discredit to the Leaders of our time that all the force and power of a mightie armie should consist vpon three or foure of the first ranks of the battell This error groweth from the defect of our rules in the marshalling of our battels and squadrons in a direct line euery man in particular and all the rankes in generall standing one directly behind another for in a direct line it is not possible to giue the first any meanes to rerire but they must disorder them that follow Wherefore for an introduction to a better methode than hath been hitherto practised it shal not be amisse to put those three bodies into which an army is diuided namely the foreward battel and rereward into three squadrons so placed one to anothers side as they may meet together in forme of a triangle The first squadron must represent the point the other two the sides for being thus disioyned disseuered by art it is an easie matter to bring forward the second to fight with out disturbance to the first and the third without trouble to the other two Thus coÌ„ming to succeed their fellows side long in continual fight against their enemies another aduantage wil arise which is they shall trie the fortune of the field thrice in one incounter I doe assure my selfe that from this beginning men may proceed to a more perfect knowledge how the squadrons themselues being also diuided into lesser squadrons might one retain another by the same proportion A man may aime at such a mysterie by orderly degrees for the matter being so intangled as experience dothteach it were no more possible to bring this than any other art at the first inuention to perfection in an instant It is the labour of a beare to licke mishapen fruit to fashion and of a Lyon to bring militarie rules to certaintie The want which men may iustly find in direction of an army at this day proceedeth farther yet for they put the best and most resolute souldiers in the formost rankes who being forced to giue backe they cause all the rest by their example to doe the like as if it were lawfull for them to imitate their actions and thoughts In some sort they may be excused in their imaginations yet wee see that from this error doth commonly grow the ruines of all Companies The Romanes were farre more discreet concerning this point of marshalling their men for the first front was made verie strong with yong men of great force whom they called â— but a third part of their old and best souldiers were mingled with this head-strong youth both to defend them to temper theÌ„ The second squadron to the which they gaue the title Primary coÌ„sisted of two parts of old soldiers only a third of yong The third was ancieÌ„t old soldiers called Triarij By this means neither the second depended of the first which were yong for the most part nor the third of the second in which were also some yong Besides the first incouÌ„ter was alwaies very furious by the forwardnes of yong spirits who the lesse they knew of danger in this kind the more resolute they were and aduenturous experience doth teach that to withstand the furie of a fight we cannot make our head better than of yong men so as they may be tempered with a third part of old the second shall be better gouerned and the third more furnished with valour Iudgement and consideration Such ought the distribution of our forces to bee in this age Wherefore let no man presume to prefer any before this discipline of Rome for it is verie likely that they which with such prosperous and long continuance of time made the onely true profession of armes marshalled their forces in this manner would euer haue forsaken it if there had not beene some speciall cause and therefore we may rest assured that they had reason on their side for proofe whereof I note that when soeuer those Phalanges came to ioine with the forces of Rome being ordered as we haue said they neuer sped happily The reason will appeare plainely by comparing both disciplines for the Greekes by marshalling the best men in the formost Squadron had a meaning to put valour and resolutioÌ„ into the rest which could not be expected generally of all the companies the greater part being a multitude void of experience guided onely by their sence wheras the Romans had as well regard to preparation of minds so as it was not hard to bring those that were guided by sence to execute things with good consideration wherefore it was sufficient that onely bodies of men were assigned ouer to the corporall whome Scipio left with Sâ—phax the better to braue the foot of Cartharge for albeit at the first they were lightly esteemed by the enemie yet by a course of good discipline they became afterwards the meanes whereby the Romanes conquered Euerie man is able to consider with him selfe to what great vse this forcing of bodies by good order was and how much it was esteemed at the first It were friuolous to say that those rules can hardly bee now obserued with any hope of good successe for that artillerie is crept into our warres for if those squadrons had in those daies and would haue in case artillerie were not in vse an aduantage ouer our men considering that this aide is common to both sides it followeth that the perfections of those squadrons remaine in the same aduaÌ„tage which it had and should haue without artillerie Besides it is euident to sence that those collaterall Squadrons are not in halfe the danger of great shot that ours bee which are ranged this day by a direct line for a volley of shot comming from the head of one battel to another scoureth throgh al the ranks Let vs ad the deceitful vse of late artillery and chiefly to offend the bodies of men in field But for that the smal shot may be made to play with great aduantage where those squadrons are close other rules of that Romane discipline carefully obserued you shall seeke out particular instructions among my notes And moreouer what fit considerations may be vsed in the choise of commanders to an armie what moderation should be obserued in causing the common souldiers to depend vpon their Generall other commanders put in trust by him besides other meanes for the setling of your best securitie I will now passe vnto other things which come into my mind to aduise you touching the carriage of your selfe in this time of warre but by the way I must once againe put you in minde with great earnestnesse that this care of finding out the best way of marshalling your forces in the field ought in reason to bee one of the chiefest that you must imbrace as well for occurrents of warre as to make your name immortall among all nations Your fleets at sea ought in like maner to haue their particular respects touching which there seldom chanceth any
gathered together whereof they tooke what they pleased and set fire on the rest Then returning to their ships they passed into the Island of Ebusus or Iuisa and battered the fort that was in it from the which they were repulsed So as after they had spoiled and burnt the country they embarked againe and being ready to weigh anchor embassadors came to them from the Islands of the Baleares to demaund peace and friendship with the Romans Scipio being returned into Spaine he gaue audience to the embassadours of all the people that dwell about the riuer Ebro and not onely to them but to others of farther regions desiring to enter into league with the Romans They hold that he receiued hostages at that time of aboue 120 Townes or Communalties Scipio being fortified by this means and thinking he should be able from that time to keepe the field against his enemie he led his armie towards Castulo the mountaines which are now called Puerto Muladar Asdrubal being retired into Lusitania towards the limits of our Portugal vpoÌ„ the Ocean so as there was no great shew of any warres that Summer But the turbulent spirits of the Spaniards prouided worke for Scipio for a nobleman of the Ilergetes the which is now a part of Catelogne called Mardonius Mardonius and the Ilergetes hold the Carthaginian party when as the Romans retired towards the sea had sollicited many of the neighbor people to armes and seeing the Romans otherwise busied he went with his troupes and spoiled the country of their allies against whom Scipio sent 3000 men with the helpe of some of his friends who defeated these spoylers flew many tooke some and made the rest glad to quit their armes This made Asdrubal to leaue the sea coast and to march vp into the countrey to assure