taxed as a Felon for coyning of Money c. 7. Ordination of Church-Officers Jewish 1. PRiests were thus consecrated 1. They must put their Garments on 2. Be presented unto the Lord at the door of the Tabernacle 3. Wash'd with Water 4. Offer up certain Sacrifices whereof some pieces were put into the Priests hands 5. The tip of the right Ear the Thumb of the right Hand the great Toe of the right Foot were to be sprinkled all with the Blood of a Ram. 6. Anointed The High-Priest with a costly Chrism poured on him The second Priests only with this Oyl mixed with the Blood of the Sacrifice 7. All this before the Congregation 8. They were to stay in the door of the Tabernacle seven days 2. Levites were consecrated by imposition of hands Numb 8.24 The Levites were 1. Initiated at a month old 2. Consecrated at 25. 3. Entered upon the ministration at the age of 30. 4. Continued till 50. Ancient Christian Here observe 1. The persons ordaining viz. 1. Bishops ordained all orders undr Bishops 2. All the Bishops of the province present or consenting ordained the Bishop The Metropolitan confirming him 2. The Approbation of the parsons ordained The People of the place at all Ordinations were 1. Present and 2. Ratifying the Action with their Consent and Approbation it being seldom or never done without their Presence and Suffrage v. Constit Appl. l. 8. c. 4. Cypr. Ep. 68. To this end the Bishop used to propund and publish the Names of them who took Holy Orders before-hand that the people might interpose if they had any thing to object When the Ordination was more remote or private they were then to bring Testimonials 3. Examination They examin'd their fitness enquired severely what had been their course of life from their Youth c. v. pag. 30. 4. The Age of persons to be ordained 1. Bishops were to be 35 at least Photius 〈◊〉 App. Constit l. 2. c. 1. 2. Priests were to be 30 at least Concil Neoc c. 11. Conc. Agd. 3. Deacons were to be 25. 4. Deaconesses 40. 5. The Ceremony of lifting up the Hands which was a Ceremony used at Athens and in some of the State of Greece in Election of Magistrates And amongst the Jews there was 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Consecration viz. of Bishops Priests and Deacons 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Blessing Hands being laid on them only as in Absolution of Penitents Thus Sub-Deacons c. Readers and Deaconesses were set apart Mahometan 1. The Mufti is chosen by the Sultan 2. The Cadi's or Judges are first examined by the Cadilesquiri or Doctors of Law and if they are found sufficiently qualified in respect of their conversation and skill they are Sworn to do Justice and give Account of their Charge when called to it 3. All the Inferiour Orders of the Priests are chosen by the People Purchas Ancient Heathen The Flamines were created by the People Comitiis Curiatis at their Parish-Meetings or Courts 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hesiod Oper. c. p. l. 436. Si hoc in ministro requirit Hesiodus ut Juvenem bobus praeficere noluerit quantò minùs Ecclesiasticis rebus publicis praeficeret In Notis Shaving of the Head was used by the Babylonian Priests as also of the Beard Rosse And the Egyptians Idem Modern Heathen The Tirinaxe's in Ceylon were made by the King The General or Tricon in China is nominated by the King The Superiours and Guardians in the Monasteries are nominated by the Provincial In Pegu the Talipan is carried first about the Streets on Horse-back with Pipes and Drums then upon Men's Shoulders to his House Rosse In Mexico the Priests were all Anointed and were their Hair long for they never cut it Idem Purchas ex Acosta The Monks of China are shaven Diabolical Dr. Dee tells us That in this Method he Consecrated his Son Arthur to the Office of Seeing and Skrying from God and by God's Assignment 1. I brought the Child to the Holy Table being in Order of the Furniture thereto belonging 2. I set before him the Stone in the Frame my first Sanctified Stone 3. And caused him on his Knees to say the Prayer which I made O Almighty Everlasting God have pity on my Father John Dee and on me Arthur Dee Quicken Instruct c. Vid. Dr. Dees's Actions with Spirits A. 1587. Apr. 15. 4. And I also prayed to the Child's hearing other Prayers to God for the purpose in hand 8. Sacerdotal c. Vestments or Distinctions Jewish 1. THE Garments of the High-Priest 1. In his ordinary Ministration 1. Linnen Breeches next his Skin 2. A Linnen Coat over that 3. A Girdle embroidered of Linnen Purple and Scarlet 4. A blue Robe with 72 Bells of Gold and as many Pomegranates purple and blue upon the Skirts 5. A Linnen Ephod wrought with Gold Purple and Scarlet girded with a curious Girdle On the Shoulders two fair Beryll Stones with the Names of the 12 Tribes engraven thereon 6. A Linnen Breast-plate wrought with Gold Purple and Scarlet fastned to the Ephod with Gold Chains On this were 12 Stones with the Names of the 12 Tribes Here also was the Vrim and Thummim 7. A Linnen Miter 16 Cubits wrapt about his Head 8. A Gold Plate tied with a blue Lace to the Front of the Miter whereon was writ Holiness to the Lord. 2. In his Extraordinrry viz. when he entred into the Holy of Holies And then 1. The Linnen Breeches 2. Linnen Girdle 3. Linnen Coat 4. Linnen Miter were all white 2. Inferiour Priests had Breeches Coat Girdle Bonnet all Linnen 3. Singers who were Levites used Linnen Garments Christian Concerning the Garments of the Christian Clergy Authors differ 1. That they wore a white Garment seems plain from 1. S. Hierom. Episcopus Presbyter Diaconus reliquus Ordo Ecclesiasticus in administratione sacrificiorum candidâ Veste procedit B. Jewel 2. S. Chrysost who speaking to the Clergy saith This is your dignity your Garland not that you walk through the Church in white Apparel c. Idem 2. S. Hierom saith They of the Church at Bethlehem used no difference in Apparel S. August to his Clerks Let not your Apparel be notable Pope Câ—lestia I. saith Discernendi sumus à plebe Doctrinâ non veste 3. It was decreed by Pope Eusebius Sacrificium Altaris non in Serico panno aut tincto quisquam celebrare praesumat sed in puro lineo ab Episcopo consecrato Karrauz 4. Diaconi Dalmaticis utantur pallis linostimis Can. 6. Concil Rom. Idem Dalmatica signifies a Coat with Sleeves also a Priest's or Bishop's outward Vest Cope Surplice Dr. Littleton Palla a Pall a short Garment like a Cloak with Sleeves called a Pall-Coat not reaching very low The Papaes or Greek-Priests are always clad in black and wear a black Cap with a List of white Cloth about it and a piece of black Cloth fastned to it within which hangs down
the Pastor laid upon the Altar the Bread and Wine for the Sacrament were taken viz. common Bread no dispute then about leaven'd or unleaven'd Bread 3. Hence also probably they had Provisions for the Agapae where Rich and Poor feasted together At â—â—â—st probably before the Sacrament 1 Cor. 11. Every one took his own Supper Afterwards in Chrysostom's time it was after the Sacrament for they fasted till the Sacrament 4. The Elements being prepared 1. The Deacon brought Water to wash the Bishop's and Priest's hands I will wash my hands in Innocency v. Constit. Ap. l. 8. 2. They Deacon cryed aloud Mutually embrace and kiss each other this is the holy kiss when thou bringest thy Gift to the Altar c. 3. They prayed for universal Peace wholesom Weather Kings c. See the Form Consist Apost 4. The Minister and People mutually saluted saying Priest The Lord be with you People And with thy Spirit Pr. Let us give Thanks unto the Lord. Peop. It is meet and just so to do 5. The Minister rehearsed the Prayer of Consecration giving Thanks for the Death Resurrection c. of the Son c. for admitting them to those Benefits praying for a closer Union Ending with the Lord's Prayer 6. The Minister cried 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ans There is one Holy one Lord. J. Ch. 7. They exhorted to participation by a Hymn Come Taste and see that the Lord is good Cyril 8. The Bishop or Priest Sanctified the Elements See the Form in S. Ambros de Sacram. l. 4. c. 5. 9. They brake the Bread delivering it to the Deacon and he to the Communicants then the Cup the Wine mixt with Water For Infants and wealt the Bread dipt in Wine was given 10. The posture was various in Dionys Alezander's time standing Euseb Hist Eccl. l. 7. c. 9. 