das Basser durch das Sacflein oder zuch in die Rachel Bo du es aber in einem helm brennest so Wird der helm stiufend Water saith he distilled from common Gnats is Blewish I make it thus Spred a Cloth over a Caldron but put the Gnats into a Sack or Bag and so let them fall out of the Sack or Cloath into the Cauldron of Water which if you distil
by an Alimbeck the Alimbeck will contract a stink Thus far Leonicerus Although I do not deny that this way of distilling Gnats is partly obscure and partly defective CHAP. VI. Experiments appearing in Vegetables THere goes about a Story of a great Person that was very curious who having called together to him certain Alchymists shewed them divers Simples which having mixed together he caused them to be committed to distillation in their presence but it happened that the Liquor as it distilled did breath forth a grateful scent of Musk. When this Illustrious Person required of these Artists a reason of this Odor for they saw not the least Grain of Musk mixed with the Simples They afflicted themselves all day long and yet could produce no reason for the thing unless this Fragrant scent did arise from the mixture of the Simples in a certain proportion at length about the Evening the Nobleman discovered to them the fallacy to wit that unknown to them he had put Musk into the Nose of the Alimbeck As therefore we may counterfeit a Scent by putting into the Alimbeck Musk Civet or Odoriferous Flowers In like manner 't is possible to fain Colours since the Water in its passing carries along with it self the Tincture of those things which are imposed in the Alimbeck provided you light on such Spectators upon whom this Legerdemain or trick may pass 1. The most facile way of all is by putting Flowers into the Beak or Spout of the Alimbeck for example put in Blew-Bottle Flowers so the Water by passing through them will gain a Blew Colour Moreover this Pipe ought to be somewhat wider in its uppermost end and narrower in its lowermost as is to be seen in the Figure 3. This is a Spectacle for Mountebanks to shew upon a Stage Thus if there be four Cucurbits or Bodies full of Water all in one Furnace put an Alimbeck upon each of them let it be done so that the Alimbeck may only be seen and the Pipes or Beaks hid Let there be put into every Beak several Flowers for example Blew-Bottles Violets Marygolds Red-Roses Saffron Sanders c. suddenly by the help of the Fire the Liquors which are forced into the Receivers will obtain different Colours not without the admiration of the common People which stand by The same thing may be performed with those Bellyed Pipes put betwixt and covered 4. This also is for ostentation and shew If you take one or more Wallnuts made Hollow and Empty and fill them with the Spirit of the roots of Saphire coloured Pimpernel describ'd below in the 15th Chapter and stop them up lightly with wax Then before the Spectators take these Nuts thus filled and cast them into a vessel half full of Spirit of Wine and putting on an Alimbeck distill it in Sand from the heat within the Wax will be melted and the matter flowing out the clear Spirit will be so tinged that to admiration it will appear all Blew CHAP. VII Of Veronica or Fluellin BUt some body will answer Ah! but these are fallacies T is true But you must know that these ridiculous things are also necessary lest you be deceived your self and that you may be able to detect the fraud of others Aristotles Sentence concerning a wise man is this Qui ipse non mentitur alium mentientem facile deprehendit Who is not false himself and can easily discover the falshood of others But now passing over crafty cheats let us proceed to Operations which are Genuine and agreable to truth Veronica or Fluellin is a Plant known to all the Apothecaries and its Vertues both as to the Breast and Spleen also it s curing of Vlcers and Wounds are much cryed up to the Sick Whether it were known to the Antient Writers both Greek and Latin is uncertain Although Caesalpinus refers it to Diascorides Myosotida or Mouseare lib. 11. cap. 214. others make it another Plant. The kinds of it are commonly by Herbalists recorded to be eight amongst which the most usual is that which by Caspar Bauhinus is called Veronica Mas supina vulgatissima The Male Fluellin the Superior and most common There is prepared from it a Syrup Conserve Salt Wine and also distilled Water of the former nothing but concerning the Wine and the Water take a couple of Observations Experiment the first Take fresh Veronica when it begins to be in the Flower cut it and sprinkling it with a little Water cast it into a Glass Body and applying the like Alimbeck to it distil it by Balneo Mariae or Water So the Water which distills will not be white and limpid like to other Waters but Greenish This Greeness though it be not constant yet it will last at least three months and afterwards it will begin to vanish by degrees Experiment the second If in the place of Fountain Water you put on Wine and draw it the same