Hist Life and Death pag. 207 208. And that Leaves of trees falling towards the middle of Autumne yeild a good refreshing to the spirits But the most pleasant and wholsome Odors are from the blossomes of all the Fruit-trees which having in them a condensing and cooling property are therefore not simply Healthfull but are accompted Cordiall chearing and refreshing the Heart and vitall spirits Now the spirits as this Author observes are the Master-workemen in the body Hist Life and Death pag. 183. 410. and as the uppermost Wheele which turneth about the other wheeles in the body and therefore whatsoever is Healthfull and refreshing to the spirits works powerfully good effects in the body And that speedily and suddenly as the Author saies Vapors and Affections worke compendiously upon the spirits Hist Life and Death pag. 236. Of the Healthfullnesse of Odors see more at Large in the title Pleasure of the sense of smell in a Garden Fourthly Health is preserved by wholsome meats and drinks all the yeare from the Garden of Fruit-trees The spirits of the body in sommer stand in need of cooling condensing what meats and drinks more proper for that purpose then dishes and drinks of the fruits of an Orchard They are both Alimentall and Physicall they cure diseases and preserve health discharging the body of the beginnings and seeds of many diseases 2. In respect of long life Secondly A Garden of Fruit-trees is profitable to the body in respect of Long life How much have men valued long life in all ages of the world what strange courses have some taken to extend their life to a great length some have liv'd in Caves and Rocks and sequestred themselves from society with men and betaken themselves to a strict Monasticall course that they might stretch out their life and be said to live Yea amongst Christians who though they desire to be dissolved and to be with Christ Yet in some respects long life is to be accompted a blessing and is set before us as an encouragement to obedience as we see Deut. 32.47 The feare of the Lord is your life Prov. 10.27 Prov 9 11 Ps 91 16. and through this yee shall prolong your daies And Prov. 3.1.2 My sonne keep my Commandements for length of daies and long life shall they adde to thee the like in many other places Now I say An Orchard or Garden of Fruit-trees is profitable to the body for Long life and that in severall respects All these foure last mentioned meanes for Health the same likewise conduce and are profitable to long life wherein lies another part of their excellency and worth for as the Lord Bacon observes Hist L D. pag. 179. 180. some things are profitable for an healthfull life but are not good for long life but all these conduce as well to long life as to health so that Moderate exercise 2 fresh Ayres 3 pleasant Odors 4. Wholsome meats and drinks which are all had in an Orchard or Garden of Fruit-trees are also all profitable to long life Hist L. D. pag. 183. 414. The foresaid Author saies The spirits are the master workmen of all the effects in the body and therefore in the intention of long life ought to be first placed So then whatsoever worketh upon the spirits for their refreshing and vigor is profitable to long life The operation upon the spirits and their waxing fresh and vigorous is the most ready and compendious way to Long life Hist L.D. pag. 235. Now an Orchard or Garden of Fruit-trees and imployments therein worke upon the spirits for their refreshing two waies First by the Organs of the Body Secondly by the Affections of the Minde Touching the first The operation upon the spirits through the Organs of the body see at large in the pleasure of the five senses Concerning the operation upon the spirits by the Affections of the minde I shall here speake and mention only three Affections of the minde which worke powerfully upon the spirits conducing to long life One Affection of the Minde which works effectually upon the spirits for Long life is Hope 1. Affection Hope Hist L.D. pag. 224. The Lord Bacon saies Hope is most beneficiall of all the Affections and doth much to the Prolongation of life if it be not too often frustrated but entertaineth the fancy with an expectation of good therefore saith he they which fix and propound to themselves something as the marke and scope of their life and continually and by degrees goe forward in the same are for the most part long lived Hope is as a Leafe-joy which may be beaten out to a great extension like gold Now the diligent Husbandman in this art of planting Fruit-trees has good and sure grounds for Hope not only from many Promises in the word but likewise subordinate grounds from Reason and Experience This Hope is sowen with the seeds of his Fruits and springs up with them and so from yeare to yeare his Hope growes and increaseth with his Fruit-trees He saies before him and considers what great Profits and Pleasures are comming towards him he sees by experience what a plentifull harvest of Profits and Pleasures others receave from Orchards and Gardens of Fruit-trees which are as fuell or food to nourish and feed Hope and hold it in strength and vigor and when he begins to receive Profits and Pleasures from his Fruit-trees these refresh Hope and make it grow from strength to strength with his Fruit-trees and thus from yeare to yeare Hope is continued and increased and all this while the spirits are refreshed as Hope is refreshed and are kept thereby vigorous and strong and in a pleased temper and condition and being the Master-workmen in the body or first wheele as the Author saies they worke upon all the parts of the body for Prolongation of life And so much concerning the operation upon the spirits by Hope 2. Affection Ioy. Another Affection of the minde which in this imployment works upon the spirits for long-life is Joy The foresaid Author saies That this Affection of Ioy works so powerfully on the spirits Hist L. D. pag. 221. that some great Ioyes comming suddenly unexpectedly doe overmuch attenuate and diffuse the spirits But now ther 's no danger of the suddennesse of Ioy in these things whereby to raise and overmuch diffuse the spirits for such things as cause Ioy in the imployment of planting Fruit trees are expected and waited for and Hope prepares the way for Ioy. Ioy is a cleare shining beautifull affection and rises some degrees higher then Hope Ioy in the use of earthly things is lawfull in its season ther 's a time to rejoyce as well as a time to mourne And there is a lawfull joy in harvest in gathering in the fruits of the Earth Esay 9.3 It is commanded and allowed of God Deut. 12.16 Thou shalt rejoyce before the Lord thy God in all that thou