his confederats which dwelt on this side Ebro and to succour them if need were he came and lodged in the countrey of the Ilercaones which are of the country of the Ilergetes but a tumult arising drew the war elsewhere The Celtiberians take armes for the Romans for the chiefe men among the Celtiberians which make now a part of new Castille and of Arragon beyond Ebro being entred into alliance with the Romanes and had giuen them hostages hauing taken armes at Scipios persuasion were entred into the Carthaginians territorie spoyling burning and putting all to the sword they tooke three townes from them and in two encounters slew 15000 men and tooke 4000 carrying away many of their enemies ensignes Pub. Scipio Proconsul in Spaine At the same time P. Scipio arriued in Spaine in qualitie of Pro-consul in whose absence Cn. Scipio his brother had vntill that time gouerned the warres for it was the Prouince which had fallen vnto him the yeare before being Consull 7 His gouernment then being continued he arriued at Tarracone with 30 ships of warre and many of burthen carying 8000 souldiors and great store of victuals and other prouision where hauing landed his men he went and joyned with his brother and from that time the affaires were gouerned by two captaines well vnited and agreeing in all things who whilest that Hannibal was in action against the Celtiberians The resolution of the two Scipioes of great consequence resolued to goe directly to Sagunt in which towne they knew that all the hostages which Hannibal had drawne from the townes and people of Spaine were kept with a small guard which was the onely gage which the Carthaginians had to assure them of the Spaniards fidelitie and the onely bond wherewith they tyed them but one man brake it He was a gentleman who was then in garrison at Sagunt a Spaniard by nation called Acedux who had alwaies before shewed himselfe very faithfull to the Carthaginians but then according to the manner of the Barbarians he applied himselfe according to the time and euents This man hauing a desire to follow the Romans partie A notable trecherie of a Spaniard and imagining that such as reuolt are commonly esteemed but base and infamous creatures if withall they doe not bring some notable commoditie to them that doe receiue them he bethought himselfe of an occasion whereby he might purchase the grace and fauour of the Romanes by one of the greatest aduantages they might haue if he could find meanes to deliuer all these hostages into their hands but for that they were straitly guarded by men that were appointed by Bostares Gouernour of the Prouince there was great difficultie in the execution of this enterprise He came therefore vnto the Gouernour who lay in campe without the towne to defend the landing vpon the sea shoare being somewhat farre off and letting him vnderstand the dangerous estate of the Carthaginians affaires after so many defeats and how little faith and constancie there was in the townes and confederat people of Spaine seeing so great a power of the Romanes neere them fortified by so many people which had taken their partie and the goodly succours which the Pro-consull Scipio had brought out of Italie he aduised him to make the Spaniards more bound vnto the Carthaginians by an honourable bountie than they were by the gages which he had from them in sending backe to euery Towne and Communaltie their hostages And to the end hee should assure himselfe he would be readie to put in practise all that he should hold fit for the good of the Carthaginians Treason of a Spaniard leaâ—ing to the stronger party he offered to conduct these hostages to their parents and to goe from towne to towne confirming and encouraging his countreymen to be loyall to the Carthaginians and that thereby they should find they had so good an opinion of them as without any necessitie they had freely sent home their hostages vnto them To conclude he could so well persuade this Gouernour as notwithstanding it seemed hard vnto him at the first he consented appointing a conuenient time to send the hostages to their houses vnder conduct of this traitour who in the meane time found meanes to slip vnto the Romanes campe and hauing met with some Spaniards in the armie he caused them to bring him vnto the Pro-consull as secretly as might be to whom he imparted this businesse as he had designed it and a fit conclusion was taken betwixt them for this enterprise This merchant being returned againe to Sagunt The indiscretion and rashnesse of Bostares in yeelding the hostages deliuered him by his Generall and hauing againe conferred with Bostares the Gouernour vpon this restitution at the time appointed the hostages were in the night sent out of the towne with a good guard as it seemed but they went not farre before they fell into an ambush which the Romanes had layed for them where they were all taken and led vnto the campe The same counsell which this Spaniard had giuen to Bostares was by him propounded to the Romanes who made good vse thereof and restored the hostages to their parents
spoile the Christians countrey as far as the riuer of Duero who were charged repulst and forced to leaue their bootie by D. Bernard of Carpio and others Lope who called himselfe king of Toledo saued himselfe and fled with his brethren and Abdalla his sonne to the king D. Alphonso who receiued them courteously and made such esteeme of these Moores as he gaue them his sonne D. Ordogno to instruct in armes and ciuilitie Abdalla made no long aboad there for being thrust on with enuie against his vncles he made his peace with king Mahumet and retired to Cordoua from whence he made great spoile vpon the Christians countrey but he was incountred and defeated at a place called Cillorico and forced to raise his siege from Pancoruo with shame Afterwards he came to fight with two Zimaels the one his vncle the other his brother in the territorie of Toledo whom he vanquished and tooke prisoners And as he was of a stirring spirit and enemie of all rest he drew vpon him both the Christians and Moores by the surprise he made of Sarragosse where he maintained himselfe notwithstanding all the forces of Mahumet who sent Almundar his sonne and Aboaly a captaine against him with great forces And although that Abdalla were on the other side molested with the forces of D. Alphonso who during these warres had seene the monasterie of S. Faconde burnt the which he afterwards caused to be built vp againe yet his posteritie raigned at Sarragosse Mahumet hauing disposed of this new conquest returned to Cordoua vnder whose commaund Toledo remained for some yeares After these happie exploits the Moores were content to rest a while and to suffer the Christians to liue in peace and D. Alphonso in the meane time gaue himselfe to works of pietie according to the inclination and instruction of those times He caused S. Iaques church to be new built of free stone The worke of piâ—tie of D. Althonso and iâ—richt with pillers and other workes imploying therein part of the spoile which he had taken from the Moores for this church at that time was but of earth He bestowed great almes of the poore and widowes He was solicited by Bernard of Carpio to deliuer the earle D. Sandias his father out of prison where he had remained so many yeares but notwithstanding all the great seruices which he pretended to haue done he could not preuaile Bernard of Carpio neglected his rebellion Wherefore he resolued to declare himselfe an enemie to D. Alphonso retiring to Salamanca where neere vnto it he built a fort which he called Carpio of his owne name from whence he did much annoy the Asturians and them of Leon. It was situated three leagues from Salmanca vpon the riuer of Tormes D. Inigo Arista sixt King of Sobrarbre and Nauarre 36 D Inigo surnamed Arista Nauarre An. 940. came to the Crowne of Nauarre about the yere 840. Some say he was sonne to D. Ximenes aboue mentioned others among the which is Surites the Spaniard affirme that he was son to the earle of Bigorre called Simon and that he was chosen by the suffrages of the men of war king of Sobrarbre by reason of his vertues and valour so little certaintie there is in antiquitie especially of the beginning of races and families The name of Arista was giuen him by reason of his vehemencie and heat in war The Spaniards call a couragious and hardie man Arisco He was the first of the kings of Nauarre that was annointed and crowned