but of this Life wherein we use them Can the Creature make us happy when their Emptiness and Anguish annex'd to it makes our Lives miserable The World cannot satisfy our narrow Senses The Eye is not satisfied with seeing nor the Ear with hearing much less the infinite Desires of our supreme Faculties Those who are now inchanted with its Allurements within a little while will see through its false Colours As when one awakes all the pleasant Scenes of Fancy in his Dream vanish so when the Soul is awakened in the End of Life the World and the Lusts thereof pass away and the remembrance of them I shall add further What clearer Evidence can we have of the worth of the Soul than from God's Esteem the Creator of it Now when God foresaw the Revolture of our first Parent that brought him under a double Death in one Sentence temporal and eternal and that all Mankind was desperately lost in him then his compassionate Counsels were concerning his Recovery His Love and Wisdom accorded to contrive the Means to accomplish our Redemption by the Death of his incarnate Son We are not redeemed with Silver and Gold but with the precious Blood of Christ as a Lamb without spot and blemish Of what value is a Soul in God's account that he bought with his own Son's Blood the most sacred Treasure of Heaven We may say for the Honour of our Redeemer and our own that which the Angels cannot we were so valued by God himself that his Son became Man and died on the Cross for the Salvation of our Souls I shall only mention another Evidence and Effect of God's valuation of our Souls that is the eternal Weight of Glory which exceeds all the Thoughts of our Minds and Desires of our Hearts What are all the Kingdoms and Pleasures of the World in comparison of that Blessedness God has prepar'd for those who love him Now the Soul that is inestimably precious and should be most dear to us is secured from Danger when received by God's Hands 2. The Soul is our immortal Part. The Body is compounded of jarring Principles frail and mortal A Casualty or Sickness dissolves the vital Union and it falls to the Dust. But the Soul is a Spirit by Nature and immortal by its inherent Property It s spiritual Operations perform'd without the ministry of the Senses the Eye of the Mind contemplates its Objects when the Eyes of the Body are clos'd demonstrate its spiritual Nature for the Being is the Root of its working and consequently that it exists independently upon the Body But of this we have the clearest assurance in the Scripture This is another demonstration that present Things cannot make us happy for they forsake us the first step we take into the next World and then the Soul enters into Happiness or Misery equally eternal The Immortality of the Soul and the Immutability of its State are inseparable then for the present Life is the time of our Work the next is of Recompences according to our Works If we die in the Lord the Consequence is infallible we shall live with him for ever If we die in our Sins we shall not be received by his merciful Hands but fall into his bottomless Displeasure And of what concernment is it to have our Souls with God in that infinite and incomprehensible Duration All the Measures of Time Days and Weeks Months and Years and Ages are swallow'd up in that invisible Depth as the Rivers that pour into the Sea are swallowed up without any overflowing of its Waters The Dove that Noah let out of the Ark as a Spy to discover whether the Deluge was abated found not a Place to rest on but after many Circuits in the Air it returned to the Ark. If our Thoughts take wing and multiply Millions of Millions of Ages we cannot rest in any Computation for there remains after all an entire innumerable Eternity Secondly I will consider more particularly what is contained in this blessed Privilege The reception of the Soul into God's Hands implies three things 1. Entire Safety 2. Heavenly Felicity 3. 'T is a certain Pledg of the reviving of the Body and its reunion with the Soul in the State of Glory 1. Entire Safety After Death the separate Soul of a true Believer immediately passes through the airy and Ethereal Regions to the highest Heaven the Temple of God the native Seat and Element of blessed Spirits The Air is possess'd by Satan with his Confederate Army who are Rebels to God and Enemies to the Souls of Men he is stiled the Prince of the Power of the Air He often raises Storms and Tempests discharges Thunder and Lightning the woful Effects of which are felt in the lower World The Numbers the Strength and the Malice of the evil Angels to the Souls of Men render them very terrible We may conjecture at their Number from what is related in the Gospel that a Legion possess'd one Man They are superiour Spirits to Man and tho stripp'd of their moral Excellencies Holiness Goodness and Truth yet retain their natural Power at least in great degrees Their Malice is unquenchable 'T is said of the Devil He goes about like a roaring Lion seeking whom he may devour All the Joy those malignant Spirits are capable of is the involving the Souls of Men in their desperate Calamity And tho they know their opposing God will increase their Guilt and Torment yet their Diligence is equal to their Malice to seduce pervert and ruin Souls for ever Now when the Saints die all the Powers of Darkness would if possible hinder the