Selected quad for the lemma: spirit_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
spirit_n	dram_n	half_a	ounce_n	8,672	5	10.2661	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A49891	The compleat surgeon or, the whole art of surgery explain'd in a most familiar method. Containing an exact account of its principles and several parts, viz. Of the bones, muscles, tumurs, ulcers, and wounds simple and complicated, or those by gun-shot; as also of venereal diseases, the scruvy, fractures, luxations, and all sorts of chirurgical operations; together with their proper bandages and dressings. To which is added, a chirurgical dispensatory; shewing the manner how to prepare all such medicines as are most necessary for a surgeon, and particularly the mercurial panacæa. Written in French by M. le Clerc, physician in ordinary, and privy-counsellor to the French King; and faithfully translated into English.; Chirurgie complette. English	Le Clerc, M. (Charles Gabriel), b. 1644.; Le Clerc, Daniel, 1652-1728.	1696 (1696)	Wing L810A; ESTC R224148	161,414	374

a Pestilential and a Venereal Buboe They may be distinguish'd by their Situation and respective Accidents the Pestilential lying higher and the Venereal lower Besides a Fever Sickness at the Heart and an universal Faintness or Weakness are the ordinary concomitant Circumstances of the former whereas the Venereal Buboe is always the consequence of an impure Coitus and is attended with no other Symptoms than those of common Tumours viz. Pain Heat Shootings or Prickings c. As for the Remedies they may be sought for among those that have been already prescrib'd for Tumours CHAP. VI. Of the Scurvy THIS Disease is known by the Ulcers of the Mouth which are very stinking as also by excessive Salivation great Pains in the Head Dizziness frequent Epilepsies Apoplexies and Palsies The Face being of a pale red and dark Colour is sometimes puff'd up or bloated inflam'd and beset with Pustules The Teeth are loose and ●ake the Gums are swell'd itch putrifie exulcerate and are eaten with the Canker and the Jaw is almost unmoveable The Members are bow'd and cannot be extended The Patients become stupid and drowsie so that they fetch their Breath with difficulty are obnoxious to Palpitations of the Heart and Coughs and fall into Swoons The Ulcers sometimes are so malignant that their Cheeks are entirely eaten up and their Teeth seen They are also much inclin'd to Vomitting Looseness and Gripes and their Entrails are swell'd They have red and livid Pustules on their Belly and Privy-parts which sometimes break out into Ulcers their whole Body being dry'd c. This Disease may be easily cur'd in the beginning but when it is grown inveterate and invades the Bowels it becomes incurable as well as when it is the Epidemical Disease of the Country or the Persons afflicted with it are old or well advanc'd in Years In undertaking the Cure it is requisite to begin with a good Diet and to sweeten the Blood let the Patient take the Broth of boil'd Fowl eating Pullets and Eggs in the Broth may also be put divers sorts of Antiscorbutick Herbs viz. Cresses Spinage Parsly-Roots Sparagus Smallage Scorzonera Scurvy-Grass c. Let him eat nothing that is high season'd nor acid or sharp let him drink pure Claret without any adulterate Mixture let him use moderate Exercise and Rest Lastly let him keep his Mind sedate and free from all manner of violent Passion The following Remedies taken inwardly are very good for the Scurvy viz. the Tincture of Flints from ten Grains to thirty Diaphoretick Antimony from six Grains to thirty sweet Sublimate from six Grains to thirty Mars Diaphoreteus from ten Grains to twenty Crocus Martis Aperitivus from ten Grains to two Scruples prepar'd Coral from ten Grains to one Dram Volatile Spirit of Sal Ammoniack from six Drops to twenty Water of Cresses from fifteen Drops to one Dram Spirit of Scurvy-grass from ten Drops to one Dram Tincture of Antimony from four Drops to twenty Oily Volatile Sal Ammoniack from four Grains to fifteen Spirit of Guyacum from half a Dram to a Dram and a half Vitrioliz'd Tartar from ten Grains to thirty the Volatile Salt of Tartar Urine Vipers and Hart's-Horn of each from six Grains to fifteen the Spirit of Gum Ammoniack from eight Drops to sixteen White Mercury Precipitate from four to ten Grains Mercurial Panacaea from six Grains to two Scruples We shall shew the manner of compounding 'em in our Treatise of Venereal Diseases It is also expedient to give Emollient and Detersive Clysters to the Patient at Night going to bed his Body being always kept open with convenient Diet-drinks Afterward let him take gentle Sudorificks such as are made of the Decoctions of Fumitory wild Cicory Dandelion Hart's-Tongue Scabious the lesser House-Leek Germander Borage Scorzonera-Root and Polypody with Flowers of Broom Elder and Mary gold These are stronger for cold Constitutions viz. Decoctions of Scurvy-Grass Lepidium Arse-smart the lesser Celandine Wormwood little House-Leek Trifolium Febrinum Angelico Juniper-Berries c. Convenient Decoctions to wash the Mouth may be made with Sage Rosemary Hyssop Oak-Leaves Scurvy-Grass Cresses Tobacco Roots of Bistort Aristolochy or Birth-Wort Tormentil Flower-de-Luce Balaustia or Pomegranate-Flowers Red Roses c. To corroborate the Gums Gargarisms are made of Anti-Scorbutick Plants as of Spirit of Scurvy-Grass two Drams one Scruple of Spirit of Vitriol one Scruple of common Salt four Ounces of Rose-Water and Plantane-Water But if the Gums are putrefy'd they are to be rubb'd with Honey of Roses and some Drops of Spirit of Salt To asswage the Pains of the Members Bathings and Fomentations are to be us'd and a Decoction of Saxifrage taken inwardly with some Grains of Laudanum is good for that Purpose To allay the Gripes Clysters may be given with Whey Sugar Yolks of Eggs Syrrop of Poppies and Oils of Earth-Worms Scurvy-Grass Camomile c. Against the Scorbutick Dropsy take the Essence of Trifolium