Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
spirit_n	dead_a	life_n	quicken_v	5,491	5	10.4511	5	false

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A56300	A theatre of politicall flying-insects wherein especially the nature, the vvorth, the vvork, the wonder, and the manner of right-ordering of the bee, is discovered and described : together with discourses, historical, and observations physical concerning them : and in a second part are annexed meditations, and observations theological and moral, in three centuries upon that subject / by Samuel Purchas ...	Purchas, Samuel, 1577?-1626.	1657 (1657)	Wing P4224; ESTC R6282	278,822	394

to be chilled by earthly objects for our hearts are ponderous Multum traâ—it de terra de carne multum it weighs downward as the weights of a clocke move downward continually and if they be once at the ground the clock is silent they must pull it up againe every twelve houres or in such a certaine compasse they must wind them up And so in this case there must be courses of winding up holy affections if the fire be gone the fire be out revive it kindle it againe from heaven reinforce chase and warme your selves by the fire of prayer and other holy duties When the fire on the Altar was extinguished it was unlawfull to have it kindled but only by the meanes of heaven It must be the fire of heaven not any other fire that must revive us We must oft be renewing of our holy affections to keepe them vigorous and lively We must frequently excite and stirre up our selves when we begin to faynt we must rub and chase our affections and especially spread our chilled spirits before the Sunne of righteousnesse that he may with the heate and healing of his wings revive and quicken us XXVI The little worme or potentiall Bee after a short life of a few weekes stirres no more feeds no more but lies dead and entombed in the cell wherein it was bred but waite with patience a score of dayes and you shall see it revive and appeare a farre more noble creature then it was before What is this but an embleme of the resurrection Aarons rod which was a drie and withered stick in a night buds and blossomes and brings forth ripe Almonds For to every thing there is a season and a time to every purpose under heaven A time to die and a time to rise againe XXVII Bees can with ease and facility dart in their stings but they have no power to extract or draw them out againe hurt they can helpe or ease they cannot We are all naturally wise to doe evill but to doe good we have no understanding We are all as spring-locks shut we can of our selves but not open for our naturall powers as the Schooles speake are become naturales impotentiae And howsoever the sword of the Lord and the sword of Gideon may goe together yet the hand of Gideon or the sword in his hand or the edge on his sword is not able to pierce unlesse God give power non enim tam agimus quam a deo agimur saith Zanchie for man is not so properly said to doe good as to be compelled to doe it by the good Spirit of God XXVIII Robbing Bees will desperately adventure to spoyle and plunder their neighbours But if they find centinels before the ports to question them and a strong guard at the gates to oppose them and when they have with danger and difficultie passed through these numerous forses within stoutly charging the first assailants with their ruine and destruction The survivors will be weary and wary doubtfull and fearfull further to prosecute their treacherous designes For even naturally all brute creatures avoyd that place where they are sensible by a token that their fellowes have miscarried But how great the neglect of Gods judgements among men is appeares perhaps at first they are deeply affected with them but yet as a pang it is quickly overpast and as newes it soone growes out of date Pharaoh was no sooner quitted from one plague but presently his heart was hardened to draw on another The Israelites that were so affected flighted and frighted at the horrible end of Corah and his complices even the morrow after fall on Moses and Aaron and upbraid them for the losse of the people of God Many looke on others judgements as furnished with a supersedeas from all arrests and argue from their punishment how they have deserved without the least reflex upon their owne mutable condition XXIX As Bees are industrious to gather so what they diligently get they doe not carelesly and at randome disperse about the hive but discreetly and orderly beginning at the top and so downwards dispose it in their waxen cabinets and as soone as they be full of honey close them fast with a waxen lock both to prevent robbers and also to necessitate themselves to further labour as long as the season of gathering continues Many heare but the word heard profits them not because they are carelesse to treasure up the truths delivered they quickly forget such are like unto a man who beholds his naturall face in a glasse and goeth his way and forgetteth what manner of man he was But would we thrive under the meanes we must when we have heard and marked and understood the truth of duties delivered lay them up locke them