freely offering their ripe fruits as a large satisfaction of all your labours Aspice curvatos pomorum pondere ramos Vt sua quod peperit vix ferat Arbor onus Ovid. The laden boughes with waight of Apples crack And Trees to beare their burthens strength doe jack Fourthly the sense of smell 4. Pleasure of the smell Hist L. D p. 207 p. 208. may likewise have its share of pleasure in a Garden of Fruit-trees L. Bacon saies the smell of new and pure earth excellently refresheth the spirits he saies a certaine great Lord who lived long had every morning immediatly after sleep a clod of fresh earth laid under his nose Nat hist Cent. 9. pag. 210. that he might take the smell thereof and againe Good earth newly turned up hath a freshnesse and good sent And that the Leaves and branches of some trees are odorate and sweet He saies likewise Nat. hist Cent. 6 pag. 136. that the Leaves of Trees falling towards the middle of Autumne yeeld a good refreshing to the spirits And that the Mosse of some Apple-trees hath an excellent sent and is used of Perfumers But chiefly The Pleasure this sense meets with is from the sweet smelling blossomes of all the fruit-trees which from the time of their breaking forth till their fall breath out a most pretious and pleasant odor perfuming the ayre throughout all the Orchard Nat. hist Cent. 4 pag 102. The same Authour observes That the most Delicate Smells are from those Plants whose Leaves smell not and amongst other things he mentions Bloomes of Apple-trees Nat. hist Cent. 9 pag. 210. Hist L.D. pag. 295. And in another of his Experiments he saies that generally those smells are most gratefull and pleasant where the degree of heat is small for those things doe rather wooe the sense then satiate it And prefers coole smells before hot for comforting of the heart Now The Bloomes of Apple-trees Peare-trees Cherry-trees such like have small degrees of heat and therefore the Odor is pleasant and wholsome And besides the pleasure of this perfumed ayre it is also very profitable and healthfull to the body Here againe Profit and pleasure meet and imbrace An Odores nutriunt is a question amongst Philosophers some hold sweet perfumes nourishing doubtlesse they give a great refreshing to the spirits and whatsoever delights and cheeres the spirits is without controversie very advantagious to the health of the body for the spirits are the cheife workers in the body from which proceed all or most of the effects wrought in the body good or bad according to the temper of the spirits Sweet perfumes work immediatly upon the spirits for their refreshing but meat and drinke by ambages and length of time sweet and healthfull Ayres are speciall preservatives to health and therefore much to be prised Is the Curative part of Physick so worthy and excellent as the preservative part It s better to stand fast then to fall and rise againe Now a sweet perfumed fresh wholsome Ayre which is chiefly found in Gardens of Fruit-trees is greatly available to that purpose as well as pleasant to the sense 5 Pleasure of the Tast Fiftly the Sense of Tast has its pleasure in an Orchard This sense meets with pleasure at all times of the yeare from the fruits of an Orchard The pleasure of the other senses are to be had but at some seasons of the yeare only This sense has pleasure from all sorts of ripe and raw fruits besides meats and drinks many dainties made of them The ordinary food they afford all the yeare and the more delicate for Banquets are also good and healthfull to the body as well as pleasant to the tast Here againe pleasure and profit meet and imbrace so the Poet Hortus salubreis praebet corpori cibos Oblectat Hortus avocat pascit tenet The garden to the body gives sound and healthfull meats The Garden pleases most draws holds feeds with delicates In the heat of sommer what place is fitter for the table then some sweet shady coole Arbeur in the Garden And what meats better befitting that time of the yeare then some dainty dishes made of the coole fruits of the Orchard At which time cooling and refreshing the spirits from within and without by coole Ayres coole meats and drinks is most advantagious for health and long-life for these are the cheife meanes at that season to keep the spirits in a fine pleasant equall temper yea some fruits have higher vertues ascribed to them then barely to nourish some Apples are accounted Cordialls Avicen saies Lib. 6. Ca 569 that both the tart pleasant Apples strengthen the heart and to such as are troubled with hot infirmities they are a singular helpe Confortant Cor proprie odorifera dulcia acetosa c. L. Bacon reckons Peare-maines among coole Cordials So then Hist L.D. pag. 298. when Fruits are not only healthfull but also pleasant to the tast there is a double worth in them Consider now what has been said for the Pleasure of the Senses And if it be so acceptable to have the pleasure though but of one sense what will it be when there is a concurrence and meeting of all together which may be had in a Garden of Fruit-trees so the Poet. Non desit Hortis voluptas maxima Multisque commixta modis jucunditas Tribuit colenti multiforme gaudium There wants not in Gardens great pleasure to the mind And outward senses many mixt pleasures finde They yeeld unto the Artist Joyes of divers kind Profits We see what a plentifull and joyfull Harvest of Profits and Pleasures may be yearely reaped from an Orchard or Garden of Fruit trees Here 's Profit of divers kinds First to a mans Estate and that in two respects First in respect of housekeeping with meates and drinks all the yeare Secondly in respect of Sale either the fruits in their kinds or Syder Perry and wines made of them Secondly Here 's Profit to the body and that in two respects First in respect of Health by moderate excercise fresh-Aires pleasant Odors and wholsome Meates and drinks Secondly in respect of Long life by operation upon the spirits through the Organs of the body the Eare Touch Smell Sight Tast and through the Affections of the mind Hope Joy Admiration Thirdly Here 's Profit to the Mind And that in two respects First in respect of knowledge Naturall Morall Spirituall Secondly in respect of Affections Fourthly Here 's Profit to the Name and that in two respects first in this life by Gifts and benefits Secondly after death by Fruit-trees as living Monuments Here 's Profit to others and that in two respects first to the poore friends or enemies in the present times secondly to posterity or future ages Here 's likewise Pleasures Pleasures of divers kinds First to the Eare and that in two respects first by sweete tunes of singing birds secondly by
