that Art Errour does not always proceed from Imprudence time and other accidents are often the occasion of it For that which was at first convenient is afterwards prejudicial The greatest Prudence can't give Counsel which will be proper at all times which makes it necessary to alter Resolutions and repeal Laws and Statutes especially when there is an apparent Advantage 7 Non dâ—bet reprehensibile judicari si secundam varietatem temporum Statuâ—a qundoque varientur humana pâ—sâ—â—tâ—m cam urgâ—ns Nâ—â—â—ssitas vel evidens utilitas id exposuit Cap. non deber de Cons. Aâ—â— or Danger or when the Prince finds himself mis-inform'd of Matters upon which such Resolutions were grounded This was the Reason King Ahâ—suerus gave for recalling the Sentence which he had pronounced against the People of God upon the unjust Accusation of Haman 8 Hest. 16. 9. In these and the like Cases 't is not levity of Mind but Prudence to alter Counsels and Resolutions nor can it be called Inconstancy but a firm Zeal to be guided by Reason in all things as the Weather-Cock is by the Wind and the Needle by the North Pole The Physician varies his Medicines according to the Accidents having Respect to nothing but the recovery of his Patient The different Diseases which States labour under require different methods of Cure Let a Prince then think it a Credit to review and correct his Decrees and his Errours too without being asham'd of 'em to commit 'em might be Inadvertency but to amend is Prudence Obstinacy is ever a certain Sign of Folly Yet 't will be Prudence to make this Alteration with such Address and Dexterity that the People may not perceive it for they ignorant and foolish as they are call Mistake want of Prudence and Amendment Levity But tho' I advise a Prince to correct his Errours yet I would not be understood of all in general for some are so small and insignificant that the Danger of being censur'd for Levity in the amendment of them is more than the Damage they can do by continuing So that where they will by Degrees cease of themselves without drawing on greater 't will be better to let 'em remain There are some of that Nature that 't is better to follow 'em nay and vigorously to persist in them there being perhaps more danger in retracting and these frequently happen in War there are some Affairs in which that you may succeed 't is requisite to use indirect means tho' you incur some small Inconveniencies as the way to straiten a crooked Stick is to bend it the contrary way in these Cases small Errours are not to be valu'd nor their Causes nor Means provided they be not wholly opposite to Honour and Justice and when the Advantage to be reap'd from 'em is considerable For so they are allowable and ought rather to be call'd Disposition to Success than Errours Others are so interwoven in great Attempts that like Roses there is no approaching them without pricking ones hand And this in those Counsels which concern the general Good of a Nation which are always prejudicial to some private Persons The Bodies of States are compos'd of different and opposite Parts as to their Qualities and Humours and a Remedy which is apply'd to the whole Body is usually disagreeable to some Part A Prince therefore has need of great Prudence to weigh and compare Advantages with Damages and of a great Courage to execute without hazarding the loss of those for fear of these EMBLEM LXVI RENOVATION perpetuates the most fading things in Nature each individual Eternizes it self in another and by that means preserves its Species 'T is for this the Husbandman carefully preserves young Plants to substitute in the room of those Trees which die He does not leave this to Chance because perhaps they will either not spring at all or not such as he desires or else not in proper places nor will they of themselves grow strait and handsome without his Care in setting them while they are young for when once grown up no Force can straiten them The same Care ought to be taken in the Education of Youth ' especially in those Countreys where the Constitution of the Climate is apt to produce great and noble Spirits which are like fertile Fields soon over-run with Wood and Brambles unless their Fertility be corrected by the Art and Industry of the Husbandman The greater the Spirit is the more dangerous it is to the State unless timely moderated by Education A high aspiring Spirit cannot contain it self it shakes off the Curb of the Laws and is eager for Liberty and should therefore be restrain'd by Art and Instruction and afterwards by being busied in some honourable Exercise but when a little more advanc'd in years the Cure for its Levity is to employ it in Affairs of State I take this to be the Reason why some States admitted young