after the maner of our kings of France the which was obserued in the other following kings although some beleeue that this custome came onely into Nauarre after they had kings of the house of Champagne The French among other Christian nations The custome to annâ—int kings taken from the Hebrewes haue retained it of the ceremonies of the ancient law of the Iewes by the aduice of their Bishops He tooke for his Armes a Crosse argent in a field azure During his raigne and some yeres after the Episcopall seat of Pampelone was in the royall abbey of S. Saluator of Leyra yet holding the title of Bishop of Pampelone or of Iruna by reason of the warre and spoyle which the Moores made There is no great certaintie among writers of his deeds the time of his death nor of his funeralls nor yet of his wiues familie whom some call Oneca which is to say Iniga others Theude bringing the one from Pampelone the other from Biscaie It may be he had two so named D. Geoffrey of Arria was earle of Barcelone after the death of Bernard Cattelogne about the yeare 840 by the liberalitie and grant of the Emperor Lewis the Gentle He was maried to a French ladie called D. Almira by whom he had a sonne called D. Viffred or Geoffrey the hairie who was the first proprietarie earle after his father Cattelogne vnder the soutraigntie of France but not immediate Cattelogne was then vnder the soueraigntie of France and there are priuiledges found granted by king Charles the bauld sonne to the Emperour Lewis in the yeare 844 whereby the inhabitants of Barcelone are made as free as the French hauing libertie to administer iustice and to liue according to the auncient lawes of the Gothes This Cont Geoffrey imployed all his meanes to make war against the Moores he attempted the towne of Tortosa but in vaine yet hee tooke from them and from the tyrant and rebell Aymon that which they had vsurped of his gouernment some yeares before He was pursued by a Cattelan knight called D. Salamon earle of Cerdagne who enuied him and slandered him to the king his Soueraigne wherefore being called to Court Earle of Cattelogae murthered as he was going vpon the way he was slaine in Auvergne in the yeare 858 according vnto some During these yeres king D. Alphonso was much troubled with the war which D. Bernard of Carpio made against him Ouiedo who gaue him diuers routs so as he was forced to leaue the Lions skin and to vse the Foxes at the least there was great shew of deceit for the king seeing that he could not suppresse D. Bernard he offered to release his father who was now verie old if he would deliuer into his hands his new fort of Carpio the which Bernard by a singular pietie did willingly grant and was readie to deliuer his fort into the kings hands the which he did presently rase Those which went to the castle of Lune to draw D. Sandias out of prison found him dead Crueltie of king D. Alphonso as they reported wherefore Bernard holding himselfe abused made great complaints vnto the king but he was commaunded to depart out of the territories of Ouiedo and Leon and the dependances thereof Whereupon he retired into Nauarre and then into France yet some say that he returned into Spaine and there died and that he was buried the monasterie of Aguilar del Campo Zeno brother to D.
place but D. Egas Nugnes the Earles Gouernor going foorth with a safe-conduct they so treated as vpon a promise which Don Egas made vnto the King that the Earle of Portugall should take an oath of fealtie as to his Soueraigne he returned satisfied into his Countrey without doing any other exploit but the Earle D. Alphonso Henriques would not performe that which his Gouernor had promised wherefore D. Egas went to the King beeing at Toledo and there presenting himselfe at his feete with a halter about his necke he craued pardon for that which he had promised and could not performe which was that the Earle should do him homage for his Earledome of Portugall whom the King pardoned beeing duly informed that hee had done his best indeanour to effect his promise These wars which were the first the Castillans had against the Portugals written by the Historians of Portugall wherof notwithstanding others make no mention past about the year 1127. D. Theresa for that time had no ease Her sister D. Vrraca made her residence in Saint Vincents church beeing streightly garded yet they say that going one day to Saint Isidores church in Leon to take the treasure which her father and grandfather had giuen vnto that place as she was carrying this prey Death prodigious to D. Vrraca of Castile hauing one foote within and another without the doore shee burst in the middest a worthie and condigne punishment due for the adulteries which shee had committed and the murthers which ensued not long after to the preiudice and dishonour of the Kings house and of all the Christian Estate in Spaine as also for the sacriledge Others say that shee dyed in the Castell of Saldagne beeing brought in bed of a child by stealth So Don Alphonso Raymond remayned destitute and without a mother About that time the king of Castile prouoked by the Moores who were entered into the Territories of Toledo marched farre into their countrey and tooke from them by a long and painefull seege Calatraua taken from the Moores the towne of Calatraua the which he gaue to the Archbishop of Toledo beeing a great fauourer of the Church and Clergie into the which he put a good garrison the which some beleeue were Templers who were wonderfully increased and growne exceeding rich euen in Spaine After which D. Alphonso Raymond tooke from the Infidels Alarcos Caracuel Almodouar del campo and other places whereof he fortfied some and razed others At that time there raigned ouer the Moores in Spaine and Affricke Hâ—li Aben-Tefin the third Miralmumin and last of the Almorauides vpon whom the King of Castile extended his limits vnto the Mountaines called Sierra Morena where he fortified Pedroche then he past into Andalousia with a great army and layd feege vnto the towne of Iaen but it was in vaine for being valiantly defended by the Moores he was forced to retire and returned with his army into Castile This King D. Alphonso had married D. Berenguela Cattelogne daughter to Don Raymond Arnould Earle of Barcelone An. 1131. who dyed in the yeare 1131. hauing held the Earledome eight and forty yeares A little before his death he made himselfe of the Order of Saint Iohn of Hierusalem called the Hospitaliers The Earledome of Prouence was fallen vnto him in the right of his wife D. Doulce and of other lands in France whereof hee caused himselfe to be called Marquis Genealogie of Cattelogne by which Lady he had two sonnes D. Raymond Berenger who succeeded him in the principalitie of Cattelogne and afterward came by marriage to the Crowne of Arragon and D. Berenger Raymond who was Earle or Marquis of Prouence thus ordered by his will of D. Doulce was also borne D. Berenguela Queene of Castille and two other daughters who were married into France The Earledome of Prouence had beene in question betwixt D. Raymond Arnould and the Earle of Tholousa and Saint Giles but their sute after many delayes was ended by accord which was That the lands of Prouence lying betwixt the riuers of Durance and Isera making at this day a part of Daulphine should belong vnto the Earle of Tholousa with the Castell of Beaucaire the Lands of Argence Castell of Bolobrege and the moitie of the cittie of Auignon and of Pont de Sorge the rest should remaine to the Earle of Barcelone According vnto this diuision D. Berenger Raymond did inherit Prouence and there was added that if any of the parties dyed without lawfull heires the other should succeede Among other Articles of D. Raymond Arnoulds restament he ordained that if his heires dyed without lawfull children his daughter Berenguela Queene of Castile and Leon and D. Ximena wife to Roger Earle of Foix should succeed By this noble and vertuous Queene D. Berenguela D. Alphonso king of Castile Genealogie of Castile had foure children D. Sancho who was king of Castile hee was bred vp in his youth and gouerned by D. Gâ—itiere Fernandes de Castro The second D. Fernand who did inherite the Realmes of Leon and Gallicia and two daughters D. Isabella called by some D. Constance wife to the French King Lewis the young the seuenth of that name he that did put away Elenor Countesse of Poictiers heire of Guienne daughter to Count Willyam who after this