11. The People stretch'd out the right hand the left hand being under it Cyril 12. During the Administration they sung Psalms Ps 33. Constit Apost and Hymns 13. Concluded with Prayer and Thank sgiving 14. Saluted each other with a Kiss of Peace signaculo Orationis Tertul. Enlogiae pieces of Bread sent to Catechumens c. Mahometan The Mahometans used Circumcision after the 8th Year when the Child is able to make confession of his Faith where lifting up his Finger he speaks these words There is but one God and Mahomet his Prophet one God and equal Prophets After Circumcision ended they Feast three days together and then they carry the Circumcised to a Bath with great Pomp and then home again presenting him with gifts Circumcision not commanded in the Alcoran The Women are not circumcised but only use the words When any Christian abjures his Faith and is circumcised they are led through the Town with great honour and rejoycing and exempted from Taxes and Tributes Yet the Moors of Egypt circumcise their Daughters cutting off some of their Nymphae M. de Thev The Old Arabians circumcised at thirteen years of age Rosse In Mexico the Priests washed the Newborn Children and let them blood in the Ears Rosse Ancient Heathen In answer to Circumcision and Baptism The Heathen Romans every Citizen gave notice of the birth of their Children to the Prefects of the Treasury in the Temple of Saturn upon the Ninth day for the Male the Eighth for a Female but the Tenth amongst the Greeks upon which day called therefore Dies Lustricus Nominalia the Child was Purified Named They accounted the Child in danger till the seventh day past The supposed Goddess of the day was called Nundina The Grecians on the fifth day had their Midwives to carry the Child and run about a fire made for the purpose for the purification of the Infant and consecrating of it to the Houshold Gods This day was called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dr. Holyday on Juvenal Modern Heathen The Inhabitants of Ceilon dedicate a Cock to the Devil by way of Vow in case of sickness Capt. Knox. The most Ancient Historians tell us that the Egyptians were the first that instituted Circumcision or else learn'd it from the Ethiopians thence it came to be used among the Cholchi Phenicians and Syrians Ludolph They of Alnajah circumcise with sharp Stones and Epiphanius quotes the Homerites for the same custom from whence came the Abyssinians Idem The Troglodytes Nigrites and other innumerable Nations use it for cleanliness or for generation as conducive to it or because they have a longer Praeputium idem Among the Abyssins Egyptians and Arabians even the Women are circumcised and the most impudent about the Cape of Good-hope who yet prostitute themselves for a small matter to the Seamen My Author wonders that only in Africa and Asia the Women should have such extuberances as have need to be cut off idem O Bandaron O Uncircumcised is as great a Reproach among these Women as O Arel i. e. O Incircumcised amongst the Jewish Men idem Among the Bannyans the Priests Children and Merchants i. e. Bramins and Bannyans in Baptism anoint with Oyl and cleanse with Water the prophaner sort Men of War and Manufactures have only Water with the point of a Pen opposed to their Foreheads Sir Th. Herb. Diabolical The Witches renounce their Christian Baptism and suffer the Devil to pour Water upon them and take another Feigned Name in their Fictitious Baptism Mart. Delrio Disq Mag. l. 5. Sec. 16. Also for a Pledge they give a Fragment of their Garments and write their Names or make their Marks with their own Hands in the Book of Damned Reprobates ibid. Some offer the Sacramental Bread to the Devil Also the Wizard or Witch in some secret part of the Body hath a kind of a Dug which the Familiar Spirit at certain seasons sucks thereby receiving some service and peradventure infusing some malignant virtue and power into the Witch which serves as a kind of Sacrament to them for the conveyance of continual nourishment Glanv Consid on Witches Dr. d ee when his Son Rowland was sick ready to die made a Vow if God should restore his Son to eat but one meal on Saturdays c. Act. with Spir. p. 10. vid. post cap. de Jejun Mr Mather tells of a Diabolical Sacrament in Bread and Wine Wonders of the Invisible World 7. Fasting Mortification Penances Jewish THE Fasts of the Jews are 1. Publick which are many concerning which we have given account already in the Monthly Festivals save only that we omitted one which is kept in the Month of Tizri or September for the death of Gedaliah Jer. 41.2 2. Private as 1. On Mondays The reasons of which see before in the Chapter of weekly times of Publick Worship 2. Thursdays Which are kept only by the Devouter Sort. The general rule in all their Fastings is to forbear Meat and Drink till the Stars appear but in this they are palpably carnal relying upon the very doing of the Work Dr. Addison Some fast on the 10th of March because Miriam died that day and
by that Court c. See more in Dr. Burnet 's Letters and the Supplement to them Ambrosian and Roman Office As for the Devotions of this place Milan I saw here the Ambrosian Office which is distinguished from the Roman both in the Musick which is much simpler and in some other Rites The Gospel is read in a high Pulpit at the lower end of the Quire that so it may be heard by all the People though this is needless since it is read in a Language that they do not understand When they go to say High Mass the Priest comes from the high Altar to the lower end of the Quire where the Offertory of Bread and Wine is made by some of the Laity Dr. Burnet 's Letters Hither may be referred the difference of their Divine Service in England formerly Secundum usum Sarum Bangor c. Protestants 1. Lutherans 1. Their Doctrines IN most Points they agree with the Calvinists as may be seen in their Confessions except that they hold that Christ is consubstantially in the Sacrament and some of them agree not with the Calvinists in the Point of Absolute Predestination nor in the Abolition of Saints days c. 2. Discipline and Worship 1. They retain Bishops but shorten their Revenues in Germany Denmark Swedeland but not in England 2. They use Forms of Prayer Kneeling at the Sacrament generally keep some Holy-days of Saints in many places use Instrumental Musick particularly 1. In Swedeland 1. Their number of Parish-Churches are 42000 all covered with Copper 2. In all of them there are Organs in some two or three pair and Bells in all their Churches 3. There are in that Kingdom 64 Provinces 12 or 14 Bishops one Arch-bishop residing at Vpsal 4. The Bishop with all the Priests of his Provinces hears Causes and Excommunicates 5. Their Elders are for Life and their Office to take care of the Church-repairs and the Poor 6. Two or three Chaplains belong to every Church at least 7. Three times a day they go to Church except on Fasting-days for then four Ministers preach successively and the People go not out from Morning till Night their Order of Service thus 1. The Morning for Servants when there is 1. A Psalm sung 2. A Prayer in Form and a Psalm again 3. The Chapter wherein the Text lies read 4. A Psalm sung again viz. some Epistle of Luther's translated into Hymn 5. The Sermon of an hour long 6. A Psalm again 2. The middle Service for Masters of Families c. in which there is the same order as before except that the Text is taken out of the Gospel and the Gospel read before the Altar For they have an Offering every Lord's day and a Sacrament after the second Sermon the People coming to Church on Saturday to be prepared for the Sacrament and receiving a Ticket for which they pay a Fee 3. Their last Service is from one till five a clock All their Weddlings are in Church Mr. Derick Reynes a Native 2. In Livonia an Inland adjoyning to the Baltick Sea now under the King of Swedeland 1. It s Government is by an Arch-bishop residing at Riga and Bishops or Superintendants at Reuel c. 2. Their Doctrine is according to the Auspurg Confession 3. Their Knowledge and Devotion very little and mixt with much Superstition and Sorcery for there is hardly a Village but hath a Church and Minister and yet the People so poorly instructed that it may be said Baptism excepted they have not any Character of Christianity they very seldom go to Sermons and never almost communicate unless forced and driven to it by other occasions D. of Holstein 's Ambass Travels into Muscovy c. 3. In Germany 1. Their Government is by Bishops and Superintendants c. 2. Their Doctrine differs a litlte but not in the substantial part of it as may be seen in the Harmony of Confessions 3. They have a Sermon every day saith Dr. Brown at Hamburgh as in other Lutheran Cities In his Travels p. 176. 