way by Balneo you will then also have a Green Liquor but in which the Greenness is much deeper and will also continue for a year and longer Truly this neat Tincture which Veronica brings over the Alimbeck with it seems to be a Note or Character of the efficacy which is indulged to that Plant before a thousand others Let no Body here accuse Copper for giving this Tincture for if the distillation be made in Glass Vessels the Water of Veronica will be equally Green The latter way by Glasses is best to perform it and by that means it will clearly evidence that this Greenness doth not proceed from Copper but springs only from the peculiar Nature of the Plant. But concerning Vegetable Waters distilled by Copper Vessels not exactly Tyn'd we have observed this if they contain any thing of Copper by putting in a drop or two of the Salt Spirit of Sal Armoniack they will become Milky or White but if they have no Copper they will remain clear However the observation of Otto Tachenius an excellent Physitian of Venice may seem to look otherways concerning rose-Rose-Water distilled by a Copper-Vessel which he proposeth chap. 19. Hippocr Chymic to this sence It doth eat off certain Atoms from the Copper which are invisibly mixed with the Water Would you see the Copper drop into the Water some drops of an Vrinous Alcaly and by it the whole Water will grow greenish because the acidity of the Rose Water doth with more greediness snatch to it self the light and more like it self Alcaly than the Metal which therefore by degrees falls Green to the Bottom Whilst I am writing this a certain not inexpert Man in the Art of distillation doth affirm that the Water of Sage and also of Rosemary will be Green as well as that of Veronica if they be managed with a certain dexterity and moderate swiftness The truth of which Experience will determine CHAP. VIII Of Camomil BOtanists or Herbarists are wont to reckon ten sorts of this Plant amongst which the most eminent are the common Camomil with the
Noble Flower Single and with the full or double Flower Camomil without scent and stinking Camomil or Mayweed but I shall chiefly have to do in this place with the first sort or common Camomil The distilled Water of this is to be had in Apothecaries Shops after the manner of other waters limpid and colourless There is also to be sold its Oyl made by infusion from the Yellow Flowers But that which is made by distillation from the same Flowers is very different from this for it is deeply saturated and fill'd with a Saphire Colour very pleasing to the sight Experiment 1. Take the fresh Flowers of common Camomil sprinkle them with fair Water and bruise them together after they have stood some dayes cast them into a Copper distilling Vessel well covered with Tin and applying a Head to it distill it The Water being drawn forth you shall perceive the Oyl to swim at the top of it which though it be but little in quantity will be of a true Sky Colour Experiment 2. We have with the same success tryed the same with the dryed Flowers but the infusion of them stood for fourteen days to procure the greater extraction Experiment 3. If you mix with them a handful or two of common Salt or the like quantity of Tartar the Blew Oyl will come over in greater plenty Experiment 4. We substituted in the place of these the Flowers of Roman Camomil but we had then a Yellowish Oyl not a Saphire coloured one what there is to be found in the rest of the sorts of Camomil we have not yet tryed Experiment 5. This innate Blewishness of the Camomil is of that contagious or communicative Nature that it is able to infect other things and render them like it self For Example Take the tender tops of a Pine or Firr-tree and being cut into pieces cast them into a Copper Body adding a good quantity of Camomil Flowers distill them by themselves and there will come over a compound Oyl which may be named Oleum Pini Caeruleum or the Sky-coloured Oyl of Pines Experiment 6. After the same way you may prepare the Saphirine Oyl of Iuniper by mixing with a fit proportion of the Camomil Flowers some Iuniper Berries and this not without a communication and exaltation of the Medicinal Vertues with which the Iuniper it self doth abound Experiment 7. The same way the shavings of Lignum vitae being mixed with the Flowers of Camomil you may make a blewish Oyl which though it be well scented of it self yet adding Oyl of Rhodium to it it will be rendred more odoriferous Experiment 8. Nay these Flowers seem to be of such a disposition that whatsoever Rosiny matter they are mixed with they yeild a Saphirine Oyl An Argument worthy a further speculation whether or no by this Method many more Oyls may not be prepared against particular Diseases by the mixture of peculiar and specifick rosinous Simples Experiment 9. There is a decompound Oyl which is described by Boetius lib. 11. de Gemm Lapid cap. 43. Impostures saith he joyn the Flowers of Camomil and the white Oyl or Spirit of Turpentine and a very large proportion of Artificial