diuorce married with Henry Duke of Aniou and Normandie who beeing heire to the Crowne of England had long and cruell warres against the French by reason of this Ladies patrimonie the which continued aboue three hundred yeares vnto King Charles the seuenth The second dughter which D. Alphonso had by D. Berenguela was called D. Sancha or by others D. Beacia who was Queene of Nauarre hauing married the king D. Sancho surnamed the Wise or the Valiant as others write There is to be seene among the tombes which are in the great Chappell of the Monasterie of Ogna an inscription of D. Garcia who they imagine was sonne to the sayd D. Alphonso who had a second wise daughter to Vladislaus Duke of Polonia called D. Riâ—a by whome he had one daughter called D. Sancha who was married to D. Alphonso the fixt king of Arragon the second of that name He had familiar acquaintance with two Gentlewomen whereof the one which was called D. Maria brought him a daughter called D. Stephana or Estienette the other which was called D. Gontrude bare him D. Vrraca who was first married to D. Garcia Ramires King of Nauarre and for her second husband she married a wise and valiant Knight called D. Aluaro Rodrigues without any respect of her degree falling from a Queene to be the wife of a simple Knight it may be the Ladies of those times had no such haughtie spirits as they haue at this day or else could not distinguish betwixt vertue and fortune D. Stephana her sister was married to another Knight of the house of Castro whome they called D. Fernand Rodrigues the Castillan from whom issued a sonne called D. Pedro Fernandes de
ancient Mentiça an Episcopal seate in the Goths time The same dignitie was restored and the Mesguide made a Cathedrall church by the king D. Fernand in the yeare 1243. who continued there eight moneths for that it had beene taken in Winter and for that it did behooue him to giue order for many things for the preseruation of his new conquests in that countrie as also for the distrust hee might haue of the King of Granado his new ally whom notwithstanding he had no cause to doubt beeing very faithfull From Iaen he came to Cordoua where he was aduised to assayle Carmona whither king Mahomad came to serue him with fiue hundred Genets Hauing spoyled the countrie the two Kings came against Alcala of Guadajaira which place by the king of Granados meanes yeelded from thence certaine fore-runners were sent to a place called Axarafe of Seuile beeing led by the Master of the Knights of Saint Iames and others vnder the conduct of the King of Granado and the Master of the Knights of Calatraua were sent towards Xeres The King beeing in the mean time at Guadajaira he had newes of the death of D. Berenguela his mother whereat he was much grieued so as the warre of Seuile grew somewhat cold yet he was so farre imbarked as he durst not abandon the fronter to come into Castile The king of Granado had leaue to returne into his country the King Don Fernand remaining very well satisfied of him Whilest matters passed thus in Castile Portugal all was in combustion in Portugal by the negligence and basenesse of the king Don Sancho Capello who was wholly giuen to his wiues humors beeing hated of the Portugals and he himselfe disliked for her sake for many malefactors and insolent persons were supported by her who grew daily more audacious in their excesse without any feare of Iustice which was troden vnder foote for their respect For these considerations the Queene beeing also barren all the Noblemen of the kingdome desired to haue this woman separated and sent out of Portugall for the effecting whereof they made great instance at Rome but neither exhortation admonition commandement nor censure could preuaile for the King did so doat of D. Mencia Lopes as hee would not leaue her which the Portugals perceiuing some of them presumed to seaze on her in the citty of Coimbra Queene of â—ortugal 〈…〉 his subiects for her insolâ—nâ—ies conducted her into Gallicia from whence she neuer returned more into Portugall Not content herewith as excesse and insolencies were familiar and ordinarie among them laying aside all respect and reuerence which they ought vnto their Prince they sought to depose him from the royall dignitie whereby it appeared that the whole subiect of the troubles did not consist in the Queene Donna Meuâ—ia but in their ambition and priuate desseignes for their chiefe desire was to haue Don Alphonso the Kings brother who was married to Matilda Countesse of Bologne and liued in Picardy aduanced to the royall throne in his place The newes of these tumults beeing published in Arragon Don Pedro Intant of Portugal who was Earle of Vrgel and Lord of Segorue intreated the King Don Iaime to send Ambassadours into Portugall to perswade the Noblemen and States of the Countrie to receiue him for Gouernour as a Prince of Portugall who beeing affected to the good and quiet of the Countrey would order the affaires to euery mans liking and content The which the king Don Iaime did but it was in vaine for most of the Portugalls were so affected to the Earle of Bologne as the Ambassadours of Arragon were forced to returne suddenly It was therefore resolued that the Earle Don Alphonso should be called and to the end that matters might passe with some colour of Iustice and lawfull Order D Alphonso called to be 〈…〉 Porâ—â—gal they sent the Arch-bishop of Braga the Bishop of Coimbra with some Noble-men of the Countrey to Pope Innocent the fourth who had begunne a Councell at Lions who did authorize this fact of the Estates by his Apostolicke power and named Don Alphonso Earle of Bologne Regent of Portugall leauing the title of King to his brother Don Sancho Capello Some write that the Earle came to Lions to kisse the Popes foote and accepted from his hands the charge of Gouernor of Portugal D. Sancho king of Portugal abandons his realme in Iretires into â—astile and afterwards at Paris he sware the Articles and capitulations which were made in that behalfe from whence he went into Portugall with the Popes Briefes where he was receiued by the subiects but not by D. Sancho who would not obey the Popes commandement but retired into Castile The Authors do not agree well about the time of this retreate some saying that it was during the raigne of Don Fernand others attribute it to the time of D. Alphonso his sonne which is the most likely wherefore continuing to treate of the affaires of Castile in D. Fernands time we will afterwards returne to the Estate of Portugal The yeare 1245. was the last of the life of Don Roderigo Ximenes Arch-bishop of Toledo Castâ—le 1245. a Prelate of great esteeme among the Spaniards He dyed in his returne of a voyage from Rome vppon the confines of Castile and Arragon in the Monasterie called Our Lady of Huerta or Horta where he was interred famous for his doctrine good life great experience and rare eloquence according to the time and especially for his hatred against the name of the Mahumetists and Moores to whom hee made warre with all his power spirit body and wealth he was a fauourer of the rents and priuiledges of the Clergie the which he did much augment in Spaine especially in his owne Sea and built and peopled many places which had beene ruined Don Iohn the second succeeded him in the Arch-bishopricke of Toledo Primacie of Spaine and Chancelorship of Castile About the end of Don Roderigo Ximenes dayes mention is made of a Booke found by a Iew in a stone Booke sound in Spaine in the which it was contained without any shew of ioyning together it was written in three languages Hebrew Greeke and Latin the which made mention of three worlds from Adam vnto Antichrist shewing the nature and disposition of the men of either world and in the beginning of the discourse of the third world it contained that the Sonne of God should be borne of Virgin and suffer for the saluation of mankind and the which seemed more then wonderfull it was written in this booke that it should be found during the raigne of Don Fernand. Whether this were a thing done of purpose or accidentall by this strange inuention rather then for that which the Booke contained this Iew was mooued to become a Christian at Toledo for hee might haue learned the comming of the Sonne of God in Isay and other bookes of the old Testament and in the Gospell if he would haue read them In Segobia there
