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through_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n but_o that_o the_o air_n within_o the_o vial_n high_o refrigerated_a by_o the_o mixture_n do_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o free_a intercourse_n enable_v the_o air_n contiguous_a to_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vial_n to_o freeze_v the_o dew_n it_o meet_v with_o stick_v on_o it_o we_o prosecute_v the_o experiment_n with_o the_o addition_n of_o this_o circumstance_n that_o on_o several_a occasion_n we_o seal_v up_o the_o vial_n that_o contain_v the_o 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o other_o frigorifick_a body_n it_o be_v mix_v with_o and_o afterward_o by_o the_o help_n of_o this_o mixture_n freeze_v the_o external_o adhere_v moisture_n 8._o have_v then_o according_a to_o this_o way_n substitute_v spirit_n of_o nitre_n for_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n or_o spirit_n of_o salt_n we_o find_v that_o it_o freeze_v yet_o more_o powerful_o then_o either_o of_o those_o two_o liquor_n and_o continue_v to_o do_v so_o in_o those_o part_n of_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n that_o be_v adjacent_a to_o the_o include_v snow_n till_o that_o snow_n be_v almost_o total_o resolve_v into_o a_o liquor_n this_o we_o try_v both_o in_o a_o thin_a seal_a glass_n and_o in_o a_o pretty_a thick_a glass_n stop_v only_o with_o a_o cork_n 9_o afterward_o we_o successful_o enough_o try_v the_o experiment_n with_o spirit_n less_o acid_a as_o not_o only_o with_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n but_o with_o spirit_n of_o sugar_n i_o mean_v the_o red_a empyreumatical_a spirit_n force_v over_o in_o a_o retort_n which_o mix_v with_o snow_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o experiment_n do_v at_o length_n freeze_v the_o external_o adhere_v moisture_n but_o the_o film_n of_o ice_n be_v very_o thin_a and_o very_o apt_a quick_o to_o disappear_v 10._o have_v thus_o make_v a_o number_n of_o trial_n with_o acid_a spirit_n we_o think_v fit_a to_o make_v some_o with_o urinous_a spirit_n that_o abound_v in_o volatile_a salt_n and_o according_o have_v mix_v spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o snow_n in_o a_o open_a vial_n and_o agitate_a they_o we_o find_v that_o the_o external_a moisture_n do_v discernable_o though_o not_o very_o strong_o freeze_v but_o with_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a draw_v from_o quick_a lime_n according_a to_o the_o way_n i_o have_v deliver_v in_o another_o treatise_n the_o operation_n be_v quick_a and_o powerful_a enough_o 11._o have_v try_v to_o freeze_v water_n with_o acid_n and_o with_o volatile_a spirit_n 〈◊〉_d we_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o try_v what_o they_o will_v do_v both_o together_o and_o according_o pour_v upon_o snow_n both_o some_o spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o a_o little_a oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o shake_v they_o into_o the_o snow_n in_o a_o open_a vial_n we_o find_v that_o the_o mixture_n do_v freeze_v though_o the_o glaciation_n in_o this_o case_n produce_v be_v very_o languid_a 12._o have_v thus_o try_v salt_n disengage_v from_o their_o grosser_n part_n or_o shatter_v into_o corpuscle_n by_o distillation_n we_o make_v some_o trial_n likewise_o with_o grosser_n salt_n as_o with_o sal_fw-la gem_n with_o a_o sublimate_n make_v with_o common_a sublimate_n and_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a nay_o and_o with_o both_o 〈◊〉_d and_o kitchen_n sugar_n with_o all_o which_o among_o 〈◊〉_d like_o body_n that_o i_o can_v now_o remember_v the_o experiment_n succeed_v well_o enough_o also_o a_o very_a strong_a solution_n of_o pot-ash_n mix_v with_o snow_n in_o a_o open_a single_a vial_n do_v freeze_v but_o that_o very_o faint_o and_o both_o a_o very_a strong_a solution_n of_o very_a pure_a salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o at_o another_o time_n a_o strong_a solution_n of_o pot-ash_n be_v the_o one_o as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o mix_v and_o agitate_a with_o snow_n in_o a_o single_a vial_n produce_v film_n of_o ice_n though_o thin_a one_o on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n 13._o after_o this_o we_o think_v fit_a to_o make_v a_o trial_n of_o another_o kind_n of_o which_o i_o find_v this_o account_n among_o my_o note_n we_o fill_v a_o single_a vial_n with_o snow_n and_o then_o pour_v into_o it_o a_o convenient_a proportion_n of_o a_o strong_o sweet_a solution_n of_o minium_n in_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o have_v shake_v the_o mixture_n together_o we_o find_v that_o this_o sweet_a sugar_n of_o lead_n do_v as_o well_o as_o acid_n and_o alcalizate_a salt_n excite_v the_o cold_a of_o the_o snow_n so_o much_o as_o to_o produce_v film_n of_o ice_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n but_o a_o parcel_n of_o the_o same_o solution_n be_v for_o divers_a hour_n keep_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n be_v not_o thereby_o freeze_v in_o order_n to_o the_o discovery_n of_o some_o hint_n of_o the_o account_n upon_o which_o the_o above_o mention_v mixture_n be_v more_o intense_o frigefactive_a than_o snow_n alone_o we_o seal_v up_o a_o single_a vial_n full_a of_o snow_n unmingled_a with_o any_o other_o ingredient_n and_o find_v it_o to_o thaw_v much_o more_o slow_o than_o any_o of_o those_o parcel_n of_o snow_n which_o we_o have_v mix_v with_o salt_n or_o spirit_n in_o prosecution_n of_o this_o conjecture_n we_o shall_v add_v that_o for_o aught_o we_o can_v find_v by_o divers_a trial_n no_o salt_n that_o help_v not_o the_o snow_n to_o dissolve_v fast_o than_o else_o it_o will_v do_v enable_v it_o to_o produce_v ice_n though_o usual_o it_o do_v produce_v dew_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vial_n that_o contain_v the_o mixture_n and_o according_o neither_o crystal_n of_o tartar_n nor_o borax_n both_o beat_v to_o powder_n nor_o which_o be_v more_o consider_v what_o we_o late_o note_v of_o the_o effect_n of_o another_o sort_n of_o sublimate_n will_v sublimate_n enable_v the_o snow_n to_o freeze_v as_o well_o the_o powder_n of_o sublimate_n as_o that_o of_o borax_n and_o that_o of_o tartar_n lie_v for_o a_o great_a while_n in_o the_o snow_n undissolve_v 14._o belong_v to_o this_o matter_n i_o find_v among_o my_o paper_n also_o this_o note_n water_n of_o quick_a lime_n make_v by_o quench_v store_n of_o unslake_v lime_n in_o common_a water_n twice_o try_v will_v not_o make_v snow_n freeze_v perhaps_o because_o though_o the_o water_n be_v keep_v stop_v yet_o the_o liquor_n have_v be_v keep_v in_o the_o glass_n a_o twelvemonth_n and_o more_o probable_o the_o spirit_n may_v have_v fly_v away_o which_o i_o find_v by_o inquire_v of_o one_o that_o drink_v much_o limewater_n that_o it_o abound_v with_o when_o fresh_a and_o grow_v destitute_a of_o a_o while_n after_o and_o possible_o also_o the_o badness_n of_o the_o lime_n be_v the_o cause_n why_o be_v mingle_v with_o snow_n it_o will_v not_o freeze_v though_o all_o the_o vial_n that_o do_v not_o freeze_v do_v yet_o gather_v store_n of_o dew_n on_o the_o outside_n perhaps_o because_o of_o the_o snow_n who_o melt_v alone_o may_v suffice_v to_o produce_v that_o effect_n 15._o it_o may_v seem_v somewhat_o more_o strange_a that_o distil_a oil_n of_o turpentine_n which_o be_v so_o hot_a and_o fiery_a a_o liquor_n shall_v not_o enable_v snow_n to_o freeze_v but_o this_o agree_v not_o ill_a with_o the_o conjecture_n late_o mention_v for_o it_o will_v hereafter_o appear_v that_o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n ice_n dissolve_v slow_a than_o in_o divers_a other_o liquor_n without_o except_v common_a water_n itself_o 