Sal Armoniack They put this mixture into a Copper Body and to this they add common Water from whence they distil Water and Oyl after the common way The distilled Water contains on the Superficies or top of it Oyl of a Colour like a Saphire this is Oyl of Turpentine joyned with the Oyl of Camomil for this Herb or the Flowers of this Herb do yield some of the Oyl But the Colour is produced by the Sal Armoniack which it extracts from the Copper and communicates it to the Oyl If the Oyl be kept long it will be spoyled with age and then you will manifestly discover the Scent of Turpentine This is an usual cheat with common Chymists or Preparers of Chymical Medicines for the Shops here in London because many are deceived by this means and many Chymists are so simple to think the Colour proceedeth from the Camomil I thought fit hereto discover the Imposture Cheat and Error of Chymists Thus far Boetius who in vain suspects a fraud in this matter For as we have shewed before in the first and second Experiment that also without any manner of Salt either common or Armoniack a Skâ—-coloured Oyl may be drawn fron the Flowers of common Camomil wherefore the Colour doth not result from the Copper Body for otherways the same thing would happen in distilling other Plants in a Copper Body which nevertheless is very far from being true It remains therefore in these operations that the blewishness is produced altogether from the Flowers But what is affirmed by Boetius concerning the blew Colour being drawn out of the Copper by the Sal Armoniack signifies nothing in this case That being an Artifice commonly known to Barbers Experiment 10. As to what concerns the duration or lastingness of the Oyl we have an Oyl which was extracted from Camomil Flowers above three years since without the addition of Salt or Tartar whose Saphire Colour appears so constant that if it continue not for ever yet it seems to promise to last many years Nevertheless I do not deny what Boetius alledgeth of his false Saphire Oyl that the Blew Colour doth perish with Age and that the whitishness of the added Oyl of Turpentine will emerge or be apparent CHAP. IX Of Lignum Nephriticum or the wood against the Stone CAsper Bauhinus in pinnace Botanic calls this Wood Lignum peregrinum sive Mexicanum Aquam caeruleam reddens i. e. The strange or Mexican wood colouring Water Blew And places it among the Species or Kinds of Ash trees Franciscus Hernandes in his Book Intituled Thesaurus Rerum Medicarum Novae Hispaniae which afterwards was published by Nardus Antonius Recchus in the 4th Book chap. 25. says thus 'T is called Coatlis by others Tlapalezpatl or the Medicine of the Scarlet or Crimson coloured Blood It is a great Trees-Shrub with a body thick and without knobs like the Pear-tree wood the Leaves like Sheep Pease or Rue with a Yellow Flower growing among Prickles It is also excellently described by Nicol. Monades in his History of Simples chap. 27. in these words Mittit Nova Hispania Ligni quoddam genus crassum erode Materiae piri cujus usus jamdiu receptus fuit in his Regionibus ad Renum vitia urinaeque difficultates incommoda Postea experimento comprobatum est ejus Aquam in Iecoris Leinis obstructionibus utilem esse Illa autem hac ratione paratur Lignum assutatim minutim concisum in optima lympidissima aqua fontana maceratur atque in ea relinquitur donec aqua à bibentibus absumpta sit Dimidia Hora post injectum lignum aqua caeruleum dilutiorem colorem contrahit qui sensun intenditur pro temporis diuturnitate tametsi lignum candidum potius ruffum sit caeruleum ideo dico quoniam
adulteratur alio ligno simili quod aquam croceo colore inficit ne quis fallatur That is there is sent from New-Spain a certain kind of thick Wood without Knotts like the substance of a Pear-Tree it hath been long made use of in these parts against the distempers of the Kidnies and the difficulties and inconveniences of making Urine Afterwards it was found by experience that its Water was beneficial in the Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen It is prepared after this manner The Wood being shaved and smal cut let it be steeped in the best and clearest Fountain Water and left in it till it be consumed by those that drink it Half an hour after the Wood is put into the Water the Water will contract a pale Blew which is heightned by degrees according to the time it remains in it and yet the Wood is White or rather Brown I therefore mention this Blewness because it is counterfeited with another Wood like it which gives the Water a Saffron Colour lest any body should be deceived This 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or knack is now a daies commonly known and certainly except it were so well known it wâ—uld be more esteemed Of which Fire is an Example which although there be nothing more admirable then the nature of it yet we despise it as a common thing which were it brought from the remotest parts of the Indies and suddenly and unthought-of shewed to us I doubt not with