times According as is set forth in your Legacy of Husbandry The Designe for Plenty and other of your Published Treatises tending to generall Profit and the great encouragements in this worke which I have from time to time received from you for all which I shall be still ready thankfully to acknowledge my selfe Your very much engaged Servant RA AVSTEN To the Reader THere are extant many Treatises and Histories of Trees and Plants shewing us the Kinds Formes Natures and Vertues of them some likewise teach us the manner of Propagation of Fruit-trees their Sowing Grafting Setting Preservation and Ordering But most of these Authors speake in an unknown Tongue to the plaine English Husbandman whose encouragement and direction I shall herein much endeavour Only some few small peeces have beene offered to him which he may understand but very much defective in many necessary and principall parts of the Art of Planting Fruit-trees And not only so but likewise some of them are full of dangerous and hurtfull instructions and things notoriously untrue as shall particularly appeare in the ensuing discourse See pag. 78. So that a plaine sound Experimentall worke upon this subject hath been much wanting in this Nation The Art of Planting Fruit-trees is among Ancient Authors called Husbandry being it is one part of the Husbandmans work Quid sit Agricultura vid. pag. 6 though in many parts of this Nation Husbandmen have little skill in it their labour being chiefely Tillage of the ground for Corne. But this is a part of the Husbandmans worke as well as that yea and the chiefest and worthiest part Adam in time of his Innocency was imployed in this part of Husbandry about Fruit-trees as is shewed pag. 12. But when he had sinned he was put away from this worke to till the ground a lower and inferior labour Gen 3.23 The Lord God sent him forth from the Garden of Eden to till the Ground We see likewise the Scripture calls it Husbandry Noah is called an Husbandman when he planted a Vineyard Gen. 9.20 God blessed for ever is called an Husbandman for that he pruneth purgeth and ordereth his Mysticall Vine-tree the Church Ioh. 15.1 So that I shall keep the phrase throughout the Worke. I have seene I suppose the best Workes both of Ancient and Late Writers upon this Subject and have learned from them what I could for accomplishment of this Art and have observed the practise experiments of many from time to time concerning it and have improved them to my own advantage And likewise I have set my selfe to the Practice of this worke for the space of Twenty yeares and more endeavouring to find out things of use and profit by Practise and Experience that I might speake upon better and surer grounds then some others who have written upon this Subject for Experience guides and informes Reason in many things in which without Experience it would often erre Some who have taught this Art of Planting Fruit-trees have beene in it I conceive only Contemplative men having little or no Experience in it so that in many things they have erred and that grossely as shall appeare in due place L. Ba. Advanc Lear. A Learned Author saies The writings of speculative men upon active matter for the most part seemes to men of experience to be but as dreames and dotage And that it were to be wished as that which would make Learning indeed solid and fruitfull that Active men would or could become Writers Study and Practise by degrees frame new Arts and adde to the old Virg. Geor. Per varios usus Meditando extunderet Artes paulatim Experience is called the Perfecter of Arts and the most sure and best teacher in any Art Contemplation and Action are the two Leggs whereon Arts runne stedily and strongly and the one without the other can but hop or goe lamely They are the two Eyes wherewith men see natures secrets clearely but the one alone discernes but dimly And hence it followes that some who were only contemplators of nature without experience and would needs adventure to write give instructions touching the Practique part of this Art of Planting Fruit-trees have in many things as the aforesaid Author saies presented us with smoake insteed of the lucide flames of light They have indeed shewed us a comely and beautifull body painted according to Art but yet livelesse and without a spirit And have offered us shells and huskes instead of kernells But now speculation and Action are as Soule and Body united which labouring togeather worke out both Profit and Pleasure many advantages to our selves and others When Speculation and practise Art and Nature are matched together they are pregnant and fruitfull but the one alone wanting a meete helper what fruits can it bring forth Experience as a Philosopher saies is the Root of Art and it may well be so called from whence springs a numerous multitude of new Experiments for from one Root or single Experiment though perhaps a poore and meane one in it selfe if throughly weighed with Reason and judgement may arise many rich and rare inventions And it 's most true which the Lord Bacon saies to this purpose As through a small hole or cranny a man may see great Objects so through small and contemptible instances men may see great Axioms singular secrets of nature Men will labour hard and a long time in some labours full of hazard and danger and perhaps unjust too and all for a little profit but here in this employment men may with a little labour in a short time without hazard or danger and that justly obtaine great and many profits and those with Pleasures superadded Workes and labours which have in them but a vaine and unprofitable pleasure are approved but only of some sensuall persons And such labours as have but only Profit and doe not ease the paines with some Pleasantnesse in them are yet harsh and disliked of many but such as yeeld both Profit and Pleasure are universally liked allowed of all according to the Poet. Omne tulit punctum qui miscuit utile dulci. Either of these is the better because of the other joyned with it when they runne along hand in hand the Profit is the more because of the Pleasure and the Pleasure is more because of the Profit Now therefore That men may obtaine yearely a plentifull harvest of Profits and Pleasures I have endeavoured to remove whatsoever might hinder and have laid downe some Arguments of encouragement to set upon and prosecute the means to obtaine them discovering the best way I can find out how they may be gotten with most speede and kept with most security If any man think the Divine and Humane Arguments preceding the worke to be needlesse because generally men know that Planting Friut-trees is a very profitable worke none doubt it I Answer Some know it by experience many others doe not And although men are convinced of the profitablenes of the worke