16._o and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o bad_a success_n of_o this_o trial_n we_o be_v not_o discourage_v from_o make_v another_o with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n for_o though_o according_a to_o the_o common_a opinion_n of_o chemist_n and_o physician_n it_o be_v a_o mere_a vegetable_a sulphur_n yet_o we_o that_o have_v elsewhere_o venture_v to_o ascribe_v some_o such_o operation_n to_o it_o as_o chemist_n will_v have_v belong_v to_o saline_n liquor_n do_v not_o scruple_n to_o seal_v up_o in_o a_o single_a vial_n almost_o fill_v with_o snow_n a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o pure_a spirit_n of_o wine_n draw_v off_o from_o quick_a lime_n the_o better_a to_o dephlegm_n it_o and_o of_o this_o mixture_n we_o find_v the_o operation_n more_o powerful_a than_o any_o of_o those_o we_o have_v former_o mention_v for_o the_o freeze_a virtue_n of_o this_o do_v not_o only_o last_v long_o both_o in_o the_o seal_v single_a vial_n and_o in_o another_o that_o be_v open_a but_o the_o enclose_a mixture_n present_o crust_v the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n or_o of_o the_o neck_n if_o it_o be_v make_v to_o fill_v that_o with_o ice_n which_o may_v be_v take_v off_o in_o flake_n of_o good_a breadth_n or_o in_o piece_n of_o good_a thickness_n nay_o it_o present_o freeze_v urine_n into_o figure_v ice_n which_o may_v be_v take_v off_o in_o scale_n 17._o this_o last_o circumstance_n put_v i_o in_o mind_n of_o another_o experiment_n whereby_o we_o try_v by_o a_o vigorous_a mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o some_o choice_a spirit_n of_o nitre_n we_o have_v meet_v with_o
to_o freeze_v liquor_n of_o more_o difficult_a conglaciation_n then_o fair_a water_n we_o take_v then_o some_o snow_n and_o mingle_v with_o it_o some_o of_o the_o new_o mention_v spirit_n of_o nitre_n in_o so_o lucky_o a_o proportion_n that_o it_o freeze_v very_o vigorous_o and_o very_o sudden_o insomuch_o that_o once_o almost_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v set_v to_o the_o ground_n it_o freeze_v the_o vial_n to_o the_o floor_n it_o be_v set_v on_o and_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n that_o contain_v this_o mixture_n we_o wet_v with_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n which_o be_v freeze_v into_o pretty_a thick_a ice_n but_o yet_o not_o quite_o to_o forget_v that_o circumstance_n retain_v the_o salt_n taste_v of_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o though_o this_o mixture_n will_v not_o discernable_o freeze_v spirit_n of_o nitre_n on_o the_o outside_n yet_o it_o transmit_v cold_a enough_o to_o freeze_v weak_a spirit_n of_o salt_n and_o to_o give_v we_o the_o pleasure_n of_o see_v some_o saline_n liquor_n present_o turn_v into_o figure_v ice_n as_o not_o only_o the_o last_o mention_v spirit_n exhibit_v some_o little_a as_o it_o be_v saline_n iceikles_n cross_v each_o other_o and_o quick_o vanish_v but_o which_o be_v far_o pretty_a have_v often_o observe_v that_o shall_v ammoniac_a be_v dissolve_v in_o water_n and_o the_o solution_n be_v put_v very_o slow_o to_o evaporate_v in_o part_n but_o not_o too_o much_o away_o the_o remain_a liquor_n will_v in_o the_o cold_a shoot_n into_o parcel_n ofsalt_n very_o pretty_o figure_v some_o of_o they_o resemble_v comb_n with_o tooth_n on_o both_o side_n and_o other_o resemble_v feather_n have_v observe_v this_o i_o say_v and_o be_v desirous_a to_o try_v whether_o the_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a distil_v by_o the_o help_n of_o quick_a lime_n be_v put_v to_o congeal_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o a_o glass_n will_v not_o afford_v a_o resemble_o figure_v ice_n we_o find_v upon_o trial_n both_o that_o the_o mixture_n be_v able_a to_o freeze_v that_o subtle_a spirit_n and_o also_o that_o it_o shoot_v into_o branch_n almost_o like_o those_o exhibit_v by_o such_o salt_n undistil_v and_o it_o be_v not_o unpleasant_a to_o behold_v how_o upon_o the_o incline_v the_o glass_n so_o that_o the_o freeze_a mixture_n rest_v a_o little_a near_o any_o part_n of_o the_o spirit_n this_o liquor_n will_v shoot_v into_o such_o branch_n as_o we_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o so_o nimble_o that_o the_o eye_n can_v plain_o discern_v they_o as_o it_o be_v to_o grow_v and_o hasty_o overspread_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o glass_n but_o those_o branch_n be_v wont_n quick_o to_o vanish_v i_o have_v almost_o forget_v to_o mention_v that_o i_o try_v the_o freeze_a with_o snow_n and_o divers_a fermented_a liquor_n undistil_v instead_o of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o though_o the_o experiment_n succeed_v not_o with_o small_a beer_n much_o less_o with_o water_n yet_o there_o be_v a_o glaciation_n though_o but_o slight_a produce_v not_o only_o by_o the_o addition_n of_o wine_n but_o even_o by_o that_o of_o moderate_o strong_a ale_n 18._o have_v observe_v that_o the_o liquor_n and_o other_o body_n that_o assist_v the_o snow_n to_o freeze_v be_v general_o such_o as_o hasten_v its_o dissolution_n we_o think_v it_o not_o altogether_o unworthy_a the_o trial_n to_o examine_v what_o will_v be_v the_o event_n of_o procure_v a_o speedy_a dissolution_n of_o the_o snow_n by_o substitute_v body_n actual_o warm_a instead_o of_o potential_a hot_a one_o of_o this_o sort_n of_o trial_n i_o find_v among_o my_o note_n these_o two_o register_v 1._o into_o a_o single_a vial_n almost_o fill_v with_o snow_n there_o be_v pour_v a_o pretty_a quantity_n of_o well_o heat_a sand_n that_o it_o may_v dissolve_v the_o snow_n in_o many_o place_n at_o once_o without_o heat_n the_o ambient_fw-la air_n or_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n but_o though_o the_o solution_n of_o the_o snow_n seem_v to_o succeed_v well_o enough_o upon_o the_o shake_n of_o the_o vessel_n yet_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v only_o bedew_v not_o freeze_v 2._o into_o another_o single_a vial_n almost_o fill_v with_o snow_n we_o pour_v some_o water_n which_o we_o judge_v of_o a_o convenient_a warmth_n and_o we_o pour_v it_o in_o by_o a_o funnel_n that_o have_v but_o a_o slender_a orifice_n beneath_o that_o the_o warm_a water_n may_v fall_v into_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o snow_n without_o run_v to_o the_o side_n and_o take_v a_o convenient_a time_n to_o shake_v the_o glass_n we_o do_v by_o this_o way_n produce_v a_o very_a considerable_a degree_n of_o cold_a and_o much_o dew_n on_o the_o outside_n but_o be_v not_o satisfy_v that_o any_o of_o that_o dew_n be_v freeze_v though_o the_o success_n will_v have_v invite_v we_o to_o have_v make_v further_a trial_n in_o great_a glass_n if_o we_o have_v have_v any_o more_o snow_n at_o hand_n wherefore_o this_o experiment_n be_v to_o be_v further_o and_o more_o artificial_o try_v 19_o it_o be_v a_o common_a tradition_n not_o only_o among_o the_o vulgar_a but_o i_o presume_v upon_o their_o account_n among_o learned_a man_n that_o the_o oftentimes_o various_o and_o sometime_o pretty_o enough_o figure_v hoar_a frost_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o appear_v upon_o glass_n window_n in_o morning_n precede_v by_o frosty_a night_n be_v exsudation_n as_o it_o be_v that_o penetrate_v the_o glass-window_n be_v upon_o their_o come_n forth_o to_o the_o cold_a external_a air_n freeze_v thereby_o into_o various_o figure_v ice_n how_o groundless_a this_o conceit_n be_v may_v be_v easy_o discover_v if_o man_n have_v not_o so_o lazy_a a_o curiosity_n as_o not_o to_o try_v which_o they_o may_v do_v in_o a_o moment_n and_o without_o trouble_n whether_o the_o ice_n be_v according_a to_o the_o tradition_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o window_n and_o not_o contrary_a to_o it_o