Selected quad for the lemma: spirit_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
spirit_n	fat_a	moist_a	purgation_n	30	3	16.1842	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A91851	The universal body of physick in five books; comprehending the several treatises of nature, of diseases and their causes, of symptomes, of the preservation of health, and of cures. Written in Latine by that famous and learned doctor Laz. Riverius, counsellour and physician to the present King of France, and professor in the Vniversity of Montpelier. Exactly translated into English by VVilliam Carr practitioner in physick.; Institutiones medicae. English	Rivière, Lazare, 1589-1655.; Carr, William.	1657 (1657)	Wing R1567A; ESTC R230160	400,707	430

and by the state of the air In all purgation it is necessary that the strength of the patient should be very lusty or moderate The strength is something impaired by purging and therefore if it be very much weakned purging is not to be attempted Hot and dry bodies as also cold whether they be moister or dryer endure purgation very hardly hot and moist more easily Those which are endued with a hot and dry temperament by purgation may be easily heated rarifi'd and dry'd and also fall into convulsions if the purgation be overmuch Cold and moist and cold and dry have a faint heat and little spirits which are easily dissipated by purgation but hot and moist have a greater heat to resist the force of purging a thin tender and loose habit is easily dissolv'd but a fleshy and well compact tolerates purgation but a fat habit not so well Fat people are diligently to be distinguished from fleshy for although both may endure purgation yet much lesse the fat because they are colder and have lesse spirits and narrower vessels Boyes and old men require gentler medicines in their middle age more forcible Women with childe in the 4 5 and 6 moneth upon urgent necessity and with great caution may be purged This is to be taken from Hipp. Aph. 1. sect 4. and it agrees with reason For when nature stirred up by the purging medicine endeavours to expel the excrementitious humours and the disease it self it shakes the womb and expels the birth unlesse it stick very close but if when she is with childe she is troubled with a disease that requires purgation it must be used but with milde and gentle remedies and the more confidently in those moneths wherein the birth is more strongly bound to the womb which is in the 4 5 6. moneth For as Galen elegantly saith the adhering of the birth to the womb is like the hanging of the fruit upon the trees For the fruit at first is held on with more tender stalks and therefore more easily fall off when the wind shakes them but being grown bigger they are not so easily loosened from the boughs and again when they are ripe they fall of of themselves So the birth at the first beginnings of its formation and when it comes to perfection are more easily shaken forth but in the middle time they cling faster to the womb The particular nature of the patient is diligently to be observed for some are purged easily and plentifully by weaker medicines others are hardly moved by stronger Those who are accustomed to purgations more easily endure them but in those who are seldome or never purged we must proceed more cauriously In a hotter or colder air purgations are more difficult in a temperate more easie A hotter air weakens the strength and begets hot diseases and therefore admits not purging which impairs the strength Therefore saith Hipp. Aph. 5. sect in the dog-daies and before them 't is bad purging The cold condenses the humours and stops up the passages rendring the body lesse fluid which makes purging lesse successeful Therefore Hipp. Aph. 47. sect 6. saith that purging is better in the Spring then at any time of the year The quantity of the purge is shewn by the quantity of the vicious humour for it is all to be purged out that the body may be freed If the noxious humour be not wholly taken away the disease is not cured or if it appear cured it is subject to a relapse Therefore Hipp. Aph. 10. sect 2. Those things which are left in diseases cause relapses but if but a little portion of that humour be left by exquisite diet by nature and the natural heat it may at length perhaps be overcome A small Cacochymie may be drawn all away at one time if the strength be vigorous and the matter be concocted and thin but if the strength be impaired both a small and great Cacochymie is to be drawn out by degrees This Theorem is confirmed by that of Hipp. Aph. 36. sect 2. Those that eat bad meat if they purge they lose their strength thereby The reason is because they abound with many and vicious humours and have little good juice so that their weak strength is much wasted by a strong medicament and then that sink of ill humours being mov'd by the purging medicins sends stinking and ill vapours to the heart stomack and brain which do cause swounings giddinesse and other accidents yet these humours are not to be left in the body but to be purged out by degrees and at several intervals of time and by Epicrasis without much agitation The most fit time for purgation is at the height or declination of the disease in which the humours are concocted and prepared for evacuation This rule is founded on Hipp. Aph. 21. sect 1. Physical cures belong to concected not to crude things But in the declination of the disease or at least at the end of the height thereof they are perfectly concocted This Theorem is to be limited with this restriction viz. if nature do not perform evacuation of it self For when