4. They retain Pictures in their Churches The Lutherans at Frank ford have built a new Church called S. Catherines in which there is as much Painting as ever I saw in any Popish Church and over the High Altar is a huge carved Crucifix as there are Painted ones in other places of their Church Dr. Burnet's Letters 5. At Strasburg they bow when they name the Holy Ghost as well as the Name of Jesus Idem 6. I was in their Church saith the Reverend Author where if the Musick of their Psalms pleased me much the Irreverence in singing it being free to keep on or put off the hat did appear very strange to me Idem ibid. 7. They have not as Strasburg the same Ceremonies that the Lutherans of Saxony have which Mr. Bebel their Professor of Divinity said was a great Happiness for a similitude in outward rites might dispose the ignorant People to change too easily ibid. 8. The Lutherans for the greatest part retain their Animosities almost to an equal degree both against Papists and Calvinists ibid. 9. The Lutheran Churches are handsome and their Pulpits exeraordinary Noble and richly set off as I observed through all Saxony Noremberg and where they are Masters of the places c. Dr. Brown's Travels In the Palatinate the Order of their Service is thus as I received it from the hand of one Herman Graffâ—ing of Keysart Lautern a Native of the Palatinate On Sundays Morning-Service 1. On a Sledge in the Porch is notified what Psalms are to be sung 2. When they are come into Church the Clerk begins to sing the people all joyning with him presently every one having his book and the Scholars generally being taught at School to sing by Notes the melody is pleasant 3. The Minister prays in the book one prayer concluding always with the Lord's Prayer 4. Then follows a short Hymn to this sense O God that art our Father through Jesus Christ give us thy Spirit in general that may lead us into the Truth hear us in this hour Open the mouth of thy Servant that the word may be pure and freely explained O Lord graciously open our hearts and ears that we may hear it with all diligence and keep it truly so that we may plentifully declare thy praise 5. After this Hymn is sung the Minister prays in short Extempore with respect to his Sermon 6. Next he preacheth and after he hath divided his Text and disposed his Sermon into parts which he doth without book the Minister being bare or using only a Cap upon his head but the people covered He makes a short Prayer and exhorts them to attention and charitableness to the poor c. the people all standing up and putting off their Hats Whereupon the people sit down again and he proceeds on with his Sermon and the Church-warden goes about from Pew to Pew with a long Staff and a Purse and Bell at the end of it to gather
Persees have 1. A Dostoor or High-Priest who seldom appears openly but when he doth is much Reverenc'd 2. Daroes or Harboods inferiour Priests who are by their Law to dwell near and abide much in their Eggarees Temples to give Advice unto any that shall repair unto them 2. In Guinea the Priest is called Fetissero 3. In Ceilon the Priests are of three Orders 1. Priests of the Buddon-God which live in the Vehars Temples proper to that God These are 1. Tirinaxes Superiours 2. Gonni 2. Koppuhs Priests to the other Gods who are to offer in the Temple Dewal boyl'd Rice and other Victuals to the Idol 3. Jaddeses Priests of the Spirits Diautduâ— who serve in the Covelt Temples built at their own charge They visit the Sick when sent for and offer a red Cock to the Devil 4. In Japan Bonzaes fifteen or twenty to a Pagod 5. In Fermosa Inibs Priestesses only Women who offer Prayers and Sacrifices in a most extravagant and obscene manner Mandilslo 6. In the Philippine-Islands their Priests are mostly Women Sorcerers Rosse 7. In Pegu Talapoi Diabolical Dr. d ee in his Magical Transactions made use of one Edward Kelle whom he calls his Seer or Skryer afterwards his Son Arthur Dee who in a round Stone or consecrated Crystal saw and heard all the Shapes and Figures and Voices of the Magical Apparitions 'T is hard to give a distinct Account of all those Persons which the Devil makes use of in a more than ordinary manner for the promoting of his Interest and doing Service to him We shall mention some of the chief 1. Magicians by 1. Stones as Dr. Dee 2. Rings as Excestus 3. Optic-Glasses 4. Riddles or Sieves 5. Figures 6. Dreams c. 7. Charms Spells c. 2. Common Witches and Wizards who have Communication with their Familiar Spirits 3. Fortune-Tellers Prognosticators Astrologers Jewish 1. Nethinims from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to give because given to the Service of the Temple Their Office was 1. to hew Wood. 2. Draw Water These were Gibeonites 2. Viri Stationarii 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 who were to stand by during the Oblation and to carry the Gift for the rest of the People They serve in their courses of which there were twenty four Some mention Archi-synagogus the chief Ruler of the Synagogue N. B. Dr. Lightfoot saith There were Seven Readers appointed in their Synagogues who when the Angel of the Church or Minister of the Congregation called them out did read Now to every Synagogue belong six Officers 1. The Summas or Sacristan who keeps clean the Synagogue and trims the Lamps 2. The Pernas who provides the Wine given to the Youth at the entrance and end of their Sabbaths and Festivals 3. Mari-catab who folds and unfolds the Law c. 4. He who bears the Law in Procession through the Synagogue 5. The Elhaim who touch the two Staves of the Law called the Trees of Life on which the Law is rolled when carried 6. The Chesau or Precator Dr. Addison Christian 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Inferiour Ministers or Subordinate Officers 1. Acoluthus who was to attend the Bishop as a Witness of his Life or as some say to set up Lights at the reading of the Gospel 2. Exorcist who was to attend the Catechumens and Euergumeni and rehearse a Form of Prayer over them in the out-parts of the Church the People in the mean while praying within also to Catechise 3. The Reader whose Office was to stand near the Ambo and read the Portions of Scripture Julian the Apostate was one 4. Ostiarii to keep the doors of the Temple and shut out Hereticks Jews Gentiles Some add Fossarli Overseers of the Grave Cantores Laboratores c. 5. Deaconesses who were to help Women at Baptism to visit and instruct Women c. Such were Phoebe and Olympias in C. P. c. This is all out of Dr. Cave's Primitive Christianity A Parallel between the Civil and Ecclesiastical Government of the Romans A Justice of Peace a City a Bishop A Proconsul a Province Arch-bishop A Lieutenant a Diocess a Primate The Emperor the Empire Christ Jesus N. B. St. Hierom accounts a Bishop and Priest all one ad Tit. c. 1. And Clem. reckons but three degrees of the Clergy viz. Priest Deacon and Minister Clem. Ep. 2. de Conc. Di. 3. Mahometan The Director of their Prayers who among the Turks is called Imam but among the Persians Pichnamaz he says the Prayers and makes the rest say them and therefore he always stands foremost that the rest behind may see what he doth Seâ—thi as the Turks call them or Seriffi as the Moors are such as descend from Mahomet Amongst the Persians their Spiritual Officers are 1. The Sedre who is chief in Spirituals and sometimes promoted to be Eatmad Doulet i. e. Chief in Temporals 2. Scheik el Seiloâ— i. e. Sheik of the Law 3. Cadi Both these are named by the King and Judge of Controversies These two last decide all Points of Religion and make all Contracts Testaments and other publick Deeds Judges of Divorces and all civil Processes M. de Thev Among the Turks and Persians are Muezim qu. Sextons that call to Prayers from the tops of the Minarets some call them Talismans Choza Elders which execute the Service and Preach Modecis the Governor of an Hospital Antippi On Friday in the midst of the Temple in a place thirty steps high read something of the Life of Mahomet after which Two little Boys sing certain Prayes After which one of the Antippi with a Lance and Scimiter exhorts to defence of Religion Ancient Heathen 1. Duumviri afterwards 10 then 15. appointed by Tarquin Superbus to keep and interpret the Books of the Sibylls and especially of Cumana which were preserved in a stone Chest in the Capitol and to oversee the secular Solemnities 2. Soothsayers 1. Augurs who did in a high Place with a crooked Staff lituus limit a space in the Air to observe the flying of Birds or chirping tripudium and thence to foretel things to come 2. Aruspices who did inspect the Entrails of Beasts sacrificed for the same intent 3. Auspices qu. Avispices The College of them was at first 3 afterwards 4 then 9 and at last 15. Their Office was to consult the Gods in doubtful cases offer Sacrifices make Prayers Effata c. never concluding upon less than Two Signs 3. Fâ—ciales whose Office was to offer Peace or proclaim War by casting upon the Enemies land a bloody Lance or turning a Ram loose into their borders Upon the Conclusion of a Peace to offer a Hog for Sacrifice praying that whoso broke the Articles might perish as that Hog upon breach of Oath to offer a Hog for Sacrifice The High Priest among them was called Pater patratus 4. Aeditui kept the Temples and Keys 5. Pope Victimarii assisted in the Sacrifices 6. Epulones were Overseers of the Feasts 7. Preficae Women that wept for the Dead 8.