on_o the_o inside_n where_o indeed_o it_o be_v generate_v of_o the_o aqueous_a corpuscle_n that_o swim_v up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o air_n within_o the_o room_n be_v by_o the_o various_a motion_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o part_n of_o fluid_a body_n as_o such_o bring_v to_o pass_v along_o the_o window_n and_o there_o by_o the_o vehement_a cold_a of_o the_o neighbour_a external_a air_n communicate_v through_o the_o glass_n condense_v into_o dew_n and_o freeze_v into_o ice_n 20._o and_o because_o divers_a modern_a naturalist_n have_v teach_v i_o think_v erroneous_o that_o glass_n be_v easy_o enough_o pervious_a not_o only_o to_o air_n but_o to_o divers_a subtle_a liquor_n lest_o the_o favourer_n of_o this_o doctrine_n shall_v object_v that_o we_o have_v ill_o assign_v the_o natural_a cause_n of_o the_o ice_n appear_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n in_o the_o former_a experiment_n which_o according_a to_o they_o may_v rather_o proceed_v from_o the_o subtle_a but_o yet_o visible_a part_n of_o the_o excessive_o cold_a mixture_n of_o the_o snow_n and_o saline_a body_n penetrate_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o settle_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o to_o obviate_v this_o objection_n i_o say_v and_o to_o confirm_v what_o we_o have_v teach_v in_o another_o treatise_n about_o the_o wander_a of_o store_n of_o aqueous_a vapour_n through_o the_o air_n we_o will_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n purposely_o make_v to_o evince_v these_o truth_n 21._o at_o one_o time_n four_o ounce_n and_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o vial_n and_o thereby_o enable_v to_o condense_a the_o vapour_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n be_v by_o their_o accession_n increase_v 12._o grain_n another_o time_n a_o vial_n wherein_o snow_n weigh_v two_o ounce_n six_o drachm_n and_o a_o half_a be_v suffer_v to_o condense_a the_o vapid_a air_n the_o dew_n that_o partly_o adhered_a to_o it_o and_o partly_o fall_v from_o it_o make_v the_o whole_a weigh_v four_o grain_n more_o than_o the_o vial_n do_v when_o it_o be_v first_o put_v into_o the_o scale_n in_o which_o scale_n we_o find_v some_o water_n flow_v from_o the_o dew_n which_o give_v that_o increase_n of_o weight_n and_o here_o let_v i_o add_v by_o the_o way_n that_o the_o tip_n of_o this_o seal_a vial_n be_v break_v under_o water_n suck_v in_o a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o it_o whether_o because_o of_o some_o little_a rarefaction_n of_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o seal_n or_o because_o of_o the_o infrigidation_n of_o that_o air_n by_o the_o snow_n or_o for_o both_o these_o reason_n or_o any_o other_o i_o shall_v not_o now_o dispute_v 22._o but_o other_o experiment_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n we_o make_v wherein_o the_o increase_n of_o weight_n be_v more_o considerable_a and_o that_o the_o way_n we_o use_v may_v be_v the_o better_o understand_v and_o the_o conclusion_n build_v upon_o it_o the_o more_o undiscuss_v we_o will_v add_v a_o couple_n
in_o 〈◊〉_d he_o answer_v i_o that_o it_o do_v there_o freeze_v much_o hard_a than_o in_o our_o climate_n but_o will_v not_o that_o 〈◊〉_d have_v observe_v be_v turn_v into_o true_a &_o perfect_a ice_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n i_o find_v the_o testimony_n of_o that_o ingenious_a navigator_n captain_n t._n james_n who_o relate_v the_o effect_n of_o cold_a he_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o island_n where_o he_o and_o his_o man_n be_v force_v to_o winter_n do_v in_o one_o place_n reckon_v oil_n among_o the_o liquor_n such_o as_o vinegar_n and_o sack_n that_o even_o in_o their_o house_n be_v firm_o freeze_v and_o more_o express_o elsewhere_o all_o our_o sack_n say_v he_o 58._o vinegar_n oil_n and_o every_o thing_n else_o that_o be_v liquid_a be_v now_o freeze_v as_o hard_o as_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n and_o we_o must_v cut_v it_o with_o a_o hatchet_n and_o olaus_n magnus_n speak_v of_o the_o fight_n wont_a to_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o ice_n in_o the_o northern_a region_n glacialis_fw-la 24._o congressus_fw-la say_v he_o fit_a in_o laneis_fw-la calcibus_fw-la non_fw-la pellibus_fw-la aut_fw-la coriis_fw-la unctis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d enim_fw-la frigoris_fw-la quodcunque_fw-la sit_fw-la unctuosum_fw-la convertit_fw-la in_o lubricitatem_fw-la glacialem_fw-la there_o be_v a_o great_a similitude_n in_o point_n of_o inflammability_n and_o disposition_n to_o mix_v with_o many_o subtle_a oleous_a body_n betwixt_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o oil_n and_o as_o great_a a_o affinity_n in_o divers_a other_o regard_v betwixt_o that_o spirit_n and_o both_o aqueous_a and_o saline_a liquor_n with_o which_o it_o will_v ready_o mix_v i_o have_v a_o great_a curiosity_n to_o know_v what_o kind_n of_o change_n will_v be_v produce_v in_o vinous_a spirit_n in_o case_n they_o be_v expose_v to_o a_o cold_a great_a enough_o to_o work_v a_o visible_a change_n in_o their_o texture_n i_o therefore_o solicitous_o inquire_v of_o the_o russian_a emperor_n late_o mention_v physician_n whether_o or_o no_o he_o have_v 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such_o a_o application_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n as_o serve_v to_o freeze_v other_o body_n 2._o of_o this_o sort_n be_v among_o acid_a menstruum_n aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la spirit_n of_o nitre_n of_o salt_n also_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o almost_o all_o i_o add_v the_o word_n almost_o because_o the_o essential_a oil_n of_o aniseed_n and_o the_o empireumatical_a oil_n of_o common_a oil_n will_v lose_v their_o fluidity_n in_o a_o less_o degree_n of_o cold_a then_o that_o of_o our_o mild_a frost_n i_o say_v almost_o all_o the_o chemical_a oil_n we_o have_v by_o we_o as_o likewise_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o other_o strong_a spirit_n of_o fermented_a liquor_n and_o even_o 〈◊〉_d itself_o if_o it_o be_v good_a will_v very_o hardly_o be_v bring_v to_o afford_v we_o any_o ice_n at_o all_o but_o among_o the_o many_o liquor_n that_o will_v not_o freeze_v there_o be_v a_o few_o who_o trial_n afford_v we_o some_o circumstance_n not_o altogether_o unworthy_a their_o be_v mention_v as_o 1._o i_o be_v desirous_a to_o satisfy_v some_o friend_n that_o it_o be_v the_o brisk_a spirit_n of_o the_o grape_n whether_o result_v from_o or_o extricate_v and_o exalt_v by_o fermentation_n that_o keep_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o sack_n from_o freeze_a i_o take_v a_o parcel_n of_o that_o liquor_n that_o will_v afford_v we_o no_o ice_n at_o all_o and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o light_a candle_n or_o some_o other_o actual_o flame_a body_n kindle_v it_o and_o let_v the_o inflammable_a part_n burn_v away_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o the_o liquor_n which_o be_v by_o vast_a odds_o the_o great_a part_n be_v easy_o bring_v to_o freeze_v next_o when_o the_o former_o mention_v trial_n be_v make_v with_o water_n and_o pot-ash_n we_o likewise_o in_o another_o glass_n expose_v a_o solution_n wherein_o the_o proportion_n of_o salt_n of_o 〈◊〉_d in_o reference_n to_o the_o water_n be_v four_o time_n great_a there_o be_v in_o this_o zij_fw-la of_o the_o salt_n to_o 〈◊〉_d only_o of_o water_n and_o this_o solution_n though_o the_o glass_n be_v cover_v with_o hoar_a frost_n and_o ice_n on_o the_o outside_n freeze_v not_o at_o all_o within_o and_o likewise_o when_o another_o time_n we_o make_v a_o very_a strong_a solution_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n