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spirit_n	body_n	part_n	soul_n	20,019	5	5.7069	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A68136	A letter vvritten by a true Christian Catholike, to a Romaine pretended Catholike Wherein vppon occasion of controuersie touching the Catholike Church the 12. 13. and 14. Chap. of the Reuelations are breifly and trulie expounded. Which conteine the true estate thereof, from the birth of Christ, to the end of the world.	Herbert, William, Sir, 1553?-1593.	1586 (1586)	STC 12752.5; ESTC S112797	52,029	90

Senate seemeth to bee adorned that is they shall bee made counsellers and consulles and shall farther be decored with all other dignities imperiall and that as the imperiall warfare is decked so also the cleargie of the holy Romaine church shall be adorned and that as the imperiall poysance is garnished with diuers offices of chamberlaines of porters of watchmen and garders so the holye Romaine church shall likewise bee beautified and that the pontificall brightnesse maye shinne most amplye and largelye hee doth ordaine that the houses of the cleargye of the holye Romayne church shall bee garnished with skarfes and with lawnes that is of bright white and that they shall so ryde And that as the Senate doth vse showes with drawynges out that is to say decked with fyne whyte lynnen so the cleargy in lyke sort may vse And farther decreeth that Syluester and his successors shall vse the diademe that is to saye the Crowne of moste pure golde and precious stones which from his head he had graunted vnto him And for that the sayde moste blessed Pope was vnwyllyng vppon the Crowne of his Priesthoode which he weare to the glorye of Sainct Peter to vse that crowne of golde hee had put a miter shynynge with whyte bryghtnesse with his owne handes vppon his head ordayning that euerye one of the Popes successours in particular shall vse the same miter In their proceedinges to the imitation of the Empire which is all one as if hee had sayde as an Image of the Empire this I finde in effecte worde for worde in the Popes decrees collected certayne hundred yeares synce by Gratian and now lately with prefaces and priuileges recommended to the world by Pope Gregorie the thirtenth and printed in Paris the yeare of our Lord 1582. although this donation bee a very falsehood and forgerie in the opinions iudgements of sundry wise and learned men as Cardinall Cusanus Hieronimus Paulus Otho Frisingensis Krantzius Platina Laurentius Valla Carolus Molinaeus Andreas Alceatus and others Yet is it apparant to the eye that sith from the stampe of the Romayne cleargye this counterfecte did proceede they had hereby a good desire to make their Romayne Church an Image and representation of the olde Romayne Empire which is the beast that had the wounde of a sworde and did liue neither did they onelye endeuour to resemble it in dignitie authoritye and ceremonies of honor and maiestie but also in forme and manner of religion which is not vnknowne in the olde Romaine Empire to haue consisted in the multiplicitye of goddes they hauing a god for euerye countrie for euerye prouince for euery Citye for euery place and for euery thing and for these they had alters and Idols and sacrifices and oblations and ceremonies in theyr honour This the Romayne church represented in the multiplicitye of sainctes they hauing a sainct for euery countrie for euerye prouince for euery parishe for euerye place and for euerye thing and for these they had churches and Images and offeringes and prayers and kneelinges and what soeuer establisheth a diuine adoration Hence it was that they turned the temple of Pantheon to the church of all Sainctes Diana to our Ladie Mars into sainct George Aesculapius to S. Roche Romulus and Remus to Peter Paule and euery other god of the Romayne Empire to some other Sainct of the Romayne church Lastlye touching the lawes and manner of gouernment there is a verye great representation betweene the one the other the forme of the pollicy of the romaine empire seemed at the first sight to be an Arastocracie by reason of the autoritie of the Senate but in trueth was a most absolute monarchie by reason of the supreme power of the Emperours The forme of the policy of the Romaine church seemeth likewise to be an aristocracie by reason of the authoritie both of the Cardinals and councels but in verie deed it is a most absolute monarchie by reason of the most high and circumspect power of the Popes The lawes Imperiall by the which the Romaine Empire endeuoured to