closely and safely in our hearts as in a safe repositary we must commit good instructions to memory had we rich treasures we would not lay them up negligently but keepe them under locks and keyes barres and bolts why then should we let holy instructions slip out of our memories whereby all former labours as of the speaker so of the hearer is utterly frustrate XXX If the Bee lights upon a flower where there is no honey being wasted or gathered before she quickly gets off and flies away to another that will furnish her Let us not loose our selves and forget our errand our father Adam lost our happinesse and we are sent to seeke it seeke it where it is and goe handsomely to worke say I am not made for riches they are made for me I am not made for creatures they are made for me and I am their Master Therefore these cannot make me happie I am made for eternitie for everlasting life and happinesse Therefore let me study that mind that see that end beyond inferiour ends Why doe men seeke wealth but to be happie why pleasures why honours but because they would be happie If these cannot blesse and enhappie me why should I burne day-light why should I not off them as the Bee gets off the plants that yeild her no honey and once at last see where my businesse lies in pursuing happinesse and where my happinesse lies in Gods wayes the first step whereof is povertie of spirit XXXI When the wax is mollified and wrought warme then set the seale on it for it will receive the impression And when God hath any wayes mollified our hearts and made them in a mourning case close with him when we finde our selves any whit softened take the hint improve that opportunitie XXXII Bees are naturally harmlesse and patient creatures each in and for her owne particular will ordinarily receive any prejudice hurt or molestation and when they suffer are wondrous calme but neare the hive where the cause seemes to be publique and their common wealth to be endangered then they are marvelous hot and furious and notwithstanding the feircest opposition will resolutely charge all that stand in their way in the

others whether without the heart Without the head they are not sensible but live without the heart they are sensible but the heat quickly decayes and motion and life also Bees revive easily when they seem dead being brought to the Sun or fire the cause whereof is as before the diffusion of the vital spirits and the easie dilating of them by a little heat they stir therefore a good while after their heads are off and that they bee cut in peeces which as before is caused for that their vital spirits are more diffused throughout all their parts and less confined to organs than perfect creatures Augustins mentions the same with astonishment and wonder supposing that no reason can bee rendred for it but that it is a secret work of God left one soul should seem to bee divided into so many parts Aristotle saith that Insects are most like plants because they have many beginnings in their essence for as plants cut in peeces live so Insects for a time but plants more fully Bees when they flye lift themselves up thus they do when they arise from the Hive but they can flye forth-right without any visible elevation of themselves Aldrâ—mandus would give a reason for it because saith hee they want a taile and therefore continue not long in the aire But this by experience is found to bee otherwise and birds that have long tailes yet have a jumping motion in their flight as the Wagtaile When the Hives are full of Bees and well supplied with meat neither moths nor any other hurtful creature can much endanger them but when they are few and weak they easily miscarry by every adversary so that it is not a signe of a better sort of Bee as Aristotle delivers but onely of want of numbers or strength when they neglect their own preservation which sometimes they having formerly endeavoured and finding their labours frustrate they grow desperate and careless but though in number they bee but few and therefore their dangers many their provision little and therefore their fare poor and pinching yet will they not forsake their own Commonwealth to communicate of the wealth or strength of others but without repining rest contented yet by diligence endeavouring to improve their store and numbers But when they are so few that they cannot thrive alone they will with a general consent except their Generals to whom such a resolution is deadly sometimes joyn themselves to another Hive but alwayes with hazard often with destruction Bees delight to play abroad before the Hive flying in and out as thick as if they were fighting or swarming in breeding time once a day usually if it bee fair weather and ordinarily at a set time each Hive observing the same hour of the day if it bee fair and then they will expatiate and dance the Hay in circling motions and surrounding Vagaries and at other times when they have been long shut up with cold or closer weather the first fair day they will thus abroad both to recreate themselves and also to ease their bodies for they evacuate for the most part flying CHAP. VI. Bees Politicks Ethicks and Economicks