Febrinum and Elicampane from twenty four Drops to thirty and continue the use thereof Milk taken inwardly hinders Vomitting and a Broth or Gelly of Crabs sweetens the Blood The Looseness may be stopt with the Essence of Wormwood and Spirit of Mastick as also the Fever with Febrifuges and Anti-scorbuticks The Spots may be fomented with Decoctions of Aromatick and Anti-Scorbutick Herbs and Nitre For the Ulcers of the Legs pulverize an equal quantity of Saccharum Saturni Crocus Martis Myrrh and Mercurius Dulcis and lay it upon the Bolsters that are to be apply'd to the Sores To mollifie the sharpness of Acid Humours this is a good Remedy Prepare half an Ounce of Spirit of Scurvy-Grass two Drams of tartariz'd Spirit Ammoniack a Dram of the Tincture of Worms Take thrice a Day fifteen or twenty Drops of this Liquor in a Decoction of the Tops of Firr Against the Tubercles take two Handfuls of the Flowers of Camomile and Elder three Drams of Briony-Root and an Handful of White-Bread Crum Boil the whole Composition in Milk and make Cataplasms thereof To mitigate the Pains in the Head take twenty or thirty five Drops of the Tincture of Amber in Anti-scorbutick Spirits or Waters The difficulty of Respiration may be remov'd by a Medicinal Composition made of two Drams of an Anti-scorbutick Water two Drams of the Essence of Elicampane and half a Dram of the Spirit of Gum Ammoniack take three or four Spoonfuls thereof several times in a Day To prevent the putrefaction of the Gums take one Dram of the Tincture of Gum Lacca three Drams of the Spirit of Scurvy-Grass with fifteen or twenty Drops of Oil of Tartar made per Deliquium and rub the Gums with this Composition many times in a Day Brandy in which Camphire is infus'd or Spirit of Wine is likewise a most excellent Remedy as also all Lotions or Washes made with the Waters or Decoctions of Anti-scorbutick Plants For Leanness Goat's-Milk with the Spirit of Scurvy-Grass may be us'd and other Waters drawn from Anti-scorbutick Plants The

the thick Guts is open'd when the Hurt is found in the Hypogastrium and the Excrements are voided at the Wound as it is certain that on of the thin Guts is pierc'd when the Wound appears in the Navel and the Chyle issueth forth from thence and so of the others What Method ought to be observ'd in curing Wounds in the lower Belly It is expedient at first to prevent letting in the Air and to dilate the Wound in order to sow up the perforated Gut and afterward to restore it to its place as also to bind the Caul which is let out at the opening and to cut it off lest in putrifying it should corrupt the neighbouring Parts Then these Parts may be bath'd with Lees of Wine wherein have been boil'd the Flowers of Camomile and Roses with Wormwood The Powders of Aloes Myrrh and Frankincense may be also thrown upon 'em and the Wound must be sow'd up again to dress it on the outside the Patient in the mean time being restrain'd to a regular Diet. But Clysters must be forborn on these Occasions especially when one of the thick Guts is wounded making use rather of a Suppository or laxative Diet-Drinks to avoid dilatation and straining CHAP VI. Of Wounds made by Guns or Fire-Arms THESE Wounds are always bruis'd and torn with the loss of Substance and commonly with the splitting and breaking of a Bone They are red black livid and inflam'd not being usually accompany'd with an Haemorrhage They are generally round and streighter at their Entrance than at their End at least 〈◊〉 they were not made with Cross-Bar-Shot or Quarter-Pieces Of the Prognostick of Wounds by Gun-shot When these Wounds penetrate into the Substance of the Brain or Marrow of the Back-Bone or into the Heart Pericardium great Vessels and other noble Parts Death always inevitably follows and often happens at the very Instant But one may undertake the Cure of those that are superficial and which are made in the Neck Shoulders Arms and all other parts of the Body Of the Cure of Wounds by Gun-shot For the better curing of these sorts of Wounds it is requisite to be inform'd of the Quality of the Fire-Arms by which the Wounds were made in regard that a Musquet is more dangerous than a Pistol and a Cannon much more than a Musquet as also to examine their situation and concomitant Accidents for by how much the more complicated they are so much the greater is the danger Then the Patient must be set as near as can be in the very same Situation and Posture wherein he remain'd when the Wound was receiv'd in order to discover the direct Passage of the Wound by the help of the Probe with which a search is to be made whether a Bullet or any other extraneous Bodies as Wood Flocks Linnen or Stuff as yet stick in the Wound so that Endeavours may be us'd to take 'em out thro' the same Hole where they enter'd care being more especially had to avoid making Dilacerations in drawing 'em out But if the Operator hath endeavour'd to no purpose to remove these extraneous Bodies let him make a Counter-Opening in the opposite Part where he shall perceive any hardness nevertheless without touching the Vessels thus the Incision being made he may readily draw 'em out with his Fingers or some other Instrument If the Bullet sticks so far in a Bone that it cannot be taken away without breaking the same Bone it is more expedient to let it lie therein but if the Leg or Arm-Bones are very much split or shatter'd then the Amputation of 'em becomes absolutely necessary The Pain and Inflammation of the Part may be asswag'd by letting Blood topical Anodyns cooling Clysters and Purgations but in case much Blood ha●h been already lost Phlebotomy must be omitted The Clysters may be made with Decoctions of Mercury Mallows Beets a Handful of Barley and Honey of Roses Some Surgeons are of Opinion that the Patient ought to be purg'd every other Day and even on the very same Day that he receiv'd the Wound if his Strength will permit however very gentle Purges are to be us'd upon this occasion such as Cassia