to their partie The king of Arragon demanded the Realme of Murcia the townes of Requegna Otiel Moya Cagnete the citty of Cuenca and the Segneurie of Molina with other places vppon the frontier of Castile whereof he held some but hoping he should haue a better composition with the king D. Henry he kept himselfe betwixt both being doubtfull what to do so as nothing was concluded for that time with the ambassadors of England During these reuolutions in Spaine in temporall affaires religion was managed by diuers fects of Monkes especially by the begging Friars of Saint Dominick and Saint Francis who this yeare incensed the people against a new Order which had risen in Spaine in the time of the king Don Pedro through the deuout ignorance of certaine Italians of Sienna religious Hermits who had heard one of their companions called Friar Thomas say dying by a Propheticall spirit Order of Saint Ierom in Spain sayd they that within few dayes the holy Ghost should come into Spaine and that he had this by reuelation wherfore all these religious men thinking that the holy Ghost did not frequent much in Italy in those times and that it was something which they must seeke farre off in a strange countrie they left Italy and came into the countrie of Toledo hoping to get the grace of the holy Ghost and therby saue their soules The fame of these men being spred ouer Spaine a bishop of Iaen called D. Alphonso Pecha and Don Pero Fernand Pecha his brother Chamberlaine to the king Don Pedro Hernando Ianes Chanoine of Toledo and chiefe Chaplaine of the chappell of the auncient Kings with many other Christians commending the resolution of these Friars and their ignorance being desirous to liue in that contemplation ioyned with them leauing Bishoprickes Chanonries Benefices and Estates and chusing their aboads in caues and woods farre from the societie of men where they began to liue a wonderfull austere life saying that it was according to the rule of Saint Paul that they must suffer many discommodities to liue like Christians and that it was the meanes to gaine Paradice This sect beeing in great esteeme the begging Friars began to blame the people for following of these men who had no setled Order nor discipline among them and which did more import had no approbation from the Pope For these reasons the inconstant multitude began to retire themselues and to abate much of their deuotion which these good Hermits finding to their great griefe they tooke councell among themselues to send vnto the Pope to get authoritie from him for a name rule profession order and aboade The messengers were Friar Peter Fernandez of Guadajara and Friar Peter Romaine of their company who beeing come before the Pope exposed their deuotion vnto him their maner of life Approbation of the Order of S. Ierome by the Pope exercises in religion their means and merits beseeching him that he would bee pleased to approoue their Order and profession giuing them for Patron the great Doctor Saint Ierome to whome all were most addicted The Pope made no difficultie to allow of them hauing had some former information of that which they had sayd appointing them to liue vnder the rule of S. Augustine hee prescribed what manner of garment they should weare and sent backe these Deputies into Spaine with Buls in October 1373. By this approbation from the Pope these Monkes crept into credit and did build their first conuent in a place called Lupiana in the Archbishoppricke of Toledo two leagues from Guadalajara dedicating it to Saint Bartholomew the which was since the chiefe of the Order the Prior of which Monasterie is Generall of the Order for three yeares and is bound to reside in that Monasterie during his charge Since by the bountie of the Princes of Spaine these Hermits haue built many Conuents and haue greatly inlarged their possessions Their exercise is more in singing then studying the which they do neglect expresly to the end they might not be diuerted from their simple contemplation notwithstanding there haue beene some great Preachers found among them and men of vnderstanding in great affaires of State Returning to politicke worldly affaires the king D. Henry beeing aduertised of the practises betwixt the English and the king of Arragon he sought to entertain the hope of compromise propounded by the Cardinall Guy of Bologne who by the Popes commandement was a mediator to make this peace In the meane time hee had intelligence with Lewis Duke of Aniou Gouernor of Languedoc and concluded that hee should presse the English towards Bayone and the duke of Aniou vppon the limits of his gouernment and then hauing ioyned their forces together they shold annoy them all they could in Guienne for he had intelligence that Iohn Duke of Lancaster had imparted his enterprises and ioyned his forces with those of Iohn of Montfort Duke of Brittaine making preparation to enter into Castile 〈…〉 against D Henry of Castile the which he thought fit to preuent and to assaile him in Guienne whilest that Philip the Hardy Duke of Bourgongne and brother to the French king made warre against the English in Artois and Vermandois and to this effect the king D. Henry gaue order to rayse an armie in Rioja Whilest that the troupes were leuying the Court being at Burgos there fell a quarrell betwixt the seruants of D. Sancho Earle of Albuquerque the kings brother and them of D. Pedro Gonçales of Mendoça for their lodgings whether the Earle running to pacifie this broyle whereof neither hee nor D. Pedro were guilty he was thrust through with a lance and slaine by one that knew him not The king parting from Burgos came to Rioja where hauing mustred his army he found 6200. horse whereof 1200. were Genets with the which he past to Bayone being assured by the Duke of Aniou that he would come and ioyne with him And to keepe the king of Arragon in awe Don Iames Infant of Majorca husband to Ieanne Queene of Naples was come to Narbone with good troupes threatning to enter into Cattelogne The K. D. Henry passing by Alaua and Guipuscoa entred into the territorie of Bayone D. Henry of Castile 〈◊〉 Guiâ—nnâ— wiâ—h an army against the English where he found no great resistance for the armie of English which had beene hotly pursued by the Duke of Bourgongne beeing come to Bourdeaux was much dminished There he stayed some dayes for the Duke of Aniou hauing sent Pero Fernandes of Velasco his Lord Chamberlaine and Don Iohn Ramires of Areillan to hasten him but they found him busied in taking of townes and castels from the English some by force some by composition so as the king Don Henry returned with his army into Spaine hauing done no great exploite Passing through Guipuscoa Don Bertrand of Gueuara Lord of Ognate who had done him great seruice made sute vnto him to giue him the towne of Mondragon whereof the Inhabitants beeing aduertised they
the king left the duke of Guimaranes within Toro and marched towards Zamora on the other side opposite to the Castle the riuer beeing betwixt them and hauing planted his campe round about the bridge hee did thereby hinder all men from comming foorth of the cittie on that side The placing of the campe seemed strange to king Fernand for the Portugals could no way from thence helpe those of the Castle nor yet hinder his armie much lesse could they come to battaile The King of Portugals vanity and it seemed that he did rather seeke vainly to be accounted bold and valiant by lodging so neere his enemie than to perform any worthie act as it appeared by that which hee did write to the French king the Pope and to diuers other Princes as also by that which hee published throughout all Spaine Queene Izabella sent the Duke of Villa-hermosa her brother-in-law and the Constable with two thousand horse to Fuente del Sabuco and to Alaheyos to keepe and cutte off the enemies campe from victualles and to distresse it In the meane time there wanted no mediatours for peace betwixt both the kings but it was in vaine and to no purpose The Portugall armie hauing for the space of fifteene dayes beene abroade in the fields in the dead time of cold winter the king Alphonso determined to returne to Toro And to to the end he might do it safely he sent Don Aluaro of Portugall sonne to the Duke of Bragança and the Licentiate Anthonie Nugnes of Cite Roderigo to the King of Castile to treate of a peace vppon certaine conditions which beeing refused them they had in charge to demaund a truce for a few dayes thereby to bring matters to a finall agreement This was but