ONe drop of water hath no power one spark of fire is not strong but the gathering together of waters called Seas and the communion of many flames do make both raging and invincible elements And una Apis nulla Apis one Bee is no Bee but a multitude a swarm of Bees uniting their forces together is very profitable very comfortable very terrible profitable to their owners comfortable to themselves terrible to their enemies Bees are political creatures and destinate all their actions to one common end they have one common habitation one common work all work for all and one common care and love towards all their young and that under one Commander who is not an elected Governour for the vulgar often want judgement raising the worst and wickedest to the Throne nor hath hee his power by lot for the chances of lots are absurd and ridiculous conferring command often upon the meanest Nor is hee by hereditary succession placed in the Throne for often through pleasures and flatteries are they rude and ignorant of true vertue but by nature hath hee the Sovereignty over all excelling all in goodliness and goodness in mildness and majesty They have all the same common laws and with common care observe them all and have one common bond not to have any thing lawful for one which is not lawful for another but whatsoever is lawful is lawful for all And they have one common respect and reverence to their Commander by whose counsel their Commonwealth is governed a common house a common care of posterity common labour common food common generation a common use and fruition of all things A Bee like a man cannot live alone if shee be alone shee dies As in the Fable of Menenius Agrippa the whole body soon perished when the rest of the members to ease themselves wronged the belly so the whole Commonwealth of Bees will quickly bee dissolved if they labour each Bee for her self and neglect the publick Nay the Drones though they bee idle yet are usefull instruments for the good and preservation of the Commonwealth The Polity of Bees is admirable and imitable Plato and Cicero after a divers manner prescribed the form of a Common-wealth one how it ought to bee the other how it was of old but both lay down this as a maxime that a civil life should imitate nature which is the best instructer But what is Natures lesson the irrational creatures best express and chiefly Bees and therefore Plutarch sends his Trojane to Virgil that hee might borrow a civil life from the Bees For a civil man by natures rule is alwayes chiefe of the City as the Commander among the Bees And again hee saith Bees conserve community unto their last for no man ever saw a Bee degenerate into a Drone which some require of Civil Governours that the vigour of their age being past they should live idle at home Great spirits degenerate noâ— They express if not great reverence yet I am sure great love to their Commander without whom they will bee they will do nothing and with whom they will bee any thing go any whither stay any where bee content with any thing The Poet elegantly thus writes Besides not Egypt nor rich Lydiaâ—â—re â—â—re Nor Medes nor Parthianâ— do their King adore Whilst bee's alive in concord all obey But when bee dyes all leagues are broke and they Themselves destroy their gathered food at home And reâ—d the fabrick of their Honey-combe 'T is bee preserves their works him all admire And guard his person with a strong desire They carry him for him they bazzard death And think in War they nobly lose their breath Xantippus therefore the Lacedemonian being General of the Carthaginianâ— said Hee had rather serve under the Commander of the Bees than

is not a proper work of the nostrils but creatures breathe partly by the nostrils partly by the mouth But it is further objected wee see no lungs I answer in fowls the lungs are small and but like a membrane surely then in such small flying creatures as Bees they are not visible But to conclude they have no lungs because wee see none were but a weak arguing In some creatures denied to breathe we see them and perhaps with a good multiplying glass might see in these by the same reason wee might deny they hear or smell because wee see no organs as before whereby they perform it and yet nothing is more certain That Bees breathe Mr. Butler affirms but it was a question hee disputed not but relating how after they have been dead a whole day being chilled wiâ—h cold although saith hee they be quite dead without sense motion and breath you may if you bee disposed revive them with the warmth of your hand but look to your selves for many when they begin to revive will ingratefully sting And this their reviving cannot but almost seem a miracle unto you for presently their spirits returning you shall see them begin to pant and breathe and anon they will flye away as lusty as the best But to come to arguments That Bees breathe is evident by their panting and palpitation I mean not when they are in the condition of prisoners and violently held or detained for with Scaliger I acknowledge that Bees or flyts captivated palpitation is not breathing but a striving to escape Bees when they