how much amazement we should contemplate it Experiment 1. Being about therefore to search if that Golden Blewish Colour would remain with the same constancy in passing over the Alimbeck I cast into a Glass Body the infusion together with the rasped shavings of Lignum Nephriticum and drew it off The Distilling Water although it lost both the Colours and was become clear yet for all that I observed that it breathed forth a grateful rosinous Odour But the Scent of the Shavings themselves might be observed to be much more pleasing although the crude Wood of it self was almost 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 without Scent Experiment 2. We substituted in the place of Fountain Water Spirit of Wine which being poured upon the shavings in like manner became of a double Colour But being drawn over by the Alimbeck it became White like common Water And because I easily foresaw that I could do nothing further with this Wood by distillation with an Alimbeck I desisted yet nevertheless I tryed other ways and the Experiment which follows was produced thereby Experiment 3. We distilled some drops of Oyl of Tartar per deliquium into the Golden Blewish Coloured Infusion made with common Water and we perceived both the Colours remained constant Experiment 4. We poured into the same Infusion Spirit of Vitriol drop by drop and the aforesaid blewish Colour vanished the Yellow one only remaining Experiment 5. We tryed the same with Spirit of Salt Sulphur Nitre c. and the Golden Colour continued the Blew one disappearing as it did happen in Experiment the 4th A clear sign that the acid Salt by its penetrative power did infringe and otherways dispose those Particles which the Vrinous and as it were blunt Salt of Tartar could not infringe or otherwise dispose Experiment 6. Many considerable Remarks are produced concerning this Nephritick Wood by that careful and industrious searcher after Nature Mr. Boyle in his Book of Colours Experiment the 10. and in those which follow which worthily deserve to be read But I may repeat one of them here which concerns the redintegration of the once lost Blew Colour But because the Authors Relation is a little too long I will repeat it with more brevity Drop into the double coloured Infusion of the Wood a few drops of the Spirit of Wine Vinegar so the Blew Colour will vanish the Saffron one remaining Upon this pour a little Oyl of Tartar per deliquium and immediately the Blew Colour will return and the Infusion will appear as before of two Colours perhaps by the acidity of the Salt the Particles are broke and returned to their former position which were kept under by the heavy Oyl of Tartar CHAP. X. Of the Dregs of Wine of wild Carnations or Pinks and Parsley OLd Wine deposits two sorts of Excrements to wit Dregs and Tartar The Dregs are the grosser and earthly parts of the Wine which after fermentation it lets fall like Slime and Mudd to the Bottom of the Vessel it not being void of a useful saltness from whence the Wine gains strength So that taken from this root as it were and put into another Vessel it will not endure any long time but will easily degenerate Concerning the usefulness of these Faeces or Dregs we have a testimony in Brandy or Spirit of Wine which the Vintners and Distillers make from them That we may omit other uses now which are not unknown to the common people But this we suppose is hardly taken notice of by every body that an Oyl is to be prepared from these Faeces or Dregs which ascends the Alimbeck of a Green Colour In this Operation 't is to be observed that that Oyl is most green which distilleth last but this Greenness doth vanish with length of time Nay presently if you rectify the Oyl it being changed into a Yellowishness Let the distilling vessels be well covered with Tin lest you suppose the Tincture doth arise from the erotion of the Copper in its passage Many affirm that from the pressings or husks of Grapes an Oyl may be likewise made after the same manner which will ascend Green Wild Pinks or Carnations whilest they are in Flower and running up to Seed if the whole Plant be fresh gathered cut small and distilled after the usual manner there commonly swims on the top of the Water drawn by the Alimbeck a Greenish Oyl You will find the same thing to be true with the Garden Smallage or Parsley distilled after the same manner if you have wrought aright but this Greenness is but temporary and of small duration But the Oyls of Chervil and Parsley which are to be seen in the Shops are wont to be prepared by long fermentation and are of a deep Gold Colour which they constantly retain CHAP. XI Of wild Flower-de-luce IT is called Iris and receiveth its name from the similitude it hath to the Rainbow it being variously painted with the colours of divers Flowers From the Form of the Roots it may conveniently be divided into Classes the first of which is contained under that of the Bulbous or round rooted and are in number twenty the other sort is tuberous or full of swellings and of this sort truly there is but one The third sort is Geniculate knotted or jointed on the stems of which there is about sixty four the jointed are are subdivided into broad leav'd narrow leav'd and dwarfs First the broad leav'd which is called by Casper Bauhinus the common wild German Flower-de-luce which is so well known