cover'd with Silk-Tapistry four Arch-Bishops sitting with their backs to a Pillar at his right hand The Service was solemnly perform'd by an Arch-Bishop with two Bishops on each side 5. When the Arch-Bishop had made certain Prayers he gave the Book wherein he had read the Gospel to the Patriarch Bishop and People to kiss at last many kissed the Patriarch's hand c. In Muscovy all say their Prayers either standing or kneeling for they have neither Seats nor Benches in their Churches The late Great Duke who was much given to Devotion lay all along upon the ground when he said his Prayers D. of Holst Ambassad Trav. p. 102. Note I liked one thing that I saw both at Strasburgh and here viz. at Frankfort that at the end of Prayers a considerable interval of silence was left before the conclusion for all People's private Devotion Dr. Burnet's Letters Mahometan The Turks pray 5 times a day concerning which they have many Traditions some necessary some of counsel and decency e. g. 1. In noon and afternoon prayers to be read with a low voice in the morning and at night with a loud voice if an Imam be present else 't is indifferent 2. The men lift up their hands to the tip of their Ears the women to their Jaws 3. Accompanying the Imam which a low voice in all he doth imitating 4. Prostration touching the ground with forehead Nose c. These things make the Prayer Null 1. Talking laughing or weeping loud at Prayer unless at the mention of Paradise or Hell 2. Scratching 3 times in one place passing before the Imam without prostration turning their face from the Keble advancing the space of two Ranks beginning the Prayer when the Imam begins another a mistake in reading saluting any willingly 3. They may not pray in the habit they commonly work in 4. Nor before the fire yet they may by a Candle or Lamp The Expiation for a fault of Inadvertency is Prostration Ancient Heathen 1. The persons praying viz. Priests and others c. 2. Times and Seasons At Sacrifices publickly 3. The place At the Altar and in the Temples 4. The Form A verse out of a Book Theag. lib. de diis v. Nat. Com. The Gentiles read their Prayers out of a Book before their Sacrifices Ne quid praepostere dicatur Alex. ab Al. l. 4. c. 17. They often began thus Dii Deaeque omnes c. i.e. O all ye Gods and Goddesses c. 5. Gesture They Prayed standing to the Superior Gods sitting to the Inferior 6. The Matter At public Sacrifices they Prayed that the God would accept their Offering and be bountiful and pleasant c. At other times they put up odd Petitions as Juno Verenda concede Fratrem occidere c. Eurip in Phaen. Da mihi fallere da justum sanctumque videri Horat. Plato Advised That whatsoever Hymns or Prayers the Poets composed should be first shewed to the Priests lest they should err Modern Heathen In Slam the Religious Orders are tied to rise at Midnight to pray to their Idols Rosse In Goa they pray to the Sun and Moon c. and to the first thing they meet with in the morning tho a Goose or an Ass and all the day after they Pray to it But a Crow they cannot abide Idem About Jemena in Bengala they use to Pray naked in the Water and to do Pennance by lying flat on the ground kissing the Earth holding up their hands to the Sun and turning themselves about 40 times Idem See more of this in the Second Part of this book under the Title of Prayer Magical Ad illum viz. Cacodaemonem complicatis genibus supplices accessistis Mart. Delrio Sebast Michael in Pneumalog refer exemplar sententiae latae Avinioni Anno. 1582. Glanvil saith they call the Devil sometimes Robin and pray to him O Satan give me my purpose Dr. d ee in all his Actions with Spirits tells us that he always went to prayer not to the Devil professedly but to God Oravimus ad Deum ejus implorabamus auxilium And in the end of his Action he concludes with a short Thanksgiving to God Omnis Spiritus laudet Deum nostrum unum trinum Amen Nay the very occasion of his falling into this Magical Delusion next to his Mathematical Studies is supposed to be his earnest Prayer to God for Wisdom such Wisdom as he was ambitious of Dr. Casaubon 2. Praises Psalms Hymns Jewish THere were 3 kinds of Musical Persons among the Jews 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that plaid upon Musical Instruments 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that sung with the Voice 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that joyned Vocal and Instrumental Musick together Alsted Encycl N. 2630. The Song of Miriam was uttered 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with alternate Melodies saith Philo Jud. de vit Mosi l. 3. The President of the Essenes standing up sung an Hymn composed in praise of God and after him did others 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in their Orders in convenient manner and when they came unto the Close of the Hymns 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Id. de vit contempl The Hallel was sung over at the Passover from Ps 113 to Ps 118. The 92d Psalm on the Sabbath-day Psalm 9.4 every Wednesday Dr. Light Templ Serv. p. 59 139. Ancient Christian Hymns and Psalms were accounted a considerable part of Divine Worship Dr. Cave vid. Plin. l. 10. Ep. 97. They were either Extempore or set The Council of Laodicea ordered That no Psalms of private composition should be recited in the Church Can. 59. also that a Lesson should be interposed between every Psalm In this Duty all the Congregation bore a part joining together Afterward the custom was to sing Alternatim course by course answering one another Theod. Hist Eccl. l. 2. c. 24. who saith it was first brought in by Flavianus and Diodorus in the Ch. of Antioch in the Reign of Constantine but Socrates saith by Ignatius who in a vision had heard c. Socr. Eccl. H. l. 6. c. 8. Pliny saith the Christians did secum invicem canere Theodosius Junior rising early every morning with his Sisters did together interchangeably sing Psalms of Praise De Orig. They Sung Hymns and Psalms at Dinner a custom which Clem. Al. commends Paedag. l. 2. c. 4. Chrysostom greatly pleads for it to be used at ordinary works at meals after meals as an excellent Antidote against Temptations in Ps 41. Tom. 3. Cypr. Ep. 1. p. 7. S. Augustine saith we have the precept and example of our Saviour Christ and his Apostles for singing in our Assemblies Orig. Brit. Also he saith the Customs of Churches were very different about these matters In the Churches of Asric he saith they confin'd themselves to the Prophetical Hymns for which they were upbraided by the Donatists as too grave and formal but he allows singing for one of the solemn parts of Divine Service with which he joyns
seals the Child i. e. crosseth him on the Forehead Mouth Breast recites a Prayer and waves him in his Arms in form of a Cross elevates him and dismisseth him 3. He blows three times on the Child to dispossess the Devil 4. Pours Water in form of a Cross in token of peace with God 5. Takes the Child out of the Gossip's Arms of which they never have but one and makes the sign of the Cross with Oyl on the Fore-head Breast Reins saying 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 6. He next dips it 3 times in water and looking toward the East saith The servant of God is Baptized in the Name of the Father Amen Of the Son Amen c. N. Their Gossips or Compatri commence a great Friendship and fancy that they cannot mix consanguinity 2. Chrism Tho joyned with Baptism is different from it grounded on 2 Cor. 1.21 22. On Good Friay the Arch-bishop or Bishop consecrates the Oyl It is made of Xylobalsamum Echinanthes Myrrh Xylocatia Carpobalsamum Laudanum and other Gums and Spices F. Simon They defer Baptism till the 3d 4th 6th 10th 14th year 3. Eucharist 1. For preparation they distribute Panem Benedictum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the parts of Bread which remain of the Consecrated Loaf These they carry home to such as cannot come These they say have power to remit Venial Sins 2. In the Chancel on a Table is a Loaf set in this