return from their work are often so weary as men out of breath that they are necessitated to rest themselves near the Hive untill they have recollected their spirits and gotten by a little rest new strength at first panting more quick and short but by and by fetching as it were a longer breath untill at last they pant little if at all Secondly It appears by their swearing at the Hive-door a moist vapour is visible at the door of a good Hive in the morning sometimes in drops of water As Bears in Russia while they sleep in Winter yet are found by the Hunters by the dissolved snow turned into isycles on the boughs of the trees under which they lye caused by their continued breathing Thirdly because if a full Hive bee close shut up that no aire enters they will quickly bee suffocated and dye whereas indeed isâ— there be but few Bees they will continue the longer enclosed a circum-ambient aire in the mean time refrigerating and cooling them Fourthly if you stop their throats Aristotle acknowledgeth they will bee strangled Fifthly when they are chilled with cold lay them in the warm Sun or near a fire or if you dare venture hold them in your hand and you shall see them begin first a little to stir then to pant and the longer more strongly untill they remit it by degrees as they recover life But I trifle out the time to prove by arguments to the ear a thing to visible to the eye Hold your hand near to the mouth of a full Hive and that in the night when they are supposed to sleep and not to stir and you shall feel a cool aire come from them Nay hold a feather and you shall see it fly to and fro as if it would be blown away Some affirm that insects have no blood because they have to heart nor liver Pliny was of opinion that though they had no blood yeâ— somewhat analogous or equivalent for whatsoever is the vital humor is its blood Learned Doctor Harâ—y in his anatomical lectures openly affirmed that Bees have a heart I heard him which also hee hath since published although Dr. Primrose will scarce acknowledge it pretending his weak eye-sight but this being asserted and confirmed by such undeniable experience I readily subscribe they have a heart and therefore a liver and therefore blood for the heart is the fountain of blood and hath first blood and Creatures which have blood have a lâ—ver Aldrovandus citing Aristotle saith all creatures have both a heart and also a liver one for the Original of heat and the other for the concocting of their meat And again citing Aristotle de partibus animalium lib. 3. hee hath these words corde cavens nuâ—â—um animal unquam orâ—um est No Creature was ever produced without a heart and there is good reason for this assertion seeing the heart in Aristotles judgement is the Original of life heat blood sense and motion and nature doth suppeditate breathing or refrigeration for the benefit or cooling of the heat in the heart All Creatures which have blood have a heart and why not all Creatures which have a heart have blood but in little creatures the blood is so obscure that it cannot bee seen as in greater but onely in the heart not alwaies there because of the thinnesse of the blood and the veins are so little and small that they can scarce if at all bee perceived but the heart is the beginning of the veins and the Original and fountain of blood and as hee saith the beginning of sense for living creatures have the beginning of sense where they have the beginning of motion But yet notwithstanding all this the liver and the heart is so farre from being the author and fountain of blood which yet Aristitle and all Physitians affirm thâ—r the contrary plainly appears in the fabrick of the Chicken in the egg namely that the blood is the mother of the heart and the liver which Paystrians seem to confesse unawares when they determine the Parenchyma of the Liver to bee a certain flowing of blood as â—f nothing else were there but coagulated blood and that the heart saith hee is not the author of blood appears because his substance or parenchyma is produced sometimes after the blood and is super added to the beating vesicles Now seeing it is so apparent that Bees have a heart then it must follow necessarily that they must have lungs also which Aldrovandus grants that these receiving and returning aire may refrigerate the heart now the lungs receive the Original of their motion from the heart and with his fulnesse and emptiness as it is contracted and enlarged makes way for the egresse or ingresse of air when it is lifted up the air comes in and when it is contracted it goeth forth That some insects have lungs Aristotle doth implicitely grant for hee saith pulmones habent quae in lucem faeâ—um jam conceptum profeâ—unt such creatures have lungs which bring forth a living creature conceived in them Now that some insectâ— do so is undeniable Scaliger affirms it of a certain sort of flie of which wee spake before and it shall bee further confirmed by a discourse of the claw-tailed humble Bee when wee speak of Humble Bees CHAP. XVIII Of Bees temperature Sleep Age. ARistotle affirms most insects to

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