that other sort called Saxifraga's amongst them to these called Major Vmbella Candida or the greater with the white boss or Tuft to which it approacheth very near But again it doth differ from it First In the Native Soil or place of its growth for Blew Pimpinels grow in a blackish Earth but the other in a sandy Secondly The root of Blew Pimpinels is outwardly of a gray colour and inwardly is white the other root is white both without and within Thirdly These roots do abound within with a blewish juice which is never seen in the common sort for which cause it hath seem'd convenient to me to give it the name of Blew Saxifrage Pimpinel Experiment 1. It is a wonder that so fine a Spectacle should be so long unknown which this Plant distilled can expose to the sight for if the roots either fresh or dryed be cut into pieces and Spirit of Wine poured upon them it will be tinged with a yellow Colour and if you distil it by an Alimbeck the Liquor will pass over of an exceeding Saphirine Colour The Spectators which are ignorant of the thing will be amaz'd and be ready to swear there is some juggle or cheat in it Experiment 2. But if you put the roots either cut or bruised into Oyl of Turpentine with a triple proportion of Fountain Water and afterwards shake the Glass the Oyl that swims at the top when it stands still will be Blew and if afterwards you distil all of it with a strong fire in Sand the blew colour will vanish and the Oyl which swims upon the Water will be of a Gold colour Experiment 3. Wherefore if you have a mind to transfer this operation to a Medicinal use and particularly to prepare a Physagogal blew Water then let there be added with the roots of this Pimpinel the seed of Anise Fennel and the other Carminatives or breakers of wind Experiment 4. If you have a mind to make a blew Water against the Stone then add to these roots the seeds of Winter-Cherries Parsley and such like but if you would have the blew Colour to prevail there ought to be more of the Pimpinel roots then of the rest Experiment 5. If you take equal parts of the blew Pimpinel roots and of the Herb Sun-dew and mix them together and then put them into Spirit of Wine there will flow from them distilled by an Alimbeck a Liquor of a most pleasant Sea-green colour the blewishness being refracted or broke by the native redness of the Ros Solis or Sun-dew Caution 1. No waterish Liquor will extract the Saphirine colour of these Roots but it ought to be a Spirituous Liquor but the best way of all is with Oleaginous Liquors by reason of the resemblance betwixt them and the Rosinous juice of the Roots This is further to be added if you pour Oyl of Citrons upon them they will presently after a little stay let fall their blew Colour Secondly The distillation in these Operations is not to be too gentle for then the Liquor will be white but a little brisk and swift so at first the Liquor will be of a blewish white but the latter will appear of a perfect Saphirine colour Thirdly This Blew colour as you may observe in the two former Experiments is not so very lasting but that after three or four Months it will degenerate into yellowness by degrees but it will endure the longer if it be kept out of the rayes of the Sun and in a cool place Fourthly These Roots ought to be gathered in the Spring Summer or Autumn and to be kept all the Wintâ—r for the dryed Roots as well as the fresh are fit to produce this Phaenomenon or appearance although by very long keeping the Blew juice is dissipated and after the manner of other Roots they become useless Fifthly Sometimes we steep the very fresh gathered Roots only in Oyl of Turpentine and have observed that the day following a Sea green not a Blew colour to arise And although we afterwards added a triple proportion of Water and by fits shook it strongly yet the Oyl which swam at the top remained of a Sea colour CHAP. XIV Of Cinnamon BY reason of the difficulties and length of Navigations there hath been related both by the Ancient Greek as well as Latine Authors many uncertain and also fabulous things concerning Cinnamon And from hence heretofore there hath sprang so many controversies amongst Botanists about the differences and identities of Cinnamon and Cannella which quarrels will be easily determined by reading of the writings of latter Authors The most noble sort of Cinnamon is the Cannella Zeilanica or the Cinnamon of Zeilan the next to this is that of Malaver or Iava the next is the Peruvian Nor must we pass by the Clove Cinnamon or Clove Bark so called from its tast which in this Age begins to be brought to us from the Southern Provinces of America called Guiana But the History of Cannella is above all