Manna Tamarins Syrrup of Violets and that of White Roses In the mean while Anodyns may be compounded to mitigate the Pain as Cataplasms or Pultisses made with the Crum of white Bread Milk Saffron the Yolk of an Egg and Oil of Roses us'd hot which last Ingredient is of it self a very good Anodyn But to asswage great Inflammations Oil of Roses the White of an Egg and Vinegar beaten all together may be laid on the neighbouring Parts At first it is necessary to apply spirituous Medicines to the Wound and Pledgets steep'd in camphirated Brandy are admirable for that purpose but if there be a Flux of Blood styptick Waters or other astringent Remedies may be us'd still remembring that all these medicaments must be apply'd hot To promote the Suppuration of these contused Wounds a Digestive may be made of Oleum Rosatum the Yolk of an Egg and Venice Turpentine If the Wound be in the Nerves Tendons or other Nervous Parts it is requisite to use spirituous and drying Medicines never applying any Ointments which will not fail to cause Putrefaction in those Parts But a Cataplasm may be made with Barley-Meal Orobus I upins and Lentils boil'd in Claret adding some Oil of St. John's-Wort The Balsam of Peru Oil of Turpentine destill'd Oil of Wax destill'd Oil of Lavender Oleum Phil●sophorum Oil of Bays destill'd Balsam of St. John's-Wort Spirit of Wine and Gum Elemi are excelient Medicaments for the Nerves Or else Take four Ounces of Vnguentum Althaeae with a Dram and a half of destill'd Bays mingle the whole Composition and apply it Or else Take an Ounce of destill'd Oil of Turpentine a Dram of Spirit of Wine and half an Ounce of Camphire let all be intermixt and dropt into the Wound Or else Take a Scruple of Euphorbium half an Ounce of Colophonia and a little Wax let 'em be mingl'd together and apply'd very hot to the Nervous Parts If the Wounds are deep Injections may be made with this Vulnerary Water which is very good for all sorts of Contusions as also for the Gangrene and U●cers Take the lesser Sage the greater Comfrey and Mugwort of each four Handfuls Plantane Tobacco Meadowsweet Betony Agrimony Vervein St. John's-Wort and Wormwood of each three Handfuls Fennel Pilewort Bugle Sanicle Mouse-Ear the lesser Dazy the lesser Centory and All-heal of each three Handfuls three Ounces of round Birth-Wort and two Ounces of long Let the whole Composition be digested during thirty Hours in two Gallons of good White-Wine and afterward destill'd in Balneo Mariae till one third part be consum'd If a Gangrene happens in the Part Spirit of Mother-Wort may be put into it which is compounded with two Drams of Mastick Myrrh Olibanum and Amber and a Quart of rectify'd Wine the whole being destill'd This Fomentation may

Liniments to asswage and mollifie The Oils of common Wall-Nuts and Small-Nuts may be also prepar'd after the same manner as that of Sweet-Almonds The Oil of Bayes Take as much as you please of Laurel or Bay-Berries well cleans'd perfectly ripe and soundly bruis'd let 'em be put into a Kettle and boil'd with a sufficient quantity of Water during half an Hour then strain and squeez 'em strongly let the Liquor cool and scum off the Fat that swims upon the Water Afterward pound the remaining Substance in a Mortar and cause it to be boil'd again for half an Hour with some of the first Water which was left adding a little fresh then strain and squeez it as before and take off the Oil that swims on the Top. But the first Oil is better than the second and therefore ought to be kept separately The Oils of Berries of Mastick Myrtle and other oleaginous Plants may be extracted after the same manner The Oil of Bayes mollifies attenuates and ●s opening and discussive It is very good against the Palsie and the Shiverings or cold Fits of a ●eaver or Ague in anointing the Back as also against Scabs Tetters c. The Oil of Eggs by Expression Take newly laid Eggs and let 'em be har●en'd in Water then separate the Yolks and put 'em into a Frying-pan over a gentle Coal-fire stirring 'em about from time to time and a last without discontinuing till they grow reddish and begin to yield their Oil Then they are to be sprinkl'd with Spirit of Wine and ●our'd very hot into a little Linnen-Bag which ●s to be ty'd and set in a Press between two ●eated Platines so that the Oil may be squeez'd ●ut as readily as is possible This Oil mitigates the Pains of the Ears and Haemorrhoids cures Scabs and Ring-Worms or Tetters as also Chaps and Clefts in the Breast Hands Feet and Fundament and is made use of in Burns c. CHAP VI. Of Collyrium ' s. COLLYRIVM's are Medicines prepar'd for the Diseases of the Eyes The following is that of Lanfrancus Take a Pint of White-Wine three Pints of Plantain-Water three Pounds of Roses two Drams of Orpiment one Dram of Verdegrease Myrrh and Aloes of each two Scruples The Orpiment Verdegrease Myrrh and Aloes are to be beaten to a fine Powder before they are intermixt with the Liquors This Collyrium is not only good for the Eyes but is also of use to make Injections into the Privy-Parts of Men and Women but before the Injections are made it ought to be sweeten'd with three or four times the quantity in weight of Rose Plantain or Morel-Water A dry Collyrium Take two Drams of Sugar-candy prepar'd Tutty Lizard's-Dung of each one Dram White Vitriol Sucotrin Aloes and Sal Saturni of each half a Dram. Let the whole Composition be reduc'd to a very fine Powder and mixt together Two or three Grains of this Powder may be blown at once into the Eye with a small Quill Pipe of Straw or Reed as long as it is necessary and the same Powder may also be steept in Ophthalmick Waters to make a liquid Collyrium A Blue Collyrium Take a Pint of Water in which unslackt Lime has been quench'd and a Dram of Sal Ammoniack pulveriz'd mingle these Ingredients together in a Brass-Bason and let 'em be insus'd during a whole Night then filtrate the Liquor and keep it for use This Collyrium is one of the best Medicines that can