the humours are critically evacuated there must be then no purgation unlesse the crisis be imperfect For then the reliques of the morbifical matter are to be drawn forth by medicines lest they breed a relapse At the beginning of diseases purgation is to be used if the humour be too superfluous and swell The humours are then said to swell when they are agitated with violence and provoke and pain the body But this swelling is proper to cholerick humours which are hot thin and acrimonious and most subject to breed acute diseases But thick and cold humours which generate long diseases are not wont to swell so much If therefore such humours swell it is lawful to purge them forth before they are concocted for it is to be fear'd that the strength may be impaired by the agitation of the matter and that the humours stirred up by that violence may fall upon some principal part but then those humours are easily purged although they be not concocted because being thin and movable nature being also excited by them and provoked by the purging medicins lends her helping hand to evacuate them her self So that the patient receives more good then harm by the purging away of those swelling humours before they are concocted Whence Hipp. Aph. 10. sect 4. It is good to administer cure in acute diseases if the matter swell the same day for to delay longer in such diseases is evil but this is to be performed with caution and premeditation for the most part the matter swels not as in Aph. 22. sect 1. and as the same Hipp. teaches in Aph. 24. sect 1. In acute diseases and at the beginning seldome use purgations but with premeditation for purgations by their heat and acrimony increase acute diseases and acute diseases are sooner wasted by a critical evacuation then by purging But those Crises are not rashly

duly perform its action unless it first rightly conform and especially acquire a proper figure so for instance the head ought to be round the arm long and so forth Besides the parts for the discharge of their offices must have certain passages and cavities so the veins and arteries have their passages the ventricle useth the passage of the Esophagus but the cavity is all that space which contains the aliment Thirdly some parts for their more convenient operation ought to be smooth as the aspera arteria whose interior superficies is smooth and polite for the sweeter modulation of the voyce for it is not termed rough as being unequal and rugged according to the usual acception of that term but being made up of an unequal viz. cartilaginous and membranous substance But it is requisite some parts should be rough and rugged as the interior superficies of the ventricle that it may the better contain the aliment A certain and determinate magnitude also is proportioned to every member requisite to the exercise of its action So the Liver is bigger than the Heart the Brain than the Eye and so forth But one part of the same kind are sufficient for the exercise of certain actions for others many So for speech the tongue onely is requisite but to hold any thing many fingers are necessary Conjunction signifies two things viz. site and connexion So the liver is situated on the right hypocondrium but the milt in the left the intestines in the middle of the abdomen the wombe between the bladder and the intestinum rectum so the bones effect motion by their mutual connexion in the joynts on the contrary the lips and the eye-lids for the performance of their offices ought not to have any connexion but are open and separate But the organical parts are two the principal and the ignoble The principal are they which are without exception necessary for the conservation of the individual and are liberal in the distribution of faculty and spirit to the whole body And these are three the brain the heart and the liver There are in our bodies three faculties as we shall afterwards instance the animal vital and natural every of these keeps a peculiar court in peculiar members in which it is more glorious and majestical and from which in fellowship with the spirits which are also generated in it it flows into the whole body hence these parts are nobilitated with the title of Principal This is the ancient and customary tenent of School-Physicians which we propose for the sake of young Practitioners from which opinion in the Physical Schools it was a sin to dissent though it be inconsistent with the assertions of the Peripateticks who obtrude that the Soul with the train of all its faculties resides wholly in the whole and wholly in every part therefore there needs no influence of faculties they dwelling in every part and operating every where if they want not convenient instruments which caused Aristotle to say If the eye were placed in the foot the foot would see The ignoble are they which send forth no faculties nor spirits or which are the servants and vassals of the principall So the organs of the senses are framed for the sake of the brain onely so the lungs midriffe and arteries are designed to the temper and purgation of the heart so the ventricle intestines milt reins both bladders are made for the use of the liver To be short all the parts of the whole body are ignoble excepting the three principal parts mentioned Yet Galen in his Ars parva reckons the testicles among the principal parts because they are necessary for the conservation of the species We must therefore distinguish that in respect of the species they are principal parts not in relation to the individuum A COROLLARY THat which should here be discoursed of the substance temper figure situation action