Persons into their Senates But the best way is that which Gardiners use to transplant their young Trees into another Ground that the superfluous Roots may be prun'd and the Tree grow strait and tall Youth seldom thrives well in its own Countrey For their Friends and Relations by too much Indulgence make them Extravagant In other Countries 't is otherwise for their Necessity obliges them to regulate their Actions and to endeavour to gain People's Esteem At home we generally expect a little more Liberty and are apt to promise our selves Pardon but abroad when we are not known we are afraid of the Rigour of the Laws besides Travel polishes our Behaviour and corrects the Roughness of our Nature and that foolish Vanity which attends our home-bred Gentlemen There Languages and Men are learn't and their Manners and Customs observed the Knowledge of which qualifies a Man for Affairs as well of Peace as War 'T was Travel made Plato Lycurgus Solon and Pythagoras such prudent Lawgivers and Philosophers At home Men are born and die with the same Fortune but abroad they raise it No Planet is exalted in its own House but in anothers though not without Detriment and Inconveniency to it self Travel is the great Mistress of Prudence if made for Information as well as Direction In this the Northern People are very much to be commended who with great Curiosity and Attention travel the World over to learn Languages Arts and Sciences The Spaniards who have greater Conveniency for travelling than any other Nation because of the great Extent of their Kingdom have the least inclination to it lazily spending all their time at home unless sometimes they are call'd out by War when nevertheless 't is absolutely necessary for Princes who have often occasion to bring their Armies into several Countries to have a perfect Knowledge of them The two chief Reasons which detain our Spanish Nobility at home are first because Spain being almost wholly surrounded by the Sea 't is more inconvenient Sailing than Travelling by Land the other is a vain
grown it will be difficult to judge whether they were the product of Nature or Art Let them incourage Vertue with Honour brand Vice with Infamy and Disgrace excite Emulation by Example these things have a great Effect upon all Tempers tho' more on some than others Those who are of a Generous disposition Glory influences most the Melancholy Ignominy the Cholerick Emulation the Inconstant Fear the Prudent Example which is generally of most efficacy with all especially that of Ancestors for often what the Blood could not Emulation does perform 'T is with Children as young trees on which you must Graff a branch as I may say of the same Father to bring them to perfection These Grafts are the famous examples which infuse into Posterity the Vertues of their Ancestors and bear excellent fruit That therefore it may be conveighed as it were thro' all the Senses into the mind and take deep Root there should be the particular industry of his Instructors and consequently they are not to be proposed to the Prince in ordinary Exhortations only or Reproofs but also in sensible objects Sometime let History put him in mind of the great Atchievements of his Ancestors the glory of which eternized in print may excite him to imitate them Sometimes Musick that sweet and wonderfull Governess of the passions playing their Trophies and Triumphs will be proper to Raise his Spirits Sometimes let him hear Panegyricks recited upon their Life to encourage and animate him to an Emulation of their Vertues now and then reciting them himself or with his young Companions Act over their Exploits as upon a stage thereby to inflame his mind for the force and efficacy of the action is by degrees so imprinted on him that he appears the very same whose person he represents Lastly let him play the part of a King amongst them receive petitions give audience ordain punish reward command or marshal an Army besiege Cities and give Battel In experiments of this nature Cyrus was educated from a little Boy and became afterwards an eminent General But if there be any inclinations unbecoming a Prince discernible in his Infancy he should have the Company of such as are eminent for the opposite Vertues to correct the Vices of his Nature as we see a straight Pole does the Crookedness of a tender Tree tyed to it Thus if the Prince be covetous let one naturally liberal be always at his Elbow if a Coward one bold and daring if timorous one resolute and active if Idle and Lazy one diligent and industrious for those of that Age as they imitate what they see or hear so they also easily copy their Companions Customs To Conclude in Education of Princes too rough Reprehension and Chastisement is to be avoided as a kind of Contempt Too