Profit Now of all estates of life the husbandman may cheifly challenge this to himselfe yea it is questionable whether the Profit or Pleasure of his life be the greater God when he would make the life of man Pleasant unto him he put him into an Orchard or Garden of delights that he might labour therein with pleasure of mind There a man is delighted with variety of Fruits of Trees not in one season only but in diverse seasons of the yeare some young and springing forth while diverse other kinds are ready to fall with ripenesse So that a man doth even busy himselfe with the choice of such varieties The Boughs burthened with the weight of Fruits do bow to thee and in a lowly manner offer their Fruits as the Poet notes Behold the bending Boughes with store of Fruits they teare And what they have brought forth for weight they scarce can beare Oh how sweet and pleasant is the fruit of those Trees which a man hath Planted and ordered with his own hand to gather it and largly and freely to bestow and distribute it among his kindred and freinds Yea it is a delight to heare the pleasant tunes and singing of Birds which with their variety of notes make a sweet harmony and concent and much please and allure the sence So the Poet Melodious Ditties chirping Birds indite Whose pleasant songs our ravisht eares invite Theophrastus planted an Orchard close to his dwelling house which when he died he left to students and lovers of Philosophy and wisdome Democritus had his Chamber neere to a garden Many Philosophers have taught their schollers in Orchards and Gardens What worke is more innocent then Planting of Fruit-trees Augustine and what more full of high speculations to wise men then it is What is more wonderfull to behold then in sowing seeds in planting sprigs in removing young Trees in grafting new shoots or grafts as it were to aske and demand with a mans selfe what by the nature and virtue of the Roots and branches may be done or what may not be done for what reason it may be done or not done seeing the nature of things may after a sort be declared by reason what of many things is of force and effect by an invisible and inward power and nature what diligence is outwardly to be used c. In which consideration and search we may see and understand these things Yet for all that neither he that Plants is any thing nor he that waters but God that gives the encrease They accompt this course of life free from many mischeifes and and vexations that necessarily attend other affaires great and many cares and troubles are found in honours and high places but this course of life about Orchards and Gardens is full of sweet rest honest businesse and modest pleasures which many famous and learned men have had recourse unto for refreshment after study and other labours It is full of honest profit and gaine and brings and administers all necessaries here a man enjoyes pleasant quietnesse and tranquility of minde which is seldome attained by those that follow State-Imployments This is worthy the exercise of wise men of good men of learned men of Kings and Emperours they have taken great delight in the study and practise of these things This course of life is farre off from covetousnesse and even tyed and married to all Offices of love and friendship This is a quiet and pleasant life worthy to be preferred before all honours and dignities This culture of the ground and planting and ordering of Fruit-trees Occasions search and inquiry into many secrets profitable to men which brings unto them ample satisfaction yea the excellency and worthinesse of Husbandry is surpassing it excells all other Arts and appeares as the Lady or Mistris they as Servants attending her Many of the Ancients have largely declared to us the nature and use of Plants and Trees before all other living creatures The profit of a Garden of Fruit-trees is wonderfull and cannot well be declared And if Antiquity can adde any noblenesse and worth to a thing what imployment then before this what more ancient then the labour of the Husbandman Husbandmen are called Honest and good men because of their innocent and just life Cicero esteemed it best of all other labours nothing more rich and profitable nothing more delightfull nothing more worthie a generous spirit then it In former times those that were honoured and carried in triumph they were not honoured with Gold Pearles or other such pretious things but with the Boughs and Branches of Trees And in their Games and exercises who so got the Prize were crowned with Branches of certaine Trees as the Olive Palme c. Such as got the Conquest and victory of their enemies were crowned with the Lawrell which was to them a signe of Victorie And in their feasts they gave Crownes and Garlands of Leaves and Branches of trees in token of mirth and pleasure Besides if this labour receive honour from the persons that have been conversant in it then it is a kingly Art See the worthie Acts of Cyrus King of Persia Ezra 1.1.2.3 c. and chiefest of all other Cyrus King of Persia who had all the Kingdomes of the earth given to him was diligent and most exact in the handling of it He planted Orchards Gardens of Fruitt-rees with his owne hand which when Lysander saw he admired to see the excellent and singular order and disposition of them saying O Cyrus right blessed shall all men call thee because to thy dignity and Crowne thou hast joyned this care and course of life Telephanes tilled the ground and planted Trees among his subjects Elizeus Spartanus planted spacious and large Orchards and used therein to feast and Banquet with his children and friends Kings Emperours and highest powers were not ashamed to perform the workes belonging to an Orchard with their own hands Divers Emperours of Rome had Gardens of Fruit-trees and performed the works therein with delight Of this See Sir Rich Barkley of the felicity of man pag. 162. Dioclesian Emperour of Rome after he had reigned Twenty yeares betooke himselfe to a private life and Planted Orchards and Gardens with his own hand wherein he tooke such delight that he could not be intreated to take upon him againe the Goverment of the Empire Solomon the wisest of all Kings had Orchards and Gardens of Fruit-trees and tooke pleasure in them and spake of all Trees from the Cedar even to the Shrub Mascall sets out this Art with admirable praises he saies among all sciences and goodly exercises for men there is none doe more refresh the spirits nor cause more admiration in the effects of Nature or is more profitable for mans life then is the skill of Planting and Grafting Many great Lords and Noble Personages have left their Theaters and goodly exercises and have given themselves to Planting and Grafting and such like imployments and have commended