be prepar'd for all manner of Diseases of the Eyes CHAP. VII Of Powders A Powder against Madness or Frenzy TAKE the Leaves of Rue Vervein the lesser Sage Plantain Polypody common Wormwood Mint Mother-Wort Balm Betony St. John's-Wort and the lesser Centory of every one an equal quantity These Plants must be gather'd in the Month of June during the clear and serene Weather and ty'd up in Nose-gays or little Bundles which are to be wrap'd up in Paper and hung in the Air to be dry'd in the Shade Afterward they are to be pounded in a great Brass-Mortar and the Powder is to be sifted thro' a Silk-Sieve The Dose of this Powder is from two to three Drams mingl'd with half a Dram of the Powder of Vipers in half a Glass of good White-Wine every Morning fasting for fifty one Days successively It has an admirable effect provided the wounded Person be not bit in the Head nor Face and that the Wound has not been wash'd with Water CHAP. VIII Styptick-Water TAKE Colcothar or Red Vitriol that remains in the Retort after the Spirit has been drawn off Burnt Allom and Sugar-candy of each thirty Grains the Urine of a Young Person and Rose-Water of each half an Ounce and two Ounces of Plantain-Water Let the whole Mixture be stirr'd about for a long time and then put into a Vial. But the Liquor must be pour'd off by Inclination when there shall be occasion to take any for use If a Bolster steept in this Water be laid upon an open Artery and held close with the Hand it will soon stop the Blood a small Tent may be also soakt in it and put up into the Nose for the same purpose If it be taken inwardly it stops the spitting of Blood and the Dysentery or Bloody-Flux as also the Haemorrhoidal and Menstruous Fluxes the Dose being from half a Dram to two Drams in Knot-Grass-Water FINIS A TABLE OF THE CHAPTERS And of the Principal Matters Which are contain'd in every Chapter CHAP. I. OF the Qualifications of a Surgeon and the Art of Surgery Page 1 CHAP. I. Of Synthesis Diaeresis Exaeresis and Prosthesis Page 2 CHAP. I. What ought to be observ'd before the undertaking of an Operation Page 3 CHAP. II. Of Chirurgical Instruments portable and not portable Page 5 CHAP. III. Of Anatomy in general and in particular of all the Parts of which the Human Body is compos'd Page 7 CHAP. IV. Of the General Division of a Human Body Page 10 CHAP. V. Of the Skeleton Page 12 CHAP. V. Of the different kinds of Articulations Page 14 CHAP. V. Of the Number of the Bones of the Human Skeleton Page 16 CHAP. VI. Of Myology or the Description and Anatomy of the Muscles of the Human Body Page 19 CHAP. VII Of the Myology or Anatomy of the Muscles of the Head Page 21 CHAP. VIII Of the Myology or Anatomy of the Muscles of the Chest or of the Breast Belly and Back Page 31 CHAP. IX Of the Myology or Anatomy of the Muscles of the lower Belly Page 34 CHAP. IX Of the Muscles of the Parts that serve for Geration in both Sexes Page 36 CHAP. X. Of the Muscles of the Shoulder-Blades Arms and Hands Page 37 CHAP. XI Of the Muscles of the Thighs Legs and Feet Page 48 CHAP. XI A List of all the Muscles of the Humane Body Page 57 CHAP. XII Of the Anatomy of the Nerves Arteries and Veins in general Page 58 CHAP. XII Of the Structure of the four Tunicks of the Arteries Page 61 CHAP.

of the Wound The Patient must be dress'd three Days after and it is requisite at the first time only to untwist half the Needle loosening the middle Thread if there be three to which purpose a Servant is to thrust the Cheeks somewhat forward On the eighth Day the middle Needle may be taken off if it be a young Infant nevertheless the Needles must not be remov'd till it appears that the sides are well join'd neither must they be left too long because the Hoses wou'd scarce be brought to close CHAP VI. Of the Operation of Bronchotomy THIS Operation becomes necessary when the Inflammation that happens in the Larynx hinders Respiration and is perform'd after this manner The Wind-Pipe is open'd between the third and fourth Ring above the Muscle Cricoides or else in the middle of the Wind-Pipe but in separating the Muscles call'd Sternohyodei care must be had to avoid cutting the recurrent Nerves lest the Voice shou'd be lost as also the Glandules nam'd Thyroides The Space between the Rings is to be open'd with a streight Lancet kept steady with a little Band and a transverse Incision is to be made between 'em Before the Lancet is taken out a Stilet is put into the Opening thro' which passeth a little Pipe short flat and somewhat crooked at the end which must not be thrust in too far for fear of exciting a Cough This Pipe hath two small Rings for the fastening of Ribbans which are ty'd round about the Neck and it must be left in the Wound till the Symptoms cease Afterward it is taken away and the Wound is dress'd the Lips of it being drawn together again with the uniting Bandage which hath been already describ'd CHAP. VII Of the Operation of the Uvula WHEN the Vvula or Palate of the Mouth is swell'd so as to hinder Respiration or Swallowing or else is fallen into a Gangrene it may be extirpated thus The Tongue being first depress'd with an Instrument call'd Speculum Oris the Palate is held with a Forceps or cut with a Pair of Sizzers or else a Ligature may be made before it is cut and the Mouth may be afterward gargl'd with Astringent Liquors CHAP. VIII Of the Operation of a Cancer in the Breast THE Cancer at first is not so big as a Pea being a small hard blackish Swelling sometimes livid and very troublesome by reason of its Prickings but when it is encreas'd the Tumour appears hard Lead-colour'd and livid causing in the beginning a Pain that may be pretty well endur'd but in the increase it grows intolerable and the Stink is extremely noisome When it is ready to Ulcerate the Heat is vehement with a pricking Pulsation and the Veins round about are turgid being fill'd with black Blood and extended as it were the Feet of a Crab or Crey-Fish till Death happen When this Tumour is not