ascension of their Souls to God What David complains of his cruel Enemies is applicable in this case Their Souls are among Lions and if destitute of divine Preservation the Danger would be the same as if a little Flock of Lambs were to encounter with a great number of fierce Lions or fiery Dragons Anger sets an edg upon Power and makes a Combatant but of equal Strength to overcome How dangerous then would the Condition be of naked Souls oppos'd by over-matching Enemies armed with Rage against them How easily would they hurry them to the Abyss the Den of Dragons the Prison where lost Souls are secur'd to the Day of Judgment But all the Potentates of Hell are infinitely inferiour to God they are restrain'd and tortur'd by the Chains of his powerful Justice a Legion of them could not enter into the Swine without his permission much less can they touch the Apple of his Eye That black Prince with all his infernal Host cannot intercept one naked Soul from arriving at the Kingdom of Glory Our Saviour assures us None is able to pluck them out of his Father's Hands The Lord Christ our Head and Leader having vanquish'd in his last Battel on the Cross Principalities and Powers made his triumphant Ascension to Glory Thus his Members having overcome their spiritual Enemies shall by the
same Almighty Power be carried through the Dominions of Satan in the sight of their Enemies tormented with the remembrance of their lost Happiness and Envy that humane Souls should partake of it to the Place of God's glorious Residence I shall also observe that as the Lord is a God of Power so he is a God of Order and uses subordinate Means for the accomplishment of his Will Our Saviour has reveal'd that the Angels transport the separate Souls of the Righteous to Heaven Those glorious Spirits who always behold the Face of God such is their exact Obedience to him and perfect Love to his Children that they disdain not to protect his little ones in this open State They rejoice at the Conversion of Sinners at their first entrance into the Way of Life and with tender watchfulness encompass them here never withdrawing their protecting Presence till they bring them to their celestial Country and resign their Charge to the Lord of Life How safe are the departed Saints when convey'd through Satan's Territories by the Royal Guard of Angels that excel in strength 2. Heavenly Felicity The receiving of holy Souls into God's Hands is introductive into his Presence which is both a Sanctuary to secure us from all Evil and a Store-house to furnish us with all that is good The Lord is a Sun and a Shield he is to intellectual Beings what the Sun is to sensitive communicates Light and Life and Joy to them In his Presence is fulness of Joy at his right Hand are Rivers of Pleasure for ever All that is evil and afflicting is abolish'd all that is desirable is conferr'd upon his Children A glimpse or reflected Ray of his reconciled and favourable Countenance even in this lower World infuses into the Hearts of his Children a Joy unspeakable and glorious a taste of the Divine Goodness here causes a disrelish of all the carnal Sweets the dreggy Delights which natural Men so greedily desire And if the faint Dawn be so reviving and comfortable what is the Brightness of the full Day None can understand the Happiness that results from the full and eternal sight of God's Face and the fruition of his Love but those who enjoy the Presence of God in perfection His Goodness is truly infinite the more the Saints above know it and enjoy it the more they esteem it and delight in it His compleat and communicative Love satisfies the immense Desires of that innumerable Company of blessed Spirits that are before his Throne there is no Envy no Avarice no Ambition in that Kingdom where God is all in all The Divine Presence is an ever-flowing Fountain of Felicity The continual reflection upon this makes Heaven to be Heaven to the Blessed their Security is as valuable as their Felicity they are above all danger of losing it Methinks the belief of this should cause us as it were with Wings of Fire with most ardent Desires to fly to the Bosom of God the alone Centre of our Souls where we shall rest for ever 3. The reception of the Soul into Heaven is a certain Pledg of the Resurrection of the Body and its re-union with the Soul in the State of Glory The Covenant of God was made with the entire Persons of Believers therefore under the Law the sacred Seal of it was in their Flesh. To be the God of Promise to them implies his being a blessed Rewarder to them Our Saviour silences the Sadduces who disbeliev'd the Resurrection from the tenour of God's Covenant I am the God of Abraham and Isaac and Jacob which Title he was pleased to retain after their Death Now God is not the God of the Dead but of the Living The immediate Inference from thence is that their Souls did actually live in Blessedness and that their Bodies tho dead to Nature were alive to God with respect to his Promise and Power If we consider that the Divine Law binds the outward Man as well as the inward and that during the time of our Work and Trial here our Service and Sufferings for the Glory of God are from the concurrence of the Soul and Body it will appear that the Promise of the Reward belongs to both and that the receiving of the Soul into Heaven is an earnest of our full