and use of every part is so accurately and perspicuously handled by the learned Laurentius in his Anatomical History that repetition will be superfluous Therefore thus much shall suffice to be spoken of the Parts The sixth Section of Physiology Of the Faculties and Functions The First CHAPTER Of the Nature of Faculties and Functions The Faculties and Functions depending upon the Soul as their first cause it will not be amiss to explain what the Soul is The Soul therefore is the substantial form of a living body by which we enjoy life sense nutrition understanding and local motion ARistotle defines it the perfection or act of an organical body potentially living which definition lies invelop'd in obscure terms and is a point of nice speculation We therefore suppose this our definition to be more clear and more convenient for our conduct in the course of Physick for man being constituted of matter and form as all other natural bodies and all his parts being the matter it is consequent that the soul should be the form For all actions having a dependency upon the form and the soul being the cause and principle of all the actions of a living body we must necessarily acknowledg that the soul is the form Hence in the absence of the soul action ceaseth By this means we arrive at the knowledg of her by her actions onely because immaterial substances are understood only by their effects But these various actions are exercised by the soul through the help of divers vertues and proprieties which are the immediate retainers to its Essence and immediately depend upon it and these proprieties are termed faculties of which we institute our following discourse A Faculty is a proper and inseparable accident of the soul which is instrumental to it in the execution of certain Functions in the body The faculties are accidents referred to the second species of quality Their subject is the soul in which they inhere not as common but as proper and inseparable accidents hence Fernelius weakly asserts them separable from the soul which he endeavours to verify by an instance of the auctive faculty which he affirms to be abolished when the vigor of Age declines Yet this faculty is not abolished but only lies idle for want of Instruments for the whole Aliment is wasted in nutrition because the body being well grown requires more nutriment and innate heat being debilitated cannot operate accretion of which nature also is unmindful while it hath filled the body to its due proportion yet this faculty is not extinct as neither the procreating faculty in a Child though it is quiet without wantonizing till Youth when it finds the seed elaborated to maturity fit for the exercise of its functions A Function is an Active motion or the effect of a Faculty in any part of the body As the faculties wait immediately upon the form or the soul so the functions upon the faculties as effects depend upon their causes But in this lies the distinction between the actions and faculties that they are appropriated to the soul the functions to

pencil by him described 2 Coac and 1 prog in these words His countenance was of this nature his eyes hollow his nose sharp his temples fallen his ears cold and contracted the skin of his forehead hard stretched and dryed the colour thereof pale or black blew or leaden all which things proceed from most pernicious causes for the parts of the face are either truly lean the substance thereof being consumed or else it hath a seeming leanness caused by a withdrawing of the spirits and blood For they give a lively and fresh colour to every part and a moderate moisture which falls away when these are withdrawn then also there is an external cold that presses down the several parts causing a greater extenuation The heat which is most intense and malignant causes a consumption of the flesh But the withdrawing the spirits and blood from the several parts is caused by the great weakness of the natural heat that it cannot recruit it self again or by reason of the great fire within which draws the bloud and spirits to it like a cupping-glass And therefore all those great causes of extenuation which appear in the face are very bad and those particles which Hipp. hath reckoned up are most capable of extenuation For the eyes are very fat and full of spirits which causes them to swell and hang out if therefore that fat be consumed and the spirits be exhausted the eyes fall down leaving the places which they did possess for the most part empty which makes the eyes hollow In the nose the end or point onely somewhat thick for the other parts are bones gristles and skin without flesh In the tip thereof onely are certain thin and fleshy fibers produced from the muscles that move the cheeks and therefore in that part of the nose doth chiefly appear the extenuation caused by the disease the hollowness of the temples are full of very moist muscles which is the cause that greyness begins usually at the temples which moisture is quickly diminished by the above mentioned causes The cars are not without reason cooled though the weakness or retreat of the natural heat both because they are extreme parts remote from the fountain of heat and also because they are without flesh being onely composed of gristle and skin the tips of them also are contracted and the skin of the forehead stretched drie and hard by reason of the drought caused by consumption of the moist parts as skins which being dryed are contracted and shriveled up together The pale colour black or blew proceeds from the withdrawing or exolution of natural heat and spirits whence these refrigerated