that_o be_v very_o pure_a and_o fiery_a it_o do_v not_o freeze_v though_o a_o considerable_o strong_a solution_n of_o salt_n of_o pot-ash_n that_o be_v expose_v with_o it_o do_v so_o that_o these_o experiment_n about_o the_o glaciation_n of_o lixiviate_v liquor_n must_v be_v repeat_v to_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o certainty_n 3._o that_o the_o common_a express_a oil_n of_o vegetable_n will_v after_o their_o manner_n freeze_v that_o be_v lose_v their_o fluidity_n and_o become_v as_o it_o be_v curdle_v in_o very_o cold_a weather_n be_v a_o 〈◊〉_d of_o common_a observation_n but_o i_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o try_v whether_o or_o no_o train_n oil_n that_o be_v make_v of_o the_o fat_a of_o animal_n common_o that_o of_o whale_n though_o not_o by_o 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water_n we_o will_v easy_o be_v more_o certain_a of_o then_o if_o we_o have_v employ_v spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o this_o oil_n itself_o we_o rectify_v in_o a_o gentle_a heat_n to_o make_v it_o the_o more_o pure_a and_o subtle_a then_o we_o take_v a_o small_a round_a vessel_n of_o clear_a glass_n furnish_v with_o a_o convenient_o long_a stem_n or_o pipe_n and_o have_v first_o weigh_v the_o glass_n alone_o in_o a_o pair_n of_o very_o good_a scale_n we_o find_v it_o to_o weigh_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 56_o ½_o gr_n then_o put_v in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n till_o it_o fill_v the_o round_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o ascend_v a_o little_a way_n into_o the_o stem_n we_o careful_o mark_v with_o a_o diamond_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n how_o high_a it_o reach_v and_o then_o weigh_v the_o glass_n and_o the_o oil_n together_o which_o weigh_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 34_o ½_o gr_n than_o we_o put_v in_o by_o degree_n a_o quarter_n of_o a_o drachm_n and_o with_o a_o diamond_n careful_o mark_v 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and_o last_o have_v deduct_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o glass_n from_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a oil_n and_o glass_n to_o obtain_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o oil_n alone_o and_o have_v divide_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a oil_n first_o by_o that_o of_o the_o former_a parcel_n we_o have_v mention_v to_o be_v ten_o grain_n and_o then_o by_o the_o superadded_a weight_n of_o the_o second_o parcel_n we_o take_v out_o both_o which_o parcel_n together_o we_o estimate_v at_o twenty_o grain_n we_o find_v that_o rectify_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n of_o a_o moderate_a temper_n be_v expose_v to_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o cold_a as_o will_v freeze_v common_a water_n do_v by_o by_o shrink_v lose_v but_o about_o a_o ninty_n four_o part_n of_o its_o bulk_n and_o be_v reduce_v to_o as_o great_a a_o degree_n of_o cold_a as_o we_o can_v bring_v it_o to_o by_o snow_n and_o salt_n even_o than_o it_o lose_v but_o about_o a_o forty_o seven_o part_n of_o its_o bulk_n i_o say_v about_o because_o i_o think_v it_o needless_a as_o well_o as_o tedious_a to_o mind_n fraction_n and_o little_a odd_a number_n especial_o since_o as_o we_o former_o intimate_v it_o be_v scarce_o possible_a to_o arrive_v at_o a_o great_a exactness_n in_o such_o a_o neck_n as_o that_o of_o our_o bolt-head_n though_o it_o be_v proportionable_a enough_o to_o the_o ball_n and_o choose_v among_o several_a that_o be_v purposely_o procure_v for_o the_o try_v of_o experiment_n 8._o there_o be_v some_o other_o trial_n about_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a which_o for_o want_v of_o ice_n and_o other_o accommodation_n we_o can_v not_o make_v as_o we_o will_v have_v do_v often_o nor_o shall_v scarce_o be_v able_a to_o do_v it_o till_o more_o friendly_a circumstance_n afford_v we_o a_o opportunity_n and_o yet_o because_o our_o trial_n though_o not_o prosecute_v as_o far_o as_o we_o think_v may_v possible_o prove_v not_o unwelcome_a we_o will_v subjoin_v something_o about_o two_o of_o the_o chief_a of_o they_o 9_o the_o one_o be_v design_v to_o measure_v in_o what_o proportion_n water_n of_o a_o moderate_a degree_n of_o coldness_n will_v be_v make_v to_o shrink_v by_o the_o circumposition_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n before_o it_o begin_v by_o congelation_n to_o expand_v itself_o of_o this_o what_o we_o shall_v here_o take_v notice_n be_v only_o that_o by_o a_o trial_n purposely_o make_v with_o common_a water_n in_o a_o round_a glass_n furnish_v with_o a_o long_a stem_n we_o find_v the_o water_n in_o that_o stem_n to_o subside_o so_o very_o little_a that_o whether_o or_o no_o it_o be_v insensible_a it_o be_v inconsiderable_a but_o probable_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n and_o a_o slendere_a stem_n will_v have_v make_v the_o shrink_n of_o the_o liquor_n more_o notable_a and_o upon_o that_o account_n it_o be_v that_o i_o here_o mention_v it._n 10._o the_o other_o thing_n be_v to_o measure_v by_o the_o differ_a weight_n and_o density_n of_o the_o same_o portion_n of_o water_n what_o change_n be_v produce_v in_o it_o betwixt_o the_o hot_a time_n of_o summer_n and_o first_o a_o glaciate_a degree_n of_o cold_a and_o then_o the_o high_a we_o can_v produce_v by_o art_n and_o in_o order_n to_o this_o we_o weigh_v with_o a_o pair_n of_o exact_a scale_n a_o glass_n bubble_v heavy_a than_o water_n in_o that_o liquor_n when_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v at_o a_o moderate_a temper_n as_o to_o coldness_n and_o by_o the_o diminution_n which_o we_o find_v of_o the_o glass_n weight_n in_o the_o water_n we_o easy_o collect_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o hydrostaticks_n the_o weight_n of_o as_o much_o water_n as_o be_v equal_a in_o bulk_n to_o the_o glass_n bubble_n and_o thereby_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o glass_n and_o a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o such_o water_n as_o we_o first_o weigh_v it_o in_o then_o by_o the_o application_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n we_o make_v that_o water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v and_o weigh_v in_o it_o again_o the_o same_o bubble_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o collect_v by_o the_o decrement_n of_o its_o weight_n in_o this_o refrigerated_a water_n what_o proportion_n a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o the_o liquor_n do_v then_o bear_v to_o the_o glass_n and_o by_o compare_v these_o two_o differ_v proportion_n together_o we_o be_v assist_v to_o make_v a_o estimate_n how_o much_o the_o water_n be_v make_v more_o heavy_a and_o dense_a by_o the_o action_n of_o a_o freeze_a degree_n of_o cold_a afterward_o take_v our_o time_n in_o summer_n we_o think_v fit_a in_o the_o same_o parcel_n of_o water_n that_o have_v be_v purposely_o reserve_v in_o a_o glass_n to_o weigh_v the_o same_o bubble_n that_o by_o the_o difference_n of_o its_o weight_n in_o the_o water_n when_o