much Rigour makes men mean spirited nor is it fit that he should be servilely subject to One Man who ought to Command all It was well said of King Alphonsus Generous Spirits are sooner corrected by words than blows and â—ove and respect those most who use them so Youth is like a young horse that the Barnacle â—urts but is easily governed by the gentler Bit. Besides that men of generous Spirits usually conceive a secret horrour of those things they learnt thro' fear on the contrary have an inclination and desire to try those Vices which in their Childhood were prohibited them Affections too much confined especially such as nature endows a Prince withall break out at last into Despair as Exhalations hard bound within the Clouds into Lightning He that imprudently shuts the gates upon natural inclinations is the occasion of their attempting to get thro' the Windows Some allowance is to be made to humane infirmity which is by some innocent diversions to be raised to Vertue this method they took who had the Care of Nero's Education 14 Quo facilius lubricam Principis aetatem si verâ—tutem asper nareâ—ur voluptatibus concessus retineret Tac. 13. ann The Tutor ought to chide the Prince in private not before Company least he rather grow obstinate when he sees his Vices are publick In these two Verses of Homer is very aptly contained how a Prince ought to be instructed how to obey Advise Command him and what 's good suggest He will obey when for himself 't is best Hom. 2. Il. EMBLEM III. BY the industry of some ingenious and carefull hand one while watering another time defending it from the injuries of Wind and ill Weather the Rose grows and as the Bud opens unâ—olds its little leaves into a circular form A flower strangely pretty but which flatters only the Eyes and is subject to so many casualties that in this its infinite delicacy 't is by no means secure The very same Sun which saw it bloom sees it also whither and that without any other benefit than just shewing the World its beauty it brings so many months Labour to nothing nay oftentimes wounds the very hand that planted it nor could it be otherwise than that such rank tillage should produce thorns Of Coral a Sea shrub there 's quite another account to be given for that growing under Water and continually tossed by the Violence of Waves and Tempestuous Winds becomes so much the harder and more beautiful nay then first is it more illustriously useful when it has underwent the rage of so many Elements Such contrary Effects arise from the different manner of growing of this Shrub and that Flower in respect of softness and hardness The same happens in the Education of Princes for they who are brought up so tenderly and closely that neither the Sun Wind or other Air can come to them but that of perfumes prove too delicate and little fit for Government they on the contrary are strong and able who inure their Bodies to laborious Exercises It 's also convenient to use ones self to Cold from our infancy as a thing of great advantage to health and that will enable us to undergo Military duties 1 Est etiam utile sâ—atim ab ineunte aetate frigoribus assuescere hoc 〈◊〉 tum ad vâ—letudinem tum ad munera militaâ—ia commodâ—ssimum est Arist. Pol. 7. cap 17. By these Exercises Life is prolonged by Voluptuousness and Luxury shortned a Vessel of Glass formed with a blast of the Mouth is with a blast broken Whereas one of Gold wrought with a hammer resists a hammer 'T is no matter if he that lives a private and retired Life be delicate but one who is to support a Kingdom as Atlas the Heavens upon his shoulders had need be strong and robust A Common-wealth has not occasion for a Prince only for a shew but in the Field also and in time of War and in Scripture we find an effeminate King mentioned as a kind of divine punishment 2 I will give Children to be their Princes and Bâ—bâ—s to rule over them Isaâ— 3. 4. The advantage or disadvantage of this different Education was visible in
Pluâ—arch Let your Highness I say compare your own Actions to those of your Ancestors and you will easily see the difference between yours and theirs that you may either give a true Colour to their Actions or rejoyce in the Worth of your own if in any thing you happen to have out-done your Predecessors Let your Royal Highness therefore please to consider whether you Equal your Father in Courage your Grandfather in Piety Philip the Second in Prudence Charles the Fifth in Greatness of Spirit Philip the First in Affability Ferdinand the Catholick in Policy in Liberality that Alphonso who was Nick-named from his broken Hands in Justice King Alphonso the Eleventh and lastly King Ferdinand the Holy in Religion And that moreover your Highness would be stir'd up by a generous