Redemption even that of the Body 'T is true there is no visible Difference between the Bodies of the Saints and of the Wicked here they are sick with the same Diseases and die in the same manner As 't is with Trees in deep Winter when they are covered with Snow we cannot distinguish which are absolutely dead and destin'd to the Ax and Fire and which retain their Sap and will be fruitful and flourishing in the returning Year so the dead Bodies of the Godly and Ungodly to external appearance are alike But what a vast difference will be between them in the next World The Bodies of the Ungodly in conjunction with their Souls shall be cast into the Lake of Fire the Bodies of the Godly resumed by their Souls shall enjoy a full and flourishing Happiness for ever The Application 1. This may inform us of the contrary States into which dying Persons immediately pass The Children of God resign their Spirits to the Hands of their gracious Heavenly Father but Rebels and Strangers to God fall into the Hands of a revenging Judg. Could we see the attending Spirits that surround sick Persons in their last Hours what a wonderful Impression would it make upon us A Guard of glorious Angels convey the departed Saints to the Bosom of God's Love and the Kingdom of his Glory But when the Wicked die a Legion of Furies sieze upon their expected Prey and hurry them to the infernal Prison from whence there is no redemption How many Rebels and open Enemies to God are in the Pale of the Christian Church They will loudly repeat Our Father which art in Heaven notwithstanding the impudent and palpable Atheism of their Lives they live as if they were independent and not accountable to him who will judg the World without respect of Persons The more strict his Commands are the Contempt of them is more visible Our Saviour's Prohibition is peremptory I say unto you Swear not at all but how many make no more conscience of Swearing than they do of Speaking and pour forth Oaths of all fashions and sizes We are severely forbid all degrees of Impurity in the Look in Words or in Wish yet how many without reflection or remorse continue in the deepest Pollutions We are commanded to live soberly in this present World yet how many indulge their swinish Appetites and debase themselves even below the Beasts that perish And as the sensual Appetites are notoriously predominant in some so the angry Appetite is tyrannous in others Pride Wrath Revenge possess the Breasts of many How often for a slight or but reputed Injury they are so fir'd with Passion that their hot Blood cannot be satisfied without
A Funeral-Sermon FOR THE Reverend Holy and Excellent DIVINE Mr. Richard Baxter Who deceased Decemb. 8. 1691. WITH An Account of His LIFE By WILLIAM BATES D. D. LONDON Printed for Brab Aylmer at the Three Pigeons against the Royal Exchange in Cornhill 1692. To the Right Worshipfull and his much Honoured Friend Sr Henry Ashurst Baronet SIR YOur Noble and Constant Kindness to Mr. Baxter Living and your Honourable Respect to him Dead have induced me to inscribe the following Memorial of him to your Name He was most worthy of your highest Esteem and Love for the first Impressions of Heaven upon your Soul were in Reading his unvalued Book of the Saints Everlasting Rest. This kindled a mutual Affection in your Breasts his Love was Directing Counselling and Exciting you to secure your Future Happiness your Love was Observant Gratefull and Beneficent to him The Sincerity and Generosity of your Friendship was very evident in your appearing and standing by him when he was so roughly and unrighteously handled by one who was the dishonour of this Ages Law whose Deportment in a high place of Judicature was so contrary to Wisdom Humanity and Justice that there need no foul words to make his Name odious Of this and your other Favours Mr. Baxter retain'd a dear and lasting Sense and in his dying hours declared that you had been the best friend he ever had He has finished his Course and received his Crown His Name will shine longer than his Enemies shall bark I cannot omit the mentioning that Mr. Boyle and Mr. Baxter those incomparable Persons in their several Studies and dear Friends died within a short space of one another Mr. Boyle was engaged in the Contemplation of the Design and Architecture of the visible World and made rare discoveries in the system of Nature not for Curiosity and barren Speculation but to admire and adore the Perfections of the Deity in the Variety Order Beauty and marvellous Artifice of the Creatures that compose this great Universe Mr. Baxter was conversant in the invisible World his Mind was constantly applied to understand the harmonious Agreement of the Divine Attributes in the Oeconomy of our Salvation and to restore Men to the Favour and Image of God They are now admitted into the inlightned and purified Society above where the immense Volumes of the Divine Wisdom are laid open and by one glance of an eye they discover more perfectly the Causes Effects and Concatenation of all things in Heaven and Earth than the most diligent Inquirers can do here in a thousand years Study though they had the Sagacity of Solomon By the Light of Glory they see the face of God and are satisfied with his likeness for ever 'T is a high honour to you that Mr. Boyle and Mr. Baxter should by their Last Will nominate you amongst