appease the controuersie that happened amongst men may appeare by the pandectes collected by Tri-bonian by the code of Iustinian and by the bookes called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The lawes Papall by the which the Romaine church proceeded likewise to ende variaunces may be seene in the decretall Epistles writen to the verie likenesse and similitude of the Emperiall rescriptes being an Imitation repetition rehearsall and representation of the selfe same lawes that bare swaye in the Romaine Empire and so confessed by the Canonistes themselues If any will wade farther in the consideration hereof let them reade the collections of Iohannes Berthaclinus firmanus called his repertorie which treateth in seuerall great volumes of an infinite number of things wherein the lawes Ciuill and Canon doe accorde And although in his second to me there be inserted the collection of one Gwalnanus vnder the worde differentia touching the differences in diuers pointes betweene the Ciuill law and the Canon Yet are they so fewe in number in respect of the rest that they are nothing in comparison and such also as differ rather in matter of circumstance then of substaunce and some of them such sort of differences as may very well be betweene a body and his Image As for example the last difference sauing one by him is noted thus Secundum ius Ciuile in libello accusatorio ponuntur nomina Imperatoris consulum secundum ius Canonicum loco illorum ponuntur nomina Papae Episcopi 2.9.4 lib. ibi no. gl 1. per Archi. According to the Ciuill lawe in a libell of accusation the names are put of the Emperor and of the Consuls according to the Canon law in stead of thē the names are put of the Pope of the byshop 15 And it was permitted him to giue a spirite vnto the Image of the beast so that the Image of the beast should speake and should cause that as many as would not worship the Image of the beast should be killed Euery bodie Politique and euerie state that is established to continue amongest men liue by their lawes and constitutions Insomuch that lawes are rightly tearmed the life of the common wealth And in al well ordered common wealthes these lawes are made and ordained by the assent of the most parte of the inhabitants and members of the same For as in the naturall bodie of lyuing creatures out of an harmonie and consent of euerie part and member there resulteth a certaine vitall spirite and vigor that giueth life and motion to the whole bodie and so long continueth the same in good health and estate as it enioyeth free and vninterrupted passage into euerie part and member thereof So in the bodie politicke of common wealthes and estates out of a consent and agreement of the partes and members therof there are produced lawes and ordinances which giue life and strength vnto the common wealth and so long continue

ita se ad diuinae legis studia conuertit Quis nostrum it a operam dedit quis tāto studio ac labore diuina quaerit studia quanto quaesiuit humana Et quid conquerimur si quod non discimus ignoramus aliqui vestrum vt recitari audierint quae leguntur statim discedunt nulla ex his quae dicta sunt inquisitio ad inuicem nulla collatio which of vs doth so addict himselfe to the studie of the lawe of God what one of vs geueth such diligence who with so great studie and labor followeth diuine meditations and studies as wherewith he hath sought after humane things And why then do we complaine sithence we remain yet ignorant of that which we will not or els neglecte to learne Some of you so sone as ye heare some things recited which are reade doe immediately depart so farre is it off that any inquisition and examination is made of those things which are vttered or any conference vsed or collation The proportion of the doctrine we call that vniformitie and conformitie that is betweene the faith embraced by the Patriarches by the Prophets by the Apostles and by the faithfull of all ages whereof the holy scriptures are witnesses vnto vs that doctrine of God in all pointes absolute in nothing contrarie to it self wil soone discouer anie erronious doctrine that shall be produced if wee carrie the true modell of it in our minds as in the scriptures it is expressed and set foorth Hereof S. Ierome notably ad normam omnia diriguntur vtrum praua rectaue sint cum regula apposita fuerit arguuntur ita doctrina Dei quaedam quasi norma sermonis est quae inter iusta iudicat iniusta quam qui secutus fuerit habebit pacem in semetipso quae superat omnem sensum post pacem misericordiam quae praecipua