Emulation to a glorious Desire of imitating these Great Men. Quintus Maximus and Publius Scipio were used to say that when e're they beheld the Images of their Ancestors their Souls were fired and excited on to Virtue Not that they were moved by the meer Wax or Stone but that comparing their own Actions to those of others they could not rest till they equall'd them in Glory and Renown Elogies inscribed on Tombs speak not to the Dead but to the Living They are certain Summaries which for Memory's sake the Virtue of the Predecessor leaves to the Successor Mattathias said That by calling to mind the Actions of their Ancestors his Sons should acquire present Glory and eternal Renown 2 Call to remembrance what Acts our Fathers did in their time so shall ye receive great Honour and an everlasting Name 1 Macc. 2. 52. For which Cause also the High Priests who were Princes of the People wore upon their Breasts the Virtues of the Twelve Patriarchs their Predecessors engraven upon as many Stones 3 And in the four Rows of Stones was the Glory of the Fathers graven Wisd. 8. 24. In effect it becomes a Prince to vie with his Ancestors in Glory not with his Inferiors for 't is no praise to excel them and to be out-done by them the greatest Scandal The Emperor Tiberius observed as Law all the Sayings and Exploits of Augustus 4 Qui omnia facta dictaquâ— ejus vice legis observem Tac. 4. Ann. Moreover let your Highness compare the Purple you wear at present to that you wore formerly for we are oftentimes desirous to forget what we have been for fear of upbraiding our selves with what we are Let your Highness consider whether you are grown better or worse for we find it often happens that at the beginning of their Reigns Princes minds are gloriously bent upon the Execution of their Office in which afterwards they grow more remiss Almost all begin their Reigns with Great and Glorious Spirits but at last by degrees either they sink under the Weight of Affairs or grow Effeminate by Luxury and Ease with which they easily suffer themselves to be taken forgetting they are obliged to keep and preserve their once gotten Glory This very thing Tacitus remarks in the Emperor Tiberius that at last after a long Experience in Affairs he was altered and ruined by the mere force of Government 5 An cum Tiberius pâ—st tantam â—erum experientâ—am vi dominationis convulsus 〈◊〉 sit Tac. 6. Ann. A long Reign creates Pride and Pride the hatred of the People as the same Author observes in King Vannius 6 Prima Imperii aetate clarus acceptusque popularibus mox diuturniâ—atem in superbiam mutans odio accolarum sâ—â—al 〈…〉 circumventis Tac. 12. Ann. Many begin their Reigns with extraordinary Modesty and Justice but few continue so because their Ministers are Flatterers by whom they are taught to Act boldly and unjustly As it happened to Vespasian who in the beginning of his Reign was not so much bent upon Injustice until by the Indulgence of Fortune and Advice of Evil Counsellors he learnt it 7 Ipso Vespasiano inter initia Imperii ad obtinendas iniquitates hanâ— perinde obstinato donec indulgentia fortunae praâ—is Magistris didicit ansusque est Tac. 2. Hist. Let your Highness compare not only your own Virtues and Actions but those of your Ancestors with one another by confronting the Purple of some stain'd with Vices to that of others glossy and shining with great and noble Actions For Examples never move us more than when they are confronted one with another Let your Highness compare the Royal Robe of King †Marian. Hist. Hisp. Hermenigildus with that of Peter the Second King of Arragon one glittering with Stars and died with Blood which he had gloriously spilt in the War against Leuvigildus his Father who was infected with the Arrian Heresy the other trampled under the Feet of Horses in a Battle at Girone when he brought Succours to the Albigensians in France Let your Highness cast your Eyes back upon past Ages and you will find Spain ruined by the licentious Lives of the Kings Witiza and Roderick but recovered again by the Piety and Courage of Pelagius You 'll see Peter deposed and killed for his Cruelty and his Brother Henry the Second advanced to the Crown for his singular Mildness You 'll see the Glorious Infant Ferdinand blessed by Heaven with many Kingdoms for that he would not accept of that of his Grandson King Iohn the Second although there were those who freely offered it him On t'other side the Infant Sancho accused by his own Father of Disobedience and Ingratude before Pope Martin the Fourth for that he would have usurped the Throne in his life-time This Comparison your Highness may follow as a sure Guide in the Management of your Affairs for though by Discourse and Conversation you may know the Lustre and