ulcerated it is call'd an Occult Cancer and an Apparent one when it breaks forth into an open Ulcer To palliate an Occult Cancer and prevent its Ulceration a Cataplasm or Pultis of Hemlock very fresh may be apply'd to the Part. All the kinds of Succory the Decoction of Solanum or Night-shade the Juices of these Plants as also those of Scabious Geranium or Stork-Bill Herniaria or Rupture-Wort Plantain c. are very good in the beginning River-Crabs pounded in a Leaden-Mortar and their Juice beaten in a like Mortar are an excellent Remedy as also are Humane Excrements or Urine destill'd and laid upon the Occult Concer Or else Take an Ounce of calcin'd Lead two Ounces of Oil of Roses and six Drams of Saffron let the whole Composition be beaten in a Mortar with a Leaden Pestle and apply'd The Amalgama of Mercury with Saturn is likewise a very efficacious Remedy In the mean while the Patient may be purg'd with black Hellebore and Mercurius Dulcis taking also inwardly from one Scruple to half a Dram of the Powder of Adders given to drink with half the quantity of Crab's-Eyes But very great care must be taken to avoid the Application of Maturatives or Emollients which wou'd certainly bring the Tumour to Ulceration When the Cancer is already ulcerated the Spirit of Chimney-Soot may be us'd with good Success and the Oil of Sea-Crabs pour'd scalding hot into the Ulcer is an excellent Remedy But if it be judg'd expedient entirely to extirpate the Cancer it may be done thus The sick Patient being laid in Bed the Surgeon takes the Arm on the side of the Cancer and lifts it upward and backward to give more room to the Tumour then having pass'd a Needle with a very strong Thread tho' the bottom of the Breast he cuts the Thread to take away the Needle and passeth the Needle again into the Breast to cause the Threads to cross one another Afterward these four ends of the Threads are ty'd together to make a kind of Handle to take off the Tumour which is cut quite round to the Ribs with a very sharp Rasor The Cutting is usually begun in the lower Part to end in the Vessels near the Arm-Pit where a small Piece of Flesh is left to stop the Blood with greater Facility Then having laid a Piece of Vitriol upon the Vessels or Bolsters soakt in styptick Water the sides of the Breast are to be press'd with the Hand to let out the Blood and Humours and an Actual Cautery is to be lightly apply'd thereto The Dressing The Wound is to be dress'd with Pledgets strew'd with Astringent Powders a Plaister a Bolster a Napkin round the Breast and a Scapulary to support the whole Bandage But instead of passing Threads cross-wise to form a Handle with which the Breast may be taken off it wou'd be more expedient to make use of a sort of Forceps turn'd at both ends in form of a Crescent after such a manner that those ends may fall one upon another when the Forceps are shut Thus the Surgeon may lay hold on the Breast with these Forceps and draw it off after having cut it at one single Stroak with a very flat crooked and sharp Knife Neither is it convenient to apply the Actual Cautery to stop the Haemorrhage because it is apt to break forth again anew when the Escar is fall'n off When the Tumour is not as yet ulcerated a Crucial Incision may be made in the Skin without penetrating into the Glandulous Bodies then the four Pieces of the Glandules being separated the Cancerous Tumour may be held with the Forceps and afterward cut off If there be any Vessels swell'd they may be bound before the Tumour is taken away but if the Tumour sticks close to the Ribs the Operation is not usually undertaken CHAP. IX Of the Operation of the Empyema THIS Operation is perform'd when it may be reasonably concluded that some corrupt Matter is lodg'd in the Breast which may be perceiv'd by the weight that the Patient feels in fetching his Breath being also sensible of the floating of the

Purgations by which means the Plethory Heat and Alteration of the Blood is diminished But Fomentations Cataplasms and Plaisters facilitate the Cure in the conjunct cause either by dissolving the Tumour or bringing it to Suppuration At what time is the Opening of a Vein necessary In the Beginning and Increase What are the Remedies proper to be us'd immediately upon the first appearing of the Tumour They are Resolvents and Anodynes such as those that are prepar'd with Chervil boil'd in Whey adding a little Saffron to wash the Tumour and soak the Linnen Cloaths apply'd thereto which are often renew'd and may be laid on with the Chervil Or else take the Urine of a healthful Person wherein is boil'd an Ounce of Saffron for a Glass and bath the Tumour with it The Sperm of Frogs is also made use of to very good purpose either alone or with Lime-Water and Soap mixt together or Oak-Leaves and Plantane beaten small and apply'd But Care must be more especially taken to avoid cooling Medicines Oils and Grease which are pernicious in great Inflammations What ought to be done in the increase of the Tumour and Pain They are to be asswag'd by mollifying and dissolving to which end a Cataplasm or Pultis is to be made with the Leaves of Elder Wall-wort or Dwarf-Elder Mallows Violet-Plants Camomile and Melilot whereto is added beaten Line-seed causing the whole Mass to be boil'd in Whey and allowing to every Pint or thereabout a Yolk of an Egg twenty Grains of Saffron a quarter of a Pound of Honey and the Crum of 〈◊〉 Bread till it comes to a necessary Cons●●ence Or else take Cow's Dung instead of the above-mention'd Herbs and mix with it all the other Ingredients to make a Cataplasm which must be renew'd at least every twelve Hours What is to be done in the State If the Tumour cannot be dissolv'd as was intended it must be brought to Suppuration by Cataplasms consisting of these Ingredients viz. Garlick White Lillies roasted under Embers Milk and Vnguentum Basilicon Or else only take a Glass of Milk in which an Ounce of Soap is dissolv'd to wet the Linnen apply'd to the Tumour