others most exactly described by Gulielmus Piso cap. 1. and 2. of his Mantissae Aromaticae which he hath described and annexed to his splendid and neat work De Indiae utriusque re naturali atque Medica Printed Anno 1658 at Amsterdam I confess I was not a little joyed when I turning over this Volumn first beheld the Cut or Figure of the intire Cinnamon Tree having been troubled at the negligence shall I say or ignorance of the rest of Herbarists for almost every one of them in their Commentaries have hardly afforded us but one Leaf with a Berry with a small Pipe or Stem Moreover because this Author as Iohan. Iohnstonus who follows his steps in his Hist. Nat. de Arboribus is not to be found in every bodies hands and that besides there is hardly any hope left that this Tree will ever be procured to grow in our colder Clymat Therefore we esteem so much of this Cardinal and most fragrant Spice that being led by the example of Piso I have caused its Effigies to be ingraved and that it might be the better known to our Countrymen have taken care to insert it in this place Cinamon of Zeilan Tho. Cross sculp But that we may draw nearer to what we design there is made of this Bark a Water to be had in the Shops which if you reckon to be the first of Aromatical or spicy ones you will not be mistaken for it is so cordial and friendly to the Vital Spirits and doth so powerfully expel Wind in the Stomack and Guts and also is so grateful and pleasing to the Palate that it leaves other Spices much behind it They are wont to distil it with Wine or without with Borage Water either way that which first distils over the Alimbeck is of a Milky colour But this Milkiness is hardly native or true but doth proceed from the Oyl with which this Spice doth abound which being dispersed through the Water in small Particles causeth a Milky colour
Gemm cap. 269. But whether or no the following Experiment be much noted I know not and therefore will set it down Cast into a vessel of Brass or Iron with a Flat botom Alablaster or in stead of it Plaister of Paris very finely grown'd and sifted some pounds weight Apply Fire to it by degrees even to the utmost height And you shall see this Stony Powder to put on the form of a Liquor and to boyl like Waves sending up White Vapours resembling Smoak moreover if you then stir it with a Stick you will not find it to resist the motion of your hand like Sand but to yeild like Liquor which thing truly doth produce no small delight to the curious Spectator as Mr. Boyl doth witness of himself in his History of Fluidity Sect. 18. where he addeth more notes and cautions upon this thing 7. It is also a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of a species of attenuation by which Salt of Tartar is dissolved into a Liquor per deliquium And amongst Natures works it is an Illustrious Attenuation by which the thickest Ice of Rivers in the Spring time is dissolved by the heat of the Sun 8. But that we may also come to the Phaenomena or appearances of Coagulation amongst those which are best known is that of making Bread whilst the Bakers by mixing Water with Flower or Meal coagulate it into a Mass to make Bread out of The like but more compounded work is that of the Confectioner who mixeth together Butter Sugar Egs and divers other ingredients 9. But there is hardly extant a more domestick or familiar Example than the coagulation of Milk whether it be performed by Calves or Lambs Runnit or by juice of Limons or by sowre Herbs Spirit of Vitriol or other acid Salt by which means the fluid substance of the Milk separates it self from the whey and suddenly joyns together into a cheesy Mass. 10. In the Canary Islands they thicken by boyling the fluid juice of Canes and Reeds into innumerably useful and most sweet Sugar And on the contrary in the Island of Succotra they make Aloes of the juice of a Plant which is so exceeding bitter that it is become a nick-name for other bitter things You will have a large account of coagulations of this nature in the Philosophical Essay of Petrification written by the Translator of this Treatise and printed Anno 1672. Nay without Art or Labour Water is converted into Stone in divers dens And to omit other Countrys the Cave called Baumanus's Cave not far from the Mountain Bructer in the great Forest of Hircinia in Germany in which not only Waters are turned into stony Icicles but also there is found a wonderful company of the Bones of Animals but from what Original or how they came there is yet uncertain Eleventhly But as to what concerns Minerals If you mix the best Vrinous Spirit of Sal Armoniack equal parts with the most dephlegm'd Spirit of Wine they will set or fall to the bottom of the Glass in the manner of Icy flakes or rather like Snow For whilst the Acrimony of the Armoniack Spirit is blunted and mitigated by the sweetness of the Spirit of Wine the crisped and sharp pointed Particles of the Salt falling to the bottom and others falling still upon them they represent the form of Snow