form 3. This the Priest Signs three times using these words In the remembrance of our Lord God and Saviour Jesus Christ 4. He strikes a small Lance several times into the Loaf saying by parcels As a Lamb before his Shearers c. 5. Cuts a piece for himself lays it by the Patina thrusts his Lance into the Bread again with other words cuts a second part forms it like ▵ saying In honour and memory of our blessed Lady Mother of God and perpetual Virgin Mary through whose Prayers O Lord accept this Sacrifice to thine Altar 6. Then cuts out more pieces in memory of John Baptist Moses Aaron Peter Paul Basil Gregory Cosma Damianus c. And Lastly a ninth in honor of S. Chrysostom whose Liturgy is read that day The 9 parcels in reference to the 9 Hierarchies of Angels 7. Then follows the Offertory for the Living every Christian Prelate and the particular Bishop that Ordained the Priest especially those who paid for that Mass the Founders of the Church the Parents and Friends of those which paid for the Mass 8. The Priest lifts up a Silver Star over the Bread saying some short Prayers goes from the place of the Offertory reads the Epistle and Gospel for the day returns covers the Bread and Wine sets it on his Head carries it in Procession through all the Church the People bowing making Crosses throwing infirm persons in the way 9. The Apostles Creed is recited the Veil taken off Air moved over the Bread with a Fan signifying the breath of the Spirit c. 10. The words of Consecration are used In the same night c. 11. Then this Prayer Lord who in the third hour didst send thy Holy Spirit graciously take it not away from us but grant it to us Lord make clean our Hearts within us with some short Soliloques which Prayer is repeated three times with the head bowed down 12. Then the Priest raising himself saith Lord hear my Prayer and lifting up his hand by way of Blessing adds Make this Bread the Holy Body of Christ Amen 13. Here the Consecration being finished he goes on Thou art my God thou art my King I adore thee piously and Faithfully 14. Then covering the Chalice he elevates it and the People worship it 15. The Priest sups three times 16. Those who intend to Communicate first go to the bottom of the Church there to ask forgiveness of the Congregation in these words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Answer is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 17. It is their custom to conserve the Sacrament for the use of the Sick Haec ex D. Addison They gave the Sacrament to the Children at Baptism Believers not to be forced to the Sacrament They carry the Sacrament to the Sick without Torches Keep it in a Box and hang it on a Wall They hold tha the Sacrament Consecrated on Holy Thursdays is most Efficacious F. Simon They use Unleavened Bread Administer in both kinds Christ à Jelinger Greeks out of Dr. Addison 4. Priesthood Is accounted a Mystery for its Power and Energy 1 Cor. 4.1 Of this there are these Orders 1. Anagnostes who reads the Hymns which are Sung and the Prophets of the Old Testament 2. The Psaltes who sings the Psalms of David 3. Lampadarios who trims the Lamps 4. Deacons and Subdeacons who read the Epistles and Gospels 5. Secular Priests who can all read and write yet few skill'd in the School-Greek or Latin or Hebrew or Philosophy all books being counted Unlawful but such as treat of Divinity and a Godly Life They are called Papa's They cannot Marry a second time who when Widowers wear Caps turn'd up with white with a fall hanging down on their backs but this is often forfeited and cut off by the Bishop for some sin 6. Religious Priests Kaloirs from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Monks Encloistered professing Chastity and obedience of the Orders of S. Basil besides which they have no other Their Habit A long Cassock of Course Cloth of Camels Colour with a Cap of Felt or Wool made to cover the Ears with a black Coul called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 They abstain from Flesh all their Life Some more strict called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 take nothing else but Bread and Water but these are commonly Anchorites several dwell on Mount Athos Their Hair long Their Services are very ridiculous and prolix Every day in Lent they read over the Psaltar once and at the end of every 4 Psalms say Gloria Patri c. with 3 Metagnai or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 bowing or kissing the ground 3 times At the end of every 10 Psalms 40 Metagnai which every Kaloir doth 300 times every 24 Hours unless sick and then his Priest must do it for him The one half of these are performed the two first hours of the Night the other half at midnight before they arise to Mattins which begin 4 hours before Day Out of some Monasteries they send 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Messengers to collect Contributions who stay out five years begging the Charity of good People some of which being Temperate live long I knew one 119 years old his Father liv'd but to 80 his Grandfather to 158. Several Monasteries on Mount Athos where the Kaloirs 6000 in number work in such Employments as they are best skill'd in Every Monastery hath its Library but disorderly ones few books but of Divinity few choice ones of them Nor one Book they say varying from the Doctrine of the 7th Council
Church-Yards weep and pray for the dead eat and drink Wine Baptism of the Cross is a Festival which the Armenians keep in commemoration of the Baptism of our Lord on the Day of Epiphany according to the old Calendar which they follow plunging after several Prayers a Cross into Water whereof all strive to take their shares in Pots M. de Thev They keep S. George's Day On Easter-Day by break of Day the Priests say Mass confess and administer after which it is lawful to eat flesh They have four other Feasts Christmass Ascension Annunciation and especially S. George's Tavernier Indians of St. Thomas Our three chief Festivals they celebrate The first of July also they commemorate the Martyrdom of S. Thomas Sir Tho. Herbert Muscovites The Muscovites observe 1. The Annunciation of our Lady March 25. 2. Easter-Day 3. Pentecost 4. New-years-day Sep. 1. 5. Nativity of the Mother of God Sep. 8. 6. The Manifestation of Christ on the Mount Sep. 6. 7. The Assumption of the Mother of God Sep. 15. 8. Exaltation of the Cross Sep. 14. 9. The Oblation of the Mother of God Nov. 21. 10. The Nativity of Christ Dec. 25. 11. Epiphany Jan. 6. 12. Candlemass-day Feb. 2. Of all which mention is made before Abyssines On their January 11th our 6th in the midst of their Summer and the Feast of Epiphany they commemorate our Saviour's Baptism the Clergy beginning the Solemnity before the dawn of the Morning with loud and chearful Hymns The King with all the Nobility the Metropolitan with his Clergy Noble with the Plebeian old and young thronging into the Rivers and Ponds before Sun-rise plunging and diving over head and ears craving of any of the Priests as they meet them a Blessing and being answer'd God bless thee or God the Father Son and Holy Ghost bless thee But this is turn'd into a kind of Sport rather than a pious Festival the young Men leaping and dancing and swimming and ducking one another and filling the neighbouring Fields with whoopings and hollowings Ludolph In their Thanksgiving-Solemnities they have their singing Priests Dabetra with very harsh Voices use Instruments of the Egyptian manner Cymbals Morrice-bells Kettle-Drums Skipping and Dancing as if they would make the Floor ring again which they call exulting and clapping hands to the God of Jacob and praising God upon the Harp and Organ and Cymbal Idem Nor is this so much to be admired if we know that in some places among the Latines the Feast of the Body of God was celebrated with a Harp and Dancing Idem They observe the Feasts of the Annunciation Nativity Circumcision Baptism Passion Resurrection Ascension Pentecost Sabeans or Christians of St. John I shall give an account of these by