their Executors It was the Saying of a Wise Roman Malo divi Augusti judicium quam beneficium I had rather have the Esteem of the Emperour Augustus than his Gifts for he was an understanding Prince and his Esteem was very Honourable to a Person That two who so excell'd in Wisdom and Goodness should commit to your Trust the disposal of their Estates for the Uses of Piety and Charity is a more noble Testimony of their Esteem of your Prudence and inviolable Integrity than if they had bequeathed to you rich Legacies It is a satisfaction to me that I have complied with Mr. Baxter's desire in Preaching his Funeral-Sermon and with yours in Publishing it I shall unfeignedly recommend Your self your excellent Lady and vertuous Children to the Divine Mercies and remain with great Respect SIR Your humble and faithfull Servant William Bates A SERMON On the DEATH of Mr. Richard Baxter Luke 23.46 And when Jesus had cried with a loud Voice he said Father into thy Hands I commend my Spirit THE Words are the Prayer of our Blessed Saviour in the Extremity of his Passion His unrighteous and implacable Enemies had nail'd his Body to the Cross but they had no power over his Spirit that was ready to take its flight to the Sanctuary of Life and Immortality This dying Prayer of Christ is a Pattern for sincere Christians He has invested them with the Relation of Children of God and authorises them by his Example to commend their departing Spirits to his powerful Love The Observation I shall unfold and apply is this 'T is the Priviledg of dying Saints to commend their Spirits into the Hands of their Heavenly Father In discoursing of this I shall I. Consider the Foundation of this Priviledg II. Shew what a blessed Priviledg this is III. Apply it I. The Foundation of this Priviledg is to be consider'd This is built upon two things 1. The Relation of God to the Saints 2. His Perfections joined with that Relation 1. The Relation of God to the Saints The Title of Father is upon several Accounts attributed to God 1. He is a Father by Creation O Lord thou art our Father we are the Clay thou art the Potter we are the Work of thine Hands He formed Man's Body into a Majestick Figure becoming his original State being Lord of the lower World But in a peculiar manner he is stiled the Father of Spirits they have a near Alliance and Resemblance of the Father of Lights in their intellectual Powers and their immortal Nature From hence it is the Angels are called the Sons of God They are the eldest Off-spring of his Power Adam has the Title of the Son of God And since the Fall Men are called God's Offspring There is an indelible Character of Dignity engraven in the reasonable Nature by the Hand of God But since Man turn'd Rebel to his Creator and Father this endearing obliging Relation aggravates his Rebellion but gives him no Interest in the Paternal Love of God of which he has made a deadly Forfeiture 'T is threatned against ignorant perverse Sinners He that made them will not save them 2. Upon the account of external Calling and Profession there is an intercurrent Relation of Father and Sons between God and his People Thus the Posterity of Seth are called the Sons of God and the entire Nation of the Jews are so stiled When Israel was young I called my Son out of Egypt And all that have received Baptism the Seal of the holy Covenant and profess Christianity in this general Sense may be called the Children of God But 't is not the outward Dedication that entitles Men to a saving Interest in God unless they live according to that Dedication There are baptized Infidels as well as unbaptized How many every day fall as deep as Hell whose hopes were high on the account of their external Christianity 3. God is our Father upon a more excellent Account by Renovation and Adoption The natural Man is what St. Paul saith of the voluptuous Widow dead while he lives There is not only a cessation of spiritual Acts but an utter
his hand upon his heart and find he has a Soul and a Conscience though he lived before as if he had none He told some friends that six Brothers were Converted by reading that Call and that every Week he received Letters of some Converted by his Books This he spake with most humble thankfulness that God was pleased to use him as an instrument for the Salvation of Souls He that was so solicitous for the Salvation of others was not negligent of his own but as regular Love requires his first Care was to prepare himself for Heaven In him the Vertues of the Contemplative and Active Life were eminently united His time was spent in Communion with God and in Charity to Men. He lived above the sensible World and in solitude and silence convers'd with God The frequent and serious Meditation of Eternal things was the powerfull means to make his Heart holy and heavenly and from thence his Conversation His Life was a practical Sermon a drawing Example There was an Air of Humility and Sanctity in his mortified Countenance and his Deportment was becoming a Stranger upon Earth and a Citizen of Heaven Though all Divine Graces the fruit of the Spirit were visible in his Conversation yet some were more eminent Humility is to other Graces as the Morning-Star is to the Sun that goes before it and follows it in the Evening Humility prepares us for the receiving of Grace God gives Grace to the humble and it follows the