parts receive that colour In the last place take notice that this death resembling face that shews it self by the abovementioned signes is most pernicious if it be produced by the internal causes before described for if it pro ceed from procatarctical causes it is less dangerous as Hipp. notes in this theorem where he reckons only watching and loosness of the belly but we may adde to that other procatarctical causes as the effect of nourishment sadness and fears And it may be easily discerned whether it depend on these outward causes for then the symptome lasts but one day presently the patient returns to his former state In the eyes You must well consider how the eye is affected when the patient sleeps for if there do appear any thing white under the eyelids being half shut if it proceed neither from physick nor any loosness of the belly t is an evil signe and very mortal Aph. 52. Sect. 6. When the sick person sleeps with his eyes half shut so that you may perceive underneath a certain whiteness it shews a very great weakness of the animal faculty for if the eyes the closing of which is the easiest work of the faculty be shut in sleeping it sign fies a very great impoverishment of the animal spirits Therefore it is a deadly signe if such a resolution be produced by the strength of the disease but if it proceed from any evacuation either natural or procured by art or any outward cause by reason that that may be repaired again this half shutting of the eyes is not so dangerous Hipp. also adds another caution in 1. prog That is if the sick person were not wont to sleep in that manner for it is usual with some to sleep with their eyes half open This symptome is of great use in acute diseases of the head whether with or without a feaver because the eyes are next the brain and as it were joyned to them and so consequently most certainly declare the affections thereof but in other diseases they denounce not danger so surely For children that are troubled with the worms do frequently sleep with their eyes open and are easily recovered This affection proceeds not alwayes from an impairing of the strength but sometimes from a convulsion of the muscles moving the eyes as Galen teaches in his Comm. on this Aphorisme If in an acute disease one eye groweth less then the other t is mortal Hipp. 1. progn For it is caused by a weakness of the faculty governing the eye which now begins to desert its office but it would be much worse to see both the eyes extenuated by reason of the weakness of the same faculty But this extenuation begins to appear in one of the eyes for seldome it is that both eyes are in the same condition For so a consumption that is about to afflict the whole body uses to begin to take its rise from one or two members and thence to creep to the rest and thence to the rest as they are more or less prone to receive it Yet you must observe whether this extenuation proceed from any particular disease in the eye and not from a weakness of the faculty then it speaks no danger at all If in acute diseases the white of the eye appear red t is evil Hipp. 1. progn For it shews either blood or choler translated to the brain whence an inflammation and phrensie the product thereof is to be expected which threaten much danger to life For the tunicle that constitutes the white of the eye arising from the membranes of the brain the inflammation of them is easily communicated to the tunicle If in an acute disease the veines of the eyes appear black or blew it is a mortal signe 1. prog For either it signifies that adust and atrabilary humors abound in the brain or else an extinction of the natural heat which hath caused the blood to lose its native colour and to acquire concretion If the eyes are perverted in an acute disease it is evil 1. prog The eyes are said to be perverted when they move out of order and decorum that is either more upward then they ought or more downward or more to one side then the other as also if one move upward and the other downward or if one be drawn to one corner and the other

Of Medicaments altering black Choler BLack Choler is generated from adustion which makes it hot and dry and something thick so that the Medicaments which prepare it must be cold and moist and withall attenuating These are not much distinguished from those things that prepare yellow choler only that those are chosen which are more moist and therefore no sharp things are here used because they are thought to have a drying faculty Therefore those things which alter yellow choler may here be used yet properly and directly the following Medicaments are most convenient against black choler Simples Roots of Buglosse Borrage Liquorish Leaves of Borrage Buglosse Fumitory Hops Seeds the four great cold Seeds Fruits Fragrant Apples Flowers of Borrage Buglosse Violets Water-Lilly Compounds Waters of Borrage Buglosse Water-Lilly Syrups of Violets fragrant Apples Conserves of violets Borrage Buglosse Water-Lilly Lettice Chymicals Spirits of Sulphur Vitriol Sal prunellae Saturne Martis Tartar Cream of Tartar CHAP. VI. Of opening Medicines IN many passages of the body especially the veins of the Liver Mesentery and Womb obstructions are bred from thick and clammy humours which adhere to the tunicles of the vessels and hinder the passage of the other humours In cold natures sedentary people and such as use bad nourishment crude humours are generated which being carried to the narrow passages cannot by reason of their crassity passe through but are more and more thickned and become more clammy and glutinous sticking to the tunicles of the veins