a pollicie to auoyd battaile and to be able to bring his armie in safetie backe to Toro There were sundrie opinions thereuppon and at the last they were answered that the truce which should be graunted should bee but short and if there were nothing concluded betwixt the two Kings King Alphonso of Portugal dislâ—dgeth froÌ„ before Zamora hee of Portugall might bee well assured not to bee suffered to depart thence with so great ease as hee imagined King Alphonso hauing vnderstood this answer beganne to dislodge secretly the same night the next day the scoutes seeing the place emptie aduertized the King that the enemie was dislodged who foorth-with commaunded the Captaines to leade the armie foorth into the field and to follow them the presse was so great at the passage of the bridge and at the going ouer the riuer of Duero by boate and other-waies as the soldiers could conueniently as a good part of the day was spent before the armie could passe the riuer and much time was afterward lost in ranging the battaile into wings and squadrons which was ordered after this manner They made a squadron of the kings Guard Battel betwixt the Spaniaâ—ds and Portugois and of the troupes of horse of Lemos and Salamanca of the Townes of Olmedo Valiodolit Medina del Campo with others which was commaunded by the great Master Don Henry Henriques On the right hand of this squadron were sixe battaillions the first was conducted by Don Aluaro of Mendoza who a little before that time was created Earle of Castro Xeris and Don Guttiere of Cardegnas and Rodrigo of Vlloa the second by the two Alphonso's of Fonseca the one Bishoppe of Auila and the other Lord of Coca and Alaexos the third by Pedro de Guzman the fourth by Bernard Franc the fifth by Don Pedro de Velasco and the sixt by Vasco de Biâ—ar brother to the Bishoppe of Salamanca On the left hand the Cardinal of Spaine ledde the first battalion the second the Duke of Alua the third the Earle of Alua de Lista the fourth Don Garcia Osorio who brought thither the troupes of the Marquis of Astorga his Nephew betwixt these two the foote-men were placed and in this manner the army marched on vnto the hilles which are betwixt Zamora and Toro and there it stayed It was thought that the Portugals making such hast would bee at Toro before the Spanish armie should passe these hilles and a Councell beeing called to determine what was best to be done the most part were of opinion to turne backe againe and to content themselues to haue gained the honour that the enemies had fled from them but the Cardinall of Spayne beeing a wise man and of an exceeding great spirit thinking that they did iudge amisse of the King of Portugals desseignes intreated the king to suffer him to goe to the toppe of those hilles with certaine troupes of horse for discouerie who hauing obtayned leaue and beeing gotten vp to a very high place hee espyed the armie of Portugall in order of battaile without any trouble or confusion at all Returning then to the king he told him that the enemies meant nothing lesse then to flie and that hee had seene them standing in good and martiall order wayting if any would follow to fight with them Whereuppon euery man beeing placed and ranked in his order and squadron the armie with great courage and resolution marched on The king of Portugall descrying the Spaniards marching towards them caused his people foorth-with to make a stand and with great magnanimitie to turne their faces towards them resoluing rather to dye fighting then to retirie with shame Hee was at the same time stronger in horse-men than king Ferdinand wherefore after hee had diuided his squadrons betwixt himselfe his sonne the Prince the Bishoppe of Ebora the Earles of Phâ—ro Villa-reall and other Captaines and encouraged the Knights and souldiers with a large and well-composed speech putting them in mind of the victorie which King Iohn the first wonne from the Spaniards at Aljubarotta he caused them to march forward to the fight The chiefe strength and flower of the Portugall Cauallerie lay in the squadron of Prince Iohn against whom King Fernand caused the sixth battaillion on his right hand to aduance themselues altogether albeit that D. Alphonso de Fonseca first of all and Don Aluaro de Mendoça Earle of Castro after him had requested the honour to bee the first that might charge them The Portugals which were in that squadron ioyned with those whom the Bishop of Ebora conducted made so braue a resistance as the Spaniards turned their backes so as at this first incounter the victory seemed to be on the King of Portugals side the Spaniards being sore hurt by the Artillery and by the Crosse-bowes of the Portugall-footemen These being retired the other squadrons gaue in vpon the residew of the Portugall army with better successe Notwithstanding that the valor of either side made the fight doubtfull for three houres space In the end the Portugalls not being able to hold out beganne to giue backe and were disordred and put to flight taking the high-way towards Toro as fast as they could gallop but being pursued there was a great slaughter
drunke with ambition and ignorant how to maintaine himselfe in his ranke and profession saying That it was a pleasant change to see the great captaine Gonsal Fernandes famous for so many victories which hee had obtayned now telling of his beads at Vailledolit and the archbishop of Toledo to leaue his miter and crosse and to put on armes hauing not thoughts but of killing and sheding of bloud but those courtiers which found this so strange had not perused the Annales of Spaine where they might haue read warrelike exploits of many other Bishops equalling the greatest captaines of their time Enterprise of Oram by Ximenes Notwithstanding all the oppositions of these disdainefull spirites yet the cardinall obtained what hee pretended for the king knew his qualities and vertues better then any other and could so extoll him to his Councell and other noble men in Court as in the end they did allow of the Cardinalls proposition they commended it and perswaded the youth to follow him into Affrike This warre being concluded there was present order giuen that all the gallies and other vesselles of warre and ships to carrie victualls and baggage which were made ready in diuers ports should come to Malaga or Carthagena there was prouision made in diuers places of come and all kindes of victuall great store of caske to water in the enemies countrey and of poulder in euery part of Spaine and there was commaundement giuen to all vassals holding fees commaunderies and militarie benefices to be there in person and no man to be exempted but for a very lawful cause and for the necessary defence of the Christian commonweale the souldiers which were in the kings pay and remaining in ordinarie garrisons were also sent and new leuies made There were also two Alcaides or Prouosts of Iustice of the court appoynted to assist the cardinall which were Callego and Aguirro who in the Kings name and by his authoritie should containe euerie man in his duetie Herewithall there were giuen vnto the Cardinall many blanckes signed and sealed by the King to vse them when neede should require namely to institute and appoynt Iudges to punish offenders Conscience of Ximenes wherewith the cardinal would not meddle for that hee was a Franciscan Friar and a man of the church These things prouided the great captayne Gonsalo Fernandes did aduise that the managing of the warre should bee giuen vnto Pedro Nauarro Earle of Albeto Pedro Nauarro chiefe conductor of the Affricane warre who some few moneths before had built the fort of Pegnon de Veles against the Moores and was a captaine of iudgement and great experience The cardinall conferred with him of all matters and did write to Vargas of the Kings councell and to Villalobos commissarie of the victualles that they should deliuer the victualls and munition ordayned for this warre as Pedro Nauarro should appoint and to the colonels to cause their men to march towards Malaga the chiefe of which were D. Roderigo Moscoso Earle of Altamira Colonels at the warre of Oran D. Iohn Spinosa Alphonso Vanega Gonsalo Ayora Pedro of Arias and Iohn Vilalna hauing many good and valiant captaines vnder them To Garcia Villaroello was giuen the commaund of the horse Ierosme Vianello was made marshall of the campe by reason of the experience and knowledge hee had of the countrie of Africke and therefore