as_o it_o can_v to_o its_o temper_n and_o consequent_o to_o the_o same_o temper_n as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold_a and_o then_o with_o the_o warmth_n of_o one_o hand_n the_o include_v ice_n be_v loosen_v from_o the_o glass_n as_o it_o be_v take_v out_o and_o a_o ruler_n divide_v into_o inch_n and_o eight_o be_v lay_v alongst_o it_o with_o a_o knife_n a_o little_a warm_v the_o ice_n be_v soon_o and_o yet_o not_o careless_o divide_v into_o several_a small_a cylinder_n of_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n a_o piece_n and_o these_o cylinder_v thus_o reduce_v to_o as_o sensible_a a_o equality_n as_o we_o can_v be_v nimble_o and_o careful_o put_v into_o the_o several_a liquor_n hereafter_o to_o be_v mention_v and_o while_o we_o ourselves_o watch_v very_o attentive_o till_o each_o of_o these_o icy_a cylinder_n be_v quite_o and_o yet_o but_o just_o dissolve_v we_o cause_v other_o to_o keep_v time_n by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o pendulum_n who_o vibration_n be_v each_o a_o second_o minute_n or_o 60._o part_n of_o a_o common_a minute_n whereof_o 60._o go_v to_o make_v a_o hour_n and_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o those_o we_o appoint_v to_o watch_v the_o vibration_n of_o the_o pendulum_n notwithstanding_o the_o quickness_n of_o its_o motion_n because_o it_o be_v fit_v to_o a_o little_a instrument_n purposely_o contrive_v for_o such_o nice_a observation_n wherein_o a_o long_a index_n move_v upon_o a_o divide_a dyal_n plate_n do_v very_o manifest_o point_v out_o the_o number_n of_o the_o diadrome_n make_v by_o the_o pendulum_n 3._o this_o experiment_n be_v afterward_o repeat_v twice_o with_o cylinder_n of_o ice_n each_o of_o they_o a_o inch_n long_o and_o though_o the_o success_n of_o these_o trial_n be_v various_a enough_o yet_o we_o shall_v subjoin_v both_o the_o last_o as_o be_v make_v with_o more_o advantage_n than_o the_o first_o that_o the_o more_o light_a may_v be_v gather_v from_o they_o and_o that_o at_o least_o we_o may_v discover_v how_o difficult_a it_o be_v to_o make_v such_o experiment_n in_o this_o matter_n as_o that_o all_o the_o nice_a circumstance_n of_o they_o may_v safe_o be_v rely_v on_o i._o trial._n 1._o oil_n of_o vitriol_n where_o a_o cylinder_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o iuch_n long_o be_v put_v into_o last_v 5._o minute_n 2._o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o which_o the_o ice_n sink_v last_v 12._o minute_n 3._o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la last_v 12_o ½_o minute_n 4._o water_n last_v about_o 12._o minute_n 5._o oil_n of_o turpentine_n last_v not_o good_a 44._o minute_n 6._o air_n last_v 64._o minute_n ii_o trial._n 1._o in_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n where_o a_o inch_n of_o cylindrical_a ice_n last_v 3._o minute_n 2._o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n last_v 13._o minute_n 3._o in_o water_n last_v 26._o minute_n 4._o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n last_v 47._o minute_n 5._o in_o salad_n oil_n last_v 52._o minute_n 6._o in_o the_o air_n last_v 152._o minute_n 4._o we_o likewise_o think_v it_o worth_a try_v whether_o there_o will_v be_v any_o difference_n and_o how_o much_o difference_n there_o will_v be_v in_o the_o duration_n of_o piece_n of_o ice_n of_o the_o same_o bulk_n and_o figure_n some_o of_o they_o make_v of_o common_a water_n and_o other_o of_o freeze_a wine_n milk_n oil_n urine_n and_o other_o spirituous_a liquor_n these_o several_a piece_n be_v expose_v to_o be_v thaw_v in_o the_o same_o air_n or_o other_o ambient_fw-la liquor_n 5._o we_o also_o try_v whether_o motion_n will_v impart_v a_o heat_n to_o ice_n by_o nimble_o rub_v a_o strong_a piece_n of_o ice_n upon_o a_o plate_n of_o ice_n and_o though_o this_o seem_v to_o hasten_v the_o dissolution_n in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o icy_a plate_n where_o the_o altrition_n have_v be_v make_v yet_o we_o be_v unwilling_a to_o determine_v the_o matter_n till_o further_a and_o exacter_n trial_n have_v be_v make_v 6._o and_o this_o bring_v into_o my_o mind_n a_o experiment_n that_o have_v by_o some_o be_v think_v very_o strange_a the_o occasion_n i_o remember_v be_v that_o i_o receive_v the_o last_o winter_n the_o honour_n of_o a_o visit_n from_o a_o nobleman_n of_o great_a eminency_n and_o learning_n who_o chance_v to_o come_v in_o while_o i_o be_v make_v some_o trial_n with_o ice_n will_v needs_o know_v what_o i_o be_v do_v with_o it_o but_o the_o presence_n of_o a_o very_a fair_a lady_n in_o who_o hymen_n have_v make_v he_o happy_a and_o of_o some_o other_o company_n of_o that_o sex_n that_o he_o bring_v along_o with_o he_o invite_v i_o to_o give_v he_o the_o answer_n that_o i_o think_v will_v be_v most_o suit_v and_o acceptable_a to_o his_o company_n i_o merry_o tell_v he_o that_o i_o be_v try_v how_o to_o heat_v a_o cold_a liquor_n with_o ice_n and_o to_o satisfy_v he_o that_o be_v no_o impossibility_n i_o hold_v out_o a_o open_a mouth_a glass_n full_a of_o a_o certain_a liquor_n which_o for_o some_o just_a reason_n i_o do_v not_o describe_v but_o do_v plain_o teach_v it_o in_o a_o opportuner_n place_n and_o desire_v they_o to_o feel_v whether_o it_o be_v not_o actual_o cold_a and_o when_o they_o be_v satisfy_v it_o be_v so_o i_o choose_v among_o the_o piece_n ofice_n that_o lie_v by_o i_o that_o i_o judge_v by_o the_o eye_n to_o be_v fit_a for_o my_o purpose_n for_o every_o piece_n be_v not_o so_o for_o a_o reason_n i_o elsewhere_o show_v and_o throw_v it_o into_o this_o liquor_n it_o do_v not_o only_o in_o a_o trice_n vanish_v in_o it_o but_o the_o lady_n i_o be_v mention_v see_v the_o liquor_n smoke_n and_o advance_v hasty_o to_o try_v whether_o it_o be_v real_o warm_a find_v it_o so_o hot_a that_o she_o be_v quick_o fain_o to_o let_v it_o alone_o and_o have_v almost_o burn_v her_o tender_a hand_n with_o which_o she_o have_v in_o spite_n of_o my_o 〈◊〉_d wasion_n take_v hold_v of_o the_o glass_n which_o her_o lord_n himself_o can_v 〈◊〉_d endure_v to_o hold_v in_o he_o but_o this_o experiment_n which_o for_o the_o main_a i_o have_v repeat_v before_o competent_a witness_n though_o it_o be_v not_o impertinent_a to_o the_o history_n of_o cold_a yet_o i_o shall_v not_o build_v much_o upon_o it_o because_o how_o strange_a soever_o many_o have_v be_v please_v to_o think_v it_o i_o shall_v elsewhere_o show_v that_o i_o make_v use_v of_o a_o certain_a unperceivable_a slight_n which_o in_o my_o opinion_n do_v as_o well_o as_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o liquor_n and_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o ice_n contribute_v to_o the_o suddenness_n and_o surprizingness_n of_o the_o effect_n 7._o but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o duration_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o cold_a i_o think_v those_o much_o mistake_v who_o imagine_v that_o the_o effect_n of_o cold_a do_v continual_o depend_v upon_o the_o actual_a presence_n and_o influence_n of_o the_o manifest_a efficient_n as_o the_o light_n of_o the_o air_n depend_v upon_o the_o sun_n or_o fire_n or_o other_o luminous_a body_n upon_o who_o removal_n it_o immediate_o cease_v for_o when_o cold_a agent_n have_v actual_o bring_v a_o dispose_v subject_n to_o a_o state_n of_o congelation_n though_o the_o manifest_a efficient_a cause_n cease_v from_o act_v or_o perhaps_o from_o be_v the_o effect_n may_v yet_o continue_v for_o in_o most_o case_n if_o a_o certain_a texture_n be_v once_o produce_v in_o a_o body_n it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o constancy_n of_o nature_n that_o it_o persevere_v in_o that_o state_n till_o it_o be_v forcible_o put_v out_o of_o it_o by_o some_o agent_n capable_a to_o overpower_v it_o and_o though_o we_o usual_o see_v ice_n and_o snow_n as_o it_o be_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n to_o melt_v away_o when_o the_o frosty_a constitution_n of_o the_o air_n cease_v yet_o the_o cause_n of_o that_o may_v be_v not_o bare_o the_o cessation_n of_o frosty_a weather_n but_o that_o those_o easy_o dissoluble_a body_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o free_a air_n which_o be_v heat_v by_o the_o sun_n beam_n and_o perhaps_o by_o calorifick_a expiration_n from_o the_o earth_n be_v furnish_v with_o a_o actual_a cause_n upon_o who_o account_n it_o destroy_v the_o texture_n of_o the_o ice_n and_o snow_n but_o even_o here_o above_o ground_n if_o snow_n be_v well_o compact_v into_o great_a mass_n in_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o closeness_n of_o the_o little_a icickle_n but_o little_a air_n be_v allow_v to_o get_v between_o they_o i_o have_v see_v such_o mass_n of_o snow_n last_o so_o long_o not_o only_o in_o thaw_v but_o in_o rainy_a weather_n as_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o and_o if_o such_o snow_n or_o ice_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o place_n where_o it_o may_v be_v fence_v from_o the_o sun_n and_o other_o external_a enemy_n though_o the_o place_n it_o be_v lodge_v in_o be_v not_o any_o thing_n near_o cold_a enough_o to_o produce_v ice_n yet_o it_o will_v as_o some_o trial_n