and begetting obstructions there which brings along with it infinite mischief But those obstructions are opened by aperative medicaments which according to Galen 5. de simpl med fac c. 11. are of a nitrous and bitter quality by the help of which quality they attenuate cut and cleanse and so are near a kin to those medicaments that prepare flegm Opening Medicaments are by Galen called purging and unstopping Medicaments with which faculty all those medicines are endued which are most necessary for the taking away of obstructions for by their attenuating quality they take away the thicknesse of the humour as they cut they take away the clamminesse which consists in the tenuity of the parts and as they cleanse they shake off the humour adhering to the parts Whatsoever therefore are truly and efficaciously opening must be of necessity hot yet cold opening things are given though of lesser vertue and lesse properly so called fit for slighter obstructions and hotter natures In putrid Feavers or otherwise hotter natures obstructions do often happen which unlesse they be very obstinate are to be taken away by cool openers or at least cool ones are to be mixed with the hotter which notwithstanding are not so absolutely cold as compared with others For of themselves they are either temperate or remisly cold for an open faculty cannot consist with an extreme coldnesse Those opening Medicaments are these Hot openers Simple Roots of Smallage Parsly Fennel Fern Cyperus Elecampane Gentian Eringos Cammock both Birthworts Asaraban Rinds of the roots of Cappers the middle rinde of Ash the middle rinde of Tamaris Leaves of Origan Calamint Penyroyal Germander ground Pine lesser Centaury Betony St. Johns Wort Wormwood Roman all the Maiden-hairs which are temperate Seeds of Smallage Parsly Fennel blessed Thistle Nettle Agnus castus Anise Carrots Siceli on Hartwort Ammi or Bishopsweed red Chiches Flowers of Stoechas Rosemary Broom Elder Tamaris Hysop Betony Gums Ammoniack Bdellium Aloes Turpentine Myrrhe Minerals Steel Compounds Waters of Fennel Betony Wormwood Hysop Carduus benedictus Cinnamon Syrups By Zantine of the five Roots of Wormwood simple Oxymel compound Oxymel Conserves of flowers of Broom Tamaris leaves of Wormwood Maidenhair roots of Elecampane Ginger Electuaries Aromaticum Rosatum Diarrhodon Abbatis Confections Alkermes Treacle Troches of Cappars Wormwood Eupatory Myrrhe Chymicals prepared Steel Salt of Wormwood Tamaris Ash-tree Tartar Cream of Tartar Oyl of Anise Fennel Cinnamon Spirit of Turpentine Cold openers Simple Roots of Succory Grasse Asparagus Sorrel Bruscus or Knee-holy sharp pointed Dock Leaves of Endive Succory Sowthistle Sorrel Liverwort Agrimony all the Maidenhairs Seeds the 4. greater cold ones Sorrel seeds Flowers of Succory Compounds Waters of Endive Succory Grasse Sorrel Agrimony Syrups of Vinacre simple of Limons of Succory simple of the juice of Sorrell of Maidenhair Electuaries Triasantalon Diarhodon Abbatis temperate Chymical Spirit of Sulphur Vitriol Sal Prunellae Cremor Tartari CHAP. VII Of purging Medicaments HItherto we have proposed those Medicaments which prepare noxious humours and make them fit for purgation now we treat of those medicines that purge them The humours are usually evacuated by such purging Medicines as having a familiarity with the substance of them draw the humours to them as the loadstone drawes iron Therefore there are so many sorts of purging medicines as there are sorts of humours in the body fit for purgation that is choler flegm melancholy and water The humours which are evacuated by the help of purging Medicaments are choler flegm melancholy and the serum or watry humour to every one of which there are peculiar remedies electively purging So those that purge choler are named Cholagogues flegm Phlegmagogues melancholy Melanagogues the serous humours Hydragogues These are again divided into milde moderate and vehement remedies All purging Medicaments work not with like force but some with lesse some with greater according to their various power of acting allowed them by nature and therefore that their vertues may be the easier drawn forth to use they are divided into three ranks milde moderate and vehement Milde Medicaments are commonly used in weak natures or where the first region is only to be evacuated Moderate in a moderate condition of the strength and to evacuate the second Region Lastly the most vehement in stronger bodies and when the humour is to be attracted from the remoter parts as the brain joints c. But commonly a wary Physician in the same medicament mingleth vehement with milde and moderate that they may work the more successefully together And for the better using of them the just dole of every one is to be propounded 'T is of very great moment rightly to understand the dose of every Medicament without which no man can make a medicine without the apparent endangering the life of the patient But because the dose of purging Medicines is to be changed according to the various disposition of the bodies which wholly depends upon the judgement of the Physician we will therefore propound a greater and lesse dose as they are used in a moderate age that from their latitude a convenient quantity may be discerned But those Doses are so to be taken according as the Medicaments are taken by themselves or as they say in their substance For in infusion there is used a double quantity of the vehement remedy in decoction a troble but those more milde and moderate are commonly trebled in the infusion and quadruple in the decoction The vertue of Medicaments is lost by infusion