Brightness of Heroick Exploits as also the Baseness and Infamy of Ill Actions yet all these move us not so much considered in themselves as in those Persons whom they have made Glorious in the World or Despicable EMBLEM XVII A Tree bedeck'd with Trophies is still a Trunk as afore those which were an Honour to others are but a burthen to it So truly the glorious Exploits of Ancestors are but a Shame and Disgrace to the Successor unless he imitates the same Nor does he inherit their Glory but their Actions only by an Imitation of which he will obtain the other Just as light is reflected from a Diamond because it finds substance but quickly pierces Glass which is thin and transparent so if the Successor be Stout and Brave the Glory of his Predecessors adds yet a greater Lustre and Brightness to him but if like thin and paultry Glass he can't withstand the Lustre it serves only to discover his vile and abject Soul The Actions of Ancestors which are only Examples to others are Laws to the Successor for the whole Esteem and Prerogative of Nobility is grounded upon this Supposition that the Descendants will imitate the Actions of their Forefathers He who
Peace Now Caesar 's Grandeur Caesar 's Glories reign His Conqu'ring Arm sheathing his Sword again * Propert. Nothing in the World is more an Enemy to Possession than War It is a wicked as well as foolish Doctrine which teaches that Seeds of Hatred should be nourished that Matter for War may be furnished whenever it shall be thought fit 12 Semina odiorum jacienda omne scelus externum habendum cum laetitia Tac. Annal. l. 12. He always lives in War who has it always in his Thoughts The Advice of the Holy Spirit is much more wholsom Seek Peace and pursue it 13 Psal. 34. 14. When a Peace is once Concluded the Laws of God and Man oblige to a faithful Observance of it even although transacted with one's Predecessors without any Distinction between the Government of One and Many both the Kingdom and Commonwealth for the Benefit and upon the Faith of which the Contract was made being always the same and never dying Time and Common Consent have Passed what was once Agreed upon into a Law Nor is Force or Necessity a sufficient Excuse for making War For if the Publick Faith might be violated for these things there would be no Capitulation no Treaty of Peace but might be broken under the same colour Francis I. was blamed for declaring War against Charles V. contrary to the Agreement made during his Imprisonment under pretence of Constraint By such Artifices and Equivocal Negotiations it comes to pass that none at all are firm so that to establish them it is necessary to demand Hostages or detain some considerable Place things which embarrass a Peace and fatigue the World with perpetual Wars The Prince then being free from the Toils and Dangers of War should apply himself wholly to the Arts of Peace according to Tasso Learning and Arts promote throughout your Realm Divert your Subjects Minds with Plays and Balls With equal Iustice punish and reward And out of Danger stand upon your Guard Yet not without reflecting how soon War may possibly disturb his Rest. Let not his Eye quit the Arms his Hand has laid down nor those old Medals influence him upon the Reverse of which Peace was described burning Shields with a Torch This was far from being a prudent Emblem for there is nothing so necessary after War as the preserving of Arms to keep Violence from making any attempt against Peace None but God alone could when he gave it to his People break the Bow as the Psalmist expresseth it cut the Spear in sunder and 〈◊〉 the Chariots in the fire 14 Psal. 46. 9. forasmuch as he being the Arbiter of War needs not Arms to maintain Peace withal But among Men there can be no Peace where Ambition is not restrained by Fear or Force This gave Occasion to the Invention of Arms which Defence found out before Offence The Plough marked out the Walls before the Streets were disposed and almost at the same time Tents were pitched and Houses built The Publick Repose would never be secure did not Care armed guard its Sleep A State unprovided with Arms awakens the Enemy and invites War Never had the Alps heard the Echo's of so many Trumpets had the Cities of the Milanese been better fortify'd This State is as it were an Outwork to all the Kingdoms of the Spanish Monarchy and each ought for its own Security to contribute to its Strength which joined with the Power of the Sea would render the Monarchy firm and unshaken Mens Hearts were they of Adamant could not supply the Defect of Walls King Witiza by demolishing these made the Moors so bold as to invade Spain when those Banks were gone which till then had stopt their Inundations 15 Mar. Hist. Hisp. Augustus was not guilty of