themselves as being part Christians part Turks part Jews and part Gentiles out of Monsieur de Thevenot Itin. Orient Ind. and Mons Tavernier in his Persian Travels 1. Most of the Sabeans are Gold-smiths very Poor and very Ignorant they live in Bassora Dgesire Harviza and Souster in Chusistan belonging to the King of Persia They have but two Books and them made lately though they say in the days of Adam their old ones burnt by Mahometans 2. They retain Baptism in remembrance of S. John's Baptism performed only on Sundays in running Water In the Name of the ancient Mighty Lord God who knows all that we do before the Light of the World Thrice besprinkling the Head of the Infant and thrice dipping it into the River and thrice rehearsing the same words And this is all their Ceremony and this reiterated every Year for the space of five days by Old and Young Male and Female and at Marriage the Bridegroom and Bride are baptized again Yet they say Christ is the Spirit and Word of the Eternal Father 3. As to Marriage The Minister takes an Oath from the Bride that she is a Virgin and afterwards the Minister's Wife searches her then they are both baptized and set Back to Back and the Minister saith some Prayers over them this is all the Ceremony Ministers and Laity may have two Wives but the Ministers ever a Maid at Marriage 4. As to the Eucharist They say only some Prayers over the Hoste which is made of Flour kneaded with Wine and Oyl their Wine drawn from Grapes steep'd in Water and press'd 5. As to Orders They have superior and inferior Ministers but use no great Ceremony in Consecration a Minister says some Prayers over him who is made Minister and that 's all Children succeed to their Fathers if sixteen or seventeen Years of Age or in defect of Sons the next of kin 6. Gospel they have none All their Service consists in some Prayers and in Communicating as before is said They say Christ left twelve Apostles to preach 7. On Sundays they work not They highly honour the Cross and sign themselves with it 8. Three Festivals they have yearly their Year consisting of 366 days i. e. twelve Months and six days 1. At New Year which lasts three days in memory of the Creation 2. At the beginning of the fourth month three days in memory of St. John 3. At the beginning of the seventh month five days in remembrance of our Saviour's being Baptized by St. John They are all baptized during these five days This Feast is called Pendgia 9. No other Saints they acknowledge but S. John S. Zacharias S. Elizabeth and S. M. Magd. They acknowledge Jesus Christ but S. John's Servant born of a Virgin Crucified c. 10. No Purgatory but a Heaven and Hell viz. A narrow Passage for the Wicked guarded with Lyons and Bears which will devour them c. The Good go the same way but over these Beasts straight to Paradise 11. No Meat they eat of but kill'd by a Sabean all other is unclean 12. Therefore their Ministers are always their Butchers who put on white Drawers a Rope for a Girdle a white Shirt girt with it a white Turban a white Napkin about their Neck like a Stole and another rag for a Fillet Then they wash e. g. the Feet and Beak of the Pullet they are to kill because it eats and often treads on unclean things then they kill it saying In the name of the Merciful God may this be Blessed to those that eat it Sheep and Fish they wash not accounting their Food Grass and Water not unclean things 13. They will not Drink in a Vessel wherein one not a Sabean hath drank 14. They abhor the Blew Colour because the Jews in Malice knowing that Baptism was to destroy their Law when St. John was baptizing Jesus threw Indico into Jordan to spoil the Water c. from thence God cursed this blew colour Others say Dogs Ordure is used in dying of this colour N. B. M. Tavernier saith the words at Baptism are Beesmebrad er Rabi Kaddamin Akzeri Menhal el genuat Alli Kouli Kralek i. e. In the Name of the Lord first and last of the World and of Paradise the
and dismiss the People with the Blessing Numb 6.24 The Afternoon Service is the same except that instead of Reading the Commandments they Sing them 6. They receive the Lord's Supper standing during the Administration Chapters are Read and Psalms Sung till the Holy Ceremony is over and then instead of the 117th Psalm they sing the Song of Simeon kneeling 7. Baptism is administred in the Church and the People strictly forbid to depart till the Solemnity is over The Father promises to take care of his Child but the same is required of a Godfather and Godmother 8. No Marriage is solemnized without an antecedent Publication of the Banns 9. They say Prayers in their Families which they conclude with the Lord's Prayer Creed and Blessing morning and Evening 10. They bless their Meat in the Name of the Father Son and Holy Ghost 11. They Excommunicate all scandalous and notorious Offenders and admit them not to the Sacrament till after a publick Confession Mr. Janmard Vic. of Arundel in Sussex 3. In England I need not to say what their Doctrine Discipline or way of Divine Worship is the Assemblies Catechism giving a sufficient Account of their Doctrine and the Directory of their Discipline and Worship And besides this Book being in the English Tongue primarily and chiefly for the use of English-men it will not be hard for any English-man to inform himself by a personal acquaintance and conversation with them 4. In Scotland 1. Their Doctrine is mostly agreeable to that of the English except that they hold the King inferiour to the Church and consequently may be Excommunicated which I think for I would slander no party is peculiar to them and Fathered upon their Politicks 2. Their Worship thus 1. A Psalm two or three Verses 2. A Prayer 3. A Text and Sermon 4. A short Prayer 5. A Psalm with Glory to the Father Son c. 5. In New-England 1. For morning 1. A Prayer 2. The Sermon 3. A Psalm 4. A conclusion with Prayers for the sick c. 2. Evening 1. A Psalm 2. A short Prayer 3. The Sermon 4. A Prayer pretty long 5. A Psalm again 6. A conclusion by way of Prayer and Benediction c. They have Sacraments every Month once APPENDIX COncerning Differences in the Church of Geneva Dr. Burnet tells us The middle way that Amirald Daille and some others in France took in the matters that were disputed in Holland concerning the Divine Decrees and the extent of the Death of Christ as it came to be generally followed in France so it had some Asserters both in Geneva and Switzerland who denied the imputation of Adam's sin and asserted the Universality of Christ's Death together with a sufficient Grace given to all Men asserting with this a particular and free Decree of Election with an Efficacious Grace for those included in it These came to be called Vniversalists and began to grow very considerable in Geneva Two of the Professors of Divinity there being known to favour those Opinions whereupon those who adhered strictly to the opposite Doctrine were inflamed and the Contention grew to that height that almost the whole Town came to be concerned and all were divided into Parties But tho the Party of Universalists was considerable in Geneva it was very small in Switzerland therefore some Divines there that adhered to the old received Doctrine drew up some Articles in which all these Doctrines were not only condemned together with some speculations that were asserted concerning Adam's immortality and other qualities belonging to the state of innocency But because Capel and some other Criticks had not only asserted the Novelty of the Points but had taken the liberty to correct the reading of the Hebrew c. They condemned all Corrections of the Hebrew Bible and asserted the Antiquity of the Points or at least of the Power and reading according to them obliging all such as should be admitted tot he Ministery to sign sic sentio so I think Thus at Bern Zurich and Geneva Dr. Burnet's Letters Independents The Tenets of the Independents are as follow 1. They hold That particular Churches associated for personal Communion are of Divine Institution 