est in Deo Israel All thinges are directed and ordered according to rule and whether in deede they bee euill or good crooked or straight when the rule or line is applied vnto them they are prooued and found out In like manner also the doctrine of God is as it were an exact rule and perfect square of speech which iudgeth and discerneth betweene those things which are iust and those which are vniust which whosoeuer truely followeth and cleaueth vnto hee shall haue peace in himselfe which surmounteth and exceedeth all vnderstanding and consequently after this peace of conscience mercie which is most chiefe in the God of Israel S. Augustine of the bodie of the doctrine hic prius per Prophetas deinde per seipsum postea per Apostolos quantum satis esse Iudicauit locutus etiam scripturam condidit quae Canonica nominatur eminentissimae autoritatis cui fidem habemus de ijs rebus quas ignorare non expedit nec per nos ipsos nosce idonei sumus He first by his Prophetes then by himselfe afterwarde by his Apostles speaking so much as he knewe to be sufficient hath framed and made the Scripture which is named Canonicall being of most excellent and effectuall force and authoritie vnto the which we giue credite concerning those thinges which it is not expedient that we be ignorant of neither are we apt or able of our selues to know and conceaue The summarie of our faith and that which faith requireth we call the Apostolicke Creede the tenne Commandements and the Lordes prayer wherein a certaine rule or methode is deliuered vs how to beleeue how to liue howe to pray this also will well lighten our vnderstanding that it fall not vnto vndecent vncharitable monstrous conceits whereof S. Augustine verie well Si preceptiua locutio est aut flagitium aut facinus vetans aut vtilitatem beneficentiam iubens non est figurata Si autem flagitium aut facinus videtur iubere aut vtilitatem aut beneficentiam vetare figurata est nisi manducaueritis inquit carnē filij hominis sanguinem biberitis non habebitis vitam in vobis facinus vel flagitium videtur Iubere figura est ergo precipiens passioni Domini esse communicandum suauiter atque vtiliter recondendum in memoria quod pro nobis caro eius crucifixa vulnerata sit If it be a precept forbidding wickednesse and enormitie or commanding vertue and goodnesse it is no figuratiue speech But if it seemeth to command a wicked deede and enormitie or to forbid goodnesse and vertue it is figuratiue Except you eate saith he the flesh of the sonne of man and drinke his bloud you shall not haue life in you He seemeth to commaund a wicked enormitie it is figuratiue Therefore commaunding vs to communicate to the passion of the Lorde and profitably to call to remembrance that his flesh was crucified and wounded for vs. Had the Romish Church obserued this rule it had neuer fallen to that blasphemous doctrine of transubstantiation which contrarieth the articles of our Creede wherefore we may rightly say with S. Augustine In principio cauendum est ne figuratam locutionem ad literam accipias ad hoc enim pertinet quod ait Apostolus litera occidit spiritus autem viuificat Cum enim figurate dictum sic accipitur tanquam proprie dictum sit carnaliter sapitur neque vlla mors animae congruentius appellatur ea demum est miserabilis animae seruitus signa pro rebus accipere supra creaturam corpoream oculum mentis ad hauriendum eternum lumen leuare non posse First heede is to be taken that thou shalt not take a figuratiue speech according to the letter For to that pertaineth it which the Apostle sayth the letter killeth but the spirite geueth life For when the figuratiue speech is so taken as though it were properly spoken it tasteth of the flesh neither can anie thing be more fitly called the death of the soule To be short it is a miserable bondage of the soule to take the signes for the thinges signified and not to be able to lift vp the eye of the soule aboue the bodily creature to receaue the eternall light Of prayer and meditation we reade in Origen Ostenditur non studium solum nobis adhibendum esse ad discendas literas sacras Verum supplicandum Domino diebus ac noctibus obsecrandum vt veniat agnus ex tribu Iuda ipse accipiens librum signatum dignetur aperire It is shewed that not onely study is to be vsed for to learne the holy scriptures But also wee ought to pray to God and to craue day and night that the lambe of the tribe of Iuda will come that he taking in hand the booke sealed will vouchsafe to open it And in Saint Hillarie non ergo ex nobis est quod intelligimus sed ex eo qui quae innoscibilia erant fecit intelligi Itaque ab eo speranda intelligentia est qui pulsantibus aperiet querentibus demonstrabit petentibus