and let it be often reiterated Otherwise make use of Sorrel boil'd with fresh Butter and a little Leaven or Yeast The Plaister Diasulphuris is also most excellent either alone or if you please mixt with Diachylon and Basilicon What is to be done in the Declination after the Suppuration The Ulcer must be at first gently dry'd with a Plaister of Diasulphuris or Diachylon and afterward that of Diapalma may be us'd and Ceruse or White Lead What Method is to be observ'd in case there be any Disposition toward a Gangrene It is requisite during the great Inflammation to make use of good Vinegar in an Ounce whereof is dissolv'd a Dram of White Vitriol with as much Sal Ammoniack to bath the Tumour Or else take the Tincture of Myrrh and Aloes with a little Vnguentum Aegyptiacum and afterward make a Digestive of Turpentine the Yolk of an Egg and Honey mingling it with a little Spirit of Wine or Brandy if there remains any Putrifaction or Rottenness Remedies for Aneurisms and Varices What is to be done in order to cure an Aneurism When it is little as that which happens after an Operation of Phlebotomy or letting Blood ill perform'd it may be sufficient to lay upon the affected Part a thin Plate of Lead or else a Piece of Money or Counter wrapt up in a Bolster and to bind it on very streight But a Piece of Paper chew'd is much better for that purpose If the Anuerism be considerable an Astringent Plaister may be us'd such as the following Take Bolus Dragon's Blood Frankincence Aloes and Hypocystis of each a Dram mingle the whole with two beaten Eggs and add Wax to give it the consistence of a Plaister which may be apply'd alone or mixt with an equal Portion of Emplastrum contra Rupturam always making a small Bandage to keep it on Emplastrum de Cicuta hath also a wonderful effect When the Aneurism is excessive it is absolutely necessary to proceed to a Manual Operation the manner whereof shall be shewn hereafter in the Treatise of great Operations What is requisite to be done in the Varices Varices are not generally dangerous but even conduce to the preservation of Health nevertheless if they become troublesome by reason of their greatness and the Pains that accompanie'em they may be mollify'd with the following Remedy Take the Mucilages of the Seeds of Psyllium and Line of each two Ounces of Populeon two Ounces Oleum Lumbricorum Hyperici of each one Ounce and of the Meal of Whear one Ounce adding Wax to make the Consistence of a Plaister part of which spread upon Linnen or Leather must be apply'd to the Varix and ty'd thereto with a small Band. If the Blood abound too much it may be discharg'd by the Application of Leeches or by a Puncture made with a Lancet Afterward lay upon the Part a Piece of Lead sow'd up in a Cloth and let it be kept close with a proper Bandage Otherwise you may make use of an Astringent such as this Take a Pomegranate cut it in pieces and boil it with as much Salt as may be taken up with the Tip of your Fingers in a Gallon of strong Vinegar then dip a Spunge in this Vinegar apply it to the Varix bind it on and continue the use of it twice a Day for a Month together Remedies for Echymoses Contusions or Bruises How are Echymoses to be treated All possible means must be us'd to dissolve 'em by laying Slices of Beef upon the Part renewing 'em very often or applying Linnen Rags dipt in Spirit of Wine impregnated with Saffron They may be also dissolv'd with the Roots of Briony grated and apply'd thereto or else with Plaister or Mortar Soot Oil of Olives and Vnguentum Divinum a Mixture whereof being made is to be put between two Rags and laid upon the Tumour or Swelling If the Echymosis happens in a Nervous Part Balsam of Peru may be us'd or for want thereof Oleum Lumbricorum Hyperici with luke-warm Wine with which the Bolsters must be soak'd to be laid upon it When the Echymosis is great and much Blood is diffus'd between the Skin and the Flesh the safest way is to make an Opening to let it out lest a too plentiful and dangerous Suppuration should ensue or even a Gangrene it self However a Surgeon ought to proceed in the curing of an Echymosis in the Face with great Circumspection which must be always prepar'd for Incision Of phlegmonous Tumors or Impostumes and of Remedies proper for ' em What are the Tumours or Impostumes that partake of a Phlegmon They are the Bubo Carbuncle Anthrax Furunculus Phyma Phygeton Panaritium or Par●nychia Burn Gangrene and Kibe or Chilblain What is a Bubo A Bubo is a Tumour which ariseth in the Groin being accompany'd with Heat

more especially take the Mucilages of the Seeds of Quinces and Psyllium and Frog's-Sperm of each an equal quantity adding to every four● Ounces twenty Grains of Saccharum S●tu●ni This Composition may be spread on the Part with a Feather and cover'd with fine Brown Paper It is an admirable and approved Receipt If the Burn hath made an Escar or Crust it may be remov'd with fresh Butter spread upon a Colewort or Cabbage Leaf and apply'd hot But in Case the Scab is too hard and doth not fall off it must be open'd to give passage to the Pus or corrupt Matter the stay of which would occasion a deep Ulcer underneath The same Method is to be observ'd in the Pustules or Blisters two Days after they are rais'd applying also the Ointment of quick Lime Oil of Roses and Yolks of Eggs. ARTICLE II. Of the Erysipelas and its Dependances WHat is an Erysipelas An Erysipelas commonly call'd St. Anthony's Fire is a small Elevation produc'd by a Flux of Choler dispers'd and running between the Skin and the Flesh It is known by its yellowish Colour great Heat and Prickings REMEDIES What are the Remedies proper for an Erysipelas An Erysipelas that ariseth in the Head and Breast is not without danger and the Cure of it ought to be undertaken with great Care in the Application as well of internal as external Remedies For it is requisite to take inwardly a Dose of the Diaphoretick Mineral Crabs-Eyes Egg-shels Powder of Vipers and other Medicines