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A01691 The lands mourning, for vaine swearing: or The downe-fall of oathes Declaring how this land groneth vnder the burthen of this sinne, and of Gods fearefull iudgements that attend it. A sermon preached at Paules Crosse, the 11. of Iuly. 1613. By Abraham Gibson, Mr. of Arts. Gibson, Abraham, b. 1586 or 7. 1613 (1613) STC 11829; ESTC S118374 53,620 128

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1 Hee onely is omniscient and the discerning of thoughts for an Oath is taken in vncertaine and vnknowne matters of which hee onely can iudge that knoweth the heart Now this is proper to God alone hee discouereth the deepe and secret things Dan. 2. 22. and he knoweth the hearts of all the children of Dan. 2. 22. men 1 Kin. 8. 39. Therefore he onely to be sworne by 1 King 8. 39. Secondly to him we sweare by 2 He onely is omnipotent we attribute omnipotence and the reuenging of falshood This also is proper to God therefore he onely Mihi vindicta to be sworne by for vengeance is Deut. 32. 35. mine saith the Lord Rom. 12. 19. Rom 12. 19. and he is able to destroy body and soule in hell fire Matth. 10. 28. Matth. 10. 28. Thirdly God onely is to be inuocated 3 Hee onely to be inuocated and prayed vnto Now an Oath is a kinde of inuocation wherin wee desire God to vvitnesse the truth of our speech and to punish vs if wee speake falsely Therefore we are to sweare neither by Angell Saint nor any other creature but by God alone All these are his royal Titles and Not the least of these Titles must be denied him not the least of them must be denied him He is not as the Gods of the Heathen which like good fellowes would part stakes but the true God is a iealous God will not giue his glory to another Esa 48. 11. Exod. 24. 5. Hence arose the vse which was among Esa 48. 11. the Iewes and is obserued Gloriam meam non dabo alteri in these our times in the taking of publike Oaths to touch the Bible when we sweare not by it but the contents of it which is God and the summe of it which is Christ vvho because hee is the subiect of the vvhole Word is therefore called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Iohn 1. 1. the Word Iohn 1. 1. And so much for the second condition of a lawfull Oath To proceed as it must be in a 3 It must be in veritate waightie matter and by Iehouah so in Truth in Righteousnesse and in Iudgement Which three last properties are set downe by our Prophet D. Hieron in Ierem. Tres comites iuramenti sine quibus non iuramentum sed periurium fiat Chap. 4. 2. and they are tearmed by a Father the three Companions of an Oath without which it becommeth no Oath but periurie We must sweare 1 In Truth not falsely 2 In Righteousnes not wickedly Iudicio caret iuramentumincautum veritate iuramentum mendax iustitia iuramentum iniquum illicitum Aquin. 3 In Iudgement not rashly By the first are condemned false and fraudulent Oathes by the second sinfull and vnlawfull Oathes by the third rash and vnaduised Oathes To speake of them in order And first that an Oath must be in Truth is a knowne truth and needeth no proofe you see the God of Truth requireth it Now An Oath tvvo-fold vvhereas an Oath is two-fold either Assertorie or Promissory by the Assertorium de facto promissorium de futuro one affirming something done by the other promising something to be done we are to know that in both Truth necessarie in both Truth is necessary And first in a Promissory Oath we 1 In an Oath promissorie are commanded first to sweare what vvee meane to performe and after 1 to performe vvhat we haue sworne 2 Not breaking our promise Numb 30. 3. Deus dicitur iurasse sermone Metaphorico 1. quoad similitudinem iurantis immobiliter aliquid deliberauit per quod declaratur non solum quae promittuntur Deum decreuisse sed omnimoda immobilitate defin●●sse Caietan in Cap 2. Gen. but performing our Oathes Mat. 5. 33. And for this we haue the example of God himselfe he remembreth the Oath to Abraham Lu. 1. 37. So must wee if the sonnes of God and such as will rest in his holy Mountaine not change our Oath though to our hinderance Psa 15. 4. Nay * Cic. offi lib. 3. Tully the Heathen Oratour telleth vs that an Oath must be sacredly kept toward our enemies as Dauid made conscience of keeping his Oath to Shimei that before had cursed him 2 Sam. 19. 23. And therefore the Latine vvord Iuramentum Valla. lib. 6. eleg cap. 37. quae enim iuramus firma et immota debent esse à iure manente plainely signifieth vnto vs that our Oathes must be stedfast and constant And so much the Greeke word importeth vnto vs 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whether wee Ioan. Scap. ex Eust pag. 1194. vnderstand it quasi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a hedge or quasi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a bound or limit because the Swearer hath hedged himselfe about with Gods truth and is so brought within bounds and limits that hee cannot but performe what hee hath sworne And so much for truth in an Oath promissorie Secondly in an Oath assertorie 2 In an Oath Assertorie a tvvo-fold truth there is a double truth required Logicall and Morall as the Schoolemen speak The one the truth of the thing the other the truth of the minde The first vvhen vve speake as it is the second when we thinke as we speake In a lawfull Oath both are requisite First that our tongue 1 Veritas Logica goe according to the thing and that not vpon Coniectures and probabilities but vpon a truth and a truth vndoubted for which wee haue good ground proofe and warrant Secondly that our minde accord with our tongue not meaning 2 Veritas moralis one thing when wee sweare another but according to the simple and plaine vnderstanding of the Oath being in conscience perswaded of the truth of it Thus in euery particular it standeth vs in hand to haue our laynes girt about with veritie Ephes 6. 14. and good Ephes 6. 14. Reason reason for otherwise wee eyther make God a lyer or else easie to be deceiued when wee call him to witnesse a falshood both which are impious and very iniurious both to God our Creator who is The God 1 of truth Psal 31. 5. and to Christ Psal 31. 5. our Redeemer who is Truth it selfe 2 Iohn 14. 6. and to the holy Ghost Iohn 14. 6. our Sanctifier who is the Spirit of Truth Iohn 14. 26. And so much 3 for the third condition of a lawfull Iohn 14. 26. Oath Fourthly it must be in Righteousnesse 4 It must be in Iusticia according to Iustice And here wee must chiefely looke to two things 1. That the Occasion 2. That the Matter be iust First that there be iust cause and And here vvee must looke to tvvo things occasion to take an Oath eyther in respect of God or Man First in respect of God when thereby his doctrine 1 That there be iust cause