cheefe instrument in persecuting the members of the church those that haue the testimony of Iesus And to that end aduanceth his power throne and authoritie in this wicked world 3 And I sawe one of his heades as it were wounded to death and his deadly wounde was healed and all the world wondred at the beast These heades seeme vnto me to haue three significations two of them are laide downe by the Angell in the seauentienth chapter where they are expounded to bee mountaynes or hilles as heretofore we haue taken them and also kings or gouernors as hereafter we shall shewe them But in this place it semeth to bee taken neither for the one nor for the other but for a chiefe and principal parte of the estat euen for Roome and Italy it selfe Which aswell by the ciuill warres of Caesar and Pompey Augustus and Anthony as by the loose and execrable gouernments of Claudius Tiberius Caius Caligula Claudius the brother of Germanicus Nero the sonne of Domitius and Aulus Vitellius was as it were wounded and that most greeuously Which in the time of Flauius Vespasianus Titus Nerua Traiane and the Emperours succeding it recouered whereby the deadlye wound was healed And all the world wondred at the beast Such was the might and maiestie the force and fortune of the Romaine Empire that all men wondred and maruailed at it had it in admiration regarde and reuerence as an estate most happye sacred and in a manner diuine 4 And they worshipped the Dragon which gaue power vnto the beast and they worshipped the beast saying VVho is like vnto the beaste VVho is able to make warre with him By reason of the false religions and Idolatries of the Romaine Empire the Dragon that is to saye the Deuill was worshipped And by reason of the might and puissance of the forsaid estate it was of al nations feared and honored insomuch as they thought that none other was like vnto it nor any able to make warre against it 5 And there was giuen vnto him a mouthe that spake great things and blasphemies and power was giuen vnto him to doe 42. moneths The pride and blasphemye of the Romaine Emperors wee haue somewhat declared before The time of their persecuting power heere expressed by two and forty months is the same that in the former chapter is resolued and a thousand two hundred threescore daies which gathered into sabbaoths of yeares after the account of Daniell contayneth the whole time of the primitiue persecution from the first of Herod to the last of Licinius the particularities of their pride and blasphemies as to be called Gods to haue their images placed in temples and to haue diuine rites ceremonies done there in their honor The histories of their times doe disclose the sundry persecutions in great crueltye by them and their authority executed against the professors of the truth the Ecclesiasticall histories doe mention at large Whereby the interpretation of this place and of the verses following is very cleare and manifest 6 And he opened his mouth vnto blasphemy against God to blaspheme his name and his tabernacle and them that dwell in heauen The blasphemous speeches and actions of the Romaine Empire being corrupted with all kinde of Idolatry and impietie was bent first against the name of God secondly against his tabernacle thirdly against them that dwell in heauen Against the name of God that is to say against the essence maiestye worde and wisedome of God Whereas in steade of the creator they honored creatures in steade of one true God they serued many false Idols and adored them in corporall rites and ceremonies in steade of him that was to be worshipped in spirit and truth against his tabernacle that is to say his church for of the church it is spoken beholde the tabernacle of God is with men and he will dwel with them and they shalle his people and God himself shalbe their God with them Against them that dwell in heauen that is to say against the members of the Church for that wee are no more forrenners and strangers but citizens wtih the Saintes and of the houshould of God And therefore may be well termed dwellers in heauen For that as the Apostle saieth in the Epistle to the Hebrewes In that we are members of the misticall bodie of Christ we are come to the mount Sion and to the Citie of the liuing God the caelestiall Hierusalem and to the companie of innumerable Angels and to the congregation of the first borne which are written in heauen And to God the