Twelfthly If Spirit of common Salt be mixed with the Acid Spirit of Sal Armoniack not with the Salt Urinous one then at first the mixture will grow hot and presently it will be troubled and thick and at length it will begin to conjoyn together plainly in the form of Butter Thirteenthly If there be mixed together equal parts of highly rectified Spirit of Wine and exquisitely dephlegm'd Spirit of Vrine they will coagulate by agitating them in a quarter of an hours time first into the form of Snow and a little after into a solid Mass. But unless both the Spirits be freed from all Phlegm this business will want success As Mr. Boyl doth prudently admonish in his History of Fluidity and Firmness Part 2. Sect. 32. Fourteenthly Beat the white of an Egg even to thinness then mix with it half as much of the best Spirit of Salt and you shall see this mixture will coagulate even in a few Minutes of an hour by agitating it Fifteenthly Many have attempted diâ—â—â—s ways to coagulate the most Fluid Body of Quicksilver Io. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Part 1. Pag. 35. proposeth his way And that I may omit others Thomas 〈◊〉 now hath propounded his Cent. 1. Num. 79. But the most exquifite and no less certain way is by the vapour of Lead if you make a hole with a Stick in melted Lead being removed from the Fire and beginning to cool then sprinkle some Ashes into the Hole and nimbly pour in the Quicksilver and so the Vapour ascending from the Lead will congeal it although there are not wanting those which doubt of this coagulation But the Translator of this Treatise hath experimented it to be true Sixteenthly 'T is a more difficult operation which I make use of to procure a yellow coagulated Mercury for I take of Quicksilver one ounce of rust of Brass and common Salt of each an ounce and a half Wine Vinegar a pound or pint boyl them in an Iron frying-Pan the space of an hour or two continually stirring them with an Iron Spatula till at length the Mercury coagulate into an Amalgame which afterwards wash several times from the Salt and then form it into little Balls the bigness of Pease These little Balls being exposed to a temperate Air after a few hours will harden of then own accord But if you have a mind also to induce a colour upon this coagulated Mercury then take of Turmerick roots fourteen Drams and of prepar'd Tutia one ounce and mixing them together make with the Balls Stratum super Stratum that is one row of the Powders and another of the Balls and so do till you have filled up a Crucible which lute well that nothing may expire Let it stand at first in a gentle fire that the matter may dry afterwards for an hour or more apply a strong fire to it then take it off and after it is cold melt it as they use to do Metals and pour it into an Ingot and you will have a Mass very much resembling Rhenish Gold of which may be made Rings Bracelets and Medals If there be any body that will not allow this Mass any longer to participate of the Quicksilver I will not contest with him because others which are acquainted with that Planet will not be induced easily to believe that it can freely endure a vehement fire for an hour together Observations upon Blood and its Serum How much the Blood within is altered by attenuating or coagulating it by means of Mineral Spirits injected into the Veins of Brutes hath long since been declared by us in Clysmatica Nova cap. 5. But moreover we have tryed many things
upon Humane blood whilst it was yet warm and newly drawn out of the Veins by Phlebotomy observing that by instilling those Mineral Spirits the Blood hath undergone various mutations of which kind are Ebullitions or boyling and bubling Attenuation or becomming thinner grumescence curdling or coagulation and the exaltation or heightning of its colour or the obscuration darkning or hiding of it and many the like variations But before Humane blood let out by opening a Vein do lose its heat and begin to thicken there useth to swim upon it a Liquor heretofore taken for Bile or Choler now esteemed its Serum or Whey Certainly it is not so bitter that it can deserve the name of Gall or Choler neither is it so thin that it altogether deserves to be called Whey or Serum If it be taken up gently in a Silver Spoon and without the mixture of the bloody substance if it be held a little while over warm Embers or Coals it will be coagulated like to the white of an Egg boyl'd both as to its substance and colour and is also almost like it in taste As to what concerns its colour I have taken notice of this difference that in many it is perfectly white in others it is palish in others it tendeth towards yellowness which variety may depend either from the temperament or from the healthy and infirm state of the Body or from those things which are received into the Body for it appeareth that some portion of the Chyle is not changed altogether into Blood If you put in of the aforesaid Mineral Spirits by drops upon this Chylous Serum put into several Vessels there