Vertue that of the chiefest Nature that secular Imployments have in them So then observe some Examples recorded by ancient Authors in this imployment of planting Fruit-trees Pog. Florent Plures excellentis doctrinae viri Philosophandi studio c. Many famous and learned men saith he studious in Philosophy have delighted in this course of life and found therein abundance of pleasure and contentment Joan. Bap. Port. Si dignitas Agriculturae accedit ex iis qui eam tractaverint Regalis Ars dignissima erit If the dignity and esteeme of this Art may be drawne from those who have been conversant in it then it is a Kingly Art and chiefest of all others Reges Imperatores summosque Magistratus c. Cyrus King of Persia Philometrus King of Asia Heronus King of Asia Archelaus King of Asia Attalus King of Asia Evax and Avicen Kings of Arabia Solomon King of Israel Telaphanus Antonius Pius Elizeus Numa Sportanus Alcinous Mithridates the great Alexander the great Dioclesian Emperour of Rome And many others Kings Princes Roman Emperours and the highest powers on earth have not disdained to performe the works of an Orchard with their own hands and taken delight therein Mascall saies Many great Lords and Noble personages have left their Theaters and goodly exercises and have given themselves to Planting and Grafting and have accounted nothing of higher commendation The second Humane Argument 2. Humane Argument of the dignity value of Fruit-trees and the art of planting is from the praises of ancient and late writers and the suffrage or generall consent of all people Works imployments that have the praise but of some persons only we cannot conclude the worth and dignity thereof from such praises because selfe and sinister ends may sway in the minds of such but those imployments that have the Praise of all and where there is a concurrence and consent of minds in all people in the praise thereof of the Good as wel as the bad of the Learned as well as the unlearned of the Wise as well as the unwise these probably are good and vertuous Now this art and imployment of planting Fruit-trees hath the joynt and unanimous consent not only of the greatest persons of the world but likewise of all persons in the world ther 's none hath ill will towards it none hath any thing to say against it but all without ecception give it their good word and speake in the praise of it If men doe but speake of it they 'l commend it and say it s a goodly imployment it s both a pleasant and profitable worke its good for a Commonwealth it enriches whole Countries to this purpose men usually speake of it what ancient and late writers have said in the praise of it may be seen pag. 8 9 10 c. And for the second Humane Argument thus much The third Humane Argument 3. Humane Argument of the dignity and value of Fruit trees and the art of planting is Argumentum ab utili from the Profits that are receav'd thereby Let us see then what Profits may be had from an Orchard or Garden of Fruit-trees Profits arise from an Orchard many waies 1. In the Family one way is to a mans Estate and that in two respects first in respect of house-keeping and provision for his family all the year e Secondly in respect of sale Such as have good Orchards knowe by experience that they are very profitable for meat and drink all the yeare-long many good dishes they make of Fruits and many wholsome and pleasant drinks Syder Perry Cherry-Wines c. which are not barely nourishing but have other speciall properties they moderately coole and refresh the spirits in heat of Sommer and besides they keep the body from grosse and superfluous humours and carry downe the seeds of diseases which else would lodge and grow in the body and at length spring out to the preiudice of health Of the healthfulnesse of these Liquors See the use of Fruits 2. For Sale Secondly Fruit-trees are profitable to the Husbandman in respect of sale of the fruits when a man has more then he can spend in his house especially to such as live neare some great Towne or Citty where they have vent at pleasure The Poet saw the Profits of an Orchard when he said Non illi deerat quod pauperis exigit usus Interdum locuples à paupere multa petebat The Orchard doth with fruit the poore supply With which he doth the wealthie gratify The Profits of an Orchard once come to good perfection doth exceed the profits of Corne upon like quantity of ground many times over As hath been computed and set down by those that I suppose well knew the value of both And touching Profits to the Estate thus much 2. Profitable to the body Secondly An Orchard or Garden of Fruit-trees and Imployments about the same is profitable to the body first in respect of health secondly in respect of long life 1. In respect of Health What is a greater earthly blessing then perfect health of body some have said valetudo est summum bonum Health is the chiefest earthly good thing what will not men doe for health they will set body and mind all on work for health they will part with friends house and lands silver and gold and all for health Now health is preserved first by moderate and seasonable exercise in the Orchard the labour that preserves health must not be too violent Hist Life and death p. 412. 269. it must be but ad ruborem non adsudorem as some advise to bring the body to a temperate and gentle heat not to immoderate sweating The Lord Bacon adviseth to exercise causing rather perspiration then sweating and saies further that an idle life doth manifestly make the flesh soft and dissipable but robust exercise so it be without overmuch sweating and wearinesse maketh it hard and compact which advanceth health Secondly Health is preserved by fresh wholsome Ayres which in heat of sommer is found in Arbors Seats and Walks in the garden of Fruit-trees The aforesaid Author tells us the ayre in sommer is predatory and hurtfull through the heat of the sun and therefore ought as much as may be to be excluded from the body Now there is no fresh wholsome ayres and coole shades to be found any where in sommer season better then these in the Orchard or garden of Fruit-trees so the Poet Opaca prebent arbores umbracula Prohibentque densis fervidum solem comis Green Canopies the shady trees us lend Gainst schorching sun boughs thick whilst they extend Thirdly Health is preserv'd by pleasant and wholsome Odors and perfumes found in the Garden of Fruit-trees all the spring and sommer by digging the Earth and from the Leaves and blossomes of Trees Lo Ba tells us the vapors of fresh earth by digging condense and refresh the spirits