one_o fill_v up_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n to_o make_v the_o experiment_n the_o more_o satisfactory_a but_o though_o he_o can_v not_o procure_v it_o yet_o the_o success_n be_v not_o unwelcome_a because_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o there_o be_v crack_n in_o the_o iron_n in_o one_o place_n conspicuous_a and_o in_o other_o easy_o discoverable_a by_o blow_v into_o the_o barrel_n and_o put_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o suspect_a part_n either_o spittle_n or_o some_o fit_a liquor_n who_o agitation_n plain_o disclose_v the_o egress_n of_o the_o wind_n and_o there_o appear_v small_a cause_n to_o doubt_v but_o that_o these_o crack_n be_v produce_v by_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o cold_a since_o not_o only_o the_o smith_n be_v a_o skilful_a man_n in_o his_o trade_n and_o one_o that_o i_o use_v to_o employ_v about_o instrument_n and_o also_o the_o barrel_n have_v be_v sometime_o keep_v many_o hour_n fill_v with_o water_n without_o appear_v other_o then_o very_o staunch_v but_o which_o be_v the_o considerabl_a circumstance_n the_o night_n before_o the_o frost_n as_o i_o late_o note_v be_v not_o able_a to_o make_v the_o water_n break_v out_o at_o any_o of_o these_o cleft_n though_o it_o be_v able_a to_o force_v itself_o a_o way_n out_o at_o the_o screw_n in_o spite_n of_o all_o the_o care_n we_o have_v take_v to_o make_v it_o go_v close_o i_o have_v only_o this_o circumstance_n to_o add_v about_o this_o matter_n that_o when_o by_o thaw_v one_o part_n of_o the_o ice_n some_o piece_n of_o the_o rest_n be_v get_v out_o of_o the_o barrel_n all_o i_o take_v notice_n of_o appear_v to_o be_v full_a enough_o of_o bubble_n but_o yet_o such_o as_o seem_v lesser_a than_o ordinary_a whether_o they_o be_v so_o by_o chance_n or_o be_v determine_v to_o be_v so_o by_o the_o resistance_n or_o compression_n which_o the_o freeze_a water_n find_v upon_o its_o endeavour_v to_o expand_v itself_o in_o the_o barrel_n appendix_n to_o the_o xvii_o title_n long_a since_o the_o write_n of_o the_o forego_n section_n meet_v with_o a_o passage_n in_o bartholinus_n where_o he_o vouch_v cabaeus_n for_o the_o experiment_n of_o congeal_a water_n without_o limit_v it_o to_o any_o season_n of_o the_o year_n by_o put_v salt_n 〈◊〉_d into_o it_o and_o shake_v it_o strong_o i_o be_v thereby_o confirm_v that_o i_o be_v not_o mistake_v in_o suppose_v that_o gassendus_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o former_a section_n do_v not_o exclude_v that_o corporal_a and_o visible_a nitre_n out_o of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o grand_a efficient_n of_o congelation_n for_o cabaeus_n have_v publish_v his_o comment_n upon_o aristotle_n meteor_n whence_o this_o experiment_n be_v take_v by_o bartholinus_n before_o gassendus_fw-la publish_v his_o book_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o he_o as_o well_o as_o other_o borrow_v the_o experiment_n from_o he_o and_o cabaeus_n as_o bartholinus_n quote_v he_o prescribe_v the_o put_v the_o salt-petre_a its_o self_n into_o water_n which_o be_v a_o while_n put_v into_o a_o brisk_a motion_n will_v after_o some_o agitation_n not_o only_o refrigerate_v that_o water_n but_o bring_v it_o to_o a_o true_a and_o proper_a congelation_n wherefore_o suspect_v that_o this_o relation_n wherein_o bartholinus_n say_v he_o will_v believe_v he_o without_o a_o oath_n may_v have_v give_v rise_v to_o the_o opinion_n and_o affirmation_n of_o those_o ingenious_a writer_n that_o have_v since_o ascribe_v such_o wonderful_a coldness_n to_o nitre_n and_o find_v in_o bartholinus_n that_o cabaeus_n proportion_n betwixt_o the_o nitre_n and_o the_o water_n be_v that_o of_o 35._o to_o a_o 100_o that_o be_v almost_o as_o one_o to_o three_o i_o think_v it_o very_o well_o worth_a while_n to_o make_v trial_n of_o a_o experiment_n which_o seem_v to_o i_o little_o less_o unlikely_a than_o considerable_a i_o take_v then_o a_o pound_n of_o good_a salt-petre_a and_o near_o 3._o pound_n of_o common_a water_n to_o observe_v the_o more_o narrow_o cabaeus_n proportion_n these_o be_v put_v into_o a_o large_a new_a pipkin_n be_v keep_v constant_o and_o nimble_o stir_v about_o sometime_o by_o i_o sometime_o by_o one_o or_o other_o of_o my_o domestic_n relieve_v one_o another_o when_o they_o be_v weary_a but_o though_o the_o mixture_n be_v with_o a_o kind_n of_o broad_a glass_n spittle_n keep_v in_o a_o brisk_a motion_n that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v 〈◊〉_d the_o manner_n of_o a_o whirlpool_n and_o sometime_o a_o more_o confuse_a agitation_n and_o though_o we_o keep_v it_o thus_o stir_v for_o almost_o a_o hour_n and_o a_o half_a till_o we_o see_v no_o likelihood_n of_o effect_v any_o thing_n by_o try_v ourselves_o any_o further_a yet_o not_o only_o we_o can_v not_o perceive_v that_o any_o atom_n of_o true_a ice_n be_v produce_v whereas_o according_a to_o our_o author_n we_o may_v have_v expect_v a_o true_a and_o perfect_a congelation_n of_o all_o or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o water_n but_o we_o do_v not_o find_v that_o there_o be_v so_o much_o as_o any_o freeze_a of_o the_o vapour_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n we_o think_v 〈◊〉_d about_o the_o same_o time_n to_o try_v the_o experiment_n by_o another_o kind_n of_o agitation_n and_o mix_v two_o ounce_n of_o salt-petre_a with_o about_o six_o of_o water_n in_o a_o convenient_o size_v vial_n we_o do_v several_a of_o we_o successive_o vehement_o shake_v the_o vial_n too_o and_o fro_o till_o we_o be_v almost_o tire_v but_o neither_o this_o way_n be_v there_o produce_v the_o least_o ice_n within_o the_o glass_n or_o the_o least_o congelation_n of_o the_o vapour_n of_o the_o air_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o it_o be_v true_a that_o when_o so_o great_a a_o proportion_n of_o salt-petre_a begin_v to_o be_v dissolve_v in_o the_o pipkin_n the_o water_n have_v a_o sensible_a increase_n of_o coldness_n which_o afterward_o seem_v to_o diminish_v when_o once_o the_o nitre_n be_v dissolve_v but_o not_o to_o mention_v that_o if_o i_o much_o mistake_v not_o we_o have_v observe_v the_o water_n to_o be_v refrigerated_a when_o upon_o the_o dissolution_n of_o common_a salt_n multitude_n of_o actual_o cold_a and_o solid_a corpuscle_n come_v to_o be_v every_o way_n disperse_v through_o it_o this_o coldness_n produce_v by_o the_o nitre_n be_v very_o far_o short_a of_o the_o degree_n requisite_a to_o congelation_n for_o to_o satisfy_v myself_o that_o my_o sense_n do_v not_o misinform_v i_o i_o take_v a_o good_a seal_a weatherglass_n of_o about_o ten_o or_o twelve_o inch_n long_o and_o immerse_v it_o into_o the_o cold_a mixture_n of_o nitre_n and_o water_n i_o observe_v the_o tinct_a spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o the_o stem_n to_o descend_v not_o inconsiderable_o and_o when_o i_o perceive_v that_o degree_n of_o cold_a to_o have_v wrought_v its_o effect_n i_o remove_v the_o thermoscope_n into_o a_o vial_n fill_v