as also Potions that have the like Virtues such as the following Take four Ounces of Elder-Flower-Water adding thereto a Scruple of the volatile Salt of Vipers or Hart's-Horn with an Ounce of Syrrup of red Poppies Phlebotomy or Blood-letting hath no place here unless there be a great Plethory but frequent Clysters are not to be rejected viz. such as are made of Whay Chervil Succory and Violet-Plants adding a Dram of Mineral Crystal-dissolv'd with two Ounces of Honey of Violets As for outward Applications Linnen-Rags dipt in the Spirit of Wine impregnated with Camphire and Saffron are to be laid upon the Tumour and renew'd as fast as they are dry'd An equal quantity of Chalk and Myrrh beaten to Powder may also be strew'd upon a Sheet of Cap-Paper over-spread with Honey and apply'd to the Part. If the Heat and Pain grow excessive take half a Dram of Saccharum Saturni twenty Grains of Camphire as much Opium with two Drams of red Myrrh to be infus'd in a Gallon of White-Wine Let this Liquor be kept to soak the Cloaths that are laid upon the Erysipelas ond often renew'd But to dress the Face a Canvass Cloth may be us'd which hath been dipt in a Medicine prepar'd with a Gallon of Whey two Yolks of Eggs and a Dram of Saffron Moreover amidst all these Remedies it is necessary to oblige the Patient to keep to a good Diet and to prescribe for his ordinary Drink a Diet-Drink made of Hart's-Horn the Tops of the lesser Centory Pippins cut in Slices with their Skins and Liquorish A little good Wine may be also allow'd with the Advice of the Physician Of Erysipelatous Tumours or Impostumes and their Remedies What are the Tumours or Impostumes that parrake of the Nature of an Erysipelas They are the dry and moist Herpes the former being that which is call'd the Tetter or Ring-Worm and the other a kind of yellow Bladders Pustules or Wheals that cause itching and raise small corroding Ulcers in the Skin To these may be added divers sorts of Scabs and Itch. The Remedies prescrib'd for the Erysip●les may be us'd for both these kinds of Herpes as also Lotions or Bathing-Liquors made of Lime-Water and a Decoction of Wormwood and Sal Ammoniack allowing half a Dram to four Ounces of Liquor Or else take half a Dram of Sal Sa●u●●i and put it into a Glass of the Decoction of Fumitory or Chervil You may also make use of the Oil of Tartar per deliquium to make a Liniment either alone or ming'd with the above-mention'd Decoctions ARTICLE III. Of the Oedema WHat is the Oedema It is a white soft Tumour with very little sense of Pain which ariseth from the Settling of a pituitous Humour What are the Rumedies proper for an Oedema They are Fomentations Cataplasms Liniments and Pla●sters The Fomen●a●ions are made with Bundles of Wall-Wort or Dwarf-Elder thrown into a hot Oven after the Bread is bak'd and sprinkled with Wine Afterward being taken out smoaking they are unty'd open'd and wrapt about the Part putting a warm Linnen Cloth over ' em This Operation is to be re-i●erated and by this means the Humour is dissolv'd thro' Transpiration by Swear The Cataplasms are compos'd of Camomile Melilot St. John's-Wort Sage Wall-Wort Pellitory of the Wall Roots of Briony and Onions all boil'd together in White Wine with Honey adding if you please a few Cummin or Fennel Seeds beaten Cataplasms are also made of Horse-Dung and the Seeds of Cummin beaten which are boil'd in strong Vinegar and mixt with Barly-Meal to the Consistence of Pap. The Plaisters are prepar'd with an Ounce of Diapalma half an Ounce of Martiatum a Pint of Oil of Lillies half an Ounce of Cummin-Seeds powder'd half a Dram of Sal Ammoniack and an Ounce of yellow Wax to make a Consistence If any hardness remains the Plaister of Mucilages may be apply'd or that which is made of the Gums Bdellium Ammoniack and Galbanum dissolv'd in Vinegar Bu● Care must be taken not to omit the Purgatives of Jalap to the quantity of a Dram in a Glass of White-Wine or of half an Ounce of Lozenges of Diacarthamum which are effectual in drawing out the bottom of pituitous and serous Humours that nourish the Oedema's Of Oedomatous Tumours and Impostumes What are the kinds of Tumours that partake of the Nature of an Oedema They are the Phlyctaena the Emphysema the Batrachos or Ranunculus the Wen the Talpa the Bronchocele the Ganglion the Fungus the Scurf the Scrophula or King's-Evil and all sorts of Dropsies both general and particular What are Phlyctaena's They are Pustules or Blisters fill'd with a white and somewhat yellowish Humour What is an Emphysema It is a kind of flatuous Tumour wherein Wind is contain'd with a little slimy Phlegm What is a Batrachos or Ranunculus It is a Blister fill'd with slimy Water that ariseth under the Tongue near the String and in French is call'd Grenouillette or the little Frog which is the same with its Greek and Latin Names What is a Wen It is a Tumour consisting of thick plaistry Phlegm which is reckon'd among the Encysted What is a Talpa It is a soft and very broad Tumour which usually appears in the Head and Face containing a white thick and pituitous Matter What is a Bronchocele It is a bunch'd Tumour which ariseth in the Throat and causeth it to swell extremely being compos'd of thick Phlegm mix'd with a little Blood and ranked among the Encysted Tumours