this Negligence in that long Peace he enjoyed but appointed a Publick Treasury as a Provision against a War Except Forces be Exercised in Time of Peace and the Mind disciplin'd in the Arts of War it will not easily be done when Danger of Invasion shall have put all Men in a Consternation and they be more intent on flying and saving what they have than on their Defence There is no greater Stratagem than to leave a Kingdom to its own Idleness When Military Exercise fails Valour does the same Nature produces in all Parts great Souls which either Occasion discovers or want of Business burieth Past Ages have not furnish'd braver Men in Greece and Rome than are at this day born but they then appeared so Heroical because Desire of Rule made them use themselves to Arms. Let not a Prince be discouraged at the Sluggishness of his Subjects Discipline will fit them either to preserve Peace or to maintain War Let him keep them always employed in the Exercise of Arms for he that desires Peace must prevent War EMBLEM C. IT is a short breathing between the Cradle and the Tomb short I say yet 〈◊〉 of occasioning considerable Evils if ill employed Often does a Commonwealth lament whole Ages the Errour of one Moment On this Point turns the Fall or Rise of Empires One bad Counsel in a Minute throws down what has cost Valour and Prudence many Years to build 1 〈…〉 Taâ— Annal. l. 5. And therefore it is not enough in this Amphitheater of Life to have run well if the Course be not equal to the End He only receives the Crown who has lawfully touch'd the last Goal of Death The Foundation of Houses consists in the first Stones that of Renown in the last except they be Glorious it soon falls and is buried in Oblivion The Cradle does not flourish until the Tomb has first and then even the Briars of past Vices turn to Flowers for Fame is the last Spirit of our Actions which thence receive their Beauty and Lustre a thing never seen in an infamous Old Age that rather effacing the Glory of Youth as it happened to 2 Cesserunt que primâ— postremis boâ—aâ— juventae senectus flagitiosâ—â—â—â—teravit Tac. Annal. 1. 6. Vitellius The most perfect Stroaks of the Pencil or Chizel are not esteemed if the whole Work remain imperfect And if ever Fragments were regarded it was for being the Reliques of a once perfect Statue Envy or Flattery while Life lasts give different Forms to Actions but Fame unbyass'd by those Passions pronounces after Death true and just Sentences which the Tribunal of Posterity confirms 3 Sâ—â—m â—uique decus posteritas rependit Tac. Annal. 1. 4. Some Princes are sensible enough of how great Consequence it is to Crown their Life with Vertues but they are mistaken in thinking to supply that by leaving them described in Epitaphs and represented in Statues not considering that they blush to accompany him in Death whom they had not accompanied while alive and that the Marbles are as it were in Indignation to see the Counterfeit-Glory of a Tyrant inscribed on them but seem to soften to facilitate the engraving of that
l. 2. every one already knowing that a new Phoenix must arise out of the Ashes of the old one and that even now this Successor has taken Root and got Strength by making himself beloved and feared as an old Tree shoots out of its Stump a young Sprig which in time comes to grow in its place 30 Ex â—rbore 〈…〉 trunco novam producit quâ—â— anteqâ—am antiqua decidat jam radices vires accepit Tol. de Rep. l. 7. c. 4. â— 1. Nevertheless if it lie in the Prince's Breast to appoint the Successor he is not to make such use of this Advantage as to preferr the Interest of his Kindred to that of the Publick Moses distrusting the Abilities of his own Sons left to God the Choice of a new Captain of his People 31 Let the Lord the God of the spirits of all flesh set a man over the congregation Numb 27. 16. And Galba gloried in having had more Regard to the Publick Good than to his Family and having chosen a Person out of the Commonwealth to succeed him 32 Sed Augustus in dâ—mo successorem quaesâ—vit ego in Republica Tac. Hist. l. 1. This is the last and greatest Benefit the Prince is capable of doing his States as the same Galba told Piso 33 Nunc â—o â—ecessitatis jampridem ventum est ut nec mea senectus conferre plus populo Romano possit quâ—m bonum successoreâ— nec tua plus jâ—venta quà m bonum Principeâ— Tac. Hist. l. 1. when he Adopted him 'T is a Noble Instance of the Prince's Generosity to strive to make his successor better than himself He has but a mean Opinion of his Merit who seeks a Name only by the Vices of him that comes after and by the Comparison of one Reign with another Herein Augustus himself was faulty in chusing Tiberius upon the same motive 34 Ne Tiâ—erium quidem caritate aut Reipublicae