will also appear various Phaenomena which will be useful for a careful Physician to take notice of In these kind of examinations our very much honour'd Collegiate that excellent man Dr. Godfredus Leisnerus when he was living did lately take much pains who himself writ these following Observations and a little before he yielded to Fate communicated them to me to be divulged in this place Observation 1. Mr. N. N. by birth of Clive of thirty years of age he was Scorbutick had red Spots and Pustils in his Face a heaviness and weariness in his Ioints and a numness a flushing in his Face after drinking strong Wine or strong Beer or the Swalbasher Spaw Water and was obnoxious to bleeding Gums and the like after having take Pills upon the 28 day of Iuly 1671. He was let Blood in the left Arm and had about seven Ounces taken from him in three Porringers The Blood was very hot in its flowing forth the day before he had drank Wine largely after which he was cold his Blood had much Serum and the grumous and curdled parts were very red and would easily be divided by a Twig in the bottom it was of a bright Bay colour the Serum poured off was of the colour of Lee like Vrine of a Citron colour tending to red It was divided into twelve Dishes and the Liquors being mixed with it things appeared thus First With Spirit of Nitre dropt on it it presently coagulated into a substance like cheese from the top to the bottom of the Liquor in that space the Spirit was dropt into This Curd was white on the top but towards the bottom yellow like Sulphur the rest of the Serum swimming about it was clear but dropping in Spirit of Nitre it also became of a Cheesy substance some of the Liquor which remained poured out clear like water upon inclining of the Vessel Secondly The sweet Spirit of Nitre being drop'd on made no alteration but after a short time the upper half of the Liquor grew altogether clear but the lower half was a little troubled yet so that there could scarce any difference be discerned but by curious Chymical eyes Thirdly Spirit of Salt did presently pervade the Liquor not only in that place where it was drop'd in but through the whole circumference of the Liquor and about the bottom precipitated a white coagulum but not stiff Fourthly The sweet Spirit of Salt did trouble the Liquor a little but in a short time there was a separation made like the cream of Milk which swam at the top Fifthly Spirit of Vitriol did precipitate a White Curd equally from all parts to the bottom almost Analogous to the curd made with the sweet Spirit of Salt but thinner Sixthly Aqua-fortis did altogether agree with the Spirit of Nitre both in the whiteness of the Curd its yellowish bottom and the clearness of the Liquor which was left uncoagulated Seventhly Spirit of Sulphur converted the whole Liquor into a white coagulum or Curd except a few drops which were left Eightly The Clyssus or the Sulphureous acid Spirit of Antimony being dropped in precipitated to the bottom of the Liquor a Curd which was on one side White and Cheesy and on the other side transparent and like a Ielly Ninthly Arcanum Nitri that is the Solution of the Salt of the caput Mortuum of Aqua-fortis or its red Earth left in the bottom of the Retort dropped in at the beginning it did presently fall to the bottom of the Liquor in which it was put nor would it be mixed with it so that it might be very well discerned from it but after an hour or two the Liquor was of an bigher Colour and there settled in the bottom of the Vessel a troubled Sediment which upon slightly shaking of the Glass united again with the Liquor Tenthly The Salt Spirit of Sal Armoniack did introduce no alteration at all in the Liquor neither in its Colour nor in its consistence Eleventhly The fixed Liquor of Nitre did thicken and trouble this Liquor and precipitated to the bottom a certain Saltish Curd the Liquor which swam at the top was very clear Observation 2. A Young man who was descended of consumptive Parents and was himself consumptive with much coughing casting out both Blood and Matter a Vein being opened there was taken from him about eight Ounces of Blood The grumous Blood was of a florid Colour Thin and had much Serum which being poured out into little dishes it brought off with it from the top of the Blood a little redness this subsided and fell to the bottom in a days time 1. Spirit of Nitre And 2. Sweet Spirit of Nitre both produced the same effects as in the former Observation 3. Spirit of Salt did the same but with this difference that the Coagulum was more Phlegmatick on the top of it and as it were a Ielley 4. The Sweet Spirit of Salt did the same as in the former Observation but the Cream was thicker 5. Spirit of Vitriol And 6. Aqua-fortis did the same as in the former Observation 7. Spirit of Sulphur made a Coagulum like Spirit of Salt but a little thinner and more like Ielley 8. The Clyssus made a white and thick Curd 9. Arcanum Nitri And 10. The Salt Spirit of Sal Armoniack And 11. The Liquor of fixed Nitre