be apply'd very hot to very good purpose viz. an equal quantity of Camphirated Wine and Lime-Water with three Drams of Camphire This is also an excellent Cataplasm Take a Pint of Lye and as much Spirit of Wine half an Handful of Rue Sage Scordium and Wormwood a Dram of each of the Roots of both sorts of Birth-Wort and two Drams of Sal Ammoniack Let the whole Composition be boil'd till a third Part be consum'd adding half a Dram of Myrrh and Aloes and a little Brandy Of a Burn made by Gun-Powder If the Burn be recent and the Skin not exulcerated Spirit of Wine or Brandy is to be immediately apply'd or else an Ointment may be made with Oil of Olives or bitter Almonds Salt the Juice of Onions and Verjuice If the Skin be ulcerated and little Bladders or Pustules arise an Ointment may be compounded with the second Bark of Elder boil'd in Oil of Olives After it hath been strain'd add two parts of Ceruse or White-Lead and one of Burnt Lead with as much Litharge stirr'd about in a Leaden-Mortar to make a Liniment But it is not convenient to take out the Grains of Powder that remain in the Skin because they are apt to break and to be more confounded or spread abroad so that they must be left to come forth in the Suppuration When the Wound is supersicial and the Skin as yet whole peel'd Onions with common Honey are an excellent Remedy but if the Skin be torn it is not to be us'd by reason that the Pain wou'd be too great in which case Oil of Tartar per diliquium hath a very good effect If the Burn be accompany'd with a Fever it may be allay'd with fixt Nitre Nitre prepar'd with Antimony and Gun-Powder taken inwardly which are very effectual in their Operation Crab's-Eyes prepar'd and even some of 'em unprepar'd are in like manner admirable Remedies As for external Medicaments when the Burn is only superficial take Onions and unslack'd Lime quench'd in a Decoction of Rapes and apply this Liquor very hot with double Bolsters dipt therein Or else take what quantity you please of quick Lime well wash'd and pound it throughtly in a Leaden-Mortar with May-Butter without Salt to make an Ointment which may be be laid altogether liquid upon the affected Part Or else Take as much quick Lime as you can get up between your Fingers at two several times Milk-Cream and clarify'd Honey of each about half the like quantity let the whole be intermix'd to the Consistence of an Ointment and apply'd It is an approv'd Remedy as also is the following Take unslack'd Lime and put it into common Water so as the Water may appear four or five Finger's breadth above it After the Effervescence pour in Oil of Roses whereupon the whole Mass will be coagulated in form of Butter and may be apply'd A good Lotion or Washing-Liquor may be prepar'd with the Juice of Garlick and Onions in recent Burns otherwise make use of this Ointment Take an Ounce and an half of raw Onions Salt and Venice Soap of each half an Ounce mingle the whole Composition in a Mortar pouring upon it a sufficient quantity of Oil of Roses to make a very good Ointment Or else Dissolve Minium or Litharge in Venegar filtrate this Liquor and add thereto a quantity of Rape-Oil newly drawn off sufficient to give it the Consistence of a liquid Liniment then stir it about in a Leaden-Mortar till it become of a grey Colour and keep it for Use as an excellent Liniment Or else Pound Crey-Fishes or Crabs alive in a Mortar to get their Blood and foment the Part with it hot it is a good Remedy Otherwise intermix the pounded Crabs with May-Butter without Salt and let 'em be boil'd up together and scumm'd till a red Ointment be made which may be drawn off or strain'd for Use And indeed all manner of Ointments and other Medicinal Compositions wherein Crabs are an Ingredient are true specificks against Burns made by Gun-Powder The Mucilages of the Seeds of Psyllium or rather those of Quince-Seeds prepar'd with Frog's Sperm and a little Saccharum Saturni spread with a Feather upon the affected Part have a wonderful Operation in Burns A Medicament compounded with one third part of the Oil of Olives and two of the Whites of Eggs well beaten and mixt together is a very simple and singular Remedy Otherwise take half an Ounce of Line-seed-Oil infus'd in Rose-Water with four Yolks of Eggs beat 'em together and let the whole be apply'd to the burnt Part. If the Burn be very violent and hath many Pustules Etmullerus is of Opinion that they ought to be open'd and that an Ointment shou'd be apply'd which is made of Hen's-Dung boil'd in fresh Butter Otherwise Take a handful of fresh Sage-Leaves two handfuls of Plantane six Ounces of fresh Butter without Salt three Ounces of Pullet's-Dung newly voided and the whitest that can be found then fry the whole Composition for a quarter of an Hour squeeze it out and keep it for use Otherwise Take two Ounces of sweet Apples roasted under Embers Barly-Meal and Fenugreek of each half an Ounce and half a Scruple of Saffron let the whole Mass be mingled to make a Liniment or soft Cataplasm which may serve to asswage Pain and mollifie the Skin If the Wound be yet larger and hath a Scab open all the Pustules and endeavour the two first Days to cause the Escar to fall off by the Application of a Liniment made of the Mucilages of Quince-Seeds steept in Frog's-Sperm with fresh Butter the Oil of White Lillies and the Yolk of an Egg Otherwise Make a Liniment with fresh Butter well beaten in a Leaden-Mortar with a Decoction of Mallows which being spread upon hot Colewort-Leaves and apply'd to the Escar it will fall off But if the Escar be too hard and obstinate it is requisite to proceed to Incisions to make way for the Sanies lest a deep and putrid Ulcer shou'd be engender'd Underneath As soon as the Humour is evacuated the above-mention'd Emollient Medicines may be us'd till the separation of the Escar then the Ulcer may be consolidated with Digestives and Mundificatives such as the Ointment of quick Lime with Oil of Roses and the Yolks of Eggs. The white camphirated Ointments and that of Alabaster are also good for the same Purpose If a Gangrene ensueth Sudorificks must be taken inwardly such are camphirated Spirit of Treacle the Essence and Spirit of Elder-Berries the Spirit of Hart's-Horn with its own proper Salt Treacle impregnated with the Spirit of camphirated Wine Scorpion-Water Hart's-Horn Citron with Camphire c. As for external Remedies in the beginning of the Gangrene the Spirit of Wine apply'd hot is excellent and yet better if Aloes Frankincense and Myrrh be intermixt therein It ought also to be observ'd that Camphire must always be mingled in the topical Medicines for the Cure of the Gangrene A Decoction of unslack'd