held fittest to choose the situation of the camp and the places where they should assaile the Moores Thus the cardinall drew together about foure thousand horse and tenne thousand foot To this warre besides the money which the king did furnish out of his treasure and that which the cardinall drew out of his coffers Foresight of the Cardinall the chanons of Toledo did also contribute for the cardinall knowing that money is that which maintaines and giues perfection vnto warre hee would not make any iust proportion of the charge of this worke or what it might amount vnto but sought to gather so much together as hee might haue an ouerplus The execution of all these prouisions was much delayed and the voyage almost broken for many did still detract the Cardinall and his enterprise to the king tearming it foolish and vnfit for a man of his coate so as the king being almost altered was in a manner resolued to referre it to another season the which the commissaries collectors captains of gallies gouernors of townes and others hauing publique charges perceiuing there was not anie one that cared to doe his duetie nor to obey Pedro Nauarroes commaundement there came not a shippe to Malaga the victualls and munition which was not neere were made deere for the cardinalles men who had not his money yet readie the which D. Pedro seeing he sought himselfe to diuert this expedition by another enterprise which he propounded vpon some other parts in Afrike wherewith the cardinall was much perplexed Magnanimitie of the Cardinall Ximenes but hee must shew his magnanimitie and perseuerance for then hee resolued to imploy all his meanes and friends rather then to faile in that which hee had vndertaken which was published to all the world and had beene a great dishonour to the king to him and to all Christendome if after so great a shew of armes they should retire without cause which hauing made knowne vnto the king with pertinent reasons and vehement persuasions hee had answer from the king according to his desire that although hee were dissuaded yet hee would haue the armie passe into Afrike at the first opportunitie yet notwithstanding there grew new difficulties the souldiers beeing hardly stayed and the victualls and other prouisions through the couetousnesse and malice of the commissaries delaied and in a maner denied and many of the men at armes gone backe yet hee surmounted all these difficulties making the rendes-vous for his armie at Carthagena he himselfe parting from Alcala being accompanyed with a great number of his friends and seruants in armes where there were many Friers of his houshold which girded themselues with swords vnder the habite of Saint Francis hee came to Toledo where hee made knowne vnto the Chapter the cause of his voyage and hauing recommended the charge of the archbishopricke in his absence to D. Iohn de Velasco bishop of Calaorra he came to Carthagena Many of his chanons desirous to see the world would haue followed him but he stayed two onely and sent backe the rest Sedition in the Cardinals camp caused by a rascall those two were Francis Aluares learned in the lawes and Charles of Mendosa Abbot of Saint Leocadie Being readie to imbarque the souldiers began to call for money else they would not goe the author of this sedition was a rascall of Alcala of Henares called Arnold who had beene a broker in his youth the which did somewhat trouble the cardinall not knowing whether it had a further reach being resolued not to giue the souldiers any money vntill they were past into Afrike Vianello
be so far from the sea wherefore the king hauing giuen good reception to the deputies he sent them back making choice rather of the towne of Vailledolit Enterâ—iew betwixt K. Charles and his mother vnnecessary but before his comming thither he would go visite his mother D. Ioane at Tordefillas writing the causes vnto the Cardinall and to his brother D. Ferdinand which had moued him thereunto his resolution seemed full of pietie but considering the indisposition of this princesse it was not needfull to conferre so long with her of affaires as he did During the Kings abode at Tordesillas the lodgings were made at Vailledolit where the Cardinall beganne to find that the Flemings could doe more than he in Spaine for his seruants demanding the lodging of doctor Bernardin for him Signe of the Cardinalls disgrace being in a wholesome place and fit for his infirmity the harbenger Terremonde refused it him hauing marked it for Queene Germaine wherein the Cardinall had infinite troublesome difficulties being not accustomed to intreate although he obtained it it was knowen afterwards that the duke of Alba had beene the motiue of this vnworthy vsage of a man of so great authority but as for his traine it was lodged in a village without the towne and yet he must haue patience it auailed him nothing to complayne of this contempt and disgrace which he had neuer tried being in a meaner estate no not when the kings D. Ferdinand and D. Philippe were together in that towne with a great traine of noblemen and knights and all their ordinary gards saying that it was a poore recompence after so much toyle and sweat to receiue a wrong in the place of a reward whereof he blamed the K. officers who were strangers ignorant of the customs of Spaine Letter of discharge from the Cardinal to the King But the worst was when he receiued letters from the K. by the which he was commanded to attend him at Mojados vpon the way to Tordesillas where he desired to confer with him and to haue his councell in affaires both of his realme and house to th end he might discharge him of so great a burthen suffer him to retire to his own house to liue in rest where God would coÌ„fort recompence him for so many good offices which he had done for the realm seeing he thought it was not in the power of any man to do it that for his part hee would euer remember it and honour and reuerence him as his father These letters were written at the persuasion of Mote Bish. of Badajos an affectionat seruant to the L. of Cheures yet much bound to the Cardinall who hauing receiued them conceiued so great a griefe to see himselfe put backe as within few hours after he died his feuer encreasing which he had gotten the day before these strange news Death of the Cardinall frier Francâ—â— Ximenes of Cisneros feeling his end to draw neer he had some little coÌ„ference with some of his people of the mercy of God of the vanity of this world forgetting no ceremonies which his order profession required he recoÌ„mended his soul to God to al the Saints namely to the virgin Mary to S. Peter S Paul S. Iaques and S. Michael but especially to S. Francis vnder whose rule he had liued and to the protectors and patrons of his church of Toledo S. Eugenius and Idelfonse or Alphonso Being thus prouided with the praiers suffrages of some priests which assisted him he ended his dais leauing a great griefe to many but it may be the number of those that were glad of it exceeded He was no sooner dead but 2 Spanish captaines Vadillo Collozo going out of the Antichamber into the chamber where he died began to lay hand vpon some plate and other things thinking that all was to be sackt but they were balmed by the colonel Spinosa D. Alphonso of Areillan erle of Aguilar other noblemen who were better taught His body was imbalmed and being attired in his pontificall robes he was â—aid for a time bare faced vpon a rich bed whereas euery man came and kist his hands being muited thereunto by the sound of a trumpet with promise of pardon for their sins Then according to his wil he was carried to Alcala of Henares where he was founder of that goodly Vniuersitie and there with great honour and funerall pomp he was interred in the church of S. Idelfonse as he had ordained where his tombe is to be seene of white marble with his Image in his archbishops weed Cardinall Ximenes little respected by the people and vniuersitie of Alcala excellently well cut enuironed with a grate of yron whereas are 16 spaces representing the deeds of this Prelate artificially grauen The people of Alcala shewed him small reuerence for presently after his funerall they went and beat downe and rased the houses and farmes which he had caused to be built without the towne for Benedict his nephew and they of the vniuersity and colledge of S. Idelfonse disannulled many things which he had brought in and chased away the chanon Cardegna