puttest thine hand unto And againe Deut. 16.15 Because the Lord thy God shall blesse thee in all thy encrease and in all the workes of thine hands therefore thou shalt surely rejoyce A Christian may rejoyce in the Lord in the use of earthly blessings And in this imployment of Planting Fruit-trees there are many grounds and occasions of rejoycing The joy of the Husbandman is not a flash and so away but it is a setled and habituall joy and is renued from time to time which is the very thing the aforesaid Author speaks of in giving instructions concerning Long-life This life saies he as much as may be is so to be ordered that it may have many renovations Hist L.D. pag. 228. and the spirit by continuall conversing in the same actions may not waxe dull Pag. 232 And againe One thing above all is gratefull to the spirits that there be a continuall progresse to the more benigne and no doubt saith he it furthereth Long life Pag. 164. to have all things from our youth to our elder age mend and grow to the better Now this imployment of Planting Fruit-trees is above all humane arts most sutable to these Rules whereby this Affection of joy is kept fresh and vigorous which also keepes the spirits cheerefull and lively for herein are many renovations and a continuall progresse to the more benigne and things mending and growing to the better Ioy is continually renued from yeare to yeare yea in divers seasons of the yeare there are fresh and new joyes In the spring of the yeare joy springs afresh in beholding the seeds and young Grafts and Plants spring forth vigorously and strongly And the buds and blossomes breathing forth pretious pleasant Odors rejoyce and delight the inward and outward sences promising a plentifull Harvest of Fruits in Autumne and all the Sommer long joy is cherished with coole fresh ayres singing of Birds sight of abundance of Fruits burd'ning all the Trees delighting the Eye with their beautifull formes colours in Autumne joy is renued againe with a rich and plentifull Harvest of Fruits And all the Winter long joy is nourished and fed with a free use of all the Fruits Wines Delicates made of them So here 's a succession of joyes one following on the neck of another whereby the spirits are still kept in a cheerfull temper and condition and so work powerfully on the grosser parts of the body conducing to Long-life Concerning the lawfulnesse of rejoycing in earthly blessings with a Caution See afterwards Another Affection of the Minde which in this imployment works powerfully upon the spirits for Long life is admiration 3. Affection Admiration Hist L. D. pag. 225. The Lord Bacon saies Admiration and light Contemplation are very powerfull to the Prolongation of life This affection ascends a step higher then the other two for as joy rises higher then Hope so Admiration higher then joy It is our duty to Admire God in his works which is a steppe higher them simply to praise him when we look upon the works of a skilfull Artificer and commend it it is for his credit but when we admire and wonder at it this is a higher commendation The holy Prophet would have us search out wonder at the works of God Ps 111.2 The works of the Lord are great sought out of all them that have pleasure therein Ver 3. his work is honourable and glorious and he calls us to this duty of admiration O come hither and behold the works of God how wonderfull he is in his doings Ps 111.4 He hath so done his Marveilous workes that they ought to be had in remembrance Now in this Imployment of planting Fruit-trees are many things to be seen and understood to cause admiration which works effectually upon the spirits for Long-life Baptist Port. speaking of the wonderfull effects of Grafting saies Lib. de Cult Insitione Ch. 17 it is an admirable Art and the chiefest part of the husbandmans worke Artem infitionis admirabilem esse ac totius Agriculturae nobilissimam partem voluptuosam utilem c. When he considers the strange effects of Grafting he falls a wondring O mira insitionis potestas c. And Mizaldus speaking of grafting saies Insitionis ope artificiosa multa ad stuporem usque miranda fieri many things may be done even to admiration Austin wonders at these things Quid majus mirabiliúsque spectaculum est quam cum positis seminibus plantatis surculis c. In exiguo grano mirabilior praestantiorque vis est c. What more strange things are to be seene in Nature then in sowing seeds setting grafting young plants and such like works In a small seed there is a wonderfull and admirable power and vertue Many strange things may be found in this imployment Will it not cause admiration to consider that a huge and mighty body the biggest of all bodies whatsoever that have life does arise of a small kernell or seed that that seed should containe in it virtually or potentially a great Tree with all the properties of it and retaine its nature exactly in every particular Will it not cause Admiration to see goodly wholsome and beautifull fruits come forth of rough and crooked Trees especially to observe the manner of their comming forth the care that nature takes to secure and preserve the seed of the Fruit with the Buds Blossomes Skin substance of the fruits with the Core Stones or shells and also with the leaves of the Trees Will it not cause Admiration to consider that the nature and properties of a great tree are inclosed and lye in every small twig yea in every Bud of the tree even in the least Bud yea in the Root of that least Bud which Bud being set on a small Plant according to Art will grow to a Tree in all respects like to that whence it was taken Will it not cause Admiration to consider how many severall substances are made of one simple substance for of the Sap of Trees is made the Barke Wood Pith Leaves Buds Blossomes Stalke Fruit and Seed Will it not cause Admiration to consider that Grafts or Buds set upon Wild stocks such as naturally bring forth sower harsh and naughty fruits And though the Grafts and Buds be nourished by that harsh and different sap and receive all their substance and grouth from it that yet these Grafts and Buds should retaine their own natures and not be altered into the nature of the stock whereon they grow but have power to digest change and assimilate this harsh and sower sap into their own sweet pleasant natures and bring forth fruits accordingly Will it not cause Admiration to see little small Plants of but two yeares old and some but of one yeare if grafted to hang full of fruits and to be able to beare them forth to their natural bignesse and goodnesse and notwithstanding make a large and sufficient grouth the same