cura successorâ—m â—dscitum sed quoniam arroganâ—iam saevitiamque introspexerit comparâ—tione deterrima â—ibi gloriam quaefiâ—isse Tac. Annal. l. 1. without considering that the glorious or infamous Actions of a Successor are charged upon the Predecessor who was concerned in his Election This Care to provide a good Heir is a Natural Duty in Parents and they ought to attend it with utmost Application since in their Sons they in a manner live for ever And indeed it were against Natural Reason to envy the Excellency of their own Image or leave it unpolish'd And though the Institution of a Great Person be generally the Occasion of Domestick Dangers inasmuch as Mens Ambition is proportion'd to the Capacity of their Souls 35 Optimos quippe mortâ—lirum altissima cupere Tac. Annal. l. 4. and though oftentimes by the subversion of the Ties of Reason and Nature Children grow weary of expecting the Crown so long and seeing the Time of their Pleasure and Glory waste as it was with Rhadamistus in the long Reign of his Father Pharasman King of Iberia 36 Is modiâ—um Hyberiae regnum senecta patris detineri ferocius crebriusque jactabat Tac. Annal. l. 12. although too it was the Counsel of the Holy Spirit 37 Give him no liberty in his youth and wink not at his folly Ecclus. 30. 11. to Fathers not to give their Sons Liberty in their Youth nor wink at their Follies yet for all this I say a Father ought to spare no Pains that may contribute to the good Education of his Son which is the second Obligation of Nature nor let fall his Hopes and Confidence for a few particular Cases No Prince was ever more jealous of his Children than Tiberius yet he absented himself from Rome to leave Drusus in his Place 38 Vt amoto Pâ—tre Drusus munia consulatuâ— solus impleret Tac. Annal. lib. 3. But if the Prince would prevent these Suspicions by Politick Methods let him allow his Son a part in the Administration of Affairs both Civil and Military but never in the Dispensation of his Favours for by the former the Applause of the People is not so much got who are apt to be taken with the Liberal and Obliging Temper of the Son a thing not very pleasing to the Fathers who sit on the Throne 39 Displicere regnaâ—ntibus civilia filiorum ingeniâ— Tac. Annal. l. 2. In a word he may be admitted into the Secrets of State not into the Hearts of the Subjects Augustus who well understood this when he desired to have Tiberius made Tribune commended him with so much Artifice that he discovered his Faults in excusing them 40 Quâ—nquam â—onorâ—â—â—atione quâ—dam de habitu â—â—ltuqâ—e institutis ejâ—s jecerat quâ— velâ—t excuâ—ando exprobraret Tac. Annal. l. 1. And it was believed that Tiberius to render Drusus odious and make him pass for one of a cruel Temper gave him leave to frequent the Sword-Plays 41 Ad oâ—teâ—tandâ—â— saevitiam inâ—vendâ—sque pâ—pull offâ—nsioâ—â—â— concessâ—m fâ—lio materiam Tac. Annal. l. 1. as he was glad when any Contest arose between his Sons and the Senate 42 Lâ—tabatur Tiberiâ—â— quum inter filios leges Senâ—tus disâ—eptâ—ret Tac. Annal. l. 2. But these Artifices are more hurtful and treacherous than becomes the Sincerity of a Father it is more prudent to join with the young Prince some Confident in whose Power the Direction and Management of Affairs may be as Vespasian did when her gave the Praetorship to his Son Domitian and assigned Mutian for his Assistant 43 Caesar Dâ—mitianus Prâ—â—turam capit Ejus 〈◊〉 epistoliâ— edictisque proponebatur vis penes Mutianum erat Tac. Hist. l. 4. But if the Son shall seem to harbour great and enterprising Thoughts such as may give just Apprehension of some ambitious Design against the Respect due to a Father out of impatience of his long life the best way will be to employ him in some Undertaking that may wholly engage those Thoughts and cool the warmth and vigour of his Mind It was this made Pharasman King of Iberia put his Son Rhadamistus upon the Conquest of Armenia 44 â—gitur Pharasmanes juvenem potentiae promptae studio popâ—darium accinctum vergentibus jam armis suis metuens aliaâ— ad spem traâ—ere Armeniam oftentare Tac. Annal. 1. 12. But as this Caution of Honouring the Son and employing him in Places of Difficulty is absolutely necessary so also must care be taken to put the Command of the Armies in the Hand of another for whoever is Master of them rules the whole State To this end Otho gave his Brother Titianus the Name and Reputation of the Supreme Command yet left all the Authority and real Power lodged in Proculus 45 â—rofecto Brixellum Othone honor imperii penes Titianum fratrem â—is ac potestas penes Proculum Praefectum Tac. Hist. l. 2. And Tiberius when the Senate had decreed Germanicus all the Provinces beyond the Seas made Piso Lieutenant of