with_o common_a water_n about_o which_o i_o have_v cause_v to_o be_v place_v a_o mixture_n of_o beat_a ice_n and_o salt_n to_o 〈◊〉_d the_o contain_v water_n in_o which_o the_o ball_n of_o the_o instrument_n be_v place_v the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n hasty_o descend_v two_o or_o three_o inch_n below_o that_o place_n at_o which_o it_o stand_v when_o it_o be_v remove_v out_o of_o the_o nitrous_a solution_n and_o for_o further_a satisfaction_n remove_v the_o thermoscope_n once_o again_o into_o that_o solution_n the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o the_o stem_n be_v hasty_o impel_v up_o as_o if_o the_o bubble_n have_v be_v put_v into_o warm_a water_n and_o once_o more_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v remove_v into_o the_o former_o mention_v 〈◊〉_d water_n the_o tinct_a liquor_n begin_v to_o fall_v down_o hasty_o again_o and_o within_o a_o while_n subside_v almost_o into_o the_o bubble_n whereupon_o to_o avoid_v injure_v the_o instrument_n we_o think_v fit_a to_o take_v it_o out_o so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n if_o the_o learned_a cabaeus_n be_v not_o delude_v by_o mistake_v some_o crystal_n of_o nitre_n which_o i_o have_v observe_v easy_o to_o shoot_v again_o in_o water_n that_o have_v be_v 〈◊〉_d with_o it_o for_o true_a and_o proper_a ice_n i_o can_v but_o wonder_v at_o his_o assertion_n and_o must_v take_v the_o liberty_n to_o think_v myself_o warrant_v by_o so_o many_o harmonious_a trial_n as_o i_o have_v find_v unfavourable_a to_o the_o suppose_a supremeness_n of_o cold_a in_o salt-petre_a to_o retain_v my_o former_a opinion_n about_o it_o till_o more_o successful_a experiment_n withdraw_v i_o from_o it_o it_o be_v a_o receive_a tradition_n among_o the_o watermen_n and_o many_o other_o that_o the_o river_n if_o not_o pond_n also_o be_v freeze_v first_o at_o the_o bottom_n and_o begin_v to_o thaw_v there_o but_o though_o i_o find_v this_o opinion_n to_o be_v in_o request_n not_o only_o among_o english_a watermen_n but_o among_o the_o french_a too_o yet_o i_o think_v it_o
18._o title_n where_o i_o recite_v the_o experiment_n of_o the_o infrigidating_a wind_n i_o shall_v more_o express_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o this_o circumstance_n that_o to_o satisfy_v myself_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o bare_a wind_n as_o such_o who_o operation_n upon_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o weatherglass_n make_v the_o liquor_n to_o ascend_v we_o put_v a_o mark_n upon_o the_o height_n it_o stand_v at_o when_o we_o have_v a_o pretty_a while_n blow_v upon_o it_o and_o then_o without_o remove_v the_o bellows_o put_v ice_n and_o salt_n about_o the_o iron_n pipe_n of_o it_o by_o which_o mixture_n the_o air_n that_o be_v afterward_o blow_v through_o that_o pipe_n be_v so_o cool_v in_o its_o passage_n as_o to_o make_v the_o liquor_n very_o manifest_o to_o ascend_v even_o in_o a_o weatherglass_n where_o i_o do_v employ_v as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o declare_v that_o i_o often_o do_v quicksilver_n instead_o of_o water_n or_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o lest_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n shall_v be_v suspect_v to_o have_v cause_v this_o contraction_n of_o the_o include_v air_n we_o do_v sometime_o purposely_o intermit_v the_o move_n of_o the_o bellows_o without_o remove_v the_o weatherglass_n and_o though_o notwithstanding_o that_o vicinity_n the_o liquor_n will_v begin_v a_o little_a to_o subside_o yet_o when_o ever_o the_o cold_a spirit_n or_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o the_o high_o refrigerated_a air_n be_v by_o the_o play_v of_o the_o bellows_o anew_o approach_v to_o or_o rather_o bring_v to_o touch_v in_o swarm_n the_o globular_a part_n of_o the_o instrument_n the_o mercury_n will_v manifest_o ascend_v and_o since_o we_o be_v speak_v of_o weather-glass_n i_o shall_v on_o this_o occasion_n subjoin_v that_o certain_a circumstance_n may_v also_o vary_v the_o success_n of_o another_o experiment_n somewhat_o of_o kin_n to_o that_o late_o repeat_v about_o the_o pendulous_a drop_n which_o be_v brief_o mention_v not_o far_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o first_o praeliminary_n discourse_n for_o though_o the_o common_a thermometer_n that_o be_v here_o wont_a to_o be_v sell_v in_o shop_n have_v usual_o the_o pipe_n of_o the_o bolthead_n very_o large_a in_o proportion_n to_o the_o ball_n and_o therefore_o be_v in_o that_o place_n say_v to_o be_v weather-glass_n not_o nice_a and_o though_o on_o such_o instrument_n in_o certain_a temperature_n of_o the_o air_n intimate_v by_o the_o word_n sometime_o employ_v in_o that_o passage_n the_o air_n blow_v out_o of_o a_o pair_n of_o bellows_o against_o some_o part_n of_o the_o include_v air_n will_v not_o especial_o at_o the_o beginning_n make_v the_o air_n sensible_o contract_v itself_o and_o the_o liquor_n ascend_v though_o at_o the_o very_a first_o and_o second_o blast_n the_o coldness_n of_o this_o artificial_a wind_n may_v be_v very_o sensible_a to_o the_o touch_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n intend_v to_o be_v teach_v in_o that_o passage_n yet_o have_v the_o curiosity_n with_o other_o bellows_o at_o another_o season_n of_o the_o year_n to_o blow_v long_o upon_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o not_o common_a but_o nice_a weatherglass_n of_o my_o own_o make_n furnish_v with_o a_o pipe_n that_o be_v very_o slender_a i_o divers_a time_n but_o not_o always_o find_v the_o tinct_a liquor_n manifest_o enough_o to_o ascend_v as_o if_o the_o wind_n consist_v of_o a_o more_o compress_v air_n do_v by_o contain_v a_o great_a number_n of_o cold_a particle_n in_o the_o same_o room_n more_o affect_v the_o internal_a air_n than_o the_o contact_n of_o the_o calm_a and_o lax_v outward_a air_n do_v before_o which_o disparity_n of_o event_n have_v give_v i_o the_o design_n of_o make_v further_a trial_n with_o differ_v thermoscope_n at_o other_o season_n of_o the_o year_n to_o see_v if_o i_o can_v bring_v the_o matter_n to_o some_o certainty_n by_o discover_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o contingency_n in_o which_o i_o afterward_o suspect_v that_o some_o light_a degree_n of_o warmth_n or_o coolness_n in_o the_o bellows_o themselves_o which_o as_o be_v unmanife_a to_o the_o sense_n escape_v unheeded_a may_v have_v a_o interest_n when_o i_o be_v about_o some_o of_o the_o former_a experiment_n i_o will_v willing_o have_v have_v a_o opportunity_n of_o try_v with_o a_o good_a seal_a weatherglass_n what_o difference_n there_o will_v be_v betwixt_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o nocturnal_a air_n in_o a_o frosty_a night_n in_o place_n where_o the_o air_n be_v keep_v calm_a by_o be_v shelter_v from_o the_o wind_n not_o by_o inhabit_a building_n but_o by_o some_o wall_n or_o other_o body_n whence_o any_o warm_a effluvium_n be_v least_o to_o be_v expect_v and_o betwixt_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o same_o air_n in_o place_n where_o cold_a wind_n especial_o northerly_a or_o easterly_a do_v free_o and_o strong_o blow_v but_o my_o occasion_n then_o confine_v i_o to_o a_o town_n i_o have_v not_o conveniency_n to_o make_v any_o secure_a observation_n of_o that_o nature_n and_o even_o in_o a_o more_o commodious_a place_n unless_o it_o be_v determine_v whether_o there_o be_v corpuscle_n proper_o and_o constant_o frigorifick_a upon_o who_o account_n some_o wind_n be_v so_o much_o cold_a than_o other_o there_o may_v arise_v more_o scruple_n about_o this_o matter_n than_o i_o must_v now_o stay_v to_o discuss_v there_o be_v one_o thing_n more_o that_o it_o may_v be_v be_v not_o impertinent_a to_o mention_v before_o i_o take_v leave_n