them But if you keep the wall well pointed with lime that they have no harbour there and the Roots cleane from weeds you 'l not be much troubled with them Another mischiefe incident to fruit 5 Wasps is by Wasps and Hornets sometimes some find out their nests are so bold as to destroy them there by scalding water or some other way Another way to destroy them is by hanging Earthen Pots halfe full of water in Trees dawbed in the innerside with hony and they will leave the fruits and fall to the hony and having suckt of it they fall into the water and perish This way destroys multitudes Birds also spoyle Buds and fruits 6 Birds the Bul-finch and Lennet in the Winter time and Spring eate up multitudes of Buds of Cherrie-trees and Plum-trees which are prepar'd for blossomes and fruits being ripe they peck and eat many You may destroy them by setting lyme-twigs with baits in the Trees kill some with a Peece or Cros-bow and hang them in the Trees Also Clack-Mills may be set in divers places in the Orchard which wil affright them But the greatest mischiefe incident to fruits is by cold winds and Frosts in the spring time by strong winds in sommer 7 Winds Autumne which shake off the Fruits against the hurt of cold winds frosts wall-trees may be covered for a certaine time while they are knitting being exceeding tender and great standard trees may be smoked in knitting time setting on fire some moist straw or any thing that will make a smoke under and among the Trees Also against strong winds the Orchard must be defended if it be possible with some high Trees on the North East and West sids or so planted that they may have houses hils or something or other to break off these winds from the Fruit-trees Soe much concerning Diseases and Mischeifes incident to Fruit-trees and fruits with their Cures and Remedies The Alimentall and Physicall use of Fruits Fruit-trees being Planted and duly Ordered to fruit-bearing then comes the joyfull Harvest the End of all our Labours And then we make use of all the Fruits for our greatest Profit and because some have ways to order fruits for advantage which others know not of I thinke good to say something concerning the use of fruits in respect both of their Alimentall and Physicall Vse First concerning the use of Apples Of Apples When Apples are ready they may be Disposed of Divers wayes some for Syder others for Sale others for daily Dishes to the Table Syder is usually made of such Apples as are moist sommer fruits some are fit to make Syder so soone as they are gathered others may lye a certaine time to mellow as they use in some places whereof most excellent Syder is made if the Apples are taken when they are just ready and fit to eate being the crude or raw spirit is then digested How to make Syder The Apples being ripe gather them being cleane picked from Stalks and leaves grind them in the Mill or pownd them small in Trows of wood or stone then straine them tunne up the Liquor immediately let it not stand as some do it looseth spirits And having filled a Vessell great or small take Clay and lay it round about the Tunne hole not to stop it up but make it hollow round about to containe so much Syder as that when it hath done working the Vessell may yet be full put in a small quantity of Mustard to make it worke the better and when it hath done working then stop it up presently very close and it will keep better then if the Vessell were not full In drawing of it give it no more Aire then needs must If you hang divers kinds of Spices bruised in the middle of the Vessell in a thin Linnen Bag they give the Liquor an excellent relish put it not in till the Syder have done working If you boyle Syder with spices newly strayned such will be cordiall you may colour it with juyce of Mulberies or Rasberies or of the Great-bearing-Cherry and make it like Clarret-wine How to keepe Syder Syder may be kept perfect good many yeares if being setled it be drawn out into Bottles and well stopt with Corks and hard wax melted thereon and bound down with a Packthred then sunk down into a Well or Poole or buried in the ground or sand laid in a Cellar Before you gather Apples to keep let them be ripe How to keepe Apples which may be known by the colour and by the seed cut some of them and if the seed be turn'd browne or somewhat blacke such may be gathered gather them in a dry day pull them one by one and put them into Baskets lined with woollen cloath that they bruise not Carry them into a Loft or upper Chamber and lay them on Mats or Boords not on Plaister or Clay Flowers Lay them thin not on heapes as some doe let the windows and holes on the South side be all shut up but open especially upon the North side in dry daies that the ayre and winds may dry up their superfluous moisture Lay every kind by themselves and pick out all the Leaves and such as rot from time to time Turne them sometimes and in Frost cover them with Mats Straw or the like If Apples offend any through winde eat with them Ginger or other Hot spices or Carroway seeds Fennell seeds or the like Hist stirp l. 3. pag. 777. So Dodonaeus Quorum malignitas vel aromatis vel aliis corrigi potest Apples are prepared for the Table all the yeare long many waies I shall not need to speak of particulars and are pleasant and healthfull to the body Dulcia poma minus frigida sunt Dod on hist l. 3. p. ibid. ac humida alimentum conferunt amplius quam caetera poma He saies Pleasant Apples are lesse cold and moist and afford more nourishment then others Concerning their Physicall use De Aliment facul l. 2. p. 20. Gallen ascribes heat to some kind of Apples he speaks of their Physicall propertie in relaxing the belly saies the acid acrid performe this but with some difference Haec cum calefactione Illa autem cum refrigeratione The Acrid doe it with heat the other with cold Sweet Apples relax the belly more then other kinds A good Author saies every sweet thing detergeth relaxeth And therefore Peares which are generally more sweet then Apples loosen the body more then Apples Apples also help Concoction So Gallen D Alim facult l. 2. post cibum statim dare ipsa c. taken after meat Nonnunquā autem cum pane ad ventriculum stomachum roborandum eaten with bread they strengthē the stomach So Avicen confortant debilitatem stomachi L. 2. c. 569 Galen saies pleasant Apples are profitable in hot diseases Saepe in morbis afferunt praesidium So Matth Pomum coctivum non