who was treasurer and superintendent of that colledge Disposition ef Cardinall Ximenes Such was the end of this cardinall a famous man for his great wisdome iudgement in the gouernment of the affaires of state constancie in his resolutions and magnanimitie in the execution of his enterprises seuere rigorous and inexorable a terror to great men not yielding to force nor flattery being exceeding ambitious desirous of honor the which he shewed in his sower disposition fit for them that gouerne great Estates His constitution of body did represent the qualities of his mind for he was of a great stature strong lustie his pace was graue his voice strong firm his face long and drie a large forehead without any wrinckles reasonable big eies hollow but quicke sighted and alwayes moist long nosed crooked like an Egle his great teeth stucke out so as some called him Elephant thick lipt His skull being found in the yere 1565 in the vault where it had bin laied seemed to be all of one peece without any seame he deliuered his conceptions in few words neuer straid froÌ„ the purpose no not in his greatest choler if he promised to do any man good he always performed more than he spake he did seldome vse to iest yet he took delight to heare them that were quick conceited would laugh at them that were plesant in their speeches he kept a mad man who somtimes had bin learned a diuine was delighted to heare him reheâ—se many passages which he had retained the which he repeated without any reason yet somtimes not ill applied he would be pleasant with a Spanish captaine called Maderol who had made many promises but done little good in all his life counselling him to become a monk to do penance for his sins
in these things he recreated his spirits being charged with great affairs Finally he loued learning to heare the disputations of learned men oftentimes of yong scholers This prelat being well informed of the great profit which the world might draw from the knowledge of tongs he did intertain men that were learned in them to imploy theÌ„ in matters fit for his religious profession Bible printed in many tongues to the end the studious of the holy scripture might taft the word of God froÌ„ the original springs he caused the bible to be printed in many tongs that is the book of the old testament distinguished into 3 parts whereof the first contained the Hebâ—ue text the second the coÌ„mon translation into Latin which we vse the third the Greeke of the 70 Interpretors with his translation in Latin As for the new Testament it contained the Greek text the common translation in Latin very well corrected and in the end of the volume a dictionary of Hebrew words interpreted very ample copious a worke of great labour sumptuous and stately witnessing the greatnes of this cardinalls courage who was not danted with any difficulty Herein he vsed the care learning and iudgement of Demetrius CanÌ„diot Iohn of Vergara Men imployed to peruse the Bible Anthony Nebriâ—encis Lopes of Estunâ—ga Fernand of Vailledoâ—t worthy professors in the Greek and Latin tongs Alphonso of Alcala a phisition Paul Cornel and Alphonso Zamora learned men in the Hebrew tong These men were very careful to examine the old volumes that were most correct and approued of both testaments wherein they had no small help and ease by the library of the Vatican at Rome through the bounty of Pope Leo who refused not any thing to cardinall Ximenes The Latin explication of the translation of the 70 Interpreters was the worke of Demetrius of Fernand of Vailledoliâ— and of Alphonso of Estuniga assisted by some of their disciples learned men Iohn Vergara was also inuited and called by them to take part of this charge who interpreted some of those bookes which he was wont to call Sapientiales as Ecclesiasticus the which he could not finish as he desired by reason of his indisposition for hee had an intent to make large Annotations The Bible was begun by these men in the yeare 1502 who spent 15 whole yeares with great care and toile to turne ouer infinite volumes and copies gathered together from many parts of the world with wonderful charge for proofe wherof Gometius saies that he had often heard Alphonso Zamora professor in the Hebrew tongue affirme that for 7 Hebrew copies which are kept in the Vniuersitie of Alcala of Henares were payed 4000 crownes of gold Being ended by Iohn Brocario of Alcala it was dedicated to pope Leo whereof the world hath receiued great profit Cardinall Ximenes opprest with melaÌ„choly This Cardinall hauing his mind continually attentiue to great matters was somtimes opprest with melancholy which made him to vndertake things rather through furie than councell but very seldome as the conuersion of the Moores of Granado and the enterprises of Afrike atteÌ„pted with too great affection zeale without any ground The quarrels which he had with great meÌ„ with such obstinatioÌ„ as we haue said proceeded froÌ„ the loue of Iustice A louer of iustice magnanimity vertue for he would teach them to liue according to equity The chanons of Toledo were his chiefe councellors without whose aduice he would neuer attempt any thing of importaÌ„ce Execution must be speedie after mature deliberation he would as it was fit that whatsoeuer had bin decreed after mature deliberation should be instantly put in execution he censured of mens errors not by the effect but by the intent Although in publike affaires he were impatient of al reply bold speech yet in that which concerned himselfe he often indured the liberty of another mans tong the which he shewed to Contrera the preacher who blaming him one day in his presence for that he being a frier did often weare fables other rich furres he was inuited to dine with him where he commended his preaching but he excused that which he did reprehend in him saying that men aduanced to dignity and great charges Cardinall Ximenes though a frier yet be weÌ„t richly apparelled had need of precious ornaments and rich attire as well on their persons as in their houses for that doth breed maiesty in him and causeth reuerence in subiects They write that these ornaments were vsed superficially by the Cardinal for as for his vnder habit and his sleeping he alwayes carried himselfe according to the Order of Saint Francis he daily said his prayers either alone or accompanied the doore being shut that he might not be diuerted He had great compassion of great persons vnworthily afflicted and did releeue them with mony as to D. Guâ—â—mar of Castro duchesse of Nagera being chased from her house by her husband whom he did nourish and comfort in the city of Toledo with as great honor as the duke himselfe could haue done her blaming his churlishnes the more for that he had bin made duke by king Henry the fourth in fauor of this woman with whom as we haue said he seemed to be in loue When there was any great benefice void in the church of Toledo Discretion in giuing of benefices hee gaue it either to the sonne of some prince oâ— great nobleman or to some one of the learnedest men of Spaine saying That nobility gaue fauour and learning authority to the clergie finally hee was liberall and very charitable to the poore and careful of his houshold seruants He spent a good part of his reuenues in religious buildings which preserue his memorie Buildings made at the charge of Cardinall Ximenes as at Tordelaguna where hee was borne the conuent of Franciscan friers intitled of the virgine Mary a goodly and stately worke at Toledo the conuent of Saint Iohn penitent and one of the like title at Alcala of Henares two Conuent one of Franciscans and the other of Iacobins in the city of Oâ—an but aboue all the building of the colledge of Saint Idelfonse or Alphonso 1518 in the vniuersitie of Alcala of Henares is most famous and the institution of the company which should be all Diuines This man was so seuere as he had attempted to reduce all the Orders of monkes to their ancient and first simplicitie and puritie After this prelats death D. Alphonso of Arragon archbishâ—â— of Saragosse base sonne to the deceased king D. Ferdinand came to Tordesillas to salute the king his nephew and also to get the archbishopricke of Toledo if he might but the lord of Cheures who would haue it for William of Crouy his nephew stayed his comming so as this prince was forced to go to Vailledolit there to attend the King who hauing seen him and complayning to all the noblemen of Spaine of the