iudge of all and to the Spirites of iust and perfect men and to Iesus the Mediatour of the new Testament to the bloud of sprinkling that speaketh better thinges then that of Abel Wherefore as in the former chapter the Dragon that is to saye the Diuell persecuted first the man childe that is Christ Iesus Then the woman clothed with the Sunne which is the Church And lastlie the remnant of her seede which keepe the commaundementes of God and haue the testimonie of Iesus that is to saye the members of the church So this principall instrument of the Deuill the Romaine Idolatrous Empire blasphemeth gainsayeth and persecuteth first the name of God that is his worde and wisedome Christ Iesus Secondlie his tabernacle that is his church Thirdly those that dwell in heauen that is to say the faithfull that are the members and seede of the church 7 And it was giuē vnto him to make war with the saints and to ouercome them and power was giuen him ouer euerie kindred and tongue and nation They that before were tearmed dwellers in heauen are heere tearmed sainctes against whome this Romaine Empire hath made warre raysed persecution and preuailed in all cruell tormentes and rigorous kindes of death that not in one contrie or prouince alone but throughout all the worlde for the authoritie therof and power did reach in effect ouer euery kindred and tongue and nation 8 Therefore all that dwell vppon the earth shall woorshippe him whose names are not written in the booke of life of the lambe which was slaine from the beginning of the worlde Such therefore as are not the elect of God whose eyes are not illumined with his heauenly light and whose mindes are not sanctified with his holy spirit whereby they may discerne trueth from falsehoode but are whollie led with earthly conceites worldly considerations and terrestriall appetites and therin doe as it were dwel and inhabite vnwilling any way to be weaned from it They shall worshippe obey reuerence and followe in all Idolatrie and naughtinesse this Romaine Empire iudging it to bee the best way for their saftie benefit and aduauncement although in truth it worke their ruyne ouerthrowe and euerlasting destruction 9 If any man haue an eare let him heare if any leade into captiuitie he shall goe into captiuitie if any kill with a sworde he must be killed by a sworde Here is the patience and

good Lord more and more to consume her and shortlye to abolish her with thy moste glorious comming and in the meane tyme O Lord thunder into the innermoste eare of the deafe papistes the threatninges of thy thirde Aungell that if any man worship Antichrist his romish church made to the Image and representation of the olde Romayne Empire and receaue his Character or doctrine in his forehead and in his hande that is in his fayth and practise in his conceite and conuersation to be both beleeued and boulstered with his counsel and execution the same shall drinke of the Wine of the wrath of God yea of the pure wine which is powred into the Cup of his wrath and shal bee tormented in fire and brimstone before the holy angels and before thee and the smoke of their tormentes shall ascende for euermore That with the consideration hereof they may be strooken in conscience harken vnto thy voyce go out of her my people that you be not partakers in her sinnes that you receaue not of her plagues and for that O Lorde a tyme and space is required for the vtter consuming of this hideous body of antichrist during the which he and his adherentes repining at thy trueth and iudgementes with all rage and rancor maligne and persecute thy chosen and faythfull Indue vs O Lord with patience in all troubles and afflictions giue vs grace to keepe thy Commaundementes and make vs feruent and fruitefull in thy fayth and what so euer euent thou shalte giue vnto our troubles in this worlde yea though it bee thy will that the force or furie of Antichrist preuayle agaynst the mortall bodyes and worldelye estate of our selues or of our brethren yet let that thy heauenlye voyce styll recomforte our soules Blessed are the dead which hereafter dye in the Lorde euen so sayth the Spirite for they reste from theyr laboures and theyr workes followe them Wee knowe and acknowledge O Lambe of eternall light that with thee is true rest voyde of labour true life voyde of death true felicitie voyde of all trouble and miserie Wee knowe also that our workes which thorow thy grace we do according to thy wil go not before vs to make our way and passage into heauen which thy bloud and merites only haue done but