Exercise of Grace Not I says the Apostle but the Grace of God in me In Mr. Baxter there was a rare Union of sublime Knowledge and other spiritual Excellencies with the lowest opinion of himself He wrote to one that sent a Letter to him full of Expressions of Honour and Esteem You do admire one you do not know Knowledge will cure your Error The more we know God the more reason we see to admire him but our knowledge of the Creature discovers its imperfections and lessens our esteem To the same person expressing his Veneration of him for his excellent Gifts and Graces he replied with heat I have the remainders of pride in me how dare you blow up the sparks of it He desir'd some Ministers his chosen friends to meet at his House and spend a day in Prayer for his direction in a matter of moment before the Duty was begun he said I have desir'd your assistance at this time because I believe God will sooner hear your Prayers than mine He imitated St. Austin both in his Penitential Confessions and Retractations In conjunction with Humility he had great Candor for others He could willingly bear with persons of differing Sentiments he would not prostitute his own judgment nor ravish anothers He did not over-esteem himself nor under-value others He would give liberal Encomiums of many Conforming Divines He was severe to himself but candid in excusing the faults of others Whereas the busie Inquirer and Censurer of the faults of others is usually the easie Neglecter of his own Self-denial and Contempt of the World were shining Graces in him I never knew any person less indulgent to himself and more indifferent to his Temporal interest The offer of a Bishoprick was no temptation to him for his exalted Soul despised the Pleasures and Profits which others so earnestly desire he valued not an empty Title upon his Tomb. His Patience was truly Christian God does often try his Children by Afflictions to exercise their Graces to occasion their Victory and to entitle them to a triumphant Felicity This Saint was tried by many Afflictions We are very tender of our Reputation his Name was obscur'd under a Cloud of detraction Many slanderous Darts were thrown at him He was charg'd with Schism and Sedition He was accus'd for his Paraphrase upon the New Testament as guilty of disloyal Aspersions upon the Government and Condemn'd unheard to a Prison where he remainâ—d for some years But he was so far from being moved at the unrighteous prosecution that he joyfully said to a constant friend What could I desire more of God than after having serv'd him to my power I should now be called to suffer for him One who had been a fierce Dissenter was afterward rankled with an opposite heat and very contumeliously in his Writings reflected upon Mr. Baxter who calmly endur'd his Contempt and when the same person publisht a learned Discourse in Defence of Christianity Mr. Baxter said I forgive him all for his Writing that Book Indeed he was so much the more truly honourable as he was thought worthy of the hatred of those persons 'T is true the Censures and Reproaches of others whom he esteemed and loved toucht him in the tender part But he with the great Apostle counted it a small thing to be judg'd by Mens day He was entire to his Conscience and independent upon the opinion of others But his Patience was more eminently tried by his continual pains and languishing Martyrdom is a more easie way of dying when the Combat and the Victory are finisht at once than to dye by degrees every day His Complaints were frequent but who ever heard an unsubmissive word drop from his lips He was not put out of his Patience nor out of the possession of himself In his sharp Pains he said I have a rational Patience and a believing Patience though sense would recoil His pacifick Spirit was a clear Character of his being a Child of God How ardently he endeavour'd to cement the breaches among us which others widen and keep open is publickly known He said to a friend I can as willingly be a Martyr for Love as for any Article of the Creed 'T is strange to astonishment that those who agree in the substantial and great Points of the Reformed Religion and are of differing Sentiments onely in things not so clear nor of that moment as those wherein they consent should still be opposite Parties Methinks the remembrance how our Divisions lately expos'd us to our watchfull Adversary and were almost fatal to the interest of Religion should conciliate our Affections Our common danger and common deliverance should prepare our Spirits for a sincere and firm Union When our Sky was so dark without a glimmering Horizon then by a new dawning of God's wonderful Providence a Deliverer appear'd our gracious Soveraign who has the Honour of establishing our Religion at home and gives us hopes of restoring it abroad in places from whence it has been so unrighteously and cruelly expell'd May the Union of his Protestant Subjects in religious things so desir'd by wise and good Men be accomplisht by his princely Counsel and Authority Integrity with Charity would remove those things that have so long disunited us I return from this Digression Love to the Souls of Men was the peculiar Character of Mr. Baxter's Spirit In this he imitated and honoured our Saviour who prayed dyed and lives for the Salvation of Souls All his natural and supernatural Endowments