2. That particular Churches ought to have a proper Exercise of Discipline amongst themselves 3. That none but free Consenters should receive the Sacrament nor be related to the Pastor as his Flock 4. That the rest should live as Catechumens in peace 5. That the Church of England is no True Church 6. That Parish-Churches are no True Churches 7. That Parish-Ministers are no True Ministers if Ordained by Diocesans and not chosen by the People 8. That Ministers and People must gather Churches that are purer and set up purer Discipline whatever Rulers say or do or themselves suffer by it 9. That no prohibition of the Magistrate will warrant a Minister to forbear his Office Mr. Rich. Baxter Mr. Rosse and others give a larger account of their Opinions but these being all that they have of late Years contended for and being of late at least in part reconciled to the Presbyterians I forbear to ascribe any more to them Anabaptists Their Doctrines are as follows 1. They condemn Infant-Baptism 2. They condemn Tithes and forced Maintenance of Ministers 3. They allow not as lawful Swearing before a Magistrate 4. They condemn Magistracy it self as unlawful among Christians 5. They say That humane Learning is unnecessary in a Minister These are commonly professed by them to this that They who would know more may read Mr. Rosse Paget c. I forbear at present to tax them with the Doctrine of Community of Goods and some other Doctrines which as the case now stands with them are laid asleep and not asserted or owned by them Quakers 1. Their Tenets 1. They deny the Scriptures to be the Word of God but yet grant them to be an holy Declaration of the Word of God and of the Rule and Guide in Matters of Salvation 2. They hold That the Spirit which leads into all Truth is the great Evangelical Rule of Holy Living 3. That Christians ought now to expect inward Revelation from the Spirit of God 4. That Forms of Prayer are not to be perpetuated in the Church 5. That Baptism by Water is not Christ's Ordinance 6. That the Lord's Supper is unnecessary to the Regenerate because Christ is come to them viz. by his Spirit 7. That Swearing before Magistrates is unlawful 8. That all persons inspired may preach tho' Mechanicks 9. That Errors and Vices do un-minister Men. 10. That the Jewish-Sabbath being a Type of Spiritual Rest under the Gospel we are not now bound to any set Day yet to some time of Divine Worship W. Penn Esq See more in Mr. Rosse's View of all Religions c. 2. Their Divisions In England they are divided especially in two Parties such as follow Mr. Mead who is accounted the most rational and moderate and such as adhere to Mr. Penn. In Pennsilvania we have had
and was helpful to others in repeating them c. Though his Father often and earnestly endeavoured to divert him yet when a Boy he was unmoveable in his desires to be a Minister Clark's Lives Arch-Bishop Vsher at ten Years old found himself wrought upon by a Sermon on Rom. 12.1 I beseech you Brethren by the Mercies of God c. About the same time he was moved to a more conscientious observation of the Lord's Day by reading some Notes taken from Mr. Perkins's Works then also he read Augustine's Meditations with frequent weeping Idem D. Bern. King Edw. VI took Notes of such things he heard in Sermons which more nearly related to himself Hist of Reform Queen Elizabeth wrote a good hand before she was four Years old and understood Italian Dr. Burnet Ibid. Mrs. Marg. Corbet Daughter of Sir Nathanael Brent Warden of Merton College when about 14 Years of Age wrote Sermons with dexterity and left many Volumes of such Notes writ with her own hand Clark Mrs. Elizabeth Wilkinson was from her Childhood very docile took much pains in writing Sermons and collecting special Notes out of Practical Divines When I was about 12 Years old saith she in a Narrative written with her own hand upon reading in the Practice of Piety concerning the happy Estate of the Godly and the miserable condition of the wicked in their Death and so for ever unto all Eternity it pleased the Lord so to affect my heart as from that time I was wrought over to a desire to walk in the ways of God Sir Tho. More never offended his Father nor was ever offended by him Olympia Fulvia Morata an Italian born at Ferrara bred at Court there with the Young Princess the Duke's Daughter of a singular Spirit for Learning could both Write and speak Elegant Latine and Greek in her very young years c. Anon. Mahometans The poor Hindoes though they have not above five Shillings a Moon for their Labour yet will impart at least half that little to their Parents when in want Anon. The Great Mogul though he esteemed the whole World as his Vassals would sometimes be one to help to carry his Mother in a Palankee upon his Shoulders Idem Persians Parentes non honorantes brevis aevi sunt Sir Tho. Herb. out of Homer Amongst the Ancient Persians Children from the fifth Year of their Age to the twentieth used little other exercise saith Herodotus than to ride the Horse Shoot and speak Truth Sir Thomas Herbert Chinese The Chinese marry not without their Parents consent leave their Childrens Names to them honour them be they never so mean relieve them be they never so poor at their death express all symptoms possible of Duty in white Linnen mourn seldom less than two or three Years Mahometans It is observed That the Children of Mahometans have a particular Tenderness to them that brought them into the World nay it is sometimes so great that they will rather starve themselves than suffer their Parents to want Mandel Trav. p. 61. Persia In Persia the Children go to School betimes Persons of Quality have Tutors at home so that they stir not abroad till 18 unless a Hunting c. And therefore are very modest Tavern Good Husbands Jews AMongst the Ancient Hebrews we find Abraham to Sarah Isaac to Rebecca Jacob to Rachel discharging well the Duties of Husbands to their respective Wives that which looks most like a blemish in these Examples and of others that lived after them in the Jewish Oeconomy is their marrying of many Wives a Point very obscure yet connived at and seemingly permitted for the time and continued still in use among the Jews and accounted as one of their chief Privileges For they believe That a Man may take as many Wives as he can find with Meat Drink Cloaths and the right of the Bed But because Polygamy is clog'd with inconveniencies which an ordinary Eye may fore-see consequent upon it they are not now a-days very fond of the Practice Christians In Venice the Wives are bred to so much Ignorance and they converse so little that they know nothing but the dull Superstition on Holy-days in which they stay in the Churches as long as they can and so prolong the little liberty they have of going abroad on those days as Children do their Hours of Play They are not employed in their Domestick Affairs and generally they understand no sort of Work so that I was told that they were they insipidest Creatures imaginable they are perhaps as vicious as in other places but it is in them down-right lewdness without any preamble or preparative down-right heastliness The Italians by their excessive caution want the true delights of a Married State Dr. Burnet's Letters Ancient Heathens Socrates is recorded to hear with much Patience not only other cross accidents in his Life Affronts Reproaches Injuries but also the perverseness of his Wife Xantippe her railing Words abusive Behaviour throwing the Chamber-pot upon his Head over-throwing the Table when he had invited his Philosophical Guests to Feast with him insomuch that she herself gave this Testimony of him That she never saw him change Countenance for any thing that befel him but used still codem incedere vultu to go out and return home with the same evenness of Spirit and pleasantness of Face Heathens In the Moluccaes they have Officers who at break of Day go about the Town and with the beat of a Drum awake the People and exhort the Masters of Families to remember their Matrimonial Duties Mandel