that thither by thy great goodnes and fauour they followe vs to receiue reward at thy bounteous and liberall hand Lastlye for that the tyme of thy fynall iudgement doth approach and thy Aungels are shortly to be sent to reape the haruest of the earth and to cut downe the vynes of the vyneyarde thereof endue vs O Lorde with thy grace instruct vs in thy trueth that as pure Corne wee maye bee gathered into the Barnes of thy euerlasting blisse and neither as tares or wicked weedes bee throwne into the furnace of eternall fyre nor as the vngratious grapes full of vylenesse and vanytye bee cast into the Wnepresse of thy wrath which shal be trode without the citie that is executed without thy kingdome for without shalbe doggs and enchanters and whoremongers and murtherers and Idolaters and whosoeuer loueth or maketh lyes the bloud shall come euen to the horse bridles the tortures and tormentes shall reach from the meanest man to the mightiest monarch that for the space of a 1600 furlonges which is for euer and euer for rightlye may that square number of foure times foure intimate vnto vs eternitie And syth O thou second Adam and restorer of mankind thy church hath since thy natiuitie walked here on earth nowe neere sixtene hundred yeres as it were 1600 furlongs which is in hundreds of yeres proportionable to the time that was betweene the first Adam and the floud of Noe strike into our heartes with thy remembring spirite a deepe impression of thy comming that it be not with vs as in the days before the floud wherin they did eate and drinke and marrie and gaue in marriage and knewe nothing till the flould came and tooke them all away but that casting away all carelesnes and securitie we may like wise and faithfull seruantes be founde watchfull readie and diligent in fulfilling of thy will and doing of our duties earnestly praying and dayly expecting for thy comming that thou our Lorde and master so finding vs being the author and fountaine of all blessednesse mayst truely make vs blessed Come Lord Iesus Let thy mightie hande and out stretched arme O Lorde be still our defence thy mercy louing kindnes in Iesus Christ the deare sonne our saluatiō thy true and holy worde our instruction thy grace and holy spirite our comfort and consolation vnto the ende and in the end Annotations WHereas in the tenth verse of the xiij Chapter mention is made of a beast rysing vppe out of the earth hauing two hornes like the Lambe but speaking like the Dragon wee expounded the earth to be the Church militant so taking it in the better part as conferred and layde opposite to the sea from whence the former beast did proceede taking the sea for gentilisme and the earth for Christianisme Jf it shall better please any to take the earth in that place in the worser part then doth it signifie corruption superstition terrestriall appetites and earthly conceiptes of heauenly matters and in whether soeuer part the worde be interpreted the designation of the person there expressed is the same and receiueth no alteration Whereas in the thirde verse of the xiij Chapter there beeing mention made that one of the seauen heades of the Romaine Empire was as it were wounded to death but the deadly wounde thereof was healed we there expounde that heade to be Rome and Jtalie and the wounde to bee ciuill warres which interpretation is iustified by truth of historie yet considering the course of this prophesie and the exposition of the Angell in the xvij chapter in these wordes the seauen heades are seauen hilles whereon the woman sitteth they are also seauen Kinges fiue are fallen one is another is not yet come and when hee commeth he shall continue but a short time and the beast that was and is not is the eight and one of the seauen We incline rather to this interpretation that followeth and one of his heades was as it were wounded to death and his deadlie wounde was healed The seauen heades signified seauen Kinges or soueraigne gouernours that haue ruled and borne chiefe authoritie within the citie of Rome The first were Kinges the seconde Consulles the thirde Dictators the fourth decem viri the fift were Tribunes Militare the sixt Romaine Emperours the seuenth French Emperours the head that had the deadly wound but was healed was the sixt which receiued that wounde in the death of Iulius Caesar and which wounde was twelue yeares after cured by Augustus for in Iulius Caesar the Emperours beganne and in him that heade had like to haue ended but that the deadly wounde thereof was cured by Augustus as for the triumuirate it