solum sanis competit sed etiam aegris He saies they are Cordiall to persons in hot diseases Calidis cordis affectibus succurrunt Being rosted In Com. pr. l. Dioscor and eaten with Rosewater and Sugar and that the pleasanter kinds are helpfull against Melancholy are good against the Plurisie if rosted and eaten Glycyrrhizae succo saccharo mirifice juvant With juyce of Liquorice and sugar morning and evening two houres before meat they wonderfully help Observe one speciall Physicall propertie more of Apples set down by a Learned and experienced Author These be his words Ger. Herb. pag. 1270. The pulp of rosted Apples foure or five if Pomewaters mixed in a wine Quart of faire water laboured together and drunk at night last within an houre doth in one night cure those that pisse by drops with great anguish and dolour the strangury and all other diseases proceeding of the difficulty of making water but in twice taking it never fayleth in any also the running of the Reines which I have often proved and gained thereby both Crownes and credit So the Author Of Peares Concerning Peares a Lib. 2. de A liment fa. p. 20. Galen saies they have like properties with Apples and what is said of Apples if we attribute the same to Peares there needs nothing anew to be said of them Quae de Malis diximus si ad Pira transtuleris nihil erit quod nos de ipsis novum dicere oportet Avicen saies b Lib. 2. ch 548. sedant Choleram they mitigate Choler c Hist stirp 3. Dodonaeus commends them above Apples for their nourishing propertie Alimenta Pira omnia amplius copiosius quam Mala conferunt So * Li. 2. Ch. 548. Avicen Humor eorum plurimus laudabilior est humore pomorum Peares make an excellent Wine being well ordered A late Author saies we might have wine of Peares and other of our Fruits Ma. Rust not inferior to French Wines And another tells us that a famous Physitian of his time was not content to equall them with Wine of Grapes but preferred them before it in every thing I need not tell Herefordshire and Worcestershire men the good properties of Perry Syder they know by experience it is both Alimentall and Physicall that it is profitable not only for Health but also for long life and that Wines made of the best kind of Apple and Peares is a spetiall Cordiall chearing and reviving the spirits making the heart glad as wine of Grapes And it has beene observ'd that those who drinke Syder and Perry daily or frequently as their common drinke are generally healthy persons and long-lived And that it will begger a Physitian to live where Syder and Perry are of generall use Quinces are speciall fruits and of manifold use Of Quinces not only for daily nourishment but also for Physicall respects either of themselves or mixed with other fruits Matthiolus commends them both for meate and medicine boyled with hony Com in lib. 1 Dioscor pag. 201. Ex melle tantum Cotoneorum carne confecta tam ad cibi quà m medicamenti commodum So Rovilius Hist plant lib. 3. pag. 290. And that many dainties for Banquets are prepared of them Multa ex Cydoniis malis parata ex iis sectis diutius in aqua elixis donec tabescant c. There are divers waies of making Marmalade of Quinces which is knowne to be a good Cordiall strengthning the Stomack and Heart both of the sick and sound Galen saies being made with Hony it will last seaven yeares De Aliment facul lib. 2. pag. 20. and loose none of it's properties diu duret si quis ipsum cum melle coctum asservare velit post annos septem invenimus nihil in qualitate immutatum Dodonaeus saies they bind strongly of their owne nature Hist stirp lib. 3. pap 784. and stay vomiting Valde astringunt ventriculum roborant vomitum sedant Quinces may be kept good a yeare or as some have said two yeares thus put them in a Barrell cover them with Penny Ale and once in 10 or 12 daies draw it off but stirre not the Quinces then put in fresh Ale againe from time to time this is accompted far better then usuall Pickle Others keep them thus Boyle the parings and Cores of Qinces with salt and Ginger and in this pickle they 'l keep divers Monthes A late Author saies there 's no fruit in this Land of so manifold use as Quinces Cherries are a healthfull and pleasant fruit Of Cherries De Nat. stirp ch 64. lib. 1. Ruelius saies Cerasa bonum succum creant they breed good humours in the body so another bonum sanguinem generant Dodoneus accompts the tart and sharp Cherries best Inter Cerasa optima sunt acidula There is a pleasant and refreshing wine made of Cherries in Countries where they have great store both of their Lyquor only and the same mixed with Grapes Vvis maturis admiscentur deinde vinum ex his paratur gustatu gratissimum Doubtlesse Cherry wine in sommer is a pleasant and healthfull lyquor more proper for that season then hot wines Cherries boyled in brothes and drinks give a pleasant relish and are good for hot and feverish bodies And in Countries where there are great store their custome is to eat their breakfasts of Bread butter and Cherries The Schoole or Universitie of Salerne gives them great commendations and tells us divers commodities they afford Cerasa si comedas tibi confert grandia dona Expurgant Stomachum nucleus lapidem tibi tollit Et de carne suâ sanguis eritque bonus By eating Cherries great good doth arise To such as use them for the learned wise Say that they purge the Stomack and beside The broken stones and kernels have beene try'd To breake the bladder-stone breed wholsome blood To fat and feede the body they be good Another saies they increase and comfort the Liver and that the tart and sharp close the mouth of the stomack and make the better and speedier digestion Com in l. 1. Dioscor pag. 198. Matthiolus saies Omnia refrigerant roborant tibi appetentiam excitant ideoque febricitantibus ac sitientibus facile conceduntur à medicis Germanis All Cherries do coole strengthen and stirre up appetite to meate and therefore they are readily allowed by the Germane Physitians to such as have feverish hot and thirsty diseases other Authours say the like which for brevities sake I omit Of Plums Matthiolus saies Pruna bilem dejiciunt proinde ea utiliter medici ad febres aliosque biliosos affectus reddant Plums cast out cholerick humours Com in l. 1. Dios p. 216. and are good in fevers and other cholerick and hot diseases A late Authour saies out of damsons and other sweete Plums may be made a drinke not inferior to some good wines and abundance of Aquavitae Schol. Sal. saies