Trav. p. 130. Moluques What is mention'd before about the Office of beating a Drum every Morning at break of Day I find observed by another Traveller with only this addition That they account it their publick Interest that the Inhabitants should multiply Pac. broke open Vol. 2. Good Wives Jews THE Rabbins have taught the Jews in Barbary against the time of Child-birth to draw Circles in the Chamber of the Woman with Child and on the Doors within and without and Walls and about the Bed inscribing every Circle with Adam Chava Chutz Lilis i. e. Adam Eve Begone Lilis Lilis was as they say Adam's first Wife but disobedient and undutiful and therefore was upon her speaking the Most Holy Name rapt up out of his sight into the Air and tho afterwards pursued by three Angels who overtook her at the Red Sea she refused to return pleading That she was created in the same manner as Adam was and therefore she would not be Subject but that she was to destroy the Male-Children for eight Days after the Birth and Females for Twenty The Angels finding in her a shrewd resistance dismiss'd her on this condition That she should spare those Infants where she saw their Names written And to this Time the Jews use to write the three Angels Names in a Table or Parchment Senei Sanfenoi Saumangeloph and to hang them for Amulets about the Children's Necks The meaning of Adam Eve
quench'd with Wine the Bones being gather'd together were sprinkled with Wine and washed with Milk till separated from the Ashes and then perfumed and put into the Urn and buried 12. At the Funerals of great Persons there were Ludi called Novendiales 13. There were Suppers 1. Coena feralis a sorry one usually sent in by the Friends of the Dead and dress'd by Coquus Nundinalis as Plautus calls him and cast into the Funeral Fire to the Dii manes and burnt with the Body 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Drinking prepared for those that come from the Funeral back to the House of Mourning 3. Silicernium 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 this was set down at the Grave 4. Epulum Novendiale the more solemn Entertainment Dr. Holyday Illustr on Jav and Persius 14. They strewed Flowers on the Sepulchre and planted them on the Graves and this sometimes yearly Modern Heathens The Funerals of the Bannyans in East-India are of the old stamp burning the Corps to Ashes in a holy fire compounded of all sorts of costly Woods and Aromatick Spices the Wife also in expectation to enjoy her Husband amongst incomparable pleasures invelops her dainty Body with the merciless Flames for which affection she obtains a living Memory The reason of which custom was the spite of former Wives in poysoning their Husbands which gave occasion to their Prince to make such a Law That the Wife should be burn'd with the Husband as Sir Tho. Herbert in his Travels tells us out of Aelia and St. Hierome In Angola they bury thus the Dead is wash'd painted apparrell'd and laid to sleep in a spacious Dormitory his Armolets Bracelets and voluntary Shackles accompany him they circle the Grave with Mimic Gestures and Ejaculations concluding with the Sacrifice of a Goat Sir Th. Herbert and Rosse The Persees put the Body into a Winding-sheet as they go to the Grave the Kindred beat their Breasts all the way but with little Noise till they come within fifty or an hundred paces of the Burial-place where the Herbood meets them usually attired with a yellow Scarfe and on his Head a thin Turbant the Bearers carry the Corps upon an Iron Bier for Wood being Dedicated to the Fire is forbid to a little shed where after some mysticks acted they hoise it up to the Top of a Round Building about 12 Foot high and 80 in circuit flat above and open to the Air and expose the Carcass to the Sun and Ravening Birds Sir Th. Herb. Lucian in his discourse de Luctu hath this observation The Greeks burn The Persians bury The Indians Besmear with hogs-grease The Scythians eat or hang upon Trees The Egyptians powder with salt and spices to preserve from putrefaction The Romans Embalm The Gangetiques drown The Narsingans immure The Brachmans expose to birds The Bactrians to dogs c. Sir Tho. Herb. Travels The Gowhers Heathens in Spahawn put their dead upright in a hollow Tree The Indian Christians thus 1. The Priest is sent for to pray and administer the Eucharist if desired 2. The sick takes a long Farewell of wife children c. 3. The Survivors rather joy then mourn 4. The Corps is washed and wrapt in clean linnen 5. Friends carry it to the grave and place the head West with respect to Jerusalem or else local Paradise 6. Five days after they visit the family feast and fast as we accustome Idem The Inhabitants of Casta in E. Ind. place the Carcass in a deep long narrow Gave or else between two walls built on purpose where the simple Relict immures her self voluntarily and dies by famine A most formidable death Idem The Inhabitants of Japan in mourning wear white Idem The Chinese 1. Wash perfume and apparel the Corps with his best cloaths 2. Cover his Head and set him in a chair 3. The wife and Children come in and kiss him according to their Seniorities and Kindred also kneeling down and kissing the dead man's hand with ejaculations beating their breasts and tears 4. The Third day Coffin him Cover him with silk and set up his picture 5. For 15 days the Corps rest the Priests feast offer sacrifice burn incense 6. The Widow and Children mourn for 3. years not seen to joy in any thing In like manner the Inhabitants of Japan invocate their Mannadaes Muscovites 1. When the sick is departed the Relations stand about the body and excite one another to bemoan him asking the Deceased why he would die Were his affairs in a good condition Did he want meat and drink Was not his wife handsom or young enough Or not faithful to him c. 2. They send a present of Beer Hydromel and Aqua-vitae to the Priest that he may pray for the Soul c. 3. They wash the Body put on a clean Shirt and new Russia-Leather Shoes and lay him in the Coffin with his Arms Cross the Breast 4. The Coffin made of the Trunk of a Tree is covered with a Cloth or some Coat of the Deceased and carried to Church with this Solemnity and Order 1. First the Priest carrying the Image of the Saint assign'd the Deceased at Baptism 2. Next four Virgins next a-kin filling the Air with horrid Cries and keeping time in their Elevations and Cadencies one with another 3. Next the Corps carried by six Men the Priests incensing it all the way to keep off evil Spirits and withal singing Psalms 4. Lastly Kindred and Friends but disorderly with every one a Wax-candle in his Hand 5. At the Grave the Coffin is uncovered the Image held over him certain Prayers said with these words oft repeated Lord look upon his Soul in Righteousness the Widow continuing her Lamentations with the same questions mentioned before 6. They Kiss the Corps or the Coffin and the Priest puts a piece of Paper between his Fingers which is a kind of Testimonial or Passe for his Admittance into the other World sign'd by the Patriarch c. and Sold by the Priest The Form thus We whose Names are hereunto Subscribed the Patriarch or Metropolitan and Priest of the City of N do make known and certify by these Presents that the Bearer of these our Letters hath always lived among us like a good Christian professing the Greek Religion and tho he hath committed some Sins yet he hath confessed the same and received Absolution and taken the Communion for the Remission of his Sins hath Honoured God and his Saints hath said his Prayers and Fasted on the Hours and Days appointed by the Church and hath carried himself so well towards me his Confessor that I have no reason to complain of him nor to deny him the Absolution of his Sins In witness whereof we have given him the present Testimonial to the End that upon sight thereof S. Peter may open to him the Gate of Everlasting Bliss This done the Coffin is shut up and put in the Grave with the Face Eastward They Mourn forty Days and Feast on the third