of_o the_o xviii_o title_n for_o in_o confirmation_n of_o what_o be_v there_o deliver_v concern_v the_o vicissitude_n of_o these_o troublesome_a degree_n of_o cold_a and_o heat_n within_o the_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o same_o natural_a day_n complain_v of_o by_o the_o patriarch_n jacob_n and_o by_o olearius_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v since_o have_v opportunity_n to_o inquire_v about_o such_o matter_n of_o a_o learned_a physician_n late_o come_v from_o the_o indies_n he_o assure_v i_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o violent_a heat_n of_o the_o day_n he_o usual_o observe_v the_o night_n to_o be_v so_o very_o cold_a that_o he_o be_v persuade_v some_o positive_o frigorifick_a steam_n do_v in_o the_o night_n ascend_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o make_v it_o very_o expedient_a if_o not_o necessary_a for_o those_o english_a that_o live_v in_o the_o warm_a part_n of_o america_n to_o imitate_v the_o native_n in_o keep_v fire_n under_o their_o hammack_n or_o hang_v bed_n i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v a_o luciferous_a experiment_n in_o relation_n to_o a_o hypothesis_n that_o may_v be_v propose_v about_o cold_a to_o try_v whether_o if_o two_o such_o liquor_n be_v provide_v as_o by_o be_v mix_v together_o will_v so_o far_o forth_o lose_v their_o fluidity_n as_o to_o obtain_v at_o least_o the_o consistence_n of_o a_o unguent_n this_o impediment_n put_v to_o the_o former_a confuse_a and_o great_a agitation_n of_o their_o part_n will_v produce_v any_o sensible_a degree_n of_o cold_a this_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o try_v by_o immerse_v for_o a_o competent_a time_n the_o ball_n of_o a_o tender_a seal_a weatherglass_n into_o each_o of_o the_o liquor_n apart_o and_o then_o into_o the_o soft_a mixture_n their_o coalition_n will_v compose_v to_o produce_v such_o a_o mixture_n more_o way_n than_o one_o it_o be_v not_o difficult_a for_o i_o by_o the_o help_n of_o some_o experiment_n i_o have_v provide_v to_o add_v to_o my_o history_n of_o fluidity_n and_o sirmness_n but_o though_o a_o strong_a solution_n of_o minium_n or_o calcine_v lead_n in_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n or_o a_o very_a strong_a infusion_n of_o good_a quicklime_n in_o water_n will_v either_o of_o they_o and_o one_o of_o they_o i_o do_v make_v use_n of_o though_o i_o have_v forget_v which_o coagulate_v a_o just_a proportion_n of_o good_a salad_n oil_n to_o name_n no_o other_o make_v by_o expression_n into_o such_o a_o consistence_n as_o i_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o yet_o for_o want_v of_o a_o seal_a thermoscope_n tender_a enough_o i_o can_v now_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n and_o till_o i_o do_v i_o dare_v not_o draw_v any_o conclusion_n from_o it_o though_o if_o i_o much_o misremember_v not_o when_o i_o show_v it_o a_o ingenious_a person_n neither_o he_o nor_o i_o can_v perceive_v that_o the_o liquor_n by_o be_v deprive_v of_o their_o fluidity_n have_v acquire_v any_o thing_n of_o coldness_n discoverable_a by_o the_o seal_a weatherglass_n it_o be_v much_o controvert_v among_o the_o curious_a whether_o water_n be_v capable_a of_o compression_n and_o divers_a have_v of_o late_o incline_v to_o the_o negative_a upon_o observe_v a_o want_n of_o cogency_n in_o the_o experiment_n that_o have_v be_v bring_v to_o evince_v the_o affirmative_a what_o trial_n and_o observation_n we_o long_o since_o make_v about_o this_o matter_n may_v be_v meet_v with_o in_o some_o of_o our_o other_o treatise_n wherefore_o i_o shall_v now_o subjoin_v that_o
i_o mean_v the_o heat_n of_o quicklime_n in_o cold_a water_n i_o confess_v i_o can_v but_o admire_v the_o laziness_n and_o credulity_n of_o mankind_n which_o have_v so_o long_o and_o general_o acquiesce_v in_o what_o they_o may_v so_o easy_o have_v find_v to_o be_v false_a this_o i_o say_v because_o i_o be_v possible_o the_o first_o that_o have_v have_v both_o the_o curiosity_n and_o boldness_n to_o examine_v so_o general_a and_o constant_a a_o tradition_n yet_o i_o doubt_v not_o that_o you_o will_v soon_o be_v bring_v to_o take_v it_o as_o well_o as_o i_o for_o as_o great_a as_o popular_a a_o error_n for_o to_o let_v you_o manifest_o see_v how_o little_a the_o incalescence_n of_o the_o quicklime_n need_v be_v allow_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la water_n if_o instead_o of_o cold_a water_n you_o quench_v it_o with_o hot_a water_n the_o ebullition_n of_o the_o liquor_n will_v not_o only_o be_v as_o great_a as_o if_o the_o water_n be_v cold_a but_o oftentimes_o far_o great_a as_o i_o have_v sometime_o for_o curiosity_n remove_v boil_v water_n from_o the_o fire_n and_o when_o the_o liquor_n have_v leave_v of_o boil_a but_o be_v yet_o scald_a hot_a i_o put_v into_o it_o a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o quicklime_n and_o after_o a_o while_n the_o water_n which_o as_o i_o say_v have_v cease_v from_o boil_a begin_v to_o boil_v afresh_o with_o so_o much_o vehemence_n and_o such_o large_a and_o copious_a bubble_n that_o it_o threaten_v to_o run_v over_o the_o pot_n of_o which_o before_o the_o effervescence_n a_o considerable_a part_n be_v leave_v unfilled_a and_o this_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o i_o may_v well_o look_v for_o hot_a water_n be_v much_o fit_a than_o cold_a to_o pervade_v nimble_o the_o body_n of_o the_o lime_n and_o hasty_o dissolve_v and_o set_v at_o liberty_n the_o igneous_a and_o saline_a part_n wherewith_o it_o abound_v and_o how_o much_o a_o great_a interest_n salt_n may_v have_v in_o such_o incalescency_n then_o cold_a i_o have_v also_o take_v pleasure_n to_o try_v by_o pour_v acid_n spirit_n and_o particular_o spirit_n of_o salt_n upon_o good_a quicklime_n for_o by_o this_o mean_n there_o will_v be_v a_o far_o great_a degree_n of_o heat_n excite_v then_o if_o i_o have_v instead_o of_o spirit_n of_o salt_n use_v common_a water_n and_o this_o whether_o i_o employ_v the_o spirit_n cold_a or_o hot_a for_o in_o either_o case_n so_o small_a a_o portion_n as_o about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o walnut_n of_o lime_n put_v into_o a_o small_a glass_n will_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o little_a spirit_n of_o salt_n put_v to_o it_o by_o degree_n both_o hiss_n and_o smoke_n and_o boil_v very_o surprise_o and_o notwithstanding_o the_o small_a quantity_n of_o the_o matter_n will_v conceive_v so_o great_a a_o heat_n that_o i_o be_v not_o able_a to_o hold_v the_o glass_n in_o my_o hand_n and_o to_o show_v some_o friend_n how_o little_a heat_n excite_v in_o quicklime_n by_o cold_a water_n proceed_v bare_o from_o the_o coldness_n of_o that_o liquor_n i_o cause_v a_o parcel_n of_o good_a lime_n to_o be_v beat_v small_a and_o put_v one_o part_n of_o it_o into_o a_o glass_n vessel_n i_o drench_v it_o plentiful_o with_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n more_o than_o it_o will_v imbibe_n and_o the_o other_o portion_n of_o the_o lime_n i_o likewise_o drench_v with_o common_a water_n both_o these_o liquor_n have_v stand_v in_o the_o same_o room_n that_o they_o may_v be_v reduce_v by_o the_o same_o ambient_fw-la air_n to_o a_o like_a degree_n of_o coldness_n the_o event_n of_o this_o trial_n be_v what_o i_o look_v for_o that_o the_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n notwithstanding_o its_o actual_a coldness_n and_o the_o great_a subtlety_n and_o piercingness_n of_o part_n which_o it_o have_v in_o common_a with_o other_o chemical_a oil_n be_v of_o a_o incongruous_a texture_n seem_v not_o to_o make_v any_o dissolution_n of_o the_o powder_a lime_n and_o do_v not_o for_o several_a hour_n that_o i_o keep_v it_o 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